《翻译理论与实践》期末考试试卷附答案B卷

英译汉理论与实践期末考查试卷General directions: The present test consists of four parts, with Part One consisting of 10 passages and all the other three each consisting of 5 passages only. Students are required to select two passages from Part One and one passage from each of the other parts. Each translation will constitute 20 scores and 100 scores in all.Part I Translation of selections from English novels (10 passages available, 2 translations necessary, 20 scores for each translation, 40 scores for translations of this part)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 10 passages selected from various English novels. Students will be required to translate only 2 of them.1 This letter completed, Miss Pinkerton proceeded to write her own name, and Miss Sedley’s, in the fly-leaf of a Johnson’s Dictionary – the interesting work which she invariably presented to her scholars on their departure from the Mall. On the cover was inserted a copy of “Lines addressed to a young lady on quitting Miss Pinkerton’s school, at the Mall; by the late revered Doctor Samuel Johnson.” In fact, the Lexicographer’s name was always on the lips of this majestic woman, and a visit he had paid to her was the cause of her reputation and her fortune.2 Although schoolmistresses’ letters are to be trusted no more nor less than churchyard epitaphs; yet, as it sometimes happens that a person departs this life who is really deserving of all the praises the stonecutter carves over his bones; who is a good Christian, a good parent, child, wife, or husband; who actually does leave a disconsolate family to mourn his loss; so in academies of the male and female sex it occurs every now and then, that the pupil is fully worthy of the praises bestowed by the disinterested instructor. Now Miss Amelia Sedley was a young lady of this singular species.3 So that when the day of departure came, between her two customs of laughing and crying, Miss Sedley was greatly puzzled how to act. She was glad to go home, and yet most woefully sad at leaving school. For three days before, little Laura Martin, the orphan, followed her about, like a little dog. She had to make and receive at least fourteen presents, - to make fourteen solemn promises of writing every week: “Send my letters under cover to my grandpapa, the Earl of Dexter,” said Miss Saltire.4 When Miss Sharp had performed the heroic act mentioned in the last chapter, and had seen the Dixonary, flying over the pavement of the little garden, fall at length at the feet of the astonished Miss Jemima, the you ng lady’s countenance, which had before worn an almost livid look of hatred, assumed a smile that perhaps was scarcely more agreeable, and she sank back in the carriage in an easy frame of mind, saying, “So much for the Dixonary; and, thank God, I’m out of Chiswick.”5 Miss Sharp’s father was an artist, and in that quality had given lessons of drawing at Miss Pinkerton’s school. He was a clever man; a pleasant companion; a careless student; with a great propensity for running into debt, and a partiality for the tavern. When he was drunk, he used tobeat his wife and daughter; and the next morning, with a headache, he would rail at the world for its neglect of his genius, and abuse, with a good deal of cleverness, and sometimes with perfect reason, the fools, his brother painters.6 On fine days at this time of the year, and earlier, certain ephemeral operations were apt to disturb in their trifling way, the majestic calm of Egdon Heath. They were activities which, beside those of a town, a village, or even a farm, would have appeared as the ferment of stagnation merely, a creeping of the flesh of somnolence. But here, away from comparisons, shut in by the stable hills, among which mere walking had the novelty of pageantry, and where any man could imagine himself to be Adam without the least difficulty, they attracted the attention of every bird within eyeshot, every reptile not yet asleep, and set the surrounding rabbits curiously watching from hillocks at a safe distance.7 Involved in these imaginings she knew nothing of time. When she became conscious of externals it was dusk. The furze-rick was finished; the men had gone home. Eustacia went upstairs, thinking that she would take a walk at this her usual time; and determined that her walk should be in the direction of Blooms-End, the birthplace of young Yeobright and the present home of his mother. She had no reason for walking elsewhere, and why should she not go that way? The scene of a daydream is sufficient for pilgrimage at nineteen. To look at the pa lings before the Yeobrights’ house had the dignity of a necessary performance. Strange that such a piece of idling should have seemed an important errand.8 Thomasin lowered Her face to the apples again. “I am a warning to others, just as thieves and drun kards and gamblers are,” she said in a low voice. “What a class to