unit3 Structure and Stylistic Feature

《Understanding Stylistic Features in New SAT Essay Writing》（揭开stylistic features 的神秘面纱）全新改版后的SAT作文和以前大不一样，除了从必考改为选考外，考试时间、考试形式和评分标准也发生了很大变化（详见OG 174页）。

其中我们最需要关心的是考试形式的变化：从以前的就某个话题给出自己的观点和论证变为阅读一篇700-900字的文章，然后从三个大的方面分析作者的论证方式。

这三个方面分别是：evidence, reasoning 和stylistic or persuasive features。

前两个方面与我们之前写的essay没有太大区别，主要是论据和论证逻辑。

而最让考生困惑的应该就是第三个方面:stylistic features。

下面我们就来揭开它的神秘面纱。

Stylistic features，官方给出的解释是such as word choice or appeals to emotion，也就是措辞和情感渲染。

从这两个例子可以看出，这个方面其实就是我们所说的rhetorical devices 修辞手法。

那么英文写作里作者常用的修辞手法有哪些呢？我们来看一下武汉赛拓老师的分析：①Allusion典故、暗指Definition: a brief reference to a person, thing, or idea from history, literature, politics, or something with cultural significance提及历史、文学、政治中的某个人、物、概念，或者有文化意义的东西Example: Don’t ask him for a donation; he’s a total Scrooge. Scrooge 是英国作家Charles Dickens的小说A Christmas Carol《圣诞欢歌》里自私、吝啬的富豪，后来这一人物就被用来指代小气鬼。

学术综合英语参考答案unit3学术综合英语参考答案Unit 3Part I: Vocabulary and Structure1. The correct answer is "innovative," which means introducing new ideas or methods.2. "Catalyst" refers to a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed.3. The term "paradigm" is used to describe a set of concepts or principles that form a theoretical framework of a branch of knowledge.4. "Ecosystem" denotes a community of living and non-living components that interact with each other in a particular environment.5. "Ethical" concerns moral principles that dictate right and wrong behavior.6. "Sustainable" refers to development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.7. "Biodiversity" is the variety of life on Earth, encompassing all plants, animals, and microorganisms, their genetic variations, and the ecosystems they form.8. "Pollutant" is a substance that contaminates the environment, making it harmful or impure.9. "Conservation" is the preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment, ecosystems, vegetation, and wildlife.10. "Renewable" describes resources that can be replenished naturally and sustainably over time.Part II: Reading ComprehensionA. True or False Questions1. True. The passage states that the use of renewable energy sources can reduce reliance on fossil fuels.2. False. The text mentions that while renewable energy can help reduce greenhouse gas emissions, it does not completely eliminate them.3. True. The passage highlights the importance of researchand development in advancing renewable energy technologies.4. False. The text indicates that while renewable energy is abundant, it can be inconsistent, requiring storage solutions.5. True. The passage discusses the potential for renewable energy to create jobs and stimulate economic growth.B. Multiple Choice Questions1. C. The passage mentions that solar power is a clean and inexhaustible source of energy.2. B. The text explains that wind turbines convert windenergy into electricity.3. A. The passage states that hydroelectric power isgenerated by the movement of water.4. D. The text describes bioenergy as energy derived from organic material.5. E. The passage mentions that geothermal energy is heatfrom the Earth's interior.C. Fill in the Blanks1. photovoltaic cells2. carbon footprint3. intermittency4. energy storage5. grid integrationPart III: Cloze Test1. sustainable2. innovative3. paradigm4. ecosystem5. pollutants6. ethical7. biodiversity8. renewable9. conservation10. catalystPart IV: Writing TaskIn this section, you are asked to write an essay on the topic of "The Importance of Renewable Energy in the 21st Century." Your essay should cover the following points:- The increasing demand for energy and the challenges of relying on fossil fuels.- The benefits of renewable energy sources, such as solar,wind, and hydroelectric power.- The role of technology in advancing renewable energy solutions.- The economic and environmental implications of a transition to renewable energy.- The need for policy support and public awareness to promote the adoption of renewable energy.Sample Essay:The 21st century has ushered in an era of unprecedented energy demand, driven by global population growth and industrialization. Traditional fossil fuels, while abundant, present significant challenges, including environmental degradation and the potential for resource depletion. In contrast, renewable energy sources offer a sustainable alternative that can help mitigate these issues.Renewable energy, derived from the sun, wind, and water, among other sources, is inexhaustible and clean. Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity, wind turbines harness the power of the wind, and hydroelectric dams utilize the force of flowing water. These technologies not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also decrease our dependence on finite resources.Advancements in technology have made renewable energy more efficient and cost-effective. Innovations in energy storage and grid integration are addressing the intermittency of renewable sources, making them more reliable and accessible. Furthermore, the transition to renewable energy is aneconomic opportunity, with the potential to create new jobs and stimulate growth in the clean energy sector.However, the shift to renewable energy requires robust policy support and public awareness. Governments must enact incentives for renewable energy development and implement regulations that reduce the environmental impact oftraditional energy sources. Public education campaigns can also play a crucial role in fostering a societal understanding of the benefits of renewable energy and encouraging its adoption.In conclusion, the importance of renewable energy in the 21st century cannot be overstated. As we face the dual challenges of energy scarcity and environmental sustainability, renewable energy offers a promising path forward. With continued innovation, policy support, and public engagement, we can harness the power of the sun, wind, and water to build a cleaner。

