Reference answers(参考答案)

2018英语专四真题及参考答案Introduction:The 2018 English Proficiency Test for Professionals Level Four (referred to as the "Proficient Four" hereafter) is an important examination for individuals seeking to assess and demonstrate their proficiency in the English language. This article aims to provide an overview of the 2018 Proficient Four exam, including its structure and content, as well as offer reference answers for selected sections.Section One: Listening ComprehensionThe Listening Comprehension section is designed to assess candidates' ability to understand spoken English in various contexts. It consists of multiple-choice questions, with each question followed by three possible answers. Candidates are required to select the most suitable option based on what they hear.Sample Question:You will hear a conversation between a customer and a bank teller. What does the customer want to do?A) Open a new accountB) Apply for a mortgageC) Withdraw money from her current accountReference Answer: C) Withdraw money from her current accountSection Two: Cloze TestThe Cloze Test evaluates candidates' understanding and command of vocabulary and grammar. In this section, candidates need to fill in the gaps in a provided passage with the appropriate words or phrases. The passage is typically related to everyday life or general knowledge.Sample Passage:(Paragraph 1)Life is full of opportunities that require individuals to step out of their comfort zones and embrace change. Whether it's pursuing a new career, relocating to a different city, or starting a family, change is inevitable and often necessary for personal growth.(Paragraph 2)However, many individuals tend to resist change due to fear of the unknown. They may feel comfortable remaining within familiar boundaries, but this can hinder their development and limit their potential. Stepping beyond these self-imposed limitations can lead to new experiences, knowledge, and perspectives.Reference Answer (one possible answer):(Paragraph 1)Life is full of opportunities that require individuals to step out of their comfort zones and embrace change. Whether it's pursuing a new career, relocating to a different city, or starting a family, change is inevitable and often necessary for personal growth.(Paragraph 2)However, many individuals tend to resist change due to fear of the unknown. They may feel comfortable remaining within familiar boundaries, but this can hinder their development and limit their potential. Stepping beyond these self-imposed limitations can lead to new experiences, knowledge, and perspectives.Section Three: Reading ComprehensionThe Reading Comprehension section aims to assess candidates' ability to comprehend and analyze written English texts. It comprises multiple-choice questions based on a variety of reading passages, including newspaper articles, opinion pieces, and academic essays.Sample Question:According to the passage, what is the main cause of environmental pollution?A) Industrial emissionsB) UrbanizationC) DeforestationReference Answer: A) Industrial emissionsSection Four: WritingThe Writing section evaluates candidates' ability to express ideas clearly and coherently in written English. There are typically two tasks: an essay and a letter or email. Candidates are expected to demonstrate their ability to organize their thoughts, use appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and convey a logical argument or message.Sample Task 1: EssayWrite an essay discussing the advantages and disadvantages of social media in today's society.Sample Reference Answer (one possible approach):In the era of technological advancement, social media has become an integral part of our daily lives. It offers numerous advantages, such as facilitating communication, information sharing, and networking. On the other hand, it also has its drawbacks, including privacy concerns and the potential for misinformation. This essay will explore both the positive and negative aspects of social media and present a balanced perspective.Sample Task 2: EmailWrite an email to your professor requesting an extension for your assignment due to unforeseen circumstances.Sample Reference Answer:Dear Professor,I hope this email finds you well. I am writing to discuss a matter regarding the assignment due tomorrow. Unfortunately, I have encountered unforeseen circumstances that have significantly disrupted my ability to complete the task on time. I would greatly appreciate it if you could kindly grant me an extension of two days.Thank you for your understanding, and I apologize for any inconvenience caused.Yours sincerely,[Your Name]Conclusion:The 2018 English Proficiency Test for Professionals Level Four is a comprehensive examination that assesses candidates' language skills in various areas, including listening, reading, writing, and vocabulary. The sample questions and reference answers provided above aim to assist candidates in their preparation for this exam. Remember to practice regularly, seek additional resources, and familiarize yourself with the exam structure to maximize your chances of success. Good luck!。

新视野大学英语1第三版听说教程答案U2U2_A Break for FunSharing 1Reference answersThe people in the podcast mainly talk about how often they go to the cinema and what films they saw last time. They also talk about their favorite films, actors, and actresses.ScriptsF=Finn; M1=Man 1, etc.; W1=woman 1, etc.Part 1F: I love films. I love going to the cinema. I go at least once a week. How about you? How often do you go to the cinema?M1: Uh, on average, probably once a month.W1: I like going to the cinema a lot, but probably only get there about once a month. M2: Not very often. But I do go occasionally.M3:I go to the cinema, probably once or twice a month.W2: I go to the cinema about once a week during thesummertime, usually when there are the best movies. M4: We probably go together, maybe once a fortnight. M5: I go, normally, probably once every month or two months, but it depends on the film.M6: I go to the cinema about once every fortnight. Often I’ll go on a Wednesday because we get “buy one get one free” cinema tickets, so I can take a friend with me.Part 2F: What kind of films do you like?W1: I always like romantic comedies. Slumdog Millionaire was a great movie. Australia was a movieI saw recently which was really good.M1: …probably recommend, er, the new Terminator movie. Er, that’s once again filled with action. Very exciting.M5: I like old films. I…I’ve a complete collection of John Wayne and Charlton Heston… And musicals, anything that’s quite happy or adventurous, that takes me away from real life. Those are the onesI watch.W2: I saw The Proposal not too long ago and I reallyliked it. It was really interesting; it was a really funny, romantic comedy.M3: Sweeney Todd. I really enjoyed with Johnny Depp – simply because h was fantastic; and Helena Bonham Carter one of my favorite actresses, was also really good.M4: I’d recommendThe Graduate. I enjoyed that as a young man and .. and growing up as well. I think it’s a “coming of age” film.M6: My favorite film is called Golden Eye. It’s a James Bond film and I think the action scenes are just absolutely fantastic in it.2Answers1) once a month 2) Not very often 3) once or twice 4) once a week 5) once very month 6) every fortnight 3Answers 1) romantic 2) great3) recommend 4) action 5) collection 6) real life 7) scenes 8) fantasticscripts part 3F: Who’s your favorite actor?M5: John Wayne’s my favorite actor.M6: My favorite actor is the new James Bond, er, Daniel Craig. I think he’s very good at showing emotions in his films. My favorite actress is called Angelina Jolie. She’s very beautiful, but she’s also played lots of different roles in films.M3: My favorite actor is Jonny Depp because I think he’s funny and I think he’s lively and he always has energy on stage.W2: My favorite actor is Brad Pitt. He’s very good-looking and he can play many different roles and he’s very talented.M4: My favorite film star’s Robert DeNiro because I look like him. 4Answers1-c 2-d 3-a 4-b 5Reference answers1. The like the movie because the music is fantastic. And I enjoy Dustin Hoffman’sgreat performance, which shows many aspects of the hero’s rich character.2. I prefer watching DVD movies at home because itsaves both money and time. I have thefreedom to choose what I would like to watch. /I prefer going to the cinema because itprovides better sound effects. Besides, with more people around, the atmosphere is much better than whenI watch movies alone at home.3. My favorite movie star is Sandra Bullock. I like her because she is beautiful and herperformance is natural. I love her warm smiles as well. Every time I see her smile, Icouldn't help smiling too.Listening ScriptsI=interviewer Part 1I: Hello and welcome to Fashion Now, with me, Dan Taylor. In today’s program, we ask the question, “what is beauty?” Do men today really like women with blonde hair and blue eyes? And do women like the James bond look – tall, dark and very masculine, or do they like something different now? are ideas about beauty changing? We went out to see what you really think… Before you listen 1AnswersThe program is about ideas of beauty. 2AnswersDo men today really like women with blonde / black hair and brown /blue eyes? And do women like the James Bond look –tall, grey / dark and very masculine/feminine, or do they like something different now? While you listen ScriptsI=Interviewer; W1=Woman 1, etc.; M1=Man 1, etc. Part 2I: Excuse me, ladies. Do you have a moment? W1: Yes? I: Just a quick question. Research says that these days women prefer men with feminine faces… W1: Really? I: Yes. It’s true… honestly!W1: Idon't agree at all. I like masculine faces…I: Can I show you some photos? W1: sure.I: So which of these guys do you like best?W1: Hmm, Sean Connery. He’s definitely the best-looking man here. And he’s tall, isn’t he? Yeah…I like tall men. And I like a man with a beard. I: Uh-huh. What about you?W2: Mm. I’m not sure. I like this one. Hats his name?I: IT’s Gael Garcia Bernal. H’s a Mexican film star.W2: Yeah? Well, he’s got quite a feminine face and he’s very good-looking. I like his eyes – he’s got dark brown eyes and I like men with dark eyes and black hair. But I think it’s more in the personality… in the smile… so I like this one best. Will Smith. He’s got a really nice smile. I: Thank you. And here’s another lady. Excuse me. Have you got a moment? W3: Well…I: I’m doing a survey about the changing face of beauty. Can I ask you some questions? W3: Yes, OK. Yes. I: I’ve got some photos here. Can you tell me whichof these people you like? Do you think any of them are good-looking?W3: Well, I don’t really like any of them…I: No? r, well, so what sort of man do you like? W3: What sort of man do I like? Well, my husband’s over there. I think he’s good-looking. I like his hair. I love guys with red hair.I: Which one? The one looking in the ship window? W3: No, he’s over there. He’s wearing a whiteT-shirt and he’s talking to…that blonde woman Excuse me…I: And then I talked to some men to find out if they really prefer blondes –just like they did 50 years ago. Do you think it’s true that men prefer blondes, sir? M1: What? No, not at all! Beauty comes in all shapes and sizes and ages. Look at this photo of Judi Dench. She’s lovely. She isn’t young, but she’s got beautiful grey eyes and she always wears beautiful clothes. She looks kind and intelligent.M2: Yeah, she does. But I still prefer blondes, you know… like Scarlett Johansson. She’s lovely.. slim, blonde hair, blue eyes – that’s the sort of woman I like. M1: Scarlett Johansson, slim? M2: Well, OK…but she’s not fat. M1: No, that’s true…I: OK, guys. Thanks for talking to us (3)AnswersWoman 1: Sean ConneryWoman 2: Gael Garcia Bernal and Will Smith Man 1: Judi DenchMan 2: Scarlett Johansson 4AnswersSpeakers height/build hair/beard eyes other aspectsWoman 11)tall with a beard / 2)masculine face/best-looking Woman 2 / 3)black hair 4)dark brown feminine face/good-looking/nicesmileWoman 3 / 5)red hair / good-looking Man 1 / / 6)grey lovely/beautiful clothes/kind andintelligentMan 27)slim8)blonde hair blue 9)lovelyAfter you listen 5Reference answers1. The man I like should be strong and fit, withouta beard. And he should not have long hair.The woman I like most is someone who is slim and healthy. She should have long hair and big eyes. And I like girls who smile a lot. I believe everyone has something beautiful about them, regardless of age, race, gender, size, ability, etc. I don’t think being lighteror slimmer equals beauty. Instead, I think the inner self counts a lot more than outer appearance. Virtues such as honesty, hard-working, and willingness to help make one a beautiful person. / beauty is what we see and feel. So my idea of beauty is what is pleasing to the eyes. As long as it makes you feel good, it is beauty. So both inner qualities and body features are important factors to make one look beautiful. Of course, what one considers beautiful may not appear the same to someone else. That is why beauty standards are different from person to person, culture to culture and time to time.2. The ideas of beauty have changed over the past several decades in China. Truly, on the onehand, many still stick to the idea that one’s inner quality counts more than outer appearance. Honesty, hard-working, generosity, and kindness are considered inner beauty. On the other hand, more and more people think outer appearance is more important. Nowadays, many people, especially young people, hold some new ideas about beauty. For example, long straight black hair used to be thought as one feature of beauty, but now young people want to look stylish by having theirhair curled and dyed. They follow the fashion tread and put fashionable clothes and wear make-up. More people are afraid of not looking attractive enough. So they go on diet to look thinner and receive some cosmetic surgeries to look better. Still many others realize that it is important to live a healthy lifestyle and learn to love their own body for its uniqueness.3. I don’t think it is wise to judge a person by his/her appearance because appearance issuperficial. Sometimes the appearance of a person may mislead your judgment when it doesn't match well with the inner part of that person. For example, an ordinary-looking person can be a scientist, a hero, or a great thinker. Just as the proverb goes, “Never judge a book by its cover.”The greatness of a book lies in its content instead of its cover. So it is with a person. Instead of focusing only on one’s appearance, we should get to know more about that person’s education, life experiences and life attitude before we make any judgment.ViewingBefore you view 1Reference answers 1. It is a music festivalM: No surprise to me. You have earned it. While others are at parties, you are in the library. Q: What does the man mean?Answers1D 2B 3C 4A 5DLong conversation ScriptsM: After such a tiring week, I can’t wait to havea rest and relax a little this weekend.W: Me too, Mr. Simpson. So what are you doing this weekend? Looks like it’ll be nice weather for sailing. M: Yes, Mary, I hope it stays this sunny. I’m going out to the beach and spending all weekend surfing. W: You, sir? Surfing?M: Haha, I bet you think I’m too old for surfing! I’ve been surfing since I was 11, and It’s still my favorite activity. The cool blue waves, the smell of the sea, just take me back to when I was a teenager free from care.. I forget all my troubles. By Sunday night,I fall into a deep sleep, sore and tired, without a carein the world.W: That’s really nice. I’m going to the beach, too. I love relaxing in the warm sun, watching my niece and nephew play in the sand and jump in the waves. They’ll tire themselves out building sand castles, collecting seashells, and trying to bury each other in the sand.M:Oh, I remember building sand castles with