belong to! Do I really keep on making me think that I do, by the way they behave towards me? Why don’t people judge me by my acts? Now, look at me as I kneel here, picking up these apples –do I look like a lost woman? … I wish all good women were as good as I”, she added vehemently.9 She strained her eyes to see them, but was unable. Such was her intentness, however, that it seemed as if her ears were performing the functions of seeing as well as hearing. This extension of power can almost be believed in at such moments. The deaf Dr Kitto was probably under the influence of a parallel fancy when he described his body as having become, by long endeavor, so sensitive to vibrations that he had gained the power of perceiving by it as by ears.10 That night was an eventful one to Eustacia’s brain, and one which she hardly ever forgot. She dreamt a dream; and few human beings, from Nebuchadnezzar to the Swaffham tinker, ever dreamt a more remarkable one. Such an elaborately developed, perplexing, exciting dream was certainly never dreamed by a girl in Eustacia’s situation before. It had as many ramifications as the Cretan labyrinth, as many fluctuations as the Northern Lights, as much color as a parterre in June, and was as crowded with figures as a coronation. To Queen Scheherazade the dream might have seemed not far removed from commonplace; and to a girl just returned from all the courts of Europe it might have seemed not more than interesting. But amid the circumstances of Eustacia’s life it was as wonderful as a dream could be.Part II Translation of selections from famous speeches (5 passages available, 1 translation necessary, 20 scores for each translation, 20 scores for translation of this part)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 5 passages selected from various English novels. Students will be required to translate only 1 of them.11 The object of foreign policy in this country is and must always be the maintenance of peace. If, however, peace is to be enduring, it must rest on foundations of frank reciprocity and of mutual respect. It follows that we must be ready to negotiate with all countries, whatever their forms of government, in order to promote international understanding. But we must also be watchful that, in our conception of such negotiations and in the method by which we seek to further them, we are, in fact, strengthening, not undermining, the foundations on which international confidence rests.12 The immediate issue is whether such official conversations (between the British and Italian governments) should be opened in Rome now. In my conviction, the attitude of the Italian government to international problems in general, and this country in particular, is not yet such as to justify this course. The ground has been in no respect prepared. Propaganda against this country by the Italian government is rife throughout the world. I am myself pledged to this House not to open conversations with Italy until this hostile propaganda ceases.13 This decision has been made less difficult to me by the sure knowledge that my brother, with his long training in the public affairs of this country and with his fine qualities, will be able to take my place forthwith without interruption or injury to the life and progress of the empire. And he has one matchless blessing, enjoyed by so many of you, and not bestowed on me – a happy home with his wife and children.14 I have been very happy here tonight. I entirely understand the distinction made by our chairman tonight when he said you hold me in social esteem and a certain amount of personal affection. I am not a sentimental man, but I am not insensible to all that. I know the value of all that, and it gives me, now that I have come to the age of seventy (it will not occur again and I am saying it for the last time), a great feeling of pleasure that I can say what a good many people can’t say.15 I can’t conceive of nothing worse than a man-governed world except a woman-governed world – but I can see the combination of the two going forward and making civilization more worthy of the name of civilization based on Christianity, not force. A civilization based on justice, and mercy.I feel men have a greater sense of justice and we of mercy. They must borrow our mercy and we must use their justice. We are new brooms; let us see that we sweep the right room.Part III Translation of selections from modern English writings (5 passages available, 1 translation necessary, 20 scores for each translation, 20 scores for translation of this part)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 5 passages selected from various modern English writings. Students will be required to translate only 1 of them.16 A day after Priestley’s crash at Kentu cky Speedway last week, he was helicoptered 190 milesnorth to Indianapolis’s Methodist hospital, a mecca for “motor-sports medicine.” Methodist doctors have