云南师范大学807学校管理学2017到2011七套考研真题

昆明理工大学2017年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷)考试科目代码：807 考试科目名称：安全系统工程考生答题须知1．所有题目（包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目）答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上，做在本试题册上无效。

请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。

2．评卷时不评阅本试题册，答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的，后果由考生自己负责。

3．答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答（画图可用铅笔），用其它笔答题不给分。

4．答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。

一、简答题（共7题，总计60分）1、解释下列基本概念（共5个小题，每题4分，共计20分）（1）最小割集；（2）系统工程；（3）维修度；（4）故障模式；（5）危险性预先分析。

2、在危险性控制中，控制能量释放的途径有哪些？（6分）3、事故处理的“四不放过”原则是什么？（4分）4、在FMEA中，采用简单划分法确定故障等级可划分为哪几类？（4分）5、在解决安全问题上，系统安全分析方法与传统安全分析方法有何区别？（8分）6、风险型决策需要具备哪些条件？（5分）7、安全评价是安全系统工程的重要任务，你是如何理解安全评价的？简述安全评价的一般程序。

（13分）二、计算题（共3题，总计40分）1、某汽车制动系统的可靠性框图如图1所示，各单元的可靠度分别为：R(A1)=R(A2)= R(A3)=0.99，R(B1)= R(B2)= 0.98，R(C1)= R(C2)= 0.97，R(D1)= R(D2)=0.96。

请计算该汽车制动系统的可靠度。

（每步计算结果均留到小数点后3位）。

（16分）图1 汽车制动系统可靠性框图2、某斜井为防止跑车，在上平台安装挡车器A（可靠度R A=0.8），在上变坡点安装了捕车器B（R B=0.7），在下口安装了捕车器C（R C=0.6）。

（12分）（1）请画出斜井上口一旦发生跑车的事件树图；（2）根据所画事件树，计算防跑车系统的可靠度和故障概率。

2017年云南师范大学333教育综合试题一、名词解释（每小题6分，共30分）1.晓庄师范2.学习动机3.课程内容4.教育制度5.不悱不发二、简答题（每小题12分，共60分）1.简述品德发展的一般规律。

2.简述陈鹤琴活教育主要观点。

3.简述荀子性恶论观点。

4.简述教育性教学。

5.简述下位学习。

三、论述题（每题20分，共60分）1.结合实例，如何理解“教学有法，而无定法”。

2.马卡连柯的集体主义教育思想的主要观点和现实意义。

3.结合实例，试述组织策略观点。

2016年云南师范大学333教育综合试题一、名词解释（每小题5分，共30分）1. 学校德育2. 学校管理3. 马礼逊学校4. 经世致用5. 欧洲新教育运动6. 《爱弥儿》二、简答题（每小题10分，共60分）1. 简要述评夸美纽斯的教学过程思想。

2. 简要分析教育的政治功能。

3. 简析教育目的的层次结构及其相互关系。

4. 简述中国古代选士和取士制度沿革。

5. 简要分析新文化运动影响下国家主义教育思潮的主要内涵。

6. 举例说明什么是定势？三、论述题（每题20分，共60分）1. 结合案例，论述如何在美育教育实践中有效运用活动性原则。

2. 论述杜威实用主义教育思想的主要观点。

3. 结合实际分析学习策略中的精细加工策略。

2015年云南师范大学333教育综合试题第一部分教育学原理（60分）一、名词解释（每小题5分，共10分）1. 螺旋式课程2. 学校教育制度二、简答题（每小题15分，共30分）1.简要述评杜威的教学过程思想。

2.简述个体能动性在人的发展中的作用。

三、论述题（每小题20分，共20分）结合案例，论述在课堂教学中如何合理地运用发展性原则。

第二部分中外教育史（共60分）一、名词解释（每小题5分，共10分）1. 癸卯学制2. “全人生指导”二、简答题（每小题15分，共30分）1.简述梁漱溟乡村建设与乡村教育理论。

2.简述蔡元培“五育”并举的教育方针。

三、论述题（每小题20分，共20分）论述卢梭的教育思想及其影响。

2017全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考综合能力试题一、问题求解（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共45分）下列每题给出5个选项中，只有一个是符合要求的，请在答题卡上将所选择的字母涂黑。

