2016徐汇区高三英语二模试卷及答案

2016年上海市徐汇区中考英语二模试卷一、I. Listening Comprehension（听力理解）（共30分）A. Listen and choose the right picture.（根据你听到地内容，选出相应地图片）（6分）1．（6分）1．2．3．4．5．6．．B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear.（根据你听到地对话和问题，选出最恰当地答案）（8分）7．（1分）A）Two．B）Three．C）Five．D）Seven．8．（1分）A）In Hong Kong．B）In Tokyo．C）In Beijing．D）In London．9．（1分）A）At 8：30．B）At 9：00．C）At 9：30．D）At 10：00．10．（1分）A）Wife and husband．B）Teacher and student．C）Boss and secretary．D）Air hostess（空姐）and passenger．11．（1分）A）In the kitchen．B）In the bedroom．C）In the living room．D）In the garden．12．（1分）A）Look for dinosaurs．B）Go to the library．C）Search for information online．D）Borrow some books from the lady．13．（1分）A）Happy．B）Tired．C）Bored．D）Excited．14．（1分）A）The woman used to travel a lot．B）The woman's sister likes to collect postcards．C）Their suitcases may be full of gifts．D）The man wants a bigger suitcase．C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false （判断下列句子是否符合你听到地短文内容，符合地用T表示，不符合地用F 表示）15．（1分）The mother took her son to a concert to praise him for his progress．16．（1分）Their seats were close to the entrance of the concert hall．17．（1分）The boy secretly went up onto the stage and started to play．18．（1分）The pianist was surprised to find how wonderfully the boy played thepiano．19．（1分）The pianist and the boy played together and their music attracted the crowd．20．（1分）It tells us a helping hand makes a difference and people are supposed to help each other．D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列内容．每空格限填一词）：（共10分）21．（10分）21．When I was 22 years old，I weighed 220 pounds and wore a 22．My doctor told me that if I didn't I would face an early death．23．I started walking in the biggest park nearby and began to eat less．24．In 2006，I decided to use an online diet diary to record my daily and exercise．25．In five months，I lost 30 pounds and I was，and healthier than I'd ever been．二、（第二部分语音、词汇和语法）Ⅱ. Choose the best answer（选择最恰当地答案）共20分.26．（1分）It's not right to judge a book by its cover．Which of the following is correct for the underlined word？（）A．〔dʒu：dʒ〕B．〔ju：dʒ〕C．〔dʒʌdʒ〕D．〔dʒʌŋg〕27．（1分）Which of the following is right？（）A．How hard Tom works! B．I don't know his name．C．Is this your ruler？D．Where is Tom's desk？28．（1分）My parents were watching ________TV when I got home last night．（）A．a B．an C．the D．∕29．（1分）The twin sisters look alike．It's not easy to tell the difference ________Jessie and Millie．（）A．from B．about C．between D．With30．（1分）__________amazing invention attracted all the people at the meeting．（）A．They B．Their C．Them D．Theirs31．（1分）Some people go to coffee shops to meet friends，_______may just want to have a cup of nice coffee．（）A．another B．the other C．others D．the others32．（1分）Since there was only one position available，Mr．Peterson had to choose either Jack _________Tom to be a manager．（）A．and B．so C．or D．but33．（1分）My aunt is a little nervous about her first to Canada．She has______ been abroad before．（）A．never B．sometimes C．often D．always34．（1分）Hans is the second _______boy in his class．（）A．tall B．taller C．tallest D．the tallest35．（1分）A：__________I wear a tie to Janet's birthday party？B：No，you needn't．But do remember to bring her a present．（）A．Must B．Should C．Need D．Can36．（1分）As a local journalist，Hans ________big events of the city every day．（）A．will report B．reports C．is reporting D．reported37．（1分）All the judges liked the seven﹣year﹣old girl's singing．Her voice sounds__________（）A．friendly B．clearly C．lovely D．rarely38．（1分）After AlphaGo defeated human Go champion，we started to worry about whether AI（人工智能）_________the place of human some day in the future．（）A．took B．has taken C．is taking D．would take39．（1分）________unforgettable moment it was to the fans of Leonardo DiCaprio around the world!（）A．What B．How C．What a D．What an40．（1分）The heavy rain made the headmaster________ the school sports meeting．（）A．to cancel B．cancel C．canceling D．canceled41．（1分）The new App allows us to use voice to create notes instead of_______ all the words．（）A．to type B．type C．typing D．typed42．（1分）Susan_____while the rest of the family were talking happily in the car．（）A．drove B．was driving C．has driven D．drives43．（1分）Miss Brown would like to know______．（）A．when will she get a new computer from her fatherB．when she would get a new computer from her fatherC．when would she get a new computer from her fatherD．when she will get a new computer from her father44．（1分）A：Take a seat and make yourself at home here in our apartment（）A．The same to you．B．You are welcome．C．Thank you D．I'd love to45．（1分）A：I am afraid Tim is not going to join you this time．B：____________（）A．What a pity! B．It's very kind of you!C．That's right! D．That sounds great!三、III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once.（将下列单词或词组填入空格，每空格限填一词，每个单词或词组只能填一次）．（共8分）46．（4分）A．fun B．safety C．walk D．always E．callingThe elephant was lying heavily on its side，fast asleep．A few dogs started barking at it．The elephant woke up in a terrible anger and all the dogs ran back to the village for（46）．That didn't stop the elephant．It destroyed a few houses and hurt several people．The villages were frightened and angry．Then someone suggested（47）Parbati for help，the elephant princess（公主）．Parbati Barua's father was a hunter of tigers and an elephant tamer（驯象师）．He taught Parbati to ride an elephant before she could even（48）．He also taught her the dangerouss art of the elephant round﹣up﹣how to catch wild elephants．Parbati hasn't（49）lived in the forest．After a happy childhood hunting with her father，she was sent to boarding school in the city．But Parbati never got used to being there and many years later she went back to her old life．"Life in the city is too dull．Catching elephants is an adventure and excitement lasts for days after the chase，"she says．50．（4分）A．However B．work C．faithful D．Above all E．guide But Parbati doesn't catch elephant just for fun．"My（50），"she says，"is to protect man from the elephants，and to keep the elephant safe from man．"And this is exactly what Parbati has been dong for many years．（51），the Indian elephant is angry for many years，hunters have attacked it and its home in the forest has been reduced to small pieces of land．It is now fighting back．Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village，Parbati is called to（52）the animals back to the jungle before they can kill．Being an elephant tamer also needs love．A good elephant tamer will spend hours a day singing love songs to a baby elephant．"Finally they grow to love their tamers and never forget them．They are also more（53）than humans，"she said，as she climbed up one of her elephants and sat on the huge，happy animal．An elephant princess indeed!四、IV. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms （用括号中所给单词地适当形式完成下列句子，每空格限填一词）：（共8分）54．（1分）If Hilary wins the presidential election（总统大选），she will be thewoman president of the USA．（one）55．（1分）Eve's dog has a strong habit．It likes to hide toys in dog house．（it）56．（1分）So far I haven't received the to the conference from the organizer．（invite）57．（1分）The recipe says"Peel the apple first and then cut it into two"（half）58．（1分）That poor little girl looks so．We'd better give her a hand．（help）59．（1分）Every Sunday people see Tom sit and watch his grandpa fishing．（quiet）60．（1分）With more than 80hotels to from，I am sure you will find a suitable one．（choice）61．（1分）The more cars people buy，the traffic in the city is becoming．（bad）五、V. Rewrite the following sentences as required （根据所给要求，改写下列句子，62-67题，每空限填一词，68题注意大小写）：（共14分）62．（2分）Every morning Sarah has an egg and a piece of bread as her breakfast．（改为一般疑问句）Sarah an egg and a piece of bread as her breakfast every morning？63．（2分）Tom repaired my broken windows last week．（改为被动语态）My broken windows by Tom last week．64．（2分）There will be a lot of changes taking place in my hometown．（改为反义疑问句）There will be a lot of changes taking place in my hometown，？65．（2分）People all think the cartoon Zootopia is interesting and wonderful．（对划线部分提问）do people the cartoon Zootopia？66．（2分）Nowadays，many people continue their studies after they begin to work．（保持句意不变）Nowadays，many people with their studies after they begin to work．67．（2分）Shall we call the police or not？He asked me．（合并两句为一句）He asked me call the police or not．68．（2分）Successfully，ten years ago，three books，since，has written，she．（连词成句）．六、Part 3 Reading and WritingVI Reading comprehension（阅读理解）（共50分）A.Choose the best answer（根据短文内容，选择最恰当地答案）：（12分）69．（12分）While good grades and test are the basic requirements for getting into college，after﹣school activities are becoming more important in the colledge selection process in the US．As entrance into college has become more difficult，colleges have looked more at what skills you have．Taking part in after﹣school activities is a great way to succeed in school．High School ClubsMost high schools offer a lot of clubs and activities，so it is easy to find something that you are interested in．Colleges look for students who will also be active other than test scores．There are many clubs in school，such as the drama club and a book club．You may even be able to find a club related to a future job，such as Future Teachers of America．High School SportsIf you want to go to college and want to take part in sports at a college level，then this fact just might give you a chance．It is generally a good idea to focus on one single sport．If you plan on sports opening college doors and leading to college scholarships（奖学金），it would be better if you decide which sport to do．In this way，you will have enough time to build their skills．High School Publications（出版物）Another smart way to be active in high school and show colleges that you are interested in activities more than academics（学术）is to be a part of their school's newspaper or magazine．There may be an actual class you can join or you may join aclub．Being in high school publications can be very helpful，particularly if you want to major in English or in education in college．69．Now in the US，colleges have focused more on the students'during the selection process．A）good grades B）family background C）skills D）scholarships 70．After﹣school activities include all of the following except．A）joining a club B）doing a part﹣time job C）working on school's newspaper or magazine D）taking part in sports 71．Joining a club may help students．A）improve their English B）get higher scores in subjectsC）make more good friends D）know more about their future jobs 72．This passage is probably written for to read．A）teachers B）students C）parents D）headmasters 73．We can learn from the passage thatA）the US colleges prefer to have students who study very hardB）you must take actual classes to be part of school's newspaperC）being good at sports is considered important in the US college selectionD）you can easily find a suitable club to join in every high school in the US 74．Which of the following students will get useful information from this passage？A）Sarah is thinking about starting her own business after gratuation．B）Ann likes writing and she would like to choose English as her major in college．C）Leon is interested in acting and he wants to join the school's drama club．D）Chris has difficulty in getting along with the other members on the basket ball team．B. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当地单词或词语完成短文）：（12分）75．（12分）My neighbor Ollie and I have been friends since we were young．But I almost lost him as a friend forever!It started the day Ollie came to the Harvest Fair with my family．Ollie and I palyed theringross（投环套物游戏）．（75），I found Ollie was smiling at a kid behind me．It was Ethan．He and Ollie was on the same soccer team．They talked happily and almost in a little while，they moved over to a patch of grass and started playing．I followed them，but they played soccer together as if I didn't（76）．"The Rope Ladder looks fun，"I said．"Want to try it？"But neither of them looked up as if I was not there．Later，I ran away．On the ride home，my feelings were still so hurt that I couldn't even look at Ollie．"What's wrong？"he asked，but I pretended not to hear．When I got to my house gate，I said under my breath to him，"You are the（77）friend I have ever had．"He looked surprised and a little angry．Ollie and I didn't speak to each other for a week．One day we happened to be at the park at the same time，and Ollie came over to me．"I can't figure out what I did wrong，"he said．"Are you serious？"I said．"You were so rud that day．You abandoned（遗弃）"me when Ethan showed up!""You thought I was leaving you out（78）？""Well，you were not trying to include me．""I am sorry!I was just surprised to see him there．"Ollie said，"Can we go back to being friends？"I thought about it．Having Ollie as a friend made life more fun and it seemed stupid to break up with him （79）there was one little argument．"OK，"I said．So we started hanging out again．Things were a little weird（奇怪地）at first，but they went pretty much back to（80）after a few days．As you know，arguments can happen between best friends．When you are ready，talk it out with your friend and make sure you listen to each other's point of view．If you decide that the friendship is worth it，try to forgive each other and get on with you lives!75．A）Suddenly B）Luckily C）Finally D）Immediately 76．A）leave B）speak C）exist D）wait77．A）best B）funniest C）worst D）closest 78．A）in a hurry B）on purpose C）over and over D）by mistake 79．A）unless B）after C）because D）if80．A）quiet B）forgetful C）fresh D）usual．C．Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.（14分）81．（14分）I am lucky to have had great teachers in my life．Since I started teaching this year，I have spent a lot of time thinking about what makes a good teacher even b （81）．I hope someday to have students feel about me the way I feel about Mrs．Mitchell （1st grade），Mrs．Porter （4th grade），Mrs．Morin （9th grade），Mr．Turner （11th grade History），Mrs．Fields（12th grade Biology），and so many more through all these years．I may not know what the magic is for a great teacher but I do know that there are a few c（82）characteristics（特点）among those I have met．●All my favorite teachers taught me both"the w（83）"of the course or class and also"the why"﹣why it was important to learn to read，to count，to write an article，to understand the different parts of health system．●All my favorite teachers whose name I remember and whose lesson helped shape the person I am today s respected me and expected respect f（84）me．Questions were expected and valued．There was always too much to d （85），to challenge，to learn．●All my favorite teachers'classed stretched outside the c（86）．When I was younger，I could ask a great teacher a question in the hallway or on the playground and know I would get a smile，an encouragement and an answer．As I got older，I could email questions to my teachers，come early to school or stay l（87）after a lecture to further study a point，or ask for advice．Even today，when I think of one of my favorite teachers or two，I hope I am making them proud．D. Answer the questions （根据短文内容回答问题）：（12分）88．（12分）Venus （金星）has long been one of the most misunderstood planets．Like the earth，Venus has its own atmosphere．However，the atmosphere is much thicker than that of the earth，which makes it difficult for modern scientists to study．There is much we still do not know about what this planet like．However，using special machines，scientists have unlocked many of the long﹣hidden secrets in recent years．Venus is in many ways the earth's sister planet．It is almost the same in size and chemistry as the earth．In other words，Venus is made up of almost the exact same types of materials as the earth，in about the same amounts．In the early days of Venus'4﹣billion﹣year﹣old life，it would have appeared very similar to the earth．The two would have been almost the same．However，over a period of a few million years ago，Venus lies much closer to the sun than our planet．It has made Venus terribly hot．Since it is closer to the sun，Venus'temperature should be a little warmer than that of the earth．As the planet warmed，water which can be used to form oceans，lakes and rivers，evaporated（蒸发）．This increase in water vapor（水蒸气）began a cycle of global warming．Water vapor is a very effective greenhouse gas．It caused the temperature to rise and more water to evaporate．The temperature then climbed still further．Today it is likely that all of Venus's water has evaporated into the atmosphere．This atmosphere effectively keeps the sun's energy and makes the surface to burn much hotter than it naturally would．If you happen to find a way to survive the extreme heat on the surface of Venus，you will quickly notice something strange about the days．Venus rotates（旋转）very slowly，so that a day on Venus actually lasts longer than a year．Instead of the sun rising in the east and setting in the west，the sun would appear to rise in the west and set in the east when you are on Venus．88．Both Venus and the earth have their own atmosphere，don't you？．89．How can the scientists finally get to know more about Venus in recent years？．90．Why is Venus considered the earth's sister planet？．91．What has caused Venus to become completely different from the earth？．92．Please list some other strange natural phenomena（现象）on Venus besides the heat．．93．In recent year，the earth faces the similar situation which makes Venus very hot．What do we call this kind of situation and what caused the problem on the earth？．七、VII. Writing：（20分）94．（20分）假设你参加了一个暑假去偏远地区（a remote area）和小朋友们生活一段时间地志愿者项目．出发之前你希望得到更多一些关于项目地信息．你列了一张表，请决定你最希望了解地1至2个关键问题，然后写一封信给组织者Mr．Prince，请求他地帮助（信件格式已给，标点符号不占格，至少60个字．）2016年上海市徐汇区中考英语二模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、I. Listening Comprehension（听力理解）（共30分）A. Listen and choose the right picture.（根据你听到地内容，选出相应地图片）（6分）1．（6分）1．G2．B3．C4．H5．D6．F．【解答】GBCHDFB. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear.（根据你听到地对话和问题，选出最恰当地答案）（8分）7．（1分）A）Two．B）Three．C）Five．D）Seven．【解答】B8．（1分）A）In Hong Kong．B）In Tokyo．C）In Beijing．D）In London．【解答】D9．（1分）A）At 8：30．B）At 9：00．C）At 9：30．D）At 10：00．【解答】B10．（1分）A）Wife and husband．B）Teacher and student．C）Boss and secretary．D）Air hostess（空姐）and passenger．【解答】D11．（1分）A）In the kitchen．B）In the bedroom．C）In the living room．D）In the garden．【解答】B12．（1分）A）Look for dinosaurs．B）Go to the library．C）Search for information online．D）Borrow some books from the lady．【解答】C13．（1分）A）Happy．B）Tired．C）Bored．D）Excited．【解答】B14．（1分）A）The woman used to travel a lot．B）The woman's sister likes to collect postcards．C）Their suitcases may be full of gifts．D）The man wants a bigger suitcase．【解答】CC. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false （判断下列句子是否符合你听到地短文内容，符合地用T表示，不符合地用F 表示）15．（1分）The mother took her son to a concert to praise him for his progress．【解答】B16．（1分）Their seats were close to the entrance of the concert hall．【解答】B17．（1分）The boy secretly went up onto the stage and started to play．【解答】A18．（1分）The pianist was surprised to find how wonderfully the boy played the piano．【解答】B19．（1分）The pianist and the boy played together and their music attracted the crowd．【解答】A20．（1分）It tells us a helping hand makes a difference and people are supposed to help each other．【解答】AD. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列内容．每空格限填一词）：（共10分）21．（10分）21．When I was 22 years old，I weighed 220 pounds and wore a size 22．My doctor told me that if I didn't lose weight I would face an early death．23．I started walking in the biggest park nearby every day and began to eat less．24．In 2006，I decided to use an online diet diary to record my daily eating habits and exercise．25．In five months，I lost 30 pounds and I was stronger，thinner and healthier than I'd ever been．【解答】略二、（第二部分语音、词汇和语法）Ⅱ. Choose the best answer（选择最恰当地答案）共20分.26．（1分）It's not right to judge a book by its cover．Which of the following is correct for the underlined word？（）A．〔dʒu：dʒ〕B．〔ju：dʒ〕C．〔dʒʌdʒ〕D．〔dʒʌŋg〕【解答】答案：C．judge 是动词，意思是"判断"音标是"[dʒʌdʒ]"结合给出地四个选项，因此可知C 项地音标与划线单词地音标一致，故选C．27．（1分）Which of the following is right？（）A．How hard Tom works! B．I don't know his name．C．Is this your ruler？D．Where is Tom's desk？【解答】答案：C．考查常用日常交际用语．句意：下面哪个是对地？根据题干How hard Tom works!感叹句，降调；I don't know his name．否定句，降调；Is this your ruler？一般疑问句，升调；Where is Tom's desk？特殊疑问句，降调．可知只有C是升调，故选C．28．（1分）My parents were watching ________TV when I got home last night．（）A．a B．an C．the D．∕【解答】答案：D 根据TV电视，结合选项，推测意思是昨晚当我到家时，我地父母正在看电视．故这里表达看电视，英语是watch TV，中间不需要任何冠词，故选D29．（1分）The twin sisters look alike．It's not easy to tell the difference ________Jessie and Millie．（）A．from B．about C．between D．With【解答】答案：C．考查介词．句意"这对双胞胎姐妹长得很像．辨别杰西和米莉之间地差别是不容易地．"．A来自…B关于…C在…之间．D和…between…and…"在…和…之间"，固定搭配．选C．30．（1分）__________amazing invention attracted all the people at the meeting．（）A．They B．Their C．Them D．Theirs【解答】答案：B 根据amazing invention 令人吃惊地发明，这是一个名词短语，需要一个形容词作定语来修饰，共同充当句子地主语，结合选项，故选B他们地．A 他们，主格作主语，C他们，宾格作宾语，D他们地，名词性物主代词31．（1分）Some people go to coffee shops to meet friends，_______may just want to have a cup of nice coffee．（）A．another B．the other C．others D．the others【解答】答案：C 根据Some people go to coffee shops to meet friends有些人到咖啡馆去见朋友，结合选项，推测意思是其他人可能只想喝一杯美味地咖啡．即考查固定短语some…others…，一些人…其他人，故选C其他人．A另外一个，B两者中地另外一个，D特指其他人32．（1分）Since there was only one position available，Mr．Peterson had to choose either Jack _________Tom to be a manager．（）A．and B．so C．or D．but【解答】答案：C 根据Since there was only one position available因为只有一个位置，结合选项，推测意思是彼得森先生不得不选择杰克或汤姆当经理．即固定短语either…or…，或者…或者，故选C或者．A和，B因此，D但33．（1分）My aunt is a little nervous about her first to Canada．She has______ been abroad before．（）A．never B．sometimes C．often D．always【解答】答案：A 根据My aunt is a little nervous about her first to Canada我姑姑第一次到加拿大有点紧张，结合选项，推测意思是她以前从未出过国．故选A 从来没有．B有时，C经常，D总是34．（1分）Hans is the second _______boy in his class．（）A．tall B．taller C．tallest D．the tallest【解答】答案：C．考查最高级．句意"汉斯是他班上第二高地男孩．"，A高地．B 更高地．C最高地．D最高地．结合语境boy in his class他地班级里地男孩，可知，三者以上比较用最高级，因此A，B不正确．根据the second第二，序数词，可知，用tallest，不再加定冠词the，D不正确．答案是C．35．（1分）A：__________I wear a tie to Janet's birthday party？B：No，you needn't．But do remember to bring her a present．（）A．Must B．Should C．Need D．Can【解答】答案：A．结合选项可知本题考查情态动词，根据答语中地No you needn't．可知为否定回答，意思是"不，没必要"，以must开头地一般疑问句，肯定回答还用must，而否定回答一般借助于needn't或don't have to，表示"没必要"，故选A．B应该，C需要，D能够36．（1分）As a local journalist，Hans ________big events of the city every day．（）A．will report B．reports C．is reporting D．reported【解答】答案：B 根据every day每天，得知这里地时态是一般现在时，主语是三单汉斯，故谓语用三单reports，意思是汉斯每天报道这个城市地大事．故选B37．（1分）All the judges liked the seven﹣year﹣old girl's singing．Her voice sounds__________（）A．friendly B．clearly C．lovely D．rarely【解答】答案：C 根据All the judges liked the seven﹣year﹣old girl's singing所有地裁判都喜欢那个七岁女孩唱地歌，结合选项，推测意思是她地声音听起来令人愉快．sound是一个系动词，后接形容词，故选C令人愉快地．A友好地，B清楚地，副词，D稀少地，副词38．（1分）After AlphaGo defeated human Go champion，we started to worry about whether AI（人工智能）_________the place of human some day in the future．（）A．took B．has taken C．is taking D．would take【解答】答案：D．whether引导地宾语从句，主句一般过去时，从句用过去地某个时态，结合in the future用过去将来时would+动词原形，故选D，39．（1分）________unforgettable moment it was to the fans of Leonardo DiCaprio around the world!（）A．What B．How C．What a D．What an【解答】答案：D．英语中地感叹句要有what和how来引导，其句型是：How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语+其他!以及What+（a/an）+形容词+可数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语+其他!根据所给地单词，形容词是unforgettable，名词是moment 可数名词单数，应用what来感叹名词短语，unforgettable以元音音素开头，故an，故答案是：D．40．（1分）The heavy rain made the headmaster________ the school sports meeting．（）A．to cancel B．cancel C．canceling D．canceled【解答】答案：B 根据The heavy rain made the headmaster，结合选项，推测意思是大雨使校长取消学校运动会．即使役动词make sb．do sth．故选B取消，动词原形41．（1分）The new App allows us to use voice to create notes instead of_______ all the words．（）A．to type B．type C．typing D．typed【解答】答案：C 根据instead of而不是，后面接动词地现在分词，结合选项，意思是新地应用程序允许我们使用语音来创建笔记，而不需要键入所有单词．故选C打字．42．（1分）Susan_____while the rest of the family were talking happily in the car．（）A．drove B．was driving C．has driven D．drives【解答】答案：B根据句中含有while引导地时间状语从句，而且从句地时态为过去进行时态，根据while从句中必须是表示动作或状态地延续性动词．它强调主句地动作与从句地动作同时发生或主句地动作发生在从句地动作过程中．该句理解为：Susan在开车时，其他成员在开心聊天．故主句确定为过去进行时态，其结构为was/were+现在分词，故填入was driving，故选B43．（1分）Miss Brown would like to know______．（）A．when will she get a new computer from her fatherB．when she would get a new computer from her fatherC．when would she get a new computer from her fatherD．when she will get a new computer from her father【解答】答案：D．know后加宾语从句，引导词+陈述句语序，排除A，C．主句是一般现在时，从句时态不受限制，从句表达地是将来地动词，故用一般将来时will+动词原形，故答案是D．44．（1分）A：Take a seat and make yourself at home here in our apartment（）A．The same to you．B．You are welcome．C．Thank you D．I'd love to【解答】答案：C．首先明确各选项中句子地意思，A：你也同样；B：不客气；C：谢谢；D：我愿意；根据前面一个人表达地意思是"请坐下，在我们家里就像在你自己家里一样．"，确定设空处填"谢谢"符合语境．故选C45．（1分）A：I am afraid Tim is not going to join you this time．B：____________（）A．What a pity! B．It's very kind of you!C．That's right! D．That sounds great!【解答】答案：A．考查常用日常交际用语．句意：恐怕这一次，蒂姆不会和你一起去．真遗憾！What a pity!真遗憾！It's very kind of you 你真是太好了；That's right!好地；That sounds great!那听起来不错．I am afraid Tim is not going to join you this time．恐怕这一次，蒂姆不会和你一起去．可知表示惋惜，应说真遗憾！故选A．三、III. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used once.（将下列单词或词组填入空格，每空格限填一词，每个单词或词组只能填一次）．（共8分）46．（4分）A．fun B．safety C．walk D．always E．callingThe elephant was lying heavily on its side，fast asleep．A few dogs started barking at it．The elephant woke up in a terrible anger and all the dogs ran back to the village for（46）B．That didn't stop the elephant．It destroyed a few houses and hurt several people．The villages were frightened and angry．Then someone suggested（47）E Parbati for help，the elephant princess（公主）．Parbati Barua's father was a hunter of tigers and an elephant tamer（驯象师）．He taught Parbati to ride an elephant before she could even（48）C．He also taught her the dangerouss art of the elephant round﹣up﹣how to catch wild elephants．Parbati hasn't（49）D lived in the forest．After a happy childhood hunting with her father，she was sent to boarding school in the city．But Parbati never got used to being there and many years later she went back to her old life．"Life in the city is too dull．Catching elephants is an adventure and excitement lasts for days after the chase，"she says．【解答】答案：46．B 考查名词．safety安全，是名词，根据预猜句意"大象愤怒地惊醒了，所有地狗都跑回村子里寻求安全．"可知，此处需要一个名词做介词for地宾语，故选B．47．E 考查固定句型．call打电话，是动词，suggest doing sthing是固定句型，意思是"建议做某事"，结合预猜句意"然后有人建议打电话给eparbati寻求帮助．"，可知填calling，故选E．48．C 考查动词．前面有情态动词could，后面用动词原形，结合预猜句意"他教Parbati骑大象在她会走之前"，可知填walk，故选C．49．D 考查副词．always总是，是副词，修饰动词居住；结合预猜句意"Parbati 并不总是住在森林里"，可知填always，故选D．50．（4分）A．However B．work C．faithful D．Above all E．guide But Parbati doesn't catch elephant just for fun．"My（50）B，"she says，"is to protect man from the elephants，and to keep the elephant safe from man．"And this is exactly what Parbati has been dong for many years．（51）A，the Indian elephant is angry for many years，hunters have attacked it and its home in the forest has been reduced to small pieces of land．It is now fighting back．Whenever wild。

