2013年8月3日雅思阅读机经

雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心董怡考试日期：2013年8月3日Executive Order 12036,[1] which generally prohibited the use of the United States Armed Forces in "special activities."On one hand, the CIA became the only branch to run clandestine operations abroad, but lacked the resources to do so; on the other hand, the Army had the equipment but not the authority to carry out clandestine operations. A joint unit was created to bring these assets together. SEASPRAY operated many air assets, including various Cessna and Beechcraft light fixed-wing airplanes, and modified FLIR-equipped Hughes 500MD rotary-wing aircraft equipped to transport up to nine operators.At first, the unit had 10 pilots, the best flyboys out of the Army's 4,000. Hundreds were evaluated by the CIA, and the best of the best were chosen. Finally, a commercial cover was devised, so that the unit could engage in covert operations, and not be identified as a part of the military. The cover was a CIA company, Aviation Tech Services, which let the helicopters appear as they were privately owned. The unit itself was headquartered at Fort Eustis, Virginia, and was named the First Rotary Wing Test Activity. Another secret headquarters for Seaspray was located in Tampa Bay at MacDill Air Force Base, to support operations in Central America.Seaspray would be involved in countless covert operations, most of which the public will never know of. They conducted intelligence missions, transported foreign leaders, and participated in counter-terrorist exercises and missions with Delta Force and other CT units. A few times, Seaspray helicopters were loaned to the Drug Enforcement Administration to combat drug smuggling. In one particular incident, a Seaspray pilot observed as a tanker off the Florida coast, unloaded"cargo" to high speed boats. Eventually, the Seaspray force grew to nine fixed-wing aircraft and five helicopters. Seaspray could get things done quickly, and they were generally well-liked in the special operations community. When Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) needed a Boeing 737 airplane for a counter-terrorist exercise, the U.S. Air Force told them it would take three months to get one. Seaspray delivered the 737 in 3 days.题型难度分析流程图优先做；Summary题难度不大，主要考察定位技巧；选择题注意答案和原文的同义替换。

雅思阅读机经人类与机器人大家在备考雅思阅读的时候可以多参考一些机经，让大家对雅思阅读的考试内容和形式有一个大致了解，下面小编给大家带来雅思阅读机经人类与机器人，希望对你们有所帮助。