1、甲从1、2、3中抽取一个数，记为a ；乙从1、2、3、4中抽取一个数，记为b ，规定当a b >或者1a b +<时甲获胜，则甲取胜的概率为（ ）（A ）16 （B ）14 （C ）13（D ）512 （E ）12【答案】E【解析】穷举法：满足a b >的有（2,1）（3,1）（3,2）；满足1a b +<的有（1,3）（1,4）（2,4）；共六组，因此概率为61342=⨯ 2、已知ABC ∆和'''A B C ∆满足''''::2:3AB A B AC AC ==,',A A π∠+∠=则ABC∆和'''A B C ∆的面积比为（ ）（A （B （C ）2:3（D ）2:5（E ）4:9 【答案】E【解析】特值法：假设2,''''3,'2AB AC A B A C A A π====∠=∠=，则11:'22:334:922S S =⨯⨯⨯⨯=3、将6人分成3组，每组2人，则不同的分组方式共有（ ）（A ）12 （B ）15 （C ）30 （D ）45 （E ）90 【答案】B【解析】分组分配：均匀分组，注意消序2226423315C C C A ⨯⨯= 4记123,,σσσ分别为甲、乙、丙投中数的方差，则（）（A ）123σσσ>> （B ）132σσσ>> （C ）213σσσ>> （D ）231σσσ>> （E ）321σσσ>> 【答案】B【解析】计算方差、比较大小()()()()()()()()()222122222223255585=563542454=42387479714=733x x x σσσ-+-+-==-+-+-==-+-+-==甲乙丙，，，因此，132σσσ>>5、将长、宽、高分别为12、9、6的长方体切割成正方体，且切割后无剩余，则能切割成相同正方体的最少个数为（ ） （A ）3 （B ）6 （C ）24 （D ）96 （E ）648 【答案】C【详解】正方体的棱长应是长方体棱长的公约数，想要正方体最少，则找最大公约数即3，因此得到的正方体个数为129624333⨯⨯= 6、某品牌电冰箱连续两次降价10%后的售价是降价前的（ ） （A ）80% （B ）81% （C ）82% （D ）83% （E ）85% 【答案】B【详解】假设降价前是1，则降价后为()()1110%110%81%⨯--=7、甲、乙、丙三种货车载重量成等差数列，2辆甲种车和1辆乙种车的载重量为95吨，1辆甲种车和3辆丙种车载重量为150吨，则甲、乙、丙分别各一辆车一次最多运送货物为（） （A ）125. （B ）120. （C ）115. （D ）110. （E ）105. 【答案】E【解析】设甲乙丙分别载重量为,,a b c ，由题得2295337245353150b a c a b a c b b b a c =+⎧⎪+=⇒++==⇒=⎨⎪+=⎩，因此 所求3105a b c b ++==8、张老师到一所中学进行招生咨询，上午接到了45名同学的咨询，其中的9位同学下午又咨询了张老师，占张老师下午咨询学生的10%，一天中向张老师咨询的学生人数为（） （A ）81. （B ）90. （C ）115. （D ）126. （E ）135. 【答案】D【解析】上午咨询的老师为45名，下午咨询的老师共90名，其中9名学生上午和下午都咨询了，因此学生总数为45+90-9=1269、某种机器人可搜索到的区域是半径为1米的圆，若该机器人沿直线行走10米，则其搜索出的区域的面积（单位：平方米）为（）（A ）102π+. （B ）10π+. （C ）202π+. （D ）20π+ . （E ）10π.【答案】D【解析】如图，机器人走过的区域为：因此面积是长方形加一个圆：2210120ππ⨯+⨯=+ 10、不等式12x x -+≤的解集为（ ）（A ）(,1]-∞. （B ）3(,]2-∞.（C ）3[1,]2. （D ）[1,)+∞. （E ）3[,)2+∞.【答案】B 【解析】121221232x x x x x x x x -+≤⇒-≤-⇒-≤-≤-⇒≤11、在1到100之间，能被9整除的整数的平均值是（ ） （A ）27 （B ）36 （C ）45 （D ）54 （E ）63 【答案】D 【详解】考查整除，19100111k k ≤≤→≤≤，9的倍数有9,18,27，…，99，这些数值的平均数为()9991154211+⨯=⨯12、某试卷由15道选择题组成，每道题有4个选项，其中只有一项是符合试题要求的，甲有6道题是能确定正确选项，有5道能排除2个错误选项，有4道能排除1个错误选项，若从每题排除后剩余的选项中选一个作为答案，则甲得满分的概率为（ ）（A ）451123⋅ （B ）541123⋅ （C ）541123+ （D ）541324⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭ （E ）541324⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭【答案】B 【详解】5道题可排除2个错误选项，因此答对每题的概率为12，5道题目全部做对的概率为512；4道题目可排除1个错误选项，因此答对每题的概率为13，4道题目全部做对的概率为 413，因此概率为512⋅41313.某公司用1万元购买了价格分别为1750和950的甲、乙两种办公设备，则购买的甲、乙办公设备的件数分别为（ ） （A ）3,5（B ）5,3（C ）4,4（D ）2,6（E ）6,2 【答案】A 【详解】考查不定方程，设甲种办公设备为x ，乙种办公设备为y ，列方程为1750950100003519200x y x y +=→+=，系数中有5直接看个位，35x 的个位必为0或者5，由于19y 的个位不为0，因此19y 的个位为5，那么35x 的个位必为5，因此y=5，x=3 14.如图，在扇形AOB 中，,14AOB OA π∠==, AC 垂直于OB ,则阴影部分的面积为（ ）11111（A ）- （B ）- （C ）- （D ）- （E ）-8488424448πππππ【答案】A 【详解】2OCA 1111=11=82284S S S ππ∆=-⋅⋅-⋅⋅-阴影扇形15.老师问班上50名同学周末复习情况，结果有20人复习过数学，30人复习过语文，6人复习过英语，且同时复习过数学和语文的有10人，同时复习过语文和英语的有2人，同时复习过英语和数学的有3人.若同时复习过这三门课的人为0，则没有复习过这三门课程的学生人数为（）（A）7 （B）8 （C）9 （D）10 （E）11【答案】C【详解】复习数学的看做A，复习语文的看做B，复习英语的看做C，复习数学和语文的看做AB，复习数学和英语的看做AC，复习语文和英语的看做BC，全部都复习的没有，三科全部都没有复习的看做D，因此列式为：502030610239A B C AB AC BC D D DΩ=++---+→=++---+→=二．条件充分性判断：第16-25小题，每小题3分，共30分。

2017全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考综合能力试题一、问题求解〔本大题共5小题，每题3分，共45分〕以下每题给出5个选项中，只有一个是符合要求的，请在答题卡上将所选择的字母涂黑。