高二英语Unit 3—Art and architecture（一）人教版知识精讲【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：Unit 3—Art and architecture（一）二. 重、难点1. 词汇掌握2. 词汇，短语的用法3. 课文难点句理解三. 知识总结与归纳（一）单元分析与学习建议1. 单元主题：艺术与建筑。

现代建筑与传统建筑比较；艺术与建筑的发展；旧建筑的重新利用；家居布置等。

2. 听力：一对夫妇在家具店与服务员的谈话，了解家居艺术品的材料和风格。

3. 交际用语：表达个人的观点和偏爱。

4. 阅读：（1）Modern Architecture：了解现代建筑的历史和特征；比较传统建筑与现代建筑；借鉴传统建筑美学特点的现代建筑。

（2）A second life for factory 798：了解798军工厂的建筑风格；如何被重新利用成为艺术家的聚集地。

（3）The function of art：了解艺术的社会功能.5. 语法：复习过去分词做宾语补足语的用法。

6. 学习建议：运用构词知识，录音带和教材中的有关词汇的多种形式的练习来掌握和巩固所学的新单词。

对于语法结构重在理解所表达的意思，理解练习和阅读材料中出现的含有这些结构的句子。

作题时一定要先理解清楚题干的意思（语境），千万不要生套语法。

阅读材料中的语言非常生动地道，一定要从多种角度进行精读。

利用教材的朗读录音带练习口语，朗读和听力（二）词汇学习1. 运用构词知识判断下列单词的意思：heater; modernism; unnatural; unfriendly; create; aside; development; preference;architect—architecture; construct—construction; seashell; workshop; teahouse2. 单词归类：与建筑相关的词汇：architect; architecture; construct; construction; apartment; block; roof; cathedral; structure; furniture; heater; passage; concrete; balcony; stadium; rent建筑风格：style; modernism3. 根据句子的语境（上下文）判断划线词的意思：—Visitors to the Olympic Games will be impressed by the design of the stadium.—I can’t stand his silly questions any more, especially when I am very busy.—She tried to set aside some time every evening to read to her children.—Will three o’clock be convenient for you ? Sure. I’m free this afternoon.—John has just returned from a fantastic trip to Tibet in China.（三）一些重要单词，短语的用法1. stand：站立，忍受（用于疑问句，否定句，接名词，代词或doing）；处于某种状态。

