【北京科技大学2012年考研专业课真题】材料科学与基础2012

北京科技大学2012年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 621 试题名称：管理学原理（共 4 页）适用专业：行政管理说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

=============================================================================================================一、名词解释（20分）1.利益相关者2.目标管理3. 顾客部门化4. 群体偏移二、单项选择（10分）1．（）是指决策制定者有重点地选择事物的某些方面，而摒弃别的方面。

A．自负偏见B．即时满足偏见C．锚定偏见D．框架效应偏见2．（）是中国儒家道德观的高度概括。

A．社会契约道德观B．权利至上道德观C．公平公正道德观D．推己及人道德观3．厄威克认为，管理过程是由（）等职能构成的。

A．计划组织控制B．预测协调指挥C．计划领导控制D．授权集权专业化4．即时控制通常又被称作（）。

A．前馈控制B．现场控制C．作业控制D．反馈控制5．最难共事者问卷，是一种测量领导者是（）的调查问卷。

A．任务取向还是关系取向B．结果取向还是员工取向C．顾客取向还是结果取向D．竞争取向还是任务取向6．360度反馈是一种建立在（）的反馈基础上的绩效评价方法。

A．管理者、员工和同事B．管理者、员工和顾客C．顾客、员工和同事D．管理者、顾客和同事7．（）用于测量的是人们讲求现实、对他人保持感情的距离以及相信结果能替手段辩护的程度。

A．马基雅维里主义B．泰勒主义C．新泰勒主义D．个人主义8．领导理论的发展大致经历了三个阶段，（）侧重于研究领导人的性格、素质方面的特征。

北 京 科 技 大 学2012年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 610 试题名称： 单独考试数学 （共3 页） 适用专业： 全校各专业单独考试考生 说明： 所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

=============================================================================================================一、单项选择题（本题8小题，每题4分，满分32） 1. =⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⎰⎰--→2020022lim x t x t x dt te dt e （ ）（A ）０． （B ）１. （C ）２． （D ）∞．2. 设)(x f 在),(+∞-∞内由定义, 则下列函数中必为奇函数的是（A ）)(x f y =． （B ）)(x f y -= ． （C ）．)(x f y = （D ）)(2x xf y =． 3. 函数⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≤<-≤<-=312101)(x x x x x f 在1=x 处间断是因为（ ）(A ) )(x f 在1=x 处无定义． (B ))(lim 1x f x -→不存在． (C ) )(lim 1x f x +→不存在． (D ) )(lim 1x f x →不存在. 4. ∑是)(2122y x z +=介于0=z 及2=z 之间的下侧, 则⎰⎰∑-+zdxdy dydz x z )(2=（ ）（A ）π． （B ）π2． （C ）π4． （D ）π8．5. 设幂级数∑∞=1n n n x a 的收敛半径为R )0(+∞<<x ，则∑∞=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛13n nn x a 的收敛半径为 （ ）（A ）3R ． （B ）R3． （C ）R ． （D ）R 3．6. 设L 是由直线1,0==x y 及1=+y x 所围成的三角形的正向边界，则曲线积分⎰=-L ydx xdy 3( )（A ）1． （B ）2． （C ）3． （D ）4．7. 设x x f tan ln )(=, 则=')(x f （ ）(A ) x tan 1． (B ) x 2sin 2． (C )-22tan x ． (D ) x x 2sin cos ．. 8. 设D 是圆域422≤+y x , 则=+⎰⎰dxdy y x D 22（ ）(A ) 38π． (B )316π． (C ) 4π． (D ) π. 二、填空题（本题6小题，每题4分，满分24）9. 设⎰+=3241)(x x t dt x P ，则=')1(P _____．10. )(x f y =由方程03275=--+x x y y 所确定，则曲线)(x f y =在点)0,0(处的 切线斜率k =_____． 11.⎰=++3011dx xx _____． 12.=+⎰⎰102arcsin 2cos 1cos dx x x dy y π _____． 13.=⎰+1012dx e x _____． 14.⎰=dx x x 2cos 2sin _____．三、计算题（本题7小题，每题10分，满分70）15. 求4212+-=x x y 极值和拐点． 16. 设)ln(yzz x =，求dz ． 17. 判定交错级数∑∞=-+-1)1()1(n n n n 的．18. 求由方程0)ln(22=+-xyz xyz xz 所确定的隐函数),(y x z z =在点(1,1)处的全微分．19. 设⎰>+=xx dt t t x f 10,1ln )(，求)1()(xf x f +． 20. 求⎰+dx xx 32)1ln(． 21. 已知)(x g 具有二阶连续导数，且1)0(=g ，又函数⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=≠-=0,0,c o s )()(x a x x x x g x f确定a 的值使)(x f 在0=x 处连续；(2)求)(x f '；（３）讨论)(x f '在0=x 的连续性．四、应用证明题（本题2小题，每题12分，满分24） 22. 求曲线xy 1=与直线2,4==x x y 围成区域的面积S 绕x 轴旋转所成的旋转体的体积V ．23. 证明：当0>x 时，1)1ln(+<+x xx ．.。