雅思阅读机经真题解析：人类与机器人Man or MachineADuring July 2003, the Museum of Science in Cambridge, Massachusetts exhibited what Honda calls 'the world's most advanced humanoid robot', AS1MO (the Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility). Honda's brainchild is on tour in North America and delighting audiences wherever it goes. After 17 years in the making, ASIMO stands at four feet tall, weighs around 115 pounds and looks like a child in an astronaut's suit. Though it is difficult to see ASIMO's face at a distance, on closer inspection it has a smile and two large eyes' that conceal cameras. The robot cannot work autonomously - its actions are 'remote controlled' by scientists through the computer in its backpack. Yet watching ASMIO perform at a show in Massachusetts it seemed uncannily human. The audience cheered as ASIMO walked forwards and backwards, side to side and up and downstairs. After the show, a number of people told me that they would like robots to play more of a role in daily life - one even said that the robot would be like 'another person'.BWhile the Japanese have made huge strides in solving some of the engineering problems of human kinetics (n.动力学) and bipedal (adj. 两足动物的)movements, for the past 10 years scientists at MIT's former Artificial Intelligence (Al) lab (recently renamed the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, CSAIL) have been making robots that can behave likehumans and interact with humans. One of MITs robots, Kismet, is an anthropomorphic (adj.拟人的) head and has two eyes (complete with eyelids), ears, a mouth, and eyebrows. It has several facial expressions, including happy, sad, frightened and disgusted. Human interlocutors are able to read some of the robot's facial expressions, and often change their behavior towards the machine as a result - for example, playing with it when it appears ‘sad’. Kismet is now in MIT’s museum, but the ideas developed here continue to be explored in new robots.CCog (short for Cognition) is another pioneering project from MIT’s former AI lab. Cog has a head, eyes, two arms, ha nds and a torso (n.躯干) - and its proportions were originally measured from the body of a researcher in the lab. The work on Cog has been used to test theories of embodiment and developmental robotics, particularly getting a robot to develop intelligence by responding to its environment via sensors, and to learn through these types of interactions.DMIT is getting furthest down the road to creating human-like and interactive robots. Some scientists argue that ASIMO is a great engineering feat but not an intelligent machine - because it is unable to interact autonomously with unpredictabilities in its environment in meaningful ways, and learn from experience. Robots like Cog and Kismet and new robots at MIT’s CSAIL and media lab, however, are beginning to do this.EThese are exciting developments. Creating a machine that can walk, make gestures and learn from its environment is an amazing achievement. And watch this space: these achievements are likely rapidly to be improved upon. Humanoid robots could have a plethora of uses in society, helping to free people from everyday tasks. In japan, for example, there is an aim to createrobots that can do the tasks similar to an average human, and also act in more sophisticated situations as firefighters, astronauts or medical assistants to the elderly in the workplace and in homes – partly in order to counterbalance the effects of an ageing population.FSuch robots say much about the way in which we view humanity, and they bring out the best and worst of us. On one hand, these developments express human creativity - our ability to invent, experiment, and to extend our control over the world. On the other hand, the aim to create a robot like a human being is spurred on by dehumanized ideas - by the sense that human companionship can be substituted by machines; that humans lose their humanity when they interact with technology; or that we are little more than surface and ritual behaviors, that can be simulated with metal and electrical circuits.Questions 1-6Reading passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet.NB you may use any letter more than once1 different ways of using robots2 a robot whose body has the same proportion as that of an adult3 the fact that human can be copied and replaced by robots4 a comparison between ASIMO from Honda and other robots5 the pros and cons of creating robots6 a robot that has eyebrowsQuestions 7-13Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage 1, using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the Reading Passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 7-13 on your answer sheet.In 2003, Massachusetts displayed a robot named ASIMO which was invented by Honda, after a period of 7 in the making. The operating information is stored in the computer in its 8 so that scientists can control ASIMO's movement. While Japan is making great progress, MIT is developing robots that are human-like and can 9 humans. What is special about Kismet is that it has different 10 which can be read by human interlocutors. 11 is another robot from MIT, whose body's proportion is the same as an adult. By responding to the surroundings through 12 ,it could develop its 13 .文章题目：Man or Machine篇章结构体裁议论文题目是人还是机器结构A. ASMID研制成功并向公众展示的社会影响B. CSAIL一直致力于研制拟人机器人C. Cog是有着和人来一样的比例的机器人D. 在创造类人互动机器人方面, MIT走在前端E. 类人机器人的发展空间F. 创造类人机器人的利与弊试题分析Question 1-13题目类型：Information in relevant paragraph定位词文中对应点题目解析1Different ways E段第4句E段开头就引出创造机器人的成就, 随后并提出这些成就有一定的发展空间, 直到第四句说明这些类人机器人have a plethora of uses,用途多样. 因此答案为E2The same proportion...adultC段第2句C段第2句提到cog has a head...and its proportions were originally measured from the body of a researcher in the lab. 表明该机器人是按照成年人人体比例创造的, 因此答案为C3Copied replacedF段第3句F段第三句the aim to create...by the sense human...can be substituted..., that can be simulated 都表示人类可被机器等取代.因此答案为F4ComparisonASIMO... Pther robotsD段第2,3句D段第2句指出ASIMO is...but not an intelligent machine,because it is unable to...learn from experience.第3句又表明robots like...however, are beginning to do this. 体现出其他机器人能做到ASIMO所不能做到的自发学习. 因此答案为D5Pros and consF段第1句F段开头指出这些机器人证明了我们看待人性的方式, bring out the best and worst of us.这半句话体现出创造机器人的利与弊. 因此答案为F6eyebrowsB段倒数第4句B段倒数第四句提到one of MIT’S robots is...and has two eyes...and eyebrows. 因此答案B Question7-13 Summary from Reading Passagesummary参考解题思路: 先跳开空格把该段通读一遍, 了解大意, 发现总体是按照文章段落顺序概括的. (如有所遗忘, 再看原文各段段首句, 大概知道各句在文章的相应段落)解析: 第1句和第2句对应文章A段, 根据after a period of 7___in the making定位该段第3句, 答案为17 years. 然后根据文章倒数第四句its action are...controlled by scientists through...in its backpack.可以判断8答案为backpack. 该题第3, 4句对应文章B段, MIT is inventing robots...with the ability to 8___humans定位该段第2句behave like humans and interact with humans.可以判断9答案为interact with. 根据Kismet ...has various...by human interlocutors 定位原文倒数第2句human interlocutors are able to read some of the robots’ facial expressions得出10答案为facial expressions. 第5,6句对应原文C段, robot from MIT，proportion定位该段第1, 2句得出11答案为Cog/cognition. 最后根据该段最后一句getting a robot to develop intelligence via sensors判断12答案为sensors, 13 答案为intelligence.参考翻译：是人还是机器A在2003年7月，曼彻斯特的剑桥博物馆陈列了Honda称之为“世界最先进的人性机器人”：ASIMO (即“创新移动的进步之举)。

2013年8月3日雅思听力考试真题解析本次听力考试，两新两旧（S3=Vl08l36S3;S4=V100529S4),考试难度适中。

考生应该重点把握的是sectionl和section4的填空题，因为这两部分的内容，一方面形式单一不多变，另一万面，只要考生平时熟记听力场景词汇和高频词汇，那么空格里面的单词都是可以填写出来的。

