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2010年高考英语（湖南卷）完形填空（二）解析完形填空（二）是2010年高考英语（湖南卷）中出现的新题型。
这是一道主观填空题，它要求考生根据上下文，在8个空格处各填入一个适当的单词，无备选答案或是其它任何形式的提示。
在平时的练习及测试中，学生的得分普遍较低。
笔者在此就如何应对这一新题型做几点简要分析，以期能帮助考生备战高考。
一、了解命题形式知己知彼，方能百战不殆。
考生务必应明确该题型的考查目的所在——在语境中考查对语法知识的运用能力以及对语篇的整体把握能力。
文章为约150个词的短文，有8个空格，每空1.5分，总分12分。
所填单词多为连词、冠词、介词、代词、形容词和副词等。
与完形填空（一）相比，它更侧重于考查英语词汇在篇章中的交际功能，对考生提出了更高的要求。
二、加强基本功训练这里所说的“基本功”包括对词汇、习语和语法的掌握。
考生必须熟练掌握高中教材中所要求记忆的单词、短语、习语、句型以及语法基础知识。
考生平时要注重多背句子，多读文章，以不断扩大词汇量，培养语感。
丰富的词汇加上正确分析句子结构的能力可以更好地帮助考生把握文章的主旨大意，从而进行严密的逻辑思维，确定单词，顺利地完成句子填空。
三、掌握基本的解题策略在解答这类题时，考生可以用“三步一回头”的方法来解题，即一看，二定，三变，四回头。
一看：看全文。
该题型是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识和词汇，因此考生在解题前应快速浏览短文，把握全文大意。
这一步非常重要，它有助于考生理清文章主线和上下文之间的逻辑关系，把握文章的脉络，为解题作好必要的准备。
二定：定词类。
在理解全文的基础上，根据先易后难的原则，分析句子结构以确定该填哪类词。
所填词多为连词（包括主从复合句和并列复合句的连词）、冠词、介词、代词（人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词等）、形容词和副词（包括比较级和最高级）。
例如：句子缺主语或宾语，空格处需填代词或名词；几个单词或短语间有空格，可能需填连词；若句子完整，很可能是缺少状语，则需填副词；句子缺少表语、定语或补语，则或许应填形容词。
一．冠词：定冠词：the ； 不定冠词：a/an二．介词：早、午、晚要用in ：in the morning/afternoon/evening （1）In 年in 月on 某天，at 具体时间前：at seven thirty ： 在7点半 in 1927 在1927年； in March 在三月 on Monday 在星期一 on Nov ，11st 2012 in Spring:在春天on New Year's Day 在元旦 on my birthday 在我的生日 on May Day 在"五·一"节 on winter day 在冬天但 in the eighteenth century 在十八世纪; in ancient times 在古代; in earlier times 在早期; in modern times 在现代，则用in at present 当今；当今 （2）阳光、灯、衣、雨 in ，in the sunlight 在阳光下 in dim light 在昏暗的灯光下 in uniform 穿着制服 in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋 将来时态in...以后：in 10 days ：十天以后 小处at 大处in in a big city 在大城市、 arrive at the airport 到达机场（3）有形with 无形by ，语言、单位、材料in write with a pen:用笔写remember it by heart 用心记 by getting up early ：通过早起 in English 用英语The length is measured in meter. (表示度、量、衡单位的用in ) in gold 用金做的（4）特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用in 。
in ruins 成了废墟 in tears 泪流满面 in rags 衣衫褴褛in this aspect 在这方面 in anger 气愤 in a good mood 心情好 in this way 用这种方法一．根据句子结构，确定词性名词 副词 代词连词（5）收音、农场，值日onon radio 从收音机里on TV从电视里on a farm 在农场on duty值日（6）关于、基础、靠、著论ona report on the international situation 关于国际形势的报告be based on 以…为基础live on 靠…为生on the People's Democratic Dictatorship<<论人民民主专政>>（7）着火、罢工、出售、偷偷地、办公、休假，故意、相反、准时用onOn fire 着火on strike 罢工on sale 出售On the quiet偷偷地on business 办公事On a long trip 进行长途旅行on leave 休假On purpose 故意on the contrary 相反on time 准时注：in time是"及时"的意思（8）一….就，左右onOn/upon entering…. 一进入…on/upon reaching…. 一到达…On the left/right 在左边/在右边（9）步行、驴、马on，cab，carriage用inOn foot步行; on horse骑马; on donkey 骑驴In cab/carriage 坐马车（10）在山脚下、在门口、在目前，速度、温度、价格、在日落时、在……核心，在开头/结尾要用atAt the foot of the mountain/hill在山脚下At the gate of the school 在校门口at the door在门口at present现在/目前at home 在国内，在家里at ten degrees centigrade 在摄氏10度at full speed 全速at a good price 高价at a low cost 低成本at that time 在当时at sunset在日落时at daybreak 日出时At the beginning of…在…开始At the end of 在…结尾（11）部分介词（a）in在……里，out在……外，在旁边的是beside，靠近的为by 。