北京科技大学2012年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题================================================================================================= ============试题编号： 847 试题名称：安全原理（共 4 页）适用专业：安全科学与工程说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

================================================================================================= ============一、名词解释（每题2分，共10分）1　风险：2　可承受风险：3　危害辩识：4　系统安全：5　职业安全健康管理体系：二、填空题（每题3分，共30分）1、目前，我国矿山安全避险“六大系统”包括：。

2、重伤指损失工作日为工作日以上，个工作日以下的失能伤害。

3、重大事故：是指一次造成人以上人以下死亡；或者人以上人以下重伤；或者万元以上亿元以下直接经济损失的事故。

4、事故调查的原则：。

5、安全生产责任追究是指对安全生产责任者未履行安全生产有关的法定责任，根据其行为的性质及后果的严重性，追究其 责任的一种制度。

6、职业病是指企业、事业单位和个体经济组织的劳动者在职业活动中，因接触 等因素而引起的疾病。

7、我国劳动法第五章第53条规定的劳动安全卫生设施必须符合国家规定的标准，并要求遵循“四同时”原则，即，“新建、改建、扩建工程的劳动安全卫生设施必须与主体工程 。

”8、根据国务院第493号令《生产安全事故报告和调查处理条例》和国务院第302号令《国务院关于特大安全事故行政责任追究的规定》的规定：事故调查和处理必须采取“四不放过”原则。

9、安全信息类型分为一次安全信息和二次安全信息。

一次安全信息是指生产过程中的 ；二次安全信息包括 等。

北京科技⼤学普通物理2012考研试题北京科技⼤学 2012年硕⼠学位研究⽣⼊学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号： 612 试题名称：普通物理（共 4 页）适⽤专业：物理学说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上⽆效。

=============================================================================================================⼀、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1、质点系的动量守恒条件是：【】（A ）质点系所受的合外⼒为零；（B ）质点系所受的合外⼒矩为零；（C ）合外⼒对质点系作功为零；（D ）质点系所受的⼒是有⼼⼒。

2、质量为m 的⼩球放在光滑的⽔平⽊版上，⼀轻质细绳穿过⽔平⽊版上O 点的洞与⼩球连接，如图1所⽰。

若初始时刻m 作半径为r 圆周运动，今⽤⼒向下拉绳⼦使r 减⼩，问r 减⼩过程中下列说法正确的是：【】图1（A ）m 的动量守恒；（B ）m 与地球的机械能守恒；（C ）m 过O 轴的⾓动量守恒；（D ）不能确定。