been fixing injured drivers since the first Indy race took place four miles down the road in 1911. “These guys are the best in the world,” says Davey Hamilton, a six-time Indy 500 starter who expected to have both feet amputated after a June 2001 crash in Texas.17 As the first anniversary of the 9-11 attacks draws nearer, victims’ families are quiet ly waging a letter – writing campaign asking TV networks to provide warnings before airing graphic footage of the attacks. Carie Lemack, a 27-year-old from Boston whose mother was on American Airlines Flight 11, says that when she sees the plane going into the North Tower, “it’s like watching my mother being murdered over and over again.”18 But stories of a deeper horror came from the prisoners themselves. However awful their conditions, they were the lucky ones. There were alive. May hundreds of their comrades, they said, had been killed on the journey to Sheberghan from Konduz by being stuffed into sealed cargo containers and left to asphyxiate. Local aid workers and Afghan officials quietly confirmed that they had heard the same stories. They confirmed, too, persistent reports about the disposal of many of the dead in mass graves at Dasht-e Leili.19 That’s when Haglund, a veteran of similar investigations in Rwanda, Sri Lanka, the Balkans and other scenes of atrocity, was called in. Standing at what he reckoned from the ’dozer tracks was an edge of the gravesite, he pushed a long, hollow probe deep into the compacted sand, then he sniffed. The acrid smell reeking up the shaft was unmistakable. Haglund and local laborers later dug down; at five feet, they came upon a layer of decomposing corpses, lying pressed together in a row.20 So are thousands of others. Each year close to 900,000 implants collected from donor cadavers are shipped to hospitals for use in a variety of procedures, including repairing cartilage, fusing bone and replacing heart valves. The products improve outcomes and save lives – and the vast majority are successfully implanted. But after Brian Lykins, 23, died last November, days after knee surgery involving CryoLife tissue, federal health agencies began taking a closer look at implant safety.Part IV Translation of selections from American Highlights (5 passages available, 1 translation necessary, 20 scores for each translation, 20 scores for translation of this part)Directions: In this part of the test, there are 5 passages selected from American Highlight. Students will be required to translate only 1 of them.21 Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) wrote her whimsical, darting verse with sublime indifference to any notion of being a democratic or popular poet. Her work, far different from that of either Whitman or Longfellow, illustrated the fact that one could take a single household and an inactive life, and make enchanting poetry out of it.Miss Dickinson was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, where her father was a prominent lawyer and politician and where her grandfather had established an academy and college.22 When she began writing poetry Emily had relatively little formal education. She did know Shakespeare and classical mythology and was especially interested in women authors such as Elizabeth Browning and the Bronte sisters. She was also acquired with the works of Emerson, Thoreau and Hawthorne. Though she did not believe in the conventional religion of her family, she had studied the Bible, and many of her poems resemble hymns in form.23 There were several men who, at different times in her life, acted as teacher or master to Emily. The first was Benjamin Newton, a young lawyer in her father’s law office who improved her li terary and cultural tastes and influenced her ideas on religion. She refers to him as “a friend, who taught me Immortality.”24 Emily’s next teacher was Charles Wadsworth, a married middle-aged minister who provided her with intellectual challenge and contact with the outside world. It appears that she felt an affection for him that he could not return, and when he moved to San Francisco in 1862, she removed herself from society even more than she had before. Wadsworth may have been the model for the lover in her poems, though it is just as likely that the literary figure is purely imaginary.25 Miss Dickinson’s greatest outpouring of poems occurred in the early 1860s, and because she was isolated, the Civil War affected her thinking very little. At this time she sent some of her work to Thomas Higginson, a prominent critic and author. He was impressed by her poetry, but suggested that she use a more conventional grammar. Emily, however, refused to revise her poems to fit the standards of others and took no interest in having them published; in fact she had only seven poems published during her lifetime. In Higginson she did, nevertheless, gain an intelligent and sympathetic critic with whom to discuss her work.。