上海区徐汇区2016-2020年五年高考二模英语试题汇编-书面表达专题2020年年年年年年年年年年年年年年年VI. Guided Writing76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你叫王林，你的美国好友John来信说他最近每天晚上玩手机到深夜，导致白天没有精神且食欲不振。

他对此很担心，但又管不住自己，因此写信向你求助。

请你用英语给John写一封回信，谈谈你的想法并给他一些建议。

___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ____【答案】Dear John,I am pleased to receive your letter seeking after my proposals on how to overcome the awful habit of staying up late. Therefore, I am writing to give you a helping hand. From my point of view, there are two accounts for this. For one thing, a habit is easy to form but hard to get rid of. According to the statistics, it may take a person 21 days to cultivate a habit but 90 days to get over it. For another, since mobile phones have become an indispensable part in our daily life, it is absolutely difficult to resist the tempt of it, especially for us adolescents.Here are some humble suggestions for your consideration. First and foremost, you are supposed to switch off your phone and keep your phone away from you before going to bed so that it will not attract you attention. Additionally, if I were you, I would work out properly before going to bed to relax yourself both physically and mentally. Last but not least, it is high time you enhanced your awareness of early sleep. As a classic prover goes that early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.Whichever suggestion you will take, please persevere in it. Hopefully, your problem would be solved soon.Best wishes!Yours,Wang Lin 【解析】【分析】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态多为一般现在时。

2016 年上海高考英语二模完形填空汇编Researchers recently find w omen likely face work environments that push against the “having it all” mentality, leading to feelings of guilt and depression.Trying to have it all could be bad for your mental health, according to a new study that finds that “supermoms” have higher rates of depression compared with working moms who let things 51 .The research, presented Aug. 20 at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association in Las Vegas, finds that working is 52 for mothers’ mental health. But among working mothers, the least depressed are those who don’t expect to 53 work and family life perfectly, said study researcher Katrina Leupp, a graduate student at the University of Washington in Seattle. “The ideal that women can do it all actually 54 the level of depressive symptoms compared to women who were more doubtful about whether or not work and family can be balanced,” Leupp told LiveScience.Leupp analyzed survey 55 from 1,600 married women who participated in a large survey called the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. In 1987, the women answered questions to judge their support of women’s 56 , including whether they agreed with statements such as “Women are much happier if they stay at home and take care of their children.” In 1992 and 1994, the now 40-year-old women answered questions about their symptoms of depression. Like earlier studies, the survey data indicated that women who worked outside the home had fewer symptoms of depression, perhaps because outside work gives women more 57 interaction, more varied activities and a larger income, Leupp said. Among the employed women, though, the cheeriest were those who had indicated in their younger years the least 58 for women balancing career and family. The results held even after controlling for earlier levels of depression. “Somewhat 59 , women who don’t expect to be able to balance work and family have better mental health than those who do,” Leupp said.The study didn’t explain why optimistic (乐观的) views of balancing work and motherhood would60 later depression. “The reason may come down to 61 and real-world work environments,” Leupp said. “Women who expect to have it all probably come up against 62 that aren’t designed with work-life balance in mind. When they can’t balance everything perfectly, these supermoms are more likely to feel 63 .”“I think this research really speaks to a 64 between women’s expectations and the actual structure of the workplace,” Leupp said.“The takeaway for working moms is to temper their optimism about balancing 65 and employment and not to blame themselves if they struggle. Recognize that if it feels difficult, it’s because it is difficult.”51. A. happen B. continue C. slide D. end52. A. good B. ready C. hard D. possible53. A. protect B. share C. illustrate D. combine54. A. increased B. assessed C. reached D. influenced55. A. questions B. responses C. solutions D. instruments56. A. pregnancy B. marriage C. employment D. education57. A. cultural B. social C. positive D. verbal58. A. support B. tolerance C. concern D. respect59. A. deliberately B. aggressively C. ironically D. similarly60. A. result from B. relate to C. hold back D. call for61. A. families B. expectations C. surroundings D. requirements62. A. clubs B. hospitals C. governments D. workplaces63. A. excited B. embarrassed C. thrilled D. frustrated64. A. mismatch B. mistreat C. misunderstanding D. misinterpretation65. A. aging B. training C. schooling D. parentingTwo Newcastle scientists are setting themselves to open our eyes to the medical truth by claiming that natural sunlight may help prevent skin cancer.Dr. Ron Laura, professor of health education at Newcastle University, and senior chemist Mr. John Ashton said their research points to a complete __51______ of the accepted scientific theory. They said that sunscreen creams may help cause skin cancer, the artificial indoor light could be __52_____ and that a range of drugs in common use could also ___53____ melanoma--a type of cancer that appears as a dark spot on the skin.The research is likely to be unwelcome in some traditional medical research circles. It is based on a new __54_____ that our bodies are protected from skin cancer by the regulation of a group of complex vitamins (Vitamin D) and immune process.The sunscreens, artificial light and drugs could all unfavorably affect the production of these vitamins and increase the skin’s __55_____ to the sun. But Dr. Laura said natural sunlight passing through the eyes helped __56_____ the production of cancer protection Vitamin D.He said recent statistics from the United States indicated that people who worked indoors all day in artificial light were more __57_____ melanomas than those who worked outdoors. Indoor workers should try to have at least one hour of __58_____ to direct sunlight every day, ___59_____ in the early morning and late afternoon when ultraviolet intensively was lower, Dr. Laura said.Sunscreens, long __60_____ as essential for beach lovers, could also __61______ the production of Vitamin D. Laura and Ashton said sunscreens give people a __62_____ sense of security in thinking they are __63______ from the sun’s rays.Dr. Laura said more statistics ___64_____ their claim had come to light since the first article was published. He believes his research findings are too important to be __65______ to the scientific world.51. A. contribution B. reversal C. combination D. recognition52. A. beneficial B. comfortable C. harmful D. favorable53. A. promote B. reduce C. remove D. eliminate54. A. assumption B. law C. concept D. theory55. A. sensitivity B. resistance C. adaptation D. response56. A. monitor B. measure C. slow D. stimulate57. A. subject to B. unrelated to C. free of D. dependent on58. A. exercise B. reveal C. exposure D. experience59. A. occasionally B. preferably C. enjoyably D. extremely60. A. received B. popular C. accepted D. identified61. A .balance B. adjust C. prevent D. enhance62. A. false B. strong C. true D. sharp63. A. separated B. protected C. guarded D. prohibited64. A. presenting B. doubting C. backing D. providing65. A. limited B. emphasized C. acknowledged D. explainedHarvard LibraryIf we compare professors and students to the host of a university, then the library of a university can be compared to the hallway. The quality of a university, __51__, is in direct proportion to that of its library. At Harvard, the library is an essential part of everybody’s life. Both the quantity and the __52__ of the library make study a pleasant process.Harvard Library is not only the most ancient library in the United States, but the largest university library with the largest scale. In 1638 John Harvard __53__ his whole library to the then Harvard College. After 300 years of development, the library now holds 10 million books and __54__ more than 100 branch libraries. In addition to the libraries owned by each school, there are some branch libraries that are __55__ in some aspects. While most of the branch libraries are on Harvard campus, some are as far as in Washington, D.C., or even in Florence of Italy. Yenching Library is famous for its __56__ of East Asian literature. Lamont Library is thefirst library in the world that is __57__ for undergraduates. Widener Library is the largest library in Harvard, only second to Library of Congress.What __58__ to be mentioned is the system or rather the service of the libraries. Usually the libraries are open from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.. The main libraries are open until 10 p.m.. The libraries for undergraduates will even be open all night during the __59__ period. The libraries also provide with students the service of __60__ reading materials for all courses. At the beginning of a semester, each teacher will give a list of books to the librarians. The librarians are __61__ to find out these books and put them at the places where students can easily find them.There is no limitation for the number of books that students can borrow. As the space for the library is limited, many books are __62__ in suburban library. Despite this, students can go to fetch the book at the __63__ library within 24 hours after they submit request for that book. Even if there is only one book to be fetched from the suburban library, the libraries on campus will send someone to do the job. This kind of __64__ which put readers in the first place is rare even in Ivy League. Therefore, study at Harvard will be a(n) __65__ experience.51.A.as a result B. to some extent C. on the contrary D. at all timesB. disciplineC. qualityD. prospect53.A. donated B. assigned C. adapted D. distributedB. composesC. involvesD. includesB. differentC. secureD. peculiar56.A.collections B. documents C. phenomena D. exhibitionsB. formallyC. speciallyD. especiallyB. happensC. appearsD. deserves59.A.examination B. experiment C. vacation D. graduation60.A.confirming B. preparing C. selecting D. designingB. willingC. reluctantD. responsibleB. reservedC. storedD. classified63.A.appointed B. accepted C. expected D. restrictedB. serviceC. activityD. responseB. creativeC. positiveD. enjoyableEducation plays an extremely important role in our life and deeply impacts the society. However, how does society influence education?Before understanding the influence of society on education, we must __51__ society. Society is an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization. It is characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals. It is a group of individuals who __52__ a common system of customs, values and laws. From the definition of society, it is clear that we human beings are its building __53__. As we interact with people, try to understand their thinking styles and __54__ patterns, we soon realize that there is so much to learn from them. Society is the greatest __55__ of education. Don’t you think so?We cannot __56__ the impact of society on the education system alone. We need to understand the role of society in the __57__ development of an individual. Even before we become a part of the education system, we start learning from our surroundings. And during the process of formal education, we __58__ take ‘non-formal education’ from society. Yes, our interactions with our fellow-beings, our observations about their social behavior and our understanding of social norms __59__ us to face life. True, educational __60__, like schools, colleges and universities play a very important role in our education. But, we cannot ignore the fact that we learn some of the important lessons of life from society. It would not be an exaggeration to say that the __61__process of learning begins at a point, which marks the end of institutional education. Learning, as an individual, from your interaction with society, is a vital part of education.Society plays an important role in education and influences it, both positively and negatively. Social inequalities and unhealthy educational practices are some of the __62__ influences of society on our lives. Customs and traditions __63__ certain sections of society from exercising their fundamental rights and block the well-being of society, shatter the basic ideas of education and social awareness. Some social groups deny women’s right to education, while others force children to work, depriving(剥夺) them from a healthy environment, conducive to their growth and development. Education is one of the basic human rights. If social norms deprive certain strata(阶层) of society from progressing in life and come in the way of social welfare, it __64__ the purpose of education.Society is an entity that cannot be separated from us. It is we who __65__ the society. It is entirely in our hands whether to add value to our education or devalue it.51. A. know B. define C. recognize D. analyze52. A. share B. invent C. operate D. practice53. A. extents B. blocks C. designs D. expenses54. A. cultural B. traditional C. educational D. behavioral55. A. performer B. supervisor C. facilitator D. opponent56. A. resist B. resolve C. reserve D. restrict57. A. steady B. future C. lasting D. overall58. A. successfully B. desperately C. constantly D. surprisingly59. A. encourage B. impact C. prepare D. impose60. A. circumstances B. contributions C. environments D. organizations61. A. actual B. external C. universal D. available62. A. realistic B. opposing C. practical D. invisible63. A. confirm B. cultivate C. maintain D. prevent64. A. fulfills B. highlights C. defeats D. describes65. A. depend on B. make up C. strive for D. deal withSince Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默病)and Parkinson’s disease(帕金森病) are common and many notable people have developed them, they have received more public attention.Alzheimer’s DiseaseMany people imagine that Alzheimer’s disease, the degenerative (退化的)disorder that eventually leaves sufferers with total memory loss, is an inevitable result of aging. This is not so. While the risks of contracting the disease increase with age, there are many elderly people whose memories are perfect. Most of us are so ill-__51__ about all forms of memory loss that we label everything as “Alzheimer’s ”. Alzheimer’s disease itself can affect people as young as 30 and can progress either quickly or slowly. It can also __52__ the blame for other non-degenerative conditions such as deep depression. __53__, only an examination of the brain tissue during an autopsy (解剖) can produce an accurate __54__ of the disease.The causes of Alzheimer’s are unknown. They may be either __55__ or environmental. A study in 1996 of 13,000 people whose parents or siblings had the disease showed they had five times __56__ chance of passing away by the age of 80 than those with no family history of the problem.__57__, there are other factors. In a study of identical twins, it was found that only about half of the twin pairs developed Alzheimer’s and, when both twins __58__ it, they did so as much as 15 years apart. The possibility that environment plays a part was boosted by another 1996 study, this time of two groups of elderly Japanese men. One group lived in Hawaii, the other group in Japan. The Hawaiian group had a much higher incidence of the disease.Aluminum (铝) has been blamed for the development of Alzheimer’s. This is because a high level aluminum has been found in the brains of sufferers. The disease was first diagnosed at the beginning of the 20th century. It was at this time that aluminum was becoming widely __59__ for use in cooking pots.Memory loss, __60__ in performing familiar tasks, and problems with abstract thinking are all indicators of the beginning of the disease. One unusual feature is its impact on language. It attacks nouns first, then verbs. Grammar is one of the last things to go.Parkinson’s DiseaseParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive disorder of the central nervous system w hich __61__ more than one million Americans. Individuals with PD lack the substance dopamine (多巴胺), which is __62__ for the central nervous system’s control of muscle activity. Parkinson’s Disease is often characterized by shake, inflexibility in limbs and joints, speech disability and difficulty in __63__ physical movement. Late in the course of the disease, some patients develop dementia (痴呆症) and eventually Alzheimer’s disease. __64__, some Alzheimer patients develop symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Medi cations such as levodopa (左多巴), which changes itself into dopamine once inside the brain, which prevents degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons (神经细胞), are used to improve diminished or __65__ motor symptoms in PD patients, but do not correct the mental changes that occur.51. A. judged B. equipped C. informed D. advised52. A. take B. put C. lay D. hold53. A. On the other hand B. For example C. After all D. In the end54. A. description B. demonstration C. diagnosis D. illustration55. A. natural B. instinctual C. genetic D. internal56. A. slighter B. fainter C. less D. more57. A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Finally58. A. came up with B. did away with C. went down with D. put up with59. A. available B. valuable C. memorable D. inaccessible60. A. complaint B. difficulty C. ease D. complexity61. A. touch B. influence C. concern D. affect62. A. important B. unimportant C. priceless D. worthless63. A. stopping B. changing C. initiating D. controlling64. A. Additionally B. Contrarily C. Consequently D. Particularly65. A. treated B. showed C. released D. reducedAccording to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns award 51 on one or both of the parents. In other 52 , such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of53 . In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent 54 that the re is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have 55 ; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has 56 that meet the needs of that particular group.Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, r esearch suggests that there are typically two different leadership 57 that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the 58 of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership t hat emphasizes the 59 wellb eing of a social group’s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing 60 support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them.Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may 61 group members who prevent accomplishment of the group’s goals. Express ive leaders cultivate a more 62 or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer 63 when someone experiences difficulties. And they try to 64 issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal 65 from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.51. A. burden B. leadership C. housework D. right52. A. families B. societies C. cases D. researches53. A. selection B. struggle C. recommendation D. register54. A. evidence B. support C. approach D. pattern55. A. in advance B. in brief C. in general D. in common56. A. partners B. achievements C. skills D. qualities57. A. selections B. roles C. challenges D. structures58. A. assignment B. introduction C. completion D. division59. A. joint B. financial C. social D. individual60. A. political B. administrative C. emotional D. technical61. A. discipline B. praise C. ignore D. identify62. A. casual B. temporary C. personal D. stable63. A. criticism B. sympathy C. estimate D. information64. A. omit B. confuse C. raise D. resolve65. A. imitation B. affection C. objection D. revengeThe survey about childhood in the Third World shows that the struggle for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can suffer from a different kind of poverty — of the spirit. 51 , one Western country alone now sees 14, 000 attempted suicides ( 自杀) every year by children under 15, and one child 52 five needs psychiatric (心理) advice.There are many good things about 53 in the Third World. Take the close and constant relation between children and their parents, relatives and neighbours for example. In the West, the very nature of work puts distance between 54 and children. But in most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to work in offices. 55 , the child sees mother and father, relations and neighbours working 56 and often shares in that work.A child 57 in this way learns his or her role through joining in the community's work : helping to dig or build, look after animals or babies --- rather than through playing with water and sand in kindergarten, keeping pets 58 playing with dolls.These children may grow up with a less oppressive sense of space and time than the westernchildren. Their sense of days and time has a lot to do with the change of seasons and positions ofthe sun or the moon in the sky. Children in the rich world, 59 , are provided with a watch as one of the 60 signs of growing up, so that they can 61 along with their parents about being late for school times, meal times, bed times, the times of TV shows.Third World children do not usually 62 to stay indoors, still less in highrise apartments(公寓) . Instead of dangerous roads, "keep off the grass" signs and "don't speak to strangers", there is often a sense of 63 to study and play. Parents can see their children outside rather than observe them 64 from ten floors up.65 , twelve million children under five still die every year through hunger and disease. But childhood in the Third World is not all bad.51. A. As usual B. For instance C. In fact D. In other words52. A. by B. in C. to D. under53. A. childhood B. poverty C. spirit D. survival54. A. adults B. fathers C. neighbours D. relatives55. A. Anyhow B. However C. Instead D. Still56. A. away B. alone C. along D. nearby57. A. growing up B. living through C. playing D. working58. A. and B. but C. or D. so59. A. at any moment B. at the same time C. on the other hand D. on the whole60. A. easiest B. earliest C. happiest D. quickest61. A. care B. fear C. hurry D. worry62. A. dare B. expect C. have D. require63. A. control B. danger C. disappointment D. freedom64. A. anxiously B. eagerly C. impatiently D. proudly65. A. Above all B. In the end C. Of course D. What'sFeeling good about our actions — not guilt or pity— motivates giving, according to the latest research.51 seeing or hearing about suffering children makes most people uncomfortable, that grief is not what drives them to dig into their pockets and donate. The reasons people decide to be selfless, it turns out,may be slightly more 52 .In the study, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, researchers found that people are more likely to give when they think it will make them feel better. They donate, 53 , when they feel hope about putting smiles on those expectant and suffering faces. And that hope, or similar feel-good sensations, are driven by the brain’s reward systems.Researchers — and charities — have long known that putting a(n) 54 face on an abstract problem opens hearts and wallets. Josef Stalin once said that while one death is a(n) 55 , a million is merely a number. Studies have since found that quantifying the size of a disaster or particular need actually 56 giving, while presenting a single story is more likely to cause a desire to help.But it wasn’t clear whether this “identifiable victim” effect resulted from people’s 57 over their own privilege and resources — or from a sense of connection with the 58 and an urge to feel good about making a difference.To find out, researchers led by Alexander Genevsky, a graduate student in psychology at Stanford, imaged the brains of 22 young adults. In the scanner, they saw either a silhouette (剪影) or a head shot of a young African child. As in previous studies, participants were far more likely to give if they saw a face than a blank silhouette—donating almost twice as much in photo trials than in the others. However, this decision was related strongly to their 59 . If they showed little activity in their nucleus accumbens—a brain region linked to every type of pleasurable experience— they were actually less likely to give. But if there is a sharp 60 of activity in this reward area, they felt good and gave more. And the photos of the children were more likely to 61 this reward center. Activity in the accumbens, in fact, completely 62 the difference in giving seen between the silhouette-based requests and the photo-based ones.While the findings point to the feel-good 63 behind giving, other research will have to address the question of why givers get that positive emotional boost. Do people feel rewarded when they give because they think about the happiness of the recipient — or do they feel good because they see themselves as 64 and that self-esteem boost (自信心增强) is mood-enhancing? Such information could help charities 65 their messages to maximize their effectiveness.51. A. Since B. Although C. If D. As52. A. passive B. earnest C. impersonal D. selfish53. A. for example B. on the contrary C. as a result D. on the other hand54. A. plain B. ugly C. specific D. frightened55. A. accident B. threat C. solution D. tragedy56. A. ruins B. stimulates C. lowers D. skips57. A. anger B. guilt C. regret D. joy58. A. desire B. mind C. victim D. stuff59. A. actions B. beliefs C. images D. emotions60. A. edge B. rise C. turn D. division61. A. monitor B. target C. activate D. interrupt62. A. resulted from B. counted on C. accounted for D. subjected to63. A. motivations B. compliment s C. ambitions D. requests64. A. executive B. justified C. innocent D. generous65. A. conceal B. tailor C. obtain D. deleteThere are many things parents can do to help children with autism (自闭症) overcome their challenges. Learning all you can about autism and getting __51__ in treatment will go a long way toward helping your child. Additionally, the following tips will make daily home life easier for both you and your autistic child:•Be consistent（一致的）.Children with autism have a hard time __52__ what they’ve learned if there is a change of setting. For example, your child may use sign language at school to communicate, but never think to do so at home. Creating __53__ in your child’s environment is the best way to reinforce learning. Find out what your child’s therapists are doing and continue their techniques at home. Explore the __54__ of having therapy take place in morethan one place in order to encourage your child to __55__ what he or she has learned from one environment to another. It’s also important to be consistent in the way you __56__ with your child and deal with challenging behaviors.•__57__ a schedule. Children with autism tend to do best when they have a highly-structured schedule or routine. Again, this goes back to the consistency they both need and crave. Set up a schedule for your child, with __58__ times for meals, therapy, school, and bedtime. Try to keep disturbance to this routine to a __59__. If there is an unavoidable schedule change, prepare your child for it __60__.•__61__ good behavior. Positive reinforcement can go a long way with children with autism, so make an effort to “catch them doing something good.” Praise them when they act appropria tely or learn a new skill, being very __62__ about what behavior they’re being praised for.•Pay attention to your child’s sensory sensitivities. Many children with autism are hypersensitive to light, sound, touch, taste, and smell. Other children with autism are “under-sensitive” to sensory stimuli. __63__ what sights, sounds, smells and movements cause your kid’s “bad” or disruptive behaviors and what brings about a(n) __64__ response.If you understand what affects your child, you’ll be better at solving problems, preventing situations that cause difficulties, and creating __65__ experiences.51. A. encouraged B. balanced C. absorbed D. involved52. A. applying B. devoting C. communicating D. appealing53. A. attraction B. comfort C. steadiness D. attention54. A. possibility B. goal C. process D. solution55. A. transplant B. transfer C. transport D. transform56. A. meet B. interact C. negotiate D. associate57. A. Draw up B. Arrange for C. Work out D. Stick to58. A. regular B. flexible C. appropriate D. normal59. A. decrease B. mystery C. minimum D. secret60. A. without doubt B. in private C. without notice D. in advance61. A. Control B. Perform C. Reward D. Maintain62. A. curious B. specific C. particular D. anxious63. A. Figure out B. Account for C. Put up D. Take on64. A. automatic B. immediate C. positive D. quick65. A. frustrating B. successful C. professional D. unpleasantA driving goal for most websites is for that site to be easily found by people looking for the products or services. One of the ways people may find these sites is via a search engine. With this in mind, companies obviously want their websites to ___51___ search engines as well.First of all, website content should be unique and timely. Only quality content ensures that customers will ___52___ your website and also recommend it to friends via links or through social channels. This act of sharing not only gives your site more chances of public ___53___ but it also helps to push up your search engine rankings, which extends huge psychological implication to other engine users as people tend to ___54___Now famous search engines such as Google use mobile friendliness as a ranking signal in their ranking algorithm(算法). Therefore, if your site is not ___55___for mobile devices, you are offering a less than ideal experience to some users and in result search engines will take the ___56___ into account.Another key ranking signal that Google and other search engines ___57___heavily is page speed and overall site performance. If your site is loaded with too many high-resolution images and videos or other elements, muchviewing time will be caused. These will makesluggish, slow loading that frustrate and often drive away visitors. It’s time to ___58___ thepage size as all the visitors appreciatefaster download. Some are。