3、花样滑冰运动员绕通过⾃⾝的竖直轴转动，开始时两臂伸开，转动惯量为J 0，⾓速度为ω0．然后她将两臂收回，使转动惯量减少为J 0/3．这时她转动的⾓速度变为【】(A)31ω0． (B) ()3/1 ω0． (C) 3 ω0． (D) 3 ω0．4、⼀质点在如图2所⽰的坐标平⾯内作半径为R 的圆周运动，有⼀⼒作⽤在质点上．在该质点从坐标原点运动到(0，2R ）位置过程中，⼒)(0j y i x F F rr r +=F r对它所作的功为【】(A) ． (B) ． (C) ． (D) ． 20R F 202R F 203R F 204R F 图25、⼀质量为M 的弹簧振⼦，⽔平放置且静⽌在平衡位置，如图3所⽰．⼀质量为m 的⼦弹以⽔平速度v v射⼊振⼦中，并随- 1 -图3之⼀起运动．如果⽔平⾯光滑，此后弹簧的最⼤势能为【】(A) 221v m ． (B) )(222m M m +v ． (C) 2222)(v Mm m M +． (D) 222v M m ．6、已知⼀⾼斯⾯所包围的体积内电荷代数和∑q ＝0，则可肯定: 【】(A) ⾼斯⾯上各点场强均为零． (B) 穿过⾼斯⾯上每⼀⾯元的电通量均为零． (C) 穿过整个⾼斯⾯的电通量为零． (D) 以上说法都不对．7、如图4所⽰，半径为R 的均匀带电球⾯，总电荷为Q ，设⽆穷远处的电势为零，则球内距离球⼼为r 的P 点处的电场强度的⼤⼩和电势为： - 2 -【】(A) E =0，r Q U 04επ=． (B) E =0，R QU 04επ=．图4 204r Q E επ=，r Q U 04επ= ． (D) 204r Q E επ=，RQU 04επ=(C) ．、平⾏板电容器两极板⾯积为，距离为，中间充满介电常数为ε的均匀介质，若给此平⾏板电容器充电Q ，则此平⾏板电容器内部的电场能量是【】(A)8S d ． (D) d S Q 202εε． (C) S dQ εε022S ε2d Q 2 ． (B) d S Q 22ε．9、在真空中有⼀根半径为R 的半圆形细导线，流过的电流为I ，则圆⼼处的磁感强度为：【】(A)R π4I0µ． (B)R π2I0µ． R I40µ (C) 0． (D)．线圈．(D) 不能判断⼆、填空题（每题2分，共20分）10、如图5所⽰，条形磁铁的旁边有⼀圆形线圈，欲使线圈产⽣图⽰⽅向的感应电流i ，下列哪⼀种情况可以做到？【】(A) 条形磁铁向线圈靠近． (B) 条形磁铁离开图5 (C) 条形磁铁不动．1、质点质量为m ，初速度⼤⼩为0v ，在⼒F kv =?u v v）的作⽤下做直线减速运动，历⼀段时间后停⽌，在这段时间内运动的距离为（k 为常数经. 是θ = 2 + 4t 2 (SI)．在=2 s 时，它的法向加速度a n =________；切向加速度a t =________．2、⼀质点沿半径为 0.1 m 的圆周运动，其⾓位移θ随时间t 的变化规律t3、⼀长为l ，质量可以忽略的直杆，可绕通过其⼀端的⽔平光滑轴在竖直平⾯内作定轴转动，在杆的另⼀端固定着⼀质量为m 的⼩球，如图6所⽰．现将杆由⽔平位置⽆初转速地释放．则杆刚被释放时的⾓加速度β0＝____________，杆与⽔平⽅向夹⾓为60°时的⾓加速度β＝________________．4、⼀根质量为m 、长为l 的均匀细杆，可在⽔平桌⾯上绕通过其⼀端的竖直固定轴转动．已知细杆与桌⾯的滑动摩擦系数为µ，则杆转动时受的摩擦⼒矩的⼤图6⼩为___________．5、⼀⾯积为S 的平⾯导线闭合回路，置于载流长螺线管中，回路的法向与螺线管轴线平⾏．设长螺线管单位长度上的匝数为n ，通过的电流为t I I m ωsin =（电流的正向与回路的正法向成右⼿关系），其中I m 和ω为常数，t 为时间，则该导线回路中的感⽣电动势为__________________． +σ +2σ A B C6、两个平⾏的“⽆限⼤”均匀带电平⾯，其电荷⾯密度分别为＋σ和＋2 σ，如图7所⽰，则A 、B 、C 三个区域的电场强度分别为：E A ＝________ ，E B ＝______ ，E C ＝_____ _(设⽅向向右为正)．- 3 -7、如图8所⽰，在纸⾯上的直⾓坐标系中，有⼀根载流导线AC 置于垂直于纸⾯的均匀磁场B v中，若I = 1 A ，B = 0.1 T ，则AC 导线所受的磁⼒⼤⼩为_________________．8、⽆限长密绕直螺线管通以电流I ，内部充满均匀、各向同性的磁介质，磁导率为µ．管上单位长度绕有n 匝导线，则管内部的磁感强度为________________，内部的磁能密度为________________． O A c 34x (cm) y (cm)× × ×× × ×× × ×I 图79、写出麦克斯韦⽅程组的积分形式：_____________________________，_____________________________，_____________________________，_____________________________．10、在图9⽰的电路中，导线AC 在固定导线上向右匀速平移，速度v = 2m/s ．设5=AC cm ，均匀磁场B = 0.5 T ，则这时动⽣电动势的⼤⼩为________________，动⽣电动势的⽅向为______________．三、计算题（共110分）1、（15分）质量分别为m 1和m 2的物体通过轻质细绳穿过质量为m 、半径为r 的定滑轮，如图10所⽰。

北京科技大学1995-2012材料科学基础考研试题及部分答案北科1995-2011材料考研，初试考卷及答案1995年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目: 金属学适用专业: 金属塑性加工说明:统考生做1～10题，单考生做1～7题和在8～13题中任选3题。

每题10分。

1、什么是固溶体？固溶体可以分为几种？并说明其各自的结晶特点。

2、计算含0.45%C的亚共析钢在共析温度时铁素体和奥氏体两相的相对数量，在这一温度下铁素体和珠光体的相对数量又是多少？3、用扩散理论来说明高温条件下钢的氧化过程。