1、甲从1、2、3中抽取一个数，记为a ；乙从1、2、3、4中抽取一个数，记为b ，规定当a b >或者1a b +<时甲获胜，那么甲取胜的概率为〔〕〔A 〕16〔B 〕14〔C 〕13〔D 〕512〔E 〕12【答案】E【解析】穷举法：满足a b >的有〔2,1〕〔3,1〕〔3,2〕；满足1a b +<的有〔1,3〕〔1,4〕〔2,4〕； 共六组，因此概率为61342=⨯ 2、ABC ∆和'''A B C ∆满足''''::2:3AB A B AC AC==,',A A π∠+∠=那么ABC ∆和'''A B C ∆的面积比为〔〕〔A B C 〕2:3〔D 〕2:5〔E 〕4:9【答案】E【解析】特值法： 假设2,''''3,'2AB AC A B A C A A π====∠=∠=， 那么11:'22:334:922S S =⨯⨯⨯⨯= 3、将6人分成3组，每组2人，那么不同的分组方式共有〔〕〔A 〕12〔B 〕15〔C 〕30〔D 〕45〔E 〕90【答案】B【解析】分组分配：均匀分组，注意消序2226423315C C C A ⨯⨯= 4记123,,σσσ分别为甲、乙、丙投中数的方差，那么〔〕（A ）123σσσ>>〔B 〕132σσσ>>〔C 〕213σσσ>>〔D 〕231σσσ>>〔E 〕321σσσ>> 【答案】B【解析】计算方差、比拟大小()()()()()()()()()222122222223255585=563542454=42387479714=733x x x σσσ-+-+-==-+-+-==-+-+-==甲乙丙，，，因此，132σσσ>>5、将长、宽、高分别为12、9、6的长方体切割成正方体，且切割后无剩余，那么能切割成一样正方体的最少个数为〔〕（A ）3〔B 〕6〔C 〕24〔D 〕96〔E 〕648【答案】C【详解】正方体的棱长应是长方体棱长的公约数，想要正方体最少，那么找最大公约数即3，因此得到的正方体个数为129624333⨯⨯= 6、某品牌电冰箱连续两次降价10%后的售价是降价前的〔〕〔A 〕80%〔B 〕81%〔C 〕82%〔D 〕83%〔E 〕85%【答案】B【详解】假设降价前是1，那么降价后为()()1110%110%81%⨯--=7、甲、乙、丙三种货车载重量成等差数列，2辆甲种车和1辆乙种车的载重量为95吨，1辆甲种车和3辆丙种车载重量为150吨，那么甲、乙、丙分别各一辆车一次最多运送货物为〔〕〔A 〕125.〔B 〕120.〔C 〕115.〔D 〕110.〔E 〕105.【答案】E【解析】设甲乙丙分别载重量为,,a b c ，由题得2295337245353150b a c a b a c b b b a c =+⎧⎪+=⇒++==⇒=⎨⎪+=⎩，因此所求3105a b c b ++==8、教师到一所中学进展招生咨询，上午接到了45名同学的咨询，其中的9位同学下午又咨询了教师，占教师下午咨询学生的10%，一天中向教师咨询的学生人数为〔〕〔A 〕81.〔B 〕90.〔C 〕115.〔D 〕126.〔E 〕135.【答案】D【解析】上午咨询的教师为45名，下午咨询的教师共90名，其中9名学生上午和下午都咨询了，因此学生总数为45+90-9=1269、某种机器人可搜索到的区域是半径为1米的圆，假设该机器人沿直线行走10米，那么其搜索出的区域的面积〔单位：平方米〕为〔〕〔A 〕102π+.〔B 〕10π+.〔C 〕202π+.〔D 〕20π+.〔E 〕10π. 【答案】D【解析】如图，机器人走过的区域为：因此面积是长方形加一个圆：2210120ππ⨯+⨯=+10、不等式12x x -+≤的解集为〔〕〔A 〕(,1]-∞.〔B 〕3(,]2-∞.〔C 〕3[1,]2.〔D 〕[1,)+∞.〔E 〕3[,)2+∞. 【答案】B【解析】121221232x x x xx x x x -+≤⇒-≤-⇒-≤-≤-⇒≤11、在1到100之间，能被9整除的整数的平均值是〔〕〔A 〕27〔B 〕36〔C 〕45〔D 〕54〔E 〕63【答案】D【详解】考查整除，19100111k k ≤≤→≤≤，9的倍数有9,18,27，…，99，这些数值的平均数为()9991154211+⨯=⨯12、某试卷由15道选择题组成，每道题有4个选项，其中只有一项为哪一项符合试题要求的，甲有6道题是能确定正确选项，有5道能排除2个错误选项，有4道能排除1个错误选项，假设从每题排除后剩余的选项中选一个作为答案，那么甲得总分值的概率为〔〕〔A 〕451123⋅〔B 〕541123⋅〔C 〕541123+〔D 〕541324⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭〔E 〕541324⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭ 【答案】B【详解】5道题可排除2个错误选项，因此答对每题的概率为12，5道题目全部做对的概率为512；4道题目可排除1个错误选项，因此答对每题的概率为13，4道题目全部做对的概率为413，因此概率为512⋅413 13.某公司用1万元购置了价格分别为1750和950的甲、乙两种办公设备，那么购置的甲、乙办公设备的件数分别为〔〕〔A 〕3,5〔B 〕5,3〔C 〕4,4〔D 〕2,6〔E 〕6,2【答案】A【详解】考查不定方程，设甲种办公设备为x ，乙种办公设备为y ，列方程为1750950100003519200x y x y +=→+=，系数中有5直接看个位，35x 的个位必为0或者5，由于19y 的个位不为0，因此19y 的个位为5，那么35x 的个位必为5，因此y=5，x=314.如图，在扇形AOB 中，,14AOB OA π∠==,AC 垂直于OB ,那么阴影局部的面积为〔〕 11111（A ）- （B ）- （C ）- （D ）- （E ）- 8488424448πππππ【答案】A【详解】2OCA 1111=11=82284S S S ππ∆=-⋅⋅-⋅⋅-阴影扇形 15.教师问班上50名同学周末复习情况，结果有20人复习过数学，30人复习过语文，6人复习过英语，且同时复习过数学和语文的有10人，同时复习过语文和英语的有2人，同时复习过英语和数学的有3人.假设同时复习过这三门课的人为0，那么没有复习过这三门课程的学生人数为〔〕〔A 〕7 〔B 〕8 〔C 〕9 〔D 〕10 〔E 〕11【答案】C【详解】复习数学的看做A ，复习语文的看做B ，复习英语的看做C ，复习数学和语文的看做AB ，复习数学和英语的看做AC ，复习语文和英语的看做BC ，全部都复习的没有，三科全部都没有复习的看做D ，因此列式为：502030610239A B C AB AC BC D D D Ω=++---+→=++---+→=二．条件充分性判断：第16-25小题，每题3分，共30分。

