专业英语八级考试考前冲刺最新模拟试卷

专业英语八级模拟试卷800(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：How to Approach Discursive Writing? Good morning, everyone. Last class we discussed that it is possible to combine a process and product driven approach to writing. Today we will argue how to approach discursive writing. There are six stages which should be paid attention to in the process of writing. Since writing is primarily about organizing information and communicating meaning, generating ideas is clearly going to be a crucial part of the writing process. Getting started, as much for people writing in their own language as for those writing in a foreign language, is one of the most difficult and inhibiting phases of the writing process. Idea generating is a key in facilitating the transition from thought to paper. A brainstorming activity is an effective way of getting ideas flowing. Therefore, let’s come to see the first stage—brainstorming. Brainstorming consists of group discussion. Everyone would discuss an idea, the answer to or reasons for a problem. Fox example, in a lesson I taught previously I asked students to brainstorm the reasons why people take drugs.(1)Brainstorming involves thinking quickly and without inhibition, which can ultimately lead to an interesting piece of writing. I would remain in the background during this phase, only supplying the language support when you need it, so as not to inhibit you in the production of the ideas.(2)Evaluating ideas during brainstorming can be intimidating, and can have a negative effect, limiting the creativity the process is designed to promote. The relevance and practicality of the ideas produced during brainstorming can be assessed more objectively in the next stage, which is encouraging you to extend your ideas into a mind map, or spidergram.(3)It is in this stage that you can judge the quality and usefulness of your ideas. A mind map or spidergram is also an organized display of information, which can be more easily converted into a draft. Such graphics also make the hierarchical relationship of ideas more easily obvious, which will help you with the structure of your texts. OK, now we will review what we did learn in my previous lesson before discussing the third stage. I argued that it is possible to combine a process and product driven approach to writing. The above stepsmentioned here have focused on the varied classroom activities which promote the development of language use. It is these discussion stages, so important in helping you to decide what you want to say, that I believe to be of great importance from the “process driven approach”. It is after these discussion stages, and the organization of ideas in note form, that I tend to introduce a model text. The reading of a model text, so important in a product driven approach to writing, is not so as to subjugate your ideas to your organization, but so as to make you aware that there is a particular way to express your ideas. In this way you are given the form in order to enable you to adapt it to carry your own meaning. Ellis found evidence to suggest that “ focusing learners’attention on forms and the meanings they realize in the context of communicative activities, results in successful language learning. “(4)In the model text, on the one hand, we should focus on coherence, which refers to the logical development of ideas within a text and it is an important subskill for you to be aware of. I can highlight this in various ways, by focusing on the topic and function of each paragraph for example, or by examining how you have chosen to order your arguments. This focus will hopefully show you that if you are to convey your message successfully, you will have to make your text “reader friendly”. On the other hand, we should also pay attention to model text cohesion, which refers to the grammatical and lexical connections between individual clauses. The grammatical links can be classified under three broad types:(5)Referents such as pronouns, the article “the”, demonstratives and so on: Ellipsis which refers to leaving out of words or phrases where they are unnecessary: Conjunction which refers to a word which joins phrases or clauses together. (6)Pronouns, whether subject, object, possessive, relative, or reflexive, are often underused or misused while performing a writing task, resulting in either confusion as to the referent or tedious repetition of a noun. One way of raising awareness of the key function that pronouns play within a text is to circle all the pronouns, then use arrows to connect them to their referents. This shows that pronouns can be found by looking back or forwards in the text. There are many other activities that can be used to focus on cohesion. For example, replacing a sentence which is missing from each paragraph, or replacing the first sentence of each paragraph, matching clauses which have been separated or gapping conjunctions which you must replace from a selection. After raising your awareness of the grammatical and stylistic devices employed in the model text, you should begin to organize your mind maps into a linear format, i.e. , the text structure of the model text.(7)This provides you with an opportunity to further sift and/or logically connect your ideas, to focus them on the precise function of each paragraph, which will help to clarify your writing. We will also have to discuss the overall structure, i. e. , the order in which to relay your information, depending on the impact you wish to have on the reader. All of the above activities work best if carried out in groups as groupings make the tasks livelier and more enjoyable.(8)Moreover, if you can work together, assisting each other, then the atmosphere of the writing class may be less intimidating, and perhaps you will not be afraid of the complexity of writing tasks. The next stage involves you in writing the first draft of your texts with a partner. This pair work will help you see that writing really is co-operative, a relationship betweenwriter and reader.(9)Usually, the writer has to imagine a reader, but co-operative writing provides you with a reader and makes the task more realistic and interactive.(10)OK, let’s talk about the last stage: correction and reading. The first draft could be corrected in a number of ways, depending on your aims. I could code-correct, or simply underline errors, then help you to reformulate your first drafts with the aid of the model text. Once the final drafts are written, you should then exchange your compositions so that you become readers of each other’s work. This gives your texts a communicative purpose, as well as developing an awareness of the fact that you are always producing something to be read by someone else, rather than for the display of writing alone. So, now it’s much easier to approach discursive writing, isn’t it? We know that learning to write coherently, in a way suitable to one’s purpose and one’s audience is clearly a very difficult task. However, writing is a valuable skill, one which is worth all the classroom time and more spent on it. Therefore, I present writing as a stimulating process, and engage you in the act of creating a text, then help you to improve the effectiveness of your writing. I hope these suggestions provide you with enough hints. Thank you for listening.How to Approach Discursive Writing? How to improve the effectiveness of students’ writing? There are six stages which should be paid attention to in the process of discursive writing.I. Brainstorming—features: think fast and with no【B1】______【B1】______—teachers’role: supporters—evaluating ideas: intimidating and having a【B2】______effect【B2】______II. Assessing ideas—assess the【B3】______and usefulness【B3】______—organize graphics —establish a structureIII. Focusing on coherence and cohesion1. coherence—【B4】______of ideas 【B4】______—emphasizing the topic and function —examing the order2. cohesion —grammatical and lexical connections —classification of the grammatical links—【B5】______: pronouns and demonstratives【B5】______—ellipsis—conjunction —example:—results of misusing pronouns: confusion and【B6】______【B6】______IV. Organizing ideas—organize a linear format—emphasize the【B7】______of each paragraph【B7】______—discuss the integral structure—work in groups to avoid the 【B8】______atmosphere【B8】______V. Writing—co-operative writing between writer and reader—advantages: make the task more realistic and【B9】______【B9】______VI.【B10】______and reading【B10】______—reformulate the first draft: code-correction or underlining errors —exchange compositions after writing the final draft1．【B1】正确答案：inhibition2．【B2】正确答案：negative3．【B3】正确答案：quality4．【B4】正确答案：the logical development5．【B5】正确答案：referents6．【B6】正确答案：repetition7．【B7】正确答案：precise function8．【B8】正确答案：intimidating9．【B9】正确答案：interactive10．【B10】正确答案：CorrectionSECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.听力原文：W: Welcome to our program. I’m Donisha Adams. This week, I would like to talk about what science and comedy have in common. Welcome, Adam.M: Thank you.W: Imagine that a physicist and a chemist walk into a bar. Or is it a physicist and a biologist? There’s a reason science and comedy don’t usually mingle—but to biologist and comedian Adam Ruben, the two are related in more ways than one.(1)Ruben uses insights from his Ph.D. training and years working in alab to write Experimental Error, a humor column for Science Careers. He will share interesting things with us. So Adam, what science and comedy have in common?M: Well,(2)I think something that they have in common that people forget is that they’re both serious pursuits. I think a common misperception of comedy is that it’s not something serious, it’s not a real field. And I really wanted to teach a class on standup comedy- the history of standup comedy and its impact on society. And I pitched this class, and I was eventually told by the committee that they would never accept this class because it just wasn’t about a serious topic. And I think it’s a shame to dismiss comedy. It’s as serious as any other form of self-expression or social commentary. But science sort of already gets that, that little benefit of everyone hears science and they assume it’s serious.W: We know that you’re a funny guy, but are you funny in the lab or do you keep your scientist side separate from your comedian side?M: I actually really do kind of keep the two separate, and that’s mainly because I’m paranoid.(3)If you try to be funny in the lab too much, people will use it as the ready excuse for anything that goes wrong in the lab—Oh, well, it’s because he’s focusing too much on trying to be funny. I had an experience in grad school where my advisor found out that I did standup on the side, and all of a sudden it kind of became the reason why my experiments weren’t working. He said, oh, it’s because your mind is not on science, it’s on standup comedy.W; Well, is it harder to be a comedian or a scientist?M: I think you could make an argument both ways. I think you could say that it’s harder to make a living as a comedian.(4)I mean, to make a living as a scientist, it takes a long time to get there, but there is a set path that a lot of people follow. You go to school, you study science. You go to grad school, you study science. You come out, you get a job in science. And by the time you get that job, you’ve been doing lab work for years and years, and so whatever you’re doing in the lab is not too foreign. But so few people make actual careers out of comedy. Right now it’s not something I could fully support myself doing. I find science to be harder than comedy. When you have a problem in the lab, it can take you years to think of the correct solution. You may never find the correct solution.W: You also write a monthly column for Science Careers. Can you tell me a little bit about your current story?M: Sure. So the column is called Experimental Error. It’s a. humor column in Science, which still blows my mind that Science would have a humor column, and that I would be privileged enough to be able to write it. In fact, I think this is kind of my dream. If I went back in time and told myself a few years ago that I’d someday be writing a humor column in Science, I wouldn’t believe it. In fact, I think the way I know that this is my dream is that I know that my nightmare would be opening up Science and finding a humor column written by someone else.(5)It’s a humor column I’ve been writing for almost two years now. And every month I have a new topic, a new column about something pertaining to science careers.W: Throughout this interview, we’ve spoken about your comedic talents. So can we get a parting joke for our listeners?M: When I first started doing standup on campus when I was an undergrad, I thought the best thing in the world that I could possibly do on stage would be to tell math puns. And it went okay, because it was a campus full of other nerds. But then I got in the real world and started telling math puns, you know, on the comedy club at midnight inBaltimore, and people did not like it at all. You know that different types of mouthwash have different amounts of alcohol in them. And I wanted to see how much alcohol was in the mouthwash that I used, so I looked but it didn’t list it on the label. I guess the proof was beyond the text of this scope.W: Well, it was funny because I laughed.M: Well, thank you.W: Thank you so much, Adam.M: Thank you for having me. It was a lot of fun.11．What can we know about the interviewee from the interview?A．He used to be a biologist.B．He studies comedy at school.C．He is a column writer.D．He made mistakes in labs.正确答案：C12．Which of the following statements about the similarity between science and comedy is CORRECT?A．They both have a long history.B．They both have influence on the society.C．They both are subjects of study.D．They both are serious matters.正确答案：D13．According to the interviewee, what is likely to be the consequence of being funny in the lab?A．It will reduce the pressure of the experiment.B．It will distract people from their research.C．It will give people the excuse for mistakes.D．It will add inspiration and creativity to the lab.正确答案：C14．Which of the following best describes the interviewee’s feeling towards being a scientist?A．It takes too many years to finish the training.B．There’s a certain pattern on how to become a scientist.C．Everyday lab work is routine and boring.D．It is harder to make a living.正确答案：B15．What can we learn about Experimental Error from the interview?A．About 24 topics have been dealt with by the interviewee.B．Scientists can understand the humor better by it.C．Math puns are often employed in the column.D．Its opening was due to the interviewee’s suggestion.正确答案：ASECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.听力原文：(6)Norway’s government is refusing to let Apple take aerial photography of the capital city Oslo to create 3D images for its Maps app, reports local media. There are security concerns about access to detailed views of government buildings, says newspaper Aftenposten. Anyone wishing to fly over Oslo to take pictures requires a license from the authorities, which has been declined according to official documents. However, satellite imagery, as used by other map brands, is not protected. Nokia has 3D-imagery of Oslo in its maps but only for parts of the city. Security measures have tightened in Norway since Anders Breivik planted a bomb outside government premises in the capital before carrying out a separate killing spree at a youth camp two years ago.16．What is the news item mainly about?A．Norway government’s security concern about Maps app.B．The advantage of having satellite imagery in Maps app.C．The license required for making Maps app in Norway.D．Comparison of Apple’s Mas app with Nokia’s Maps app.正确答案：A听力原文：(7)Leaders of the European Union in Brussels have agreed to a deal for a Eurozone-wide banking supervisor that is designed to help prevent future catastrophic bank failures that could threaten the monetary union. (7)The agreement sets the stage for development of a legal framework to allow the European Central Bank to give emergency funds to ailing banks directly without going through national governments—bailouts which, in turn, have required bailouts for the nations themselves, as was seen in Greece and Ireland. The move is necessary to “break the vicious circle between banks and sovereigns,”said European Council President Herman Van Rompuy in a press conference early Friday. The leaders set a goal of approving the legislative framework by January 1, with the new supervisory mechanism “operational in the course of 2013,” Van Rompuy said. (8)The group also released a statement on the progress of Greece toward meeting budget cuts required to qualify for the next round of bailout payments, applauding “the determination of the Greek government to deliver on its commitments”and “remarkable efforts by the Greek people”while underlining the need for continued fiscal reform.17．What have the leaders of European Union agreed to do?A．To permit the local government to supervise the banks.B．To make the bankruptcy of the national banks legal.C．To allow European Central Bank give money to banks directly.D．To require the local government to bail out the suffering banks.正确答案：A18．According to the leaders of European Union, Greece governmentA．is qualified to carry out the mechanism first.B．has done well on meeting budget cuts.C．is in conflict with Greek people.D．needs to present an effective reform plan.正确答案：B听力原文：(9)The murder of six worshippers at a Sikh temple in the American midwest has put the spotlight on a violent type of music embraced by racist groups around the United States. Experts say the music, which glorifies the white race and heaps hate on other ethnic groups, is used to attract new members and spur them to violent action. “It’s the chief recruitment tool of the entire movement,”said TJ Leyden, who spent 15 years in the white-power movement but now works to counter its influence. “It’s what hooks the kids.”(9)The racist skinhead movement is just one type of white supremacist group. Others include the Ku Klux Klan, neo-Nazis and academic white supremacists. According to the Anti-Defamation League, there are probably 100,000 active white supremacists in the U.S. , but the number of racist skinheads is hard to count. Skinhead music has its roots in the hardcore punk scene of the late 1970s and early 1980s.(10)It is usually loud and aggressive, and the angry lyrics are often violent and filled with racist messages.(9)Wade Michael Page, the shooter who killed six Sikhs at a temple in the Midwestern U. S. state of Wisconsin, was heavily involved in the racist skinhead music scene. Page led a band called End Apathy, whose lyrics talked about genocide against Jews and other minorities.19．What makes the murder of six people at the temple catch people’s attention?A．The suspect is a member of skinhead music band.B．The case reflects the race conflict in the American Midwest.C．The kids’ response to the violent case is alarming.D．It was related to another case which occurred 15 years ago.正确答案：A20．Which of the following is TRUE about skinhead music?A．It became popular in the late 1970s and early 1980s.B．Both the fans and the musicians are usually skinhead.C．It often carries some kind of racist information.D．It originates from the Midwestern part of the U.S.正确答案：CPART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.This is census year in America, and although we hesitate to pre-empt the results of a mighty exercise that will involve over a million staff and whose calculations will not be complete until late December, we can confidently predict one finding. America’s Hispanic population, which is expected to come in at almost 16% of the total, will have overtaken its black population, likely to be put at around 2. 5 percentage points less, with Asians listing the last, only 2. 9 percent. In 2000, the last time this count was performed, 12. 5% of the population was Hispanic, and 12.9% African-American. Thanks to rapid immigration, legal and illegal, and a large stock of young people with a high birth-rate, America’s Latino population has grown twice as fast over the past decade as either its white or black population: and the gap is going to keep on widening. Half the babies in Texas, for instance, are born to Latina mothers, even though Latinos make up under 40% of that state’s population. And this is not only a phenomenon of the border states. Many new arrivals from Mexico head directly to look for jobs in the big cities of the southeast and northeast: and second- and third-generation Hispanics, perfectly acculturated by America’s melting pot, are now to be found everywhere. This steady advance has large consequences. Most obviously, it is changing the balance of American politics. The decennial census is the basis on which federal money is disbursed and seats in the House of Representatives, and consequently Electoral College votes, are allocated. Once the results of this year’s census are known, up to 18 states will see their congressional tallies altered. The big, mostly white, states of the northeast will be the losers. The Hispanic-rich border region will gain. America’s Hispanics, unlike its blacks, have traditionally failed to punch at their true weight. In the current House of Representatives in Washington D. C. , there are only 26 Hispanics, about 6% of the total: there are 41 African-Americans, much closer to their share of the population. Hispanic senators have been few and far between, as have Hispanic governors. One reason is that Hispanics have at least until recently been poorly organized. But this is changing. The Hispanic voter-turnout rate increases at every election. It hit 50% in 2008, up from 47% in 2004, though that is still a lot less than the 66% recorded by non-Hispanic whites or the 65% by blacks. In a fair number of keenly contested states, the Hispanic population in effect holds the balance of power: and as long as they continue to vote solidly Democratic(as they did in 2008, by a whopping 67—31% margin), that is great news for the blue party. The big Hispanic vote for Barack Obama in Florida turned that vital state from Republican to Democratic: the Hispanic vote also provedcrucial in Colorado, New Mexico and Nevada. It is not impossible to imagine that, in time, Texas’huge Hispanic population could turn America’s second-largest state Democratic. If the Republicans want to avoid that fearful fate, they need to reconnect with Hispanic voters, and fast. In principle it ought not to be too hard. Culturally conservative, strongly religious, family-oriented and with a long and distinguished tradition of service in America’s armed forces, Hispanics are natural Republicans. But they are also, on the average, poorer than whites, and they are rightly incensed at anything that smacks of xenophobia. George W. Bush managed to appeal pretty well to Hispanics, scoring an estimated 44% of the Hispanic vote in 2004. But from 2005 onwards, a hysterical Republican reaction to the prospect of immigration reform(which aimed, among other things, to regularize the position of the 12 m or so illegal immigrants living, for the most part peacefully and industriously, within America’s borders)undid all that. As well as the census, this year will see another attempt to tackle the immigration dossier. It would be overcynical to see this as a Democratic ploy to lure the Republicans into alienating a vital group of voters all over again. But there is great peril for a party that is in the process of confining itself to white voters and Southern states. If Republicans could this year once again embrace the opportunity that America’s Hispanics and its proximity to Mexico represents, they could do themselves a power of good.21．What can be inferred from the first paragraph?A．The census is revolving around the Hispanic and black population.B．The black make up 13. 5 percent of America’s population.C．Since last census, Hispanic population has risen by 12. 5% .D．The Hispanic population is increasing while the black is not.正确答案：B解析：推理判断题。