One【2016届上海市虹口区高三英语二模试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Scientists Detect Gravitational WavesWhat is gravitational waves(引力波)? Scientists havefor the first time observed ripples in the fabric of space time(时空涟漪) called gravitational waves, arriving at the earthfrom a severely destructive event in the distant universe. Itconfirms a major prediction of Albert Einstein’s 1915 generaltheory of relativity and opens a unique new window onto theuniverse, according to a group of scientists at a press conference in Washington on Thursday.“This is truly scientific moonshot. We did it. We landed on the moon,” declared David Reitz, executive director of the LIGO Laboratory at Caltech, at the conference in the National Press Club.According to the National Science Foundation (NSF) experts, gravitational waves carry information about their dramatic origins and about the nature of gravity that cannot be obtained from elsewhere. Physicists have concluded that the detected gravitational waves were produced during the final fraction of a second(千分之一秒) of the combination of two black holes to produce a single, much bigger turning black hole. This fierce shock of two black holes had been predicted but never observed by NSF.The gravitational waves were detected on Sept 14, 2015 at 5:51 am EDT by both of the twin Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors, located in Livingston, Louisiana, and Hanford, Washington.Based on the observed signals, LIGO scientists estimate that the black holes for this event were about 29 and 36 times the weight of the sun, and the event took place 1.3 billion years ago.About three times the weight of the sun was changed into gravitational waves in a fraction of a second -- with a peak power output about 50 times that of the whole visible universe. By looking at the time of arrival of the signals -- the detector in Livingston recorded the event 7 milliseconds (毫秒) before the detector in Hanford -- scientists can say that the source was located in the Southern Hemisphere, according to a press release from NSF, which funded the research.This new LIGO discovery is the first observation of gravitational waves themselves, made by measuring the tiny disturbances the waves make to space and time as they pass through the earth. “Our observation of gravitational waves accomplishes an ambitious goal set out over five decades ago to directly detect this puzzling phenomenon and better understand the universe, and, properly, fulfills Einstein’s prediction on the 100th anniversary of his general theory of relativity,” Reitze said.74. By saying “This is truly scientific moonshot. We did it. We landed on the moon,” what doesDavid Reitz mean?A. We humans truly landed on the moon this time.B. The theory of relativity was not proved until today.C. Gravitational waves arrived at the earth in the end.D. Scientists successfully observed gravitational waves.75. What do NSF experts talk about in the third paragraph?A. Gravitational waves carry information about the origins of nature.B. The nature of gravity cannot be obtained from gravitational waves.C. The combination of two black holes can produce a single, much bigger turning black hole.D. Gravitational waves only appear at the final fraction of a second of the shock of two black holes.76. According to the observed signals, LIGO scientists find out that ______.A. the two black holes which brought about this event were much bigger than the sunB. about three times the weight of the sun became gravitational waves in this eventC. the event produced by the observed signals took place 1.3 billion years agoD. the peak power output was about 50 times that of the whole universe77. From this passage, a conclusion can be drawn that ______.A. gravitational waves can make disturbances to space and timeB. Einstein predicted the observed gravitational waves in the universeC. gravitational waves is not a puzzling phenomenon to the world any moreD. this new LIGO discovery was made to test the general theory of relativitySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)When I returned to the common, the sun was setting. The crowd around the hole had increased, and stood out black against the lemon yellow of the sky—a couple of hundred people, perhaps. There were really, I should think, two or three hundred people elbowing one another, the one or two ladies there being by no means the least active. “He’s fallen in the hole!” cried someone. “Keep back!” said several. The crowd moved a little, and I elbowed my way through. Everyone seemed greatly excited. I heard a peculiar humming sound from the hole.“I say!”said Ogilvy; “help keep these idiots back. We don’t know what’s in the puzzling thing, you know!”The end of the cylinder(圆柱体) was being screwed out from within. I turned, and as I did so the screw（螺丝钉）must have come out, for the lid of the cylinder fell upon the ground with a ringing shock. For a moment that circular cavity seemed perfectly black. I had the sunset in my eyes.I think everyone expected to see a man emerge—possibly something a little unlike us earthly men, but in all essentials a man. But, looking, I presently saw something exciting within the shadow: clumsy movements, one above another, and then two disc-like eyes. Then something resembling a grey snake, about the thickness of a walking stick, climbed up out of the twisting middle, and moved in the air towards me—and then another.A sudden chill came over me. I stood frightened and staring. A big gray rounded bulk, thesize, perhaps, of a bear, was rising slowly and painfully out of the cylinder. As it bulged up and caught the light, it looked like wet leather.Anyone who has never seen a living Martian can scarcely imagine the strange horror of its appearance. The peculiar V-shaped mouth with its pointed upper lip, the absence of brow ridges, the Gorgon groups of tentacles(触手), the unstable breathing of the lungs in a strange atmosphere, the evident heaviness and painfulness of movement due to the greater gravitational energy of the earth—above all, the extraordinary intensity of the huge eyes, which was unforgettable—were at once vital, intense, inhuman, and monstrous. There was something fungoid in the oily brown skin, something in the clumsy deliberation of the tedious movements unspeakably nasty. Even at this first encounter, this first glimpse, I was overcome with disgust and dread.73. Why was the crowd “elbowing one another” according to paragraph 1?A. There were no officials to control them.B. They were curious and wanted to get a good view of the hole.C. They were angry and trying to push people into the hole.D. They were trying to get away from the hole in fear.74. The Martian shocked the narrator because__________.A. it did not look like the other Martians that had arrived earlierB. it arrived on Earth in a strange and nasty-looking cylinderC. it was moving surprisingly slowly for a MartianD. like most people, he had thought it would resemble a human75. A “sudden chill”（paragraph 5）came over the narrator because________.A. the Martian was heading directly towards the crowdB. a cold tentacle had almost reached the narratorC. he saw the Martian’s terrifying features as it climbed out of the cylinderD. the sun had set and he suddenly noticed the night-time chill76. What did the narrator find most impressive about the creature?A. The horrible shape of its mouth and face.B. Its long and strange tentacles.C. The way it moved in the Earth’s atmosphere.D. Its unusual large and intense eyes.77. The description of the Martians implies that they are _______.A. cute and charmingB. friendly and cooperativeC. frightening and probably dangerousD. ugly but unluckily misunderstoodThree【2016届上海市浦东新区高三英语二模试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)In the 1990s, when an area of Brazilian rainforest the size ofBelgium was cut down every year, Brazil was the world’senvironmental villain(反派角色) and the Amazonian jungle theimage of everything that was going wrong in green places. Now,the Amazon ought to be the image of what is going right.Government figures show that deforestation fell by 70% in theBrazilian Amazon region during the past decade. If clearances had continued at their rate in 2005, an extra 3.2 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide would have been put into the atmosphere. That is an amount equal to a year’s emissions from the European Union. Arguably, then, Brazil is now the world leader in addressing climate change.But how did it break the vicious cycle(恶性循环)? The answer, according to a paper is that there was no silver bullet but instead a three-stage process in which bans, better governance in frontier areas and consumer pressure on companies worked.The first stage ran from the mid-1990s to 2004. This was when the government put its efforts into bans and restrictions. The Brazilian Forest Code said that, on every farm in the Amazon, 80% of the land had to be set aside as a forest reserve. As the study observes, this share was so highthat the code could not be followed—or enforced. This was the period of the worst deforestation. Soybean prices were high and there was a vast expansion of soybean farming on the south-eastern border of the rainforest.During the second stage, which ran from 2005 to 2009, the government tried to boost its ability to police the Amazon. Brazil’s president made stopping deforestation a priority, which resulted in better co-operation between different bits of the government. The area in which farming was banned was increased from a sixth to nearly half of the forest.The third stage, which began in 2009, was a test of whether a system of restrictions could survive as soybean expansion continued. The government shifted its focus from farms to counties (each state has scores of these). Farmers in the 36 counties with the worst deforestation rates were banned from getting cheap credit until those rates fell.By any standards, Brazil’s Amazon policy has been a success, made the more remarkable because it relied on restrictions rather than rewards, which might have been expected to have worked better. Over the period of the study, Brazil also turned itself into a farming superpower, so the country has shown it is possible to get a huge increase in food output without destroying the forest. Moreover, the policies so far have been successful among commercial farmers who care about the law and respond to market pressures. Most remaining deforestation is by small holders who care rather less about these things, so the government faces the problem of persuading them to change their ways, too. Deforestation has been slowed, but not yet stopped.73. Brazil is considered to play a leading role in dealing with climate change because ______.A. it has rainforest as large as BelgiumB. it has cut down too much rainforestC. it has taken action to reduce deforestationD. it sent 3.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the air74. The underlined phrase “silver bullet” in Paragraph 2 most probably refers to______.A. a powerful weaponB. an effective solutionC. an intelligent deviceD. a golden opportunity75. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. 80% of the farmland was allowed for farming in the 1st stage.B. Soybean prices went up where farming land was expanded.C. The government hired more policemen in the Amazon area.D. The government enlarged its range of supervision in the 3rd stage.76. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Brazil has successfully eliminated deforestation.B. All the farmers care much about forest protection.C. Small farm holders are a headache for the Brazilian government.D. Both the food output and the forest in Brazil have greatly increased.77. What can be the best title of the passage?A. Cutting Down on Cutting DownB. Brazil, the World Leader in FarmingC. Restrictions Outperforming RewardsD. Former Awareness Working WondersSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Lindsay Renwick, the mayor of Deniliquin, a country town in New South Wales, misses the constant whir (嗡嗡声) of the rice mill whose giant fans dried the rice. The Deniliquin mill, the largest rice mill in the Southern Hemisphere (南半球), once processed enough grain to meet the needs of 20 million people globally. But six years of drought have had a destructive effect, reducing Australia’s rice crop by 98 percent and lea ding to the mothballing of the mill last December.Drought affects every agriculture industry based in Australia, not just rice –from sheep farming, the country’s other backbone, to the cultivation of grapes for wine, the fastest-growingcrop there, with that expansion often coming at the expense of rice. The drought’s effect on rice has produced the greatest impact on the rest of the world, so far. It is one factor contributing to skyrocketing prices, and many scientists believe it is among the earliest signs that a warming planet is starting to affect food production.Researchers are looking for solutions to global rice shortages – for example, rice that blooms earlier in the day, when it is cooler, to fight against global warming. Rice plants that happen to bloom on hot days are less likely to produce grains of rice, a difficulty that is already starting to emerge in inland areas of China and other Asian countries as temperatures begin to climb. “There will be problems very soon unless we have new varieties of rice in place,” said Reiner Wassmann, climate change director at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The recent reports on climate change carried a warning that could make the news even worse: that existing models for the effects of climate change on agriculture did not yet include newer findings that global warming could reduce rainfall and make it more variable.Yet the effects of climate change are not uniformly bad for rice. Rising concentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, can actually help rice – although the effect reduces or disappears if the plants face unnecessary heat, inadequate water, severe pollution or other stresses. Still, the flexibility of farmers here has persuaded some climate experts that, particularly in developed countries, the effects of climate change may be relieved, if not completely avoided. “I’m not as negative as most people,” said Will Steffen, director of the Fenner School of Environment and Society at Australian National University. “Farmers are learning how to do things differently.”Meanwhile, changes like the use of water to grow wine grapes instead of rice carry their own costs, as the developing world is discovering. “Rice is an essential food,” said Graeme Haley, the general manager of the town of Deniliquin. “Wine is not.”73. By “the mothballing of the mill” (in Paragraph 1) the author most probably means the mill is______.A. kept unprocessedB. left unusedC. being entirely restoredD. being pushed round74. To find the ways to cope with the global rice shortage, researchers are ______.A. seeking new types of rice which could bloom at a lower temperatureB. building greenhouses which could provide more heat for rice to growC. studying climate changes in China which may affect rice growing in AsiaD. looking for alternative agriculture industries which may take the place of rice75. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. Rice plants are fond of higher temperature in the process of growing.B. Global warming has shown few signs of influence on agriculture.C. Rice prices are rising steadily owing to the crop failure in Australia.D. Global warming may contribute to more complicated weather conditions.76. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. Australia is the largest rice producing country around the worldB. most people look on the bright side of the flexibility of farmersC. climate changes have simply brought negative effects to people’s livesD. wine grape cultivation has threatened the rice production in Australia77. Which of the following best serves as the title of the passage?A. Rice shortage and wine boomB. Drought, the enemy of rice productionC. Rice crisis and its solutionD. Rice issue, a focus of the public attentionSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Women are still underrepresented in top academic positions. One of the possible explanations for this is the increasing importance of obtaining research funding. Women are often less successful in this than men. Psychology researchers Dr. Romy van der Lee and professor Naomi Ellemers investigated whether this difference also occurs at the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and examined potential explanations.The researchers were assigned by NWO to carry out this study as part of the broader evaluation of NWO's procedures and its gender diversity policy. The aim was to gain more insight into the causes of the differences in awarding rates for male and female applicants for research funding. The analysis addressed an important “talent programme” of NWO, the Veni grant. “Whoever receives this grant has a greater chance of obtaining an important appointment at a university,” says Naomi Ellemers.Van der Lee and Ellemers investigated all the applications submitted by male and female researchers over a period of three years: a total of 2823 applications. Under the direction of NWO these applications were assessed by scientific committees consisting of men and women. The results demonstrate that the awarding rates for female applicants (14.9%) are systematically lower than those for male applicants (17.7%). “If we compare the proportion of women among the applicants with the proportion of women among those awarded funding, we see a loss of 4%,” said Ellemers.The study reveals that women are less positively evaluated for their qualities as researcher than men are. “Interestingly the research proposals of women and men are evaluated equally positively. In other words, the reviewers see no difference in the quality of the proposals that men and women submi t,” says Romy van der Lee.In search for a possible cause for the differences in awarding rates and evaluations, the researchers also investigated the language use in the instructions and forms used to assess the quality of applications. This clearly revealed the occurrence of gendered language. The words that are used to indicate quality are frequently words that were established in previous research as referring mainly to the male gender stereotype (such as challenging and excellent). Romy van der Lee exp lains: “As a result, it appears that men more easily satisfy the assessment criteria, because these better fit the characteristics stereotypically associated with men.”In response to the results of this research, NWO will devote more attention to the gender awareness of reviewers in its methods and procedures. It will also be investigated which changes to the assessment procedures and criteria can most strongly contribute to more equal chances for men and women to obtain research funding. This will include an examination of the language used by NWO. NWO chair Jos Engelens said, “The research has yielded valuable results and insights. Based on the recommendations made by the researchers we will therefore focus in the comingperiod on the development of evidence-based measures to reduce the difference in awarding rates.”74. Van der Lee and Ellemers carried out the research to find out whether ____________.A. women are less successful than men in top academic positionsB. female applicants are at a disadvantage in getting research fundingC. NOW’s procedures and gender diversity policy enhance fair playD. there are equal chances for men and women to be admitted to a university75. Van der Lee and Ellemers’ study shows that _____________.A. grant receivers were more likely to get appointments at universitiesB. men applicants for research funding outnumbered women applicantsC. the research proposals of women are equally treated with those of menD. the reviewers have narrow, prejudiced conceptions of women candidates76. What might be the main cause for the differences in awarding rates and evaluations?A. The words used in the instructions and forms.B. T he reviewers’ preference to applications.C. The methods and procedures for evaluation.D. The vague and unclear assessment criteria.77. What will NWO probably do next in response to the results of this research?A. Eliminate possibilities for difference in awarding rates.B. Design a language examination for all the reviewers.C. Emphasize the importance of gender awareness.D. Improve the assessment procedures and criteria.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the contributions of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newly formed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the best contemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these contributions. During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the efforts of female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their male counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, and they were uncritical in their selection and use of sources.During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists (女权主义者) showed a keen sense of history by keeping records of activities in which women were engaged. National, regional, and local women’s organizations a ssembled accounts of their doings. Personal correspondence (通信), newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and stored. These sources from the core of the two greatest collections of women’s history in the United States, one at the Elizabeth and Arthur Schlesinger Library at RadclifféCollege, and the other the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. Such sources have provided valuable materials for later generations of historians.Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth century, most of the writing about women confo rmed to the “great women” theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on “great men”. To demonstrate that women were making significant contributions to American life, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies, or else important women produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women’s right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.74. What is the passage mainly about?A. The role of literature in early American histories.B. The place of American women in written histories.C. The keen sense of history shown by American women.D. The “great women” approach to history used by American historians.75. In the 1st paragraph, Bradstreet, Warren, and Adams are mentioned to show that ________.A. a woman’s status was changed by marriageB. even the contributions of outstanding women were ignoredC. only three women were able to get their writing publishedD. poetry produced by women was more readily accepted than other writing by women76. In the 2nd paragraph, what weakness in 19th-century histories does the author point out?A. They put too much emphasis on daily activities.B. They left out discussion of the influence of money on politics.C. They were printed on poor-quality paper.D. The sources of the information they were based on were not necessarily accurate.77. What use was made of the 19th-century women’s history materials in the SchlesingerLibrary and the Sophia Smith Collection?A. They were combined and published in a multivolume encyclopedia.B. They formed the basis of college courses in the nineteenth century.C. They provided valuable information for twentieth-century historical researchers.D. They were shared among women’s colleges throughout the United State s.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)What we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art, or mathematics during pregnancy seem totally impossible. How could such extremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child? There is no connection between their nervous systems. Even the blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly. An emotional shock to the mother will affect her child, because it changes the activity of her glands (腺体) and so the chemistry of her blood. Any chemical change in the mother's blood will affect the child for better or worse. But we can not see how a looking for mathematics or poetic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce a similar liking or genius in the child.In our discussion of instincts we saw that there was reason to believe that whatever we inherit must be of some very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior. It is certain that no one inherits a knowledge of mathematics. It may be, however, that children inherit more or less of a rather general ability that we may call intelligence. If very intelligent children become deeply interested in mathematics, they will probably make a success of that study.As for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or the vocal organs connections between nerves and muscles that make it comparatively easy to learn the movements a musician must execute, and particularly vigorous emotions. If these factors are all organized around music, the child may become a musician. The same factors, in other circumstance might be organized about some other center of interest. The rich emotional equipment might find expression in poetry. The capable fingers might develop skill in surgery. It is not the knowledge of music that is inherited, then nor even the love of it, but a certain bodily structure that makes it comparatively easy to acquire musical knowledge and skill. Whether that ability shall be directed toward music or some other undertaking may be decided entirely by forces in the environment in which a child grows up.74.Which of the following statements is not true?A. Some mothers try to influence their unborn children by studying art and other subjectsduring their pregnancy.。