云南师范大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷报 考 专 业： 学科教学（英语）考试科目及代码： 高级英语818考试时量：150分钟 试卷编号：（A卷）考号： 姓名：题号 一 二 三 四 五 总分 评卷人 复分人 分数I. Vocabulary and Structure (30 points, l point each)Directions:Choose the best word or phrase to complete each of the following statements.1. Everyone praised Mary for the ____ job she had done.A. painstakingB. interestingC. boringD. wonderful2. Our courts guarantee fairness to all.A. realityB. equityC. justice .D. authority3. Mr. Joy his good health careful living.A. attributed ... to B, attributed ... forC. attributed ... asD. attributed .. .in4. I like lying on ____ looking at girls.A. the beachB. beachesC. beachD. the beaches5. There is no use arguing with such a willful woman.A. ill-manneredB. stubbornC. not seemlyD. ill-born6. He was tantalized by her beauty, but lacked courage to speak to her.A. was surprisedB. was attractedC. was contrastedD. was expelled7. He sought illumination by reading the great philosophers.A. puzzleB. brightnessC. enlightenmentD. light8. Many guests were shocked at the boy's table manners.A. repulsiveB. pleasantC. well-behavedD. bad9. Don't be so of your son. You must make allowances for his age.A. criticalB. madeC. seriousD. upset down10. After years of hard work, he ____ himself as the most authoritative person in genetic engineering.A. establishedB. set upC. builtD. created11. I grateful if you would reply as soon as possible.A. shall beB. will beC. should beD. would be12. The captain was unwilling to ____ the command of his ship.A. hand inB. hand toC. hand overD. hand out13. In certain circumstances, such as a formal party, it is bestto your anger instead of letting it out when you have been offended.A. stifleB. maintainC. preventD. take care of14. People whose minds are full of are usually apathetic to new ideas.A. conservationB. conventionalityC. contradictionD. energy15. Carelessness should be recognized as a frequent of success.A. baneB. restrictionC. limitationD. control16. I in the dark for the torch which I knew must be somewhere in the room.A. searchedB. touchedC. looked forD. groped17. Impeachment often results from serious misconduct of government officials.A. bad conductB. malfeasanceC. mal-behaviorD. poor behavior18. Some people seem to have an innate ability to memorize numbers better than others.A. congenitalB. insideC. naturalD. potential19. I cannot say that I was particularly anxious to speak to him; I only did so out of .A. courtesyB. mindC. willingnessD. strong will20. I felt as if I _____ watched.A. wasB. had beenC. am beingD. was being21. student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.A. EachB. AnyC. EitherD. One22. All is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A. what is neededB. for our needC. the thing neededD. that is needed23. with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A. When comparedB. CompareC. While comparingD. comparing24. He must have had an accident, or he then.A. would have been hereB. had to be hereC. should be hereD. would be here25. It was essential that the application forms back before the deadline.A. must be sentB. would be sentC. be sentD. were sent26. A new technique ,the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent.A wording out B. having worded outC. having been worded outD. to have been worded out27. There are more than fifty proposals at the conference.A discussed B. to be discussedC. discussingD. having been discussed28. There is hardly an environment on earth some species of animal or other has not adapted successfully.A to which B. wherever C. so that D. as to29. Most doctors recognize that medicine is ___.A an art as much it is a scienceB. as much an art as it is a scienceC. as an art as much it is scienceD. much an art as it is a science30. If the earth suddenly spinning, we would all fly off it.A. had stoppedB. stoppedC. has stoppedD. would stopII. Reading Comprehension (50 points, 2 points each)Directions: In this part, there are 6 short passages. Rad each passage carefully,and choose the best answer for each question that follows.Passage 1The case for collage has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought t go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become "better" people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don't go.But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are attending, those who don't fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. Collage graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other's experiments and write false letters of recommendation in intense competition for admission to graduate school. Others find no stimulation in their studies, and dropout- often encouraged by college administrators.Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves- they are spoiled and they are expecting too much. But that's a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn't explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We've been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can't absorb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army oftrained twenty-year-olds, either.Some adventuresome educators and watchers have openly begun tosuggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of :Pigh school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our remembered college experiences. Perhaps college doesn't make people intelligent,ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things-maybe it's just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps allthose successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy to those of us who have been brought up tobelieve that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better.But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.1. By "fit the pattern" the author means that ____.A. College graduates earn more moneyB. College graduates are morally sounderC. College graduates are more liberalD. All of the above2. It is hinted that the reason that many students fail in college is that ___ .A. they are spoiled by their parentsB. college education is incapable of cultivating themC. college education is misleadingD. they are ruined by the corrupt society3. The view of college education as held by the author seems to be ____ .A. self-contradictionB. popularC. unconventionalD. radicalPassage 2Women,by virtue of the availability of such outlets as crying for theexpression of emotion,are likely to suffer from fewer psychological disturbances than men.I know of no studies on the expression of the emotions in business women.But the increase in psychological disorders among women in recent years suggests that women in business may be attempting to retain the normal expression of their emotions. If so, I would say that this is not good. Women in business who believe that in order to succeed they must imitate men are barking up the wrong tree.I am not suggesting that every time one runs into a major frustration, one ought to have a good cry.I think this would be silly. Crying should be reserved for the appropriate situation, and that is whenever one's organism indicates the necessity. In this respect the American male has a great deal to learn from American females - whether in business or out pf it. In business the emotions that are likely to be called into playtend to be the angry emotions, and .. crying is not a natural way of expressing such emotions. Opportunities to blow off steam in ways appropriate to the occasion should be provided until such time as we have strived to produce human beings who have learned to deal with their frustrations in a constructive manner.It would be absurd to suggest that the psychological disorders from which men suffer in America are the result of not crying.The inability to cry is but one reflection of many indicating that the American male has not been taught how to use his emotions efficiently, and it is this general inefficient use of this emotion,rather than one particular expression of them,that is principally at fault.Nevertheless,it is agreed by most authorities that crying is a beneficial means of relieving the person of tensions which seek expression in this particular manner.It is far better that the energies which seek release in such emotional expression find an outlet in weeping than that they should be shut up to seek unexpectedexpression through the bodies.4. We can infer from the passage that ____.Amen usually tend to retain the expression of their emotionsB.there are more women than men experiencing motional disturbanceC. business women learn from men in expressing their emotion for successD. women tend to cry because they can easily have psychological disorders5. The expression " ... barking up the wrong tree" probably means ____.A. crying among the trees improperlyB. shouting at the wrong personC. having a wrong ideaD. saying something wrong by mistake6. According to the author, which of the following statement is true? manly for a person to cryA. American men should learn from American women in businessB. One should express one's emotion constructivelyC. It is not manly for a person to cryD. American males are taught how to us emotions efficiently7. The author's main purpose to write this article is ____.A. to tell how women express emotions efficientlyB. to prove crying is the best way of emotion outletC. to explain the reasons of psychological disordersD. to argue for a psychologically healthier expression of emotions Passage 3Television-: the most pervasive of modem technologies, marked by rapid change and growth - is moving into a new era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility,which promises to reshape our lives and our world. It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possible by themarriage of television and computer technologies.The word "television," derived from its Greek (tale: distant) and Latin (vision: sight) roots, can literally be interpreted as sight from a distance.Very simple put, it works in this way: through a sophisticated system of electronics, television provides the capability of converting an image (focused on a special photoconductive plate within a camera) into electronic impulses, whichcan be sent through a wire or a cable. These impulses, when fed into a receiver(television set) can then be electronically reconstituted into that same image.Television is more than just an eh:ctronic system, however. It is a means of expression, as well as a vehicle for communication, and as such hecomes apowerful tool for reaching other human beings.The field of television can be divided into two categories determined by its means of transmission. First, there is broadcast television, which reaches the masses through airwave transmission of television signals. Second, there is no broadcast television, which provides for the need of individuals or specific interest groups through controlled transmission techniques.Traditionally, television has been a medium of the masses. We are most familiar with broadcast television because it has been with us for about forty-seven years in a form similar to what exists today. During those years, it has been controlled, for the most part, by the broadcast network, ABC, NBC, and CBS,who have been the major surveyor of news, information, and entertainment. These giants of broadcasting have actually shaped not only television, but our perception of it as well. We have come to look upon it as a source of entertainment, placing our role in this dynamic as the passive viewer.8. The new era of television is brought about by ____.A. modem technologiesB. computer technologiesC. television technologiesD. the combination of TV and computer technologies9. The author of this passage is almost probably ____.A. AmericanB. BritishC. ChineseD. Australian10. From the passage we might get the hint that ___.A. the future television will have advance transmission techniquesB. there will be more types of televisionC. the future television will be more entertainingD. the future television will be more interactivePassage 4What you give your relatives, friends, husband, or wife can help you know yourself better. Also, what they give you can tell you something abouttheir personality. Most gift-giving (and getting) shows nothing more than the spirit of love and friendship. But it is possible to form some associations between the kinds of things bought and the people who buy them. Here is a guide to who gives what---and why.The clothes you wear tell something