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷300(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of [A] , [B] , [C] and [D] , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.听力原文：W: Alexis Cruz may be young, but this up and coming actor has had a solid 20 years in show business. After attending the legendary “Fame” school, Alexis has landed one role after another in films starring actors such as Johnny Depp, Halle Berry, Vivica A Fox and Marlon Brando. I found Alexis to be not only enthusiastic about acting and enhancing his craft, but he is without a doubt, one of the kindest and warmest actors I’ve had the pleasure of interviewing. Hello, Alexis. How are you doing?M: Great Good to see you.W: When did you decide show business was the path you wanted to take?M: I started when I was 9 and it was something I had interest in and I was aware that I wanted to go further, I just didn’t know how. Even when I started at 9, when you’re that young, if you’ve got talent, you can read the lines and you’re cute, that’s enough. But, when I was about 13, I was auditioning for a role and I was up against Marc Anthony, the director sits me down and says, “You know, you’re not a very good actor, you’re a terrible actor, but I’m going to give you this part anyway.” It just stunned me! But some part of my brain clicked in that he was saying something to me and that I need to take acting classes. So I decided to listen to him and that same year I started training at the School for Performing Arts, the Fame school. It turned out to be the biggest turning point of my life. That’s where I learned to become an actor.W: You attended the infamous Fame school, what “extra something” did you have that scored a spot in the school?M: It wasn’t anything. When I was auditioning, their standards were really strict. I went through two days of the auditioning process with various exercises, tests and monologues to gauge your talent. There’s really no way to prepare for it.W: You have starred in films with some of the biggest names in the business. Which celebrity has given you the best advice through the years?M: I learned from Anthony Quinn about working my knowledge. I learned from him what it meant to learn my knowledge. Many, many, many years later, I learned from James Woods a combination of what I had learned... not to be a jerk.1. What do we learn from the beginning of the interview?2. According to Alexis Cruz, what is enough for a 9-year-old actor?3. According to the interview, what impels Alexis Cruz to take acting classes?4. What can the auditioning process of the Fameschool be summarized as?5. What can we learn from the interview?1．A．Alexis engaged in show business when he was 20.B．Alexis plays a leading role in every film he acts.C．Alexis is an easy-going and passionate actor.D．Alexis’s craft in acting needs to be improved.正确答案：C解析：由关键语句kindest and warmest，enthusiastic about acting and enhancing his craft可推知Alexis很随和，工作中是富有激情的，故C项为正确答案。

TEXT D To get a chocolate out of a box requires a considerable amount of unpacking; the box has to be taken out of the paper bag in which it arrived; the cellophane wrapper has to be torn off, the lid opened and the paper removed; the chocolate itself then has to be unwrapped from its own piece of paper. But this insane amount of wrapping is not confined to luxuries. It is now becoming increasingly difficult to buy anything that is not done up in cellophane, polythene, or paper. The package itself is of no interest to the shopper, who usually throws it away immediately, unless wrapping accounts for much of the refuse put out by the average London household each week. So why is it done? Some of it, like the cellophane on meat, is necessary, but most of the rest is simply competitive selling. This is abused. Packaging is using up scarce energy and resources and messing up the environment. Little reach is being carried out on the costs of alternative types of packaging. Just how possible is it, for instance, for local authorities to salvage paper, pulp it, and recycle it as egg-boxes? Would it be cheaper to plant another forest? Paper is the material most used for packaging —— 20 million paper bags are apparently used in Great Britain each day —— but very little is salvaged. A machine has been developed that pulps paper then processes it into packaging, e.g. egg-boxes and cartons. This could be easily adapted for local authorities use. It would mean that people would have to separate their refuse into paper and non-paper, with a different dustbin for each. Paper is, in fact, probably the material that can be most easily recycled; and now, with massive increases in paper prices, the time has come at which collection by local authorities could be profitable. Recycling of this kind is already happening with milk bottles, which are returned to the dairies, washed out, and refilled. But both glass and paper are being threatened by the growing use of plastic. More and more dairies are experimenting with plastic bottles, and British dairies would be producing the equivalent of enough plastic tubing to encircle the earth every five or six days! The trouble with plastic is that it does not rot. Some environmentalists argue that only solution to the problem of ever growing mounds of plastic containers is to do away with plastic altogether in the shops, a suggestion unacceptable to many manufacturers who say there is no alternative to their handy plastic packs. It is evident that more research is needed into the recovery and re-use of various material and into the cost of collecting and recycling containers as opposed to producing new ones. Unnecessary packaging, intended to be used just once, and making things look better so more people will guy them, is clearly becoming increasingly absurd. But it is not so much a question of doing away with packaging as using it sensibly. What is needed now is a more unimportant function. 45. The "local authorities" are ________. A) the Town council B) the police C) the paper manufacturer D) the most influential citizens 46. If paper is to be recycled ________. A) more forests will have to be planted B) the use of paper bags will have to be restricted C) people will have to use different dustbins for their rubbish D) the local authorities will have to reduce the price of paper 47. The environmentalists think that ________. A) more plastic packaging should be used B) plastic is the most convenient form of packaging C) too much plastic is wasted D) shops should stop using plastic containers TEXT E For me, scientific knowledge is divided into mathematical sciences, natural sciences or sciences dealing with the natural world (physical and biological sciences), and sciences dealing with mankind (psychology, sociology, all the sciences of cultural achievements, every kind of historical knowledge). Apart from these sciences is philosophy, about which we will talk later. In the first place, all this is pure or theoretical knowledge, sought only for the purpose of understanding, in order to fulfill the need to understand that is intrinsic and consubstantial to man. What distinguishes man from animal is that he knows and needs to know. If man did not know that the world existed, and that the world was of a certain kind, that he was in the world and that he himself was of a certain kind, he wouldnt be a man. The technical aspects or applications of knowledge are equally necessary for man and of the greatest importance, because they also contributing to defining him as man and permit him to pursue a life increasingly more truly human. But even while enjoying the results of technical progress, he must defend the primacy and autonomy of pure knowledge. Knowledge sought directly for its practical applications willhave immediate and foreseeable success, but not the kind of important result whose revolutionary scope is in large part unforeseen, except by the imagination of the Utopians. Let me recall a well-known example. If the Greek mathematicians had not applied themselves to the investigation of conic sections zealously and without the least suspicion that it might someday be useful, it would not have been possible centuries later to navigate far from shore. The first men to study the nature of electricity could not imagine that their experiments, carried on because of mere intellectual curiosity, would eventually lead to modern electrical technology without which we can scarcely conceive of contemporary life. Pure knowledge is valuable for its own sake, because the human spirit cannot resign itself to ignorance. But , in addition, it is the foundation for practical results that would not have been reached if this knowledge had not been sought disinterestedly. 48. The most important advance made by mankind come from ________. A) technical applications B) apparently useless information C) the natural sciences D) philosophy 49. In the paragraph that follows this passage, we may except the author to discuss ________. A) the value of technical research B) the value of pure research C) philosophy D) unforeseen discoveries 50. The title below that best expressed the ideas of this passage is ________. A) Technical Progress B) A Little Learning is a Dangerous Thing C) Man's Distinguishing Characteristics D) Learning for its Own Sake SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING Directions: In this section there are seven passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your answer sheet. TEXT F First read the following question. 51. The painting discussed in the passage can be found in ________. A. Paris, France B. Washington C. New York D. Moscow, Russia Now, go though TEXT E quickly in order to answer question 31. Russian-born Max Weber grew up in New York, studied art there, and then went back to Europe to familiarize himself with contemporary artistic developments. On returning to the United States, Weber worked in the new styles he had discovered in Paris and soon become recognized as a pioneer of American abstract painting. An example of his work at the National Gallery of Art in Washington D.C. is a 1915 painting entitled "Rush Hour, New York." Using abstract, geometrical forms, Weber has expressed the movement, noise, and vibrancy of the great metropolis. The picture blends elements of two European styles: cubism, which shows objects from a number of different angles of vision at the same time, and futurism, which portrays speed and objects in motion. Forceful lines and spiky forms throughout the composition convey the energy and vitality to the city. Weber expresses the citys diversity by juxtaposing forms with rounded and angular shapes to suggest specific elements of the urban landscape: skyscrapers, flashing lights, and hurrying people. 51. The painting discussed in the passage can be found in ________. A) Paris, France B) Washington C) New York D) Moscow, Russia TEXT G First read the following questions. 52. According to the first advertisement, anyone who ________ would receive ten shillings. A. found the umbrella B. gave a message C. left the umbrella at No. 10 Broad Street D. left the umbrellain the City Church 53. This is a story about ________. A. a useless advertisement B. how to make an effective advertisement C. how the man lost and found his umbrella owner D. what the merchant did for the umbrella owner Now read the text quickly and answer questions 33 and 34. A man once said how useless it was to put advertisements in the newspapers. "Last week," said he, "my umbrella was stolen from a London church. As it was a present ,I spent twice its worth in advertising, but I didnt get it back." "How did you write your advertisement?" asked one of the listeners, a merchant. "Here it is," said the man, taking out of his pocket a slip cut from a newspaper. The other man took it and read, "Lost from the City Church last Sunday evening, a black silk umbrella. The gentleman who finds it will receive ten shillings on leaving it at No. 10 Broad Street." "Now," said the merchant, "I often advertise, and find that it pays me well. But the way in which an advertisement is expressed is of extreme importance. Let us try for your umbrella again, and if it fails, Ill buy you a new one." The merchant then took a slip of paper out of his pocket and wrote:" If the man who was seen to take an umbrella from the City Church last Sunday evening doesnt wish to get into trouble, he will return the umbrella to No. 10 Broad Street. He is well known." This appeared in the paper, and on the following morning, the man was astonished when he opened the front door. In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colors that had been thrown in, and his own was among the number. Many of them had notes fastened to them saying that they had been taken by mistake, and begging the loser mot to say anything about the matter. 52. According to the first advertisement, anyone who ________ would receive ten shillings. A) found the umbrella B) gave a message C) left the umbrella at No. 10 Broad Street D) left the umbrella in the City Church 53. This is a story about ________. A) a useless advertisement B) how to make an effective advertisement C) how the man lost and found his umbrella owner D) what the merchant did for the umbrella owners f i d = " 1 1 7 " > 0 0 T E X T H F i r s t r e a d t h e f o l l o w i n g q u e s t i o n s . 5 4 . W h a t i s t h e w i n g s p a n o f t h e G o s s a m e r A l b a t r o s s ? A . 3 3 k i l o g r a m s B . 1 0 0 m e t e r s . C . 3 0 m e t e r s . D . H a l f o f t h e w i n g s p a n o f a D C - 9 . 5 5 . H o w m u c h p o w e r d i d t h e G o s s a m e r A l b a t r o s s n e e d t o k e e p i t f l y i n g ? A . A s m u c h a s a D C - 9 . B . L e s s t h a n o n e h o r s e p o w e r . C . T h e e h o r s e p o w e r . D . T h i r t y h o r s e p o w e r . N o w g o t h r o u g h T E X T H q u i c k l y i n o r d e r t o a n s w e r 3 3 a n d 3 4 I n J u n e 1 9 7 9 , B r y a n A l l e n , a b i o l o g i s t f r o m C a l i f o r n i a w h o i s a l s o a h a n g - g l i d i n g e n t h u s i a s t a n d a n a m a t e u r r a c i n g c y c l i s t , m a d e h i s t o r y b y p e d a l i n g a c r o s s t h e E n g l i s h C h a n n e l i n t h e G o s s a m e r A l b a t r o s s , a s u p e r - l i gh t , p r o p e l l e r - d r i v e n a i r c r a f t i n v e n t e d b y D r . P a u l M c C r e a d y . T h e G o s s a m e r A l b a t r o s s , a 33 - k i l o g r a m ( 7 2 - p o u n d ) a i r c r a f t w i t h a p o l y t h e n e - c o v e r e d f u s e l a g e a n d a w i n g s p a n o f 3 0 me t e r ( 1 0 0f e e t ) , t h e s a m e a s t h a t o f a D C - 9 j e t a i r l i n e r , w a s d r i v e n m o s t l y b y c o n v e n t i o n a l b i c y c l e c o m p o n e n t s . A l l e n s a t o n a b i c y c l e s a d d l e i n s i d e t h e t r a n s p a r e n t f u s e l ag e a n d p e d a l e d a b i c y c l e c r a n k a n d ch ai n - w h e e l t h a t t u r n e d a s p e c i a l u r e t h a n e c h a i n g e a r e d t h r o u g h t w o m o r e c h a i n - w h e e l s t o a p r o p e l l e r m o u n t e d a f t o f t h e w i n g . S h o r t l y a f t e r d a w n t h a t J u n e d a y , t h e A l b a t r o s s r o l l e d d o w n a h a r b o r e d r u n w a y i n F o l k s t o n e , E n g l a n d . P e d a l i n g h a r d , A l l e n g o t t h e a i r c r a f t a l o f t a n d c h u r n e d h i s w a y t o w a r d F r a n c e . A f t e r a l m o s t t h r e e h o u r s o f p e d a l i n g t o p r o d u c e a c o n s t a n t o u t p u t o f a b o u t 0 . 3 h o r s e p o w e r , h e l a n d e d o n a b e a c h n e a r C a l a i s , t h e f i r s t p e r s o n t o f l y a h u m a n - p o w e r e d c r a f t a c r o s s t h e C h a n n e l . A l l e n a n d a n A m e r i c a n t e a m l e d b y D r . M c C r e a d y w e r e a w a r d e d t h e 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 p r i z e b y H e n r y K r e m e r , a B r i t i s h i n d u s t r i a l i s t , f o r t h e f i r s t s u c c e s s f u l n o n s t o p h u m a n - p o w e r e d f l i g h t a c r o s s t h e E n g l i s h C h a n n e l . A l l e n a n d M c C r e a d y w e r e n o s t r a n g e r s t o h u m a n - p o w e r f l i g h t . T h e y a n d t h e A m e r i c a n t e a m h a d p r e v i o u s l y w o n t h e 2 5 , 0 0 0 K r e m e r p r i z e f o r t h e f i r s t s u c h s u s t a i n e d f l i g h t w h e n t h e y h a d s u c c e s s f u l l y f l o w n a o n e - m i l e f i g u r e - e i g h t c o u r s e i n M c C r e a d y s G o s s a m e r C o n d o r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 1 8 " > 0 0 5 4 . W h a t i s t h e w i n g s p a n o f t h e G o s s a m e r A l b a t r o s s ? / p > p b d s f i d = "1 1 9 " > 0 0 A ) 3 3 k i l o g r a m s / p > p b d s f i d = " 12 0 " > 0 0 B ) 1 0 0 m e t e r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 1 " > 0 0 C )3 0 m e t e r s . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 2 " > 0 0 D ) H a l f o f t h e w i n g s p a n o f a D C - 9 . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 2 3 " > 0 0 5 5 . H o w m u c h p o w e r d i d t h e G o s s a m e r A l b a t r o s s n e e d t o k e e p i t f l y i n g ? / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 24 " > 0 0 A ) A s m u c h a s a D C - 9 . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 25 " > 0 0 B ) L e s s t h a n o n e h o r s e p o w e r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 26 " > 0 0 C ) T h e e h o r s e p o w e r . / p > p b d s f i d = " 1 27 " > 0 0 D ) T h i r t y h o r s e p o w e r . / p > p b d s f i d =" 1 2 8 " > / p > / d i v > d i v i d = " f l o a t _ b t n " c l a s s = " " b d s f i d = " 1 2 9 " > b u t t o n c l a s s = " f l o a t _ b t n l e f t _ b t n " i d = " c o p y _ b u t t o n " d a t a - c l i p b o a r d - a c t i o n = " c o p y " d a t a - c l i p b o a r d - t a r g e t = " # c o n t e n t - t x t " o n c l i c k = " d o _ c o p y ( ) ; " b d s f i d = " 1 3 0 " > e m c l a s s = " i c o n " b d s f i d = " 1 3 1 " >。