在本次考试的Section1中，一度在6月、7月高频的住宿和找工作咨询场景没有出现，而是出现了并不太火热的music话题.其中Tuesday, children、evening, piano, singer, station都是剑桥真题的高频词汇，所以，如果考生平时将真题上面的词汇都积累背诵下来的话，那么这个sectionl就会变得非常简单.而本部分中，唯一较难的单词，也许就是donation(捐赠)这个词。

另外，如果考生曾经练习过剑桥真题8Testl-Sectionl和Test3-Section2的话，那么对这个题目更加的熟悉.在C8-T1-S1中，出现了pianist和singer，同学们要注意这两个单词的读音.参考真题:C8-T3-S2 national arts center.C8-T1-S1 summer music festival.C6-T3-S3 music preference.在本次考试Section2和Section3中，再次出现了今年逐渐火热的配对题，同学们平时在备考的过程中，一定要认真准备配对题.配对题型总体上分为三类:选项一一类别，题目一一类别;选项一一细节，题目一一类别，选项一一类别，题目一一细节;这三类题目在剑桥真题上面都有涉及，大家可以去参考:C4-T1，C4-T4-S3, C5-T4-S3，C6-T1-S2, C7-T3-S3,C8-T2-S4, C8-T3-S3, C8-T4-S4, C9-T3-S2, C9-T4-S2.对剑桥9上面的配对题要尤为重视。