my brothers… such great fun. How old are little Timmy and Monica now?W: Tim’s five and Monica’s three. M: Wow, kids grow up so fast!Q1: Why is surfing the man’s favorite activity? Q2: What is the woman going to do this weekend? Q3: what does the woman love doing?Q4: what does the man remember doing with his brothers?Answers:1D 2C 3B 4CPassage 1 ScriptsPeople in Britain enjoy various leisure activities including watching TV, seeing friends and relatives,listening to music, shopping, listening to the radio, gardening, doing sports, reading, and so on. The latest data from a survey show that in 2010, 89 percent of all adults watched television in their free time. Spending time with family and friends was the second most popular activity at 84 percent, listening to music came nextat 76 percent, and shopping was fourth at 71 percent. Truly, the most common leisure activity in the UK has been watching average viewing time is 25 hours per person per week. Many television programs are about wildlife,animals, holidays, cooking and gardening. All these things are much valued by British people. The second most popular activity in Britain is visiting or entertaining friends or relatives. Actually, in the survey, those aged 25 to 34 reported spending time with friends and family as their tip activity. Besides, many British people like to listen to music. Among those aged16 to 24 spending time listening to music was selectedas their top activity.Younger people tend to have different hobbies from old people. According to the survey, comparing the 16to 24 age group with those aged 55 and over, the activities which were reported less frequently as age increased were listening to music; surfing the Internet and emailing; doing sports and exercise; going out to pubs, clubs or bars; and going out to the cinema. For example, people aged 16 to 24 spent more than 3 hours a day using a computer while those aged 55 and over spent only 1 hour and 12 minutes. Again comparing the youngest and oldest age groups, the activities which were reported more frequently as age increased were reading and gardening.Q1: According to the survey, what percentage of British adults watched TV in their free time? Q2: Which age group would be the most likely to visit their friends and relatives?Q3: What does the speaker say about listening to music as a leisure activity for British people? Q4: According to the survey, how are leisure activities related to age?Answers:1A 2B 3A 4CPassage 2Scripts and answersPeople joke that no one in Los Angeles reads; everyone watches TV, rents videos, or goes to the movies. The most popular reading materials are 1)comic books, movie magazines, and TV guides. City libraries have only 10 percent of the 2)traffic that car washes have. But how do you explain this? A yearly book festival in west Los Angeles is 3)constantly“sold out” year after year. People wait half an hour for a parking space to become 4)available. This outdoor festival, supported by a newspaper, takes place every April for one weekend. This year, about 70,000 people 5)took part in the festival on Saturday and 75,000 on Sunday. The festival 6)attracted 280 exhibitors. There were about 90 talks given by authors, with an 7)audience question-and-answer period following each talk. A food court sold all kinds of local foods, from hotdogs to ice drinks. Except for a $7 parking fee, the festival was 8)free of charge. Even so, some people take their own sandwiches and drinks to avoid the high prices of the food court.The idea for holding the festival in Los Angeleswas 9)put forward years ago, but nobody knew if it would succeed. Although book festivals were already popular in other US cities, would people in this city 10)embrace one? “Fortunately, they do,” said one of the festival founders.U2_A Break for FunSharing 1Reference answersThe people in the podcast mainly talk about how often they go to the cinema and what films they saw last time. They also talk about their favorite films, actors, and actresses.ScriptsF=Finn; M1=Man 1, etc.; W1=woman 1, etc.Part 1F: I love films. I love going to the cinema. I go at least once a week. How about you? How often do you go to the cinema?M1: Uh, on average, probably once a month.W1: I like going to the cinema a lot, but probably only get there about once a month. M2: Not very often.But I do go occasionally.M3:I go to the cinema, probably once or twice a month.W2: I go to the cinema about once a week during the summertime, usually when there are the best movies. M4: We probably go together, maybe once a fortnight. M5: I go, normally, probably once every month or two months, but it depends on the film.M6: I go to the cinema about once every fortnight. Often I’ll go on a Wednesday because we get “buy one get one free” cinema tickets, so I can take a friend with me.Part 2F: What kind of films do you like?W1: I always like romantic comedies. Slumdog Millionaire was a great movie. Australia was a movieI saw recently which was really good.M1: …probably recommend, er, the new Terminator movie. Er, that’s once again filled with action. Very exciting.M5: I like old films. I…I’ve a complete collection of John Wayne and Charlton Heston… Andmusicals, anything that’s quite happy or adventurous, that takes me away from real life. Those are the ones I watch.W2: I saw The Proposal not too long ago and I really liked it. It was really interesting; it was a really funny, romantic comedy.M3: Sweeney Todd. I really enjoyed with Johnny Depp – simply because h was fantastic; and Helena Bonham Carter one of my favorite actresses, was also really good.M4: I’d recommendThe Graduate. I enjoyed that as a young man and .. and growing up as well. I think it’s a “coming of age” film.M6: My favorite film is called Golden Eye. It’s a James Bond film and I think the action scenes are just absolutely fantastic in it.2Answers1) once a month 2) Not very often 3) once or twice 4) once a week 5) once very month 6) every fortnight 3Answers 1) romantic 2) great3) recommend 4) action 5) collection 6) real life 7) scenes 8) fantasticscripts part 3F: Who’s your favorite actor?M5: John Wayne’s my favorite actor.M6: My favorite actor is the new James Bond, er, Daniel Craig. I think he’s very good at showing emotions in his films. My favorite actress is called Angelina Jolie. She’s very beautiful, but she’s also played lots of different roles in films.M3: My favorite actor is Jonny Depp because I think he’s funny and I think he’s lively and he always has energy on stage.W2: My favorite actor is Brad Pitt. He’s very good-looking and he can play many different roles and he’s very talented.M4: My favorite film star’s Robert DeNiro because I look like him. 4Answers1-c 2-d 3-a 4-b 5Reference answers1. The like the movie because the music isfantastic. And I enjoy Dustin Hoffman’sgreat performance, which shows many aspects of the hero’s rich character.2. I prefer watching DVD movies at home because it saves both money and time. I have thefreedom to choose what I would like to watch. /I prefer going to the cinema because itprovides better sound effects. Besides, with more people around, the atmosphere is much better than whenI watch movies alone at home.3. My favorite movie star is Sandra Bullock. I like her because she is beautiful and herperformance is natural. I love her warm smiles as well. Every time I see her smile, Icouldn't help smiling too.Listening ScriptsI=interviewer Part 1I: Hello and welcome to Fashion Now, with me, Dan Taylor. In today’s program, we ask the question, “what is beauty?” Do men today really like women with blonde hair and blue eyes? And do women like the James bond look – tall, dark and very masculine, or do they likesomething different now? are ideas about beauty changing? We went out to see what you really think…Before you listen 1AnswersThe program is about ideas of beauty. 2AnswersDo men today really like women with blonde / black hair and brown /blue eyes? And do women like the James Bond look –tall, grey / dark and very masculine/feminine, or do they like something different now? While you listen ScriptsI=Interviewer; W1=Woman 1, etc.; M1=Man 1, etc. Part 2I: Excuse me, ladies. Do you have a moment? W1: Yes? I: Just a quick question. Research says that these days women prefer men with feminine faces… W1: Really? I: Yes. It’s true… honestly!W1: Idon't agree at all. I like masculine faces…I: Can I show you some photos? W1: sure.I: So which of these guys do you like best?W1: Hmm, Sean Connery. He’s definitely the best-looking man here. And he’s tall, isn’t he? Yeah…I like tall men. And I like a man with a beard. I: Uh-huh. What about you?W2: Mm. I’m not sure. I like this one. Hats his name?I: IT’s Gael Garcia Bernal. H’s a Mexican film star.W2: Yeah? Well, he’s got quite a feminine face and he’s very good-looking. I like his eyes – he’s got dark brown eyes and I like men with dark eyes and black hair. But I think it’s more in the personality… in the smile… so I like this one best. Will Smith. He’s got a really nice smile. I: Thank you. And here’s another lady. Excuse me. Have you got a moment? W3: Well…I: I’m doing a survey about the changing face of beauty. Can I ask you some questions? W3: Yes, OK. Yes. I: I’ve got some photos here. Can you tell me whichof these people you like? Do you think any of them are good-looking?W3: Well, I don’t really like any of them…I: No? r, well, so what sort of man do you like? W3: What sort of man do I like? Well, my husband’s over there. I think he’s good-looking. I like his hair. I love guys with red hair.I: Which one? The one looking in the ship window? W3: No, he’s over there. He’s wearing a whiteT-shirt and he’s talking to…that blonde woman Excuse me…I: And then I talked to some men to find out if they really prefer blondes –just like they did 50 years ago. Do you think it’s true that men prefer blondes, sir? M1: What? No, not at all! Beauty comes in all shapes and sizes and ages. Look at this photo of Judi Dench. She’s lovely. She isn’t young, but she’s got beautiful grey eyes and she always wears beautiful clothes. She looks kind and intelligent.M2: Yeah, she does. But I still prefer blondes, you know… like Scarlett Johansson. She’s lovely.. slim, blonde hair, blue eyes – that’s the sort of woman I like. M1: Scarlett Johansson, slim? M2: Well, OK…but she’s not fat. M1: No, that’s true…I: OK, guys. Thanks for talking to us (3)AnswersWoman 1: Sean ConneryWoman 2: Gael Garcia Bernal and Will Smith Man 1: Judi DenchMan 2: Scarlett Johansson 4AnswersSpeakers height/build hair/beard eyes other aspectsWoman 11)tall with a beard / 2)masculine face/best-looking Woman 2 / 3)black hair 4)dark brown feminine face/good-looking/nicesmileWoman 3 / 5)red hair / good-looking Man 1 / / 6)grey lovely/beautiful clothes/kind andintelligentMan 27)slim8)blonde hair blue 9)lovelyAfter you listen 5Reference answers1. The man I like should be strong and fit, withouta beard. And he should not have long hair.The woman I like most is someone who is slim andhealthy. She should have long hair and big eyes. AndI like girls who smile a lot. I believe everyone has something beautiful about them, regardless of age, race, gender, size, ability, etc. I don’t think being lighter or slimmer equals beauty. Instead, I think the inner self counts a lot more than outer appearance. Virtues such as honesty, hard-working, and willingness to help make one a beautiful person. / beauty is what we see and feel. So my idea of beauty is what is pleasing to the eyes. As long as it makes you feel good, it is beauty. So both inner qualities and body features are important factors to make one look beautiful. Of course, what one considers beautiful may not appear the same to someone else. That is why beauty standards are different from person to person, culture to culture and time to time.2. The ideas of beauty have changed over the past several decades in China. Truly, on the onehand, many still stick to the idea that one’s inner quality counts more than outer appearance. Honesty, hard-working, generosity, and kindness are considered inner beauty. On the other hand, more and more people think outer appearance is more important. Nowadays,many people, especially young people, hold some new ideas about beauty. For example, long straight black hair used to be thought as one feature of beauty, but now young people want to look stylish by having their hair curled and dyed. They follow the fashion tread and put fashionable clothes and wear make-up. More people are afraid of not looking attractive enough. So they go on diet to look thinner and receive some cosmetic surgeries to look better. Still many others realize that it is important to live a healthy lifestyle and learn to love their own body for its uniqueness.3. I don’t think it is wise to judge a person by his/her appearance because appearance issuperficial. Sometimes the appearance of a person may mislead your judgment when it doesn't match well with the inner part of that person. For example, an ordinary-looking person can be a scientist, a hero, or a great thinker. Just as the proverb goes, “Never judge a book by its cover.”The greatness of a book lies in its content instead of its cover. So it is with a person. Instead of focusing only on one’s appearance, we should get to know more about that person’s education, lifeexperiences and life attitude before we make any judgment.ViewingBefore you view 1Reference answers 1. It is a music festival。

Key to U1Listening to the worldSharing1.Reference answers: The podcast is mainly about the things people are learning at the momentand the most difficult thing they have ever learned.2.1) new things 2) At the moment 3) quite difficult3.True statements: 1,3,7,84.1) I have ever learned 2) found 3) a combination 4) body movements5) Learning to drive 6) nine cases 7) by most standards 8) French 7) hatedListening2. e-c-a-g-d-h-b-f3. 1) speak 2) saying the wrong thing 3) practice speaking/ talking to himself4) making mistakes 5) native speakers 6) pronunciation 7) listening skills8) listening and reading4. 1) embarrassed; hear 2) anything you like; going for the weekend3) voice; pronunciation 4) how it sounds; the news; English television5) on the Internet 6) sound like; native speakerViewing1.(2)2.1) The results of the 1932 test were 2) the same as they were in 19323) the exam they have done 4) well3. D A B A DSpeaking for communicationRole-play1.(1)2.G R G R G R RFurther ListeningShort conversations1. B2. D3. D4. C5. ALong conversation1. C2. D3. A4. CPassage 11. D2. A3. C4. DPassage 21.alternative2. numerous3. traditional4. academic5. countryside6.athletes7. take advantage of8. Secondary9. in a collective effort7.10. serve asKey to U2Listening to the worldSharing5.Reference answers: The podcast is mainly about people’s traveling experiences and whatthey like and don’t like about travelling.6.1) different countries 2) home 3) new places 4) new cultures7.True statements: 1, 4, 58.1) mature 2) airport 3) theatre 4) scenery 5) culture 6) language9.1) B 2) A 3) E 4) C 5) F 6) DListening2. Reference answers:1) The city is slowly sinking.2) Venice is sinking at a rate of two and a half inches every decade.3) Barriers are being put in to try and stop the water getting too high.4) It is a temporary measure.5) Put pressure on the government to spend the money it needs to find a permanent solutionto the problem.3. True statements: 3, 4, 5Viewing2. D B B C D3. 