4、画出铁碳平衡相图中的包晶反应部分的相图，并给出包晶反应表达式。

5、说明钢中非金属夹杂物的来源及其种类。

6、说明钢的完全退火、不完全退火、等温退火、球化退火、和低温退火的工艺特点及它们的作用。

7、说明轴承钢的碳化物类型及形成原因。

8、画图说明钢的高温和低温形变热处理的工艺特点。

9、从下列元素中指出哪些元素是扩大奥氏体区域的？哪些元素是缩小奥氏体区域的？C Si Ti Cr Mo Ni Cu N10、冷变形金属加热发生低温、中温和高温回复时晶体内部发生什么变化？11、绘出立方系中｛110｝晶面族所包括的晶面，以及（112）、（123）、（120）晶面。

12、说明共析钢加热时奥氏体形成的过程，并画图表示。

13、合金钢中主要的合金相有几种类型？北京科技大学1999年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目：金属学1、名词解释:（10分）（1）点阵畸变（2）组成过冷（3）再结晶温度（4）滑移和孪生（5）惯习现象2、说明面心立方、体心立方、密排六方（c/a≥1.633）三种晶体结构形成的最密排面，最密排方向和致密度。

（10分）3、在形变过程中，位错增殖的机理是什么？（10分）4、简述低碳钢热加工后形成带状组织的原因，以及相变时增大冷却度速度可避免带状组织产生的原因。

（10分）5、简要描述含碳量0.25%的钢从液态缓慢冷却至室温的相变过程（包括相变转换和成分转换）。

北京科技大学2012年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题======================================================================== =====================================试题编号：823 试题名称：微生物学B （共4 页）适用专业：生物化学与分子生物学说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

======================================================================== =====================================一、名词解释（20分，每题2分）1. L型细菌：2. 启动子：3. 转座因子：4. 芽孢（内生孢子）：5. 真核微生物细胞的主要特征：6. 缩短微生物生长延迟期的方法：7. 病毒侵染细胞受体：8. 紫膜光合磷酸化：9. PCR的英文全称及反应步骤：10. 特异性免疫（获得性免疫）：二、填空题（30分，每空0.5分）1. 微生物包括：细胞结构不能独立生活的、；具原核细胞结构的和；具真核细胞结构的、和等。

1977年伍斯（Woese）利用建立分子进化树将生物分为3个域分别是、和。

2. 革兰氏阳性细菌细胞壁的主要成分为和，而革兰氏阴性细菌细胞壁的主要成分则是，，和。

3. 微生物的糖酵解包括、、和 4种途径；固定二氧化碳卡尔文循环途径，可分为、和 3个阶段。

4. 次级代谢是微生物生长至或，以为前体，合成一些对微生物自身生命活动无物质的过程。

5. 病毒的复制过程依其发生时间顺序可分为以下、、、和 5个阶段。

6. 基因工程的基本过程是、、、和获得所需的或表达出产物。

7. 产能代谢中，微生物通过磷酸化和磷酸化将某种物质氧化而释放的能量出存在ATP等高能分子中；光合微生物则通过磷酸化将光能转变成为化学能储存在ATP中。

北京科技大学2012年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 811 试题名称：传热学（共 2 页）适用专业：动力工程及工程热物理、动力工程说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

============================================================================================================= 一．（30分，每小题5分）简要回答下列问题：（1）对于第一类边界条件的稳态导热问题，其解析解与导热系数有没有关系？（2）采用集总参数法求解物体非稳态导热时，需满足什么条件？说明为什么要满足此条件。

（3）在用裸露热电偶测定气流的非稳定温度场时，怎样可以改善热电偶的温度响应特性？（4）温度均匀的空腔壁面上的小孔具有黑体辐射的特性，那么空腔内部壁面的辐射是否也是黑体辐射？（5）试述基尔霍夫对灰体的应用，简要说明该定律在辐射换热计算中的作用。

（6）有一台采暖用的散热器，用管内的热水来加热管外的空气。

为了提高散热器的散热效果，有人提出1）管外加装肋片；2）将原来的钢管换成铜管。

试从传热角度来评价这个方案。

二．（25分）考察一管长6m，内、外径分别为7.4 cm、8.0 cm，导热系数为14 W/m · °C 的压缩空气管道。

管的外表面由总功率为300W的电阻带均匀加热，外包绝热层，通过绝热层的散热损失为15％。

管内空气的平均温度为 10°C，管道内表面的对流换热系数为30 W/m2 · °C。

试：(1)建立管道一维稳态导热的微分方程和边界条件；(2)求解管道内的温度分布；(3)确定管道的内、外表面温度。

北京科技大学2012年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 628 试题名称：生物化学与分子生物学（共 2 页）适用专业：生物化学与分子生物学说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