雅思阅读机经真题解析：滑石粉一切患有雅思阅读刷题强迫症的烤鸭，请看这里。

下面给大家带来了雅思阅读机经真题解析-滑石粉，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

雅思阅读机经真题解析-滑石粉Talc PowderA Peter Brigg discovers how talc from Luzenacs Trimouns in France find its way into food and agricultural products - from chewing gum to olive oil. High in the French Pyrenees, some1,700m above sea level, lies Trimouns, a huge deposit of hydrated magnesium silicate - talc to you and me. Talc from Trimouns, and from ten other Luzenac mines across the globe, is used in the manufacture of a vast array of everyday products extending from paper, paint and plaster to cosmetics, plastics and car tyres. And of course there is always talcs best known end use: talcum powder for babies1 bottoms. But the true versatility of this remarkable mineral is nowhere better displayed than in its sometimes surprising use in certain niche markets in the food and agriculture industries.B Take, for example, the chewing gum business. Every year, Talc de Luzenac France - which owns and operates the Trimouns mine and is a member of the international Luzenac Group (art of Rio Tinto minerals) supplies about 6,000 tones of talc to chewing gum manufacturers in Europe. "Weve been selling to this sector of the market since the 1960s," says Laurent Fournier, sales manager in Luzenacs Specialties business unit in Toulouse. "Admittedly, in terms of our total annual sales of talc, the amount we supply to chewing gum manufacturers is relatively small, but we see it as a valuable niche market: one where customers place a premium on securing supplies from a reliable, high quality source. Because of this, long term allegiance to a proven suppler is very much a feature of this sector of die talc market." Switching sources - in the way that you might choose to buy, say, paperclips from Supplier A rather than from Supplier B - is not an easy option for chewing gum manufacturers." Fournier says. "The cost of reformulating is high, so when customers are using a talc grade that works, even if its expensive, they are understandably reluctant to switch."C But how is talc actually used in the manufacture of chewing gum? Patrick Delord, an engineer with a degree in agronomics, who has been with Luzenac for 22 years and is now senior market development manager, Agriculture and Food, in Europe, explainsthat chewing gums has four main components. "The most important of them is the gum base," he says. "Its the gum base that puts the chew into chewing gum. It binds all the ingredients together, creating a soft, smooth texture. To this the manufacturer then adds sweeteners, softeners and flavourings. Our talc is used as a filler in the gum base. The amount vanes between, say, ten and 35 per cent, depending on the type of gum. Fruit flavoured chewing gum, for example, is slightly acidic and would react with the calcium carbonate that the manufacturer might otherwise use as a filler. Talc, on the other hand, makes an ideal filler because itsnon-reactive chemically. In the factory, talc is also used to dust the gum base pellets and to stop the chewing gum sticking during the lamination and packing process," Delord adds.D The chewing gum business is, however, just one example of talcs use in the food sector. For the past 20 years or so, olive oil processors in Spain have been taking advantage of talcs unique characteristics to help them boost the amount of oil they extract from crushed olives According to Patrick Delord, talc is especially useful for treating what he calls "difficult" olives. After the olives are harvested - preferably early in the morning because their taste is better if they are gathered in the cool of the day they are taken to the processing plant. There they arc crushed and then stirred for30-45 minutes. In the old days, the resulting paste was passed through an olive press but nowadays its more common to add water and (K-6IH) the mixture to separate the water and oil from the solid matter The oil and water are then allowed to settle so that the olive oil layer can be )and bottled. “Difficult” olives are those that are more reluctant than the norm to yield up their full oil content. This may be attributable to the particular species of olive, or to its water content and the time of year the olives arc collected - at the beginning and the end of the season their water content is often either too high or too low. These olives are easy to recognize because they produce a lot of extra foam during the stirring process, a consequence of an excess of a fine solid that acts as a natural emulsifier. The oil in this emulsion is lost when the water is disposed of. Not only that, if the waste water is disposed of directly into local fields - often the case in many smaller processing operations - the emulsified oil may take some time to biodegrade and so be harmful to the environment.E "If you add between a half and two percent of talc by weight during the stirring process, it absorbs the natural emulsifier in the olives and so boosts the amount of oil you can extract," says Delord. "In addition, talcs flat, platey structure helps increase the size of the oil droplets liberated during stirring, which again improves the yield.However, because talc is chemically inert, it doesnt affect the color, taste, appearance or composition of the resulting olive oil."F If the use of talc in olive oil processing and in chewing gum is long established, new applications in the food and agriculture industries arc also constantly being sought by Luzenac. One such promising new market is fruit crop protection, being pioneered in the US. Just like people, fruit can get sunburned. In fact, in very sunny regions up to 45 per cent of a typical crop can be affected by heat stress and sunburn However, in the case of fruit, its not so much the ultra violet rays which harm the crop as the high surface temperature that the suns rays create.G To combat this, farmers normally use either chemicals or spray a continuous fine canopy of mist above the fruit frees or bushes. The trouble is, this uses a lot of water - normally a precious commodity in hot, sunny areas - and it is therefore expensive. Whats more, the ground can quickly become waterlogged. "So our idea was to coat the fruit with talc to protect it from the sun," says Greg Hunter, a marketing specialist who has been with Luzenac for ten years. "But to do this, several technical challenges had first to be overcome. Talc is very hydrophobic: it doesnt like water. So in order to have a viable product we needed a wettable powder -something that would go readily into suspension so that it could be sprayed onto the fruit. It also had to break the surface tension of the cutin (the natural waxy, waterproof layer on the fruit) and of course it had to wash off easily when the fruit was harvested.No-ones going to want an apple thats covered in talc."H Initial trials in the state of Washington in 2003 showed that when the product was sprayed onto Granny Smith apples, it reduced their surface temperature and lowered the incidence of sunburn by up to 60 per cent. Today the new product, known as Invelop Maximum SPF, is in its second commercial year on the US market. Apple growers are the primary target although Hunter believes grape growers represent another sector with long term potential. He is also hopeful of extending sales to overseas markets such as Australia, South America and southern Europe.Question 27-32Use the information in the passage to match each use of tale power with correct application from A. B or C. Write the appropriate letters A-C in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet.NB you may use any letter more than once.A. Fruit protectionB. Chewing gum businessC. Olive oil extraction27 Talc is used to increase the size of drops.28 Talc is applied to reduce foaming.29 Talc is employed as a filler of base.30 Talc is modified and prevented sunburn.31 Talc is added to stop stickiness.32 Talc is used to increase production.Questions 33-38Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more than two words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 33-38 on your answer sheet.Spanish olive oil industry has been using talc in oil extraction process for about____33____years. It is useful in dealing with difficult olives which often produce high amountof____34____because of the high content of solid materials. When smaller factories release____35____, it could be____36____to theenvironment because it is hard to____37____and usually lakes lime as it contains emulsified oil. However, talc power added in the process is able to absorb the emulsifier oil. It improves the oil extraction production, because with aid of talc powder, size ofoil____38____increased.Question 39-40Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 39-40 on your answer sheet.39 In which process is talc used to dear the stickiness of chewing gum?40 Which group of farmers does Invelop intend to target in a long view?*题目：滑石粉篇章结构体裁论说文题目滑石粉结构（一句话概括每段大意）A段：滑石粉的主要用途B段：滑石粉在口香糖市场中的用途C段：滑石粉在口香糖制作中的原理D段：滑石粉在其他食品中的应用E段：滑石粉在食品中的应用原理F段：滑石粉在水果保护中的应用G段：滑石粉对水果的保护作用原理H段：水果保护作用的市场拓展试题分析Question 27-32题目类型：搭配题解题思路：可以先去定位A,B,C三个选项中内容所对应的文段，然后从27-32中的题干去搜寻相符合的，而不是一个一个题目去找，这样会比较节省时间题号定位词文中对应点题目解析27Increase，size，E段第三句话根据*大意将C选项个橄榄油提取的内容定位到E段，第三句话，提到滑石粉的结构有助于增加挥发油滴的体积，故可以判断27题与C相连28FoamD段倒数第四句话根据关键词定位到D段，原文中提到搅拌过程中会产生很多泡沫，后面提出因此要加上滑石粉来减少泡沫。

Bernice 雅思阅读8月机经总结及解析8月2日考试分析：8月的第一场考试似乎并不怎么友善，三篇文章都是新题，题材方面涉及文史，自然和社会科学，不了解相关背景的同学可能会感觉相当吃力。