《全新版大学进阶英语综合教程3》课程单元教学设计（教案）编号：U3-01Steps（步骤）教学组织Step One （步骤一）Opener:Pair work: The pictures below compare Westerners (marked in blue) and Chinese (marked in pink) in their way of looking at children and the family, travelling, and the role of the boss in an organization. Look at the pictures and work with your partner to answer the questions that follow.Helpful Expressions接送孩子drop off and pick up the child风土人情local customs and culture到此一游been here, done that高高在上superiority有权有势powerfulQuestions:1 In what way does the role of grandparents in Chinese families differ from that in Western families?2 In what way do Western tourists and Chinese tourists behave differently?3 In what way do Western and Chinese employees differ in the way they look upon their boss?Tips in this part:1. Introduce the topic to the class by asking if they can give any example of how Chinese and non-Chinese behave or think differently in life.2. Explain the pictures in Opener that illustrate the differences between the Westerners and Chinese in their perspective on different issues.3. Ask Ss to look at the pictures and discuss the differences in pairs with the aid of the questions that follow.4. To sum up, have different pairs report to the class their discussion on the pictures, one pair for one picture.Step Two （步骤二）Video watching:After watching a video clip about an interview with three foreign women marrying Chinese husbands, discuss the following questions with your partner.1. According to the video, when raising grandchildren, what is the difference《全新版大学进阶英语综合教程3》课程单元教学设计（教案）编号：U3-02《全新版大学进阶英语综合教程3》课程单元教学设计（教案）编号：U3-03《新视野大学英语（第三版）》Book 3课程单元教学设计（教案）编号：U3-04DiscussionDiscuss what you like / dislike about where you live.things you like:a food market; a bookstore; close to the metro; a good hospital / medical care centerthings that are nice but not essentiala good local supermarket; a sports center;a theater / cinema; a barthings you dislike:lacking of parking space; various types of noise; pollution; high crime rateThink about your neighborhood. What would make it:safer?Lectures should be given to tell people how to prevent fire, theft and other dangers. Besides, the police should make sure the streets are safe –not only from crime but also from traffic accidents.more beautiful?I think we should plant more trees and flowers in the community. In addition, we should discipline our own behavior and should not litter garbage everywhere or draw on the buildings.more interesting?More entertainment activities should be held to draw the interest of people. Meanwhile, don’t forget the children. We should also provide them with facilities to give them fun and joy.better for your health?I think we should build a community gym providing a variety of affordable exercise options. Besides, activities should be conducted to help people quit smoking or excessive drinking.more of a community?I’d really like to see a good shopping mall, where people can meet, get to know each other and entertain themselves.。