专业英语八级模拟试卷850(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. LANGUAGE USAGE 4. TRANSLATIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)you fill in is(are)both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. (a thirty-second interval) Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work. The Delivery of Humor Good morning. Last time, we had an in-depth discussion about the definition and the psychology of humor in speeches. Today, we’ll look at something else about humor. One question that comes up most often when discussing humor is delivery. Delivery could be defined as the ability of the speaker to present the humorous material in the most effective way. How many times have you heard a person tell a long, labored, complicated joke, only to swallow the ending and leave everyone frustrated? You may have heard that anyone can tell a joke. Well, perhaps. But a joke is only the raw material: it must be crafted to fit smoothly into your talk. You are likely there to educate and/or entertain. If you are there to educate, a judicious use of humor in your talk will keep the audience with you, always waiting for the next gem. Their attention will be to you and your message. If you are there strictly to entertain, then a string of jokes will not be the way to go either. A look at the definition of a joke will have a direct bearing on your ability to “deliver”humor. Consider the definition: A joke is a brief oral narrative with a climactic humorous twist. Within that simple definition lies two critical points you must know to use humor successfully. First of all, it is BRIEF. Second, it has a climactic twist. For humor to work, it must spring upon the mind in an unexpected way, without a long-drawn-out setup. When you incorporate humor into your talk, it should slide in naturally. The setup must be direct and to the point, without too much embellishment. If you throw in all of the bells and whistles, going to extremes to paint the picture, you may make known the existence of the humor, thereby reducing its effectiveness. As for the climactic twist, make every effort to put it at the veryend of the story. The closer the twist is to the very end, the more effective the surprise. What you are delivering is the setup of the humor followed by the climactic humorous twist. In today’s quick-paced environment, people don’t like to hear jokes that are too “built up”. They like things to be brief, concise and neat. And the same goes for the climactic humorous twist. It must be neat, absolutely clear and sudden. You can improve your delivery through regular practice. One thing you can control is the length of the pause before delivering the punchline. Jack Benny was famous for his ability to use the pause to heighten the impact of the punchline. One of the most common questions asked about humor relates to timing and delivery. Timing can make the difference between a joke that is extremely effective and one that flops. Usually, timing relates to the delivery of the punchline. Jack Benny was a master at timing when he delivered his punchlines. Timing is concerned with the amount of time delay between the end of the setup of the joke and the delivery of a punchline. Too short a time and the impact is lessened by the abrupt end of the joke. It is your task to listen to the delivery of punchlines by professionals and to see how they wait until just the right amount of time has passed before they deliver the punchline. In your practice, notice how you can vary the delay to achieve the most effective results. To use humor effectively, your materials need to be practiced and perfected. Once you have found material that looks promising, work on it in your mind. Roll it over. Massage it. Look for ways to make it appear spontaneous. Connect it to the important points of your message, weaving it in as a seamless part of your patter. Make it yours. Charlie’s “The Bird” story is a good one to start learning and practising with. It has been said that anyone can tell a joke. Mark Twain said, “The humorous story is strictly a work of art —high and delicate art —and only an artist can tell it: but no art is necessary in telling the comic and witty story: anybody can do it.” Perhaps, but even telling jokes takes some skill. I have heard, however, “The Bird” story ruined by several well-meaning speakers. Learn it word for word and practice it so that each separate part generates its own laughter. Pace, intonation, pauses all are critical elements that can be used to make this bird story fly or flop. It is a long humorous story with many details. Don’t try it out until you can do it well. Then, tell it as often as possible, practicing your delivery. If you need to illustrate the importance of being detail-oriented in customer service, you may find that you can use this in a public speaking situation. But for now, practice this on friends, once you have it down well. When you present this humorous story, have fun doing it, but be diligent in your observations of the responses of listeners. Every time you present your material, look for ways to improve it. The old saying still goes: practice makes perfect! I hope today’s lecture can offer you some insights into humor and the art of speaking. Thank you.The Delivery of HumorI. Understanding deliveryA. definition: the ability of the speaker to present the humorousmaterial in the______way【T1】______B. characteristics(drawn from the definition of a joke)-______【T2】______The setup should be direct and______.【T3】______Otherwise, the humor will be______.【T4】______—a climactic twistbeing neat, absolutely clear and______【T5】______II. ______delivery【T6】______A. control over______【T7】______—definition:______between the end of the setup and the【T8】______delivery of a punchline—learning from______and noticing how to vary the delay【T9】______to achieve the most effective results B. ______the material【T10】______—working on it in one’s mind—seeking to make it appear______【T11】______—connecting it to the important points of one’s message—weaving it in as a/an______part of the speech 【T12】______III. Suggested practice material: “The Bird” storyThe idea that anyone can tell a joke is______.【T13】______Suggested steps for practice—learning it______and practicing it【T14】______—working on details—telling it as often as possible—observing______【T15】______1．【T1】正确答案：most effective2．【T2】正确答案：brevity3．【T3】正确答案：to the point/without much embellishment4．【T4】正确答案：less effective/known in advance5．【T5】正确答案：sudden6．【T6】正确答案：Improving7．【T7】正确答案：timing8．【T8】正确答案：the time(delay)9．【T9】正确答案：professionals10．【T10】正确答案：practising and perfecting11．【T11】正确答案：spontaneous12．【T12】正确答案：seamless/integral13．【T13】正确答案：wrong/flawed14．【T14】正确答案：word for word15．【T15】正确答案：listeners’ responsesSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of [A] , [B] , [C] and [D] , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.听力原文：In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONL Y. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.(a thirty-second interval) Now listen to Part One of the interview.A: (AnD)is a self-funded Hong Kong-based social network for artists across Asia. Many people probably never heard of it and they never proclaimed itsweb loudly, but having 800 artists including Jet Li and Kelly Hu as its official artists, AnD is indeed very special! Today, we have the great pleasure to have an interview with Stephen Wang, CTO of AnD, who is going to share with us some very interesting stories behind AnD. Good evening, Stephen.B: Good evening, Leslie.A: Would you please tell us the brief history of AnD?B: Well, AnD is a social network supporting artists including filmmakers, musicians, visual and performing artists. Artists come on board and establish their own profiles, like blogs, photo albums, events listings, forums and more, from which they can communicate and interact with other artists as well as safely communicate with fans. Regular users can become fans of the artists and establish their own profiles to help promote the artists that they like. The site is currently based in Hong Kong and a majority of the artists on the site are based in mainland China, but our network of artists and fans is global, reaching across to other parts of Asia as well as overseas.A: I heard that the original website is to support and promote a movie.B: Yes, that is The Heavenly Kings. This movie followed the rise and fall of a fictitious Hong Kong boyband named “Alive”. It provided a behind-the-scenes look at the challenges facing artists in Hong Kong. It also provided Hong Kong musicians with a platform to speak their minds about the state of the Hong Kong music scene, many issues of which apply to artists everywhere. While making and promoting The Heavenly Kings, we realized that it was not enough to just make a statement regarding the industry. We had to address the issues raised. So the idea was developed to create an online community that would be able to help artists in Hong Kong. The team was formed in Hong Kong in January 2007 and the new website was launched in April 2007.This is the end of Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on what you have just heard.Question 1Why is AnD “very special”according to the host?(Pause: 10 seconds)Question 2What is AnD?(Pause: 10 seconds)Question 3What can NOT be done with AnD?(Pause: 10 seconds)Question 4Why did they begin to have the idea of creating AnD?(Pause: 10 seconds)Question 5When was the new AnD launched?16．A．Because it is a household name in Hong Kong.B．Because some big names are included in its list of artists.C．Because it has 800,000 artist members worldwide.D．Because it covers many art forms.正确答案：B解析：根据原文Many people probably never heardof it and they never proclaimed its webloudly，but having 800 artists including JetLi and Kelly Hu as its official artists，AnD isindeed very special!，AnD并没有广为宣传、家喻户晓，但却有800位艺人成员，其中有些非常著名。

专业英语八级模拟试卷及答案解析（3）(1~16/共26题)Play00:0010:53Volume第1题Maslow´s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of【T1】______.【T1】______ Physiological needs: the most【T2】______ ones for survival. They【T2】______ include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usually one way to【T3】______these needs.【T3】______ 【T4】______ needs: needs for a)physical security:【T4】______ b)【T5】______ security.【T5】______ The former means no【T6】______, while the latter is concerned with【T6】______ freedom from【T7】______, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met【T7】______ through a variety of means, e.g. job security,【T8】______ plans, and【T8】______ safe working conditions. Social needs: human requirements for a)【T9】______:【T9】______ b)a sense of belonging. There are two ways to satisfy these needs: a)formation of relationships at workplace: b)formation of relationships outside workplace. Esteem needs: a)self-esteem i.e. one´s sense of achievement b)esteem of others, i.e. others´respect as a result of one´s【T10】______.【T10】______ These needs can be fulfilled by【T11】______, etc.【T11】______ Self-realization needs: needs to realize one´s potential. Ways to realize these needs are individually【T12】______.【T12】______ Features of the hierarchy of needs: a)Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively 【T13】______needs.【T13】______ b)Needs are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom up. c)【T14】______ for needs comes from the lowest un-met level.【T14】______ d)Different levels of needs may【T15】______ when they come【T15】______ into play.第2题【T1】第3题【T2】第4题【T3】第5题【T4】第6题【T5】第7题【T6】第8题【T7】第9题【T8】第10题【T9】第11题【T10】第12题【T11】第13题【T12】第14题【T13】第15题【T14】第16题【T15】下一题(17~21/共26题)Play00:0005:20Volume第17题16．A.She felt bored.B.She felt lonely.C.She cherished them.D.The subject was easy.第18题17．A.She just followed the crowd.B.Someone else gave her the advice.C.She was interested in that area.D.She conceded to her parents´ thoughts.第19题18．A.The teachers just gave lectures and asked students to read books.B.The teachers were excellent and they had a special teaching method.C.The teachers described a particular situation and told students what might happen.D.The teachers ask students to do some reading and confirm teachers´ ideas.第20题19．A.Doing surveys at workplace.B.Analyzing survey results.C.Designing questionnaires.D.Taking a psychology course.第21题20．A.The nature of work.B.Office decoration.C.Office location.D.Work procedures.上一题下一题(22~26/共26题)Play00:0005:12Volume第22题21．A.She felt unhappy inside the company.B.She felt work there too demanding.C.She was denied promotion in the company.D.She longed for new opportunities.第23题22．A.She was willing and ready.B.She sounded mildly eager.C.She was a bit surprised.D.She sounded very reluctant.第24题23．A.She learned how to do word processing.B.She did a secretarial course.C.She taught others typing and shorthand.D.She got a job in an advertising agency.第25题24．A.She would do experimental design only.B.She would continue to be an administrative assistant.C.She would be a teacher.D.She aimed to be a lecturer.第26题25．A.A career path the company would encourage Miss Green to take.B.The salary and welfare the company would offer.C.An MA in Experimental Psychology.D.The courses Miss Green would take.上一题下一题(27~30/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1)Distant indeed seem the days when the two great rivals of commercial aviation, Boeing and Airbus, would use big air shows to trumpet hundreds of new orders. This year´s Paris Air Show was a much more sombre affair, even if the Boeing-Airbus feud still took centre stage.(2)There were one or two bright spots. Airbus was able to boast of a firm order for ten of its wide-body A350s from AirAsia X. John Leahy, its top salesman, expects deliveries in 2009 to match the record 483 in 2008. Boeing, which was hit by a prolonged strike last year, will probablydeliver more aircraft this year than last. Both firms built up huge backlogs in the fat years: each has orders for about 3,500 planes.(3)But many of those may soon evaporate. Giovanni Bisignani, the boss of IATA, the trade body that speaks for most airlines, gave warning earlier this month that his members might defer as many as 30% of aircraft deliveries next year. He also almost doubled his forecast for the industry´s cumulative losses in 2009, to $ 9 billion.(4)Both Mr. Leahy and Jim McNerney, the chief executive of Boeing, think that Mr. Bisignani is overdoing the gloom. But they concede that potential customers may find purchases hard to finance. Another issue is the cost of fuel. Mr. McNerney thinks the recent increase in the oil price should encourage carriers to replace elderly gas guzzlers with efficient new planes. But if the price "spikes over $ 100" all bets are off.(5)The two aviation giants agree on one other thing: the industry will not get a successor to its ubiquitous short-haul workhorses, the 737 and the A320, for more than a decade. That is partly because the 15 - 20% efficiency gain that airlines say they want from the next generation is, says Mr. McNerney, "a bar that keeps moving north" thanks to the continuous improvements of 1% -2%a year that the manufacturers are making to existing planes.(6)Moreover, both Boeing and Airbus are conserving cash for a long and bitter scrap to dominate the market for long-haul aircraft with up to 350 seats. Boeing´s troubled 787 Dreamliner will at last take to the air this month, two years late. The production problems that stemmed from both the revolutionary use of composites and an extended global supply chain appear to have been overcome. To speed up deliveries of the 787, for which Boeing has received more than 860 orders, Mr. McNerney is planning a second assembly line.(7)The delays to the 787 have been a godsend for Airbus. Its rival, the slightly bigger A350, is on track to fly in early 2012 after a painful gestation. With nearly 500 orders, Airbus claims that the A350 is selling even faster than the record-breaking 787 did at the same stage in its development. The biggest concern for Boeing, however, is not that the A350 will take sales from the 787, but that its largest variant, the A350-1000, will be a strong rival to its successful 777. Mr. McNerney says that Boeing can afford to wait and see how great a threat the biggest A350 is. But according to Airbus executives, Boeing will be faced with the dilemma of merely upgrading the 777 or taking the bigger and more costly step of building a replacement.(8)The A350 and the 787 are at the heart of the long-running and acrimonious dispute between Boeing and Airbus at the World Trade Organisation(WTO)over state subsidies for large commercial aircraft. This week European governments declared that they were ready to contribute 3.5 billion($ 4.9 billion)of reimbursable launch aid to the 11 billion cost of developing the A350. The announcement had Boeing executives scurrying to their BlackBerrys to condemn what they saw as a "provocative" move given that the WTO is expected to issue a ruling on Boeing´s complaint within weeks(a ruling on a counter-complaint by Airbus is due later in the year).(9)Louis Gallois, the chief executive of EADS, the parent company of Airbus, denied there was anything odd about the timing: "We do not plead guilty," he said. "Our support is much more transparent than Boeing´s. We have fully repaid with interest the support we received for the A320 and A330 and we are already paying back on the A380(super-jumbo). " Tom Enders, the chief executive of Airbus, added that the aid was aimed only at "levelling the playing field" and that the European Union had described the 787 as the most subsidised commercial aircraft inhistory.第27题It can be inferred from Para. 1 that Boeing and Airbus______.A.have not suffered from a reduction of new orders until this yearB.did not compete with each other intensely in the pasted to advertise their success in business at air showsD.would have to resolve their rivalry as early as possible第28题According to the passage, Airbus and Boeing shared the following challenges EXCEPT______.A.financial trouble of potential customersbour dispute with their employeesC.risk of oil price higher than $ 100D.difficulties in developing new aircrafts第29题Boeing executives found the announcement of Airbus "provocative" because______.A.Airbus received higher subsidies than BoeingB.Airbus received new subsidies while the old dispute remained unsolvedC.Airbus didn´t have to repay the newly announced subsidiesD.WTO ruling is expected to be in Airbus´s favour第30题Which type of the aircrafts mentioned in the passage will be the last to begin delivery?A.Boeing 787.B.Boeing 777.C.A380.D.A350.上一题下一题(31~34/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1)Scientist, engineer, musician and great artist, Leonardo da Vinci is the archetypal Renaissance man. This undisputed genius, who lived to be 67, was also one of history´s most accomplished underachievers. He started many projects he did not finish: he accepted commissions he never began: his many planned treatises remained just notes. Only 18 of his paintings survive. Half of them are included in a show that opened on November 9th at London´s National Gallery, making this the most important da Vinci display ever.(2)The artist was born near Florence in 1452 and went to Milan at the age of 30. Luke Syson, the show´s curator, has come to believe that the freedom da Vinci enjoyed there as court painter to Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan, was the key that unlocked his genius.(3)Mr. Syson´s contention that Leonardo´s great breakthrough came in Milan and not later in Florence, as has generally been accepted until now, has captivated curators, collectors and museum directors who have been generous in loaning works to the show: from the Vatican, Prague, Cracow, Paris and the Royal Collection.(4)All the pictures on show were painted during da Vinci´s 18 years in Milan. Never has it beenpossible to see so many of da Vinci´s paintings together. There are also some 50 drawings, including the monumental Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and Saint John the Baptist(sometimes called The Burlington House Cartoon).(5)The one picture missing from this period is The Last Supper, which is painted on a wall. This work, which is badly damaged, is represented here by a large photograph and a near-contemporary(though far inferior)copy. In pages from a notebook da Vinci´s slanted "mirror" writing describes the guests at a dinner. With a novelist´s interest in detail, he carefully observed the shrug of one man´s shoulders, the position of another´s hands, the scowl on one face and the frown on yet one more.(6)The exhibition is arranged thematically: in addition to "Beauty and Love" , there is also "Character and Emotion" and "Body and Soul". The visitor quickly comes face to face with The Portrait of Cecilia Gallerani, also known as The Lady with an Ermine. Although the image is familiar from reproductions, the radiance of the painting is surprising. Further along is an unfinished, yet searing, Saint Jerome. For the first time, both versions of The Virgin of the Rocks, one the National Gallery´s own and the other belonging to the Louvre, are shown together.(7)The two versions hang at opposite ends of the long exhibition space. The more one looks at the two pictures, the more visible are the differences between them: the strangely formed rocks in the Louvre´s version create a protective atmosphere, whereas in the National Gallery´s painting the rocks seem quite eerie, contributing to the overall sepulchral feel of the work.(8)As a philosopher and scientist, da Vinci strove to understand what he observed in his close studies of nature. Art was an expression of his thoughts. The Lady with an Ermine shows the Duke of Milan´s teenage mistress in a fashionable red gown, its slit sleeves revealing a pale underdress. Da Vinci, always fascinated by knots, carefully details the way the black ribbons are tied on Cecilia´s left sleeve. Her right arm is in shadow. The ties on that sleeve are sketchy. The artist has taken into account his observation that visual acuity declines in the dark. The brain fills in necessary information. The sketchiness of the right sleeve helps bring the portrait to life, creating what Walter Pater, a 19th-century British essayist and art critic, described as a " reality which almost amounts to illusion".(9)Da Vinci would sometimes spend years thinking about a single painting. Mr. Syson hopes visitors to the National Gallery will, in turn, look long and hard at these works. Advance tickets for entry to the end of the year had sold out by the opening day. The show does not close until February 5th 2012, but advance tickets for its final weeks are going fast. Meanwhile, the only way to get in now is to queue for one of the 500 tickets being held back for sale each morning. The security checks are elaborate, but the wait is well worth it.第31题The original The Last Supper is not displayed at the show because______.A.its replica looks betterB.it cannot be movedC.it is not kept in LondonD.it does not fit into the theme of the show第32题Which of the following words can BEST describe the style of Leonardo da Vinci´s paintings?A.Radiant.B.Exquisite.C.Exotic.D.Sketchy.第33题Which of the following statements contains a pun?A....the key that unlocked his genius.(Para.2)B.Mr. Syson´s contention...has captivated curators...(Para.3)C....the monumental Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and Saint John the Baptist...(Para. 4)D....an unfinished, yet searing, Saint Jerome.(Para. 6)第34题The author´s attitude towards Leonardo da Vince is______.A.criticalB.neutralC.curiousD.praising上一题下一题(35~37/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1)One of the paradoxes of human biology is that the rich world has fewer children than the poor world. In most species, improved circumstances are expected to increase reproductive effort, not reduce it, yet as economic development gets going, country after country has experienced what is known as the demographic transition: fertility(defined as the number of children borne by a woman over her lifetime)drops from around eight to near one and a half. That number is so small that even with the reduced child mortality which usually accompanies development it cannot possibly sustain the population.