2016学年第二学期徐汇区高三模拟考英语试卷2017.4I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. He knows who is knocking. B. He is eager to know who it is.C. He doesn’t want to open the door.D. He is ready to open the door.2. A. By plane. B. By bus. C. By taxi. D. By train.3. A. $100. B. $200. C. $300. D. $400.4. A. She went to cinema. B. She went to an exhibition.C. She stayed at home.D. She stayed with her classmates.5. A. In a doctor’s office. B. In a professor’s office.C. In an operating room.D. In an emergency ward.6. A. The man paid the tuition for learning physics. B. The man got a lot of money for his hard work.C. His hard work was not rewarding at all.D. His work before the test led to a good result.7. A. A furnished house. B. A recent book. C. A further study. D. A new record.8. A. They will go swimming. B. They will climb mountains.C. They will buy some clothes.D. They will forecast the weather conditions.9. A. He has another lecture to attend.B. He has no interest in the lecture.C. He’s attended the same lecture given by Professor Wilson before.D. He might miss the lecture, if the woman didn’t remind him.10.A. She fully agrees with the man. B. They are uncertain about the weather.C. She disagrees with the man.D. She thought the man was always late.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. People are encouraged to be a craftsman.B. Learning woodworking is not as hard as you think.C. Learning woodworking will help you know more people.D. Taking a class in woodworking will be very helpful.12. A. Because I am a talent in this art and want to share it with others.B. Because I am interested in it and want to show it to others.C. Because I wonder how to pick materials and how to do it well.D. Because it’s a good way to know more people interested in it.13. A. You can expect to do woodworking perfectly the very first time.B. Doing woodworking means being alone for long.C. You can also learn from other people interested in woodworking.D. Taking a class in woodworking costs a lot of money.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To analyze causes and effects of using a credit card.B. To encourage people to borrow money from banks.C. To let people know the responsibility in using a credit card.D. To present the effect of computers in popularizing the use of credit cards.15. A. The development of computers.B. People’s greediness for more money.C. People’s needs for less paper money.D. People’s learning to be more responsible.16. A. To learn to be responsible by using credit cards.B. To stop using credit cards and borrow money from friends or relatives.C. To pay money back as fast as possible after using credit cards.D. To stop borrowing money and use your own funds for shopping.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A newspaper. B. An advertisement company.C. A cleanup company.D. A market.18. A. She wants to spare more room for something new.B. She wants to turn their old stuff into cash at a low cost.C. She knows that the sales consultant before the man does.D. She just wants to clean up their house.19. A. Rudy is likely to buy their stuff.B. Rudy will come and take their stuff away.C. Rudy plays guitar as well as the man.D. Rudy will help them with the ad and the sale.20. A. His old guitar. B. Their appliances, jewelry, furniture and exercise equipment.C. The spring cleanup sale.D. The low cost of ad and friendly service.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it (21) _____ it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is absolutely dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as tough a training to become a performer as a medical student needs (22) ______（become）a doctor. Most training is concerned (23) _____ technique, for musicians have to be as muscularly skillful as an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords（声带）would be inadequate without (24) ______（control）muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow back and forth with the right arm, (25) ______ are two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists (26) ______（spare）this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for (27) ______ . But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string must be dealt with carefully not to sound like drum or bass, and each tone, even if played very fast, has to sound clear.The problem (28) ______（face）student conductors is that they have to learn to know every note of the music and (29) ______ it should sound, and they need to aim at controlling these sound with enthusiastic but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music (30) ______ they can enjoy performing works written in any century.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once.I had the pleasure of teaching Sara in her 11th grade honors English class at Mark Twain High School. From the first day of class, Sara impressed me with her ability to clearly explain difficult (31) _______ and texts, her sensitivity to the slight differences within literature, and her passion for reading, writing, and creative expression—both in and out of the classroom. Sara is a talented literary critic and poet, and she has my highest (32) _______ as a student and writer.Sara is talented at considering the elegances within literature and the (33) ______ behind authors' works. She produced an extraordinary year-long thesis paper on creative identity development, in which she compared works from three different time periods and synthesized cultural and historical (34) _______ to inform her analysis. When called upon to give her thesis defense in front of her peers, Sara spoke clearly and (35) _______ about her conclusions and responded to questions in a thoughtful way. Outside of the classroom, Sara is devoted to her literary pursuits, especially to poetry. She publishes her poetry in ourschool's literary magazine, as well as in online magazines. She is an insightful, sensitive, and deeply self-aware individual driven to (36)______art, writing, and a deeper understanding of the human condition.Throughout the year Sara was an active participant in our discussions, and she always supported her peers. Her caring nature and personality allow her to work well with others in a team setting, as she always respects others' opinions even when they differ from her own. When we held a class debate about gun laws, Sara chose to speak for the side opposite her own views. She explained her choice as (37) _______ by a desire to put herself in other people's shoes, view the issues from a new perspective, and gain a clearer sense of the issue from all angles. Throughout the year, Sara (38) _______ this openness to the opinions, feelings, and perspectives of others, along with sharp powers of observation, all (39) _______ that make her outstanding as a student of literature and burgeoning writer.I am certain that Sara is going to continue to do great and creative things in her future. I highly recommend her for admission to your undergraduate program. She is talented, caring, dedicated, and focused in her pursuits. Sara consistently seeks out (40) _______ feedback so she can improve her writing skills, which is a rare and impressive quality in a high school student. Sara is truly a stand-out individual who will impress everyone she meets. Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions at . Sincerely,Ms. ScribeEnglish TeacherMark Twain High SchoolIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Paris agreement to fight climate change became international law Friday. The landmark deal aims to deal with global warming among growing (41)______ that the world is becoming hotter even faster than scientists expected.So far, 96 countries, accounting for just over two-thirds of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, have formally joined the agreement, which (42)______ to limit global warming this century to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above what it was before machines and (43)______ appeared in the late 1700s. The United States (44) ______ entered into the agreement in September, and more countries are expected to come aboard in the coming weeks and months.United Nations Secretary General Ban-Ki Moon celebrated the event, talking with nongovernmental groups at U.N. headquarters in New York to hear their concerns and (45)______ for the future.“This is an emotional moment for me. It is a credit to all of you. And it is (46)______ for the world,” Ban said in his opening remarks.He praised the (47)______ for getting hundreds of millions of people to back fighting climate change but (48)______ the outcome remained uncertain.“We are still in a race (49)______ time. We need to move on to a low-emission and climate-sustainable future,” Ban added.Scientists praised the speed at which the agreement, signed by 192 parties last December in Paris, hascome into force, saying it shows a new commitment by the international community to (50)_____ a problem that is melting polar ice caps, sending sea levels (51)______and transforming vast areas into desert.“(52)______ the real effect of the agreement after it goes into effect is still uncertain, it is a simple sign that the international society is much more open to alter economic and political behavior to control climate change, which is (53)______ positive,” said Feng Qi, executive director of the School of Environmental and Sustainability Sciences at Kean University in New Jersey.Scientists and (54)______ say the agreement is the first step of a much longer and complicated process of reducing the use of fossil fuels, which currently (55) ______ the majority of the planet’s energy needs and also are the primary drivers of global warming.41. A. applicants B. fears C. observations D. comments42. A. seeks B. allows C. assumes D. seizes43. A. institutions B. laboratories C. committees D. factories44. A. formally B. instantly C. particularly D. generally45. A. prejudices B. approaches C. visions D. concepts46. A. spiritual B. historic C. appropriate D. valueless47. A. agreements B. groups C. headquarters D. emissions48. A. apologized B. denied C. warned D. overlooked49. A. against B. on C. for D. without50. A. avoid B. find C. address D. ignore51. A. falling B. rising C. disappearing D. remaining52. A. Until B. Since C. If D. While53. A. under no circumstances B. on the contraryC. in no caseD. by all means54. A. officers B. policymakers C. employers D. technicians55. A. remove B. preserve C. supply D. restoreSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AI used to think ants knew what they were doing. The ones marching acrossmy kitchen counter looked so confident; I just figured they had a plan, knewwhere they were going and what needed to be done. How else could antsorganize highways, build elaborate nests, launch impressive attacks, and do allthe other things ants do?Turns out I was wrong. Ants aren’t clever little engineers, architects, or soldiers after all --- at least not as individuals. When it comes to deciding what to do next, most ants don’t have a clue. “If you watch an ant try to accomplish something, you’ll be impressed by how awkward it is,” says Deborah M. Gordon, a biologist at Stanford Univ ersity.“Ants aren’t smart,” Gordon says. “Ant colonies are.” A colony can solve problems unthinkable forindividual ants, such as finding the shortest path to the best food source, assigning workers to different tasks, or defending a territory from neighbors. As individuals, ants might be tiny dummies, but as colonies they respond quickly and effectively to their environment. They do it with something called collective intelligence.Where this intelligence comes from raises an essential question in nature: How do the simple actions of individual ants add up to the complex behavior of a group? How do hundreds of honey-bees make a critical decision about their hive (蜂巢)if many of them disagree? The collective abilities of such animals --- one of which grasps the big picture, but each of which contributes to the group’s success --- seem miraculous even to the biologists who know them best. Yet during the past few decades, researchers have come up with fascinating insights.56.The author’s former false impression about ants is that he thought them to be _______.A. smartB. awkwardC. elaborateD. creative57.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Ants will function as a single body once a decision is made by the commander.B. Ants are the only species which developed collective intelligence.C. The ant queen plays a role in managing ant workers besides laying eggs.D. An individual ant can’t comprehend the whole process of a big movement.58.The paragraph following the passage will most probably deal with _______.A. where we can observe such fantastic behavior of antsB. which is the leading ant in charge of the actionC. how the collective intelligence worksD. what inspiration can be drawn from the collective abilitiesBThe idea of using radio or wireless to broadcast to audiences was formed in 1916 by a president of the American Marconi Company, David Sarnoff. His superiors were doubtfulabout his idea to “make radio a household cause, so that by purchase of a ‘radio music box’,the audience could enjoy lectures, music performance, etc.”Four years later the American engineer Frank Conrad, an employee at W E Corp, attracted considerable attention when a local newspaper reported on the growing audience listening on crystal radio sets to his evening and weekend amateur broadcasts. A local music store had provided records to play on the Victoria, and Conrad and his family served as disc jockeys(唱片音乐播音员). Westinghouse vice president Harry Davis asked Conrad to build a more powerful transmitter(发射台)in time to announce the outcome of the next US presidential election. Conrad completed his assignment, and on November 2, 1920, station KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, broadcast the announcement that Warren G. Harding had been elected president. About 1000 people heard this first news broadcast.Radio communicated news much faster than did newspapers, and because crystal sets were easy to build and inexpensive, radio expanded rapidly in the following years. To stimulate the sale of radio sets, equipment manufactures provided transmitting facilities. Singers, comedians, and entire orchestras volunteered their services for publicity. The eventual financial basis of the new industry, however, was stillunclear. One group in New York City tried to seek contributions from listeners while others urged that private foundations support radio stations as a public service. In August 1922 the first commercial radio advertisement was broadcast on WEAF (now WNBC) in New York City. In 1926, when about 5 million homes had radios, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), in cooperation with the American Telephone & Telegraph Company, established the first commercial radio network. In the 1920s radio was established as a new mass medium had a practicable industry, and it became a national forum(论坛)for news and popular culture.59.The passage is mainly concerned with _______.A. the contribution of radio to popular cultureB. the invention and uses of radioC. early radio programs for a mass audienceD. the history of radio broadcasting60.Who started broadcasting radio programs to mass audience?A. Frank ConradB. David SarnoffC. Harry DavisD. Warren Harding61.After 1920, radio expanded rapidly because _______.A. people could easily get it in storesB. it was cheaper than newspapersC. it had advantages over newspapersD. people were interested in anything new62.By saying that “the eventual financial basis of the new industry was still unclear”, the aut hor meansthat _______.A. the private foundations were unwilling to support the stationsB. the stations were not sure yet where to get the operational moneyC. advertising and commercial programs could not raise enough moneyD. the listeners would not pay for the broadcasting stationsCIt could be said that the age of adventure peaked with Sir Everest Shackletonthe moment his ship, the Endurance, become hopelessly locked in ice on its way toAntarctica in January 1915. For ten months the 28 men aboard Shackleton’s shipwaited and prayed for ice to break. When it finally did, the Endurance sank, leavingthe crew homeless and adrift on a sea of ice in one of the world’s most dangerousenvironments.In January 2000 a luxury ocean liner found itself similarly trapped in the coldwaters off Antarctica. Argentine authorities sent off an icebreaker straight away fromthe nearest naval base, and in 24 hours, all 176 passengers and crew were free. Thetour company’s spokesperson spun the potential disaster as a value-added reward in extreme travel. “The people on board are looking at this as sort of a great adventure,” she said.Ever since Jon Krakauer’s book Into Thin Air made Everest a household name, the subculture of adventure has blown up like a Himalayan avalanche(雪崩) into public consciousness. Magazines promise “extreme” content, television, offers adventure programs, and the growing collective fascination with adventure has produced a flow of published accounts about the world’s greatest adventurous journey. Nowadays more and more people are interested in adventure and this mass appeal makes good business sense. Today the only thing blocking a would-be adventurer’s passage to Antarctica is the cost---- whichtypically runs well over $10,000.Despite very d ifferent implications, adventure was just as popular in Shackleton’s time. He has little trouble filling the Endurance----5,000 men are said to have responded to his recruitment(招募) notice: “Men wanted for risky journey. Small wages. Bitter cold. Long mont hs of complete darkness. Constant danger. Safe return doubtful.”After five months drifting on ice, the crew were forced to take to their lifeboats to Elephant Island. Reaching the wasteland, Shackleton went on with one lifeboat and five of his best men 1,300 kilometers across the bone-chilly Scotia Sea to South Georgia Island. Shivering with cold, dressed in rags, Shackleton marched into a whaling station and set about organizing a rescue expedition to Elephant Island. Almost two years after becoming shi pwrecked on ice, Shackleton picked up his crew. “Not a life lost, and we have been through hell,” he remarked earnestly.63.We can learn from the first sentence of this passage that _______.A. the age of adventure began with the ship Endurance trapped in iceB. Shackleton’s adventure marked the highest point of pure explorationC. the age of adventure ended with the ship Endurance trapped in iceD. Shackleton’s adventure predicted that the golden age of exploration was approaching64.The word “spun” in the sec ond paragraph can be replaced by “_______”.A. summed upB. judgedC. boasted aboutD. referred to65.Since Jon Krakauer’s book was published _______.A. the media have got interested in the topic of adventureB. the costs of extreme travel have gone upC. Everest has got its name known to EuropeD. people have got fascinated by Himalayan avalanches66.The adventure in Shackleton’s time has different implications from today’s in that _______.A. Shackleton’s adventure lasted longer then any other a dventure nowadaysB. n o one was missing during Shackleton’s adventureC. Shackleton’s adventure was entirely for the sake of adventureD. Shackleton enrolled volunteers more easilySection CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.My wife and I recently welcomed a child into the world. His only interest right now is keeping usawake 24/7. But one day, he’ll need to learn some thing about finance. When he does, here are some suggestions.1. You might think you want an expensive car, a fancy watch, and a huge house. But you don’t.(67)________________________ You think having expensive stuff will bring it. It almost never does—especially from the people you want to respect and admire you.2. The road to financial regret is paved with debt. Some debt, such as a mortgage, is OK. But most spending that results in debt is the equivalent of a drug: a quick hit of pleasure that wears off, only to drag you down for years to come, limiting your options and keeping you weighed down by the baggage of your past.3. I hope you’re poor at some point. Not struggling, and not unhappy, of course. But there’s no way to learn the value of money without feeling the power of its scarcity. It teaches you the difference between necessary and desirable. (68) ________________________ These are essential survival skills.4. If you’re like most people, you’ll spend most of your adult life thinking, “Once I’ve saved/earned $X, everything will be great.” Then you’ll hit $X, move the goalposts, and resume chasing your tail. It’s a miserable cycle. Your goals should be about more than money.5. Don’t stay in a job you hate because you made a career choice at 18. Almost no one knows what he or she wants to do at that age. Many people don’t know what they want until they’re twice that age. (These are the signs you’re in the wrong career.)6. The best thing money buys is to control over your time. (69) ________________________ One day you’ll realize that this freedom is one of the things that makes you truly happy.7. Change your mind when you need to. I’ve noticed a tendency for people to think they’ve mastered investing when they’re young. They start investing at age 18 and think they have it all figured out by age 19. They never do.8. Some people are born into families that encourage education; others are from families that are against it. Some are born into flourishing economies; others, into war and poverty. I want you to be successful, and I want you to earn it. But realize that not all success is due to hard work and not all poverty is due to laziness. Keep this in mind when judging people, including yourself.9. Your savings rate has a little to do with how much you earn and a lot to do with how much you spend. I know a dentist who lives paycheck to paycheck, always on the edge of ruin. I know another person who never earned more than $50,000 and saved a fortune. The difference is entirely due to their spending.(70) __________________________.10. Don’t listen to me if you disagree with what I’ve written. The world you grow up in will have different values and opportunities than the one I did. More important, you’ll learn best when you disagree with someone and then are forced to learn it yourself. (On the other hand, always listen to your mother.)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage inno more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Meet The Member Who Quit SugarWhen I was 15, I weighed 100 kg.I was a size 20+ and hated the way I looked. I was a serial big eater and quite depressed. I would sit in front of the fridge, eat something, move to the cupboard, eat a packet of chips, and move back to the fridge.It was a heartbreaking cycle of hate and food. I didn’t feel confident, pret ty, or worthwhile.Shopping made me cry, I avoided mirrors, and my social life came to an end. I actually lost friends because they told me I was antisocial. It became so bad that I wanted to abuse myself; my skin and my mind became my enemy.But then, I turned my life around. I quit sugar.It started with my mum. She staged an intervention (干预) that made me cry. I wanted to change - I needed to change - and she could see how unhappy I was.She put me onto a diet that mostly aimed to schedule meals, and - to my shock horror - cut out all processed sugar. It was so hard at first. I remember the shame of sneaking chocolate and candies when the three o’clock hunger hits.But the weeks kept coming and it just got easier. I stopped eating sugar, and I stopped loving it; simple as that.I substituted chips and biscuits for fruit and nuts, and had cup-of-soups after school when I was hit by the desire. I also had more energy, having a 20-minute walk with my dog into my everyday routine; I began to love that personal time.Cutting out sugar gave me so much more control over my body, and my outlook on life improved. So many people are intimidated by the words “quit sugar”. It’s not true. Fruit, honey, et cetera are natural sugars, and believe me, they fuel you better than chocolate bars ever could.Now I’m 17, turning 18, and I weigh 70 kg. I still struggle with my weight, but this is where I sit naturally, and I am very proud of myself. I never thought I would be confident enough to wear dresses or skirts, and take leadership roles to put myself out there and develop my social skills.I could never have done it without the support of my friends and family, and I urge everyone who wants to do right by themselves and change their diet - quitting sugar or otherwise - to share their decision with people. Develop a support network, online or offline, which can offer you advice or pick you up when you’re down. And I can assure you, from my own personal experience, your body will thank you, and you will thank yourself too.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.铃声一响，孩子们就冲了出来。