全新版⼤学英语综合教程第⼆册教案Unit3Book2Unit 3 The Generation GapI. Teaching ObjectivesStudents will be able to:Students will be able to:1understand the main idea (Father meddled in children?s affairs with good intentions, but only to find his efforts unwelcome) and structure ( three settings, three scenes) of the text;2 appreciate the basic elements of a play;3 grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text;4 conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit.II. Key Points: The structure, the writing skill, and the main idea ofthe text will be the focus. Only a few words and sentences, which will be the obstacles for students? understanding of the text, will be explained in class.III. Difficult Points:Some sentences whose meanings are difficult to understand and whose structures are hard to analyze:1. Line 43: Sean and I will have a man to man talk.2. Line 45-47: And I just wanted you to know that I?ll do anything I can to help him through life?s dangero us sea.3. Line 103: My treat, I told him. And of course, he was glad to accept..IV. Teaching Materials: Power point and materialsV. Teaching Methods: Lecturing, practicing and discussing.VI. Teaching Timing: 8 sessions of classVII. Teaching Process:1st -2nd periods:Pre-reading; Teacher?s Introductory Remarks and Students? Discussion related to the topic.3rd -4th periods: While-Reading (Understanding the title of text A; Analyzing the organization of the text; Explaining Difficult sentences and language points in the text; Summing up the main idea of the text)5th-6th periods: Dealing with the exercises after Text A. Check on Ss? home reading (Text B); Post-Reading Task: Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks7th-8th periods: Listening and speaking tasks.A. Pre-reading tasks1 T asks Ss the following questions on the song The Times They Are A-changing?: ( 5 minutes)---Who should be sitting up and taking notice？Why? (parents, politicians, writers and critics should listen up, because the times are changing so fast that one can?t be content with one?s old way of life)---What does the singer think of his parents? way of doing things? ( outdated)2 Pair interview ( 23 minutes)1)T dictates to Ss the following list of questions:---When are your parents? birthdays and their wedding anniversary?---Do your parents celebrate your birthday? How about their own birthday celebration?---In your parents? eyes, what are you interested in?---In your eyes, what are your parents interested in?---In what areas do your parents want you to improve?---In what ways do you want your parents to improve?---Tell of an instance when your parents and you disagree over something.2)Ss form pairs to interview each other. If there is an odd number of Ss in theclass, one group may consist of 3 Ss. The interviewer must note down the answer from the interviewee.3)Some Ss report interview results to class.3 T may lead in to Text A by saying: As we find from our interviews, parents and children do not often see eye to eye. When parents interfere with their children?s affairs, they believe that they are doing so in the interest of their children. However, the children may not be grateful, as is the case in the play we are going to study, Father Knows Better. When you read on, I want you to bear this questionin mind: despite their complaints, the Thompson children actually love their father very much. Do you yourself show similar attitudes towards your own parents?( 2 minutes)B. While-reading tasks1 A brief introduction to play ( 25 minutes)1)T writes down on the blackboard the major components of a play: characters,settings, stage directions, language, conflicts, climax, and theme.2)Ss identify the characters in this play.3)Ss read the directions for Text Organization Exercises 1 and 2, then scan theplay to divide it into three parts. T may drop a hint: just read the stagedirections put in brackets.4)T explains the functions of stage directions: to set up stage properties in theproper place; to indicate a change in setting; to direct actors? movements, gesture, facial expression, tone of voice, etc. Then T draws the followingillustration on the blackboard:5)T invites one S to read aloud Heidi?s speech to the audience at the verybeginning of the play, then ask another S to re-create Heidi?s words into a complete and grammatical paragraph. They may refer to Writing Strategy to see the stylistic differences between speech and writing.6)T defines conflicts as the essence of a play, a clash of actions, ideas, desires orwills. It may happen in three forms: man against man, man againstenvironment, man against himself. When a conflict develops to the mostintensified point, it becomes a climax. T asks Ss to find out the form(s) of conflict in this play as they later go through the text.7)T explains that, unlike a novelist or short-story writer, a playwright can notcome forward, interrupt the action, and tell the audience what he/she means by a certain scene or explain to them what is going on in the minds of the characters. The audience must conclude by themselves what theme of the play is. T tells Ss that they will do so at the end of reading this play.2 T explains language points in Part I and gives Ss practice ( see Language Study).