在题型方面，段落信息配对依然不出意料地出现在了试卷上，也再一次提醒大家在课堂上说过的“三座大山”需要重点练习。

本次考试判断和选择成了题型中的主力，尤其是选择，两篇文章都出现了选择题，而且还有文章主旨单选题来凑热闹。

要想拿下雅思阅读并取得好成绩，搞定选择题成了现在的趋势，希望烤鸭们平时多多练习。

文章分析：8月9日本次雅思阅读考试再现3新格局，三篇文章均为新题，文章题材涉及文史，社会科学，难度较大。

在题型方面，主旨配对和人名理论配对依旧是重点也是难点。

相比而言，本次考试判断和填空成了题型中的主力，尤其是填空，三篇文章都出现了填空题，而且第三篇文章还出现了有词库的摘要填空。

希望烤鸭们平时一定要多多练习高频题型，熟练把握并且控制做题节奏。

在话题方面，2014年以来，人文话题较往年居多，本年已考过绘画与个性的关系，博物馆，音乐，海岸雕塑和艺术的定义等，本次考试又考到了艺术话题。

建议烤鸭们平时增加对此类话题的文章的补充阅读；另外本年不止一定考到了新西兰的相关内容，本年已考过了除澳大利亚的古生物灭绝，更有新西兰的纺织业，木材产业，全球变暖，本次考试又涉及到了新西兰的路。

建议烤鸭们多关注新西兰以及澳洲的一些科普内容。

8月16日本场雅思阅读考试难度不大。

1.从话题来看，本场考试的话题有，动物和全球化，心理，都为旧话题，可以参考剑桥真题的相关文章。

2.从考试题型来看，涉及到摘要填空，是非无判断，段落细节信息匹配，单选和流程图填空。

其中判断题和摘要填空所占比重较大。

建议烤鸭们在备考时一定要注意对高频题型的熟练度，速度的把控和正确率的提升，流程图填空是雅思阅读的送分题，提醒考生合理分配时间，先易后难，抓住基本分数。

8月21日考试分析: 本次考试难度不大。

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雅思阅读8分的机经
个人痛恨背单词，六级单词也草草看了，都是靠阅读听力拉分的，雅思的词汇也基本上没有背过，背单词最有用的地方是在写作文上，我个人只能通过提高眼熟度来掌握单词，我认为通过阅读提高是最好的方法，还练语感。

但是很多单词要写我是写不对的。

在去年上半年准备 CET 6的时候，花了两个月左右看了新概念34，认为自己语感不太好的朋友们一定要在前期看看那两本书!!非常有好处，感觉到英语的简练和美感!!!还有阅读的节奏!结果就是再去看 CET 6的阅读时觉得就是垃圾!
雅思中的阅读很多非常地道非常流畅，所以有语感是相当重要，象ECONOMICS 这样的杂志写的文章也是相当生动简练的，主要是逻辑很清楚，这点在 HOW 那本书里面很明显，虽然文章长，但是很多是用中难的词表达非常漂亮的意思，这在写作中也非常有用：)所以读 HOW 里面的阅读其实只要仔细，分清上下文之间的逻辑联系，注意指代，注意关键字，注意对应关系，做对很多没问题，在还有一个月的时候做了 HOW 前面分项的阅读练习，那时候其他觉得差得不行，但是最后那篇阅读破天荒做了个全对它说我在阅读已经 WELL PREPARE ，虽然没到那一步，但是从此信心暴涨：)
做阅读大部分的单词要眼熟，尤其是动词，单词可以不好，语法不可以不好，长句中主句是什么，定语从句修饰哪个词，雅思常常考关键字上下文的内容。