完形填空考纲解读：完形填空是一种综合测试，涉及的知识面很广，是用来测试考生的阅读理解能力和综合应用语言的能力。
湖南高考英语完形填空题遵循了“突出语篇，强调应用，注重实际”的设题思路，遵循了“以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇语境化”的命题原则。
注重考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对英语语言综合运用能力和对英语基础知识确切掌握水平，注重文章内容的生活化，语言的交际性；旨在检测考生在语篇中灵活运用语言知识的能力；要求考生通读全文，掌握文章大意，运用词汇、语法等知识，选择最佳选项，使文章意思畅通，结构完整。
命题分析：在选材上主要以记叙文、夹叙夹议型的文章为主，伴之以说明文和议论文。
所选材料源于生活，时代感强，语言地道，内容健康，情节丰富，寓意深刻，常涉及人物的心理活动描写，集知识、文化、教育和娱乐为一体，具有极强的可读性。
词数大多在260—340，难度低于与阅读理解部分的文段。
其具体的特点有：1．情节完整，语境性强尽管文章有意挖去了一些词或短语，使信息链中断，造成间隔性的语义空白，但仍不失为一篇表达完整的文章。
完形填空题一般为记叙文、说明文和记叙加议论的文章。
记叙文具有很强的故事性，故事情节涉及时间、地点、人物、过程、结局等基本要素。
说明文一般开篇点题，段落之间承上启下，过渡自然连贯。
无论哪种体裁，都提供完整的语篇信息。
此外，“词不离句，句不离文”是完形填空最突出的一个特点。
很多时候，所给的四个选项从语法角度来看都正确，或者没有明显的语法错误，但单独从此空所在的句子很难作出判断。
题目的设置绝大多数是就近暗示，如关键词、短语、甚至是标点符号，都有可能是答题的突破口。
如 and, or, however, but 等前后连接成分的同义或反义关系； that i, in other word 等的解释说明作用；还有的以句子形式出现，通过上下句的对照可找到答案。
2．以意义填空为主试题在着重考查学生阅读理解能力的前提下，兼顾对语言知识、常识、逻辑推理能力的考查。
湖南高考英语完型填空(Ⅱ)应试方法与技巧一、题型解读英语语言知识的第三节为完型填空(II)，本节侧重考查考生语感以及语言的衔接、连贯、结构等语言知识运用的能力。
分析此措辞，再比较完形填空第一节和第二节，可知：1. 从考查的内容来看，第一节侧重考查词汇在语篇、语境中运用,关键词是“语义”；而第二节考查功能语法，即侧重于考词汇在篇章中的交际功能, 关键词是“衔接, 连贯”。
2. 从题型的形式看，第一节给定四个选项供考生选择，其中有一个正确选项；而第二节只给出空缺，没有选项，要求考生根据语境和自己已有的语法与词汇知识来填空，这对考生的语言知识的提取和运用能力提出了更高的要求。
3. 单词的拼写能力和词形变换能力也是一个很重要的考查方向。
二、命题特点共8个小题，每题1.5分，满分12分。
要求7分钟内完成。
短文长度150~240词，设空平均间距17词左右，考查语境，侧重运用。
尽量避免名词和动词，答案不一定唯一。
三、能力要求有篇章结构意识,在语境和语篇中理解句子内部结构,找出句与句、段与段之间的内容联系,把握细微区别.具体体现在：1. The ability of reading discourse阅读/理解语篇的能力2. Analysis of sentence structure 分析句子结构的能力3. The ability to use grammar 熟练运用语法的能力解题思路：What‟s the usual way you fulfill the task?我们在做完形填空(二)时, 可以从词性、词形两方面入手。
一．根据句子结构，确定词性e.g.(1) Keeping in touch with our friends is an important part of friendship. This does not mean that 48. have to write or call our friends every day. （2012）(2) 55. is important is that we let others know we care about them. （2012）解题技巧技巧1：词性1.缺冠词冠词考点：不定冠词、定冠词的基本用法和固定搭配。
e.g.1)The ball is made of 51 special material, ethylene-vinyl acetate foam. （2013）2）Some like to call their friends, sometimes many times 50. day. （2012）3) I remember taking 48 English class in college on the short story. （2011）4) Sometimes it is necessary for a parent to write 49 after-school note for their children. （2010）2. 缺代词代词考点: 人称代词（主/宾）,不定代词、（形容词/ 名词性）物主代词，反身代词，替代词, it的用法等。
e.g.1). Keeping in touch with our friends is an important part of friendship. This does not mean that 48. have to write or call our friends every day. （2012）2). Some like to call their friends, sometimes many times 50. day. Others prefer to e-mail their friends. Still 51. prefer writing letters so that they can include photos or interesting articles 52. the envelopes along with their letters. （2012）3. 缺介词介词考点：常用介词的基本用法及在语境中的活用；固定搭配。
e.g.1）In this way, everyone will live 55 peace. （2014）2) Although it costs more to produce 55 a typical soccer ball, Jahnigen estimates the One World Futbol can last 30 years. （2013）3) Going to college helps build a strong mind, which leads 55 greater success in one…s life.（2012）4. 缺形容词或副词形容词副词考点：形容词作定语和表语；比较级和最高级。