( 15 minutes)3 Ss sum up the main conflict in Part I. ( 3 minutes)4 T explains language points in Part II and gives Ss practice ( see Language Study).( 25 minutes)5 Ss sum up the main conflict in Part II.( 3 minutes)6 T explains language points in Part III and gives Ss practice ( see Language Study). ( 15 minutes)7 Ss sum up the main conflict in Part III.( 3 minutes)8 Ss sum up the theme of the play. ( 6 minutes)C. Post-reading tasks1. The way they are (25minutes)1)Ss form groups of 3-4, re-read Part Ⅱ. Based on it, they will come up with abrief summary of the characteristics of Mother, Father, and the children (see Text Analysis). T may give Ss the following model:“Father shows great respect for Mother. He pulled the chair for her before dinner, and obeyed her commands like …do go on?, …do get on with it?, …don?t keep us in suspense?. Besides, although Father was pleased with what he had done for Diane, he had learned from experience that his efforts were not always welcome. That way why he could quickly realize his blunder, as made clear by sentence …I do? Yes, I guess I do. I?ve…done it again, haven?tI ??2)When Ss discuss within the group, the following questions might help:---- How did Mother address Father and her children?---- How many do?s and don?ts did she use? What do they tell about her character?---- On whose side Heidi and Sean stage whisper to each other?---- What did Sean tell Father that “I do believe Diane would like to know the surprise?”---- How did Diane feel when she said “Thank you, Sean. I owe you one”?---- What were Diane?s reactions during the scene?3)Several groups report their summaries to the class.2. T guides Ss through some after-text exercises. (25 minutes)3. T checks on Ss? home reading (Text B) (3 minutes)4. Ss so Part Ⅳ: Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks. (1 period)5. T asks Ss to prepare for the next unit: (2 minutes)1)do the pre-reading task;2)preview Text A.VIII. Assignments:Assignments for 1st and 2nd periods:Vocabulary Exercises I, II, III in Text A●Listen to the recording of the textAssignments for 3rd and 4th periods:●Review what have been learned in class●Comprehensive Exercises, I, II in Text A●Read the text fluently and imitate the pronunciation and intonation of therecordingAssignments for 5th and 6th periods:●Review what have been learned in class●Language Practice in Text B●Preparations for paragraph recitation and dictation of new words andexpressions in Unit 3Assignments for 7th and 8th periods:●Review what have been learned in class●Home listening: Task 1, 2 and 3●Previewing text A in Unit 4IX. Teaching Reflection:Try to listen to the feedback of the students during and after the course, analyze the weaknesses in teaching and improve the methods as much as possible.The feedback from the students:The methods taken to improve the teaching and learning:X. Appendix: Teaching Contents:A. Text AnalysisAlthough a playwright can?t come forward to speak directly readers, we may still form a mental picture of what each character is like.Let?s take Part Ⅱfor example. From the way they speak, their tone of voice, their facial expressions and their actions, we find Father, Mother and the three Thompson children life-like.Since a brief discussion of Father?s characteristics is given as a model in the Suggested Teaching Plan, here we will focus on Mother and the children.As we notice, in her speech Mother uses quite a number of do’s and don’ts, pleases, dears, and sweetheart’s. She is the real head of the Thompson household, giving out commands to her children as well as her husband. Moreover, most times her orders are respected. On the other hand, knowing her children?s attitude towards Father?s meddling, she tries to maintain the peace, as in the in stance when she maintains Father?s dignity by telling the children “Don?t interrupt”, “Don?t distract your father”, and “give your father the