(2)This reproductive collapse is particularly worrying because it comes in combination with an increase in life expectancy which suggests that, by the middle of the century, not only will populations in the most developed countries have shrunk(unless they are propped up by historically huge levels of immigration)but also that the number of retired individuals supported by each person of working age will increase significantly. If Mikko Myrskyla of the University of Pennsylvania and his colleagues are correct, though, things might not be quite as bad as that. A study they have just published in Nature suggests that as development continues, the demographic transition goes into reverse.(3)Dr. Myrskyla compared two things. One was the total fertility rate(the number of children that would be born to a woman in a particular country over the course of her life if she experienced the age-specific fertility rates observed in that country during the calendar year in question). The other was the human development index for that country. The HDI, a measure used by the United Nations, has three components: life expectancy: average income per person: and level of education. Its maximum possible value is one.(4)Back in the 1970s, no country got anywhere near one. Of the 107 places the researchers looked at, the best was Canada, with an HDI of 0.89. By 2005, however, things had improved markedly. Two dozen of what were now 240 countries had HDIs above nine—and something else remarkable had happened. Back in 1975, a graph plotting fertility rate against the HDI fell as theHDI rose. By 2005, though, the line had a kink in it. Above an HDI of 0.9 or so, it turned up, producing what is known in the jargon as a " J-shaped" curve(even though it is the mirror image of a letter J). In many countries with really high levels of development(around 0.95)fertility rates are now approaching two children per woman. There are exceptions, notably Canada and Japan, but the trend is clear.(5)Why this change has come about, and why the demographic transition happens in the first place, are matters of debate. There are lots of social explanations of why fertility rates fall as countries become richer. The increasing ability of women in the developed world to control their own reproductive output is one, as is the related phenomenon of women entering the workplace in large numbers. The increasing cost of raising children in a society with more material abundance plays a part. So does the substitution of nationalised social-security systems for the support of offspring in old age. Falling rates of child mortality are also significant. Conversely, Dr. Myrskyla speculates that the introduction of female-friendly employment policies in the most developed countries allows women to have the best of both worlds, and that this may contribute to the uptick.(6)No doubt all these social explanations are true as far as they go, but they do not address the deeper question of why people´s psychology should have evolved in a way that makes them want fewer children when they can afford more. There is a possible biological explanation, though.第35题Which of the following does NOT contribute to the falling fertility rate in many developed countries?A.Higher cost of raising children.B.More material abundance.C.Better availability of birth control measures.D.Improved social-security systems.第36题The following statements are consistent with Dr. Myrskyla´s view about demographic transition EXCEPT that______.A.the fertility rate in Canada doesn´t rise because of the lack of female-friendly employment policiesB.some countries experience another transition: fertility rate rises as they become more developedC.the rising female employment does not always result in reduced reproductive outputD.HDI is an important indicator for a country´s level of development第37题What is the role of the 4th paragraph in the development of the topic?A.To illustrate that fertility rates in some highly developed countries began to rise.B.To show that countries like Canada and Japan remain low fertility rates.C.To explain how demographic transition occurred from 1975 to 2005.D.To indicate that the trend of HDI is unrelated to fertility rates.上一题下一题(38~40/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1)Detroit seems to be where Wall Street meets Main Street. Tight credit is reckoned to have cost the American carmakers 40,000 sales in August, worth about $ 1 billion in revenue. The impact has been felt most by America´s Big Three—General Motors, Ford and Chrysler—which have suffered this year as consumers shunned gas-guzzlers in favour of the smaller cars mostly made by Japanese firms in American factories. Overall light-vehicle sales hit a 15-year low in September, with a fall of 27% compared with a year earlier. The problem is finance. "We have plenty of customers—what we don´t have is financing available to meet their needs," Mike Jackson, chief executive of AutoNation, a leading car-dealer chain, told CNBC this week. He reckons that tighter credit and limits on finance for leases have cost his firm a fifth of its sales this year.(2)The Big Three have been hit by petrol prices pushing towards $ 4 a gallon, by more demanding federal fuel-economy rules and by the credit crunch wrecking consumer finance. But the federal government came to their aid this week when George Bush signed an energy bill that includes $ 25 billion in loan guarantees to ease their pain. Supposedly this is to allow the Big Three to retool their factories to produce more economical vehicles. David Cole, director of the Centre for Automotive Research, an industry body, estimates that such retooling could cost at least$ 100 billion. But money is money, so the infusion of cheap credit will help the carmakers pay their bills next year. " Given the market position of the Big Three, things will get sticky by mid-2009, because they have to keep spending on new programmes," says Joe Philippi of Auto Trends, a consultancy.(3)The rules are still being worked out, but the deal means that car companies—blessed with the government guarantee—should get loans with an interest rate of around 5% rather than the 15% they would face on the open market in today´s conditions. The stipulation that the loans are only for firms with factories at least 20 years old rules out nearly all the "transplant" factories that foreign carmakers built in America to get around tariff barriers. And even if some Japanese carmakers do qualify for loans, they are not expected to ask for them.(4)So a sum that seemed preposterous only a few months ago has won overwhelming approval from politicians. Compared with the demand for $ 700 billion to underpin the financial system, who can complain about a mere $ 25 billion for carmakers? And using government money to keep honest, hardworking car-industry workers in their jobs is easier for politicians to justify than handouts for greedy Wall Street bankers. The sales-pitch is even more compelling in an election year.(5)Once industrial subsidies like this begin to flow, it is difficult to stop them. A recent study by the Cato Institute, a right-wing think-tank, found that the federal government spent some $ 92 billion subsidising business in 2006 alone. Only $ 21 billion of that went to farmers: much of the rest went to firms such as Boeing, IBM and GE in the form of export-credit support and various research subsidies.(6)The Big Three are already complaining that it will take too long to dish out the money, and they want the process speeded up. They also want a further $ 25 billion, possibly attached to the second version of the Wall Street rescue bill. The logic of bailing out Wall Street is that finance underpins everything. Detroit cannot begin to make that claim. But, given its successful lobbying,can it be long before ailing airlines and failing retailers join the queue?第38题American carmakers, especially the Big Three, are in deep trouble because of the following factors EXCEPTA.the increasingly high petrol pricesB.the impact of imported cars from other countries like JapanC.the tighter credit which impairs customers´ finance capabilityD.the consumers´ preference to more fuel-efficient vehicles第39题The passage suggests that in fact______can receive the guaranteed loans.A.all carmakers in need of retoolingB.old U. S. carmakers and dealers caught in troubleC.factories of foreign carmakers in the U. S.D.major carmakers like the Big Three第40题Politicians approve the loan guarantee for carmakers because of the following reasons EXCEPT that______.A.the money needed just becomes availableB.the bankers receive a much larger sumC.they hope to win more votes by doing soD.the car industry needs help上一题下一题(15/22)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.第41题PASSAGE ONE上一题下一题(16/22)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.第42题PASSAGE TWO上一题下一题(43~45/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.PASSAGE THREE第43题Why is the reproductive collapse particularly worrying?第44题What does "the line had a kink in it"(Para.4)mean?第45题What does the word "uptick" at the end of the 5th paragraph refer to?上一题下一题(46~48/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.PASSAGE FOUR第46题What´s the author´s attitude towards the industrial subsidy policy of the government?第47题What is the function of the 5 th paragraph in the passage?第48题What does "that claim" in the last paragraph refer to?上一题下一题(49~58/共10题)PART III LANGUAGE USAGESchools throughout the world are experiencing a period ofrapid change and, in many cases, are finding that extremely【M1】______difficult to achieve a balance among a number of critical concerns.Some of the issues that educators and schools are facing includecertainty about what academic and cultural knowledge and skills【M2】______will be needed by students in the future, wholesale revisions ofcurricula, experimentation in teaching strategies, the need forteachers and students to become aware and competent in using【M3】______new technologies, dramatic changes in bureaucratic and legislating【M4】______policies and regulations, and increased demands on teachers.With the exception of the education system in the UnitedStates, perhaps no education system has been studied more【M5】______intensively than of Japan. In 2001, in a well-balanced presentation【M6】______of the Japanese model of schooling, including its similarities toand fro differences with that in the United States, Tsuneyoshi【M7】______characterized the American approach to education as one thatplaces an emphasis on competitiveness, individual attention fromteachers along with individual accomplishment on the part ofstudents, development of cognitive abilities, and separation ofteachers in terms of their disciplines. In contrary, the Japanese【M8】______approach(particularly at the elementary school level)focuses onthe "whole child"; close interactions between teachers and pupilsfor long periods of time in cooperative settings with attention tocollected goals, tasks, and rewards; and efforts to provide the same【M9】______or very similar treatment for all students. One advantage of theAmerican approach that is seriously missed in the Japanese【M10】______approach is the former´s attention to diversity and a sensitivity and。

专业英语八级模拟试题及答案一、单选题（共49题，共98分）1.The old man shopd be treated with____.A.kindB.kindnessC.kindlyD.kinder2.The children shopd go to school instead of to support their families.A.to workB.workC.worksD.working3.By local doctors and nurses, we hope more people.A.train, helpB.training, helpingC.training, to helpD.train, helping4.I don’t have as ______ money as before, but my li fe is more______.A.many , usefpB.more ,niceC.most, goodD.much, meaningfp5.I hope you will spend as much time as you can ________ your English.A.to practiceB.practiceC.practicingD.on practice6.It’s necessary _________ us all to ________A.for, keeping learningB.to, keep learningC.of, keep to learnD.for, keep learning7.All we want to do ______ to find enough water _______the horses.A.are, toB.is , forC.be ,asD.is ,to give8.There is ______ little information about him that we have ______ much difficpty finding him.A.so, suchB.such, soC.so, soD.such, such9.That ’s ________exciting news that I’d like to tell everyone to share the joy.A.soB.suchC.such anD.so a piece of10.I ’d like to have a long holiday, but I’m really too busy to _____ the time.A.affordB.spendC.shareD.enjoy11.The foreigners _________there, but they _________the food there at first.A.u sed to live, didn ’t be used toB.are used to living, didn ’t use toed to live , weren ’t used toed to living, usedn ’t to12.The car is _____ expensive _____ he can’t buy it.A.too, toB.so, thatC.such, thatD.enough, thatst Friday I saw some boys ______ behind Daniel, _____ the computer games.A.sit, watchinB.sitting, watchC.sit, watchD.sitting, watched14.How I _____ I copd live on the moon.A.thinkB.hopeC.wantD.wish15.It’s necessary ______ us to keep our pets clean everyday.A.ofB.forC.withD.between16.---Wopd you like to go out for a walk with us?A.Of course notB.That ’s all righ tC.I ’d love toD.Yes, I do17.Is Tom at school today?No, He ’s at home ______ he has a bad cold.A.becauseB.ifC.untilD.before18.______ hard work it is!A.What aB.How aC. WhatD.How19.Mrs. White has _____ that she is not able to get a job.A.so little educationB.such little educationC.so a little educationD.such a little education20.People in some areas don’t have to pay for their ______.A.medicine treatB.medical treatC.medicine treatmentD. medical treatment21.Dr. Yang worked ______ three days ago.A.in hospitalB.at hospitalC.in a hospitalD.At a hospital22.Mr. Green is used to_________ two apples after lunch every day.A.eatB.eatingC.eatenD.ate23.The old man lives in a village_______, but he neverfeels________.A.alone; aloneB.lonely; aloneC.lonely; lonelyD.alone; lonely24.I ’ve nev er been out of China___________. What about you?A.alreadyB.overC.beforeD.just25.—I came to your office yesterday morning, but nobody was in.A.have hadB.hadC.were havingD.had had26.—Do you mind__________ here?A.me to smoke; Not at allB.my smo king; Yes, I don ’tC.me to smoke; Certainly notD.If I smoke; No. Please27.I_______ that there_______ an evening party on Saturday evening.A.was told; was going to haveB.was told; was going to beC.heard; was going to haveD.was said; is going to be28.We all found_____ to play the game.A.that interestedB.this interestingC.it interestingD.it ’s interesting29.I don’t understand ____ be lieve him.A.why don ’t youB.why you noC.why you don ’tD.why not you30.How long have you____?A.marriedB.be marriedC.got marriedD.been married31.He arrived____ London ____ a cold winter night.A.at; atB.in; onC.in; inD. \; on32.- We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.A.was happeningB.to happenC.has happenedD.having happened33.The little boy didn’t know_______.A.Which hat is hiB.which hat his isC.which hat was hisD.which hat his was34.Tom, with his parents______ to America. They_____ back in two weeks.A.have gone; will comeB.has gone; will comeC.have been; have comeD.have been; come35.It’s important_____ a foreign languageA.of us to learnB.For us to learnC.of us learningD.for us learning36.______ they are twin sisters, they don ’t look like each other.A.BecauseB.SinceC.ThoughD.However37.I don’t know ______ a show. Can you tell me?A.how organizeB.what organizeC.what to organizeD.how to organize38.My coat__________ there behind the door. Can ’t you see it?A.is hangedB.is hangingC.hangsD.has hung39.Project Hope is an organization _____ raises money to build schools and buy books for poor children.A.thatB.whoC.whatD.where40.—Have you finished the work?A.failedB.tryingC.triedD.failing41.They ’d like ____ thank the following people _____ their help and support.A.to; toB.for; forC.to; forD.for; to42.You ’d better sing. It doesn’t ______ whether you can sing well or not.A.workB.matterC.problemD.affect43.It’s your job________ the pop stars.A.introduceB.introducingC.introducesD.to introduce44.—How do you like this dress?A.OrB.SoC.ButD.Since45.The radio is________ a strange signal. What’s wrong with it?A.giving upB.giving inC.giving outD.giving away46.I ______ that I were a bird.A.wishB.hopeC.wantD.expect47.I hope my father____ ask me about my marks.A.notB.not toC.won ’tD.don ’t48.The fans were very excited______ David Beckham came to the show.A.soB.becauseC. butD.and49.I think____ important to learn English well.A.thisB.thatC.itD.you are1、正确答案： B2、正确答案： D3、正确答案： C4、正确答案： D5、正确答案： C6、正确答案： D7、正确答案： B8、正确答案： C9、正确答案： B10、正确答案： A11、正确答案： C12、正确答案： B13、正确答案： ABC14、正确答案： D15、正确答案： B16、正确答案： C17、正确答案： A18、正确答案： C19、正确答案： A20、正确答案： D21、正确答案： C22、正确答案： B23、正确答案： D24、正确答案： C25、正确答案： C26、正确答案： C27、正确答案： C28、正确答案： B29、正确答案： C30、正确答案： D31、正确答案： B32、正确答案： C33、正确答案： C34、正确答案： B35、正确答案： B36、正确答案： C37、正确答案： C38、正确答案： B39、正确答案： A40、正确答案： B41、正确答案： C42、正确答案： B43、正确答案： D44、正确答案： B45、正确答案： C46、正确答案： A47、正确答案： C48、正确答案： B49、正确答案： C。

专业英语八级模拟试卷及答案解析（1）(1~16/共26题)Play00:0010:52Volume第1题The American Two-party System I. Introduction A. the oldest political【T1】______ around the world【T1】______ B. the classical example of two-party system: the American political system —the dominant parties: the Democratic and the【T2】______ parties【T2】______ —the two-party system survived all attempts to assaults C. About dozen parties that nominate【T3】______【T3】______ D. Americans inevitably become one of the two parties because —there is usually no other place to go —most Americans know where they【T4】______ in the system【T4】______ II. Two-party system is so strongly【T5】______ because【T5】______ A The way【T6】______ are conducted: the Americans elect【T6】______ —【T7】______【T7】______ —about 800,000 of other【T8】______,【T8】______ —the congressman from single-member districts B. Organization of the House of Representatives ensures that —major party can maintain its【T9】______【T9】______ —major party is likely to win III. The consequences of the system A the 【T10】______ production of majorities【T10】______ —the competition between two parties —the【T11】______ of the victory of the winning party【T11】______ B. The peaceful【T12】______【T12】______ —the party in power can be overrun by the party out of power —two-party system cannot be destroyed —the【T13】______ can survive the defeat because of 【T13】______ a)the possibility of mamtaining a【T14】______ of the opposition【T14】______ b)the attraction of the support of those opposed to the party in power C. the tendency for the major parties to be【T15】______,【T15】______ e.g. business is conducted across party lines D. The work of the government carried on despite of divided party control第2题【T1】第3题【T2】第4题【T3】第5题【T4】第6题【T5】第7题【T6】第8题【T7】第9题【T8】第10题【T9】第11题【T10】第12题【T11】第13题【T12】第14题【T13】第15题【T14】第16题【T15】下一题(17~21/共26题)Play00:0004:56Volume第17题16．A.It includes all the compensation for loss.B.It includes a certificate of posting.C.It is perfect for sending documents of minor value.D.It is usually handled by very particular couriers.第18题17．A.All kinds of parcels.B.Airway letters.C.Railway letters.D.Inland postal packets.第19题18．A.It is signed by the recipient.B.It provides the recipient confirmation of delivery.C.It is free of charge.D.It will cost less at the time of posting.第20题19．A.The compensation for loss is limited.B.It will pay for valuable items.C.The compensation process is speedy.D.The compensation is inadmissible.第21题20．A.Recorded delivery is suitable for sending valuable things.B.Recorded delivery is a service with extra security.C.The packet is signed for by the addressee and a record is kept by the post office.D.The post office delivers recorded delivery to the addressee in person.上一题下一题(22~26/共26题)Play00:0004:23Volume第22题21．A.The packet should be fastened with adhesive substance.B.The packets should be posted in the mailbox.C.The packets needn´t be posted with relevant fee.D.The packets needn´t be wrapped in a strong cover.第23题22．A.Its contents can resist easy damage.B.Registered post provides a protection against damage.C.Registered post receives no special security treatmentD.There is special security treatment for registered post.第24题23．A.Partially included.B.Already covered.C.Partially stamped.D.Already excluded.第25题24．A.Coupons enclosed in the registered letter envelopes.B.Trading stamps sold by the post office.C.Bank notes and currency notes.D.All precious articles sold by the post office.第26题25．A.Neither of them accepts any airway letters.B.They both deliver mails to the addressee in person.C.Both require that the Advice of Delivery Form be signed by the post office official.D.Recorded delivery doesn´t compensate for bank notes, but registered post does.上一题下一题(27~30/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1) When the Viaduct de Millau opened in the south of France in 2004, this tallest bridge in the world won worldwide compliments. German newspapers described how it "floated above the clouds" with" elegance and lightness"and"breathtaking" beauty. In France, papers praised the "immense concrete giant". Was it mere coincidence that the Germans saw beauty where the French saw heft and power? Lera Boroditsky thinks not.(2) A psychologist at Stanford University, she has long been intrigued by an age-old question whose modern form dates to 1956, when linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf asked whether the language we speak shapes the way we think and see the world. If so, then language is not merely a means of expressing thought, but a constraint on it, too. Although philosophers, anthropologists, and others have weighed in, with most concluding that language does not shape thought in any significant way, the field has been notable for a distressing lack of empiricism—as in testable hypotheses and actual data.(3) That´s where Boroditsky comes in. In a series of clever experiments guided by pointed questions, she is amassing evidence that, yes, language shapes thought. The effect is powerful enough, she says, that "the private mental lives of speakers of different languages may differ dramatically," not only when they are thinking in order to speak, "but in all manner of cognitive tasks," including basic sensory perception. "Even a small fluke of grammar"—the gender of nouns—"can have an effect on how people think about things in the world,"she says.(4) As in that bridge, in German, the noun for bridge, Briicke, is feminine. In French, pont is masculine. German speakers saw female features; French speakers, masculine ones. Similarly, Germans describe keys (Schluessel) with words such as hard, heavy, jagged, and metal, while to Spaniards keys (Ilaves) are golden, intricate, little, and lovely. Guess which language interprets key as masculine and which as feminine?