=============================================================================================================一、名词解释：共10题。

请按顺序将题号及答案写在答题纸上。

（50分）1、氨基酸的等电点2、结构域3、共价调控4、Southern blot5、米氏常数6、糖异生7、C值8、GU-AG法则9、SNP10、σ因子二、简答题：共8题。

请按顺序将题号及答案写在答题纸上。

（100分）1、简述线粒体ATP合酶（ATP synthetase）的基本结构及其催化ATP合成的机理。

2、试述一分子油酸（cis-9-十八碳烯酸）彻底氧化为C02和H20的详细反应过程，并计算净生成ATP的分子数。

3、什么叫别构效应？以血红蛋白为例说明别构效应与蛋白质功能的关系。

4、人红细胞膜上的主要糖蛋白是血型糖蛋白(glycophorin)，该蛋白质具有以下主要性质：(1)大小为50×103，含有60％的糖。

(2)是一种膜整合蛋白。

(3)CNBr处理可以得到5个片段，按N端到C端的顺序对5个片段编号，其中有3个片段含有糖。

(4)25％的糖是唾液酸，可用使用神经酰胺酶(neuraminidase)完全去除。

(5)乳过氧化物酶是一种能够用碘对暴露的Tyr残基进行标记的酶。

当完整的红细胞用乳过氧化物酶处理的时候，CNBr处理产生的片段1、2和3能被标记。

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北京科技大学2012年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题================================================================================================= ============试题编号： 874 试题名称：综合英语（共 7 页）适用专业：外国语言学与应用语言学英语语言文学说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