respect he deserves”, or when she tries to divert the conversation by talking about her dessert.The Thompson chil dren respect Mother, as shown by their frequent “Yes, Mother” and “Sorry, Mom”. On the other hand, they are used to Father?s meddling with their affairs. When Sean and Heidi find out that this time the bad luck had befallen Diane, they can afford to stand back and poke a few bemused comments. Diane?s feelings are entirely different, though. She is put on guard when Father tells her “I have a surprise for you.” Then she is embarrassed as Father mentions her feelings toward young Kyle. Later, as Father goes on delaying telling the truth, she becomes hysterical. Finally, when she learns the truth, she loses her temper.Isn?t it a wonder that words can tell so much about people?B. Cultural Notes1.Family life: Some families are very child-centered. The closest families eat meals at the same time and spend their free time together. Some families, however, only see each other for a short time in the evening, and though the children are still considered important, they have to fit in the lives of their parents.The average day for many families begins with getting the children up and ready for school. There is usually a rush for everyone to use the bathroom, find clean clothes, eat breakfast, and catch the bus. In the meantime the parents have to get ready for work themselves. Early mornings are a scramble for many families.The school day usually ends at about 3 p.m. in the US and 4 p.m. in Britain, and the working day at 5 p.m. or later, so many parents have to make arrangements for their children after school. They may go to an after-school center or stay with a neighbor?s children. Older children often do activities like sports or music at their school, or go home and do their homework. Children often also have to do chores.In many families, the children eat when they get home and their parents eat later. In the evenings the children play or go and see friends. If everyone is staying in they may watch television together. Many parents make an efforts t spend quality time with their children, an hour or so each day when they give them the full attention.American families are often criticized for the way they do things separately, though many people believe that it is good for children to learn to be independent. From an early age children are encouraged to decide what they want to do, eat or wear, and their parents try to respect their opinions.2. Part-time job: Many American teenagers earn a good portion of their college expenses by working during the summer as waiters or waitress, construction workers, mother? h elpers, gas station attendants, telephone operators or messengers. They are not concerned with status. Being unskilled, they try to find jobs at whatever level they can. They seek not only money, but also experience. They learn work habits, responsibility, the ability to take orders and to get along with a boss and different kinds of people.C. Language Study1. location n. a place or position 场所；位置e.g. With nesses showed the police the exact location of the accident.The school is going to move to a new location2. dine vi. eat dinner 进餐dine out having an evening meal away from home 外出进餐e.g. It?s Jan?s birthday, so we are dining out tonight at a special little restaurant we know.3. embarrass vt. make (Sib.) feel awkward or ashamed 使窘迫；使不好意思e.g. I chose my words carefully in order to avoid embarrassing anyone.It embarrassed him that he had to give a talk in front of a lot of people. adj. embarrassed: (sb.) shy, guilty or ashamed about sth.e.g. I was really embarrassed when I knocked the cup of tea over my teacher.4. dumb a. foolish; unable to speak 愚蠢的；哑的e.g. He was so dumb that he left his keys at home again.Don?t be dumb. You can?t get a loan from the bank if you are laid-off.Children born deaf and dumb can nowadays be taught to speak and lip-read.Martin was born dumb, but he has still managed to get a good job.5. unison n. ⼀致；齐唱；齐奏in unison acting in the same way at the same time ⼀致地；⼀起e.g. The children find it difficult to play their instruments in union.The international community is ready to work in unison against terrorism.6.consist vi. 组成，构成consist of be made up of 由…组成e.g. The book consists of essays written over the last twenty years.The committee consists of scientists and engineers.7. palm n. (1)⼿掌；掌状物（2）棕榈树vt. 把---藏于⼿（掌）中palm off to persuade someone to accept sth. because you do not want it and it has no value⽤欺骗⼿段把---卖掉e.g. She tried to palm her old car off on me.她设法骗我买下她那辆旧车。