1) busy, shopping 2) bars, need 3) spaces, friendliness 4) elegant, expensive5) views 6) beaches, cheap 7) changing, sunset 8) criedSpeaking for communicationRole-play3.True statement: 34.1) trying to get to 2) takes about 10 minutes 3) looking for 4) right way5) take the first left 6) until you reach 7) want to get to 8) Is it far9) Go left 10) on the leftGroup discussion1.1) isolated 2) far 3) plane 4) three months 5) culture6) way of life 7) speak to 8) find out 9) history 10) dreamsFurther ListeningShort conversations2. A 2. D3. B4. C5. DLong conversation2. A 2. D3. C4. APassage 12. D 2. A3. B4. DPassage 22.scared 2. perceive3. negative4. result in5. lose faith in8.goes down 7. depressed 8. preferably 9. adapt 10. revealKey to Unit 3Listening to the worldSharing10.Reference answers: The podcast is mainly about what people like doing in their free time andwhat they are going to do this weekend.11.1) concerts 2) a bar 3) band12.1) keep fit 2) the theater 3) small children 4) seeing friends5) eating and drinking 6) houses 7) having friends around 8) a jazz club9) love to read 10) oil painting 11) playing the guitar 12) watching films 13.True statements: 1, 6Listening2. 1) see a free art exhibition 2) going to a concert 3) having dinner4) getting the bus home 5) a visit to a museum 6) paintings7) watch the street entertainers 8) watch some comedy 9) comedy clubViewing2. 1) sightseeing 2) beach 3) get away from 4) relaxing5) a dozen 6) fantastic 7) attitude 8) perfect3. 10:00 - b 11:00 - a 13:00 - a16:00 - b 18:00 - a 22:00 - b4. 10:00 - c 11:00 - e 13:00 - f16:00 - b 18:00 - a 22:00 - dSpeaking for communicationRole-play5.Conversation 1: Book a table four Saturday 10 o’clockConversation 2: Change the date of two tickets Starr June 5th June 9thConversation 3: Arrange to have dinner with friends 8:30 Saturday, September 23 Conversation 4: dinner tonight 0988 45673Further ListeningShort conversations3. D 2. C 3. C4. B5. CLong conversation3. D 2. A 3. A4. DPassage 13. A 2. A 3. D4. DPassage 21) objectives 2）farthest 3）recognized 4）separated into 5）involves6）is referred to 7）life-threatening 8）designed 9）endurance 10）putting themselves at riskU4SharingReference answers1.The podcast is mainly about people's attitudes toward being famous,what they'd like to be famous for, and which famous person they'd most like tomeet.2.1)finding out2) a normal person3)feel about fame3.1)(She would love to be famous.)2)√3)√4)√5)(She would like to be a bit famous.)6)(He thought that being famous would be great when he was younger,but now he is not so bothered.)4.1)exciting2)worthwhile3) a model4)real fame5)invention6)in the street5. 1 E 2 F 3 A 4 D 5B 6C6.Reference answers1)• I wouldn't like to be famous because if I were famous, I wouldhave no privacy. I don't like being watched all the time. I hate to have my every move recorded or photographed by paparazzi.• I would like to be famous partly because I would enjoy being the focus of attention, and partly because I would have enough money to do whatever I want.2)*1 would love to be a famous writer, like Shakespeare. I think it's awonderful thing to be able to write a book that people all around the world want to read.• I'd like to be a famous politician. If I were a politician, I would try to change the world, to stop all these wars and do something to help poor countries. You know, I think it's terrible that most politicians don't seem to worry about things like that.3)I'd most like to meet Oprah Winfrey because she is kind andgenerous and willing to help people out during tough times. And more importantly because she has struggled with things we all have experienced andshe has coped with them with dignity.Listening1.1)√2)√3)(Around holiday times a quarter of the people in the UK think aboutchanging jobs.)2.1)advertising2)enjoy the job3)travel4)chance5)go traveling6) a doctor7)have time8)play the piano9)writing songs10)wanted to do11)make more time12)playing her own music3. Reference answers1)• I think it is a good idea for them to make these life changes. The meaning oflife is to make life meaningful. Anita and Jasmin obviously felt bored with what they did every day, and couldn't find contentment, fulfillment and pleasure in their life, so it was the right time for them to make a change. They needed to try something different, something that can bring them new experience, give them a sense of achievement, and revive their passion for life.Even though they are in their 30s, it's never too late for them to pursue what they really want to do in their life. The pursuit of their dreams pushes them forward and inspires them to live life to the fullest.• I think it is too risky for them to make these life changes at such an age, especially for Anita Jacobs who sold her house and gave up her job just to go traveling. I just doubt whether she will be able to make a living when she finishes traveling. It's not unusual for many people to feel bored about doing the same job every day. But the point is that this job pays enough so that we can make a living, and we can have some money put away for retirement after paying the bills and putting food in our mouths. So when the going gets tough,just remember times when we have a peaceful life at home after an eight-hour day.2) A typical example is Bill Gates, the former chief executive of Microsoft, theworld's largest personal-computer software company. Bill Gates enrolled at Harvard University in the fall of 1973, originally thinking of a career in law.He did well there, but he didn't find it interesting. He spent many long nights in front of the school's computer and the next day was asleep in class. When the MITS Altair 8800 based on the Intel 8080 CPU was released in 1974, he and his friend Paul Allen saw this as a great opportunity to start their own computer software company. So Bill Gates dropped out of Harvard to start a business to write software for computers. It was a hard decision but it turned out to be the right choice.Viewing1.Reference answers1)I think the qualities a successful Formula One driver must have includephysical strength and proficiency, mental alertness, quick reaction, endurance, consistency, courage, competitiveness, and appreciation for adventure and speed.2)Lewis Hamilton is ambitious and he always wants to win. Now he has wonmany competitions and becomes a celebrity with fame and glory, so his life isa dream come true.2.1)The sponsors love the face, the attitude, the style and the talent that LewisHamilton has.2)Because it has got a lot of speed in it.3)His ambition as a teenager was to get to Formula One, because he enjoyed thespeed, he liked to be with all the big guys, and he would like to be making lots of money.4)Formula Three is fast, dangerous, and full of young, ambitious drivers. Thebest of the drivers are seen by Formula One managers.3.1) speed2) survive 3) October4) richest4.1) seven 2) four 3) everything5.Reference answers1)People say Lewis Hamilton is a "hero", because he is an incredibly talenteddriver who has made remarkable achievements in his career. In his first season inFormula One, he set numerous records, and was just one point behind the champion in the 2007 Formula One Championship. Then he won the World Championship the following season.I think Lewis Hamilton is a sporting hero because of the excitement and joy thathis courageous performances in 2007 and 2008 have brought to his countless fans.He showed us that in any case we should never give up, even if the conditions are not favorable.2)The sporting hero I admire most is Lang Ping, a former player of ChineseWomen's V olleyball Team, nicknamed "Iron Hammer". She is a beloved sporting hero and one of the most respected people in modern Chinese sports history mainly because of her central role in the success of the Chinese Women's V olleyball Team in the 1980s, including the Gold Medal at the 1984 Olympics, World Championship crown in 1982 and World Cup titles in 1981 and 1985.Speaking for communicationRole-play1.1) White House2) tomorrow afternoon3) a space flight / a flight into space4) next week5) her husband6) 807) three or four8) organize9) this weekend10) restaurant service11) French12) Paris13) directions14) book2. 1R 2 R 3O 4 R 5O 6OGroup discussion1. Reference answers1)He grew up in South Wales.2)His dream was to become a rock star.3)Many of his music idols died before they were 27, which inspiredhim to do something about his dream before it's too late.4)He bought himself a second-hand drum kit, joined bands, and playedconcerts. He also started to write songs. He played all the time.5)At 28 he realized that apart from music he had his family and friends.He still played but only for fun.2.Reference answers• We all have dreams in our life. These dreams may be things we want to accomplish, places we want to go, or feats we must attempt. Whatever they are, dreams give us a purpose in life and a meaning to live, and allow us to fight for what we believe in. However, we should not let our dreams control our life and become a slave to them. In fact there are other things we should work for apart from our own dreams, such as our family and our friends. So don't be afraid to let go our dreams if we have to.•The second quote tells us that we should always strive to attain our dreams in life. Dreams push us to move forward, to struggle, to strive all the time. Without dreams, life is a life without hope; without dreams, we are as lost as a bird which has lost the gift of flight. So follow our dreams and let our ambition fuel us to surpass our limits. Never quit and always think of different ways to win.3.Further practice in listeningShort conversationsIB 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 DLong conversation1A 2 B 3 B 4 DPassage 11 B 2D 3 A 4 CPassage 21)commentators2)exaggerated3)focus on4)lead an active life5)laid the foundation6)annual7) a series8)advocating9)abolish10)influentialKey to U5Listening to the worldSharing•Reference answers: The podcast is mainly about whether people enjoy city life, the good things about living in a city and the main problems in cities.•1) cities 2) mix of people 3) peace and quiet•1). C 2). F 3). D4). A 5). B 6). E•1). √2). √ 3). (There is huge choice of restaurants in the city)4). (One good thing about living in the city is the tube is cheap and frequent.) 5). √•1) horribly 2) get round 3) on the go 4) take time out5) missing out 6) green transport 7) crime 8) committing crimesListening2.1) shopping2) good nightlife3) safe4) cheap5) terrible6) restaurants7) fantastic8) fast9) green10) crowded11) friendly12) atmosphere13) clean14) safe15) see16) do17) beautiful18) perfect19) culture20) too muchViewing21) a combined age 2) forgotten; stuck indoors; felt right; 16 times; closure; meet3) 40 4) available online; Two millionSpeaking for communicationRole-playConversation 11. In a hotel.2. The air conditioning doesn't work.3. She will send someone up to look into it.Conversation 21. In a restaurant.2. They waited about 20 minutes for a table they booked, another hour for their meal, and were asked to pay the service charge.3. It was a very busy time of year.Conversation 31. In a train station.2. She has waited for over an hour.3. Because the man said the train was delayed because of "the wrong type of snow".2. 1) C2) C3) R4) R5) C6) RFurther ListeningShort conversations• A 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. DLong conversation• A 2. A 3. D 4. BPassage 1• B 2. D 3. C 4. DPassage 21) join up 2) reaction 3) makes increasing sense 4) sustainable 5) aims6) monitored 7) access to 8) experimenting with 9) eye-catching 10) commutingKey to U6Listening to the worldSharing1.Reference answers: The podcast is mainly about different kinds of jobs people do, their job locations, as well as the best and worst things about these jobs.2. 1) a researcher 2) gets too busy 3) relax 4) flat3. True statements: 3, 44. 1) C 2) E 3) A 4) D 5) B 6) F5. 1) The worst thing about her job is that it can get very stressful.2) Seeing that people who are very poor and very sad don’t have much opportunity and can do little about it hurts him a lot.3) The worst thing about his job is the (long) hours he works. .4) He never knows what he’s gonna be doing from one day to the next, so sometimes it’s hard to make plans.5) What he dislikes about his job is being away from his family.6) He thinks spending a lot of time outside of the UK has its disadvantages.Listening2. 1) a free bus ride2) a dentist3) watch films4) Lunch5) a cheap6) take your dog 7) a surprise holiday 8) free coffee9) bring their children10) a party11) free drinks 12) go fishing 13) all the fishViewing3. 1) traveling to work2) live abroad3) cheap houses4) an online map company5) 38 pounds6) quality of life7) the trafficSpeaking for communicationRole-play1. True statement: 1, 32. 1) like 2) can’t stand 3) absolutely love 4) don’t like; prefer5) don’t mind 6) keen on 7) hate 8) not very keen on; want to beGroup discussion1.1) shaped 2) faces 3) personal 4) special message 5) at home6) beautiful website2.1) c 2) d 3) a4) e5) bFurther ListeningShort conversations1. B2. D3. A4. C5. CLong conversation1. A2. D3. B4. BPassage 11.B2. B3. A4. DPassage 21.evaluate2. compensation3. negotiating4. confirm5. schedule6. circumstances7. turn down8. start over9. work out 10. informedKey to U7Opening upReference answers:S Sending a postcardO Using your mobile (phone)O Sending a text messageN Writing a blogO Chatting onlineS Sending a faxS Updating your webpageO Checking your emailS Using an Internet phone (e.g. Skype)Listening to the worldSharing1Reference answersThe podcast is mainly about people’s attitudes toward technology, what items of technology theyhave, and what items are indispensable to them.2.Answers:1) enjoy2) live without3) plan my life4) listening to music5) Put pressure on the government to spend the money it needs to find a permanent solution to the problem.3.Answers:1. D2. A3. F4. E5. B6. C4.Answers:1) In his pocket.2) Twitter.3) Because it’s not charged.4) His mobile phone and an MP3 player.5) Two.6) An e-book reader, a laptop, an iPod, and lots of gadgets.Speaking for communicationRole-play12Answers6.1）-c 2) –a 3) –b7.1) –b 2) –a 3) -cGroup discussion1Answers1) two2)near the sea3）real achievement 4）125）talked online6）hello7）lonely8）a new girl9）bored10）my real friends 11）a club12）good-looking13）start talking to him14）on the dance floor15）haven’t been dancingFurther ListeningShort conversationsAnswers4. B 2. C 3. D 4. D5. CLong conversation4. B 2. B 3. A 4. CPassage 14. D 2. A 3. A 4. DPassage 23.response 2. illegal 3. in charge of4. consequently5. relied heavily on9.linked to 7. anticipate 8. familiar with 9. remedy 10. betraying Listening to the worldSharing1. The podcast is mainly about what people know about their family, their similarities with parents or siblings, and what they know about their family history.2. 1) come from2) most of my family3) talking to people3. CEAFBD4. 1) height; 2) same traits 3) think about things; 4) my sister ;5) similar to ; 6) mathematical ; 7) a younger version ; 8) organized; 9) louder ; 10) quite calm 11）my brothers ；12）quite different5. 2,66. 1）My ancestors came from the northeast of China. They moved toZhejiang Province about 200 years ago.2）• No, I’m not related to anyone famous.• Yes, I may have some connections with Confucius.3）My grandmother, because I was brought up by her.4）• No. Unfortunately, they died before I was born.I know they were farmers.• Yes, I’ve met my great-grandmother on my mother’sside. She thought girls should receive more educationthan boys, so she sent my grandfather’s youngersister to university, while let my grandfather work tosupport the whole family.5）I’m a bit shy and reserved, just like my fatherand my older brothers.6）My mother. We look alike and we have similar characters. ListeningBEFORE you listen1. 1）I know my father’s side of the family better. My grandparents havethree children. Even after they all got married, they still live near my grandparents. Every weekend and every traditional Chinese festival, we all get together in my grandparents’ house.2）My grandparents were doctors before they retired. Their three children and their spouses are all doing medicine-related work.3）I have a small family. There are three people in my family, my parents and I. It’s a typical nuclear family.2. 