外研社高中英语选修八module1知识点

Module1 知识总结1.On 8th August ,1914, 27 men who had replied to an advertisement in The Timesboarded a ship leaving for the Antarctic.1914年8月8日,响应《泰晤士报》上一则广告的27个人凳上了一艘轮船，向南极地区进发。

注意：1) 在具体的哪一天用on .2)reply 是正式用语,作及物动词用,但后面只跟从句或引语.Jack replied that he might help me. 杰克回答说他可能会帮助我.“ I’ll bring some tomorrow ,” Mother replied.“我明天捎点来,”母亲答道.reply 作不及物动词用时,后面经常跟介词to reply to 回答：She asked me why I hadn’t replied to her letter.Answer 日常用语,常用作及物动词,后接名词,代词或从句.例如:He answered nothing. 他什么也没有回答.I can’t answer y ou now. 我现在不答复你.answer 也可以用作不及物动词,例如:He didn’t answer. 他没有回答.3) board vt. 搭乘board a plane 搭飞机4) leave for sp 出发去某地2.via 1)经由(by way of ) ,取……途径We went to London via Siberia. 我们经过西伯利亚到伦敦去.2) 凭借,通过(by means of ) 以…为媒介via airmail 以航空邮寄He sent me a love letter via one of my friends.他通过我的一个朋友把情书寄给了我.3.But when land came into sight, the Endurance became trapped in the ice andbegan to break up. 但当人们看见陆地的时候,“耐力”号却陷在冰块里并开始解体。

Book 8 Module 1 知识点讲与练Ⅰ.单词荟萃1．explorer adj.探险者→explore vt.探险；勘探→__________ n．(对某地区的)勘探2. ___________ adj.荒凉的，不适宜居住的→hospitable adj.好客的→hospitality n．殷勤好客3．commercial adj.商业的→__________ n．商业；贸易4．promote v．促进，增进→__________ n．提升；晋升；促进5. __________ adj.正式的，仪式性的→ceremony n．仪式典礼；礼节；礼仪6. _______ n．缺乏；没有→absent adj.缺席的；不在的；缺乏的7．tiresome adj.烦人的；令人讨厌的；令人厌倦的→____ adj.疲劳的；累的；厌倦的；厌烦的→tiring adj.引起疲劳的；累人的8．depressing adj.令人沮丧的；令人抑郁的→depress v．使抑郁；使沮丧；使消沉→_________ adj.沮丧的；消沉的9．discourage v．阻止；打消……的念头→_________ v．鼓舞；鼓励→courage n．勇气10. ___________ adj.常规的；普通的→convention n．常规，习俗11. ___________ n．鼓舞；启示→inspire v．鼓舞；激励→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的1state n．州，国家，政府；状态，状况；情况，情形vt.(to express sth. in spoken or written words，esp carefully，fully and clearly) 陈述或说明(某事)(尤指仔细、详尽而明确地)(1) in a state of…/in a…state处于……状况a poor state of health 健康欠佳state school 国立学校(2) state one’s views 陈述自己的见解(3) make/issue a statement 发表声明【活学活用】(1) The house was _____________ .(state)那房子很脏。

B8m1languagepoints1.quiz 小测试，竞赛。

2.explore v探险(测) 考察vt. (为测试或了解)仔细检查，探索(究) n. exploration探索，探险，考察n. explorer 探险者，探索者3.range (山、丘等)连贯而成的脉限度，范围a mountain-range 山脉This subject is outside my range.4.imagine vt. 想像，设想，猜想, 认为。

imagine sb. doing sth 想象某人做了某事imagine doing sth 设想做某事I can't imagine what he looks like.Can you imagine her becoming a pilot?5.adapt vt. 使…适应adapt oneself to sth. 使自己适应When he moved to Canada, the children adapted themselves to the change very well.6.survive vi. 生存，幸存vt. (1)经历(某事物)而幸存下来(2)比……活得长n.survival生存, 幸存, 残存n. survivor 幸存者She survived her husband for ten years. 她比她的丈夫多活了10年。