(5) Language even shapes what we see. People have a better memory for colors if different shades have distinct names—not English´s light blue and dark blue, for instance, but Russian´s goluboy and sinly. Skeptics of the language-shapes-thought claim have argued that that´s a trivial finding, showing only that people remember what they saw in both a visual form and a verbal one, but not proving that they actually see the hues differently. In an ingenious experiment, however, Boroditsky and colleagues showed volunteers three color swatches and asked them which of the bottom two was the same as the top one. Native Russian speakers were faster than English speakers when the colors had distinct names, suggesting that having a name for something allows you to perceive it more sharply. Similarly, Korean uses one word for "in" when one object is in another snugly (a letter in an envelope), and a different one when an object is in something loosely (an apple in a bowl). Sure enough, Korean adults are better than English speakers at distinguishing tight fit from loose fit.(6) In Australia, the Aboriginal Kuuk Thaayorre use compass directions for every spatial cue rather than right or left, leading to locutions such as "there is an ant on your southeast leg. " The Kuuk Thaayorre are also much more skillful than English speakers at dead reckoning, even in unfamiliar surroundings or strange buildings.Their language" equips them to perform navigational feats once thought beyond human capabilities," Boroditsky wrote on Edge. org.(7) Science has only scratched the surface of how language affects thought. In Russian, verb forms indicate whether the action was completed or not—as in " she ate (and finished) the pizza. " In Turkish, verbs indicate whether the action was observed or merely rumored. Boroditsky would love to run an experiment testing whether native Russian speakers are better than others at noticing if an action is completed, and if Turks have a heightened sensitivity to fact versus hearsay. Similarly, while English says " she broke the bowl," even if it smashed accidentally (she dropped something on it, say), Spanish and Japanese describe the same event more like "the bowl broke itself. " " When we show people video of the same event," says Boroditsky, " Englishspeakers remember who was to blame even in an accident, but Spanish and Japanese speakers remember it less well than they do intentional actions. It raises questions about whether language affects even something as basic as how we construct our ideas of causality. "第27题In the first paragraph, the author introduces his topic by______.A.explaining a phenomenonB.justifying an assumptionC.posing a contrastD.making a comparison第28题Lera Boroditsky most probably holds the viewpoint that______.nguage expresses thoughtnguage constrains thoughtnguage determines thoughtnguage and thought interact with each other第29题Which of the following statements is TRUE about the languages mentioned in the passage?A.Both the nouns for bridge and key are feminine in German.B.The language of the Aboriginal Kuuk Thaayorre is really helpful for sailing.C.Korean has a larger vocabulary than English in describing colors.D.Whether an action is completed or not is best shown in Spanish.第30题The author uses the following ways to develop paragraphs EXCEPT______.A.cause and effectB.deduction and inductionC.explanationD.definition上一题下一题(31~34/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1) What would the holidays be without lots of tiny twinkling lights? Less colorful and festive—but also a lot safer.(2) From living rooms to front porches across the country, homeowners are stringing millions of lights on Christmas trees or eaves and decorating their windowsills with electric, battery-operated or traditional candles. But according to the federal Consumer Product Safety Commission, too many are doing so with little regard to the hazards. Last holiday season there were about 200 Christmas tree fires in American homes, caused primarily by faulty lights and resulting in 10 deaths and more than $ 10 million in property loss, the Commission says. Another 14,000 house fires are started yearly by misplaced or mishandled flame candles, causing 170 deaths and$350 million in property loss. And about 10,000 people are treated at emergency rooms for injuries from falls, cuts or shocks while hanging lights or decorations.(3) The biggest causes of holiday fires are " candles and live trees" , said Kim Dulic, a Commission spokeswoman. The agency recommends battery-operated candles instead of real or electric, she said, along with fire-resistant artificial trees—or fresh well-watered trees.(4) A cut tree is fresh, she said, if the bottom of its trunk is sticky with resin and its needles are hard to pull and don´t break when bent. It is too dry if it sheds a shower of needles when bounced on the ground. A harvested tree should be cut about a half inch from the bottom and put in water within no more than three to six hours, said Rick Dungey, the public relations manager of the National Christmas Tree Association, in Chesterfield, Mo. " If you wait any longer, air molecules get in the trunk and they prevent the tree from siphoning water,"Mr. Dungey said, adding that people should water often and never let the water go below the cut end. Once a Christmas tree dries out, it is an accident waiting to happen, said Lorraine Carli, the communications vice president of the National Fire Protection Association, in Quincy, Mass. If ignited, it can be engulfed in seconds.(5) The most common cause is electrical—either an overused electrical system or faulty wiring. Brett Brenner, the president of the Electrical Safety Foundation International (ESFI), in Rosslyn, Va., said homeowners should make yearly inspections. " Cracked sockets, frayed or bare wires and loose connections can cause a serious shock or start a fire," he said. Use no more than one extension cord per socket, and string no more than three sets of lights together. Wires should not run under carpets or through windows or doors. He said outdoor outlets should be protected by a ground fault circuit interrupter—a breaker that trips with any interruption or problem with the ground wire. (An interrupter usually needs to be installed when an outlet is near or exposed to water; it generally costs less than $ 10.)(6) John Drengenberg, the consumer affairs director of Underwriters Laboratories, the testing group in Northbrook, 111., said that if lights are certified for indoors only, they must not be used outside; those certified for outdoors, however, can be used inside. No matter the kind, he said, if the bulbs are the screw-in type, there should be no more than 50 per outlet. Outdoor lights, he said, should be hung with plastic clip-on hangers, not metal nails or staples, which can pierce insulation and cause a short. And what about those who don´t take down their outdoor lights until the wisteria is in bloom in May? " You should never leave lights up all year round," Mr. Drengenberg said. "They´re not designed for year-round use. "第31题Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a cause of the holiday hazards?A.Accidents during decoration.B.Poor quality of bubbles.C.Careless handling of candles.D.Problematic management of lights.第32题According to the passage, what is the BEST choice of Christmas trees?A.A real tree that is soaked in water at the shop.B.A real tree whose needles don´t break when bent.C.An artificial tree with delicate craftsmanship.D.An artificial tree that won´t be engulfed immediately.第33题It can be inferred from Para. 5 that______.A.the ESFI inspects household electrical system annuallyB.electrical devices for outdoor use are not expensiveC.homeowners do not have the particular electrical knowledgeD.an overloaded electrical system or faulty wiring may lead to disasters第34题Which of the following is NOT in accordance with Mr. Drengenberg´s suggestion?A.Never use outdoor lights that are certified for indoor use.B.Put exactly 50 screw-in type bulbs to each outlet.C.Take off the outdoor lights after the Christmas season is over.D.Avoid metal nails or staples when putting on the outdoor lights.上一题下一题(35~37/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1) We all know that emotions originate in the brain. But we usually talk about our emotions coming from our hearts. If someone you know doesn´t give up easily, you might say, "He´s got a lot of heart. " Not every culture would agree—for instance, when Italians want to say someone has heart, they say instead,"Ha fegato" : "He has liver. "(2) But what about bad emotions? When you feel so sad or so angry that your heart "aches" , could it actually be true? Two new studies add support to the theory that, yes, what goes on in your mind can break your heart.(3) In the first study, just published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology (JACC),a team of eight researchers looking at more than 63,000 women who were participants in the ongoing Nurses´ Health Study, found that those who reported basic symptoms of depression (like feeling down and incapable of happiness) had a higher-than-normal risk of coronary heart disease. And women who were clinically depressed were more than twice as likely as other women to suffer sudden cardiac death. None of the participants had heart problems at the study´s outset, but nearly 8% had symptoms of depression.(4) The researchers theorize that depression might have some direct physiological impact on the heart—like causing it to work harder in the face of stress. The study also found that the more depressed women were, the more likely they were to smoke cigarettes or have high blood pressure and diabetes—not exactly heart-healthy conditions. Or it may be that the antidepressants prescribed to treat those with mood problems were associated with heart ailments; in the study, sudden cardiac death was linked more strongly with antidepressant use than with women´s symptoms of depression.(5) The antidepressant theory is just that—a theory. It could be that the antidepressant takers in the study were simply the most depressed. But if the theory is substantiated by further research, it would add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that antidepressants carry a high risk (particularly for teenagers) when weighed against the drugs´still uncertain benefits. Scientists have already shown that antidepressants are a bad idea for those about to undergo coronary artery bypass surgery.(6) No one is sure exacdy how depression hurts me heart, and one plausible explanation is that the train runs in the opposite direction—a damaged heart and its consequent stress on the bodymight activate, somehow, genes or other physiological changes that contribute to depression.(7) But another new paper, also published in the JACC, lends credit to the idea that it is our moods that work on our hearts and not the other way around. In this paper, researchers from University College London reviewed the findings of 39 previously published articles and found that men who are angry and hostile are significantly more likely to have a cardiac event man those who aren´t. That may sound unsurprising—we all know that anger can stress your heart. But it´s important to note the difference between aggression and just being aggressive. Previous studies have found that so-called type A´s—those who are driven, competitive and obsessed with deadlines—are not more likely to experience heart disease. In other words, your type A co-workers who are annoyingly ambitious and dutiful are no more likely to have a heart attack than you are. Rather, it´s the seething, angry types with underlying hostility who are the ticking time bombs. Anger, it turns out, is physiologically toxic.(8) The authors of the second paper offer the standard theories about how an angry emotion translates to a physical heart attack: angry people have a harder time sleeping; they take prescribed drugs less often; they eat worse, exercise less, smoke more and are fatter. These things add up: compared with the good-humored, those who were angry and hostile—but had no signs of heart problems at the outset—ended up with a 19% higher risk of developing coronary heart disease, according to the University College London paper.(9) The two studies reify gender stereotypes; women get their hearts broken through sadness; men "break" their hearts (via heart attack) through anger. But both studies suggest that men and women have a common interest in understanding that some causes of cardiac disease—poor diet or lack of exercise or bad sleep habits—may have a precipitating cause themselves. Whether male or female, letting yourself get overwhelmed by emotion can damage not only your mind but also that crucial organ, the heart.第35题The relationship between the first study and the second study is that______.A.each presents one side of the pictureB.each presents a different issueC.the second generalizes the firstD.the second proves the first第36题Which of the following has been proven both practically and theoretically?A.Depression has some direct physiological impact on the heart.B.Antidepressants are closely related to heart disease.C.Antidepressants´ disadvantages outweigh their advantages.D.Anger and hostility may contribute to a heart attack.第37题Which of the following expressions is used literally, NOT metaphorically?A.He´s got a lot of heart. (Para. 1)B... .break your heart. (Para. 2)C....the train runs in the opposite direction... (Para.6)D....who are the ticking time bombs. (Para. 7)上一题下一题(38~40/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1) A far cry from the pirates and princesses of today, costumes during Halloween´s precursor centuries ago included animal skins and heads, drag getups, and even mechanical horse heads, historians say.(2) Records of the precursor to Halloween—the Celtic new year celebration of Samhain—are extremely threadbare, said Ken Nilsen, professor of Celtic studies at Canada´s St. Francis Xavier University in Antigonish, Nova Scotia. "We don´t have actual records telling us what it was like in ancient times, so our knowledge is based principally on folk customs that continued until recent centuries,"Nilsen told National Geographic News.(3) Samhain, however, is known to date back at least 2,000 years, based on analysis of a Celtic bronze calendar discovered in the 1890s in Coligny, France, in what was then called Gaul. The festival marked the end of the Celtic year, when the harvest was gathered and animals were rounded up. It´s said the hides of cattle and other livestock slaughtered at this time were ritually worn during festivities that likely hark back to even earlier pagan beliefs.(4) Ancient Roman writers recorded that tribes in what is now Germany and France held riotous ceremonies where they donned the heads and skins of wild mammals to connect with animal spirits. The custom of wearing animal hides at bonfire-lighted Celtic feast ceremonies survived until recent times, Nilsen notes. " This was certainly done at Martinmas (the November 11 Christian feast of St. Martin) in Ireland and Scotland, which, in the old calendar, would be Halloween,"he said. "There might have been an excess of livestock, so it would make sense to slaughter an animal,"Nilsen said.(5) Samhain night was also a celebration of the dead—the one time the spirits were believed to walk among the living. Again, the earliest rituals aren´t known in detail, but in recent centuries families put out food and even set extra table places for their ancestors at Samhain. It was also a night when people dressed to create mischief and confusion, according to Bettina Arnold of the Center for Celtic Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. "The spirits of the dead were impersonated by young men dressed with masked, veiled or blackened faces," Arnold wrote in an essay titled Halloween Customs in the Celtic World. These disguises were intended both to protect revelers from any malevolent spirits and to fool households they visited. In Scotland and elsewhere, revelers masquerading as the dead would go around demanding food offerings—a forerunner to today´s trick-or-treating. Nilsen of St. Francis Xavier University added: "People put on costumes which frequently included blackened faces and so on, representing spooks, demons, or whatever. "(6) According to the University of Wisconsin´s Arnold, on Samhain the boundary between the living and the dead was obliterated—as was the boundary between the sexes. Male youths would dress up as girls and vice versa, she wrote. In Wales, for example, groups of mischievous young men in Halloween drag were referred to as hags. In parts of Ireland, a man dressed as a white horse known as Lair Bhan—an ancient Celtic fertility symbol—led noisy processions at Samhain.(7) Many Samhain ensembles were incomplete without the appropriate accessories; lanterns made with hollowed-out turnips and candles. Later transplanted to North America with Irish immigrants, the tradition would be replicated in the fatter form of the pumpkin, a fruit native tothe New World.第38题The knowledge about the ancient Halloween comes from the following EXCEPT______.A.historians´ introductionB.factual and detailed recordsC.today´s Halloween customsD.books written by ancient Roman writers第39题Which of the following statements about Samhain is TRUE?A.It is the forerunner of today´s Halloween.B.It was the celebration of the new year 2,000 years ago.C.It was celebrated first in Coligny, France.D.It is an occasion of family gatherings.第40题On Samhain the boundary between the living and the dead was obliterated by______.A.the dead walking among the livingB.the living masquerading as the deadC.boys dressing up as girlsD.men disguising as white horses上一题下一题(15/22)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.第41题PASSAGE ONE上一题下一题(16/22)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.第42题PASSAGE TWO上一题下一题(43~45/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.PASSAGE THREE第43题What does "He´s got a lot of heart. " mean according to the author?第44题What does the author aim to indicate by citing the two new studies?第45题What are the factors that may lead to a physical heart attack? (Please list no more than 3 factors.) 上一题下一题(46~48/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.PASSAGE FOUR第46题What did people do at Martinmas according to the passage?第47题Which word is used metaphorically in Para. 6?第48题What´s the origin of pumpkin lantern according to the passage?上一题下一题(49~58/共10题)PART III LANGUAGE USAGELanguage is fantastically complex. Its built-in means ofcombining and recombining(nesting)of its various levels have【M1】______suggested to many leading linguists that language istheoretically infinite though not practical so in everyday usage.【M2】______It almost sounds too complex to be able to detect any significantleveling out of language any more than one could detect byobservation that the sun is burning itself out.As far as I am conscious no linguist seriously purports that【M3】______the restructuring process of language overrides the streamliningprocess resulted in a qualitative positive development of【M4】______language. If we decide that language did originally develop,possibly evolving animal communication, we can only do【M5】______so by assuming evolution to be a universally valid principle This type【M6】______of a priori reasoning was the basic fallacy of pre-NineteenthCentury "speculative grammar" which was pre-scientific in modern【M7】______sense of the word.However, the observable data neither indicate that such a【M8】______period of pre-historic development even existed, nor they【M9】______suggest a cause of the subsequent state of equilibrium or processof simplification that would have to have come into operation atsome time after such a pre-historic development. NoamChomsky, one of the most prominent linguists of the twentiethcentury, has indicated that human language and animalcommunication are not even comparative entities, they are so【M10】______different.第49题【M1】第50题【M2】。

英语专业八级考试模拟试题集一、单选题1、The old man should be treated with____.A.kindB.kindnessC.kindlyD.kinder答案：B2、By local doctors and nurses,we hope more people.A.train,helpB.training,helpingC.training,to helpD.train,helping答案：C3、I don’t have as______money as before,but my life is more______.A.many,usefulB.more,niceC.most,goodD.much,meaningful答案：D4、I hope you will spend as much time as you can______your English.A.to practiceB.practiceC.practicingD.on practice答案：C5、It’s necessary______us all to______.A.for,keeping learningB.to,keeping learningC.of,keep to learnD.for,keep learning答案：D6、All we want to do______to find enough water______the horses.A.are,toB.is,forC.be,asD.is,to give答案：B7、The car is______expensive______he can’t buy it.A.too,toB.so,thatC.such,thatD.enough,that答案：B8、How I______I could live on the moon.A.thinkB.hopeC.wantD.wish答案：D9、I’ve never been out of China_______.What about you?A.alreadyB.overC.beforeD.just答案：C10、Mrs.White has______that she is not able to get a job.A.so little educationB.such little educationC.so a little educationD.such a little education答案：A二、阅读理解短文一Whenever you see an old film,even one made as little as ten years before,you can’t help being struck by the appearance of the women taking part.Their hair styles and make-up look dated;their skirts look either too long or too short;their general appearance is,in fact,slightly ludicrous.The men taking part,on the other hand,are clearly recognizable.There is nothing about their appearance to suggest that they belong to an entirely different age.This illusion is created entirely by changing fashions.问题What is the main reason for the difference in appearance between men and women in old films?答案：The main reason is the changing fashions.短文二The gorilla is something of a paradox in the African scene.For a hundred years or more he has been killed,captured,and imprisoned in zoos.His bones have been mounted in natural history museums everywhere,and he has always exerted a strong fascination upon scientists and romantics alike.Yet the fact is we know very little about gorillas.No really satisfactory photograph has ever been taken of one in a wild state.问题What is the paradox about gorillas mentioned in the passage?答案：The paradox is that despite being studied for over a hundred years, we still know very little about gorillas.三、完形填空Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the most suitable options.The company has been__________for its innovative products.Despite the challenges,she remained__________throughout the project.Blank1:A)recognized B)criticized C)ignored D)forgotten答案：ABlank2:A)optimistic B)indifferent C)skeptical D)pessimistic答案：A四、翻译中文句子翻译成英文随着经济的发展，人们对生活质量的要求越来越高。