1）1689；2）advisor; 3) soldiers; 4) sailors; 5)dull; 6) incredibly 7) surname; 8) great funAfter you listen3. My grandma is very kind to me and she teaches me a lot. On abirthday party for me at a restaurant, a doorman came to help me. I didn’t say anything to him. But, my grandma told me that every man deserves respect. From then on I began to say “Thank you!” to anyone who helped me.ViewingBEFORE you view1. 1)No, I haven’t. But I would like to go there. I have heard about it andsome of my friends have even been there. They strongly recommend this virtual community to me. I have a lot of interest in it.2)• I can buy an island, build a farm and live a self-reliant life there.• I can have magic power or some special talents which will empower me to do what I am not able to do reality.2. 1)islands; 2)There are no rules; 3)an account; 4) a digital; 5) male ;6) half animal; 7) edit; 8) short; 9) face; 10) features; 11) pick ;12) personality; 13) online stores;14) over three million;15) chat;AFTER you view1.• I can reinvent myself, a totally different me from the one in reality.• I don’t like the way of socializing with other people. I still prefer communicating with real people to communicating with avatars.2.• Yes, I think people could become addicted toSecond Life. Although Second Life is a virtualcommunity, it gives its users a life-like experience.• What makes users addicted to it, I think, is thesense of achievement and satisfaction that theycannot obtain from the real life.3.The positive effects The negative effectsSpeaking for communicationRole-play1. Conversation 11) What does the man want to practice?The man wants to practice English speaking andlistening.2) What types of classes are there in the afternoon?There are special classes with a special focus likeEnglish idioms, conversation and pronunciation in theafternoon.Conversation 21) What did the girl organize at the summer camp?The girl organized games for children at the summercamp.2)What “can be difficult” according to the interviewer?Different ages together can be difficult according to the interviewer. Conversation 31) What does the man want to know?He wants to get information about online classes.2) Why are online courses more difficult than face-to-face courses, according to the interviewer?According to the interviewer, the reading and writing for onlinecourses are really quite demanding.2. Conversation 1: 1) So for me the most important thing is to... Conversation 2: 2) I suppose I’d have to say …3) In my opinion,… Conversation 3: 4) One thing I’d like to say is that …3.Situation 1: An interview at a business schoolA: Hello, can I help you?B: Yes, I am quite interested in the marketing course you offer.A: Well, marketing is one of the required courses for students in our school. Why do you want to take this course?B: I’m going to graduate from university next year, and I would like to try to get a job as a salesman. As I see it, some knowledge about marketing is essential for a salesman.A: Yes, you’re right. And I believe that this course will provide exactly what a salesman needs. Have you got any working experience in this field?B: Well, I worked as a part-time salesman during this summer holiday. A: I see. What do you expect to learn from this course?B: I’m not quite sure. Personally, I think I need to learn how to control such elements as product policy, channels of distribution, communicationand pricing to satisfy the needs of customers in a profitable way.A: I see. Then I’m sure this course will offer what you need. In addition, this course will demonstrate the role of marketing in the company, and explore the relationship of marketing to other functions.B: I’m convinced that this course is exactly what I need. Could I ask some questions about the course?A: Go ahead, please.B: How often do we meet for classes?A: Once a week.B: Do I have any other opportunities to meet my tutor apart from during class?A: Yes. That’s every Thursday afternoon, three to four.B: I see. Thank you!Situation 2: Shall we get an air conditioner?A: It is getting increasingly hot. I’m thinking of installing an air conditioner in the dorm. What do you think?B: If you ask me, it is not necessary to install one. When it is getting really hot, we will be at home to spend the summer holidays.A: But there is still one month before we go home. And more importantly, when we are having the final exams, it will be over 30°C .B: But I think that it is unnecessary to spend so much money to buy an air conditioner just for two or three weeks, not to mention the electricity bill.A: For me the most important thing is not money, but to have a good rest during the examination time. I couldn’t sleep well without an air conditioner in hot weather.B: Anyhow, it’s perfectly OK for me to go without an air conditioner. And I’m afraid that the other two roommates don’t need an air conditioner either.A: I will talk to them later. One thing I’d like to say is that it is still very hot in September and October in this city. I believe that you’ll find that an air conditioner is essential at the beginning of next semester.Group discussionGet ideas1.1 )She heard about Second Life on BBC breakfast TV.2) She didn’t change her appearance very much except her hair color.3) She decided to be a businesswoman in Second Life.4) Her personality is the one thing that hasn’t changed.5) It’s a shop. You can set up and pay for the building.Then you can work in it as a businesswoman.2. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6Present ideas5.But I hope I can be more outgoing. The things that haven’t changed aremy perception of perfect happiness and my dream. For me, perfect happiness means perfect health, lots of money in my wallet and lots of love in my heart. Traveling around the world has long been my dream. I want to have enough money and time to go traveling, and I want to go to different places in the world and meet a lot of humorous and knowledgeable people. And when I come back home, I want to hang out with my friends at coffee bars and shopping malls. I long for that exciting and fun life, and I bet I’ll enjoy it.Further practice in listeningShort conversations1. B He hopes that the woman can stay at this job for along time.2. C Half-brother and half-sister.3. C They will use the credit cards in your name withoutpaying the bills.4. D She is considerate.5. A He has already changed his job.Long conversation1. C Because he had to make a crucial decision.2. D Most students change their major at least once.3. A He is a big picture kind of guy.4. B Marketing.Passage 11. C Four.2. C Female bosses usually encourage them andguide them.3. A Because they are more likely to be dismissed forpoor work.4. B Women managers often face a double standard. Passage 21) infancy2) assumed3) inherited4) rooted5) fairs6) compensate for7) cement8) witness9) exposed to10) contributed to。

Unit 6 Think for a changeWarming upReference answers11) long (long time; long hair; long stretch)2) table (table manners; round table; table tennis)3) glass (broken glass; clear glass; eyeglasses)21) A chair can be used:•as a step for kids not tall enough for the basin•as a plant shelf when put upside down•as a bedside table•…2) A coffee mug can be used:•as a flowerpot for growing small plants, such as spring onions and coriander•as a vase•as a container for holding small objects, such as pens, candles, and a sewing kit•…3) A toothbrush can be used for:•cleaning the crawfish•cleaning the keyboard•cleaning containers with small mouths•cleaning shoes•removing the small fiber balls on clothes, such as sweaters and overcoats•…3We can see from the above exercises that creativity really matters. Without creativity, we will not get the flash of inspiration and find the fourth word that the three unrelated words can share, and we will never be able to come up with so many creative ways that an everyday object like a chair, a coffee mug and a toothbrush can be used.The importance of creativity in our personal lives can’t be underestimated. Creativity is part of who we are and how we express ourselves in everyday life. Creativity is not something we are born with, nor is it necessarily a characteristic of high intelligence. It is a matter of using the resources we have to produce original ideas. Artists use creativity to express their ideas and visions through painting, wood carving, sculptures, graffiti, and photography, which provide us with visual feasts. Musicians, singers and songwriters use creativity to make music that touches us. Fashion designers use creativity to create clothes which make us look amazing. Scientists use creativity to invent things that facilitate our lives and change the world.Creativity is everywhere, in the food we eat, in the clothes we wear, in the places we visit, etc.With a creative eye, we find creative things, and with a creative mind, we create things.Listening and speakingNews reportScriptsA group of 30 prominent British and American scientists write an open letter to London’s The Guardian newspaper and say the current process for approving scientific studies is counterproductive and needs to be changed.In the letter, the scientists point out that almost all of the 500 major discoveries of the 20th century were started before 1970, and that many of those discoveries challenged the accepted science of the time and would probably not be funded today.They say that since then, researchers have had to make their academic peers believe the work would have enough benefits to justify the investment of time and money, which limits opportunities for open-ended research.The scientists note that before the 1970s, the funds available were small, but researchers were free to use the money however they saw fit. Nowadays, their proposals must include convincing evidence that the results would be beneficial for national policies.The 30 scientists are calling for a new effort to support independent-thinking researchers like the ones who made major discoveries in electronics, nuclear power, biotechnology, and medicine.Questions:1.Why did the scientists write the letter?2.What do we learn about the major discoveries in the 20th century?3.What kind of research is most likely to be funded today according to the scientists?4.Which of the following is not mentioned as an area where the scientists are calling forinvestment?Reference answersListening and understanding1. C2. A3. A4. BThinking and speakingThe importance of supporting research and development (R&D)The investment in R&D plays a significant role in the overall health and long-term sustainability of the economy of a nation. We think that in the next three to five years more investment should be made in basic research, core technologies, and interdisciplinary research.First, research is indispensable for innovation. General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedlystressed the importance of basic research as the source of innovation. Without basic research, there will be no innovation. And we think that more emphasis should be put on the training of basic research skills of the students in institutions of higher learning.Second, to solve the increasingly complex problems, such as climate change, environmental problems, and health problems, we think that more investment should be made in R&D, and the efforts made by researchers across various disciplines need to be united.Third, supporting D&R is good for a nation’s economy. R&D helps an industry to develop, design, and enhance its products, services, technologies, or processes. Continued advances in R&D are crucial to ensuring and increasing economic growth.Research areas to be supportedResearch areas that should be supported include but are not limited to:•space exploration•deep-sea exploration•biotechnology and medicine•(large-scale) integrated circuit•quantum technology•advanced manufacturing technologyConversationScriptsHost: Art and Business is an organization that develops creative partnerships between business and the arts. Peter Jones is going to talk about the company’s ideas. Peter,maybe you could begin by telling our listeners why Art and Business was created? Peter Jones:Well, in the 21st century, productivity is no longer just a matter of machines. The success of a company depends on the creativity of its people. The way to increaseproductivity is to stimulate creativity.Host: And what better way to stimulate creativity than through reading books？Peter Jones: Exactly. Every reader knows that a good book can stimulate the imagination and the intellect, get you thinking along lines you might not have thought of before, andopen up new worlds.Host: So, how can reading help somebody to become a more creative person?Peter Jones: Being creative needs active imaginations. When people interpret fictional scenarios, they are using their imagination. They combine imaginative skills with critical andanalytical skills.Host: Are we talking about the right and left sides of the brain?Peter Jones: Yes. Our logical left side of the brain interprets the language of a book. The creative right side looks at the forms of expression. The left side analyzes the plot while theright side is more interested in the relationships between characters –theemotional aspects.Host: How does this transfer to the world of business?Peter Jones: Creative ideas make businesses more competitive. Shared reading experiences improve creativity, communication, and morale at work.Questions:1. What is Art and Business?2. What does the success of a company depend on?3. What is the best way to stimulate creativity according to the man?4. What kind of books would the man most likely recommend?Reference answersListening and understanding11. D2. B3. A4. C21. F2. F3. T4. F5. TThinking and speakingArt and businessWe’d like to share two examples of integrating art and business.•Example 1Established in 2000, Artrade is a forerunner in e-business dealing in art works. Chinaware, painting and calligraphy, oil painting, coins, arts and crafts, rare collections, and all sorts of art works you can think of are available on the platform. Running 365 days a year and 24 hours a day, its annual sales volume reaches over 10 million yuan. While creating its own brand, Artrade has also witnessed the changes in the purchasing habits of the Chinese people.•Example 2We think Swarovski is a good example of integrating art and business. With the making of the best lead glass crystals in the world as their passion, and with a wide range of colors, forms, and sizes, Swarovski has been welcomed since 1895. It has infus ed people’s lives with glamour.Activities inspiring creativityActivities that inspire creativity include but are not limited to:•writing poetry and prose•playing and listening to music•doing photography•acting•participating in art projects•playing games•traveling•brainstorming•meditatingPassage 1ScriptsCreativity is our ability to look at a problem and come up with a good solution. It has nothing to do with the subject matter or the job. There are creative inventors, but there are also very creative cleaners and teachers. While all of us are creative, we differ in the way that we are and to which extent.Michael Kirton came up with the Adaptation-Innovation Theory. He believes that when we solve problems, we are either more adaptive or more innovative. People who are more adaptive-creative try to do things better. People who are more innovative-creative try to do things differently. For example, to solve the specific problem of smelly cat litter, more adaptive types look for a solution inside the box. They might try to let the cat create less smelly litter, then increase the size of the sand particles, and finally add some refreshing tropical scent. More innovative types think outside the litter box. They come up with cat diapers, cat schools for good manners, or a robocat.Since these two types of people are so different, can they work together in a team? Actually, research indicates that involving different types of people in problem-solving could add a new perspective and make people more careful of drawing fast conclusions or falling into groupthink. The result is a more intelligent problem-solving process.Questions:1. Which of the following is true of creativity, according to the speaker?2. What does Michael Kirton believe?3. Why does the speaker mention cat litter?4. What will happen when adaptive and innovative people work together?Reference answersListening and understanding11. B2. D3. D4. D21) better 2) differently 3) inside 4) increase 5) outside 6) cat schoolsThinking and speakingCharacteristics of adaptors and innovatorsI would see myself as an adaptor because I tend to accept a problem as defined and preferestablished and structured situations. I like things that are predictable, and often feel uncomfortable and even nervous when unexpected things happen. For example, I prefer optimizing my way of doing the school tasks to coming up with an entirely different method.At a time when change is the only predictable thing, I need to improve my way of thinking, my way of doing things, and adapt myself to the fast-changing world.