7.stand out (from/against sth) 突出/显眼Red stands out against a white background.8. leave behind 留下，忘了带，落下，把…丢在后面Take care not to leave anything behind9.set foot on/in sth 进入，到达，参观(某地)The first man to set foot on the moon.Don’t ever set foot in the house again!10.promote vt.促进，发扬，提倡，促销。

单词1．trap v．储存，留存，使(某物)留在某处；使……陷入困境n.陷阱；捕捉动物的器具；圈套，诡计；埋伏归纳拓展(1)be trapped in被困在……trap sb.into sth./doing sth.用计捕捉某人或使某人上当(2)set/lay a trap for...对……设下圈套，布好陷阱be caught in a trap of落入陷阱；陷入……的困境a mousetrap/flytrap老鼠夹/捕蝇器例句：They were trapped in the burning house.他们被困在燃烧着的房子里了。

I was trapped into telling the police all I knew.我中计了，把所知道的一切全都告诉了警察。

We set traps in the attic for the mice.我们在阁楼里设下了老鼠夹子。

【链接训练】①Chinese news reported today that a woman in Hongbai had been rescued after________in a tunnel for nine days. A．trapping B．being trapped C．having trapped D．to be trapped【解析】考查非谓语动词的用法。

句意为：中国新闻今天报道在Hongbai一个被困在地下管道九天的妇女被救了出来。

the woman与trap之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，排除A、C项；根据题意可知，被困这一动作已经发生，故排除表示将来的to be trapped。

正确答案为B项。

【答案】 B②When we arrived at the building，we found the man________in the fire.A．trapping B．trapC．trapped D．to trap【解析】“某人被困于……中”常译作sb.be trapped in...，故句中空白处应用过去分词trapped作宾补，选C。

外研版选修八m o d u l e1重点知识与练习Ⅰ.单词荟萃1．explorer adj.探险者→ explore vt.探险；勘探→ __________ n．(对某地区的)勘探2. ___________ adj.荒凉的，不适宜居住的→hospitable adj.好客的→hospitality n．殷勤好客3．commercial adj.商业的→ __________ n．商业；贸易4．promote v．促进，增进→ __________ n．提升；晋升；促进5. __________ adj.正式的，仪式性的→ceremony n．仪式典礼；礼节；礼仪6. _______ n．缺乏；没有→absent adj.缺席的；不在的；缺乏的7．tiresome adj.烦人的；令人讨厌的；令人厌倦的→ ____ adj.疲劳的；累的；厌倦的；厌烦的→ tiring adj.引起疲劳的；累人的8．depressing adj.令人沮丧的；令人抑郁的→depress v．使抑郁；使沮丧；使消沉→ _________ adj.沮丧的；消沉的9．discourage v．阻止；打消……的念头→ _________ v．鼓舞；鼓励→ courage n．勇气10. ___________ adj.常规的；普通的→convention n．常规，习俗11. ___________ n．鼓舞；启示→inspire v．鼓舞；激励→ inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的Ⅱ.短语检测1．适应2．突出；显眼3．进入；到达4．进入视野5．陷入，被困在6．(使)破裂，分解7．扎营8．想出(主意等)9. 冒险10. 精神抖擞，保持高昂的情绪11．遵守诺言12．尤其，特别13．万一adapt tostand outset foot oncome into sightbe trappedbreak upset up campcome up withtake a riskkeep one’s spirits up keep one’s promise in particularin case ofⅢ.佳句再现1．Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife, which _____________ its extreme conditions.但是南极洲仍然栖息着很多野生生物，它们已经适应了那里极其恶劣的条件。