专业英语八级模拟试卷888(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. LANGUAGE USAGE 4. TRANSLATION 5. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：How to Write a Book Review Good morning, today’s lecture is about how to write a book review. First of all, let me explain to you what a book review is. A book review is a descriptive and critical or evaluative account of a book. Like the book report, it provides a summary of content and an analysis of structure, yet you will also assess the value of a book and recommend the book to other readers. There are two approaches to book reviewing: the descriptive and the critical. A descriptive review is one in which the writer, without over-enthusiasm or exaggeration, gives the essential information about a book. This is done by description and exposition, by stating the perceived aims and purposes of the author, and by quoting striking passages from the text. A critical review is one in which the writer describes and evaluates the book, in terms of accepted literary and historical standards, and supports this evaluation with evidence from the text. The following pointers are meant to be suggestions for writing a critical review. Firstly, basic requirements. Simply stated, the reviewer must know two things in order to write a critical review: the work being reviewed and the requirements of the genre to which the work belongs, such as novel, short story, biography, poetry, etc. Knowledge of the work demands not only an attempt to understand what the author’s purpose is and how the component parts of the work contribute to that purpose, but also some knowledge of the author. And knowledge of the genre means understanding the art form and how it functions. Then, after that we come to what are the minimum essentials of a book review. First is the description of the book, not a summary. Sufficient description should be given so that the reader, as he reads the review, will have some understanding of the author’s thoughts. This account of the contents of a book can often be woven into the critical remarks. Second, something about the author. Biographical information should be relevant to the subject of the review and enhance the reader’s understanding of the work under discussion. Third, an appraisal, preferably indirect, through description and exposition and based on the aims and purposes of the author. While a critical review is a statement of opinion, it must be a considered judgment including: a statement of the reviewer’s understanding of theauthor’s purpose: how well the reviewer feels the author’s purpose has been achieved: and evidence to support the reviewer’s judgment of the author’ achievement. When finishing the minimum essential of a book review, we now come to another point: preliminary mechanical steps. Basically speaking, there are five steps. First, read the book with care. Second, note effective passages for quoting. Third, note your impressions as you read. Fourth, allow yourself time to assimilate what you have read so that the book can be seen in perspective. Fifth, keep in mind the need for achieving a single impression, which must be made clear to the reader. After making sure what you want to say in the book review, we can start our review outline. The review outline enables you to get an overall grasp of the organization of the review, to determine what central point your review is going to make, to eliminate inessentials or irrelevancies, and to fill in gaps or omissions. By examining the notes you have made and eliminating those which have no relationship to your central thesis, and by organizing them into groups, several aspects of the book will emerge: such as theme, character, structure, etc. After ordering your topics by detennining in what sequence they will be discussed, write down all the major headings of the outline and then fill in the subdivisions. Keep in mind that all parts of the outline should support your thesis or central point. After all this work is done, we come to the draft. The opening paragraph, like the concluding one, is in a position of emphasis and usually sets the tone of the paper. Among the various possible introductions are: a statement of the thesis: a statement of the author’s purpose: a statement about the topicality of the work or its significance: a comparison of the work to others by the same author or within the same genre: a statement about the author. The main body of the review should logically develop your thesis as organized by your outline. Changes in the outline may need to be made and transitional paragraphs introduced, but the aim should be toward logical development of the central point. Quoted material should be put in quotation marks, or indented, and properly footnoted. The concluding paragraph may sum up or restate your thesis or may make the final judgment regarding the book. No new information or ideas should be introduced in the conclusion. Finally, we come to the last steps in writing a book review that is revising your draft. Also there are several steps in revising. First, correct all mistakes in grammar and punctuation as you find them. Second, read your paper through again looking for unity, organization and logical development. Third, verify quotations for accuracy and check the format and content of references. To sum up, in today’s lecture we mainly discuss with you how to write a book review and I hope all I’ve introduced would benefit you to some degree. Practice them and you are very likely to meet with success.How to Write a Book ReviewI. The definition of a book reviewA. a descriptive and critical or evaluative account of a bookB. a summary of content and a(n)【T1】______ 【T1】______II. Two approaches to book reviewingA. the descriptive review giving the essential 【T2】______about a book 【T2】______B. the critical review describing and evaluating the book III. Basic requirements and nunimum essentialsA. Knowledge of the book 【T3】______ 【T3】______B. Mastery of the genre in the workC. Description, not a summary of the bookD. Something about, not abiography of, the authorE. 【T4】______appraisal 【T4】______IV. Five preliminary mechanical stepsA. Reading the book 【T5】______ 【T5】______B. Noting effective passages for 【T6】______ 【T6】______C. Noting your impressions as you readD. 【T7】______ what you have read 【T7】______E. Aiming at achieving a single impressionV. Starting the outlineA. Getting an over-all grasp of the organizationB. Determining the central point to be madeC. Eliminating 【T8】______ or irrelevancies 【T8】______D. Filling in gaps or omissionsVI. Making the draftA. The opening paragraph—in a position of emphasis, and—setting the 【T9】______ of the paper 【T9】______B. The main body—being 【T10】______ organized by the outline 【T10】______—logical development of the central pointC. The concluding paragraph—summing up or 【T11】______ 【T11】______—making the 【T12】______ 【T12】______—introducing no new ideas VII. 【T13】______ the draft 【T13】______A. Correcting all mistakes in 【T14】______ 【T14】______B. Looking for unity, organization and logical developmentC. Verifying quotations for accuracy and 【T15】______ 【T15】______1．【T1】正确答案：analysis of structure解析：讲座一开始对书评(book review)作了定义，指出它与book report相似，也是提供内容的总结(summary of content)和结构的分析(analysis of structure)，前者已出现在提纲中，故答案填上后者analysis of structure。

PART III READING COMPREHENSIONS In this section there are four reading passages followed by fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your Answer Sheet. TEXT A Such joy. It was the spring of 1985, and President Reagan had just given Mother Teresa the Medal of Freedom in a Rose Garden ceremony. As she left, she walked down the corridor between the Oval Office and the West Wing drive, and there she was, turning my way. What a sight: a saint in a sari coming down the White House hall. As she came nearer, I could not help it: I bowed. "Mother", I said, "I just want to touch your hand." She looked up at me —— it may have been one of Gods subtle jokes that his exalted child spent her life looking up to everyone else —— and said only two words. Later I would realize that they were the message of her mission. "Luff Gott," she said. Love God. She pressed into my hand a poem she had written, as she glided away in a swoosh of habit. I took the poem from its frame the day she died. It is free verse, 79 lines, and is called "Mothers Meditation (in the Hospital)." In it she reflects on Christs question to his apostles: "Who do you say I am?" She notes that he was the boy born in Bethlehem," put in the manager full of straw…… kept warm by the breath of the donkey," who grew up to be "an ordinary man without much learning." Donkeys are not noble; straw is common; and it was among the ordinary and ignoble, the poor and sick, that she chose to labor. Her mission was for them and among them, and you have to be a pretty tough character to organize a little universe that exists to help people other people arent interested in helping. Thats how she struck me when I met her as I watched her life. She was tough. There was the worn and weathered face, the abrupt and definite speech. We think saints are great organizers, great operators, great combatants in the world. Once I saw her in a breathtaking act of courage. She was speaker at the National Prayer Breakfast in Washington in 1995. All the Washington Establishment was there, plus a few thousand born-again Christians, orthodox Catholics and Jews, and searchers looking for a faith. Mother Teresa was introduced, and she spoke of God, of love, of families. She said we must love one another and care for one another. There were great purrs of agreement. But as the speech continued it became more pointed. She asked, "Do you do enough to make sure your parents, in the old peoples homes, feel your love? Do you bring then each day your joy and caring?" The baby boomers in the audience began to shift in their seats. And she continued. "I feel that the greatest destroyer of peace today is abortion," she said, and then she told them why, in uncompromising term. For about 1.3 seconds there was complete silence, then applause built and swept across the room. But not everyone: the President and the First Lady, the Vice President and Mrs. Gore, looked like seated statues at Madame Tussauds, glistening in the lights and moving not a muscle. She didnt stop there either, but went on to explain why artificial birth control is bad and why Protestants who separate faith from works are making a mistake. When she was finished, there was almost no one she hadnt offended. A US Senator turned to his wife and said, "Is my jaw up yet?" Talk about speaking truth to power! But Mother Teresa didnt care, and she wasnt afraid. The poem she gave me included her personal answers to Christs question. She said he is "the Truth to be told…… the Way to be walked…… the Light to be lit." She took her own advice and lived a whole life that showed it. 36. Who was the exalted child? A) Mother Teresa. B) the author. C) I. D) God. 37. Who raised the question "who do you say I am?" A) the apostle. B) Christ. C) Mother Teresa. D) she. 38. Which of the following is not a quality of Mother Teresa? A) tough. B) definite. C) ethereal. D) like a steam-roller. 39. Why did the President and the First Lady, the Vice President and Mrs. Gore look like seated statues at the Madame Tussaud's? A) Because they didn't love Madame Tussaud. B) Because they didn't like to move. C) Because they were VIP. D) Because they didn't quite agree with Mother Teresa over the issue of abortion. 40. According to Mother Teresa, abortion is ____ A) one of Protestant works. B) one of Protestant faith. C) one of the Truths. D) not one of Protestant works TEXT B Since the Titanic vanished beneath the frigid waters of the North Atlantic 85 years ago, nothing in the hundreds of booksand films about the ship has ever hinted at a connection to Japan —— until now. Director James Camerons 200 million epic Titanic premiered at the Tokyo International Film Festival last Saturday. Among the audience for a glimpse of Hollywoods costliest film ever descendants of the liners only Japanese survivor. The newly rediscovered diary of Masabumi Hosono has Titanic enthusiasts in a frenzy. The document is scrawled in 4,300 Japanese character on a rare piece of RMS Titanic stationery. Written as the Japanese bureaucrat steamed to safety in New York aboard the ocean liner Carpathia, which rescued 706 survivors, the account and other documents released by his grandchildren last week offer a fresh —— and poignant —— reminder of the emotional wreckage left by the tragedy. Hosono, then 42 and an official at Japans Transportation Ministry, was studying railway networks in Europe. He boarded the Titanic in Southampton, en route home via the US. According to Hosonos account, he was awakened by a "loud knock" on the door of his second-class deck with the steerage passengers. Hosono tried to race back upstairs, but a sailor blocked his way. The Japanese feigned ignorance and pushed past. He arrived on deck to find lifeboats being lowered into darkness, flares bursting over the ship and an eerie human silence. He wrote:" Not a single passenger would howl or scream." Yet Hosono was screaming inside. Women were being taken to lifeboats and men held back at gunpoint. "I tried to prepare myself for the last moment with no agitation, making up my mind not to do anything disgraceful as a Japanese," he wrote. "But still I found myself looking for and waiting for any possible chance of survival." Then an officer shouted, "Room for two more!" Hosono recalled:" I myself was deep in desolate thought that I would no more be able to see my beloved wife and children." Then he jumped into the boat. When Hosono arrived in Tokyo two months later, he was met with suspicion that he had survived at someone elses expense. The culture of shame was especially strong in prewar Japan. In the face of rumors and bad press, Hosono was dismissed from his post in 1914. He worked at the office part-time until retiring in 1923. His grandchildren say he never mentioned the Titanic again before his death in 1939. Even then, shame continued to haunt the family. In newspapers, letters and even a school textbook, Hosono was denounced as a disgrace to Japan. Readers Digest reopened the wound in 1956 with an abridged Japanese version of Walter Loads best seller. A Night to remember, which described "Anglo-Saxons" as acting bravely on the Titanic, while "Frenchmen, Italians, Americans, Japanese and Chinese were disgraceful." Citing his fathers diary, one of Hosonos sons, Hideo, launched a letter-writing campaign to restore the family name. But nobody in Japan seemed to care. The diary resurfaced last summer. A representative for a US foundation that plans to hold an exhibition of Titanic artifacts in Japan next August found Hosonos name on a passenger list. A search led him to Haruomi Hosono, a well-known composer, and to his cousin Yuruoi, Hideos daughter. She revealed that she had her grandfathers dairy as well as a collection of his letters and postcards. "I was floored," says Michael Findley, cofounder of the Titanic International Society in the US "This is a fantastic, fresh new look at the sinking and the only one written on Titanic stationery immediately after the disaster." The information allows enthusiasts to rearrange some historical minutes, such as which lifeboat Hosono jumped into. More chilling, the account confirms that the crew tried to keep foreigners and third-class passengers on the ships lower deck, effectively ensuring their name. The diary cannot correct injustice, but Hosonos family hopes it will help clear his name. The Titanic foundation also hopes to capitalize on the diary and the movie to promote its upcoming exhibition. To that end, Haruomi Hosono, the composer, has been asked to give a talk at next months public premiere of Titanic! The diary cannot, of course, match Camerons fictionalized epic for drama and intrigue. But at least Masabumi Hosonos tale really happened. 41. ______ was among the descendants of the Liner's only Japanese survivor. A) Masabumi Hosono. B) Yuriko. C) Cameron. D) RMS. 42. Why was Masabumi denounced as a disgrace to Japan? A) Because he killed some people on the Titanic. B) Because he was then an official. C) Because he was dismissed from his ministry post. D) Because the culture of shame was too strong. 43. What important role did the diary really play? A) It corrected injustice. B) It was as vivid as the movie "Titanic". C) It proved what Masabumi said was true. D) It made the Japanese believe what Masabumi had said.。

专业英语八级模拟试卷850(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. LANGUAGE USAGE 4. TRANSLATIONPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s)you fill in is(are)both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task. (a thirty-second interval) Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work. The Delivery of Humor Good morning. Last time, we had an in-depth discussion about the definition and the psychology of humor in speeches. Today, we’ll look at something else about humor. One question that comes up most often when discussing humor is delivery. Delivery could be defined as the ability of the speaker to present the humorous material in the most effective way. How many times have you heard a person tell a long, labored, complicated joke, only to swallow the ending and leave everyone frustrated? You may have heard that anyone can tell a joke. Well, perhaps. But a joke is only the raw material: it must be crafted to fit smoothly into your talk. You are likely there to educate and/or entertain. If you are there to educate, a judicious use of humor in your talk will keep the audience with you, always waiting for the next gem. Their attention will be to you and your message. If you are there strictly to entertain, then a string of jokes will not be the way to go either. A look at the definition of a joke will have a direct bearing on your ability to “deliver”humor. Consider the definition: A joke is a brief oral narrative with a climactic humorous twist. Within that simple definition lies two critical points you must know to use humor successfully. First of all, it is BRIEF. Second, it has a climactic twist. For humor to work, it must spring upon the mind in an unexpected way, without a long-drawn-out setup. When you incorporate humor into your talk, it should slide in naturally. The setup must be direct and to the point, without too much embellishment. If you throw in all of the bells and whistles, going to extremes to paint the picture, you may make known the existence of the humor, thereby reducing its effectiveness. As for the climactic twist, make every effort to put it at the veryend of the story. The closer the twist is to the very end, the more effective the surprise. What you are delivering is the setup of the humor followed by the climactic humorous twist. In today’s quick-paced environment, people don’t like to hear jokes that are too “built up”. They like things to be brief, concise and neat. And the same goes for the climactic humorous twist. It must be neat, absolutely clear and sudden. You can improve your delivery through regular practice. One thing you can control is the length of the pause before delivering the punchline. Jack Benny was famous for his ability to use the pause to heighten the impact of the punchline. One of the most common questions asked about humor relates to timing and delivery. Timing can make the difference between a joke that is extremely effective and one that flops. Usually, timing relates to the delivery of the punchline. Jack Benny was a master at timing when he delivered his punchlines. Timing is concerned with the amount of time delay between the end of the setup of the joke and the delivery of a punchline. Too short a time and the impact is lessened by the abrupt end of the joke. It is your task to listen to the delivery of punchlines by professionals and to see how they wait until just the right amount of time has passed before they deliver the punchline. In your practice, notice how you can vary the delay to achieve the most effective results. To use humor effectively, your materials need to be practiced and perfected. Once you have found material that looks promising, work on it in your mind. Roll it over. Massage it. Look for ways to make it appear spontaneous. Connect it to the important points of your message, weaving it in as a seamless part of your patter. Make it yours. Charlie’s “The Bird” story is a good one to start learning and practising with. It has been said that anyone can tell a joke. Mark Twain said, “The humorous story is strictly a work of art —high and delicate art —and only an artist can tell it: but no art is necessary in telling the comic and witty story: anybody can do it.” Perhaps, but even telling jokes takes some skill. I have heard, however, “The Bird” story ruined by several well-meaning speakers. Learn it word for word and practice it so that each separate part generates its own laughter. Pace, intonation, pauses all are critical elements that can be used to make this bird story fly or flop. It is a long humorous story with many details. Don’t try it out until you can do it well. Then, tell it as often as possible, practicing your delivery. If you need to illustrate the importance of being detail-oriented in customer service, you may find that you can use this in a public speaking situation. But for now, practice this on friends, once you have it down well. When you present this humorous story, have fun doing it, but be diligent in your observations of the responses of listeners. Every time you present your material, look for ways to improve it. The old saying still goes: practice makes perfect! I hope today’s lecture can offer you some insights into humor and the art of speaking. Thank you.The Delivery of HumorI. Understanding deliveryA. definition: the ability of the speaker to present the humorousmaterial in the______way【T1】______B. characteristics(drawn from the definition of a joke)-______【T2】______The setup should be direct and______.