about your personality. They tell the world not only how you want to be seen but how you see yourself as well. When someone gives you something to wear that agrees with your self-image, they're saying,"I agree with you. I like you the way you are." Such a gift should be taken as a form of compliment. On the other hand, a gift of clothing that does not match your personality could be an insult to your character.Making something by hand has become the exception in many countries today--- so much so that giving a homemade gift is sometimes considered unusual. If you receive a homemade gift, you're lucky. It may not be made perfectly, but it will show a certain quality of love. People who give homemade gifts may be said to be very generous. They've given time and emotion, two important characteristics of being creative.A person who thinks of food when thinking of a gift is good example of what human warmth means. Whether you give a box of chocolates, a bag of oranges, or a ball of cheese, all carry the same message of comfort and support.People who give books as gifts either like reading or would like everyone to think they do. If you happen to receive a large, heavy book, its giver may be much more interested in the way things appear than in the way they actually are. Of course, reading is a way of feeling the emotions of another person and of learning new things. Giving a book can be a way of sharing a feeling or a newly learned meaning. The giver is probably trying to say to you what the book said to him.11. The first paragraph is written mainly to tell readers that .A. the gifts you give can help you understand yourself betterB. the gifts you receive are helpful for you to know the personality ofthose who give themC. gifts can show friendship and loveD. there is a certain relationship between the kinds of gifts and the people who give them12. A person who likes the self-image of another person will give the latter .A. clothesB. a homemade giftC. a gift that agrees with the personality of the receiverD. a gift that matches the character of the giver13. Which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?A. What you wear can tell something about your personality.B. Homemade gifts are not welcomed in some countries.C. You will not feel cold when you receive food as a gift.D. Reading books given to you as gifts can be a way of sharing a feelingwith the giver.14. If you give a large book as a gift, it may show that ___ .B. the receiver is interested in readingC. you want to share with others a certain feeling or newly learned meaningD. you are more interested in the appearance of the book than in its contents15. People who want to show their love toward others often give ___ .A. homemade giftsB. delicious foodC. expensive clothesD. interesting booksPassage 5The smart job-seeker needs to get rid of several standard myths about interviewing before starting to pound the pavement looking for a job. What follows is a list of some of these untruths and some tips to help you do your best at your next interview.Myth 1: The aim of interviewing is to obtain a job offerOnly half true. The real aim of an interview is to obtain the job you want.That often means rejecting job offers you don't want! Incompetent job-seekers,however, become so used to accommodating employers' expectations that they often easily qualify for jobs they don't want. So, before you do back-flips for an employer, be sure you want the job.Myth 2: Always please the interviewerNot true. Try to please yourself. Giving answers that you think will suit a potential employer, losing touch with your own feelings (in order to get in touch with some other person's feelings) and,in general, practicing an awful policy of appeasement are certain to keep you from success and progress.Of course, don't be hostile ---nobody wants to hire someone hostile.But there is plainly a middle ground between being too ingratiating and being hostile.An effective interview(whether you are offered the job or not) is like an exciting encounter in conversation with your neighbor on an airplane.Myth 3: Try to control the interviewNobody "controls" an interview --- neither you nor the interviewer –although one or both parties often try. When somebody tries to control us, we resent it. When we try to control somebody, they resent us. Remember, you can't control what employers think of you, just as they can't control what you think of them. So hang loose interviewing; never dominate the interview.Myth 4: Don't disagree with the interviewerAnother silly myth. If you don't disagree at times, you become, in effect, a "yes" man or woman. Don't be afraid to disagree with your interviewer --- in a pleasant and pleasing way. And don't hesitate tochange your mind. The worst that cold happen would be that the interviewer thin.ks,"There's a person with a11 open mind!"The conventional wisdom says "be yourself," true enough. But how many people can be themselves ifthey don't feel free to disagree.16. The word "myth" in the passage probably means ___ .A. mysteryB. advantageC. something false that most people believe is trueD. anything different17. An effective interview should be one during which ___.A. both interviewer and interviewee try to praise each otherB. the job-seeker succeeds in living up to the expectation of the employerC. two sides have a good exchange of viewsD. the interviewee obtains the expected job offer1 ~. lf a job-seeker tries to control the interview, ___ .A. he is going to win a job offerB. the interviewer will hire himC. both parties are satisfied with each otherD. it is unlikely for him to attain his goal19. All of the following statements are true except that ___ .A. a good interview is like an exciting conversationB. a job-seeker should always agree with the interviewerC. one doesn't have to cater to (迎合) his interviewer's tasteD. it is important to be oneself during an interview20. The main idea of the passage is ___ .A. the way to think about and act in a job interviewB. don't be respectful of your interviewerC. a good interview allows an interviewer to be himselfD. why an interview can develop into an exciting conversation Passage 6We have saved as a final set of emotions the two most important emotions connected with other people: love and its opposite, hate. Love can be seen everywhere. Yet surprisingly, love has been the subject of less scientific research than other emotions, such as anger and fear. The reason for this may be two fold.First, love is a very complex emotion, difficult to describe and measure.Secondly,unlike many radical emotions, radical love is generally not a problem; thus less medical attention has been paid to it.What is love? This is a complex question and requires a complex answer.Love is a strong, positive attraction and felling for another person or thing. But it is more than this. It also involves feeling of caring, protection, excitement,and tenderness.When two people are in love, they feel drawn to one another; they greatly enjoy each other's company;and they may be sexually attracted to one another.Sometimes it is easier to think in terms of different kinds of love: romantic love, brotherly love, and so forth. Though they are different in some respects, they share one important characteristic: a strong positive feeling toward another.Our feelings toward other people are often complex. We rna love someone and, at the same time, be angry with him. Or we may love someone, even though we are jealous of him. We might even love someone and, at the same thne, hate for some precise reason.Hate is a strong negative emotion toward someone, and is due to anger,jealousy, or some other factor. Like love, hate can be a very strong emotion. It can also be very dangerous. The question is often asked, "Is it bad to hate?" the best answer is probably "sometimes yes and sometimes no." Usually hate does not help us; it makes us feel unhappy and makes us do things that may hurt others.However, sometimes it may be necessary to hate and hurt som.e one in order toprotect loved ones.21. The word "saved" in the first sentence of this passage means ___.A. leftB. relaxedC. set freeD. kept up22. Love is a lasting, strong, positive attraction and feeling for another person or thing, the very opposite emotion of which is ___ .A. angerB. fearC. jealousyD. hate23. Which characteristic is shared by different kinds of love?A. A strong negative emotion toward someone.B. A strong positive feeling toward another.C. Unhappy feeling toward someone.D. Jealous feeling toward someone.24. According to the passage, hate is caused by ___.A. anger, jealousy or some other factorsB. anger danger and hurtC. caring, protection, excitement and tendernessD. complex, strong positive emotion25. Which of the following is true?A. Love has been the subject of less scientific research because it is too simple an emotion.B. Radical love is so difficult to describe and measure that less medical attention has been paid to it.C. To hate is always too bad.D. We can have at the same time two opposite feelings for another.III. Proof Reading (20 points, 2 points each)Directions: The following passage contains ten errors, one in each indictaed lineor lines. In each case, only one word is involve. Corrections should be done asdollows:• Wrong word: underline the wrong word and write the correct word in the blank.• Extra word: decide the extra word with an "x".• Missing word: mark the position of the missing word with a" ∧ ".Scientific and learned English is not merely international in using internationalwords. English is frequently used nationally for 1) __ _these purposes, as was pointed out in the previous chapter. A scholar in Denmark or Poland or even a vast country as Russia 2) ____ _will today often write or at any rate publish in English, because his workwill thereby reach for a wider public. This does not 3) ___ _mean that such a scholar has a native-like knowledge of English. In fact,the preface will usually acknowledge the help of someone who has correctedand checked the English or even does a 4) __ _good deal of translation. The scholar himself may be very poorly equipped tospeak English or even to write it, especially on any subject 5) than his own field of interest.This is that is today called having a "restricted" or "specialised"6) _ _knowledge of English, and we have come to recognise increasingly thislimited degree of linguistic ability. Few people have the time that is required to master a "full" knowledge of a foreign language and few stillwould be to make7) _ _the much practical use of such a language. Indeed, as has already8) __ _been implied, even as native speakers we vary greatly in theamount and variety of fields of discourse 9) ____ _in where we feel at home. 10) ___ _IV. Paraphrase (20 points, 2 points each) (10 题, 每题2分)Directions: Explain the following sentences in your own words.1.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remainthe master of its own house.2.They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, andthey sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard.3.There is always a great danger that "words will harden intothings for us."4.Out of the melting pot emerges a race which hates beauty as it hatestruth.5.We come on the first evidence of ancient civilizations which are a flatdenial of the primitiveness of Africa.6. While Englishness is not hostile to change, it is deeply suspiciousof change for change's sake.7.A man can be as proud of being a good waiter as of being a good actor.8.The letters, sad and reproachful, offer me the choice of pleading ignorance or being proved insensitive.9.New York even prides itself on being a holdout from prevailing American trends.10.Broadway, which seemed to be succumbing to the tawdriness of its environments, is astir again.V. Writing (30 points)An English newspaper is currently running a discussion on whether young people,especially the 80's and 90's in China today are (not) more self-centered and unsympathetic than were previous generations. And the paper is inviting contributions from university students. You have been asked to write a short article for the newspaper to air your views about the issue of 400 words.You should supply a title for your article.In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part,you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion with a summary.Marks will be awarded for content,organization,grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.。