================================================================================================= ============说明： This paper covers FOUR subjects: (1) A Survey of Great Britain and the United States, (2) British Literature, (3) American Literature, and (4)General Linguistics. You have 180 minutes to complete the whole paper.Please time your pace well.Part I. Survey of Great Britain and the United States (30 points)I. Fill in the blanks:Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished sentence or question four suggested choices marked A, B, C, and D are given. Choose the ONE that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of your choice in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet after the numbers. (10 points)1. Thanksgiving Day is a historical, national and religious holiday that began with the pilgrims. The first was celebrated by the English settlers in __________ on December 13, 1621.A. Plymouth, MassachusettsB. VirginiaC. James TownD. California2. In the early 1960s hope had run high among millions of Americans. Kennedy’s call for a ___________ had inspired many Americans to work to wipe out poverty and end segregation and voting rights abuses,A. New DealB. the Civil Rights ActC. New FrontierD. the Law on Poverty3. Britain is one of the world’s major centers for theatre, and it has some world-famous contemporary playwrights like ____________ whose representative plays include The Caretaker and The Homecoming.A. Tom StoppardB. Harold PinterC. Arnold WeskerD. David Hare4. ___________ is uniquely related to the Crown in that the Sovereign must be a member of that Church, and it is not free to change its form of worship without the consent of Parliament.A. Christian churchB. The Church of IrelandC. Catholic churchD. The Church of England5. The post-war years were not peaceful to England. When Nasser, the Egyptian president, nationalized the Suez Canal in__________, British and French forces invaded Egypt. The action was widely condemned at home and abroad.A. 1960B. 1956C. 1945D. 19326. Under ________, the feudal system in England was established. One feature of the feudal system of England was that all landowners took the oath of allegiance for the land they held, not only to their immediate lord, but also to the king.A. King EdwardB. King AlfredC. Roman conquestD. William the conqueror7. The three conditions on which the Sino-US diplomatic relation was established are: the U.S.A must withdraw its troops from Taiwan and the Taiwan Straits, end diplomatic relations with Taiwan and cancel ___________.A. the Taiwan Relations ActB. the Mutual Defence TreatyC. American allianceD. Shanghai Communique8. The American Constitution is the oldest written constitution in the world. It was originally in the form of __________, which had little in common with the later officially adopted constitution in 1787.A. Common SenseB. Continental CongressC. the Articles of ConfederationD. Declaration of Independence9. During the last decades of the 19th century and the first decade of the 20th century, some American writers in their works reported truthfully and objectively the life in the slums. They called themselves naturalists, and _______ who was famous for Sister Carrie and An American Tragedy, was one of the representatives.A. Theodore DreiserB. Jack LondonC. Richard WrightD. Ernest Hemingway10. The 18th century was an age of Enlightenment in America. _________ was aspokesman of it: people still believed that God was the center of the world, but they began to see the importance of man, of reason and order.A. Thomas JeffersonB. Lord CornwallisC. Benjamin FranklinD. George WashingtonII. Answer the following questions in the corresponding space on your Answer Sheet.(20 points, 5 for each)1. What is meant by the term “welfare state” in Britain?2. What do you know about James Joyce and his works?3. What were the causes of New Conservatism that led to the election of RonaldReagan as the president?4. Who were the first Americans? How was America discovered by Europeans inthe 15th century?Part II. British Literature (30 points)I. Fill in the blanks:write your answers on your Answer Sheet after the numbers. (8 points)1. The shift in English literature from emphasis on reason to instinct and emotion was intellectually prepared for by a number of thinkers in the later half of the 18th century. One is __________, the French philosopher who is generally regarded as the father of romanticism. Another two are Edmund Burke and Thomas Painer.2. Except for Satan in Paradise lost, the revengeful Heathcliff in __________ has no equal in English literature. His intense love for Catherine and his relentless revenge on his enemy mark him a unique figure.3. In the first two books of ________ the Christian God is described by Satan and his followers as a tyrant, while on the other hand all the fallen angels in council voice unanimously their determination to fight for their freedom and their will to defy tyranny and plot revenge.4. The title of Thackeray’s novel Vanity Fair is taken from John Bunyan’s ________, in which the protagonist Christian passes a Vanity Fair, where all sorts of vanity are sold.5. Although the novel was the predominating genre of literature in the _______age, there were still some prominent romantic poets like Alfred Tennyson and Robert Browning.6. The works by the Bronte sisters are marked by a new concept of women as heroines of vital strength and passionate feelings. In Jane Eyre, it is Jane’s rebelliousness, her dislike for servility, and her insistence on _______ that make the book unique.7. As the last important novelist of the Victorian age, Hardy was ______ in his view of life. His philosophy was that every thing in the universe is determined by the Immanent Will, which is hostile towards human beings’ desire for joy.8. In the last thirty year of the 16th century there was a flourishing of drama which England had never seen before. Several predecessors to Shakespeare were called University Wits, among whom the most prominent was Christopher Marlowe, who was famous for ____________.II. Identify the title of the work of the following excerpts: write the titles of the works on your Answer Sheet. (10 points)1. Earth has not anything to show more fair:Dull would he be of soul who could pass byA sight so touching in its majesty…2. Jimmy: God, how I hate Sundays! It’s always so depressing, always the same. Wenever seem to get any further, do we? Always the same ritual. Reading thepapers, drinking tea, ironing. A few more hours, and another week gone. 3. The isles of Greece, the isles of Greece!Where burning Sappho loved and sung,Where grew the arts of war and peace,Where Delos rose, and Phoebus sprung!4. Old Mrs. Linton paid us several visits, to be sure, and set things to rights, and scolded and ordered us all; and when Catherine was convalescent, she insisted on conveying her to Thrushcross Grange: for which deliverance we were very grateful.5. To record of Mr Dombey that he was not in his way affected by this news (his wife is dying), would be to do him an injustice. He was not a man of whom it could properly be said that he was ever startled, or shocked ….6. On nothing per annum, then, and during a course of some two of three years, of which we can afford to give but a very brief history, Crawley and his wife lived very happily and comfortably at Paris. It was in this period that he quitted the Guards, and sold out of the army.7. Go, and catch a falling star,Get with child a mandrake root,Tell me, where all past years are,Or who cleft the Devil’s foot…8. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.9. I grant this food will be somewhat dear, and therefore very proper for landlords, who, as they have already devoured most of the parents, seem to have the best title to the children. Infant’s flesh will be in season throughout the year....10. She speaks, yet she says nothing. What of that?Her eye discourses: I will answer it.I am too bold, ‘tis not me she speaks.III. Answer the question concerning the following paragraph from The Merchant of Venice: write your answers on your Answer Sheet. (12 points)The quality of mercy is not strain’d,It droppeth as the gentle rain from heavenUpon the place beneath: it is twice bless’d;It blesseth him that gives, and him that takes:‘Tis mightiest in the mightiest; it becomesThe throned monarch better than his crown;His sceptre shows the force of temporal power,The attribute to awe and majesty,Wherein doth sit the dread and fear of kingsBut mercy is above this sceptral sway:It is enthroned in the hearts of kings,And earthly power doth then show likest God’sWhen mercy seasons justice.Question: Paraphrase the lines above. (Pay special attention to the words and phrases underlined.)Part III. American Literature (30 points)I. Fill in the blanks:write your answers on your Answer Sheet after the numbers.(10 points)1. Culminated around the 1840s, from Jefferson’s death in 1826 to the Civil War in 1861, was the age of the literary giants. They developed the new national literature of America founded by__________ and______________.2. With open, fluid and long lines sweeping across the pages, ______ wrote in his poems about all kinds of things, the ants, leaves, our hearing and even breathing, expressing his love of life and philosophy about life particularly in the image of grass.3. Name two fiction writers in the first part of 19th c American literature:____________, ___________.4. The 1920s was another golden age of American literature, which boasted of a number of great writers. Among them, ________ is regarded as the spokesman of the Lost Generation; ____________ as an active participant of the Jazz Age, and ____________ as a representative of the Harlem renaissance.5. With _________ as his representative work, and depicting sympathetically about the poor, oppressed California farmers, migrants, and laborers, John Steinbeck is recognized as the foremost writer of the Great Depression in America.6. The 1960s are remembered as a time of widespread social disturbances in America. In the South, ________ organized the black Civil Rights Movement, demanding fully equal treatment for blacks under the law.II. Identify the title of the work of the following excerpts: write the titles of the works on your Answer Sheet. (8 points)1. To go into solitude, a man needs to retire as much from his chamber as from society. I am not solitary whilst I read and write, though nobody is with me. But ifa man would be alone, let him look at the stars.2. And the Raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sittingOn the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door;3. A child said what is grass? fetching it to me with full hands,How could I answer the child? I do not know what it is any more than he.I guess it must be the flag of my disposition, out of hopeful green stuff woven.4. A Slave Warehouse! Perhaps some of my readers conjure up horrible visions ofsuch a place. They fancy some foul, obscure den, some horrible Tartarus“informis, ingens, cui lumen ademptum.” But no, innocent friend! In these days men have learned the art of sinning expertly and genteelly ….5. “Miss Watson your runaway nigger Jim is down here two mile below Pikesville and Mr. Phelps has got him and he will give him up for the reward if you send.”6. When Caroline Meeber boarded the afternoon train for Chicago, her total outfit consisted of a small trunk,…It was in August, 1889. She was eighteen years of age, bright, timid, and full of illusions of ignorance and youth.7. Down, down, he swam till his arms and legs grew tired and hardly moved… This hurt was not death, was the thought that oscillated through his reeling consciousness. Death did not hurt. It was life, the pangs of life, this awful, suffocating feeling; it was the last blow life could deal him.8. My long two-pointed ladder’s sticking through a treeToward heaven still,And there’s a barrel that I didn’t fillBeside it, and there may be two or threeApples I didn’t pick upon some bough.III. Essay questions: write your answers on your Answer Sheet. (12 points)Read the except from Hemingway’s “In Another Country”, a story about the First World War, and then answer the questions.We all had the same medals…. The boys at first were very polite about my medals and asked me what I had done to get them. I showed them the papers …. After that their manner changed a little toward me, although I was their friend against outsiders. I was a friend, but I was never really one of them after they had read the citations, because it had been different with them and they had done very different things to get their medals. I had been wounded, it was true; but we all knew that being wounded, after all, was really an accident. I was never ashamed of the ribbons, though, and sometimes, after the cocktail hour, I would imagine myself having done all the things they had done to get their medals; but walking home at night through the empty streets with the cold wind and all the shops closed, trying to keep near the street lights, I knew that Ì would never have done such things, and I was very much afraid to die, and often lay in bed at night by myself, afraid to die and wondering how I would be when back to the front again.The three with the medals were like hunting-hawks; and I was not a hawk, although I might seem a hawk to those who had never hunted; they, the three, knew better and so we drifted apart.Questions:1. What kind of writer is Hemingway?2. How different are the metals of the boys and the narrator? And what differentcourage is depicted in the paragraph here through the images of the three boys and the speaker? How can you understand the image of hawks in the secondparagraph?Part IV General Linguistics (60 points)Part I Define the following linguistic terms in your own words (20 points, 4 points each).1.Metalanguage2.Allophones3.Inflection4.The referential theory5.The illocutionary actPart II Finish the following according to the requirements for each (15 points, 5 points each):1.What is macrolinguistics? List no less than three branches of macrolinguistics anddefine them briefly.2. Discuss the difference between DEEP and SURFACE structures.3. What is the difference between sense and reference? Use specific examples toillustrate three kinds of sense relations.Part III Provide as much information as you know about each of the following topics (25 points, 12.5 points each).1.What are the central notions Halliday’s systemic functional grammar?2. What is the theory of conversational implicature? Discuss the characteristics ofimplicature.。