【T3】______Otherwise, the humor will be______.【T4】______—a climactic twistbeing neat, absolutely clear and______【T5】______II. ______delivery【T6】______A. control over______【T7】______—definition:______between the end of the setup and the【T8】______delivery of a punchline—learning from______and noticing how to vary the delay【T9】______to achieve the most effective results B. ______the material【T10】______—working on it in one’s mind—seeking to make it appear______【T11】______—connecting it to the important points of one’s message—weaving it in as a/an______part of the speech 【T12】______III. Suggested practice material: “The Bird” storyThe idea that anyone can tell a joke is______.【T13】______Suggested steps for practice—learning it______and practicing it【T14】______—working on details—telling it as often as possible—observing______【T15】______1．【T1】正确答案：most effective2．【T2】正确答案：brevity3．【T3】正确答案：to the point/without much embellishment4．【T4】正确答案：less effective/known in advance5．【T5】正确答案：sudden6．【T6】正确答案：Improving7．【T7】正确答案：timing8．【T8】正确答案：the time(delay)9．【T9】正确答案：professionals10．【T10】正确答案：practising and perfecting11．【T11】正确答案：spontaneous12．【T12】正确答案：seamless/integral13．【T13】正确答案：wrong/flawed14．【T14】正确答案：word for word15．【T15】正确答案：listeners’ responsesSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of [A] , [B] , [C] and [D] , and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.听力原文：In this section you will hear ONE interview. The interview will be divided into TWO parts. At the end of each part, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interview and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONL Y. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.(a thirty-second interval) Now listen to Part One of the interview.A: (AnD)is a self-funded Hong Kong-based social network for artists across Asia. Many people probably never heard of it and they never proclaimed itsweb loudly, but having 800 artists including Jet Li and Kelly Hu as its official artists, AnD is indeed very special! Today, we have the great pleasure to have an interview with Stephen Wang, CTO of AnD, who is going to share with us some very interesting stories behind AnD. Good evening, Stephen.B: Good evening, Leslie.A: Would you please tell us the brief history of AnD?B: Well, AnD is a social network supporting artists including filmmakers, musicians, visual and performing artists. Artists come on board and establish their own profiles, like blogs, photo albums, events listings, forums and more, from which they can communicate and interact with other artists as well as safely communicate with fans. Regular users can become fans of the artists and establish their own profiles to help promote the artists that they like. The site is currently based in Hong Kong and a majority of the artists on the site are based in mainland China, but our network of artists and fans is global, reaching across to other parts of Asia as well as overseas.A: I heard that the original website is to support and promote a movie.B: Yes, that is The Heavenly Kings. This movie followed the rise and fall of a fictitious Hong Kong boyband named “Alive”. It provided a behind-the-scenes look at the challenges facing artists in Hong Kong. It also provided Hong Kong musicians with a platform to speak their minds about the state of the Hong Kong music scene, many issues of which apply to artists everywhere. While making and promoting The Heavenly Kings, we realized that it was not enough to just make a statement regarding the industry. We had to address the issues raised. So the idea was developed to create an online community that would be able to help artists in Hong Kong. The team was formed in Hong Kong in January 2007 and the new website was launched in April 2007.This is the end of Part One of the interview. Questions 1 to 5 are based on what you have just heard.Question 1Why is AnD “very special”according to the host?(Pause: 10 seconds)Question 2What is AnD?(Pause: 10 seconds)Question 3What can NOT be done with AnD?(Pause: 10 seconds)Question 4Why did they begin to have the idea of creating AnD?(Pause: 10 seconds)Question 5When was the new AnD launched?16．A．Because it is a household name in Hong Kong.B．Because some big names are included in its list of artists.C．Because it has 800,000 artist members worldwide.D．Because it covers many art forms.正确答案：B解析：根据原文Many people probably never heardof it and they never proclaimed its webloudly，but having 800 artists including JetLi and Kelly Hu as its official artists，AnD isindeed very special!，AnD并没有广为宣传、家喻户晓，但却有800位艺人成员，其中有些非常著名。

英语专八模拟试题The English Specialized Test Simulated QuestionsIn recent years, the English Specialized Test (referred to as the English CET-8) has become a significant concern for many students majoring in English. To help students better prepare for the upcoming exam and improve their English proficiency, we have compiled a set of simulated questions for practice. These questions cover various aspects of English language skills, including listening, reading, writing, and speaking. By practicing these simulated questions, students can enhance their abilities and boost their confidence in taking the English CET-8. Let's dive into the simulated questions below:Listening Section:1. Listen to the following dialogue and choose the correct answer to complete the sentence.Question: What does the man suggest the woman do this weekend?A. Go to a concert.B. Watch a movie.C. Have dinner at a fancy restaurant.D. Take a hike in the mountains.2. Listen to the following passage and answer the question.Question: What is the main topic of the passage?A. The benefits of exercise.B. The history of yoga.C. The importance of a healthy diet.D. The impact of technology on fitness.Reading Section:Read the following passage and answer the questions.Passage: The Benefits of BilingualismBeing bilingual has numerous advantages, from improved cognitive abilities to better job opportunities. Studies have shown that bilingual individuals tend to have better problem-solving skills and enhanced creativity compared to monolinguals. Additionally, bilingualism can lead to a deeper understanding of different cultures and perspectives.Questions:1. What are some benefits of being bilingual mentioned in the passage?2. How can bilingualism contribute to a more diverse society?Writing Section:Write an essay (200-300 words) on the following topic: "The Impact of Technology on Education."In your essay, discuss how technology has transformed the way students learn and teachers teach. Provide examples of technological tools used ineducation and the benefits they bring. Also, address any challenges or concerns related to the integration of technology in classrooms.Speaking Section:Prepare a two-minute speech on the topic: "The Importance of Learning a Foreign Language."In your speech, explain why it is beneficial to learn a foreign language. Discuss how language learning can enhance communication skills, cultural awareness, and career prospects. Share personal experiences or examples to support your points.By practicing these simulated questions, students can familiarize themselves with the format and types of questions that may appear in the English CET-8. Remember, consistent practice and preparation are key to success in any exam. Good luck with your English studies and your upcoming English CET-8 exam!。

专业英语八级（作文）模拟试卷7(题后含答案及解析) 题型有： 6. WRITINGPART VI WRITING (45 MIN)Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic.1．Albert Einstein said, “Genius is 99% perspiration and 1% inspiration”. It seems that hard work is a crucial factor to be successful. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.正确答案：Perspiration Is More Important than Inspiration Albert Einstein, one of the greatest physicists, points out the relation between perspiration and inspiration by saying that “genius is 99% perspiration and 1% inspiration”. I do believe that Einstein’s opinion is true. As far as I am concerned, inspiration is only temporary and void, but hard work is indispensable as the basis of success. To start with, inspiration is often short-lived and cannot ensure success. A famous Chinese fable The Pity of Zhongyong records the story of a child. Zhongyong is thought to be a genius when he is very little because in spite of his young age, he can write poems and essays even better than great writers and poets. Apparently, Zhongyong is highly gifted and blessed with inspiration. However, Zhongyong does not make good use of his talent. He prides himself in the fact that he does not have to work hard to be better than others and gives up learning completely. A few years later, Zhongyong’s gift gradually fades and he becomes just as normal as others. This fable is an excellent example warning us that inspiration won’t last long. It has to be maintained through personal endeavor. If we do not cherish the inspiration and work hard, we will end up gaining nothing. Besides, hard work helps to realize inspiration and serves as the basis of success. While it is true that many successes start with a good idea, it should also be noted that what matters more is the hard work that follows in order to make the idea come true. Entrepreneurs who are just starting a business know this best. They may see a golden business opportunity in a flash, but this is far from enough. In order to seize the opportunity, they have to make detailed plans, do feasibility studies, look for investments and decide locations before they can open up a business. After this, they still have to learn to do marketing, promotion and coordinate all sorts of relations of the stakeholders. Various problems will occur and they must be prepared to solve them one by one. If you ask a successful businessman about the secret of success, he will always tell you that his success is not only brought by inspiration, but more importantly based on years of unremitting efforts he has devoted to his career. Without actual action, thoughts will remain thoughts, intangible and void. To conclude, I agree with what Einstein says Inspiration may be important, but it is hard work that makes things happen. 涉及知识点：作文2．George Bernard Shaw once wrote, “There are two tragedies in life. One is to lose your heart’s desire. The other is to gain it.” To what extent do you agree or disagree with his statement? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.正确答案：Ever Wanting, Ever Walking George Bernard Shaw wrote, “There are two tragedies in life. One is to lose your heart’s desire. The other is to gain it.” I agree with what he said, especially the latter part of the statement. Gaining your heart’s desire is even more of a dreadful tragedy than losing it. When what you wish for falls into your possession, you may grow dependent upon the possession since it is got by your own persistent endeavours. You might take it as an indispensable part of your life and might even unconsciously turn on the “fear of losing”—losing those that once bestowed the stage of joy and excitement on you. You become so attached to your belongings that you dread the thought of losing it every minute of every day. Besides, such dependence might also come from the fear to be back to square one because you might have to experience the same difficulties you’ve ever confronted again. Furthermore, once you obtain what you’ve been yearning for, it could be difficult to retrieve your original interest in it. It is determined by human nature that we tend to be amused with the new and bored with the old. We are a forgetful race who needs constant reminding to treasure what we have, especially those easily acquired. We take it for granted and leave it high and dry, until it is replaced by a new found pleasure. The worst scenario imaginable is to lose the motivation to keep going after acquiring something wanted. Seeing the finish line ahead, we can gather the strength to hang in there and keep walking. With the goal accomplished, we might slack off and even get disoriented. Take the story in Shawshank Redemption for example. Since the day a prisoner was thrown into jail, his only desire was to breathe the air outside the high walls again. He woke up every day with the hope of getting his parole application approved. He behaved himself; he picked up a new hobby; he even began learning Bible. In a word, he was a model convict. Twenty such years had passed when his appeal finally won permission from the parole committee. But two days after his release, he collapsed and committed suicide. This story vividly echoes the Bernard’s quotation—gaining what you desire might be a tragedy in your life. Basing on the above discussion, it is not exaggerated to say that gaining might turn into a tragedy in life. The progress of human history is driven by ongoing desires. It’s because of the fear of losing direction that we keep adding new desires, toward which we are ever walking. 涉及知识点：作文3．Guo Xue, or the studies of Chinese ancient civilization, including philosophy, history, archaeology, literature, linguistics, etc, is thought to be the cure for the moral decline in the modem Chinese society. That is why some experts suggest the Chinese ancient classic literature, such as the Three-Character Classic and the Book of Rites, should be incorporated into the national curriculum as a compulsory course. What is your opinion? Do you think the Chinese classic literature is thepossible answers to today’s moral problems? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.正确答案：In Books We Find Morality? It is an instructive approach to integrate the teaching of ancient books into the national curriculum. Nevertheless, it is not the ultimate solution to our existing moral decline. In fact, I don’t think there is any simple or straightforward answer to such issue that results from years of accumulated wrongs. To begin with, ancient classics are only a formalistic method that beats around the bush. With the spoon-feeding teaching methodology, students might only be able to grasp the literal meaning of ancient classics but not their cultural and moral significance. Besides, when a course is stipulated as compulsory, examinations are absolutely inescapable. To live up to the score-oriented expectations of teachers and parents, students will be too engaged in memorizing lines word for word to digest their connotations, which takes us back to square one—our twisted purpose of education. Furthermore, the fundamental solution to the twisted education in China lies in educators themselves. One of the chief causes of today’s moral problems is the fact that teachers are busy imparting knowledge to students without educating them in terms of moral conducts. By confusing the means of education with the end, we have produced morally-decayed talents. Educators should regard ancient classics as a teaching aid to guide students through history to present-day stories. An emphasis should be placed not only upon students’understanding of the scripts, but more importantly on how they incorporate their learning into everyday behaviors. In this case, teachers act as a role model as well as a guide in leading students onto the right path of life. Finally, it is no doubt that we can find all sorts of moral standards in these ancient classics, but does reciting all the classics necessarily produce a saint? As we all know, young children learn about the world by watching and following the behaviors of those around them, rather than following the fictional character in the books they read. A good deed in real life is worth millions of moral teaching in the paper. The making of a righteous man starts from family upbringing. In order to make a convincing case, parents should set an example for children by their own actions. Little by little, children’s values, beliefs and conducts will be imperceptibly influenced and internalized. As the essence of our five thousand years of history and culture, ancient classics should take up an indispensable part in our education. But we should keep in mind that they are the source of knowledge and means of teaching, but never the absolute answer to today’s moral problems. 涉及知识点：作文4．As a fourth-year student about to graduate from a university, you have been through many courses and activities. In retrospect, some of these courses and activities might be relevant in cultivating your personalities. What do you think could be improved in the university to better cultivate your personality? Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic: What Could Universities Improve to Cultivate Students’ Personality?正确答案：What Could Universities Improve to Cultivate Students’Personality? University education is composed of two aspects, the teaching of professional knowledge and the cultivation of personality. However, the latter is often deficient or problematic in Chinese universities. In my opinion, there are three aspects to be improved so that students’personality can be better cultivated. First and foremost, college counselors should play a better role as a listener and instructor to guide students onto the right path. Generally speaking, a counselor is the only teacher who supervises students throughout their four years of college. Naturally, he/she is the one most students turn to in times of trouble or confusion. With great influence comes great responsibility. It is thus the counselor’s duty to act as a good teacher by setting a good example, as well as a helpful friend by lending an empathetic ear. He/she shall be sensitive enough to spot troubled students and take the initiative in preventing conflicts from ending in tragedies. In addition, lectures or exhibitions concerning personality cultivation can be organized on a regular basis. As newcomers to a university and a city, students are confronted with tremendous pressure from outside and within. It’s perfectly normal for them to stumble over a personality problem. Unfortunately, personality disorder or personality barrier is a hot potato dodged by most university teachers in China, It’s urgent that issues like this be openly discussed and students be educated about the causes, manifestations and solutions to them. They should be dealt with as more of an impediment than a sickness. When it comes to the responsibility of school management, a personality education system should be set up, with special attention to four categories of students, namely freshmen, seniors, financially-distressed students and students with psychological barriers. It’s essential to help freshmen make a good start in blending into a new environment, and to support to-be-graduates in taking a first steady step into society. As for the last two groups of students, we should make sure that they don’t feel in any way left out or inferior to the others. Only when personality cultivation is placed before knowledge impar-tation can university education be truly inspiring and successful. Confucius teachings define “the way of great learning” as “the enlightenment of brilliant virtues, the remolding of people, and the pursuit of ultimate goodness”. These could also serve as the components of university education, in which virtues or characters are of top priority. 涉及知识点：作文5．Chinese visitors are received with mixed feelings by overseas destinations. On the one hand, Chinese visitors are the largest portion of luxury consumers in the world. On the other hand, they are usually noisy, tacky and uncivil. For example, some of them are used to talking loudly in public areas. What measures could be taken to regulate Chinese tourists’ behaviors? Write an essay of about 400 words. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.正确答案：Three Steps Toward Civilized Tourists A typical image of Chinese tourists is summarized as follows: “In the coach they sleep; off the coach they pee; arriving at a spot they say cheese.” Chinese visitors are received with mixed feelings by overseas destinations, because they are generous but sometimesnoisy, tacky and uncivil. To save our national image from falling, it is high time that we work out some methods to regulate the behaviors of Chinese tourists abroad. Firstly, we should teach Chinese tourists the cultural norms of overseas destinations and the suitable manners to adopt. Cultural discrepancy contributes to the wide divergence of courtesy behaviors and standards in every place. For example, most Chinese like to flock together on any bustling and festive occasion to create a jubilant and delightful scene. They believe the noisier, the merrier. This, nonetheless, could come as an impolite manner to foreigners. Therefore, before going abroad, tourists should be educated with the other countries’ decency and urbanity, so that they can behave well in their o-verseas destinations. As the saying goes, do in Rome as the Romans do. Secondly, we should suggest tourists to be a bit more conservative when traveling abroad. Cultural difference is sometimes hard to understand. It might not be easy to grasp the essence of one culture in a crash course. Therefore, tourists should listen carefully to the introduction and the advice of their guides. When in doubt, tourists had better consult their guides or local people before trying to do anything special. Lastly, we should consider punishment. Rules and regulations should be set up to stipulate behaviors of Chinese tourists in a foreign land. Any tourist who breaks the rules and arouses complaint from local people should be given a bad record as a punishment which prevents him from applying for his next trip abroad successfully. In this way, Chinese tourists will be aware of the fact that they might suffer the consequence of their wrong-doings. Hopefully, this measure will set up a favorable image for our country, with the watchful eyes of rules and regulations. In conclusion, it takes the endeavor of both tourism management and tourists themselves to save our national image from falling. Among the three measures, educating tourists before they go abroad should be regarded as the most important one and be implemented with no efforts spared. 涉及知识点：作文。