云南师范大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷报考专业教育学硕士考试科目及代码教育综合333第一部分教育学原理（共60分）一、名词解释（每题5分，共10分）1.个人本位论2.非正式群体二、解答题（每题15分，共30分）1.简要分析教师专业发展。

2.简述我国基本教育公平的主要问题三、论述题（每题20分，共20分）论述信息化时代的学校教育改革第二部分中外教育史（共60分）一、名词解释（每题5分，共20分）1.《理想国》2.泛智教育3.癸卯学制4.晏阳初二、解答题（每题10分，共20分）1.简答人文主义教育的主要特征2.简答张之润“中体西用”教育思想的内容三、论述题（每题20分，共20分）论述杜威实用主义的教育思想及其影响第三部分教育心理学（共30分）一、解答题（共10分）简述麦基奇等提出的学习策略分类二、论述题（共20分）结合实际分析影响问题解决的主要因素，并谈谈如何培养学生为题解决的能力云南师范大学2011年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷报考专业教育学硕士考试科目及代码教育综合333第四部分教育学原理（共60分）一、名词解释（每题5分，共10分）3.形成性评价4.价值澄清模式二、解答题（每题15分，共30分）3.简要分析知识对于人的发展的多方面价值。

4.简要评述活动课程。

三、论述题（每题20分，共20分）论述多元文化与当代教育变革的关系第五部分中外教育史（共60分）一、名词解释（每题5分，共20分）1.察举例2.朱子读书法3.昆体良4.《爱弥尔》二、解答题（每题10分，共20分）1.简答唐代学校教育制度的特点。

2.简答陶行知生活教育的思想。

三、论述题（每题20分，共20分）试述终身教育思潮及其意义.第六部分教育心理学（共30分）一、解答题（10分）举例说明什么是下位学习（类属学习）？二、论述题（20分）举例说明常用的精细加工策略。

云南师范大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷报考专业教育学硕士考试科目及代码教育综合333第七部分教育学原理（共60分）一、名词解释（每题5分，共10分）5.社会本位6.双轨制二、解答题（每题15分，共30分）5.简要分析人的发展即基本特征6.评述布鲁纳的教育过程思想三、论述题（每题20分，共20分）结合课堂教学案例，说明掌握知识与发展智力之间的关系.第八部分中外教育史（共60分）一、名词解释（每题5分，共20分）5.学园2.《爱弥儿》二、解答题（每题10分，共20分）3.简述文艺复兴时期人文主义教育思想的主要特征及其对后世的影响.三、论述题（每题20分，共20分）试述布鲁纳结构课程观及其对我国基础课程改革的启示.第九部分教育心理学（共30分）一、解答题（10分）简述服了和布朗提出的教师成长阶段的主要内容二、论述题（20分）试述科尔伯格的道德发展阶段理论第十部分中国教育史（共30分）一、名词解释（每题5分，共10分）1.有教无类2.京师同文馆二、论述题（每题20分，共20分）试述陈鹤琴教育思想的特点及贡献云南师范大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷报考专业教育学硕士考试科目及代码教育综合333第十一部分教育学原理（共60分）四、名词解释（每题5分，共10分）7.教育内在价值8.直线课程五、解答题（每题15分，共30分）7.信息时代对中小学生的素质要求8.教育的相对独立性是什么？六、论述题（每题20分，共20分）结合实际，谈谈理论理论联系实际原则。

云南师范大学
2013年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷报考专业：教育管理
考试科目及代码：学校管理学 806 (答案必须写在答题纸上、写在卷面上无效)
一、简述题（每题15分，共4小题，60分）
1．建立教代会的意义
2．校长善于团结干部的艺术
3．学校德育管理组织机构设置的原则
4．学校财务管理的基本工作
二、论述题（请仔细阅读以下文字，并用所掌握的学校管理学理论，自拟标题进行论述。

40分）
古人云：早则资舟，水则资车，物之理也。

三、案例分析题（共2小题，50分）
1．请结合学校管理相关理论对以下案例进行分析（20分）
2．请就以下案例谈谈您的看法（30分）
案例
某校有学生向老师反映，XX男生课间在校外公厕吸烟。

一天上课，老师就去翻该生的书包，想从中找到学生吸烟的证据。

该生拒不让翻。

千是师生间发生争执。

师生共同到政教处解决问题。

政教处将该生留下进行严厉批评，老师乘机回到教室，翻该生的书包，终于从书包中找到了香烟。

政教处根据学生守则给子该生纪律处分。

某天，某班交接值周袖章时还差四个。

眼看快下课了，班主任老师说：“再找不到，我可就要搜了，”他见还没有反应，就自己先解开衣扣、翻开衣的兜，“搜查”了自己，也算做了示范，然后便要求道“大家都解开衣服，我搜！我就不信找不到。