2013年4月18日雅思阅读考试回忆刘美超老师简介：环球雅思教研主管。

中国石油大学英语专业科班出身，持有专业英语八级证书、教师资格证书。

“三维一体”听力教学，集场景教学、做题技巧与应试策略于一体；授课亲切自然，实力与技巧完美结合。

深谙雅思各级学员状况，量体裁衣，为学生提供无间隙性服务！使用说明：本文系环球雅思教研主管刘美超老师征集，环球雅思学校赵晨老师撰写的原创文章。

赵晨老师主讲雅思阅读，写作，英语翻译硕士，专业八级，专业笔译口译。

完整版回忆可直接去环球雅思论坛进行下载。

阅读： 2篇旧题第一篇：斯里兰卡水箱Q1-6: Summary 填空题 ( NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS)1. What is the major way for local people make b arely a support of living in Muthukandiya village?Crop production B段第三行2. Where can adult workers make extra money from in daytime?Sugar-cane plantations3. What have been dug to supply water for daily household life?Three wells4. In which year did the plan of a new project to lessen the effect ofdrought begin?19985. Where do the gutters and pipes collect rainwater from?roofs of houses6. What help family obtain more water for domestic needs than those relying on only wells and ponds?Storage tanksQ7-14: YES/NO/NOT GIVEN7. NGMost of the government’s actions and other programs have somewhat f ailed.8. YESMasons w ere trained for the constructing parts of the rainwater harvesting system.9. NOThe cost of rainwater harvesting systems was shared by local villagersand the local government.10. YESTanks increase both the amount and quality of the water for domestic use.11. NOTo send her daughter to school, a widow had to work for a job in rainwater harvesting scheme.12. NOT GIVENHouseholds benefited began to pay part of the maintenance or repairs.13. NOT GIVENTraining two masons at the same time is much more preferable to training single one.14. NOOther organizations had built tanks larger in size than the tanks builtin Muthukandya.第二篇：化学发展史1-6: Information Containing:1. The development of various scientific methods D2. A reference of personal connection between different sciences B3. Explain the limitation of chemical equipment at that time D4. Applicable devices invented within chemistry E5. History of great leaping development of chemist F6. The unstable political situation of different countries A7-13: Summary:Chemistry rely on __________, just as ____rely on eyes, and _______need devices such as _________ in early chemistry, chemists used differentnumber of ________ to control temperature of the fires. Although _____was known in classic Greece and it seems to have been invented and made inVenice or northern Italy about 1289. _____________ was put in the thermometer which made chemistry further development.7. Tools8. Astronomy9. Burning glass10. Physics11. Candles12. Pendulum13. Alcohol/mercury thermometer环球雅思学校刘美超微博名：YS美超环球雅思学校教研中心微博名：环球雅思教研中心。

2013年雅思写作机经1-5 科技类同不同意题型Some people think that people who prefer to read for pleasure will have better imagination and language skills than people who like watching TV.To what extent do you agree or disagree?1-10 抽象类同不同意题型The most important thing of people's life is his or her work. Without satisfying career, the life is meaningless.To what extent do you agree or disagree?1-12 教育类利弊分析题型In some countries, the parents expect children to spend long time in studying both in and after school and have less free time.Do you think it has positive or negative effects on children and the society?1-19 教育类同不同意题型Caring for children is probably the most important thing of the society. It is suggested that all mothers and fathers should be required to take the childcare courses.To what extent do you agree or disagree with the statement?2-2 科技类+教育类双边讨论题型Some people think watching TV is bad for children, while others think that watching TV has more beneficial effects on children.Discuss both sides and give your own opinion2-14 工作类双边讨论题型Some people believe that young people should be free to choose his or her job, while others think that they should be realistic and think about their future.Discuss both views and give your own opinion2-16 犯罪类双边讨论题型Some people think lawbreakers should be sent to prison, while other people think there are some alternatives (for example, doing work which is beneficial for local community). Discuss both views and give your own opinion2-23 教育类原因+对策题型It has been observed that in many countries not enough students are choosing to study science subjects at university.What do you think are the causes of the problem and what are the effects on society？3-2 教育类利弊分析题型Universities and colleges are now offering qualifications through distance learning from the Internet rather than teachers in the classroom.Do you think the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?3-9 教育类双边讨论题型Some people believe that studying in a college or university is the best way for students to prepare for their future career. Others think they should leave school as soon as possible to develop their career through work experience.Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.3-14 发展类同不同意题型When designing a building, the most important thing to take into account is the intended use of the building rather than its outward appearance.To what extent do you agree or disagree?3-23 科技类同不同意题型Technological progress in the past century has its negative effect, despite its remarkablecontribution.To what extent do you agree or disagree?4-13 发展类原因+对策题型Most citizens tend to live an individual life and they prefer a small family unit.What are the reasons of this case?What are the effects on both individual and society as a whole?4-28 教育类双边讨论题型Some people think that older school children should learn wide range subjects and develop knowledge; other people think that they should only learn a small number of subjects in details. Discuss both sides and give your own opinion.5-11 发展类原因+对策题型Today, the quality of life in large cities is decreasing.What are the causes and solutions?5-16 媒体类同不同意题型Advertising which can be seen everywhere in daily life influences what people think is important and has negative effects.To what extent do you agree or disagree?5-18 教育类双边讨论题型Some people think all children learn history in school is important. Some others think learning subjects more relevant to life is important.Discuss both views and give your opinion.5-25 政府类同不同意题型Some people think government should not spend money on supporting artists and money should be spent on more important things.To what extent do you agree or disagree?6-6 政府类双边讨论题型Some people think government should be responsible for providing financial support to old people after they retire; others believe individuals should save money for themselves.Discuss both views and give your own opinion6-8 政府类双边讨论题型Nowadays some countries encourage people to buy more and more products, which is good for economy. While others believe it is bad for the society.Discuss both views and give your own opinion6-15 教育类双边讨论题型Some people think family has great influence on children's development. Others, however, believe that other things, such as media, have greater effects.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.6-22 教育类双边讨论题型Some people think secondary school should have a class of international news. Others believe it is not necessary.Discuss both views and give your own opinion7-6 政府类利弊分析题型Space travel has been possible for some time and some people think the space tourism could be developed in the future.To what extent do you think it's a positive or negative development？7-13 抽象类同不同意题型The tendency for human beings to copy one another is shown in the popularity of fashion in clothes and other consumer goods.Do you agree or disagree？7-27 发展类同不同意题型The reconstruction of old buildings in major cities takes numerous government expenditures; it should be used in building new housing and road.Do you agree or disagree?8-3 发展类利弊分析题型In many countries today, people in cities either live alone or in small family units rather than in large extended family groups.Is this a positive or negative development?8-17 政府类利弊分析题型In many countries, students pay for their own college and tuition fees, while sometimes government pays.Do the advantages for the government paying outweigh disadvantages？8-24 抽象类双边讨论题型Some people think that in modern society individuals are becoming more dependent on each other. But others say that individuals are becoming more independent on each other. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion8-29 科技类双边讨论题型Scientists believe computers will become more intelligent than human beings. Some people think the development have a positive impact; others think it is negative.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion。