•I think I am an innovator. I often find myself in conflict with the established system, and I hate to accept the generally accepted perception. I like taking risks and feel that a life without risks is not worth living. The innovative side of me is evidenced in my study of math.I often try to come up with different ways of solving a mathematical problem, and everytime I succeed, I have a great sense of achievement.Adaptors and Innovators in teamworkThe advantages and disadvantages of adaptors:Advantages:•ensuring stability and continuity•essential to the functioning of an institution all the time•able to maintain high accuracy in long spells of detailed work•seen as sound, safe and dependable•providing a safe base for the innovator’s risky operations•…Disadvantages:•blocking new initiatives•producing a sufficiency of ideas based solely on existing agreed definitions of the problem and possible solutions•focusing on improving things rather than changing things or doing things differently •…The advantages and disadvantages of innovators:Advantages:•pursuing changes to reconstruct a problem, separating it from accepted thought, paradigms, and customary viewpoints•focusing on doing things differently which will lead to creative and innovative ideas •able to discover problems and avenues for solution•encouraging corporate initiatives, such as new products, new accounting procedures •…Disadvantages:•treating accepted means with little regard in the pursuit of goals•showing little respect to past customs while challenging the rules•not helpful in maintaining certitude in face of opposition•…Passage 2ScriptsPart IEvery year on April 21, the UN celebrates World Creativity and Innovation Day to raise awarenessabout the role of creativity and innovation in all aspects of human development.The General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the resolution to celebrate World Creativity and Innovation Day on April 27, 2017. The UN chose April 21 as World Creativity and Innovation Day recognizing that “citizens and organizations in more than 50 countries around the world had already observed this day, which was first commemorated on April 21, 2002.” The first World Creativity and Innovation Day was observed in 2018.Part IINow the day has grown into a week. The website of World Creativity and Innovation Week says their mission is “to encourage people to use new ideas, make new decisions, and take the steps toward making the world better through creative thinking.”The UN says that innovation should be done keeping in mind every sector of the society. It lays emphasis on creativity and culture as they not only produce economic value, but also have a significant non-monetary value that contributes to inclusive social development, to dialog and understanding between peoples.It urges its member countries to make cultural and creative industries part of their economic growth strategies. The UN says, “These industries are among the most dynamic sectors in the world eco nomy, generating $2.25 billion in revenue and 29.5 million jobs worldwide.”Reference answersListening and understanding11. B2. D3. C21) use new ideas 2) making the world better 3) social development4) understanding 5) economic growthThinking and speakingThe contribution of creative industriesCreative industries include a wide variety of industries, such as advertising, architecture, art, design, film and video, interactive leisure software, music, performing arts, television and radio. Creative industries are growing in economic importance for industrialized and post-industrialized nations. The production of lifestyles, cultural experiences, fantasies and images are coming to replace objects and things as the locus of the consumer society.As we can see from the first graph, creative industries accounted for an ever-increasing percentage of the GVA of the DCMS Sectors in UK economy between the years 2011 and 2017, nearly six percent in 2017. Also, the creative industries are a major source of dynamic job creation, providing over six percent of employment opportunities in 2017, as is shown in the second graph.Creative industries in China are also experiencing rapid growth due to a combination of state-owned and private-sector investment. Statistics show a steady increase in the contribution of creative industries to China’s GDP between the years 2011 and 2019, accounting for more than 4% in 2019, totaling nearly 4.14 trillion yuan. I believe that with the development of digital economy, an even faster growth of creative industries can be expected.Viewing and speakingScriptsHey, guys, I hope you’re all doing well and welcome to this week’s video. How good is your thinking game? Stay tuned as we discuss tips that you can use to be an outstanding thinker. Think outside the box is one of the most worn-out business and personal development clichés.While the urge to think outside the box is held in high esteem, it’s evident that there’s an apparent disconnect between what people say they’ll do and what they actually do. How many times have you seen people think outside the box? More importantly, how many times do you think outside the box? In simple terms, thinking outside the box can be described as thinking beyond the norm or being a nonconformist. Put simply, thinking outside the box does not mean that you need to defy gravity. It simply means that you need to be innovative with your ideas and solutions.In today’s video, we’re gonna discuss tips that you can use to think outside the box both in business and beyond.One, learn how to question the status quo regularly. Since childhood, we are bombarded with systems of doing things. We are told that we should go to school, work hard, get good grades, go to college and get that dream job. However, over the years, it’s be come evident that this system of life doesn’t work for everyone. I’m not saying that you shouldn’t go to school and perform well. Education is important. However, sometimes you need to question the norm and learn to ask why. If someone presents you with in formation that you don’t understand, you should challenge yourself to read more and question more.Two, expand your knowledge. We often wound up following the same path due to limited knowledge. To expose your brain to different ideas, you need new knowledge. There are several ways to do this. You can choose to take a class in a different industry. You can also try learning a new culture to help you relate to different people around the world. Lastly, you can read books and novels outside your usual genre to stimulate your mind.Three, mind mapping. Mind mapping is a technique that allows you to map out an idea. Essentially, you’ll have the central concept in the middle of the map, and then expand the idea outwards into other boxes. For instance, I need to create a new blog about digital marketing. Since it was the main idea, I put it in the main box. I then drew other boxes connected to the main idea with different aspects of digital marketing, such as social media marketing, email marketing, content marketing, affiliate marketing, SEO, among other things. I then broke downeach element into smaller branches until they turned into topics I could work with. With my simple mind map, I discovered an easy way to expand an idea.Four, draw an image. Visualize the problem you are facing and draw images to help you solve it. With an image, you can map out all the aspects of your issues and write down solutions to each element. For instance, maybe you have several bills to pay that all have different deadlines. You can draw a box with all the bills you have to pay and accompanying dates. Then have another box with all the income you have coming in on specific dates. As you look at both boxes, you’ll have an easier time remembering everything you need to pay and match it to a date when you have enough income to afford the bill.Five, think like a competitor. Thinking like a competitor in business is extremely beneficial. For this exercise, I would encourage you to have a brainstorming session. Ask yourself or (your) team to think like a competitor by pointing out some of the weaknesses you see in the business and possible solutions for the problems. You can also get ideas for new trends in the industry your business should take advantage of to stay ahead. This tech nique also works in one’s personal life.What are your thoughts on thinking outside the box? Share your comments, and let’s learn from each other.Questions:1. What is the aim of the video clip?2. Which of the following is considered a proper example of thinking out of the box?3. Which field is this video clip mainly targeted at?4. Which of the following is a way of questioning the status quo?5. What are the audience encouraged to do at the end of the video clip?Reference answersViewing and understanding11. C2. B3. A4. A5. D21) challenge yourself 2) different industry 3) new culture 4) central concept5) expand the idea 6) Visualize 7) aspects 8) weaknesses9) new trends 10) stay aheadThinking and speakingCreating a creative atmosphere on campusTo create an atmosphere in which there is no risk in being creative – a place where wild ideas are honored and valued, a harmonious and relaxed atmosphere that inspires students’ innovative thinking, we can:•develop extracurricular activities that encourage creativity and innovation•embed creativity and innovative thinking into the curriculum or course syllabuses•expose students to various creative ideas and projects•inspire students to ask questions, try new things and apply ideas to practical situations •use a mind map more often in the classroom to encourage creativity by stimulating the brain to think in different patterns•…Learning to think outside the boxStep 1•I find the five tips helpful, especially the first two. Nowadays we are too often inclined to believe the accepted norms and follow them. We tend to stay in the comfort zone and do what the others do. This is harmful, and even dangerous. We should keep reminding ourselves that the world is advancing and things are changing, what was appropriate and correct in the past may not be appropriate and correct today. We need to develop critical thinking and question the status quo, especially when we find something we don’t understand or feel confused about. And to update ourselves on the progress in every field, we need to expand our knowledge through more reading, more listening, and more communication with people from different sectors and from different cultural backgrounds.•I like mind mapping and I often practice it. I once read an article and learned that mind mapping was created by Tony Buzan, a leading expert on the brain and learning, and co-founder of the World Memory Championships. A mind map is ideal for brainstorming, planning, information gathering, data presentation, and many other uses. It helps us break down complex topics into smaller, more understandable chunks, and it is great for sharing information and understanding complex topics. What makes a mind map so effective is that it allows us to use both sides of our brain.•I find Tip 4, drawing an image, very useful and I practice it quite often, especially when there are many deadlines I have to meet. I usually make a list of the things that I have to do along with the deadlines. I will then try to prioritize things. In this way, I manage to finish all the things in time.•In my view, the last tip, thinking like a competitor, is not only useful in the business world, but also in sports and other fields. I remember a time in high school when we were taking part in the school table tennis competition. We were lucky enough to enter the final. Our rival team was very strong, being the champion for the previous three years. We knew that there was one very strong player in the rival team who could beat any of us. We spent a long time thinking about how they would arrange their players and how to arrange the players of ours accordingly, and we succeeded in getting our weakest player playing with their strongest one. Their strongest one was wasted in a sense. We won the champion! Our excitement was beyond words and until now I can recall the disappointment on the faces of our rival team.Step 2•being open to dissenting opinions•changing the direction of thinking•meeting people with diverse experiences, views and backgrounds•developing positive emotions to broaden our attention and explore our environment •taking a few moments to think about the beautiful things in our life•asking questions like “What would I do differently if I were starting from scratch?”•…Pronunciation1. I hope you’re all doing well and (weak form) welcome to this week’s video.2. Stay tuned as we discuss tips that (weak form) you can use to be an outstanding thinker.3. It’s evident that (weak form) there’s an apparent disconnect between what people say they’ll do and (strong form) what they actually do.4. We are told that (weak form) we should go to school, work hard, get good grades, go to college and (weak form) get that (strong form) dream job.5. Mind mapping is a technique that (weak form) allows you to map out an idea.6. Share your comments below, and (weak form) let’s learn from each other.Unit ProjectReference answersStep 2Listed below are celebrations in some countries.Word tipsforum 论坛webinar 网络研讨会biodiversity 生物多样性Teaching tipsSs can visit the following website for more information: https:///Step 6Plan for the campus-wide celebration of World Creativity and Innovation DayTheme: Creativity and Innovation Around UsTime: April 21Form: online and offlineThe online partThe online part will be held between 8:00-10:00 p.m., and we will invite four speakers, one from China, one from the US, one from Japan, and one from Italy. They will be sharing with us their experiences of being creative and innovative and offering us tips on being creative and innovative.The offline partOffline activities will include three contests: a writing contest, a vlog contest, and a contest for problem-solving.•Writing contest: participants are required to write an essay on the topic Creativity and Innovation Around Us in no less than 500 words.•Vlog contest: participants are required to introduce an interesting thing related to the theme through a vlog.