北京科技大学2012年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 611 试题名称：基础日语（共 9 页）适用专业：日语语言文学说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

============================================================================================================= 一、語彙（１点×３０＝３０点）問題１：次の文の下線をつけた言葉はどのように読みますか。

その読み方をそれぞれのA、B、C、Dから一つ選びなさい。

（１点×１０＝１０点）１、あの人は穏やかでいい人だが、融通のきかないところがある。

今回のことについても、もう少し柔軟に考えてくれるといいのだが。

（１）穏やかA、おだやかB、さわやかC、なごやかD、ゆるやか（２）融通A、かくずうB、かくつうC、ゆうずうD、ゆうつう（３）柔軟A、しゅうけつB、じゅうけつC、しゅうなんD、じゅうなん２、全力を尽くして自己の記録を挑むことに意義がある。

（１）全力A、せんりょくB、ぜんりきC、ぜんりょくD、せんりき（２）挑むA、いどむB、つかむC、はげむD、はばむ（３）意義A、いいB、いぎC、いじD、いみ３、その僧は、さまざまな寺を巡りながら、自分に妥協ぜず辛抱強く修行を続けた。

（１）巡りA、さわりB、たどりC、まわりD、めぐり（２）妥協A、じゃきょうB、じゅきょうC、だきょうD、どきょう（３）辛抱A、じぼうB、じぽうC、しんぽうD、しんぼう（４）修行A、しゅうきょうB、しゅぎょうC、しゅこうD、しゅうこう問題２：次の文の下線をつけた言葉はどの漢字を書きますか。

北京科技大学2012年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题============================================================================================================= 试题编号： 844 试题名称：土木工程施工（共 2 页）适用专业：建筑与土木工程（专业学位）说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

总分：150分=============================================================================================================一、简答题（50分）1、网络图通常有几种？网络优化主要有哪3种?（7分）2、建筑地基可能存在哪五类问题？5分)3、脚手架按按材料不同分类有哪些？按支撑固定方式不同分类有哪些？(6分)4、预应力筋超张拉主要是为了考虑哪几方面引起的应力损失。

（4分）5、钢筋的加工内容包括哪些？（5分)6、钢筋冷拉有哪些控制方法？（2分）7、土方工程中，根据岩土的开挖难易程度分为哪些名称类土？（8分）8、影响新浇混凝土侧压力的主要因素有哪些？（5分）9、预制桩按施工方法有哪些？灌注桩按施工方法分为哪些？（8分）二、对错判断题（对画√；错画X；每题2分，共20分）1)正铲是自上向下切土，开挖停机面以下的土，适用于开挖一至四类土。

2)土经过烘干后压实，可测得土的最大干密度，用于控制土的密实度。

3)搅拌桩是通过高压泥浆切割土体，形成水泥土，从而加固地层。

4)灌注桩钻孔泥浆正循环是：泥浆池→泥浆泵→钻杆→钻头→钻孔与钻杆环形孔隙→泥浆池；5)刚性基础变形小，所以承载能力大。

6)用等值梁法设计单支点钢板桩时，取土压力强度为零的位置点为反弯点。

7)混凝土搅拌的二次投料法就是先将水泥投入搅拌机，加水进行预搅拌一半时间，然后再加入砂石子搅拌的一种投料方法。

北京科技大学2012年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题=============================================================================================================试题编号： 814 试题名称：材料科学基础（共 3 页）适用专业：材料科学与工程材料工程(专业学位) 说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

=============================================================================================================一、简答题(8分/题，共40分)1. 写出七种晶系的名称及点阵参数之间的关系；2. 简述临界分切应力的概念；3. 给出一级相变和二级相变的分类原则和相变特征；4. 分析金属或合金的结晶形态；5. 给出再结晶温度的定义。

二、纯Cu晶体在常温下的点阵常数为a=0.3615nm:1. 指出其晶体结构类型和配位数（3分）；2. 简略计算Cu原子半径、原子致密度和两类间隙半径（6分）；3. 画出Cu原子在（111）晶面的分布情况，并计算其晶面间距和原子在晶面上的致密度（6分）。

（共15分）三、分别画出下列离子晶体的布拉菲点阵(下图中的点阵参数均为a=b=c，α=β=γ=90º)。

(10分)NaCl CaF2CaTiO3四、示意画出下面的Ti-Zr体系中bcc和hcp相在1155、1139、1000和878K 时的Gibbs自由焓-成分曲线。

(15分)五、根据下面的Al-Zn相图,1. 写出其中的三相反应式（4分）；2. 画出x(Zn)=0.80合金的缓慢冷却曲线，并写出各阶段相对应的组织（8分）；3. 画出上述合金缓慢冷却到室温时的组织示意图，并计算各组织组成物的相对含量(8分)。