Sleep medication linked to bizarre behaviourNew evidence has linked a commonly prescribed sleep medication with bizarre behaviours， including a case in which a woman painted her front door in her sleep.UK and Australian health agencies have released information about 240 cases of odd occurrences， including sleepwalking， amnesia and hallucinations among people taking the drug zolpidem.While doctors say that zolpidem can offer much-needed relief for people with sleep disorders， they caution that these newly reported cases should prompt a closer look at its possible side effects.Zolpidem， sold under the brand names Ambien， Stilnoct and Stilnox， is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea. Various forms of the drug， made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis， were prescribed 674，500 times in 2005 in the UK.A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strangesleepwalking by people taking the medication.Midnight snackIn one of these sleepwalking cases a patient woke with a paintbrush in her hand after painting the front door to her house. Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved，” according to the report.The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency， meanwhile，has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005.The newly reported cases in the UK and Australia add to a growing list of bizarre sleepwalking episodes linked to the drug in other countries， including reports of people sleep-driving while on the medication. In one case， a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.Hypnotic effectsThere is no biological pathway that has been proven to connect zolpidem with these behaviours. The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid. While parts of the brain become less active during deep sleep， the body can still move， making sleepwalking a possibility.The product information for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects， including hallucinations， sleepwalking and nightmares， are more likely in the elderly， and treatment should be stopped if they occur.Patient advocacy groups say they would like government health agencies and drug companies to take a closer look at the possible risks associated with sleep medicines. They stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.“When people do something in which they’re not in full control it’s always a danger，” says Vera Sharav of the New York-based Alliance for Human Research Protection， a US network that advocates responsible and ethical medical research practices.Tried and tested“The more reports that come out about the potential side effects of the drug，the more research needs to be done to understand if these are real side effects，” says sleep researcher Kenneth Wright at the University of Colorado in Boulder，US.Millions of people have taken the drug without experiencing any strange sideeffects， points out Richard Millman at Brown Medical School， director of the Sleep Disorders Center of Lifespan Hospitals in Providence， Rhode Island， US. He says that unlike older types of sleep medications， zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linke d to zolpidem can be easily explained： some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. Doctors stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.The Ambien label currently lists strange behaviour as a “special concern” for people taking the drug. “It’s a possible rare adverse event，” says Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann， adding that the strange sleepwalking behaviours “may not necessarily be caused by the drug” but instead result from an underlying disorder. She says that “the s afety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”. The drug received approval in the US in 1993.Questions 1-6 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage？In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet writeTRUE if the statement is true according to the passageFALSE if the statement is false according to the passageNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage1. Ambien， Stilnoct and Stilnox are brand names of one same drug treating insomnia.2. The wo man’s obesity problem wasn’t resolved until she stopped taking zolpidem.3. Zolpidem received approval in the UK in 2001.4. The bizarre behaviour of a passenger after taking zolpidem resulted in the diversion of a flight bound for the other side of the Atlantic.5. Zolpidem is the only sleep medication that doesn’t cause addiction.6. The sleep-driving occurrence resulted from the wrong use of zolpidem by an office worker.Question 7-9 Choose the appropriate letters A-D and Write them in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet.7. How many cases of bizarre behaviours are described in an official report from Australia？A. 68B. 104C. 182D. 2408. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the product information about zolpidem？A. Treatment should be stopped if side effects occur.B. Medication should be taken just before going to bed.C. Adverse effects are more likely in the elderly.D. Side effects include nightmares， hallucinations and sleepwalking.9. Who claimed that the safety description of zolpidem was well established？A. Kenneth WrightB. Melissa FeltmannC. Richard MillmanD. Vera SharavQuestions 10-13 Answer the following questions with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS each in boxes 10-13.10. How many times was French-made zolpidem prescribed in 2005 in Britain？11. What kind of hypnotic is zolpidem as a drug which promotes deep sleep in patients？12. What can sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours cause according to patient advocacy groups？13. What US administration says that it has been investigating the cases relating zolpidem to unusual side effects？Answer keys and explanations：1. TrueSee para.3 from the beginning： Zolpidem， sold under the brand names Ambien，Stilnoct and Stilnox， is widely prescribed to treat insomnia and other disorders such as sleep apnea.2. FalseSee para.1 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”： Another case involved a woman who gained 23 kilograms over seven months while taking zolpidem. “It was only when she was discovered in front of an open refrigerator while asleep that the problem was resolved”…3. Not GivenSee para.2 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”：The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency， meanwhile， has recorded 68 cases of adverse reactions to zolpidem from 2001 to 2005. (The time the drug was approved in the UK was not mentioned.)4. TrueSee para.3 under the subtitle “Midnight snack”： In one case， a transatlantic flight had to be diverted after a passenger caused havoc after taking zolpidem.5. FalseSee para.2 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： He says that unlike older types of sleep medications， zolpidem does not carry as great a risk of addiction.6. Not GivenSee para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： And Wright notes that some of the reports of “sleep-driving” linked to zolpidem can be easily explained：some patients have wrongly taken the drug right before leaving work in hopes that the medicine will kick in by the time they reach home. (No patients as office workers are mentioned in the passage.)7. CSee para.4 from the beginning： A newly published report from Australia’s Federal Health Department describes 104 cases of hallucinations and 62 cases of amnesia experienced by people taking zolpidem since marketing of the drug began there in 2000. The health department report also mentioned 16 cases of strange sleepwalking by people taking the medication.8. BSee the sentence in para.2 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects” (The productinformation for prescribers advises that psychiatric adverse effects， including hallucinations， sleepwalking and nightmares， are more likely in the elderly，and treatment should be stopped if they occur.) and the sentence in para.3 under the subtitle “Tried and tested” (Doctors “not the product information” stress that the medication should be taken just before going to bed.)9. BSee para.5 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： Sanofi-Aventis spokesperson Melissa Feltmann … says that “the safety profile [of zolpidem] is well established”.10. 674，500 (times)See para.3 from the beginning： Various forms of the drug， made by French pharmaceutical giant Sanofi-Aventis， were prescribed 674，500 times in 2005 in the UK.11. (a) benzodiazepine-like (hypnotic)See para.1 under the subtitle “Hypnotic effects”： The drug is a benzodiazepine-like hypnotic (类苯二氮催眠药)that promotes deep sleep by interacting with brain receptors for a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid.12. risky consequencesSee para.3 under the subtit le “Hypnotic effects”：Patient advocacy groups … stress that strange sleepwalking and sleep-driving behaviours can have risky consequences.13. Food & Drug (Administration)See para.4 under the subtitle “Tried and tested”： The US Food & Drug Administration says it is continuing to "actively investigate" and collect information about cases linking zolpidem to unusual side effects.以上就是新东方网雅思频道为大家整理的2013年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析，非常实用。