Interpretation Training TestPaper B(Tape script)Part A ( E-C) (50%)Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear two passages in English. Each passage consists of four sentences. After you have heard each sentence, interpret it into Chinese. You may take notes while listening.Passage 1 (25%):On behalf of all the members of my delegation, I would like to thank your company for the gracious invitation and hospitality.During our stay, we met a lot of friends and visited many factories. The new progress you have made impressed us deeply.We have a long friendly relationship with China. We have made great progress in many areas, especially in high-tech areas.Our cooperation is sincere and effective. We are no longer remote and strange to each other, but cordial friends and important trading partners.Passage 2 (25%):This is a happy and memorable occasion for me personally as well as for all the members of my delegation.I wish to thank you for the generous hospitality and the warmth with which we have received.In accepting your gracious invitation to visit Shanghai, it has provided me with an excellent opportunity to learn about the investment environment here.It is my sincere wish that we would reach an agreement on the establishment of a joint venture in this most promising city.Part B (C-E) (50%)Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear two passages in Chinese. Each passage consists of four sentences. After you have heard each sentence, interpret it into English. You may take notes while listening.Passage 1 (25%):今天我们聚会在一起，在平等互利的基础上，就广泛领域里建立合作伙伴关系交换我们彼此的看法。

Interpretation Training TestPaper B(Tape script)Part A ( E-C) (50%)Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear two passages in English. Each passage consists of two paragraphs. After you have heard each paragraph, interpret it into Chinese. You may take notes while listening.Passage 1 (25%):It is an honor to participate in this conference on the strategic issues facing this wonderful and dynamic city and to speak on behalf of General Motors. We recognize that China is one of the fastest growing economies in the world today. China is expected to become the second largest economy of the world in fifty years.Therefore, to be a viable player in the global marketplace, a company has to be in China. A foreign investor must have a strategic plan and the willingness to form a long-term partnership with China. On a foundation of seeking a win-win situation for both China and GM, we have developed a strategic roadmap based on mutual benefit and sustainable development.Passage 2 (25%):Australia is an exceptionally beautiful country. This is the world’s smallest continent and yet the largest island. Here tourists will witness with admiration a variety of astonishing environments, from tropical beaches to white snow covered fields, from vast deserts to rain forests.Tourists will also admire a wide array of unique and intriguing animals and plants and sunny and comfortable climate. They will meet interesting, cosmopolitan and friendly people there. From the tourist’s viewpoint, Australia is one of the world’s most attractive lands.Part B ( C-E) (50%)Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear two passages in Chinese. Each passage consists of two paragraphs. After you have heard each paragraph, interpret it into English. You may take notes while listening.Passage 1 (25%):亚太经合组织是本地区最有影响的经济论坛，也是世界上最具活力的经济合作组织之一。

英语原文：Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and applications ( Chapter 11) 韌铎碉宛槪咅：理施沁用()11.4 The future: co-operation or fragmentation?未来:合作或分裂？Translation studies is therefore already functioning, to borrow McCarty's term, at the interstices of existing fields and is developing a new inter-disciplinary character ・在现有领域中，翻译研究借助麦克凯帝的术语, 早就发挥了重要的作用。

现在，翻译研究朝着一个跨学科的新方向发展。

The question is how far this is a strength or a weakness for the field as a whole.问题是跨学科发展对于整个翻译研究领域是有利的还是有弊的呢？它的作业有多大？Each of its subject areas is competing for prime position, with perhaps the most evident split being that between linguists and cultural theorists (seeBaker 1997b: 277-80, Venuti 1998: 7-8).在跨学科翻译研究中，每个学科想获得最好的地位而相互竞争。

在语言学家和文化理论家之间的竞争最为激烈，这也导致语言学科和文化学科之间的分裂也更明显。

(见贝克1997b： 277-80, 韦努蒂1998： 7-8) oThe former dominated in the 1950s and 1960s, while in the last decade linguistic theories have been marginalized by scholars moving within, or adopting the practices of, other disciplines.在20世纪50年代和60年代的之间语言学科一直处于上风，但在过去的十年中，语言学理论一直被学术界的学者们所排斥，或是采用其他学科的做法。

翻译理论与实践（汉译英）习题第一周词的选择复习思考题：翻译下列句子，注意选词：我的表不准，每天快十多分钟。

时间过得真快！情人节快到了。

这把刀很快。

参考译文：My watch doesn’t keep good time. It gains more than ten minutes a day.How time does fly!Valentine’s Day is near. Or:Valentine’s Day is at hand. Or:Valentine’s Day is drawing near.The knife is really sharp. (*The knife is swift.)第二周词语翻译技巧（词义引申）复习思考题练习：根据本节所讲进行选词1.人民现在为什么拥护我们？就是这十几年有发展。