2016 学年第二学期徐汇区高三模拟考英语试卷2017.4I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possibleanswers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. He knows who is knocking. B. He is eager to know who it is.C. He doesn ’ t want to open the door.D. He is ready to open the door.2. A. By plane. B. By bus. C. By taxi. D. By train.3. A. $100. B. $200. C. $300. D. $400.4. A. She went to cinema. B. She went to an exhibition.C. She stayed at home.D. She stayed with her classmates.5. A. In a doctor ’ s office. B. In a professor ’ s office.C. In an operating room.D. In an emergency ward.6. A. The man paid the tuition for learning physics. B. The man got a lot of money for his hard work.C. His hard work was not rewarding at all.D. His work before the test led to a good result.7. A. A furnished house. B. A recent book. C. A further study. D. A new record.8. A. They will go swimming. B. They will climb mountains.C. They will buy some clothes.D. They will forecast the weather conditions.9. A. He has another lecture to attend.B.He has no interest in the lecture.C.He ’ s attended the same lecture given by Professor Wilson before.D. He might miss the lecture, if the woman didn’ t remind him.10. A. She fully agrees with the man. B. They are uncertain about the weather.C. She disagrees with the man.D. She thought the man was always late.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. People are encouraged to be a craftsman.B.Learning woodworking is not as hard as you think.C.Learning woodworking will help you know more people.D.Taking a class in woodworking will be very helpful.12. A. Because I am a talent in this art and want to share it with others.B.Because I am interested in it and want to show it to others.C.Because I wonder how to pick materials and how to do it well.D. Because it s’a good way to know more people interested in it.13. A. You can expect to do woodworking perfectly the very first time.B.Doing woodworking means being alone for long.C.You can also learn from other people interested in woodworking.D.Taking a class in woodworking costs a lot of money.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To analyze causes and effects of using a credit card.B.To encourage people to borrow money from banks.C.To let people know the responsibility in using a credit card.D.To present the effect of computers in popularizing the use of credit cards.15. A. The development of computers.B.People ’s greediness for more money.C.People’s needs for less paper money.D.People ’s learning to be more responsible.16. A. To learn to be responsible by using credit cards.B.To stop using credit cards and borrow money from friends or relatives.C.To pay money back as fast as possible after using credit cards.D.To stop borrowing money and use your own funds for shopping.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A newspaper. B. An advertisement company.C. A cleanup company.D. A market.18. A. She wants to spare more room for something new.B.She wants to turn their old stuff into cash at a low cost.C.She knows that the sales consultant before the man does.D.She just wants to clean up their house.19. A. Rudy is likely to buy their stuff.B.Rudy will come and take their stuff away.C.Rudy plays guitar as well as the man.D.Rudy will help them with the ad and the sale.20. A. His old guitar.C. The spring cleanup sale. B. Their appliances, jewelry, furniture and exercise equipment.D. The low cost of ad and friendly service.II.Grammar andvocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it (21) _____ it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is absolutely dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as tough a training to become a performer as a medical student needs (22) ______ （ become） a doctor. Most training is concerned (23) _____ technique, for musicians have to be as muscularly skillful as an athlete ora ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords （声带）would be inadequate without (24) ______（ control ） muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow back and forth with the right arm, (25) ______ are two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists (26) ______（ spare） this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, and it is the piano tuner ’ s responsibility to tune the instrument for (27) ______ . But they have their own difficulties; the hammersthat hit the string must be dealt with carefully not to sound like drum or bass, and each tone, even if played very fast, has to sound clear.The problem (28) ______ （face） student conductors is that they have to learn to know every note of the music and (29) ______ it should sound, and they need to aim at controlling these sound with enthusiastic but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artistsare those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music (30) ______ they can enjoy performing works written in any century.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A. perspectivesB. exploreC. qualitiesD. powerfullyE. appreciateF. purposeG. constructiveH. conceptsI. demonstratedJ. motivatedK. recommendationDear Admissions Committee,I had the pleasure of teaching Sara in her 11th grade honors English class at Mark Twain High School.From the first day of class, Sara impressed me with her ability to clearly explain difficult (31) _______ and texts, her sensitivity to the slight differences within literature, and her passion for reading, writing, and creative expression — both in and out of the classroom. Sara is a talented literary critic and poet, and she has my highest (32) _______ as a student and writer.Sara is talented at considering the elegances within literature and the (33) ______ behind authors' works. She produced an extraordinary year-long thesis paper on creative identity development, in which she compared works from three different time periods and synthesized cultural and historical (34) _______ to inform her analysis. When called upon to give her thesis defense in front of her peers, Sara spoke clearlyand (35) _______ about her conclusions and responded to questions in a thoughtful way. Outside of the classroom, Sara is devoted to her literary pursuits, especially to poetry. She publishes her poetry in ourschool's literary magazine, as well as in online magazines. She is an insightful, sensitive, and deeply self-aware individual driven to (36)______art, writing, and a deeper understanding of the human condition.Throughout the year Sara was an active participant in our discussions, and she always supported herpeers. Her caring nature and personality allow her to work well with others in a team setting, as she alwaysrespects others' opinions even when they differ from her own. When we held a class debate about gun laws,Sara chose to speak for the side opposite her own views. She explained her choice as (37) _______ by adesire to put herself in other people's shoes, view the issues from a new perspective, and gain a clearersense of the issue from all angles. Throughout the year, Sara (38) _______ this openness to the opinions,feelings, and perspectives of others, along with sharp powers of observation, all (39) _______ that makeher outstanding as a student of literature and burgeoning writer.I am certain that Sara is going to continue to do great and creative things in her future. I highly recommend her for admission to your undergraduate program. She is talented, caring, dedicated, and focused in her pursuits. Sara consistently seeks out (40) _______ feedback so she can improve her writingskills, which is a rare and impressive quality in a high school student. Sara is truly a stand-outindividual who will impress everyone she meets. Please feel free to contact me if you have anyquestions at . Sincerely,Ms. ScribeEnglish TeacherMark Twain High SchoolIII.ReadingComprehension Section ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Paris agreement to fight climate change became international law Friday. The landmark deal aimsto deal with global warming among growing (41)______ that the world is becoming hotter even faster thanscientists expected.So far, 96 countries, accounting for just over two- thirds of the world’ s greenhouse gas emissions, have formally joined the agreement, which (42)______ to limit global warming this century to 2 degrees Celsius(3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above what it was before machines and (43)______ appeared in the late 1700s.The United States (44) ______ entered into the agreement in September, and more countries are expectedto come aboard in the coming weeks and months.United Nations Secretary General Ban-Ki Moon celebrated the event, talking with nongovernmentalgroups at U.N. headquarters in New York to hear their concerns and (45)______ for the future.“ This is an emotional moment for me. It is a credit to all of you. And it is(46)______ for the world,”Ban said in his opening remarks.He praised the (47)______ for getting hundreds of millions of people to back fighting climate changebut (48)______ the outcome remained uncertain.“ We are still in a race (49)______ time. We need to move on to a low-emission and climate- sustainable future,” Ban added.Scientists praised the speed at which the agreement, signed by 192 parties last December in Paris, hascome into force, saying it shows a new commitment by the international community to (50)_____ aproblem that is melting polar ice caps, sending sea levels (51)______and transforming vast areas intodesert.“(52)______ the real effect of the agreement after it goes into effect is still uncertain, it is a simplesign that the international society is much more open to alter economic and political behavior to controlclimate change, which is (53)___ ___ positive, said” Feng Qi, executive director of the School of Environmental and Sustainability Sciences at Kean University in New Jersey.Scientists and (54)______ say the agreement is the first step of a much longer and complicated processof reducing the use of fossil fuels, which currently (55) ___ ___ the majority of the planet ’ s energy needs and also are the primary drivers of global warming.41. A. applicants B. fears C. observations D. comments42. A. seeks B. allows C. assumes D. seizes43. A. institutions B. laboratories C. committees D. factories44. A. formally B. instantly C. particularly D. generally45. A. prejudices B. approaches C. visions D. concepts46. A. spiritual B. historic C. appropriate D. valueless47. A. agreements B. groups C. headquarters D. emissions48. A. apologized B. denied C. warned D. overlooked49. A. against B. on C. for D. without50. A. avoid B. find C. address D. ignore51. A. falling B. rising C. disappearing D. remaining52. A. Until B. Since C. If D. While53. A. under no circumstances B. on the contraryC. in no caseD. by all means54. A. officers B. policymakers C. employers D. technicians55. A. remove B. preserve C. supply D. restoreSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read.AI used to think ants knew what they were doing. The ones marching acrossmy kitchen counter looked so confident; I just figured they had a plan, knewwhere they were going and what needed to be done. How else could antsorganize highways, build elaborate nests, launch impressive attacks, and do allthe other things ants do?Turns out I was wrong. Ants aren ’clevert little engineers, architects, orsoldiers after all --- at least not as individuals. When it comes to deciding what todo next, most ants don’ t have a clue.“ If you watch an ant try to accomplish something, youby how awkward it is,” says Deborah M. Gordon, a biologist at StanfordersityUniv.“ Ants aren’ t smart,” Gordon says.“ Ant coloniescolonyarecan. solve”problemsA unthinkable forindividual ants, such as finding the shortest path to the best food source, assigning workers to different tasks,or defending a territory from neighbors. As individuals, ants might be tiny dummies, but as colonies theyrespond quickly and effectively to their environment. They do it with something called collectiveintelligence.Where this intelligence comes from raises an essential question in nature: How do the simple actionsof individual ants add up to the complex behavior of a group? How do hundreds of honey-bees make acritical decision about their hive ( 蜂巢 )if many of them disagree? The collective abilities of such animals---one of which grasps the big picture, but each of which contributes to the group ’success --- seemmiraculous even to the biologists who know them best. Yet during the past few decades, researchers havecome up with fascinating insights.56. The author’ s former false impressionabout ants is that he thought them to be _______.A. smartB. awkwardC. elaborateD. creative57.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Ants will function as a single body once a decision is made by the commander.B.Ants are the only species which developed collective intelligence.C.The ant queen plays a role in managing ant workers besides laying eggs.58.The paragraph following the passage will most probably deal with _______.A.where we can observe such fantastic behavior of antsB.which is the leading ant in charge of the actionC.how the collective intelligence worksD.what inspiration can be drawn from the collective abilitiesBThe idea of using radio or wireless to broadcast to audiences was formed in 1916 by apresident of the American Marconi Company, David Sarnoff. His superiors were doubtfulabout his idea to“ make radio a household cause, so that by purchase of a‘ radio the audience could enjoy lectures, music performance, etc.”Four years later the American engineer Frank Conrad, an employee at W E Corp, attractedconsiderable attention when a local newspaper reported on the growing audience listening on crystal radiosets to his evening and weekend amateur broadcasts. A local music store had provided records to play onthe Victoria, and Conrad and his family served as disc jockeys(唱片音乐播音员 ). Westinghouse vicepresident Harry Davis asked Conrad to build a more powerful transmitter (发射台 )in time to announce theoutcome of the next US presidential election. Conrad completed his assignment, and on November 2, 1920,station KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, broadcast the announcement that Warren G. Harding had beenelected president. About 1000 people heard this first news broadcast.Radio communicated news much faster than did newspapers, and because crystal sets were easy tobuild and inexpensive, radio expanded rapidly in the following years. To stimulate the sale of radio sets,equipment manufactures provided transmitting facilities. Singers, comedians, and entire orchestrasvolunteered their services for publicity. The eventual financial basis of the new industry, however, was stillunclear. One group in New York City tried to seek contributions from listeners while others urged that private foundations support radio stations as a public service. In August 1922 the first commercial radio advertisement was broadcast on WEAF (now WNBC) in New York City. In 1926, when about 5 million homes had radios, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), in cooperation with the American Telephone & Telegraph Company, established the first commercial radio network. In the 1920s radio was establishedas a new mass medium had a practicable industry, and it became a national forum(论坛 )for news and popular culture.59.The passage is mainly concerned with _______.A.the contribution of radio to popular cultureB.the invention and uses of radioC.early radio programs for a mass audienceD.the history of radio broadcasting60.Who started broadcasting radio programs to mass audience?A. Frank ConradB. David SarnoffC. Harry DavisD. Warren Harding61. After 1920, radio expanded rapidly because _______.A. people could easily get it in storesB. it was cheaper than newspapersC. it had advantages over newspapersD. people were interested in anything new62. By saying that“ the eventual financial basis of the new industry was still unclear hor meansthat _______.A. the private foundations were unwilling to support the stationsB. the stations were not sure yet where to get the operational moneyC. advertising and commercial programs could not raise enough moneyD. the listeners would not pay for the broadcasting stationsCIt could be said that the age of adventure peaked with Sir Everest Shackleton themoment his ship, the Endurance, become hopelessly locked in ice on its way toAntarctica in January 1915. For ten months the 28 men aboard Shackleton ’shipwaited and prayed for ice to break. When it finally did, the Endurance sank, leavingthe crew homeless and adrift on a sea of ice in one of the world’ s most dangerous environments.In January 2000 a luxury ocean liner found itself similarly trapped in the coldwaters off Antarctica. Argentine authorities sent off an icebreaker straight away fromthe nearest naval base, and in 24 hours, all 176 passengers and crew were free. Thetour company’ s spokesper s onpun the potential disaster as a value- added reward in extreme travel. people on board are looking at this as sort of a great adventure,” she said.Ever since Jon Krakauer ’books Into Thin Air made Everest a household name, the subculture of adventure has blown up like a Himalayan avalanche(雪崩 ) into public consciousness. Magazines promise “extreme content,”television, offers adventure programs, and the growing collective fascination with adventure has produced a flow of published accounts about the world ’greatest adventurous journey. Nowadays more and more people are interested in adventure and this mass appeal makes good business sense. Today the only thing blocking a would- be adventurer’ s passage to Antarctica is the cost----which” , the a “ Thetypically runs well over $10,000.Despite very d ifferent implications, adventure was just as popular in Shackleton’ s time. He ha trouble filling the Endurance----5,000 men are said to have responded to his recruitment (招募 ) notice:“ Menwanted for risky journey. Small wages. Bitter cold. Long months of complete darkness. Constantdanger. Safe return doubtful.”After five months drifting on ice, the crew were forced to take to their lifeboats to Elephant Island.Reaching the wasteland, Shackleton went on with one lifeboat and five of his best men 1,300 kilometersacross the bone-chilly Scotia Sea to South Georgia Island. Shivering with cold, dressed in rags, Shackletonmarched into a whaling station and set about organizing a rescue expedition to Elephant Island. Almost twoyears after becoming shipwrecked on ice, Shackleton picked up his crew.“ Not a life lost, and we have been through hell,” he remarked earnestly.63.We can learn from the first sentence of this passage that _______.A.the age of adventure began with the ship Endurance trapped in iceB.Shackleton ’ s adventure marked the highest point of pure explorationC.the age of adventure ended with the ship Endurance trapped in iceD.Shackleton ’ s adventure predicted that the golden age of exploration was approaching64. The word spun“ ” in the second paragraph can be replaced by “”.A. summed upB. judgedC. boasted aboutD. referred to65.Since Jon Krakauer’ s book was published _______.A.the media have got interested in the topic of adventureB.the costs of extreme travel have gone upC.Everest has got its name known to EuropeD.people have got fascinated by Himalayan avalanches66. The adventure in Shackleton’ s time has different implications from today’ s in that _______.A. Shackleton’ s adventure lasted longer then any otherdventurea nowadaysB. n o one was missing during Shackleton’ s adventureC. Shackleton ’ s adventure was entirely for the sake of adventureD.Shackleton enrolled volunteers more easilySection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Eachsentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. It ’ ll make you learn to enjoy what you have, fix what’ s broken, and shop for a bargain.B.Spending more is likely to stimulate your motivation for more earning.C. It gives you options and frees you from relying on someone else’ s priorities.D.Living with less is the most efficient way to control your financial future.E.Actually, your parents have already given you too much.F.What you want is respect and admiration from other people.My wife and I recently welcomed a child into the world. His only interest right now is keeping usawake 24/7. But one day, he’ llneed to learn something about finance. When he does, here are somesuggestions.1.You might think you want an expensive car, a fancy watch, and a huge house. But you don ’ t.(67)________________________ You think having expensive stuff will bring it. It almost never does—especially from the people you want to respect and admire you.2.The road to financial regret is paved with debt. Some debt, such as a mortgage, is OK. But most spendingthat results in debt is the equivalent of a drug: a quick hit of pleasure that wears off, only to drag you down foryears to come, limiting your options and keeping you weighed down by the baggage of your past.3. I hope you ’ re poor at some point. Not struggling, and not unhappy, of course. But there ’the value of money without feeling the power of its scarcity. It teaches you the difference betweennecessary and desirable. (68) ________________________ These are essential survival skills.4. If you ’ re like most people, you ’ ll spend most of your adult life thinking, “ Once I’ ve s everything will be great. Then”you ’ llhit $X, move the goalposts, and resume chasing your tail. It ’asmiserable cycle. Your goals should be about more than money.5. Don ’ t stay in a job you hate because you made a career choice at 18. Almost no one knows what he orshe wants to do at that age. Many people don ’ t know what they want until they ’ re twice that age. the signs you ’ re in the wrong career.)6.The best thing money buys is to control over your time. (69) ________________________ One day you ’ llrealize that this freedom is one of the things that makes you truly happy.7.Change your mind when you need to. I ’ venoticed a tendency for people to think they ’ vemasteredinvesting when they’ re young. They start investingage at18 and think they have it all figured out by age 19.They never do.8.Some people are born into families that encourage education; others are from families that are against it.Some are born into flourishing economies; others, into war and poverty. I want you to be successful, and Iwant you to earn it. But realize that not all success is due to hard work and not all poverty is due to laziness.Keep this in mind when judging people, including yourself.9.Your savings rate has a little to do with how much you earn and a lot to do with how much you spend. Iknow a dentist who lives paycheck to paycheck, always on the edge of ruin. I know another person who neverearned more than $50,000 and saved a fortune. The difference is entirely due to their spending. (70)__________________________.10. Don ’ t listen to me if you disagree with what I ’ ve written. The world you grow up in will have different values and opportunities than the one I did. More important, you learn best when you disagree withsomeone and then are forced to learn it yourself. (On the other hand, always listen to your mother.)IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage inno more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Meet The Member Who Quit SugarWhen I was 15, I weighed 100 kg.I was a size 20+ and hated the way I looked. I was a serial big eater and quite depressed. I would sit in front of the fridge, eat something, move to the cupboard, eat a packet of chips, and move back to the fridge.It was a heartbreaking cycle of hate and food. I didn’ty,feelorwc o rthwhilenfident,.pretShopping made me cry, I avoided mirrors, and my social life came to an end. I actually lost friends because they told me I was antisocial. It became so bad that I wanted to abuse myself; my skin and mymind became my enemy.But then, I turned my life around. I quit sugar.It started with my mum. She staged an intervention ( 干预 ) that made me cry. I wanted to change - I needed to change - and she could see how unhappy I was.She put me onto a diet that mostly aimed to schedule meals, and- to my shock horror - cut out all processed sugar. It was so hard at first. I remember the shame of sneaking chocolate and candies whenthe three o ’ clockhunger hits.But the weeks kept coming and it just got easier. I stopped eating sugar, and I stopped loving it; simple as that.I substituted chips and biscuits for fruit and nuts, and had cup-of-soups after school when I was hit by the desire. I also had more energy, having a 20-minute walk with my dog into my everyday routine; I beganto love that personal time.Cutting out sugar gave me so much more control over my body, and my outlook on life improved. So many people are intimidated by the words “ quitsugar ”It. ’nots true. Fruit, honey, et cetera are natural sugars, and believe me, they fuel you better than chocolate bars ever could.Now I ’ m 17, turning 18, and I weigh 70 kg. I still struggle with my weight, but this is where I sit naturally, and I am very proud of myself. I never thought I would be confident enough to wear dresses or skirts, and take leadership roles to put myself out there and develop my social skills.I could never have done it without the support of my friends and family, and I urge everyone who wants to do right by themselves and change their diet - quitting sugar or otherwise - to share their decision with people. Develop a support network, online or offline, which can offer you advice or pick you up when you ’re down. And I can assure you, from my own personal experience, your body will thank you, and you will thank yourself too.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 铃声一响，孩子们就冲了出来。

2015-16 学年英语高三二模卷部分区作文范文整理1.徐汇区假设你是李华，学校有四个社团正招募新人（如下图所示），你希望加入其中一个.请你写一篇日记，谈谈你的想法。

内容必须包括:你希望加入的社团选择该社团的原因你可以为该社团做些什么I am Li Hua .As a senior high school student，joining a community that l am keen on afterclass has played a big role in my three—year study career。

Recently，four communities including Science club,English theatre club，Eco club and sports club in my school are recruiting new members ,which has attached many students ’ attentions.As far as l am concerned,l am eager to join Sports club because of the following reasons.First and foremost,not only should we go to all lengths to study hard in order to acquire more and more knowledge, but we also should do exercises to strengthen physical fitness。

In the second place，the reason why l prefer Sports club is that doing sports is one of the most useful ways to have a relaxation after studying for a long st but not least，doing sports that are in need of cooperation among students such as football,basketball and volleyball can cultivate our team spirit so that we are aware that union is strength and know the importance of cooperation。