剑桥雅思8阅读Test3Passage3原文翻译剑桥雅思8阅读Test3Passage3原文翻译-生物钟是如何起作用的解析，请点击：剑桥雅思8阅读原文+答案解析T est3Passage3我们的寿命是有限的。

大家都认为这是生物学上显而易见。

“没有什么能万寿无疆!”然而,这样我们想到了人工制造的工业物体,这些在使用过程中受到自然磨损的产品。

自然磨损会造成这些产品时不时停止工作以至无法使用(生物学意义上的“死亡”)。

但是,工业物体的自然磨损和功能损失与生命生物的死亡是否真的相似或者可比呢?我们所谓“死掉”的产品是“静态的”、关闭的系统。

常常是构成它们的基础物质在事物自然进程中磨损并变的“更老”。

这种情形下,老化是根据物质化学和热力学规律产生的。

虽然同样的规律适用于生命生物,这一规律的结果却并非同样地无法更改。

至少,只有当生物系统有能力自我更新时,生命生物才不会随着时间的流逝而变老 ;生物是一个开放、动态的系统,通过这一系统新物质不断地涌出。

因此,旧物质的毁灭和新物质的形成处于永远的动态均衡。

构成生物的物质连续不断地变化。

因此,我们的身体连续不断地新旧更替,就如同泉水,或多或少地保持着自身的形状和运动,但是其中的水分子却常常是不同的。

因此,老化和死亡不能被视为不可避免的,特别是当生物具有许多用于修复的结构时。

本质上,生物系统不必变老和死亡。

虽然如此,有限的寿命、衰老、然后死亡是生命基本的特点。

其原因简单易懂 :本质上,现存的生物要么适应,要么经常地被新类型替代。

由于基因物质中的变化(基因突变),这些新类型具有新的特点,并且在他们个体生命过程中,他们被测验为最佳的或是更为合适环境条件。

永垂不朽则会打乱这一系统,系统需要为新的和更好的生命留有空间。

这是进化的基本难题。

每个生物有一个具有高度特征化的寿命。

不同物种间寿命具有惊人的差异,但是同一物种内这一界限是相对不变的。

例如,数千年来人类生命的平均长度几乎没有变化。