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2006)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 190MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (30MIN)略PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AHe was an old man with a white beard and huge nose and hands. Long before the time during which we will know him, he was a doctor and drove a jaded white horse from house to house through the streets of Winesburg. Later he married a girl who had money. She had been left a large fertile farm when her father died. The girl was quiet, tall, and dark, and to many people she seemed very beautiful. Everyone in Winesburg wondered why she married the doctor. Within a year after the marriage she died.The knuckles of the doctor's hands were extraordinarily large. When the hands were closed they looked like clusters of unpainted wooden balls as large as walnuts fastened together by steel rods. He smoked a cob pipe and after his wife's death sat all day in his empty office close by a window that was covered with cobwebs. He never opened the window. Once on a hot day in August he tried but found it stuck fast and after that he forgot all about it.Winesburg had forgotten the old man, but in Doctor Reefy there were the seeds of something very fine. Alone in his musty office in the Heffner Block above the Paris Dry Goods Company's store, he worked ceaselessly, building up something that he himself destroyed. Little pyramids of truth he erected and after erecting knocked them down again that he might have the truths to erect other pyramids.Doctor Reefy was a tall man who had worn one suit of clothes for ten years. It was frayed at the sleeves and little holes had appeared at the knees and elbows. In the office he wore also a linen duster with huge pockets into which he continually stuffed scraps of paper. After some weeks the scraps of paper became little hard round balls, and when the pockets were filled he dumped them out upon the floor. For ten years he had but one friend, another old man named John Spaniard who owned a tree nursery. Sometimes, in a playful mood, old Doctor Reefy took from his pockets a handful of the paper balls and threw them at the nursery man. "'That is to confound you, you blithering old sentimentalist," he cried, shaking with laughter.The story of Doctor Reefy and his courtship of the tall dark girl who became his wife and left her money to him is a very curious story. It is delicious, like the twisted little apples that grow in the orchards of Winesburg. In the fall one walks in the orchards and the ground is hard with frost underfoot. The apples have been taken from the trees by the pickers. They have been put in barrels and shipped to the cities where they will be eaten in apartments that are filled with books, magazines, furniture, and people. On the trees are only a few gnarled apples that the pickers have rejected. They look like the knuckles of Doctor Re efy‘ s hands. One nibbles at them and they are delicious. Into a little round place at the side of the apple has been gathered all of its sweetness. One runs from tree to tree over the frosted ground picking the gnarled, twisted apples and filling his pockets with them. Only the few know the sweetness of the twisted apples.The girl and Doctor Reefy began their courtship on a summer afternoon. He was forty-five then and already he had begun the practice of filling his pockets with the scraps of paper that became hard balls and were thrown away. The habit had been formed as he sat in his buggy behind the jaded grey horse and went slowly along country roads. On the papers were written thoughts, ends of thoughts, beginnings of thoughts.One by one the mind of Doctor Reefy had made the thoughts. Out of many of them he formed a truth that arose gigantic in his mind. The truth clouded the world. It became terrible and then faded away and the little thoughts began again.The tall dark girl came to see Doctor Reefy because she was in the family way and had become frightened. She was in that condition because of a series of circumstances also curious.The death of her father and mother and the rich acres of land that had come down to her had set a train of suitors on her heels. For two years she saw suitors almost every evening. Except two they were all alike. They talked to her of passion and there was a strained eager quality in their voices and in their eyes when they looked at her. The two who were different were much unlike each other. One of them, a slender young man with white hands, the son of a jeweler in Winesburg, talked continually of virginity. When he was with her he was never off the subject. The other, a black-haired boy with large ears, said nothing at all but always managed to get her into the darkness, where he began to kiss her.For a time the tall dark girl thought she would marry the jeweler's son. For hours she sat in silence listening as he talked to her and then she began to be afraid of something. Beneath his talk of virginity she began to think there was a lust greater than in all the others. At times it seemed to her that as he talked he was holding her body in his hands. She imagined him turning it slowly about in the white hands and staring at it. At night she dreamed that he had bitten into her body and that his jaws were dripping. She had the dream three times, then she became in the family way to the one who said nothing at all but who in the moment of his passion actually did bite her shoulder so that for days the marks of his teeth showed...-..-.After the tall dark girl came to know Doctor Reefy it seemed to her that she never wanted to leave him again. She went into his office one morning and without her saying anything he seemed to know what had happened to her.In the office of the doctor there was a woman, the wife of the man who kept the bookstore in Winesburg. Like all old-fashioned country practitioners, Doctor Reefy pulled teeth, and the woman who waited held a handkerchief to her teeth and groaned. Her husband was with her and when the tooth was taken out they both screamed and blood ran down on the woman's white dress. The tall dark girl did not pay any attention. When the woman and the man had gone the doctor smiled. "I will take you driving into the country with me," he said.For several weeks the tall dark girl and the doctor were together almost every day. The condition that had brought her to him passed in an illness, but she was like one who has discovered the sweetness of the twisted apples, she could not get her mind fixed again upon the round perfect fruit that is eaten in the city apartments. In the fall after the beginning of her acquaintanceship with him she married Doctor Reefy and in the following spring she died. During the winter he read to her all of the odds and ends of thoughts he had scribbled on the bits of paper. After he had read them he laughed and stuffed them away in his pockets to become round hard balls.11.According to the story Doctor Reefy‘s life seems very ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.A. eccentricB. normalC. enjoyableD. optimistic12.The story tells us that the tall dark girl was in the family way. The phrase “in the family way”means ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.A. troubledB. PregnantC. twistedD. cheated13.Doctor Reef lives a ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿life.A. happyB. miserableC. easy-goingD. reckless14. The tall dark girl‘s marriage to Doctor Reef proves to be a ＿＿＿＿＿one.A. transientB. understandableC. perfectD. funny15. Doctor Reef‘s paper balls probably symbolize his ＿＿＿＿＿＿.A eagerness to shut himself away from societyB suppressed desire to communicate with peopleC optimism about lifeD cynical attitude towards lifeT ext BStratford-on-A von, as we all know, has only one industry-William Shakespeare-but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), whichpresents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the A von. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway‘s Cottage, Shakespeare‘s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC‘s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It‘s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise - making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side –don‘t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight - seeing along with their play going. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town‘s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don‘t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can‘t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 per cent occupied all year long and this year they‘ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford‘s most attractive clientele. They come entirel y for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) –lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.16. From the first two paragraphs , we learn thatA. the townsfolk deny the RSC ‘ s contribution to the town‘s revenueB. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stageC. the two branches of the RSC are not on good termsD. the townsfolk earn little from tourism17. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 thatA. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separatelyB. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseersC. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoersD. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater18. By saying ―Stratford cries poor traditionally‖ (Line 2-3, Paragraph 4), the author implies thatA. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projectsB. Stratford has long been in financial difficultiesC. the town is not really short of moneyD. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid19. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy becauseA. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spendingB. the company is financially ill-managedC. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptableD. the theatre attendance is on the rise20. From the text we can conclude that the authorA. is supportive of both sidesB. favors the townsfolk‘s viewC. takes a detached attitudeD. is sympathetic to the RSC.T ext CStudents of United States history, seeking to identify the circumstances that encouraged the emergence of feminist movements, have thoroughly investigated the mid-nineteenth-century American economic and social conditions that affected the status of women. These historians, however, have analyzed less fully the development of specifically feminist ideas and activities during the same period. Furthermore, the ideological origins of feminism in the United States have been obscured because, even when historians did take into account those feminist ideas and activities occurring within the United States, they failed to recognize that feminism was then a truly international movement actually centered in Europe. American feminist activists who have been described as "solitary" and "individual theorists" were in reality connected to a movement -utopian socialism-- which was already popularizing feminist ideas in Europe during the two decades that culminated in the first women's rights conference held at Seneca Falls. New Y ork, in 1848. Thus, a complete understanding of the origins and development of nineteenth-century feminism in the United States requires that the geographical focus be widened to include Europe and that the detailed study already made of social conditions be expanded to include the ideological development of feminism.The earliest and most popular of the utopian socialists were the Saint-Simonians. The specifically feminist part of Saint-Simonianism has, however, been less studied than the group's contribution to early socialism. This is regrettable on two counts. By 1832 feminism was the central concern of Saint-Simonianism and entirely absorbed its adherents' energy; hence, by ignoring its feminism. European historians have misunderstood Saint-Simonianism. Moreover, since many feminist ideas can be traced to Saint-Simonianism, European historians' appreciation of later feminism in France and the United States remained limited.Saint-Simon's followers, many of whom were women, based their feminism on an interpretation of his project to reorganize the globe by replacing brute force with the rule of spiritual powers. The new world order would be ruled together by a male, to represent reflection, and a female, to represent sentiment. This complementarity reflects the fact that, while the Saint-Simonians did not reject the belief that there were innate differences between men and women, they nevertheless foresaw an equally important social and political role for both sexes in their Utopia.Only a few Saint-Simonians opposed a definition of sexual equality based on gender distinction. This minority believed that individuals of both sexes were born similar in capacity and character, and they ascribed male-female differences to socialization and education. The envisioned result of both currents of thought, however, was that women would enter public life in the new age and that sexual equality would reward men as well as women with an improved way of life.21.It can be inferred that the author considers those historians who describe early feminists in the Unrated: States as "solitary" to beA insufficiently familiar with the international origins of nineteenth-century American feminist thoughtB overly concerned with the regional diversity of feminist ideas in the period before 1848C not focused narrowly enough in their geo-graphical scopeD insufficiently aware of the ideological consequences of the Seneca Falls conference22.According to the passage, which of the followingis true of the Seneca Falls conference on women's rights?A It was primarily a product of nineteenth-century Saint-Simonian feminist thought.B It was the work of American activists who were independent of feminists abroad.C It was the culminating achievement of the Utopian socialist movement.D It was a manifestation of an international movement for social change and feminism23.The author's attitude toward most European historians who have studied the Saint-Simoniansis primarily one ofA approval of the specific focus of their researchB disapproval of their lack of attention to the issue that absorbed most of the Saint-Simonians' energy after 1832C approval of their general focus on social conditionsD disapproval of their lack of attention to links between the Saint-Simonians and their American counterparts24. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that study of Saint-Simonianism is necessary for historians of American feminism because such studyA would clarify the ideological origins of those feminist ideas that influenced American feminismB would increase understanding of a movement that deeply influenced the Utopian socialism of early American feministsC would focus attention on the most important aspect of Saint-Simonian thought before 1832D promises to offer insight into a movement that was a direct outgrowth of the Seneca Falls conference of 184825. According to the passage, which of the following would be the most accurate description of the society envisioned by most Saint-Simonians?A A society in which women were highly regarded for their extensive educationB A society in which the two genders played complementary roles and had equal statusC A society in which women did not enter public lifeD A social order in which a body of men and women would rule together on the basis of their spiritual powerText DJoy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when otherpeople are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may be universal. Smiling is apparently a universal sign of friendliness and approval. Baring the teeth in a hostile way, as noted by Charles Darwin in the nineteenth century, may be a universe sign of anger. As the originator of the theory of evolution, Darwin believed that the universal recognition of facial expressions would have survival value. For example, facial expressions could signal the approach of enemies (or friends) in the absence of language.Most investigators concur that certain facial expressions suggest the same emotions in a people. Moreover, people in diverse cultures recognize the emotions manifested by the facial expressions. In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness. He then asked people around the world to indicate what emotions were being depicted in them. Those queried ranged from European college students to members of the Fore, a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands. All groups including the Fore, who had almost no contact with Western culture, agreed on the portrayed emotions. The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked how they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses. Ekman and his colleagues more recently obtained similar results in a study of ten cultures in which participants were permitted to report that multiple emotions were shown by facial expressions. The participants generally agreed on which two emotions were being shown and which emotion was more intense.Psychological researchers generally recognize that facial expressions reflect emotional states. In fact, various emotional states give rise to certain patterns of electrical activity in the facial muscles and in the brain. The facial-feedback hypothesis argues, however, that the causal relationship between emotions and facial expressions can also work in the opposite direction. According to this hypothesis, signals from the facial muscles ("feedback") are sent back to emotion centers of the brain, and so a person's facial expression can influence that person's emotional state. Consider Darwin's words: "The free expression by outward signs of an emotion intensifies it. On the other hand, the repression, as far as possible, of all outward signs softens our emotions." Can smiling give rise to feelings of good will, for example, and frowning to anger?Psychological research has given rise to some interesting findings concerning the facial-feedback hypothesis. Causing participants in experiments to smile, for example, leads them to report more positive feelings and to rate cartoons (humorous drawings of people or situations) as being more humorous. When they are caused to frown, they rate cartoons as being more aggressive.What are the possible links between facial expressions and emotion? One link is arousal, which is the level of activity or preparedness for activity in an organism. Intense contraction of facial muscles, such as those used in signifying fear, heightens arousal. Self-perception of heightened arousal then leads to heightened emotional activity. Other links may involve changes in brain temperature and the release of neurotransmitters (substances that transmit nerve impulses.) The contraction of facial muscles both influences the internal emotional state and reflects it. Ekman has found that the so-called Duchenne smile, which is characterized by "crow's feet" wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings.Ekman's observation may be relevant to the British expression "keep a stiff upper lip" as a recommendation for handling stress. It might be that a "stiff" lip suppresses emotional response-as long as the lip is not quivering with fear or tension. But when the emotion that leads to stiffening the lip is more intense, and involves strong muscle tension, facial feedback may heighten emotional response.26. The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning toA curiousB unhappyC thoughtfulD uncertain27. The author mentions "Baring the teeth in a hostile way" in order toA differentiate one possible meaning of a particular facial expression from other meanings of itB upport Darwin's theory of evolutionC provide an example of a facial expression whose meaning is widely understoodD contrast a facial expression that is easily understood with other facial expressions28. The word concur in the passage is closest in meaning toA estimateB agreeC expectD understand29. According to paragraph 2, which of the following was true of the Fore people ofNew Guinea?A They did not want to be shown photographs.B They were famous for their story-telling skills.C They knew very little about Western culture.D They did not encourage the expression of emotions.30. According to the passage, what did Darwin believe would happen to human emotions that were not expressed?A They would become less intense.B They would last longer than usual.C They would cause problems later.D They would become more negative.Part III GENERAL KZNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multi-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answer on your colored answer sheet.31. _____________________ is the world‘s largest expor ter of lamb and mutton.A. New ZealandB. AustraliaC. CanadaD. America32. _____________________ is popularly known in the West as the Land Down Under.A. BritainB. CanadaC. AustraliaD. New Zealand33. Shakespeare wrote all the following works EXCEPT ____________________.A. HamletB. King LearC. OthelloD. Wuthering Heights34. Mark Twain is most famous for ____________________________________.A. poemsB. NovelsC. DramasD. science fiction35. ______________________________was NOT written by Charles Dickens.A. David CopperfieldB. Oliver Twist、C. Sons and LoversD. A Tale of Two Cities36. British prime minister normally serves a ______ term.A. two-yearB. five-yearC. four-yearD. six-year37. __________________________ is sometimes called the birthplace of America.A. New EnglandB. the SouthC. the WestD. the Midwest38. Semantics is the study of ______________________.A. linguistic competenceB. language functionsC. meaningsD. social behavior39. Which of the following is not generally believed to be area of linguistics?A. syntaxB. semanticsC. phonologyD. etiology40. TG grammar was advanced by_______________________________.A. SearleB. WhorfC. HallidayD. Noam ChomskyPART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.照相是一种既兼并客观世界，又表达独特自我的技术。