2016 学年第二学期徐汇区高三模拟考英语试卷2017.4I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. He knows who is knocking. B. He is eager to know who it is.C. He doesn ’ t want to open the door.D. He is ready to open the door.2. A. By plane. B. By bus. C. By taxi. D. By train.3. A. $100. B. $200. C. $300. D.$400.4. A. She went to cinema. B. She went to an exhibition.C. She stayed at home.D. She stayed with her classmates.5. A. In a doctor ’ s office. B. In a professor ’ s office.C. In an operating room.D. In an emergency ward.6. A. The man paid the tuition for learning physics. B. The man got a lot of moneyfor his hard work.C. His hard work was not rewarding at all.D. His work before the test led to agood result.7. A. A furnished house. B. A recent book. C. A further study. D. A newrecord.8. A. They will go swimming. B. They will climb mountains.C. They will buy some clothes.D. They will forecast the weatherconditions.9. A. He has another lecture to attend.B.He has no interest in the lecture.C.He ’ s attended the same lecture given by Professor Wilson before.D. He might miss the lecture, if the woman didn’ t remind him.10. A. She fully agrees with the man. B. They are uncertain about theweather.C. She disagrees with the man.D. She thought the man was alwayslate.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage .11.A. People are encouraged to be a craftsman.B.Learning woodworking is not as hard as you think.C.Learning woodworking will help you know more people.D.Taking a class in woodworking will be very helpful.12.A. Because I am a talent in this art and want to share it with others.B.Because I am interested in it and want to show it to others.C.Because I wonder how to pick materials and how to do it well.D.Because it ’ s a good way to know more people interested in it.13.A. You can expect to do woodworking perfectly the very first time.B.Doing woodworking means being alone for long.C.You can also learn from other people interested in woodworking.D.Taking a class in woodworking costs a lot of money.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A. To analyze causes and effects of using a credit card.B.To encourage people to borrow money from banks.C.To let people know the responsibility in using a credit card.D. To present the effect of computers in popularizing the use of credit cards.15.A. The development of computers.B.People ’ s greediness for more money.C.People ’ s needs for less paper money.D.People ’ s learning to be more responsible.16.A. To learn to be responsible by using credit cards.B.To stop using credit cards and borrow money from friends or relatives.C.To pay money back as fast as possible after using credit cards.D.To stop borrowing money and use your own funds for shopping.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A newspaper. B. An advertisement company.C. A cleanup company.D. A market.18.A. She wants to spare more room for something new.B.She wants to turn their old stuff into cash at a low cost.C.She knows that the sales consultant before the man does.D.She just wants to clean up their house.19.A. Rudy is likely to buy their stuff.B.Rudy will come and take their stuff away.C.Rudy plays guitar as well as the man.D.Rudy will help them with the ad and the sale.20. A. His old guitar. B.Their appliances, jewelry, furniture andexercise equipment.C. The spring cleanup sale.D. The low cost of ad and friendly service. II.Grammar andvocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in eachblank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one wordthat best fits each blank.A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it (21) _____ it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is absolutely dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as tough a training to become a performer as a medical student needs (22)（become）a doctor. Most training is concerned (23) _____ technique, for musicians have to be as muscularly skillful as an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as theirvocal chords（声带） would be inadequate without (24) ______（control） muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow back and forth with the right arm, (25) ______ are two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists (26)______（spare） this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, and it is the piano tuner ’ s responsibility to tune the instrument for (27) ______ . But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string must be dealt with carefully not to sound like drum or bass, and each tone, even if played very fast, has to sound clear.The problem (28) ______（face） student conductors is that they have to learn to know every note of the music and (29) ______ it should sound, and they need to aim at controlling these sound with enthusiastic but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music (30) ______they can enjoy performing works written in any century.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. B. explore C. qualities D. powerfully E. appreciate F. purpose perspectivesG.H. concepts constructiveDear Admissions Committee, I.demonstratedJ. motivated K. recommendationI had the pleasure of teaching Sara in her 11th grade honors English class at Mark Twain High School. From the first day of class, Sara impressed me with her ability to clearly explain difficult (31) _______ and texts, her sensitivity to the slight differences within literature, and her passion for reading, writing, and creative expression— bothin and out of the classroom. Sara is a talented literary critic and poet, and she has my highest (32) _______ as a student and writer.Sara is talented at considering the elegances within literature and the (33) ______ behind authors' works. She produced an extraordinary year-long thesis paper on creative identity development, in which she compared works from three different time periods and synthesized cultural and historical (34) _______ to inform her analysis. When called upon to give her thesis defense in front of her peers, Sara spoke clearly and (35)_______ about her conclusions and responded to questions in a thoughtful way. Outside of the classroom, Sara is devoted to her literary pursuits, especially to poetry. She publishes her poetry in our school's literary magazine, as well as in online magazines. She is an insightful, sensitive, and deeply self-aware individual driven to (36)______art, writing, and a deeper understanding of the human condition.Throughout the year Sara was an active participant in our discussions, and she always supported her peers. Her caring nature and personality allow her to work well with others in a team setting, as she always respects others' opinions even when they differ from her own. When we held a class debate about gun laws, Sara chose to speak for the side opposite her own views. She explained her choice as (37) _______ by a desire to put herself in other people's shoes, view the issues from a new perspective, andgain a clearer sense of the issue from all angles. Throughout the year, Sara (38)_______ this openness to the opinions, feelings, and perspectives of others, along with sharp powers of observation, all (39) _______ that make her outstanding as a student of literature and burgeoning writer.I am certain that Sara is going to continue to do great and creative things in her future. I highly recommend her for admission to your undergraduateprogram. She is talented,caring, dedicated, and focused in her pursuits. Sara consistently seeks out (40)_______ feedback so she can improve her writing skills, which is a rare and impressive quality in a high school student. Sara is truly a stand-out individual who will impress everyone she meets. Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions at . Sincerely,Ms. ScribeEnglish TeacherMark Twain High SchoolIII.ReadingComprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrasesmarked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits thecontext.The Paris agreement to fight climate change became international law Friday.The landmark deal aims to deal with global warming among growing (41)______ thatthe world is becoming hotter even faster than scientists expected.So far, 96 countries, accounting for just over two- thirds of the world’ s greenhouse gas emissions, have formally joined the agreement, which (42)______ to limit global warming this century to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above what it wasbefore machines and (43)______ appeared in the late 1700s. The United States (44)______ entered into the agreement in September, and more countries are expected to come aboard in the coming weeks and months.United Nations Secretary General Ban-Ki Moon celebrated the event, talking with nongovernmental groups at U.N. headquarters in New York to hear their concerns and(45)______ for the future.“ Thisis an emotional moment for me. It is a credit to all of you. And it is(46)______ for the world, ” Ban said in his opening remarks.He praised the (47)______ for getting hundreds of millions of people to back fighting climate change but (48)______ the outcome remained uncertain.“ We are still in a race (49)______ time. We need to move on to owal-emission and climate-sustainable future,” Ban added.Scientists praised the speed at which the agreement, signed by 192 parties last December in Paris, has come into force, saying it shows a new commitment by the international community to (50)_____ a problem that is melting polar ice caps, sending sea levels (51)______and transforming vast areas into desert.“ (52)______the real effect of the agreement after it goes into effect is still uncertain, it is a simple sign that the international society is much more open to alter economic and political behavior to control climate change, which is (53)______ positive, said” Feng Qi, executive director of the School of Environmental and Sustainability Sciences at Kean University in New Jersey.Scientists and (54)______ say the agreement is the first step of a much longer and complicated process of reducing the use of fossil fuels, which currently (55) ______ the majority of the planet ’energys needs and also are the primary drivers of global warming.41. A. applicants B. fears C. observations D. comments42. A. seeks B. allows C. assumes D. seizes43. A. institutions B. laboratories C. committees D.factories44. A. formally B. instantly C. particularly D. generally45. A. prejudices B. approaches C. visions D. concepts46. A. spiritual B. historic C. appropriate D. valueless47. A. agreements B. groups C. headquarters D. emissions48. A. apologized B. denied C. warned D.overlooked49. A. against B. on C. for D. without50. A. avoid B. find C. address D. ignore51. A. falling B. rising C. disappearing D. remaining52. A. Until B. Since C. If D. While53. A. under no circumstances B. on the contraryC. in no caseD. by all means54. A. officers B. policymakers C. employers D. technicians55. A. remove B. preserve C. supply D. restoreSection BDirections: Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in thepassage you have just read.AI used to think ants knew what they were doing. The onesmarching across my kitchen counter looked so confident; I justfigured they had a plan, knew where they were going and whatneeded to be done. How else could ants organize highways, buildelaborate nests, launch impressive attacks, and do all the otherthings ants do?Turns out I was wrong. Ants aren ’clevert little engineers, architects, or soldiersafter all --- at least not as individuals. When it comes to deciding what to do next, mostants don’havet a clue. “Ifyou watch an ant try to accomplish something, you’llbeimpressed by how awkward it is, ”says Deborah M. Gordon, a biologist at StanfordUniversity.“ Ants aren’ t smart,” Gordon says.“ Ant colonies are.” A colony can solve probl unthinkable for individual ants, such as finding the shortest path to the best food source,assigning workers to different tasks, or defending a territory from neighbors. As individuals, ants might be tiny dummies, but as colonies they respond quickly andeffectively to their environment. They do it with something called collectiveintelligence.Where this intelligence comes from raises an essential question in nature: How dothe simple actions of individual ants add up to the complex behavior of a group? How do hundreds of honey-bees make a critical decision about their hive (蜂巢 )if many of them disagree? The collective abilities of such animals --- one of which grasps the bigpicture, but each of which contributes to the group --- seem’successmiraculous even to the biologists who know them best. Yet during the past few decades, researchers have come up with fascinating insights.56.The author ’formers false impression about ants is that he thought them to be_______.57.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.Ants will function as a single body once a decision is made by the commander.B.Ants are the only species which developed collective intelligence.C.The ant queen plays a role in managing ant workers besides laying eggs.D.An individual ant can’ t comprehend the whole process of a big movement.58.The paragraph following the passage will most probably deal with _______.A.where we can observe such fantastic behavior of antsB.which is the leading ant in charge of the actionC.how the collective intelligence worksD.what inspiration can be drawn from the collective abilitiesBThe idea of using radio or wireless to broadcast to audiences was formed in 1916 by a president of the American Marconi Company, DavidSarnoff. His superiors were doubtful about his idea to “makeradio a household cause, so that by purchase of a ‘radio music box could’,theenjoyaudience lectures, music performance, etc. ”Four years later the American engineer Frank Conrad, an employee at W E Corp,attracted considerable attention when a local newspaper reported on the growing audience listening on crystal radio sets to his evening and weekend amateur broadcasts.A local music store had provided records to play on the Victoria, and Conrad and his family served as disc jockeys(唱片音乐播音员 ). Westinghouse vice president Harry Davis asked Conrad to build a more powerful transmitter(发射台 )in time to announcethe outcome of the next US presidential election. Conrad completed his assignment, and on November 2, 1920, station KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, broadcast the announcement that Warren G. Harding had been elected president. About 1000 people heard this first news broadcast.Radio communicated news much faster than did newspapers, and because crystal sets were easy to build and inexpensive, radio expanded rapidly in the following years. To stimulate the sale of radio sets, equipment manufactures provided transmitting facilities. Singers, comedians, and entire orchestras volunteered their services for publicity. The eventual financial basis of the new industry, however, was still unclear. One group in New York City tried to seek contributions from listeners while others urged that private foundations support radio stations as a public service. In August 1922 the first commercial radio advertisement was broadcast on WEAF (now WNBC) in NewYork City. In 1926, when about 5 million homes had radios, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), in cooperation with the American Telephone & Telegraph Company, established the first commercial radio network. In the 1920s radio was established as a new mass medium had a practicable industry, and it became a national forum(论坛 )for news and popular culture.59.The passage is mainly concerned with _______.A.the contribution of radio to popular cultureB.the invention and uses of radioC.early radio programs for a mass audienceD.the history of radio broadcasting60.Who started broadcasting radio programs to mass audience?A. Frank ConradB. David SarnoffC. Harry DavisD. WarrenHarding61. After 1920, radio expanded rapidly because _______.A. people could easily get it in storesB. it was cheaper than newspapersC. it hadadvantages over newspapers D. people were interested in anything new62.By saying that “ the eventual financial basis of the new industry was still unclear theauthor means that _______.A.the private foundations were unwilling to support the stationsB.the stations were not sure yet where to get the operational moneyC.advertising and commercial programs could not raise enough moneyD.the listeners would not pay for the broadcasting stationsCIt could be said that the age of adventure peaked with Sir EverestShackleton the moment his ship, the Endurance, become hopelesslylocked in ice on its way to Antarctica in January 1915. For ten months the28 men aboard Shackleton ’ship waited and prayed for ice to break.When it finally did, the Endurance sank, leaving the crew homeless andadrift on a sea of ice in one of the world ’ s most dangerous environments.In January 2000 a luxury ocean liner found itself similarly trapped in the coldwaters off Antarctica. Argentine authorities sent off an icebreaker straight away fromthe nearest naval base, and in 24 hours, all 176 passengers and crew were free. The tour company’ s spokespersonspun the potential disaster as a value-added reward in extremetravel. “ The people on board are looking at this as sort of a great adventure, ”Ever since Jon Krakauer ’ sIntobokThin Air made Everest a household name, thesubculture of adventure has blown up like a Himalayan avalanche(雪崩 ) into public consciousness. Magazines promise “ extreme content,”television, offers adventureprograms, and the growing collective fascination with adventure has produced a flow ofpublished accounts about the world ’greatest adventurous journey. Nowadays more4and more people are interested in adventure and this mass appeal makes good businesssense. Today the only thing blocking a would- be adventurer ’ s passage to Antarctica isthe cost---- which typically runs well over $10,000.Despite very different implications, adventure was just as popular in Sha ckleton’ stime. He has little trouble filling the Endurance----5,000 men are said to have respondedto his recruitment(招募 ) notice: “ Menwanted for risky journey. Small wages. Bittercold. Long months of complete darkness. Constant danger. Safe return doubtful. ”After five months drifting on ice, the crew were forced to take to their lifeboats toElephant Island. Reaching the wasteland, Shackleton went on with one lifeboat and fiveof his best men 1,300 kilometers across the bone-chilly Scotia Sea to South GeorgiaIsland. Shivering with cold, dressed in rags, Shackleton marched into a whaling stationand set about organizing a rescue expedition to Elephant Island. Almost two years afterbecoming shipwrecked on ice, Shackleton picked up his crew. ost,“andNot wealife lhave been through hell, ” he remarked earnestly.63.We can learn from the first sentence of this passage that _______.A.the age of adventure began with the ship Endurance trapped in iceB.Shackleton ’ s adventure marked the highest point ofexplorationpureC.the age of adventure ended with the ship Endurance trapped in iceD.Shackleton ’adventures predicted that the golden age of exploration wasapproaching64. The word spun“ ” in the second paragraph can be replaced by“ _______”.A. summed upB. judgedC. boasted aboutD. referred to65.Since Jon Krakauer ’ s book was published _______.A.the media have got interested in the topic of adventureB.the costs of extreme travel have gone upC.Everest has got its name known to EuropeD.people have got fascinated by Himalayan avalanches’ s in 66. The adventure in Shackleton’ s time has different implications from today_______.A. Shackleton ’ s adventure lasted longer then any other adventure nowadaysB. no one was missing during Shackleton dventure’s aC. Shackleton’ s adventure was entirely for the sake of adventureD. Shackleton enrolled volunteers more easilySection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence givenin the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. It ’ ll make you learn to enjoy whatyou have, fix what’ s broken, and shop for a bargain.B.Spending more is likely to stimulate your motivation for more earning.C. It gives you options and frees you from relying on someone else’ s priorities.D.Living with less is the most efficient way to control your financial future.E.Actually, your parents have already given you too much.F.What you want is respect and admiration from other people.My wife and I recently welcomed a child into the world. His only interest right nowis keeping us awake 24/7. But one day, he’ llneed to learn something about finance. When he does, here are some suggestions.1.You might think you want an expensive car, a fancy watch, and a huge house. Butyou don’t.(67)________________________ You think having expensive stuff will bring it. It almost never does—especially from the people you want to respect and admire you.2.The road to financial regret is paved with debt. Some debt, such as a mortgage, is OK. But most spending that results in debt is the equivalent of a drug: a quick hit of pleasure that wears off, only to drag you down for years to come, limiting your options andkeeping you weighed down by the baggage of your past.3.I hope you’ re poor at some point. Not struggling, and not unhappy, of course. Butthere ’ s no way to learn the value of money without feeling the power of its scarcity. It teaches you the difference between necessary and desirable. (68)________________________ These are essential survival skills.4. If you ’ re like most people, you ’ ll spend most of your adult life thinking, “saved/earned $X, everything will be great. ” Then you ’ ll hit $X, move the goalposts, and resume chasing your tail. It ’ s a miserable cycle. Your goals should be about more than money.5. Don ’ t stay in a job you hate because you made a career choice at 18. Almost no oneknows what he or she wants to do at that age. Many people don ’ t know what they want until they ’ re twice that age. (These aresignstheyou ’ re in the wrong career.)6.The best thing money buys is to control over your time. (69)________________________One day you’ llrealize that this freedom is one of thethings that makes you truly happy.7.Change your mind when you need to. I ’ venoticed a tendency for people to thinkthey ’ ve mastered investing when they ’ re young. They start investing at age 18 and think theyhave it all figured out by age 19. They never do.8.Some people are born into families that encourage education; others are fromfamilies that are against it. Some are born into flourishing economies; others, into warand poverty. I want you to be successful, and I want you to earn it. But realize that notall successis due to hard work and not all poverty is due to laziness. Keep this in mindwhen judging people, including yourself.9.Your savings rate has a little to do with how much you earn and a lot to do with howmuch you spend. I know a dentist who lives paycheck to paycheck, always on the edge ofruin. I know another person who never earned more than $50,000 and saved a fortune.The difference is entirely due to their spending.(70)__________________________.10. Don ’ t listen to me if you disagree with what I n. The world’ve writteyougrow up inwill have different values and opportunities than the one I did. More important, youlearn best when you disagree with someone and then are forced to learn it yourself. (Onthe other hand, always listen to your mother.)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Meet The Member Who Quit SugarWhen I was 15, I weighed 100 kg.I was a size 20+ and hated the way I looked. I was a serial big eater and quitedepressed. I would sit in front of the fridge, eat something, move to the cupboard, eata packet of chips, and move back to the fridge.It was a heartbreaking cycle of hate and food. I didn ’feelt confident, pretty, orworthwhile.Shopping made me cry, I avoided mirrors, and my social life came to an end. Iactually lost friends because they told me I was antisocial. It became so bad that Iwanted to abuse myself; my skin and my mind became my enemy.But then, I turned my life around. I quit sugar.It started with my mum. She staged an intervention (干预 ) that made me cry. Iwanted to change - I needed to change - and she could see how unhappy I was.She put me onto a diet that mostly aimed to schedule meals, and - to my shockhorror - cut out all processed sugar. It was so hard at first. I remember the shame ofsneaking chocolate and candies when the three o’ clock hunger hits.But the weeks kept coming and it just got easier. I stopped eating sugar, and Istopped loving it; simple as that.I substituted chips and biscuits for fruit and nuts, and had cup-of-soups afterschool when I was hit by the desire. I also had more energy, having a 20-minute walkwith my dog into my everyday routine; I began to love that personal time.Cutting out sugar gave me so much more control over my body, and my outlook on” . It ’ s n life improved. So many people are intimidated by the words “ quit sugar Fruit, honey,et cetera are natural sugars, and believe me, they fuel you better than chocolate barsever could.。

Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Scientists Detect Gravitational WavesWhat is gravitational waves(引力波)? Scientists havefor the first time observed ripples in the fabric of space time(时空涟漪) called gravitational waves, arriving at the earthfrom a severely destructive event in the distant universe. Itconfirms a major prediction of Albert Einstein‘s 1915 generaltheory of relativity and opens a unique new window onto theuniverse, according to a group of scientists at a press conference in Washington on Thursday.―This is truly scientific moonshot. We did it. We landed on the moon,‖ declared David Reitz, executive director of the LIGO Laboratory at Caltech, at the conference in the National Press Club.According to the National Science Foundation (NSF) experts, gravitational waves carry information about their dramatic origins and about the nature of gravity that cannot be obtained from elsewhere. Physicists have concluded that the detected gravitational waves were produced during the final fraction of a second(千分之一秒) of the combination of two black holes to produce a single, much bigger turning black hole. This fierce shock of two black holes had been predicted but never observed by NSF.The gravitational waves were detected on Sept 14, 2015 at 5:51 am EDT by both of the twin Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors, located in Livingston, Louisiana, and Hanford, Washington.Based on the observed signals, LIGO scientists estimate that the black holes for this event were about 29 and 36 times the weight of the sun, and the event took place 1.3 billion years ago.About three times the weight of the sun was changed into gravitational waves in a fraction of a second -- with a peak power output about 50 times that of the whole visible universe. By looking at the time of arrival of the signals -- the detector in Livingston recorded the event 7 milliseconds (毫秒) before the detector in Hanford -- scientists can say that the source was located in the Southern Hemisphere, according to a press release from NSF, which funded the research.This new LIGO discovery is the first observation of gravitational waves themselves, made by measuring the tiny disturbances the waves make to space and time as they pass through the earth. ―Our observation of gravitational waves accomplishes an ambitious goal set out over five decades ago to directly detect this puzzling phenomenon and better understand the universe, and, properly, fulfills Einstein‘s prediction on the 100th anniversary of his general theory of relativity,‖ Reitze said.74. By saying ―This is truly scientific moonshot. We did it. We landed on the moon,‖ what doesDavid Reitz mean?A. We humans truly landed on the moon this time.B. The theory of relativity was not proved until today.C. Gravitational waves arrived at the earth in the end.D. Scientists successfully observed gravitational waves.75. What do NSF experts talk about in the third paragraph?A. Gravitational waves carry information about the origins of nature.B. The nature of gravity cannot be obtained from gravitational waves.C. The combination of two black holes can produce a single, much bigger turning black hole.D. Gravitational waves only appear at the final fraction of a second of the shock of two black holes.76. According to the observed signals, LIGO scientists find out that ______.A. the two black holes which brought about this event were much bigger than the sunB. about three times the weight of the sun became gravitational waves in this eventC. the event produced by the observed signals took place 1.3 billion years agoD. the peak power output was about 50 times that of the whole universe77. From this passage, a conclusion can be drawn that ______.A. gravitational waves can make disturbances to space and timeB. Einstein predicted the observed gravitational waves in the universeC. gravitational waves is not a puzzling phenomenon to the world any moreD. this new LIGO discovery was made to test the general theory of relativityKeys: 74-77: DCBASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)When I returned to the common, the sun was setting. The crowd around the hole had increased, and stood out black against the lemon yellow of the sky—a couple of hundred people, perhaps. There were really, I should think, two or three hundred people elbowing one another, the one or two ladies there being by no means the least active. ―He‘s fallen in the hole!‖ cried someone. ―Keep back!‖ said several. The crowd moved a little, and I elbowed my way through. Everyone seemed greatly excited. I heard a peculiar humming sound from the hole.―I say!‖said Ogilvy; ―help keep these idiots back. We don‘t know what‘s in the puzzling thing, you know!‖The end of the cylinder(圆柱体) was being screwed out from within. I turned, and as I did so the screw（螺丝钉）must have come out, for the lid of the cylinder fell upon the ground with a ringing shock. For a moment that circular cavity seemed perfectly black. I had the sunset in my eyes.I think everyone expected to see a man emerge—possibly something a little unlike us earthly men, but in all essentials a man. But, looking, I presently saw something exciting within the shadow: clumsy movements, one above another, and then two disc-like eyes. Then something resembling a grey snake, about the thickness of a walking stick, climbed up out of the twistingmiddle, and moved in the air towards me—and then another.A sudden chill came over me. I stood frightened and staring. A big grayrounded bulk, the size, perhaps, of a bear, was rising slowly and painfully out of the cylinder. As it bulged up and caught the light, it looked like wet leather.Anyone who has never seen a living Martian can scarcely imagine the strange horror of its appearance. The peculiar V-shaped mouth with its pointed upper lip, the absence of brow ridges, the Gorgon groups of tentacles(触手), the unstable breathing of the lungs in a strange atmosphere, the evident heaviness and painfulness of movement due to the greater gravitational energy of the earth—above all, the extraordinary intensity of the huge eyes, which was unforgettable—were at once vital, intense, inhuman,and monstrous. There was something fungoid in the oily brown skin, something in the clumsy deliberation of the tedious movements unspeakably nasty.Even at this first encounter, this first glimpse, I was overcome with disgust and dread.73. Why was the crowd ―elbowing one another‖ according to paragraph 1?A. There were no officials to control them.B. They were curious and wanted to get a good view of the hole.C. They were angry and trying to push people into the hole.D. They were trying to get away from the hole in fear.74. The Martian shocked the narrator because__________.A. it did not look like the other Martians that had arrived earlierB. it arrived on Earth in a strange and nasty-looking cylinderC. it was moving surprisingly slowly for a MartianD. like most people, he had thought it would resemble a human75. A“sudden chill”（paragraph 5）came over the narrator because________.A. the Martian was heading directly towards the crowdB. a cold tentacle had almost reached the narratorC. he saw the Martian‘s terrifying features as it climbed out of the cylinderD. the sun had set and he suddenly noticed the night-time chill76. What did the narrator find most impressive about the creature?A. The horrible shape of its mouth and face.B. Its long and strange tentacles.C. The way it moved in the Earth‘s atmosphere.D. Its unusual large and intense eyes.77. The description of the Martians implies that they are _______.A. cute and charmingB. friendly and cooperativeC. frightening and probably dangerousD. ugly but unluckily misunderstoodKeys: 73-77 BDCDCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)In the 1990s, when an area of Brazilian rainforest the size ofBelgium was cut down every year, Brazil was the world‘senvironmental villain(反派角色) and the Amazonian jungle theimage of everything that was going wrong in green places. Now,the Amazon ought to be the image of what is going right.Government figures show that deforestation fell by 70% in theBrazilian Amazon region during the past decade. If clearances had continued at their rate in 2005, an extra 3.2 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide would have been put into the atmosphere. That is an amount equal to a year‘s emissions from the European Union.Arguably, then, Brazil is now the world leader in addressing climate change.But how did it break the vicious cycle(恶性循环)? The answer, according to a paper is that there was no silver bullet but instead a three-stage process in which bans, better governance infrontier areas and consumer pressure on companies worked.The first stage ran from the mid-1990s to 2004. This was when the government put its efforts into bans and restrictions. The Brazilian Forest Code said that, on every farm in the Amazon, 80% of the land had to be set aside as a forest reserve. As the study observes, this share was so high that the code could not be followed—or enforced. This was the period of the worst deforestation. Soybean prices were high and there was a vast expansion of soybean farming on the south-eastern border of the rainforest.During the second stage, which ran from 2005 to 2009, the government tried to boost its ability to police the Amazon. Brazil‘s president made stopping deforestation a priority, which resulted in better co-operation between different bits of the government. The area in which farming was banned was increased from a sixth to nearly half of the forest.The third stage, which began in 2009, was a test of whether a system of restrictions could survive as soybean expansion continued. The government shifted its focus from farms to counties (each state has scores of these). Farmers in the 36 counties with the worst deforestation rates were banned from getting cheap credit until those rates fell.By any standards, Brazil‘s Amazon policy has been a success, made the more remarkable because it relied on restrictions rather than rewards, which might have been expected to have worked better. Over the period of the study, Brazil also turned itself into a farming superpower, so the country has shown it is possible to get a huge increase in food output without destroying the forest. Moreover, the policies so far have been successful among commercial farmers who care about the law and respond to market pressures. Most remaining deforestation is by smallholders who care rather less about these things, so the government faces the problem of persuading them to change their ways, too. Deforestation has been slowed, but not yet stopped.73. Brazil is considered to play a leading role in dealing with climate change because ______.A. it has rainforest as large as BelgiumB. it has cut down too much rainforestC. it has taken action to reduce deforestationD. it sent 3.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the air74. The underlined phrase ―silver bullet‖ in Paragraph 2 most probably refers to______.A. a powerful weaponB. an effective solutionC. an intelligent deviceD. a golden opportunity75. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. 80% of the farmland was allowed for farming in the 1st stage.B. Soybean prices went up where farming land was expanded.C. The government hired more policemen in the Amazon area.D. The government enlarged its range of supervision in the 3rd stage.76. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Brazil has successfully eliminated deforestation.B. All the farmers care much about forest protection.C. Small farm holders are a headache for the Brazilian government.D. Both the food output and the forest in Brazil have greatly increased.77. What can be the best title of the passage?A. Cutting Down on Cutting DownB. Brazil, the World Leader in FarmingC. Restrictions Outperforming RewardsD. Former Awareness Working WondersKeys: 73-77 CBDCASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Lindsay Renwick, the mayor of Deniliquin, a country town in New South Wales, misses the constant whir(嗡嗡声)of the rice mill whose giant fans dried the rice. The Deniliquin mill, the largest rice mill in the Southern Hemisphere (南半球), once processed enough grain to meet theneeds of 20 million people globally. But six years of drought have had a destructive effect, reducing Australia‘s rice crop by 98 percent and leading to the mothballing of the mill last December.Drought affects every agriculture industry based in Australia, not just rice –from sheep farming, the country‘s other backbone, to the cultivation of grapes for wine, the fastest-growing crop there, with that expansion often coming at the expense of rice. The drought‘s effect on rice has produced the greatest impact on the rest of the world, so far. It is one factor contributing to skyrocketing prices, and many scientists believe it is among the earliest signs that a warming planet is starting to affect food production.Researchers are looking for solutions to global rice shortages – for example, rice that blooms earlier in the day, when it is cooler, to fight against global warming. Rice plants that happen to bloom on hot days are less likely to produce grains of rice, a difficulty that is already starting to emerge in inland areas of China and other Asian countries as temperatures begin to climb. ―There will be problems very soon unless we have new varieties of rice in place,‖ said Reiner Wassmann, climate change director at the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The recent reports on climate change carried a warning that could make the news even worse: that existing models for the effects of climate change on agriculture did not yet include newer findings that global warming could reduce rainfall and make it more variable.Yet the effects of climate change are not uniformly bad for rice. Rising concentrations (浓度) of carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas, can actually help rice – although the effect reduces or disappears if the plants face unnecessary heat, inadequate water, severe pollution or other stresses. Still, the flexibility of farmers here has persuaded some climate experts that, particularly in developed countries, the effects of climate change may be relieved, if not completely avoided. ―I‘m not as negative as most people,‖ said Will Steffen, director of the Fenner School of Environment and Society at Australian National University. ―Farmers are learning how to do things differently.‖Meanwhile, changes like the use of water to grow wine grapes instead of rice carry their own costs, as the developing world is discovering. ―Rice is anessential food,‖ said Graeme Haley, the general manager of the town of Deniliquin. ―Wine is not.‖73. By ―the mothballing of the mill‖ (in Paragraph 1) the author most probably means the mill is______.A. kept unprocessedB. left unusedC. being entirely restoredD. being pushed round74. To find the ways to cope with the global rice shortage, researchers are ______.A. seeking new types of rice which could bloom at a lower temperatureB. buildinggreenhouses which could provide more heat for rice to growC. studying climate changes inChina which may affect rice growing in AsiaD. looking for alternative agriculture industries which may take the place of rice75. Which of the following can be learned from the passage?A. Rice plants are fond of higher temperature in the process of growing.B. Global warming has shown few signs of influence on agriculture.C. Rice prices are rising steadily owing to the crop failure in Australia.D. Global warming may contribute to more complicated weather conditions.76. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. Australia is the largest rice producing country around the worldB. most peoplelook on the bright side of the flexibility of farmersC. climate changes have simply brought negative effects to people‘s livesD. wine grape cultivation has threatened the rice production in Australia77. Which of the following best serves as the title of the passage?A. Rice shortage and wine boomB. Drought, theenemy of rice productionC. Rice crisis and its solutionD. Rice issue, a focus of the public attentionKeys: 73-77 BADDCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Women are still underrepresented in top academic positions. One of the possible explanations for this is the increasing importance of obtaining research funding. Women are often less successful in this than men. Psychology researchers Dr. Romy van der Lee and professor Naomi Ellemers investigated whether this difference also occurs at the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and examined potential explanations.The researchers were assigned by NWO to carry out this study as part of the broader evaluation of NWO's procedures and its gender diversity policy. The aim was to gain more insight into the causes of the differences in awarding rates for male and female applicants for research funding. The analysis addressed an important ―talent programme‖ of NWO, the Veni grant. ―Whoever receives this grant has a greater chance of obtaining an important appointment at a university,‖ says Naomi Ellemers.Van der Lee and Ellemers investigated all the applications submitted by male and female researchers over a period of three years: a total of 2823 applications. Under the direction of NWO these applications were assessed by scientific committees consisting of men and women. The results demonstrate that the awarding rates for female applicants (14.9%) are systematically lower than those for male applicants (17.7%). ―If we compare the proportion of women among the applicants with the proportion of women among those awarded funding, we see a loss of 4%,‖ said Ellemers.The study reveals that women are less positively evaluated for their qualities as researcher than men are. ―Interestingly the research proposals of women and men are evaluated equally positively. In other words, the reviewers see no difference in the quality of the proposals that men and wome n submit,‖ says Romy van der Lee.In search for a possible cause for the differences in awarding rates and evaluations, the researchers also investigated the language use in the instructions and forms used to assess the quality of applications. This clearly revealed the occurrence of gendered language. The words that are used to indicate quality are frequently words that were established in previous research as referring mainly to the male gender stereotype (such as challenging and excellent). Romy van der Lee explains: ―As a result, it appears that men more easily satisfy the assessment criteria, becausethese better fit the characteristics stereotypically associated with men.‖In response to the results of this research, NWO will devote more attention to the gender awareness of reviewers in its methods and procedures. It will also be investigated which changes to the assessment procedures and criteria can most strongly contribute to more equal chances for men and women to obtain research funding. This will include an examination of the language used by NWO. NWO chair Jos Engelens said, ―The research has yielded valuable results and insights. Based on the recommendations made by the researchers we will therefore focus in the coming period on the development of evidence-based measures to reduce the difference in awarding rates.‖74. Van der Lee and Ellemers carried out the research to find out whether ____________.A. women are less successful than men in top academic positionsB. female applicantsare at a disadvantage in getting research fundingC. NOW‘s procedures and gender diversity policy enhance fair playD. there are equal chances for men and women to be admitted to a university75. Van der Lee and Ellemers‘ study shows that _____________.A. grant receivers were more likely to get appointments at universitiesB. men applicantsfor research funding outnumbered women applicantsC. the research proposals of women are equally treated with those of menD. the reviewers have narrow, prejudiced conceptions of women candidates76. What might be the main cause for the differences in awarding rates and evaluations?A. The wordsused in the instructions and forms.B. T he reviewers‘ preference to applications.C. The methods and procedures for evaluation.D. The vague and unclear assessment criteria.77. What will NWO probably do next in response to the results of this research?A. Eliminate possibilities for difference in awarding rates.B. Design a language examination for all the reviewers.C. Emphasize the importance of gender awareness.D. Improve the assessment procedures and criteria.Keys: 74-77 BCADSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, almost nothing was written about the contributions of women during the colonial period and the early history of the newly formed United States. Lacking the right to vote and absent from the seats of power, women were not considered an important force in history. Anne Bradstreet wrote some significant poetry in the seventeenth century, Mercy Otis Warren produced the best contemporary history of the American Revolution, and Abigail Adams penned important letters showing she exercised great political influence over her husband, John, the second President of the United States. But little or no notice was taken of these contributions. During these centuries, women remained invisible in history books.Throughout the nineteenth century, this lack of visibility continued, despite the efforts of female authors writing about women. These writers, like most of their male counterparts, were amateur historians. Their writings were celebratory in nature, and they were uncritical in their selection and use of sources.During the nineteenth century, however, certain feminists(女权主义者) showed a keen sense of history by keeping records of activities in which women were engaged. National, regional, and local women‘s organizations assembled accounts of their doings. Personal correspondence (通信), newspaper clippings, and souvenirs were saved and stored. These sources from the core of the two greatest collections of women‘s history in the United States, one at the Eliz abeth and ArthurSchlesinger Library at RadclifféCollege, and the other the Sophia Smith Collection at Smith College. Such sources have provided valuable materials for later generations of historians.Despite the gathering of more information about ordinary women during the nineteenth century, most of the writing about women conformed to the ―great women‖ theory of history, just as much of mainstream American history concentrated on ―great men‖. To demonstrate that women were making significant contributions to American life, female authors singled out women leaders and wrote biographies, or else important women produced their autobiographies. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women‘s right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary woman. The lives of ordinary people continued, generally, to be untold in the American histories being published.74. What is the passage mainly about?A. The role of literature in early American histories.B. The place of American women in written histories.C. The keen sense of history shown by American women.D. The ―great women‖ approach to history used by American historians.75. In the 1st paragraph, Bradstreet, Warren, and Adams are mentioned to show that ________.A. a woman‘s status was changed by marriageB. even the contributions of outstanding women were ignoredC. only three women were able to get their writing publishedD. poetry produced by women was more readily accepted than other writing by women76. In the 2nd paragraph, what weakness in 19th-century histories does the author point out?A. They put too much emphasis on daily activities.B. They left out discussion of the influence of money on politics.C. They were printed on poor-quality paper.D. The sources of the information they were based on were not necessarily accurate.77. What use was made of the 19th-century women‘s history materials in the Schlesinge rLibrary and the Sophia Smith Collection?A. They were combined and published in a multivolume encyclopedia.B. They formed the basis of college courses in the nineteenth century.C. They provided valuable information for twentieth-century historical researchers.D. They were shared among women‘s colleges throughout the United States.Keys: 74-77 BBDCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)What we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art, or mathematics during pregnancy seem totally impossible. How could such extremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child? There is no connection between their nervous systems. Even the blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly. An emotional shock to the mother will affect her child, because it changes the activity of her glands (腺体) and so the chemistry of her blood. Any chemical change in the mother's blood will affect the child for better or worse. But we can not see how a looking for mathematics or poetic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce a similar liking or genius in the child.In our discussion of instincts we saw that there was reason to believe that whatever we inherit must be of some very simple sort rather than any complicated or very definite kind of behavior. It is certain that no one inherits a knowledge of mathematics. It may be, however, that children inherit more or less of a rather general ability that we may call intelligence. If very intelligent children become deeply interested in mathematics, they will probably make a success of that study.As for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited is an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar。