2.由于全球气候变暖，海平面在一点点地上升。

3.改革开放也使民族精神获得了解放。

4.我们的企业应着重提高国际竞争力。

5.中国的现代化建设离不开与世界各国的经济合作与贸易往来。

6.世界科技进步和产业结构的调整，亚太地区经济的迅速增长，给我国经济发展提供了有利条件。

在我国中长期发展中，也有不可制约的因素，突出的是：……7.在1993年亚太经合组织第一次领导人非正式会议上，我曾说过，把一个什么样的世界带到二十一世纪，是我们这一代领导人必须认真思考和解决的重大问题。

环顾新世纪初的世界和亚太地区形势，可以说是有喜有忧。

8.为了进行认真细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景。

9.专家普遍认为积极的财政政策对于最近几年的经济快速增长势头起了很大作用，2003年，这一政策的实施除了应向社会保障，农村教育及基础设施倾斜以外，还应从政府投资转向民间投资。

10.这些价值观和孔子宣扬的一些思想有很多相同之处，孔子的思想强调的是中庸适度。

Interpretation Training TestPaper B(Tape script)Part A ( E-C) (50%)Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear two passages in English. Each passage consists of two paragraphs. After you have heard each paragraph, interpret it into Chinese. You may take notes while listening.Passage 1 (25%):I’m very happy that the Chinese Provincial Trade Delegation is here attending the opening ceremony of the US Science and Technology Exhibition. My warmest welcome goes to our Chinese friends from the other side of the planet. This exhibition is a display of recent Hi-Tech achievements in the United States.Please share with us the pride and joy we have that some of exhibits are the products from some US-Chinese joint ventures. Although displays of these exhibits is proportionally a mere fraction, only 5% of all the exhibits, it is nevertheless a promising sign of our future cooperation. “ A good beginning is half the battle,” as we always believe it. I wish my Chinese friends a most rewarding visit.Passage 2 (25%):Information technologies are fundamentally transforming the world in which people live, work, govern, and communicate. In this global Information Revolution, the accelerated development of information and communications technologies is having an increasing impact on virtually all aspects of economic activity and social structures.More importantly, the nature of technologies is shifting from analog to digital, wired and fixed to wireless and mobile, and from separate transmissions of voice, data, text and image to interactive multimedia. This world of advanced electronic networks will open up an entirely new domain of possibility and progress.Part B ( C-E) (50%)Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear two passages in Chinese. Each passage consists of two paragraphs. After you have heard each paragraph, interpret it into English. You may take notes while listening.Passage 1 (25%):上海是中国重要的经济、金融、贸易、科技、信息与文化中心。

Interpretation Training Test Paper ( B)I. English to Chinese (50%)Passage One (25%):Well, I think the good points about London is that London is still a very tolerant and very relaxed place, and most people, I find, are very friendly. It’s still a very fluid society---if you go to America, you find a much more ghettoized society in terms of races, where you have middle-class black ghettoes and middle-class white ghettoes, whereas in this society you don’t have that rigid sort of ghettoized society, even in Brixton, which is supposed to be the black area in London. You find, sort of middle-class white people and black people living side by side. It’s still a much more mixed and heterogeneous society than America. And it is in many ways---in London---an open and a tolerant society.Passage Two (25%):This morning I’m going to talk briefly about consumer price changes in five major countries during the period 1997 to 1999. Let’s look at the United States figures. As you can see, the annual change in consumer prices rose from around 4% in 1997 to just under 6% in 1998, before falling back to around 3% in 1999. Throughout this period, the United States had the highest rate of inflation of the five countries considered. Now turning to France, we can see that consumer prices rose less quickly than those in Britain and the United States throughout this period. Inflation rose to over 3% in 1997 and 1998, before falling back to just over 2% in 1999. Indeed by 1999, the inflation rate in France had fallen below that in Germany and was now equal to that in Japan.II. Chinese to English (50%)Passage one (25%):我是香港无线电视的记者。