外研版英语选修8module1知识点总结选修8Module 1trap be trapped in…被困在……trap sb into (doing) sth使…上当，中计set / lay a trap for…设下圈套be caught in trap 落入陷阱be caught in 遭遇balance keep one’s balance 保持平衡lose one’s balance 失去平衡out of balance 失去平衡keep a balanced diet 保持均衡饮食on balance 总的来说promote promote sb (from sth ) to sth 把某人（从某职位）升到某职位be promoted to …被升为…get / win / gain promotion 获得/ 争取晋升privilege grant sb the privilege of doing sth 赋予某人做某事的特权It’s a privilege to do sth 非常荣幸/ 有特权做某事enjoy privileges 享受优惠待遇set set foot on 进入，到达set free 释放set an example to sb 给某人树立榜样set up 竖立，建起，开办set back 使倒退，受挫折，拨回（表针）set down 放下，记下set out / forth 动身，出发set out to do sth 着手做…set about doing sth 开始着手做….set off 出发，动身，爆炸case in case of 万一，假如，以防（in case of+ n. / 代词/ 从句）in case 以防，以防万一in any case 无论如何，总之in most cases 在大多数情况下just in case 万一，以防in this / that case 如果是这样/ 那样的话discourage discourage sb from doing sth 劝某人不要做某事，使某人失去做某事的信心encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事（discouraged adj. 沮丧的，灰心的discouraging adj. 令人泄气的，令人沮丧的）stand stand out 突出，显眼，引人注目stand for 代表，象征stand by 袖手旁观stand by sb 支持，帮助，拥护…stand against 靠在…，依靠着…站着，反对…，抵抗…break break down （机器）损坏，精神崩溃，身体垮下来break away 逃走，逃离break into 闯入，突然开始，打断break off 扯断，断裂break in 闯入，插嘴break out （指激烈事件）突然发生，爆炸，发生break up 分裂，分散，（开始）放假break through 突破find out about 弄清有关……的情况类似短语：talk / tell / know / learn / write / read / hear about…check check in 登记，报到check up / on 检查，核实check out 结账离开/退房give sth a check 将某物检查一下close to 靠近，接近；差不多，从近处cut cut in two 分成两块cut in pieces 剁成碎片full be full of 充满…form take the form of 采取……的形式be in good form 状态良好be in great form 心情良好form in line 站成一排different forms of 不同类型的…in the form of 以……的形式in any shape of form 无论以什么形式inform inform sb of sth 通知某人做某事（sb be informed of …）mean mean doing sth 意味着mean to do sth 企图做……，想做……aim aim to 目的在于…aim at 朝…瞄准sight come into sight 进入视野，看得见in / within sight 看得见，在视野内out of sight 看不见catch sight of 看到，发现known be known as 被认为是……（通常接表示一个人身份或职业的名词）be known for 因为……出名be known to 为……所知give give up 放弃（give up + doing sth放弃做某事，戒掉…）give in 屈服，让步give away 分配，分送，赠送，泄露give off 放出（气味，烟等）give out 用完，耗完take take a risk 冒险take a photo 照相take away 剥夺，拿走take it easy 放心，别着急take down 记下，拿下take out 取出take part in 参加take off 起飞，脱下on average 平均on board 在船上，在飞机上adapt to 使适应a period of 一段…lack of 缺少as a result 因此，作为结果except for 除……外come up with 想出，提出in particular 尤其become symbol of…成为…的标志see see sb doing sth 看见某人做某事（强调动作正在进行）see sb do sth 看见某人做某事（强调看见整个过程）be to do用法：①be to do （按计划）将做；②表示禁止、命令等。