•Contest for problem-solving: participants are required to find problems on campus and come up with creative or innovative solutions.The call for participation in the contests will be announced on March 21, one month before the celebration, and the deadline for submission is April 15. The award ceremony will be held on April 21, right after the online session. For each of the contests, there will be one First Prize winner, two Second Prize winners, and three Third Prize winners.The panel of judges will include faculty and students at the university. People in the creative industries will also be invited.Further ListeningNews reportScriptsWhen you hear the word “chair,” what verb do you think of? Your answer could reveal how creative you are.Michigan State University scientist Jeremy Gray has developed a simple word test to measure creativity. It’s described in the journal Behavior Research Methods.His team showed 193 participants a series of nouns and asked them to respond creatively to each with a verb. “Chair” –for example –could elicit “sit”... or more creatively, “stand.” The participants were also asked to write stories and draw pictures. Those who gave creative answers on the noun-verb test were also judged the most creative in the more traditional areas.Gray and his team are now giving the noun-verb test to participants while they are in an MRI machine to try to identify the parts of the brain that light up when creativity is called for. Their findings could eventually help students, entrepreneurs, scientists, and anyone who depends on innovative thinking.Questions:1. Why did Jeremy Gray develop the simple word test?2. What are the subjects required to do in the test?3. What are Jeremy Gray and his team trying to do with the help of MRI?Reference answers1. A2. C3. DConversationScriptsHost:Hello, welcome to The Idea. My guest today is Professor Clayton Christensen. Let’s welcome him.Clayton Christensen: Thanks.Host: What exactly is disruptive innovation? Please explain it.Clayton Christensen: Disruptive innovation is not a breakthrough innovation that makes good products a lot better. It has a very specific definition, and it transforms aproduct that historically was so expensive and complicated that only a fewpeople with a lot of money and a lot of skill had access to it.Host:You mean the product becomes much more affordable to the general public?Clayton Christensen: Yes, exactly.Host: Could you give us an example of this? I mean that most people are familiar with the computer industry and how that’s developed. Perhaps you can usethat as an example.Clayton Christensen: Yeah, so … at the beginning, the first manifestation of digital te chnology was a mainframe computer which cost several million dollars to buy and ittook years to be trained to operate it.Host: So the general public can’t operate it.Clayton Christensen: Yeah, the largest companies and the largest universities can have one, you know, and we had to take our problem to the center where the expertsolved it for us. But then there’s a sequence of innovations, from themainframe to a mini, to a desktop, to a laptop, and now to a smartphone.That is democratized technology to the point that everybody has access toit around the world.Questions:1. What is the interview about?2. What is the aim of disruptive innovation according to the woman?3. Why is the computer industry used as an example?4. What is meant by “democratized technology”?Reference answers1. A2. B3. A4. A。

Unit 7 Have a nice day!Warming upReference answersStep 11. She is upset.2. She is angry.3. She is happy.4. She feels she could do nothing about it.5. She is surprised.Step 2•When you don’t want to talk about some issues and want to hide your true feelings, your facial expression will be inconsistent with your emotions. For instance, you have failed an important examination, and you are not happy about it but you don’t want your parents to find out about your true feelings. You will try to show your forced light-heartedness in front of them, while in fact you are deeply sorry for not passing the examination.•When you are lying, your facial expression will be inconsistent with how you actually feel. Of course, people lie for different reasons. Some people lie to protect others while some others lie for their own benefits. For example, some people may have a serious illness and they don’t want their families to worry about it. So they will tell them that they are fine. At that time, their facial expressions will surely be inconsistent with how they feel. For another example, a small number of students spend a lot of school time playing computer games instead of studying. Sometimes they hand in assignments which are not finished by themselves. One of my roommates once used an English movie review he found from the Internet and handed it in as his own work. When our teacher asked him if it was his own work, he said “Yes.” But I could see his face twisted a little bit.Step 3Besides facial expressions, there are a lot of other kinds of body language that can reveal one’s true feelings. For example, eye contact. When someone is lying to you, he is unlikely to look into your eyes. Also, hand gesture. When someone is desperate to tell others what they are worried about, they will use a lot of hand gestures to show anxiety and help others to understand better. What’s more, when some people get angry, their hands will be clenched into fists. Even if they can still speak in a calm voice, one can see from their hands that they are experiencing strong emotions. What’s more, s ometimes your voice will reveal your feelings. For example, when you are talking to someone you love, you voice is usually soft and tender. But if you are speaking to someone you are angry with, your voice will turn cool and sharp.Listening and speakingNews reportScriptsThe New York Times just announced that it had been using machine learning and surveys to predict the different emotions felt by readers of various stories.The newspaper has been collecting this information for a year, and has created a list of 30 commonly experienced emotions – 18 of which are available for sale to advertisers, as reported this week.The New York Times is not the only one. Other media companies like ESPN and USA TODAY have also rolled out ad products that are said to be able to match ads to people in certain moods.USA TODAY NETWORK in 2016 started categorizing its content by topic and tone, and scoring it on the basis of the emotions it’s believed to most evoke. Last year, it started to sell advertising based on that knowledge with a product called Lens Targeting. An ad campaign for a non-profit that was targeted at people reading inspirational stories resulted in a 25 percent higher donation rate than ads that weren’t targeted, said Kelly Andresen, SVP and head of GET Creative, USA TODAY NETWORK’s conte nt studio.Questions:1. How does The New York Times predict readers’ emotions?2. How many emotions does The New York Times list?3. What have ESPN and USA TODAY said about their ad products?4. What do we learn about the ad campaign for a non-profit with specific target readers?Reference answersListening and understanding1. A2. C3. D4. BThinking and speakingPros and cons of targeted adsI think it is advisable for newspapers to target their ads toward a certain group of readers. New products are coming out every day, and it is impossible for people to know everything in a timely manner. If readers find something they need from the newspaper advertisements, they can purchase them for their own sake. It is a win-win situation. Sometimes there are certain scenes in advertisements that will make readers recall certain memorable experiences in the past, such as a candy bar, a nice bowl of soup, or a trip to the seaside. If readers’ hearts are somehow touched, it is very likely for them to purchase what is advertised.The downside of the targeted ads is that people may sometimes regret what they have bought. They may act on impulse to purchase certain goods because the ads touch certain part deepdown in their hearts. Once the readers realize that the newspaper ads are taking advantage of them, they may have a negative attitude toward the newspaper or the advertisements. Perhaps they would even stop reading the newspaper altogether.Using news reports to evoke certain emotions, yes or no?Sample 1I think it is advisable for newspapers to publish stories that are likely to evoke readers’ feelings and spread the virtue of honesty, kindness, beauty, etc. For instance, if there is a news report about a natural disaster that happened in one area, readers’ sympathy will be aroused and they will be concerned about the safety of the people in that area. They would like to know whether people there have enough food, shelter, or medical care. Many of the readers would even donate food or money for the relief effort. This, in turn, will be reported in the newspaper and other people will read about their stories and see the kindness and passion of human beings.Sample 2I don’t think news reports should evoke certain emotions among readers. As is known to all, news reports should follow the principle of reporting the truth, and the truth only. They should be the true, objective and unbiased reports of what have happened or what are happening. Readers can form their own judgments after reading the reports. Their opinions should not be influenced by the reports. If news reports try to evoke certain emotions of readers’, they are in fact biased and meant to influence the readers’ judgment.ConversationScriptsM: What have you read recently?W:I have just finished reading a book about anxiety. Did you know that some unpleasant emotions like anxiety are actually very helpful for humans to evolve?M: Really? How could that be？W: For example, if our ancestors encountered a lion, their fear sharpened their senses, quickened their thinking, and instantly prepared them to deal with the danger. Those who were able to do this better clearly had an advantage in survival.M: But anxiety is different from fear. Fear is a response to an immediate threat; anxiety is where there’s a possibility of a danger.W: That’s true. But the power of anxiety is equally important. Worrying about potential danger forces people to take fewer risks and seek safety. This could potentially help the basic evolutionary tasks.M: I see. But in today’s world, the possibilities are changing rapidly. If we cannot handle our anxiety properly, it may cause problems not only for individuals, but also for the whole society.W: Exactly! Like some people will panic buy due to the anxiety that there will be a forthcoming shortage or price rise, or something bad may happen.M: So how could we better handle our anxiety?W:According to the book I read, the most useful strategy is to shift your focus from thelong-term problem to a daily routine that will solve or prevent that problem. For example, instead of worrying about not passing the exam, focus on how much time you spend studying today.Questions:1. According to the woman, why are some unpleasant emotions important for humans?2. What is the difference between fear and anxiety, according to the man?3. How is the world today different from the world our ancestors lived in, according to the man?4. What does the woman say is the best way to handle anxiety?Reference answersListening and understanding11. C2. D3. B4. D21. T2. F3. T4. F5. TThinking and speakingProblems caused by anxietyEating too much is another problem caused by anxiety. In fact, quite a lot of people have this problem. When they are under a lot of pressure, they eat without control. They will gain weight rapidly, leading to a series of diseases like diabetes, heart attack and high blood pressure.Insomnia, the inability to fall asleep, is also a problem caused by anxiety. People have trouble falling asleep when they are too worried about something. Then they can’t concentrate on their work or study during the daytime. Some of them may lose weight or even hair.Now many people are excessively worried about their appearance. They are constantly looking up to some celebrities and comparing themselves with their idols. Since they think that they are not as pretty or not as slim as their idols, they become anxious. They may resort to some extreme methods such as plastic surgery or unhealthy diet. This also leads to an unhealthy social trend that will make people so concerned with their appearance that they lose themselves. They become less and less confident in themselves and get disoriented. They will stay in a vicious cycle in pursuit of perfection of their appearance.Dealing with your anxietyStep 1Scores between 18 and 24 suggest a mild to moderate stage of anxiety.Scores between 25 and 30 are indicative of a moderate to severe stage of anxiety.Scores above 30 indicate a very severe stage of anxiety.Step 2I sometimes suffer from anxieties, especially before the deadline of an assignment or before examinations. I do not feel like eating and I am too tired to sleep. Luckily I have some good friends who would work together with me for assignments or exams. This lessens my anxiety greatly. We try to break down the overall goal into smaller steps and we try to finish one step at a time. We will feel great for each step we finish and before we know it, we have achieved the whole target. By doing this I can always finish those assignments ahead of time and get good grades for the exams.Passage 1ScriptsPsychology once assumed that most human emotions fall within the universal six categories of happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear, and disgust. But a new study suggests that there are at least 27 different emotions and they are closely connected with each other.Psychologists at UC Berkeley showed 2,185 video clips to 800 men and women. These clips included births and babies, proposals and weddings, death and suffering, natural disasters, spiders and snakes, awkward handshakes, etc.Using new statistical models to analyze the responses, psychologists created a multidimensional, interactive map to show how feelings like envy, joy, pride, and sadness relate to each other. They found that 27 different dimensions, not six, were necessary to account for the way hundreds of people reported feeling in response to each video clip.Moreover, in contrast to the common belief that each emotional state is an island, the study found that there is a smooth transition between emotions like horror and sadness, and amusement and adoration. Emotional experiences are so much richer and more subtle than previously thought.Psychologists hope their findings will help other scientists and engineers more precisely get the emotional states behind moods, brain activity, and expressive signals. All these could then lead to improved psychiatric treatments, a better understanding of the brain basis of emotion, and technology more responsive to emotional needs.Questions:1.How many kinds of emotions were once thought to exist?2.Which of the following is a new finding about emotions?3.How many subjects were shown the video clips?4.What have psychologists learned about emotions?Reference answersListening and understanding11. A2. A3. D4. A21) 2,185 2) births 3) disasters 4) snakes 5) handshakes6) Twenty-seven 7) smooth 8) states 9) treatments 10) needsThinking and speakingEmotional quotient (EQ)Step 1Self-awarenessSelf-regulationSelf-motivationEmpathySocial skillsStep 2•At work, it is important to be aware of who you are working with, how they work and feel, and how they are cooperating with you in a team. In this modern society, no one can work alone by themselves, which makes teamwork critical. As a result, workmates need to understand each other better.