华中师范大学网络学院《翻译理论与实践》练习测试题（答案及参考译文）一．在下列句中空白处填上合适的词语。

每空1分。

共10分。

1．翻译是跨（语言）、跨（文化）、跨（社会）的交际活动。

2．篇章的粘连分（语义）粘连和（结构）粘连两大类，粘连的目的是实现篇章的（连贯）。

3．社会符号学的翻译标准是（语意）相符、（功能）相似。

4．格赖斯的（合作）原则和利奇的（礼貌）原则是促使语言交际成功的语用原则。

5．社会符号学翻译法以韩礼德所述的语言的社会符号性为根据，以符号学的意义观为核心。

语言符号具备三种意义，它们是（言内）意义、（指称）意义和（语用）意义。

6．语言对比是研究语言在（使用）中产生的意义。

7．泰特勒在《翻译的原则》一书中提出了著名德三原则：A．译文应完整地再现原文的（思想内容）。

B．译文的（风格）、（笔调）应与原文的性质相同。

C．译文应像原文一样（流畅自然）。

8．汉语语法呈（隐含）性，英语语法呈（外显）性。

9．信、达、雅10．忠实通顺11．理解、表达校核12．译出语（或原文）译入语（或译文）13．口译笔译机器翻译14．意美音美形美15．直译16．合句法17．全译摘译编译18．切近自然信息19．口译笔译机器翻译20．易解丰姿21．归化22．神似23. 钱钟书先生提出：“文学翻译的最高标准是‘（化）’。

把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既不能因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原有的风味，那就算得入‘（化境）’”。

24．从涉及到的语言符号来看，翻译可分为（语内）翻译、（语际）翻译、和（符际）翻译。

（答题顺序可以颠倒）25．所谓功能指语言所具有的种种社会功能。

英国翻译理论家彼得·纽马克将其分为6种：（信息）功能、（表情）功能、（祈使）功能、美感功能、酬应功能和元语言功能。

26．将He is armed to the teeth译成“他全副武装”，采用的是（意译）的方法；将其译成“他武装到了牙齿”，采用的是（直译）的方法。

《翻译理论与实践》期末考试试卷与答案Ⅰ. Directions: Translate the following passage into English, using the words and phrases given below.（1小题*40=40）史蒂芬·霍金博士是世界上最著名的理论物理学家之一。

乍一看，他是一个坐在电动轮椅上个子矮小的人。

他在攻读博士学位时得了一种无法治愈(incurable) ALS病。

虽然这种病没有日渐恶化，但有一段时间霍金无法面对他失去正常行动和讲话的能力这一事实。

直到他与一个叫简的女孩订婚后才又振作起来。

现在，霍金博士保持每天工作8小时以上，并取得了令全球瞩目的成就。

II.Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese.（2小题*30=60）1.The Yellow River ranks the third longest in Asia and the sixth longest in the world. The word “yellow” describes the muddy water of the river. The Yellow River，one of several rivers for China to live on，originates from Qinghai，flows through nine provinces, and finally pours into the Bohai Sea. The river basin is not only the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization，but also the most prosperous region in the early history of China. However,due to the frequent devastating floods, it has caused many disasters. In the past few decades,the government has taken various measures to prevent disasters.2.With China’s reform and opening up, many young people tend to hold Western-style weddings these days. The bride wears a white wedding dress at the wedding, because white is considered as a symbol of purity. However, in traditional Chinese culture, white is often used in funerals, so be sure to remember that white flowers must not be used as a gift to the patient, especially not to the seniors or patients in critical conditions. Similarly, the cash gift cannot be packed in a white envelope, but in a red envelope.翻译理论与实践参考答案1.Dr. Stephen Hawking is one of the most famous theoretical physicists in the world. At firstsight he is a small figure in an electric wheelchair. When he worked for PHD, he had incurable ALS. Though the disease didn’t worsen day by day, but for some time Hawking couldn’t face up to the fact that he lost his abilities to move and speak normally. He didn’t pull himself together until he was engaged to a girl, Jane. Now, Prof. Hawking keeps up working more than 8 hours a day and has made great achievements which draw global attention to.2.黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。