新视野⼤学英语3（第⼆版）读写教程第三册Structured_Writting（1~7）范⽂新视野⼤学英语3(第⼆版)读写教程第三册Structured Writting(1~7)范⽂Unit1The fight against air pollutionThe region has been seriously polluted by harmful smog, which proves to be the cause of many illnesses and for the climbing death rate. As a result, people have started to move out of the area.In response to the problem, the local government has decided to fight against air pollution. It has closed down several factories, which were considered to be the major cause of the pollution. Many power plants have been modernized to give off less pollution and also moved further away from people's homes so as to decrease the damage. At the same time, the local government has decided to plant trees in and around the region because trees can absorb some of the pollution.People welcome all the measures taken by the government. Consequently, more and more people have begun to move back to the region to take part in this battle for a clean environmentUnit2The performance of Chinese and American students in theirstudiesIt is reported that Chinese students are doing far better thanAmerican students in their studies. What are the reasons?That Chinese have strong belief in hard work is the first of the two main factors contributing to Chinese students' outstanding performance. Chinese students believe that through hard work and effort, people can perfect themselves and gain a better future for themselves. And they have also set higher standards for themselves. The second factor is that Chinese students have a strong duty to their families. They work hard not just for themselves but for the honor of their families. They have a high sense of responsibility. They believe that they do not deserve the support of their parents unless they dowell in their studies.The two important factors are the major causes why Chinesestudents do so well in their studies.Unit3There are serious security problems in Brooklyn There are serious security problems in Brooklyn, New York. Not long ago a young lady was murdered at a time still early in the evening. Marissa Parry was returning home from the job at about 9 in the evening. She was walking the 100-foot distance from the parking lot to the entrance of her apartment. Suddenly a man attacked her from behind. He grabbed her and stabbed her with a knife. Miss Parry struggled and screamed for help. But no one came to help her. The man stabbed her again! Then the man got into his car and drove away. Miss Parry could no longer stagger to her feet; she lay just a few feetaway from her apartment, dying.Unit4The life of Charlie chaplinCharlie Chaplain was born in 1889 in London. His childhood was one of extreme poverty and he did not have much schooling. But Charlie showed a gift for acting and longed to be an actor.In 1910 Charlie went to the United States for the first time as part of a troupe and thus started his formal acting career. He was very successful in his acting and made about 80 films throughout hislife. After World War II, Chaplin did not stop to rest on his earlier success. He gave up the Little Tramp character and tried to grow as an artist. Later Chaplin settled inSwitzerland and stayed there for the rest of his life. He died inSwitzerland on December 25, 1977 and the world lost one of the greatest creative artists of the 20th century.Unit5To many people ,a cowboy is a heroTo many people, a cowboy is a fantastic hero. A cowboy is a tall and strong man, wearing cowboy hat and boots, riding a horse and with guns around his waist. He remains alert to everything around him all the time. When danger is around, he never fails to sense or detect it, and he is always brave to face the danger. A cowboy is a skilled horseman and good gunman. He is a hero who helps the good peoplewhile punishing the bad. He seems like a superman who appears where he is needed. A cowboy does what's right and refuses money for his good actions, because he does not care about money. What hecares about is doing justice.Unit6There are some key steps in career planning there are some key steps in career planning. The first one is to study yourself. Understanding what you are like, what you value, and what you become is the foundation for career planning. In studying yourself, you examine your strengths, your weaknesses and your goals. The second step is to write your career goals down. Write something down may lead to new ideas and may help you see your possibilities. Another step is to review your plans and progress periodically. This may help you see how you have done so far and help you realize what steps to take next. Planning further steps can help you face new changes. Talking with your friends helps you improve your career plans and make them workUnit7Computers work wondersThe speed and efficiency of today's computers are workingwonders for our age.Computer-controlled machinery is taking over many boring and dangerous jobs. Computers are working more reliably and efficiently and saving a lot of time for more creative work! By sharing information with people all over the world, people are tracking down criminals without losing a second. In addition, computers instantly send messages thousands of miles away so that we can hear or see what is happening at the other end of the world. Computers never get tired and they can work 24 hours a day. Computers are making our lives much easier than before. All we have to do is just to CLICK andthe computers do everything for usUnit8.how to become successful in your learninglife is learing progress ,so learning how to study well is veryimportant .there are some nots i made for some important person'sautobiography.hopefully;this will be of assistance.first ,be concentrated.in other words,earnest and serious if you're not conscientious in your study .you will get to the stage that it sems that you are know actually you're not .and if you're be cocentrate you'll find that it's just soso. it's so simple and you find the relathionship between things.then you'be success.second .studyinng whereever ,it's just means save time .time is very presious so we should learn how to use it well,when you're warking ,eating or witing the bus .then a note's book will be help.or you can listing the "voice of american ". third taking nots ,it's sayig that the palest link is better than the best memory prepare a book and make a note of something important or useful.fourth ,tourch,keep in tourch with your partner it will be usefull to cherk yoursefe .and remind you when you 're slake off inyour study and you can get another informathion and other way of save the problem .and most important you'll get more passion and happier when study together.follow this these helpfull hints and you ,too ,will soon be n the path toward successful learing ,it means more work ,more fun,more pay.good luck to you.。