•Self-management is vital for a college student. Back in high school, my teachers always arranged our schedule. What I needed to do was just sticking to the schedule made by the teachers. Now at college, I need to manage life and study all by myself. Since there’s no one to arrange my schedule anymore, good self-management will help me live a rich and colorful life without neglecting my studies.Passage 2ScriptsLife is an emotional experience. The emotions you experience every day ultimately determine the quality of your life. However, one key problem with most people is that they’re not able to understand what they feel. We usually understand messages behind our pleasant emotions better, but we’re not well aware of the messages behind our unpleasant emotions. Actually even negative emotions contain positive messages or instructions that can help us grow into better human beings.Let’s look at “hurt” for example. None of us escapes feeling hurt, and we may communicate this feeling through various more noticeable emotions like sadness or anger. What is the message behind this? Usually these painful feelings arise because you think you are badly treated or ignored by people you care about. They’re insensitive to your needs, and don’t meet yourexpectations.The solution is better communication. Usually people don’t mean to hurt you; they’re just ignorant about the impact of their words and deeds. So tell them your feelings in an open and honest way. Also, communicate your values to others, especially your dear ones. Let them know what’s important to you and what your expectations of others are, so that they can understand your needs better.Once we are familiar with the hidden messages in emotions, our emotions can become our ally, even the unpleasant ones.Reference answersListening and understanding11, 3, 521)treated 2) insensitive 3) expectations4) honest 5) Communicate 6) importantThinking and speakingDealing with hurtStep 1Last Saturday, my roommate Tom took me to a gathering. However, when we got there, I found everyone was interested in computer games and all of them were talking enthusiastically about games. I don’t play games so when they asked me to join them, I said “no.” Then they simply ignored me and never talked to me again. I was hurt and rushed out of the door right away.Step 2Yes, I would. If I were given another chance, I would take this as an opportunity to learn about games. I would take the initiative to speak to his friends and listen carefully to what they were talking about. I would try to understand their love for games first and then I might try to introduce more topics in our communication and raise their awareness that I wanted to talk about something else, too.Don’t make our friends an emotional garbage canThe best way to avoid making our friends an emotional garbage can is to learn to be responsible for our own feelings and emotions. When we are experiencing negative feelings and emotions, take a moment to think about the causes of these feelings and emotions.Find the people who make you experience an undesirable feeling or emotion and talk with them. When you are talking with them, avoid strong language and try to stay calm. You might end up with a happy day. If it is schoolwork that causes you to feel stressed, try to break it down into several tasks and tackle one task at a time. When you really need a friend’s help, don’t talk about your problem all the time. Listen to your friend’s constructiveadvice and use it to overcome your problem. Next time you have the same problem, think about how you overcame it last time and perhaps you can cope with it easily. I think one way to avoid making our friends an emotional garbage can is being attentive to their emotions as well. After we talk about our own problems, ask them whether they have any negative feelings. Listen to them carefully and offer suggestions when necessary.I have a good idea. After we talk about unpleasant things, we can do some pleasant thingstogether. For example, we can watch a good movie, go to an amusement park, or visit a zoo.We can also have a nice meal, shop for some clothes or have a haircut. These things can always cheer us up and drive the negative feelings away.Viewing and speakingScriptsParticipant 1: What is going on? This is so weird!Pamela: How was that?Participant 2: It was so fun!Pamela: Yeah?Participant 2: Yeah.Julian: Art, the expression or application of human creative skill and imagination. That is how it is defined in the dictionary of my MacBook. You probably heard the termart therapy thrown around before, but today we’re honing in on a new type ofart therapy, designed exclusively to focus on positive emotions, personal control,and a sense of meaning. Can flexing your artistic muscles really make you happier?Let’s find out!Once again we brought in a selection of subjects. Now first we gave them a testto measure their current level of happiness. Next we asked them to write out alist of things in their life that made them feel happy or supported. Then we hadthem assign a color to themselves and each of the things on their list. It felt likethe right time to rope them into doing something creative, so we traced a life-sizeoutline of their body, and told them to fill it in with the different colorsdepending on where (it) resonated for them. We told them to put a circle in thecenter that represented th emselves. Now they hadn’t realized it, but we putthem in a reflective state of mind and in order to complete the exercise, they hadto really focus on how each person or thing contributed to their life.Pamela: So, what was that like for you?Participant 3: Oh I loved it! I love art and I love to paint. I used to paint when I was a little girl with my grandma.Pamela:I noticed the first thing you put in there was the purple to represent … Is that mom?Participant 4: My mom, yeah, she’s like on the should er kind of area I guess? My mom actually, I remember when she used to rub my shoulders whenever I would be sick as a kid.Pamela: Out of all of these things, what are you most passionate about?Participant 5:Um … well of course my family. I have seven children and they’re spread all over.There’re three in California. And I rarely get to see them. So I have to say that myfamily is my passion.Participant 6: So when you look at me, you just see, wow, that man is very emotional and very passion (passionate) about a plethora of different things.Participant 2: I see a clear paint representation of my personality.Participant 1: The one right in the middle, um … is my mom. What is going on? This is so weird!Yeah, cuz I think, just looking at this, you know she really is like my core. She is …She’s like the foundation upon which everything else has kind of … been builtupon, so she’s been the example (and) through that (she) kind of guides me toeven be able to assess where everything lies. So … my mom, yeah.Julian: So, what do (did) we find out? Well, we saw an average increase in happiness: 8.1 percent, with the highest jump being 36.7 percent. What does this mean? Well,Picasso once said, “Art washes away from the soul the dust of everyday life” and Iam starting to think that dude was onto something. When you engage yourselfartistically and use your imagination, you can help regulate your blood pressureand your heart rate. Now I know what you’re thinking: I’m not an artist. Well don’tworry, you don’t need to know a thing about art to do this. I’m not an artist myselfand I did the experiment.Reference answersViewing and understanding11) happier 2) current level 3) happy or supported 4) a color5) different colors 6) increase 7) imagination 8) heart rate2Participant 1: CParticipant 2: BParticipant 3: AParticipant 4: FParticipant 5: DParticipant 6: EThinking and speakingDo the experiment yourself!The answers may vary.Ways to achieve happinessStep 1I had one experience of dancing out of my sadness. During my first year at college, myformer boyfriend broke up with me. I was crying my heart out. Then a close friend of mine took me to a dancing party. Everyone was dancing happily there. At first I did not have much enthusiasm for dancing, but as I tried, I gradually forgot what was bothering me. It wasgreat.•I had worked very hard before the college entrance examination because I wanted to go to Tsinghua or Peking University. However, when I got the grades, I found I could only go to a local college. I was very sad. I did not want to eat or sleep. To help me recover, my parents advised me to do something for distraction. Then I started to draw and bit by bit, my sadness seemed to fade. It dawned on me that not being able to go to a top university was not so devastating.Step 2•There are a lot of ways in which people can find happiness. One way is to travel. Travel enables us to see new places of interest, meet new people, and try new food. When we are busy trying out new things, we are likely to forget our own unhappiness. This is especially true if we go to the seaside or high mountains, where we feel tiny and all our unhappiness seems to be absorbed by the vastness of nature.•Reading is one way that can make people find happiness. Books are the collection of human wisdom and they can answer any questions we might have. There is always a book for us.Whenever I am unhappy, I will pick up a book by my favorite writer and start to read. Books can successfully distract one from their negative feelings and take them into a whole new world.Pronunciation1. Art, / the expression or application / of human creative skill and imagination.2. That / is how it is defined / in the dictionary / of my MacBook.3. Today / we’re honing in /on a new type of art therapy / designed / exclusively to focus on positive emotions, / personal control, / and a sense of meaning.4. Then we had them assign a color to themselves / and each of the things on their list.5. Now / they hadn't realized it, / but we put them in a reflective state of mind / and in order to complete the exercise, / they had to really focus / on how each person or thing contributed to their life.6. When you / engage yourself artistically / and use your imagination, / you can help regulate your blood pressure / and your heart rate.Unit projectReference answersStep 2•too much involvement in student clubs or associations•procrastination•staying up too late•...Step 3•setting a regular meal time and going to the student canteen for meals;•going to bed before 11 p.m. and getting up before 7 in the morning;•setting aside at least half an hour for physical exercises every day;•seeking professional help from consultants;•choosing an appropriate number of courses to take next semester;•selecting only one or two student clubs for extracurricular activities;•finishing assignments ahead of the deadlines;•working together with the best classmates•…Step 4B: Good afternoon. What can I do for you?A: Good afternoon. I need your help. Lately I have been under a lot of stress. I don’t want to eat or sleep.B: Is there anything that particularly bothers you?A: The finals are coming. When I was in high school, I was always the best student. But now, there are so many excellent students, and I’m afraid that I will become a nobody.B: I get it. So it is important for you to be the best student and high scores are everything.A: Of course. How can I prove myself otherwise?B: It is certainly a good thing that you want to be the best student. But how do you define “a good student”? Just high scores?A: Well, a good student should have self-discipline, an inquisitive and truth-seeking mind, and a never-stop-learning attitude.B: So, in other words, scores alone cannot determine anything, as long as you have the qualities you just mentioned. Perhaps you can tell me what can help you ease the stress first? Have you seen what good students are doing?A: Hm … when they are not sleeping, they are studying, either in classrooms or in the library.B: Very good, concentrate on your study. So my advice is: Pick up your books and fully review what you have learned this semester. What’s more, take some physical exercises and talk to your friends or parents for a few minutes every day; and add more fresh fruits and vegetables to your diet. All these will help cheer you up, and you will become a good student sooner or later.A: Thank you very much.Further listeningNews reportScriptsA note written by Albert Einstein which contains advice on happy living has sold for $1.56 million in an auction.The German-born physicist had won the Nobel and was in Japan on a lecture tour. When a messenger came to his hotel room in Tokyo, he didn’t have a tip available. So he gave the messenger two notes, saying if he was lucky, they could become more valuable in the future. One of the notes was written on the official paper of the hotel. This is what Einstein wrote on the paper: “A calm and modest life brings more happiness than the pursuit of success combined with constant restlessness.”The note was expected to sell for between $5,000 and $8,000. Instead, a bidding war lasted about 25 minutes, and ended in a sale of $1.56 million.A second note written at the same time simply reads: “Where there’s a will, there’s a way.” It sold for $240,000.The winning bids for both notes were far higher than the pre-auction estimated prices, the auctioneers said.Questions:1. Why did Albert Einstein write two notes for the messenger?2. Where did Albert Einstein write one of the notes?3. What do we learn about the notes?Reference answers1. D2. B3. DConversationScriptsW: It seems to me people like listening to sad music when they are depressed.M: According to a study published a few years ago, people diagnosed with depression are notably more inclined than healthy controls to choose to listen to sad music.W: Why does that happen?M: Some people say that depressed people deliberately act in ways that are likely to maintain their low moods. However, a new study has presented evidence suggesting depressed people are not seeking to maintain their negative feelings, but rather that they find sad musiccalming and even uplifting.W: Sounds interesting.M: Right. The research involved 38 female undergrads diagnosed with depression and 38 non-depressed female undergrad controls. The participants listened to 30-second pieces of sad, happy, and neutral music, and stated which they would prefer to listen to again in the future. The depressed participants were more likely to choose the sad music clips.W: So the conclusion is the same as the previous research.M: Yeah, and the research team also asked their participants why they made the choices they did, and the majority of the participants with depression who favored sad music said that they did so because it was relaxing and calming.。

2024年一月浙江卷英语作文参考答案2024 Zhejiang Province English Exam Reference AnswersReading Comprehension1.a) Falseb) Truec) Not Givend) Truee) Not Given2. B - The writer’s friend took a trip to Iceland because he needed a break.3. D - The price of flying to Iceland was reasonable.4. C - The writer’s friend wanted a change from their stressful job.5. A - The writer believes that taking a break is essential for mental health.6. A - many Icelandic excursions cost more than expectedB - the high winds made it hard to walk to the beach.C - the writer’s friend thought the waterfall was beautiful.7. Ecotourism refers to traveling responsibly to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people.Short Answer Questions1. The first method is through intervention programs that aim to provide support and resources to those at risk of joining gangs.2. The second method is through community initiatives that work to improve the living conditions of at-risk neighborhoods.3. The third method is through educational programs that teach young people about the dangers of gang involvement.4. The fourth method is through law enforcement efforts to dismantle existing gangs and prevent new ones from forming.Essay WritingTitle: The Importance of Environmental ConservationIn recent years, the issue of environmental conservation has become increasingly urgent. With the rapid pace of industrialization and urbanization, our planet is facing serious environmental challenges that threaten the future of life on Earth. In this essay, I will discuss the importance of environmentalconservation and explore ways in which we can all contribute to protecting our planet.One of the primary reasons why environmental conservation is important is because it directly impacts our own health and well-being. Pollution from factories and vehicles can lead to respiratory problems and other health issues, while deforestation can disrupt ecosystems and reduce biodiversity. By protecting the environment, we are also protecting ourselves and future generations from these harmful effects.Furthermore, environmental conservation is vital for preserving the beauty and diversity of our planet. From lush forests to vibrant coral reefs, the natural world is filled with wonders that deserve to be protected and cherished. By taking steps to reduce our carbon footprint and preserve natural habitats, we can ensure that these treasures will be enjoyed by generations to come.There are many ways in which individuals can contribute to environmental conservation. One simple way is to reduce, reuse, and recycle. By minimizing waste and reusing items whenever possible, we can help reduce the amount of garbage in landfills and lessen our impact on the environment. Additionally, we can support organizations that work to protect endangered species,promote renewable energy sources, and advocate for sustainable practices.In conclusion, environmental conservation is essential for safeguarding our own health, preserving the beauty of our planet, and ensuring a sustainable future for all living beings. By taking action to protect the environment, we can make a positive impact on the world and leave a better world for future generations.This essay, therefore, highlights the importance of environmental conservation and emphasizes the role that each and every one of us can play in protecting our planet for the future.。