”结果，全班男女生几十个人都被老师或同座位同学相互间搜了身，最后还是未找到。

这一天，全班同学很晚才被获准回家。

2017年云南师范⼤学硕⼠研究⽣⼊学考试学科教育⾼级英语真题云南师范⼤学2017年硕⼠研究⽣⼊学考试⾃命题科⽬试卷报考专业：学科教学（英语）考试科⽬及代码：⾼级英语821考试时量：150分钟试卷编号：（A卷）考号：姓名：I. Vocabulary and Structure (每题2分, 共40分)Directions:Choose the best word or phrase to complete each of the following statements.1. ______，Marcia walked up to the podium and deliverer an animated acceptance speech．A．Excited about winning the award．B．Been excited with winning the award．C．To be excited about winning the awardD．Exciting with winning the award2. As a scientific document, the book should stand for several years until further make revision .A. development; impossibleB. experiments; optionalC. advances; necessaryD. attempts; undesirable3. When I was a teenager，I______a lot and people couldn’t understand what I was saying．A．complainedB．mumbledC．utteredD．gossiped4. Dry farming is a type of agriculture used in areas less than 20 inches of rainfall.A. there areB. where there isC. in which isD. which has5. Not until 1942______a drying patient’s life using penicillin．A．when John Bumstead and Orvan Hess saved B．saved John Bumstead and Orvan HessC．did John Bumstead and Orvan Hess saveD．that John Bumstead and Orvan Hess saved6. Birds that breed on high cliffs have pear－ shaped eggs that roll ina tight circle，making_____less likely to roll off the cliff．A．somewhereB．sometimesC．somethingD．somewhat7. ______，the condor in Peru is threatened by the rapid encroachment of humans．A．As isolated as its few remaining habitats may be．B．As its few remaining isolated habitats may be．C．May its few remaining habitats be as isolated．D．Its few remaining habitats may be as isolatcd．8.When the limestone or other carbonate rock just below the ground surface dissolves naturally, ______ collapses and forms sinkholes.A．a landB．the landC．the landsD．lands9. We look with pride at our new bridges and dams, for they are works of art as well as of______.A．leisureB．aestheticsC．drudgeryD．utility10. When two people feel the same way about each other, their feelings are ______.A．habitualB．mutualC．relevantD．equivalent11.American schools tend to put more emphasis on developing ______ skills than they do on acquiring quantities of facts. Students are encouraged to ask questions, think for themselves and express their own opinions. A．critical-thinking B．interpersonalC．intellectualD．social12. At each end of the tube ______, one which gathers light and one which magnifies the image.A．are two lenses thereB．two lenses areC．are two lensesD．two lenses are there13. Reports have recommended that universities should prize good teaching______ good research.A．the same asB．much asC．as well asD．in accordance with14.The county of Kent is known as the "Garden of England"______it yieldsa bountiful harvest of fruits and vegetables.A．althoughB．becauseC．so thatD．such as15.______ almost every major city in the world.A．Air pollution that now afflictsB．Not only does air pollution now afflictC．Air pollution now afflictsD．Air pollution is now afflicted16.it has been estimated that one hundred thousand men participated in the gold rush of 1898.A.approximatelyB.untilC.moreD.as much as17.It is generally true that the lower the stock market falls,A. higher the price of gold risesB. the price of gold rises highC. the higher the price of gold risesD. rises high the price of gold18. Famous for his punctuation, typography, and language, Edward Estlin Cummings published his collected poems in 1954.A. new innovations forB. innovations newly approached inC. newly approachedD. innovations in19. The average elevation of the Himalayas is twenty thousand feet, and Mount Qomolangma to more than twenty-nine thousand feet at its apexA.risesB.raisesC. arosesD.arises20. Unless protected areas are established, the Bengal tiger, the blue whale, and the California condor face of extinction.A. possibleB. the possibilityC. being possibleD. possiblyII. Close Test (每题2分, 共40分)Directions:Read the following passage carefully and fill in each blank with the best choice.Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an 1 should be made even before choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, 2 , most people make several job choices during their working lives, 3 because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve their position. The "one perfect job" does not exist. Young people should 4 enter into a broad flexible training program that will fit them for a 5 of work rather than for a single job. Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans 6 benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing 7 about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss 8 . Some drift from job to job. Others 9 to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.One common mistake is choosing an occupation for its real or 10 prestige. Too many high school students or their parents for them choose the professional field, 11 both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal 12 . The prestige that people tend to 13 to a profession or a white-collar job is no good reason for choosing it as life's work.14 , these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large 15 of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the majority of young people should give serious 16 to these fields.Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants 17 life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual 18 . Some want security; others are willing to take 19 for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its 20 .1. ［A］identification ［B］entertainment ［C］accommodation ［D］occupation2. ［A］however ［B］therefore ［C］though ［D］thereby3. ［A］entirely ［B］mainly ［C］partly ［D］his4. ［A］since ［B］therefore ［C］furthermore ［D］forever5. ［A］place ［B］chance ［C］field ［D］opening6. ［A］to ［B］for ［C］without ［D］with7. ［A］little ［B］few ［C］much ［D］a lot8. ［A］chance ［B］basis ［C］purpose ［D］opportunity9. ［A］apply ［B］appeal ［C］stick ［D］turn10. ［A］imagined ［B］substantial ［C］acquired ［D］demanded11. ［A］concerning ［B］following ［C］considering ［D］disregarding12. ［A］preferences ［B］requirements ［C］tendencies ［D］ambitions13. ［A］contribute ［B］attach ［C］attribute ［D］allot14. ［A］Therefore ［B］However ［C］Nevertheless ［D］Moreover15. ［A］proportion ［B］part ［C］quanitity ［D］batch16. ［A］proposal ［B］suggestion ［C］consideration ［D］appraisal17. ［A］towards ［B］against ［C］out of ［D］without18. ［A］knowledge ［B］satisfaction ［C］culture ［D］sensitivity19. ［A］turns ［B］parts ［C］choices ［D］risks20. ［A］awards ［B］requirements ［C］results ［D］needsIII. Reading Comprehension (每题2分, 共40分)Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Read them carefully and choose the best answer for each question that follows. Passage 1In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child’s acquisition of each new skill---the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is usual that parents hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, and a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, other are severe over time of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child’s own happiness.As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parent teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is not foundation for morality. Also, parents should realize that “example is better than precept”. If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach, their children may grow confused, and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents’ principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.1: Eagerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skills ________. A．should be avoidedB．is universal among parentsC．sets up dangerous states of worry in the childD．will make him lose interest in learning new things2:When children are learning new skills, parents should _________. A．encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they readB．not expect too much of themC．achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their ownD．create as many learning opportunities as possible3:The second paragraph mainly tells us_________.A．parents should be strict with their childrenB．parents controls satisfy only the needs of the parents and the values of the communityC．parental restrictions vary, and are not always enforced for the benefit of the children aloneD．parents vary in their strictness towards their children according to the situation4:In moral matters, parents should _________.A．observe the rules themselvesB．be aware of the marked difference between adults and children C．forbid things which have no foundation in moralityD．satisfy their children’s needsPassage 2It's very interesting to note where the debate about diversity is taking place. It is taking place primari1y in political circles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with top corporate leaders; none of them is talking about getting rid of those instrumentsthat produce diversity. In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete in the g1oba1 village and in the global market place, diversity is an imperative. They also say that the need for talented, skilled Americans means we have to expand the pool of potential employees. And in looking at where birth rates are growing and at where the population is shifting,corporate America understands that expanding the pool means promoting policies that help provide skills to more minorities, more women and more immigrants. Corporate leadersknow that if that doesn't occur in our society, they will not have the engineers, the scientists, the lawyers, or the business managers they will need.Likewise, I don't hear people in the academy saying, "Let's go backward. Let's go back to the good old days, when we had a meritocracy (which was never true-we never had a meritocracy, although we've come closer to it in the last 30 years, ) I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its minority population in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time, and she remembers that when she first joined the community, there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. Now, all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity. So where we hear this debate is primarily in political circles and in the media-not in corporate board rooms or on college campuses.6. The underlined word "imperative"( in Para.1) most probably refers tosomething .A. superficialB. remarkableC. debatableD. essential7. Which of the following groups of people still differ in their views on diversity?A. MinoritiesB. PoliticiansC. ProfessorsD. Managers8. High corporate leaders seem to be in favor of promoting diversity so as to .A. lower the rate of unemploymentB. win equal political rights for minoritiesC. be competitive in the world marketD. satisfy the demands of a growing popu1ation9. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.A. meritocracy can never be realized without diversityB. American political circles will not accept diversityC. it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the U. S. mediaD. minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity10. According to the passage diversity can be achieved in American society by .A. expanding the pool of potential employeesB. promoting policies that provide skills to employeesC. training more engineers, scientists，lawyers and business managersD. providing education for all regardless of race or sexPassage 3There is no denying that students should learn something about how computers work, just as we expect them at least to understand that the internal-combustion engine has something to do with burning fuel, expanding gases and pistons being driven. For people should have some basic idea of how the things that they use do what they do. Further, students might be helped by a course that considers the computer’s impact on society. But that is not what is meant by computer literacy. For computer literacy is not a form of literacy; it is a trade skill that should not be taught as a liberal art.Learning how to use a computer and learning how to program one are two distinct activities. A case might be made that the competent citizens of tomorrow should free themselves from their fear of computers. But this is quite different from saying that all ought to know how to program one.Leave that to people who have chosen programming as a career. While programming can be lots of fun, and while our society needs some people who are experts at it, the same is true of auto repaid and violin-making.Learning how to use a computer is not that difficult, and it gets easier all the time as programs become more “user-friendly”. Let us assume that in the future everyone is going to have to know how to use a computer to be a competent citizen. What does the phrase “learning to use a computer” mean? It sounds like “learning to drive a car”, that is, it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer.In fact, “learning to use a computer” is much more like “learning to play a game”, but learning the rules of one game may not help you play a second game, whose rules may not be the same. There is no such a thing as teaching someone how to usea computer. One can only teach people to use this or that program and generally that is easily accomplished.11. To be the competent citizens of tomorrow, people should ________.A) try to lay a solid foundation in computer scienceB) be aware of how the things that they use do what they doC) learn to use a computer by acquiring a certain set of skillsD) understand that programming a computer is more essential than repairing a car12. In the second paragraph “violin-making” is mentioned to show that ________.A) programming a computer is as interesting as making a violinB) our society needs experts in different fieldsC) violin-making requires as much skill as computer programmingD) people who can use a computer don’t necessarily have to know computer programming13. Learning to use a computer is getting easier all the time because ________.A) programs are becoming less complicatedB) programs are designed to be convenient to usersC) programming is becoming easier and easierD) programs are becoming readily available to computer users14. According to the author, the phrase “learning to use a computer” (Lines 3-4, Para. 3) means learning ________.A) a set of rulesB) the fundamentals of computer scienceC) specific programsD) general principles of programming（C）15. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is ________.A) to stress the impact of the computer on societyB) to explain the concept of the computer literacyC) to illustrate the requirements for being competent citizens of tomorrowD) to emphasize that computer programming is an interesting and challenging jobIV. Translation (总分20分)Directions: Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.Tucked away in our subconsciousness is an idyllic vision. We see ourselves on a long trip that spans the continent. We are traveling by train. Out the windows, we drink in the passing scene of cars on nearby highways, of children waving at a crossing, of cattle grazing on a distant hillside, of smoke pouring from a power plant, of row upon row of corn and wheat, of flatlands and valleys, of mountains and rolling hillsides, of city skylines and village halls.But uppermost in our minds is the final destination. On a certain day at a certain hour, we will pull into the station. Bands will be playing and flags waving. Once we get there, so many wonderful dreams will come true and the pieces of our lives will fit together like a completed jigsaw puzzle. How restlessly we pace the aisles, damning the minutes for loitering -waiting, waiting, waiting for the station."When we reach the station, that will be it!" we cry. "When I'm 18." "When I buy a new 450SL Mercedes Benz!""When I put the last kid through college.""When I have paid off the mortgage!" "When I get a promotion." "When I reach the age of retirement, I shall live happily ever after!"Sooner or later, we must realize there is no station, no one place to arrive at once and for all. The true joy of life is the trip. The station is only a dream. It constantly outdistances us.It isn't the burdens of today that drive men mad. It is the regrets over yesterday and the fear of tomorrow. Regret and fear are twin thieves who rob us of today.V. Writing (总分20分)Directions: Write a composition of about 400 words on the given topic.Proper Ways to Cope with Stress in Modern Life。