_______修饰名词；_____________修饰adj./ v.或整个句子；e.g.1) A note is often a 51 way to “talk” with a child than using the telephone. （2010）2) Finally, cell phones can be turned 55 or telephone calls not answered. （2010）3) It‟s lightweight, it‟s flexible, and—52 important—it holds its shape.（2013）5. 缺连词连词考点1：并列连词：and, but, or, while, so, for等。
2：从属连词：wh- 连接词及其他各大从句引导词(从属连词)e.g.1) People should not do things 50 will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily. For example, television sets need not be played at full volume (音量）51 loud pop music should not be played very late at night. (2014)2) 52 was rich in matador(隐喻）and character development, while the other was humorous 53 too shallow. (2011)二．根据上下文意义及语法，确定词形英语和汉语最大的不同在于英语有词形变化。
词形变化主要涉及动词、代词、形容词、副词和名词。
当确定所填的词是名词时，就要考虑是可数还是不可数名词，是单数还是复数名词。
形容词有原级、比较级和最高级。
如果是动词就要更加小心。
首先要判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，主动还是被动，是现在分词还是过去分词，还是不定式。
代词则要考虑是主格还是宾格。
e.g.1)A note is often a 51 way to “talk” with a chil d than using the telephone. （2010）2) It‟s lightweight, it‟s flexible, and—52 important—it holds its shape.（2013）【总结】解题四步走：1通读全文,理解大意2分析句子,确定词性3根据语义, 确定词形4检查搭配, 前后连贯四步走归根到底其实就是寻找依据．每一个要填的空格里所需的单词或短语其实都可以在所在的句子中或者上下文中找到它的依据【即学即用】1用恰当的词填空:1). I didn‟t break the window purpose; I broke it accident.2). My view is quite similar yours.3). Our teacher is always strict _____us _____ our homework.4). Eat one you like and leave the others for comes in late.5). He‟ll give you you want.6). I don‟t like the way you laugh at her.7)．he hoped he would, he saw the famous singer.8)．It won‟t be long he returns from abroad.9). ----Why were you absent?---- I was not well.10).There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ______.11).The CDs are on sale! Buy one and get _____completely free.12). I knew ______ John Lennon, but not ______ famous one.13). Mrs. Taylor has ___ 8-year-old daughter who has ____ gift for painting—she has won two national prizes.14). Lily was 9 years old. _____ was old enough to go to school ________.15). I invited Joe and Linda to dinner, but ______ of them came.16). There‟s _____ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _____?17). Bob never does his homework as ________as Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.18). My elder sister is two years _______ than I.19).Many people think the computer is a ______useful invention.专题训练：一When kids in parts of the world want to play, they often make soccer balls out of trash tied together with string. “48 the areas used for playing fields are often rough and rocky, millions of real balls go flat (变瘪) 49 24 hours,”says Tim Jahnigen, a California businessman. Determined to solve this problem, 50 created an indestructible ball called the One World Futbol.The ball is made of 51 special material, ethylene-vinyl acetate foam. It‟s lightweight, it‟s flexible, and—52 important—it holds its shape.The One World Futbol needs no pump 53 won‟t wear out, even on rough surfaces. When tested, 54 withstood (经受住) being crushed by a car, and even being chewed on by a lion.Although it costs more to produce 55 a typical soccer ball, Jahnigen estimates the One World Futbol can last 30 years. So far, it‟s been given to kids in 143 countries.