选修八Modul e 1Deep South狂背单词////////////////////////////////////////////Ⅰ.单词语境记忆1.the commercial heart of the city 城市的商业(的)中心2.conventional behaviour 循规蹈矩的行为3.the emergency exit 紧急出口4.a nuclear power station 一座核电站5.an annual event 一年一度的大事6.pure gold 纯金(的)7.a severe test of stamina 对耐力的艰巨的考验8.to replace the batteries更换电池9.the school canteen学校食堂10.a college dormitory大学宿舍11.fragile china 易碎的瓷器12.feel isolated感到孤单(的)13.a relatively modest fee 费用不算高14.some of the rare species that inhabit the area居住在这个地区的一些罕见物种15.intense pain 强烈的疼痛16.human ecology人类生态学Ⅱ.词性转换与派生记忆1.mass n.块，堆，团→adj.大批的；数量极多的；广泛的→v.集结；聚集2.state n.状态；状况→adj.国家提供(或控制)的；州的；邦的→v.陈述；说明；声明3.trap v.储存，留存；使陷入困境→n.陷阱，罗网；圈套；诡计4.privilege n.荣幸→v.给予特权；特别优待5.voyage n.(乘船的)旅行，航行→v.航行；远行；(尤指)远航6.luxury adj.温暖舒适的；奢侈的→n.奢侈，奢华；奢侈品；享受7.absence n.缺乏；没有；不在；缺席→absent adj.缺席的；缺少的8.explorer n.探险者→explore v.探险；勘探→exploration n.探险；勘探；勘查9.extreme adj.极端的，极度的→extremely ad v.极端地，极其10.balance v.使平衡→balanced adj.平衡的11.tiresome adj.烦人的，令人讨厌的→tired adj.厌烦的；疲倦的→tiring adj.令人厌烦的；令人疲倦的12.depth n.深度→deep adj.& ad v.深的；深深地→deeply ad v.强烈地；深刻地→deepen v.加深；深化13.depressing adj.令人沮丧的；令人抑郁的→depress v.使沮丧；使萧条→depressed adj.沮丧的；萧条的→depression n.沮丧；不景气，萧条(期) 14.inspiration n.鼓舞；启示；灵感→inspire v.鼓舞；激励→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的；启发灵感的→inspired adj.富有灵感的15.promote v.促进，增进；晋升，提升→promotion n.晋级；增进16.discourage v.阻止；打消……的念头→discouraging adj.令人沮丧的→discouraged adj.沮丧的→discouragement n.泄气；使人泄气的人(事)→encourage(反义词) v.鼓励『联想记忆』1.“职场经历”相关动词全扫描①promote升职②appoint 任命；委派③dismiss/fire 开除；解雇④interview 面试；采访⑤resign 辞职⑥apply 申请⑦resume 简历2.“学科”词汇集合①ecology n . 生态(学)②chemistry n . 化学③agriculture n . 农业(学)④economy n . 经济(学)⑤geography n . 地理(学)⑥literature n . 文学3.“annual ”相关形容词全扫描①minutely 每分钟的②hourly 每小时的③daily 每日的④weekly 每周的⑤monthly 每月的⑥quarterly 每季度的4.“宣布，声明”动词大荟萃①state 陈述；声明②announce 宣称，宣布③claim 断言，宣称④declare 宣布，断言5.速记成对反义形容词①⎩⎨⎧absent 缺席的present 出席的②⎩⎨⎧sharp 锋利的blunt 钝的 ③⎩⎨⎧shallow 浅的deep 深的④⎩⎨⎧narrow 窄的wide 宽的⑤⎩⎨⎧beautiful 美丽的ugly 丑陋的⑥⎩⎨⎧awake 醒着的asleep 睡着的狂背短语//////////////////////////////////////////////////////『短语背诵』1.adapt to (使)适应2.on average 平均3.be fond of 喜欢4.in the form of 以……的形式5.in case of 如果；假使6.break up 打碎；解体7.in detail 详细地8.in particular 尤其9.keep one’s promise 信守诺言10.in charge of 负责；掌管e up with 想出；提出e into sight 进入视野13.stand out 引人注目，突出，显眼14.set foot on 进入，到达；踏上『词块积累』1.on Earth 在人间2.from east to west 从东到西3.fresh water 淡水4.a window on the past 关于过去的一个窗口5.in past ages 在过去的年月6.work together 共同工作7.board a ship 上船8.force them to give up 强迫他们放弃9.set up camp 搭帐篷10.reach the island 到那座岛上11.believe their eyes 相信他们的眼睛12.keep his promise 信守他的诺言13.damage your eyesight 损害你的视力14.get badly sunburnt 严重晒伤狂背佳句//////////////////////////////////////////////////////1.Then in 1895，a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland.后来到了1895年，一个叫卡斯腾·博克格雷温克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。