2006年研究生入学考试专业课试卷第一部分考试科目及代码：运动生理学317一、名词解释（每小题3分，共30分）1、时值2、动作电位3、晶体渗透压4、Hb氧合作用5、心率储备6、氧亏7、消退抑制8、运动动力定型9、超量恢复10、等动练习二、简答题（每小题8分，共80分）1、肌肉的生理特性有哪些？2、简述神经的兴奋是如何传递给肌肉的。

3、血液是怎样维持酸碱平衡的？4、简述心电图各波形意义及运动员安静时的心电图特点。

5、肌红蛋白与血红蛋白有哪些不同生理特征。

6、简述A TP分解供能的主要机制。

7、简述决定力量大小的生理因素。

8、判断疲劳的方法主要有哪些。

9、建立条件反射有哪些条件。

10、简述影响力量训练效果的因素有哪些。

三、论述题（每小题20分，共40分）1、论述有氧耐力的生理基础。

2、第二信号系统在形成运动技能过程中有什么作用？第二部分考试科目及代码：学校体育学411一、名词解释（每小题5分，共30分）1、体育教学2、分解法3、适量性原则4、重复法5、战术6、持续训练法二、简答题（每小题10分，共30分）1、对学校体育目标多元化的认识？2、体育教学过程的基本要素？3、完整法有何优点？它适于在什么情况下采用？4、运动训练有何特点？5、体育教师的作用有哪些？6、快乐体育教学模式追求的教学目标？三、论述题与运用题（每小题20分，共60分）1、体育教学中示范法的运用？2、体育（实践）课质量的全面评价？3、初二年级某班有学生75人（其中女生25人），该班在上一节体育课时有篮球场、小运动场各一块，篮球10余个，三羊一个，踏跳板一块，垫子两块。

请你回答：该班的这一节体育课应当上什么内容？采用何种教学组织形式？为什么？2007年研究生入学考试专业课试卷第一部分考试科目及代码：学校体育学一、填空题（每小题3分，共15分）1、体育学习主要是在从事（）练习的过程中进行。

2、运动技能的形成过程可以分为认知与定向阶段、联系形成阶段和（）阶段。