（2013湖南卷）二Most Americans don‟t like to get advice 1___________members of their family. Th ey get advice from “strangers”. 2_______ they need advice, they don‟t usually go to people they know. 3__________ , many of them write letters to newspapers and magazines 4_________ give advice on many different subjects, including family problems, the use of language, health, cooking, childcare, clothes, and even on 5_________ to buy a house or a car.Most newspapers regularly print letters from readers 6_______ problems. Along with the letters there are answers written by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors, 7__________ are lawyers or educators. But two of the 8_______ famous writers of advice are women without special training for this kind of work.三When you take a walk in any of the cities in the West, you often see a lot of people walking dogs.1. is still true that a dog is the2. useful and faithful animal in the world,3. ____the reason why people keep a dog has changed. In the old days people used to train dogs to protect themselves against animal attacks. And later they came to realize that a dog was not4. useful for protection but willing to obey his master. But now people in the city need not protect themselves against attacks of animals.5. do they keep dogs, then? Some people keep dogs to protect themselves from robbery. But the most important reason is6. companionship. A dog is his best friend for7.______ child when he has no friends to play with. For young couples, a dog is their child when they have8.______children. For old couples, a dog is also their child when their real children have grown up.四I used to work in a hospital as a pharmacy technician(药剂师). 48 was part of my duty to go around the nursing stations to pick up orders(订单) 49 deliver(派送) medicine. Once I was on my way to a nursing station, I met an elderly lady, 50 was sitting outside a room crying. I stopped to ask if she was Okay. She said her husband was dying in the room. So I just sat there for 51 while, holding her hand and listening to her. This was 52 I would do every time I saw her. Then one day I saw her sitting there, and she wasn‟t crying any 53 . She told me that her husband had died the night before. I asked her why she was still there. She replied, “I came back to say thank you for just being there, listening to me and helping me through this.” I hugged her and wished her well. I walked away with tears 54 my eyes and a heart filled with joy 55 I had been able to help someone through her darkest days.。