2024湖北新中考复习指南英语参考答案2024 Hubei New Junior High School Entrance Examination Review Guide English Reference AnswersPart 1: Reading Comprehension1-5: CBADA6-10: DCBBC11-15: CABCA16-20: DACDB21-25: BDAACPart 2: Vocabulary and Grammar26. hopeless27. ensure28. imaginative29. frequently30. cleverly31. G32. C33. D34. J35. B36. A37. H38. FPart 3: Complete the sentences39. is playing40. have been studying41. will be42. have already43. was reading44. will have finished45. hasn't been46. had leftPart 4: Reading Comprehension 47-50: CDBA51-54: CBDA55-58: ABCD59-62: CBAB63-66: ABCDPart 5: WritingSample Essay:The Importance of Learning a Foreign LanguageLearning a foreign language is becoming increasingly important in today's globalized world. There are several reasons why learning a foreign language is beneficial. Firstly, it opens up new opportunities for communication and understanding with people from different countries and cultures. This can lead to better relationships and collaborations in a variety of fields such as business, education, and diplomacy.Secondly, learning a foreign language can enhance cognitive skills and improve brain function. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals have better problem-solving abilities, multitasking skills, and memory retention. Additionally, learning a foreign language can increase creativity and enhance critical thinking.Furthermore, speaking a foreign language can boost career prospects and job opportunities. Many employers value language skills and having proficiency in a second language can give job seekers a competitive edge in the job market. In some industries, such as tourism, international business, and translation, knowing a foreign language is essential for success.In conclusion, learning a foreign language is not only beneficial for personal growth and development but also for societal and economic reasons. It is a valuable asset that can enhance communication, cognitive abilities, and career opportunities. Therefore, it is essential for students to prioritize learning a foreign language as part of their education.Overall, the 2024 Hubei New Junior High School Entrance Examination is challenging, but with proper preparation and practice, students can excel in all sections of the exam. Good luck to all the students taking the exam!。

Lesson 1Student HandoutReference Answers to ExercisesExercise 1: Which of the two italicized expressions do you think is more appropriate in academic writing?1.The government has made considerable/great progress in solving the problem.2.We got/obtained excellent results in the experiment.3. A loss of jobs is one of the consequences/things that will happen if the process isautomated.4.The results of lots of/numerous tests have been pretty good/encouraging.5.The relationship between the management and workers is extremely/reallyimportant.6.Some suggestions springing up from/arising from the study will be presented.7.Crash test dummies are really important for/an integral part of automotive crashtests.8.According to a recent study just about/nearly25% of all cell phone users view textmessaging as an important source of entertainment.Exercise 2: Underline the phrasal verbs in the sentences and replace them with ainvestigateing__2.This issue was brought up during the seminar. _________raised_________3.It is assumed that the management knows what is happening and will thereforestep in if there is a problem. _______intervene_______4.Schools cannot altogether get rid of the problem of truancy. ___eliminate_____5.The number of staff has been cut down recently. _______reduced________6.It was very difficult to find out exactly what happened._____determine____________7.House prices have a tendency to go up and down. __________fluctuate_______8. A potential solution was put forward two years ago._______proposed__________Exercise 3: Replace the following phrasal verbs with a more formal single word.1. The locals could not put up with the visitors from the city.________tolerate_______2. The decline was brought about by cheap imports. ________caused_______3. The university is thinking about recruiting more students._______considering_______4. Sales are likely to drop off in the third quarter. ______decline_____5. The meeting was put off until December. ________postponed______6. Given our fast-paced society, people must routinely put creative solutions to unexpectedproblems into practice. ____________implement________7. Some people have cut down on their consumption of beef. _______reduced______8. The cinema was pulled down ten years ago. __________demolished___________ Exercise 4: Use a more formal word or phrase to replace the italicized word. 1.The reaction of the officials was sort of negative. _____rather/quite/to anextent____2.The economic outlook is nice. _____optimistic/promising________3.The new method we have adopted seemsgood.____satisfactory/effective/efficient___4.She was given the sack because of her poor record. __be fired/dismissed/laidoff___5.The competition we are facing has gotten more intense. ______intensified____6.Many urban areas do not have enough land to build new public schools.___lack___7.Allergic reactions to local dental anesthesia do not happen very often. ____rarelyoccur/happen__8.The doors on these ferries were made bigger to make it easier to load vehicles._enlarged; to facilitate loading_________Exercise 5: Let’s suppose you want to follow the considerations we have talked about. What problems may the following sentences have? How would you revise them?1.You can use this model to optimize the water supply.second personThis model can be used to optimize the water supply. / The water supply can be optimized using this model.2.So, why did the bridge collapse? There’re a lot of reasons.informal; contractionThe bridge collapsed for many reasons. / Many reasons account for the bridge collapse.3.In addition to herbs, animal products are employed in some forms of traditionalmedicine frequently.Mid-place of the adverb: frequentlySome forms of traditional medicine frequently employ both herbs and animal products. / In addition to herbs, animal products are frequently employed4.So far there hasn’t been much research on how conflict influences the level oftrust and respect in a group.informal; contraction; negative formTo date, no comprehensive study has examined how conflict influences trust and respect in a group. / To date, little research has examined how conflict influences trust and respect in a group5.There are several studies in epidemiology that have shown that when peopleconsume alcohol in moderate amounts they have a lower risk of developing heart disease in comparison to those people who drink a lot of alcohol.wordySome studies in epidemiology have concluded that moderate alcohol consumption results in a lower risk of heart disease. / Some studies in epidemiology have shown that moderate alcohol consumption lowers the risk of heart disease.。

2024英语专四真题及参考答案Introduction:The 2024 English Proficiency Test for University Students (also known as the English Proficiency Test for College Students) is an official examination conducted annually in China. It serves as a measure of English language proficiency for Chinese college students seeking to pursue further studies or employment opportunities in English-speaking countries. This article will provide an overview of the 2024 English Proficiency Test for University Students, as well as sample questions and reference answers for each section of the exam.Section 1: Listening ComprehensionIn this section, candidates are required to listen to a series of audio recordings and answer multiple-choice questions based on the information provided. The audio recordings cover a range of topics, including academic lectures, conversations, and news reports. The purpose of this section is to assess the candidates' ability to comprehend spoken English in various contexts. Here is a sample question:Question:What is the main topic of the conversation?A. Travel destinationsB. Environmental issuesC. Health and fitnessD. Job opportunitiesReference answer: C. Health and fitnessSection 2: Reading ComprehensionIn the reading comprehension section, candidates are presented with a series of passages and required to answer multiple-choice questions, fill in the blanks, or provide short answers based on the information provided in the passages. The passages cover a variety of topics, such as social issues, science, literature, and culture. The purpose of this section is to assess the candidates' ability to understand written English and extract relevant information. Here is a sample question:Question:According to the passage, what is the main cause of climate change?A. DeforestationB. Industrial pollutionC. Natural disastersD. Population growthReference answer: B. Industrial pollutionSection 3: Cloze TestIn the cloze test section, candidates are presented with a passage containing several gaps. They are required to choose the most appropriate word or phrase from the options provided to fill in the gaps. The purpose ofthis section is to assess the candidates' vocabulary knowledge and ability to use context clues to determine the correct answer. Here is a sample question:Question:I can't believe how much technology has (1) __________ our lives in recent years. From smartphones to social media, we are constantly connected to the (2) __________ world. However, this (3) __________ of technology also brings about some challenges. People are becoming more reliant on their devices and less (4) __________ in face-to-face interactions.1. A. improvedB. transformedC. complicatedD. influenced2. A. physicalB. digitalC. virtualD. imaginary3. A. advancementB. intrusionC. adaptationD. avoidance4. A. proficientB. proficientC. engagedD. anomalousReference answers: 1. B. transformed2. B. digital3. B. intrusion4. C. engagedSection 4: WritingThe writing section requires candidates to write an essay on a given topic within a specified time limit. The purpose of this section is to assess the candidates' ability to express themselves in written English, as well as their critical thinking and organization skills. Here is a sample essay topic:Essay topic: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad.Reference answer:Studying abroad has both advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, studying in a foreign country allows students to immerse themselves in a different culture and gain a global perspective. They have the opportunity to learn a new language, meet people from different backgrounds, and develop important life skills such as independence and adaptability. On the other hand, studying abroad can be expensive andchallenging. Students may face language barriers, cultural differences, and homesickness. It can also be difficult to find a balance between academic responsibilities and personal life. In conclusion, while studying abroad offers numerous benefits, it is important for students to carefully consider the potential challenges and make an informed decision.Conclusion:The 2024 English Proficiency Test for University Students is an important examination for Chinese college students aiming to enhance their English language proficiency. By providing an overview of the test structure and sample questions with reference answers, this article offers valuable insights for candidates preparing for the exam.。

参考答案英文参考答案英文In today's fast-paced and competitive world, examinations play a crucial role in evaluating a person's knowledge and skills. Whether it's a school exam or a job interview, having the right answers is often the key to success. However, the idea of providing reference answers in English raises a few interesting questions. Firstly, what are reference answers? Essentially, they are model answers that demonstrate the expected level of understanding and the correct way to approach a question. These answers are often provided by teachers or experts in the field, and they serve as a benchmark for students to compare their own responses. Reference answers can be immensely helpful in guiding students towards a better understanding of the subject matter.One of the main advantages of reference answers is that they provide clarity and direction. When students are unsure about how to answer a question, having a reference answer can alleviate their confusion. By studying these answers, students can learn how to structure their responses, use appropriate vocabulary, and develop critical thinking skills. Moreover, reference answers can also help students identify any gaps in their knowledge and work towards improving those areas.However, there is also a downside to relying too heavily on reference answers. Some students may become overly dependent on them, using them as a crutch instead of developing their own analytical and problem-solving abilities. Thiscan lead to a lack of creativity and originality in their approach to answering questions. Additionally, reference answers may not always be perfect or comprehensive. They may not take into account alternative perspectives or innovative ideas. Therefore, it is crucial for students to strike a balance between using reference answers as a guide and developing their own unique understanding.Another consideration when it comes to reference answers in English is the issue of language proficiency. Providing reference answers in English assumes that all students have the same level of English language skills. However, this may not be the case for students whose first language is not English or who are still in the process of learning the language. In such cases, reference answers can become a barrier rather than a helpful tool. It is important for educators to take into account the diverse linguistic backgrounds of their students and provide support accordingly.In conclusion, reference answers in English can be a valuable resource for students, providing them with guidance, clarity, and a benchmark for their own learning. They can help students develop critical thinking skills and improve their understanding of the subject matter. However, it is essential for students to strike a balance between using reference answers and developing their own independent thinking. Furthermore, educators should be mindful of the diverse linguistic backgrounds of their students and provide appropriate support. Ultimately, reference answers should be seen as a tool to enhance learning,rather than a definitive answer to all questions.。