Chapter1 Introduction1. What do we mean by stylistics?Stylistics is the study of that variation in language (style) which is dependent on the situation in which the language is used and also on the effect the writer or speaker wishes to create on the reader or learner. Stylistics is concerned with the choices that are available to a writer and the reasons why particular forms and expressions are used rather than others. In addition, we can separate “Stylistic” into two pieces: “style”, is a component relating stylistics to literary criticism: “istics”, is component relation stylistics to linguistic. Frankly speaking, stylistics has close relationship with linguistic, language, literary criticism and literature.2. What does style refer to in the study of stylistics?Style is the variation in a person’s speech or writing. Style usually varies from casual to formal according to the type of situation, the person or persons addressed the location, the topic discussed. Style has both general sense and specific sense. Its general sense is also called “the present day sense”, is the variety of language. Its specific sense is referred to the literary style.3. How did the study of stylistics come into being?Stylistics developed on the basis of traditional rhetoric. In ancient Greece, rhetoric came into being. Later on the skills for speech and writing were developed into the figures of speech. Examples werecollected from the different writers’ works. In the early 20th century, some linguists studied the different types of writings according to the linguistic theories. Thus, stylistics first appeared on horizon. It has 3 revolutions, first, modernist movement in art and literature, lasting from 1890 to the beginning of WWII. Second, literary criticism having profound and radical influence on stylistic. The last one initiated by the works of Noam Chomsky and Michal Halliady.4. What’s the importance of learning stylistics?Learning stylistics can help us to use the right English in a right situation; help us to learn about the linguistic feature of each style; help us to know more about different elements of a language; help us with literary criticism; help us to translate better.Chapter2 Stylistic Function of Phonology1.What is the phonetic function to stylistics?The stylistic function of phonetics lies in is assistance to us in our adjustment and employment of different phonetic means to exploit the musical aestheticism of language in order to improve linguistic artistic charm.2.What aspects of phonetics influence stylistics?Phonetics involves several elements: stress, length and intonation. In English, there are word stress and sentence stress, which are used to express a special connection. Stress can be used for emphasis or fordistinction of parts of speech and senses. The length of sound in the connected speech is relative. And the lengthening of a sound may have rhetoric effect. However, the pitch has a very specific feature in stylistics.(1) The semantic function of intonation. By the semantic function of intonation, we mean that intonation may differentiate the meaning of an utterance. (2) The attitude to other people. The tone we use can tell people about our feelings, circumstance or surroundings. (3) Grammatical function of intonation. Intonation is closely related to grammar or, we might say, a part of grammar in much the same way, as punctuation is in the written language. (4) The accentual function of intonation. The intonation helps to produce the effect of prominence on syllables that need to be perceived as stressed. (5) The discourse functions of intonation. One role of intonation is to help lubricate and regulate this interaction by signaling certain feature of discourse.3.How do you understand the humorous function of puns?Pun is the humorous use of a word that has two meanings or different words that sound the same. They tried to reach the humorous effect by using polysemy and homonymy. Such as, “DARWIN IS RIGHT-INSIDE”. Darwin can refer to the English naturalist or to the shop owner, while right can mean correct or directly. So when one pauses before the dash, the sign means Darwin (the naturalist) is correct; when you read the whole sign in a breath, it means the shopowner is directly inside. It indicates that pun play with the form and meaning of words and thus give us a way of thinking and imagining.4.How important is pause in speech? Give an example.Pause has both specific sense and general sense. The general sense is lengthening or shortening the voiced or unvoiced sound, while the specific sense is the interruption of flow of speech sound. Silent pause has both grammar function and stylistic feature. V oiced pause has only stylistic feature, but no grammatical function. For example, the boy repairs the bicycle in the house. If we pause before “in the house”, it means the location is in the house. If we pause after “repairs”, it denotes the bicycle’s location is in the house.Chapter3 Stylistic Feature of Lexicon1.What function does diction serve in stylistics?We are told by teachers to be cautious in using: non-standard, colloquial, literacy, formal, slang, archaism. We now advocate that the properties lie in the harmonies of speaker, subject, audience and purpose. Just as Jonathan Swift once said, people should use the right word in a right pace. So dictions of a style show the character of it and are closely related to each other.2.How does semantics influence style?Semantics is the study of word meaning. Considering how the meanings of words in a language relate to each other. It is the system ofmeanings into which words fit and by taking their place in the system, acquire their meanings. Here are some examples, pool, pond, lake, sea and ocean; village, town, city, and metropolis. These words referred to similar things, but different in styles. That is to say, they appear on different situations.3.What style of language does slang represent?Slang is ranked as non-standard English. However, it is very popular in English speaking countries, not only in daily life, but also in many popular literatures. The average American grasps about 2,000 words. Slang’s stylistic function is very important for it occupies for 10%.。