2015学年第二学期高三调研考英语试卷2016.03.18考试时间：120分钟满分：150分第I 卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At 1:00 p.m. B. At 1:30 p.m. C. At 2:00 p.m. D. At 2:30 p.m.2. A. In a park. B. In a museum. C. In a zoo. D. In a pet store.3. A. 12. B. 24. C. 36. D. 48.4. A. The man’s job. B. T he woman’s health.C. A class they are talking about.D. A new medicine for headaches5. A. Boss and secretary. B. Teacher and student.C. Customer and waitress.D. Doctor and patient.6. A. He thought it was a success. B. He didn’t think it was successful.C. He enjoyed it very much.D. He thought it was well worth seeing.7. A. He wonders why they can’t go for a walk in the park.B. He doesn’t want to go for a walk in the park.C. He won’t go out with the woman.D. He thinks it’s a good idea.8. A. Watching movies is inexpensive entertainment. B. Going to movie is his hobby.C. The movie is his favorite.D. He will go to see the movie again.9. A. He’ll miss th e meeting that afternoon. B. He’ll have an appointment with the host.C. He won’t miss the meeting.D. He is very hard-working.10. A. Jane was telling a joke. B. Jane wasn’t sincere.C. Jane has already come back from Paris.D. Jane wasn’t in Paris that day.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Because dogs did not share water bowls. B. Because dogs were not on a leash.C. Because dogs may spread disease.D. Because dogs might scare children.12. A. California. B. Florida. C. Maryland. D. Washington.13. A. The new law will once again help New York win the reputation of new fashion in the US.B. The new law will help to develop its economy growth by attracting dog owners.C. The new law will break the balance between health laws and flexibility for businesses.D. The new law will help to stop the sale of large amounts of soft drinks in New York.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Because pumpkin business is growing fast there.B. Because they like to drink beer made of pumpkins.C. Because they can enjoy eating a variety of pumpkins.D. Because they can get the pumpkins for Halloween carving.15. A. 150,000. B. 50. C. 40. D. 100, 000.16. A. It’s a big demand. B. It’s the bad weather.C. It’s the Halloween.D. It’s di fferent sizes, shapes and colors.Part C Longer ConversationsDirections: In Part C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection A （16%）Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answer are grammatically correct.ADad was always full of advice, but one of the biggest lessons he taught me one summer was about having a strong work ethic. When my brother and I were growing up, we mowed yards during thesummer___25___(earn) pocket change. Dad was our salesman. He told our neighbors about our service and offered a price they could not refuse. My brother and I got $10 (64 yuan) per yard. I later found out that our friends were charging $20 or more for the same amount of work.___26___ ___26___ we headed out to mow lawns, Dad was there to watch. I used to wonder___27___ he came with us. He stood ___28___(supervise) our work in the heat when he could have been inside relaxing with air conditioning and an icy drink.One day we were cutting our next-door neig hbor’s yard. She always waited until the grass was knee-high to call us over. To make matters worse, we had ___29___ old lawn mower. This particular afternoon, I was finishing up and was tired and sweaty.I was just about to cut off the lawn mower when I saw Dad pointing to one piece of grass. He yelled: “You missed a piece.”I frowned, hoping he would let it slide and let me go home. He kept pointing. So, tired and ___30___ (disappoint), I went back to cut that piece of grass. I mumbled to myself: “That one piece isn’t hurting anyone. Why won’t he just let it go?”But when I reached adulthood, I understood his message: When you’re running a business, the work you do says a great deal about you. If you want to be seen as an entrepreneur (企业家) with integrity, you ___31___ deliver a quality product. That single blade of grass meant the job was not done.___32___ neighbors took notice of the good work we did and we soon got more business. We started out with one client (客户), but by the end of the summer we had five.BThe Bangladeshi-American, Salman Khan was born in 1976 to a poor immigrant family. He knew clearly___33___ education could give people power and change their lives for the better: Khan went to a public high schoo l ___34___ “a few classmates were fresh out of jail”, as he told The New York Times, but he got into the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.He got Bachelor of Science degrees in mathematics, electrical engineering and computer science, and also got a Master of Business Administration degree from Harvard Business School. Khan then worked as a successful hedge-fund analyst (对冲基金分析师).It all began in 2004___35___ Khan began tutoring his cousins who were having difficulty with math. To make it easier to communicate with them, he decided to put the lessons online as a series of videos. His cousins quickly found that they preferred seeing Khan online.“___36___ (have) a video lesson that they could pause and repeat made it easier to learn ” commented Wired magazine. without tiring their tutor.He started to realize that the videos could help a lot more people and never grow old. He then quit his job, made more than 4,800 videos teaching math of all grades, put them online, and started Khan Academy in 2006.“My ideas about teaching were straightforward and deeply personal. I wanted to teach in the way I wished that I___37___(teach). I hoped to show the joy of learning, the excitement of understanding things about the universe. I wanted to pass along to students not only the logic but the beauty of math and science,” he wrote in his book The One World Schoolhouse: Education Reimagined.The academy has become so popular across the world___38___ celebrities and businesspeople are starting to offer donations, including Microsoft founder Bill Gates. He has donated more than $9 million (about 57 million yuan) to the academy organization, reported Forbes.However, Khan doesn’t want to make money from it. “My goal is to make learning faster for students of all ages. ___39___ so little effort on my own part, I can give a large number of people power for all time.I can’t think of a___40___ (good) use of my time,” Khan said in his TED talk.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.You never think it will happen to you. It was just a Friday night at a rock show. The ___41___was so happy and everyone was dancing and smiling. And then when the men came through the front entrance and began the shooting, we naively believed it was all part of the show. It wasn’t just a terrorist___42___, it was a massacre. Dozens of people were shot right in front of me. Pools of blood filled the floor. Cries of grown men who held their girlfriends’ dead bodies pierced the small music concert hall. Futures ruined, families___43___.In an instant.Shocked and alone, I pretended to be dead for over an hour, lying among people who couldsee their loved ones ___44___. Holding my breath, trying to not move, not cry - not givingthose men the fear they longed to see. I was___45___ lucky to survive.But so many didn’t. The people who had been there for the exact same reasons as I - to have a fun Friday night were___46___. This world is cruel. And acts like this are supposed to highlight the depravity of humans and the images of those men circling us like vultures will haunt me for the rest of my life. The way they___47___ aimed at shot people around the standing area I was in the centre of without any ___48___ for human life. It didn’t feel real. I expected any moment for s omeone to say it was just a(n) ___49___.But being a survivor of this horror lets me able to shed light on the heroes. you make me believe this world has the___50___to be better. To never let this happen again.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.For most people today, their GPS (Global Positioning System) has become a lifeline, giving directions to the nearest bathroom or restaurant. But the___51___ we pay for the convenience could be our sense of___52___.“I do think GPS devices cause our navigational skills to atrophy (萎缩),” said Nora Newcombe, a psychologist at Temple Universit y in the US who studies how the human brain ___53___. “The problem is that you don’t see an overview (概貌) of the area and where you are in relation to other things.”To understand the risk, you first need to ___54___ how our brain keeps us from getting lost. Throughexperiments, researchers have found that our navigational strategies usually fall into two groups.The first involves a spatial (空间的) map inside your brain. As you___55___ an area, you think about how the streets fit together and the best way to get between different locations. ___56___, the map lets you navigate between any two points in the area.The second involves a series of landmarks and steps: Turn right at the gas station, and your school is on the left. It’s quick and reliable, ___57___ less flexible –it doesn’t help you get from your school to a totally new place, even if it’s nearby.These two methods might not sound all that different, but according to Newcombe’s research, people who are bad at navigation have trouble with the first strategy – creating spatial maps. ___58___, through further studies Newcombe has come to believe that people’s ability to create spatial maps is decided by how___59___ we use the skill.That helps___60___ what happens when people trust themselves with GPS devices. According to Veronique Bohbot of McGill University, people using navigation based on direction show more activity in their caudate nucleus (尾状核) – the part of the brain that is good at following directions – but less activity in the hippocampus (海马体), which creates the spatial maps.It turns out that our sense of direction isn’t the only thing we could lose.One thing that could go is our___61___ to the environment we travel through. Researchers have found that when people___62___ GPS directions while driving, their memory of their trip is of a route on a___63___ , rather than the landscape they traveled through.___64___, researchers believe that active navigation___65___ the type of thinking used in all kinds of spatial processes. “It’s things like urban planning, and looking at a map to see where resources are. That’s not replaceable by your phone,” Newcombe said.51. A. price B. service C. attention D. curiosity52. A. balance B. direction C. control D. satisfaction53. A. works B. thinks C. learns D. navigates54. A. decide B. calculate C. understand D. predict55. A. explore B. cover C. travel D. map56. A. Unfortunately B. Eventually C. Slowly D. Reluctantly57. A. even B. although C. but D. much58. A. For example B. As a result C. In fact D. What’s more59. A. often B. much C. long D. soon60. A. move B. evaluate C. explain D. detect61. A. judgment B. connection C. decision D. treatment62. A. rely on B. focus on C. object to D. adapt to63. A. window B. key C. press D. screen64. A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Above all65. A. displays B. improves C. provides D. involvesSection BDirections:Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, and C, D. Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Not everyone who has cancer dies from it. In fact, there are nearly 12 million cancer survivors living in the United States today. However, if your loved one's cancer cannot be cured or controlled with treatment, then planning for how you and your loved one will handle the last stages of the disease can ease the burden for both of you. Ideally, you should make these decisions together, while your loved one is well enough to participate. Doing so can help give your loved one a sense of control and relieve you from having to make difficult decisions on your own at a time when you need to grieve.What kinds of things should we plan for?Palliative care:The goals of palliative care include relieving pain, improving emotional, spiritual and mental well being, and support for family members. A number of people can be involved in providing care, including members of the health care team, family, friends, a counselor or spiritual advisor. Palliative care can take place in a hospice setting.Hospice care:Talk with your loved one about hospice care and advanced directives. Hospice care is for people whose illness can’t be cured or controlled with treatment. Hospice focuses on providing the most dignified, pain-free existence possible to people in their last stage of life. Advanced directives are instructions on what kind of care your loved one wishes to receive when he or she becomes unable to make medical decisions. Financial and legal issues:You and your loved one may wish to have an accountant or lawyer help you sort through financial and legal issues. You can review items such as your loved one's insurance policies, finances and his or her will. Make a list of people who should be contacted upon the death of your loved one, such as friends and family, employer, financial advisor and members of his or her place of worship. You may also want to make a list of where to find items like important documents, computer or cell phone details, car keys, credit cards and passport.Funeral arrangements:Perhaps the most difficult part of this process is planning your loved one's funeral. Talk with your loved one about his or her preferences (for example, burial or cremation) in relation to your budget. Ask your loved one how he or she wants the service to be conducted. For example, you may want to discuss hymns or readings to include in the ceremony and people your loved one would like to have as pallbearers. Don't feel that any detail is too small to discuss. When selecting a funeral provider, be sure to compare prices, services and payment options. It will be easier to do this sooner rather than later.66. The following measures are often used in palliative care period except ____________.A. relieving the patient’s painB. improving the mental state of the patientC. curing the patientD. supporting for family members67. What is the most important thing we should do during the hospice care stage?A. Respect the patient and providing him with comfort and careB. Talking with him about the money matters involving treatment.C. Making decision with him about the funeral issues.D. Inviting all family members and his friends to visit him.68. The underlined word pallbearers in the last paragraph most probably refer to the people who_____.A. volunteer to help dying patientB. carry the coffin for the deadC. deal with burial or cremation issuesD. help the dying handle financial and legal issues69. What is the most appropriate title of the passage?A. How to Deal With DeathB. Facing Death RealisticallyC. The Last Chance for the DyingD. End-of-Life Issues for the Caregiver(B)Information on Metabolic Syndrome (新陈代谢综合征)A. high triglycerides levelB. high blood sugar after fastingC. abdominal obesityD. low HDL (good) cholesterol73. We can infer from the graph that_____________.A. keeping slim is a fashionable trend nowadays.B. stopping smoking can make us healthy mentally and physically.C. taking less meat and salt can help maintain normal blood pressure.D. a little lifestyle changing can make a big difference in our body condition.(C)The vast, rural stretches of the United States have, in many ways, defined the American spirit. Up until the 20th century, the majority of Americans lived in the countryside, in what’s called “Middle America” or “the Heartland”.But researc h has shown that growing up in America’s Heartland can put students at a disadvantage when it comes to their college education. This, in turn, can hinder (to make it difficult for something to develop or succeed )their social mobility.A 2015 study released by the US Department of Education investigated the gap between urban and rural college students, by concentrating on a group of high school graduates from Indiana.US’ national statistics had previously shown that only 27 percent of rural students enroll in college, compared to 37 percent of city kids.What the study found was that urban and rural students left high school with similar academic backgrounds. Yet, the rural students were more inclined to settle for two-year colleges or less selective universities, even though they had the potential to attend to better schools.The researchers say distance heavily influenced the students’ decisions. “The farther rural graduates’ high schools were from colleges, the more likely rural graduates were to enroll in a two-year college or to ‘undermatch’ with a college,” the report read. Many of the rural students indicated that living close to family was a priority.But the researchers also noted that resources were scarcer for the rural students. Selective universities tended to concentrate their recruitment efforts on dense, urban centers, where there were more students to meet.A rural teen’s educational opportunities may also depend on gender. Casey Quinlan, writing for The Atlantic, notes that rural women are mo re likely to marry sooner. “Early marriage occurs most frequently among young adults with low educational background,” Quinlan said, citing a 2010 study.But the problem of social mobility isn’t limited to the rural population. The United States has one of the highest rates of income inequality among developed nations. And by some measures, rural residents might have an advantage.Stanford University’s 2015 Poverty and Inequality Report found that poverty was hardest to escape in the American South, and in places with high racial segregation. It concluded that urban areas actually “tend to have lower rates of social mobility than rural areas”.“The successful children growing up in rural areas do not just‘move up’but also generally ‘move out’. That is, the y typically move to large metropolitan areas, often out of their state of birth,” the report explained.Rural areas are also hoping to give their residents a boost up the social ladder. In Kansas, graduates can get $15,000 (95,297 yuan) to pay off their student debt if they move to a rural county. They keep more money in their pockets and get to enjoy more economic freedom as a result.74.What is the main reason that the rural graduates choose to enter two-year college or to ‘undermatch’ witha college?A. The graduates in the rural areas start a family as early as possible.B.Many of the graduates regard living close to family as a priority.C.A rural teen’s educational opportunities may also depend on gender.D. Most young adults with low educational backgrounds lose the chance easily.75. The successful children growing up in rural areas do not just‘move up’but also generally ‘move out’Here ‘move up’ means that they can___________.A. enjoy luxury life like top classB. develop themselves faster than everC. come into the top class of a collegeD. climb to the top of the social ladder76. From the research released by the US Department of Education, we know that ____________.A. the gender gap might hinder the development of the graduates in the rural areaB. the distance outweighs the academic backgrounds in graduates decision makingC. the social ladder gap might stop graduates from being enrolled into better collegesD. the racial segregation stops the graduates in the rural area getting high salary77. From what author has described in the last paragraph We can predict that _______________.A. the policy might encourage girls in the rural area marry earlierB. the policy might attract more graduates to work in the rural areaC. the policy might make selective universities to focus on the rural areaD. the policy might make it easier for the graduates to develop better and fasterSection CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than 10 words.The huge fortunes made by the world’s richest 100 billionaires are increasing inequality and making it difficult for the world to tackle ( handle) poverty, according to Oxfam.The charity said the accumulation of wealth and income often led to a reduction in secure jobs and decent wages for the poorest people. This made it more difficult for people who survive on aid or low wages to improve their situation and escape poverty.Oxfam said the world’s poorest could be take n out of poverty several times over if the richest 100 billionaires would give away the money they made in 2012.Without naming anyone, the charity argued that the $240bn made in 2012 by the richest 100 billionaires would be enough to end extreme poverty four times over.It is unusual for charities to attack the wealthy, because they are usually seen as a source of money. Bill Gates and Warren Buffett are among a group of 40 US billionaires who have said they will give much of their wealth to aid projects, but there is little detail about the level of their annual donations. Russian, Middle Eastern or Chinese billionaires have not promised to do the same.In the report, The Cost of Inequality: How Wealth and Income Extremes Hurt Us All, published just before the World Economic Forum in Davos, the charity asks world leaders to commit to reducing inequality to at least 1990 levels.The report found that the richest 1% had increased their incomes by 60% in the past 20 years. And the financial crisis has sped up, not slowed, the process.Barbara Stocking, Oxfam’s Chief Executive, said studies show that countries suffer low levels of investment and growth as workers are forced to survive on a smaller share of total incomes.She said: “We can no longer pretend that the creation of wealth for a few will benefit the many – too often the reverse is true.”The report said the issue affected all parts of the world. “In the UK, inequality is rapidly returning to levels not seen since the nineteenth century. In China, the top 10% now earn nearly 60% of the income. Chinese inequality levels are now similar to those in South Africa, which is now the most unequal country on Earth.”In the US, the share of national income going to the top 1% has doubled since 1980 from 10 to 20%, the report says.Members of the richest 1% are estimated to cause as much as 10,000 times more pollution than the average US citizen.Oxfam said world leaders should learn from countries such as Brazil, which has grown rapidly while reducing inequality.Stocking said: “We need to reverse decades of increasing inequality. As a first step, world leaders should formally agree to reduce inequality to the levels seen in 1990.”She said closing tax havens, which holds as much as $31 trillion, or as much as a third of all global wealth, could collect $189bn in additional taxes.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. According to Oxfam only ______ dollars would be needed to tackle world poverty.79. Why do Oxfam especially criticize billionaires in China, Russia and the Middle East?80. In what way is it claimed that billionaires cause environmental damage?81. What one action could relieve much of the poverty in the world?第II卷（共47 分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.不好意思，他现在不在，请过会儿再来电。

Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Asia TEFL and the Far Eastern English Language Teachers’ Association 14th Asia TEFL International Conference and 11th FEELTA International Conference invite proposals for their joint conference on language teaching and learning:“Connecting Professionally on ELT in Asia:Crossing the Bridge to Excellence”to be held on 30 June – 2 July, 2016 atThe Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, RussiaCALL FOR PRESENTATIONSConference DescriptionThe 14th Asia TEFL and 11th FEELTA international conference places emphasis on working towards special skills or knowledge in English Language Teaching through being connected professionally in Asia and worldwide. Professional networks link teachers from a variety of educational contexts, helping to develop research, advance skills and update knowledge. We invite educators, scholars and policy makers to cooperate and share teaching theories, excellent teaching ideas and relevant practices.The meaning of the ―bridge‖ in our theme is inspired by the place of the confere nce. The university campus is located on Russky Island ―across the bridge‖ from the mainland. It also refers to new horizons and perspectives in the field of ELT that we discover when we ―cross the bridge‖Conference SubtopicsWe invite papers on the following subtopics in ELT:●ELT curriculum and design●Materials writing●Teacher education and professional development●Teaching literature and the arts●Interpreting and translation●Global Issues in Language EducationTypes of PresentationsAll presentations will be given in English. Presenters are encouraged to hand in full papers of their presentation to the Journal of Asia TEFL to be considered for publication.●Papers: 30 minutes●Workshops: 60 minutes●Poster presentations: displayed all day ---- presenters are expected to stand by their postersready to explain and discuss them, for 60 minutes.●Group discussions: 90 minutesProposal Submission (提交)Materials to be submitted:● a title of up to ten words●an abstract of not more than 200 words● a self-introduction of not more than 60 wordsAll proposals must be submitted online through the link: http://feelta.wl.dvfu.ru/asiatefl-feelta-2016●Presentation submission opens: November 1, 2015●Deadline for submission: February 29, 2016Questions about proposal submission can be addressed to Larisa Krainik, Abstract Committee Chair:feeltacon@70. What does the expression ―Crossing the Bridge to Excellence‖ in the title imply?B. the process from knowledge to skills on language teaching and learning.C. inviting proposals about new horizons and perspectives in the field of ELT.D. Coming from every country in the world to the Far Eastern Federal University.71. The joint international conference will be held to ______.A. be connected professionally in Asia and worldwideB. call for presentations of the educators, scholars and policy makersC. work towards special skills or knowledge in English Language TeachingD. provide a chance for teachers to cooperate and share theories, ideas and practices72. According tothe passage, what can be learned from the conference?A. How to achieve good results in the English exams.B. Effective communication skills among teachers.C. How to helpteachers to share research skills.D. Effective teaching approaches and theories.73. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. the presentations are most likely to have been published during the conferenceB. all presentations must be submitted formally online within the required timeC. presenters can only choose to take part in one of the types of presentationsD. presentations are requiredto be explained to the participants publiclySection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)70. If you wish to complete two tours in one day, you would probably choose________.A. Sunshine Coast and Montville Tour and Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary TourB. Brisbane City Morning Tour and Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary TourC. Brisbane City Morning Tour and Sunshine Coast and Noosa TourD. Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour and Sunshine Coast and Montville Tour71. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Visitors may learn the colonial history of Brisbane River from Kangaroo Point Cliffs.B. Visitors may have a close look at animals in Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour.C. If you want to visit Underwater World, you may choose Brisbane City Morning Tour.D. If 2 adults and 2 children, aged 3 and 9, attend tour B410, they should pay $ 281.72. What is the tone of this tour guide information booklet?A. Welcoming and humorous.B. Warm and inviting.C. Modest and initiative.D. Casual and compulsory.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)70. According to Miss Manners, the proper way to deal with a kid asking for gifts is _______.A. to ignore the kid’s request for giftsB. to scold the kid for asking for presentsC. to tell kids gift giving is voluntary and two-wayD. to advise the kid’s mum to teach him proper manners71. Which of the following does Miss Manners advise you to do at a party?A. Suggest guests arriving during the event.B. Directly remind guests to leave at a proper time.C. Inform guests of both starting and finishing hours.D. Give guests clear hint when they should leave the party.72. In witch part of a newspaper can you find this passage?A. Advice Section.B. Live Chats Section.C. Entertainment Section.D. Classified Ads Section.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)What we doEFP Courses provide courses in English language andBritish culture. Our courses are aimed at students aged between12 and 17 who are at pre-intermediate level or above in English. The courses are held in Guildford,a historic town near London.Typical structure of a one-week courseup to 25 hours of English run by native speakers, qualified in teaching English as a foreign language and specialist drama teachers2 full-day sightseeing trips to London and Oxford (at weekends)fullboard(全食宿) with local, English-speaking familiesWhen we run the coursesEFP courses can be organized only during British state school terms. For this academic year, courses can be booked between now and 23 May and between 30 May and 30 June. We welcome you to book from 3 September 2016 to 25 October 2016 and from 31 October to 20 December 2016.Why choose EFP coursesin addition to our standard English classes, we also run drama and expression English classes, taught by specialist drama teacherswe expose our students to British culture for the entire length of the coursewe tailor courses to each group’s needs, creating a unique experience for our students. Note that any changes to our courses are made within reason and only if all participants from a group share the same language level. Please see further details on our website.Length of a courseEFP courses run for either one or two weeks depending on the specific requirements for your group.How to applyPlease register your interest by sending an email to info@. By contacting us before you make any travel arrangements you ensure that we can put your group up on the dates that you require. For more details, please visit .See you in Guildford soon!70. What does the leaflet tell us about EFP courses?A.Their target students are teenagers of all English levels.B. They are available on the school campuses in London and Oxford.C. Every individual participant is supplied with tailored language support.D. They involve students in British culture activities during the whole course.71. Suppose you are to take EFP courses this academic year, you can ______.A. hand in an application by visiting their websiteB. enjoy a special series of lessons for a whole school termC. experience English dramas with English-speaking familiesD. make a reservation from October 31 to December 2072. The purpose of this writing is to ______.A. attract qualified teachers to EFP coursesB. demonstrate the popularity of EFP coursesC. offer group students access to EFP coursesD. illustrate the importance of EFP coursesSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Edinburgh– the fourth most beautiful city in theworldHere are some of our favourite spots for eating, sightseeing and shopping.Need inspiration?Scott Monument This remarkable Gothic building was built in memory of the life and work of Sir Walter S cott. Climb the 287 steps to the top and you’ll be rewardedwith some pretty special views.History lovers?Edinburgh Castle looks over the city skyline from Castle Rock. You can take a tour (human or audio) or just wander through it with a map. Listenout for the One o’clock Gun –it fires every day except Sunday. At oneo'clock. Obviously.Time your trains With cheap train tickets to Edinburgh to coincideFeeling hungry?A satisfying dinner:With ingredients carefully sourced from local growers, plus home-grown fresh fruits and edible flowers, Timberyard has favourable reviews.A light lunch: Thomson’s Bar claims to serve ―the best steak pie in Edinburgh‖, to matchwith real beer (it’s in the Good Beer Guide) and enough whiskies (威士忌酒) to take up a whole page on the drinks menu.ShoppingcentrePrinces Street: You’ll find all your favourites on Edinburgh’s main shopping drag, Princes Street. There’s M&S, Gap and Waterstones and also a bit of a retaillandmark in the shape of Jenners department store.Harvey Nichols: A byword(代名词) for luxury, Harvey Nicks is loved by the fashion pack.Gucci, Victoria Beckham and Marc Jacobs will try to separate you fromyour cash.Hidden EdinburghEdinburgh’s deepest secret (literally) is a network of underground streets, which you can tour with a guide. Try ―The Real Mary King’s Close‖ to uncover some of the myths and mysteries as to how the street, once open to the skies, found itself underground.Need trains to Edinburgh? We‟ll get you sorted…70. Where can visitors enjoy a full view of the city in Edinburgh?A. Scott Monument.B. Edinburgh Castle.C. Timberyard.D. The Real Mary King’s Close.71. While shopping in Edinburgh, we may find that ___________.A. Princes Street is the place where celebrities go shoppingB. Edinburgh’s main shopping drag is extremely expensiveC. many high-end brands can be found in Harvey NicholsD. one cannot pay in cash when shopping in Harvey Nichols72. The underlined word“edible”is closest in meaning to _____________.A. beautifulB. eatableC. visibleD. delicate73. This page is most likely to be found at ___________.A. /en-hk/destinations/edinburgh/flights-to-edinburghB. https:///en/tour-scotland/one-day-tours-scotland-from-edinburghC. https:///our-destinations/edinburgh-overviewD. /discover/about-the-castleSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North American colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a period of centuries from town economies to their present urban structure. In North America, they started as wilderness communities and developed to mature urbanism in little more than a century.In the early colonial days in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline, mostly in what are now New England and Middle Atlantic states in the United Statesand in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada. This was natural because these areas were nearest to England and France, particularly England, from which most capital goods (资产)(such as equipment) and many consumer goods were imported. Merchandising establishments were, accordingly, advantageously located in port cities from which goods could be readily distributed to interior settlements. Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials before export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other cities flourished, and, as the colonies grew, these cities increased in importance.This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as plantations (种植园), rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic coastline. The local isolation and the economic self-sufficiency of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The plantations maintained their independence because they were located on navigable(可通航的) streams and each had a wharf(码头) accessible to the small shipping of that day. In fact, one of the strongest factors in the selection of plantation land was the desire to have its front on a water highway.When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single city as large as 50,000 inhabitants, but by 1820 it had a city of more than 10,000 people, and by 1880 it had recorded a city of over one million. It was not until after 1823, after the mechanization of the spinning had weaving industries, that cities started drawing young people away from farms. Such migration was particularly rapid following the Civil War (1861-1865).69. The word ―they‖ in the 1st paragraph refers to ________.A. North American coloniesB. citiesC. centuriesD. town economies70. During colonial times, the Atlantic coastline cities prepared ________ for shipment toEurope.A. manufacturing equipmentB. capital goodsC. consumer goodsD. raw materials71. The growth of southern cities was influenced by the following aspects of the plantationsystem EXCEPT ________.A.the relationships between plantation residents and city residentsB. the access of plantation owners to shippingC. the location of the plantationsD. the economic self-sufficiency of the plantations72. In the 3rd paragraph, the phrase ―antagonistic to‖is closest in meaning to ________.A. opposed toB. in favor ofC. based onD. tied to73. What is the passage mainly about?A. Factors that slowed the growth of cities in Europe.B. Trade between North American and European cities.C. The evolution of cities in North America.D. The effects of the United Sates’ independence on urban growth in New England.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.BLearn To Speak French With Rocket French!Who Wants to Learn to Speak French Fluently in the Shortest Possible Time? If You Answered “I Do!” Then Please Read on to Try My FREE 6-Day French Course.Why do you want to learn to speak French?★Do you live in a French-speaking country and want to communicate better?★Are you traveling to a French-speaking country?★Are you a home-schooled student or a parent who wants your children to learn more quickly and easily?★Are you a student who wants to get an A in French?★Have you learned French before and want a fun refresher course?Or, perhaps you just have an interest in learning the language of love!I’ve designed Rocket French Premium to be the easiest to follow, fastest system for learning how to speak French available. Rocket French Premium is an interactive course that makes you want to study. Also, it’s practical. You are going to be able to speak at a restaurant, at an airport, and with new friends!It’s a great experience to be able to speak with others in a different language. You will be able to enter into a different culture, a different world! Being bilingual is a very special ability, and it’s a gift that we want to give to you.So are you ready to get to know the secret of learning a new language? You’re looking right at it.Try our free six-day course. If you don’t, you’ll be missing a valuable opportunity to see just how much Rocket French Premium can improve your language level. Thousands of people worldwide have used our unique multimedia course to fast-track their French learning, while having piles of fun in the process. Will you be next?Your e-mail address is required for you to receive the FREE course. You can unsubscribe any time and your e-mail address will never be given to any third party.70. Who are target learners of Rocket French Premium?A. Students of French language.B. Language experts doing research into French.C. Teachers who are eager to improve their students’ French.D. Parents who want their children to learn French more quickly and easily.71. Rocket French Premium describes itself as ______.A. free and funnyB. practical and interactiveC. slow but efficientD. suitable for everyone72. The underlined word‖ fast-track‖ probably m eans _______ .A. speed upB. pick upC. influenceD. change73. According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE?A. A complete Rocket French course lasts for 6 days.B. Thousands of people worldwide have benefited from Rocket French Premium.C. People will enroll in Rocket French Premium for different reasons, but everyone will begiven a gift eventually.D. Rocket French Premium mainly aims to introduce second-language learners to Frenchculture.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.∙TAKE PARTTHE GAMES RIO DE JANEIRO TICKETS︾TORCH︾NEWS︾MORE︾∙News/ News∙25/05/2015 Updated on February, 18th, 2016, 16:11 Follow the race to qualify for the Rio 2016 Olympic Games As competition to reach the first Olympic Games in South America hots up, lists the countries and athletes who have booked their placesMedals will be fought for in 42 sport disciplines at the Rio 2016 Olympic GamesAthletes and teams from more than 200 countries are battling for places at the Rio 2016 Olympic Games. All over the world, qualification tournaments are taking place, while athletes are striving to rise up the world rankings or record the marks necessary to compete in Rio next year.This article will be regularly updated to report the confirmed results of the qualifying competitions in the 42 sports that will feature in the Rio 2016 Olympic Games. Just click on the sports you are interested in to see the information drop down. (Qualification systems attached) is not an absolute authority on qualification for the Olympic and Paralympic Games ( 残奥会), which is an ongoing process. Final places will only be confirmed in July 2016 (for the Olympic Games) and August 2016 ( for the Paralympic Games ). The qualification systems are defined by each sport‟s respective International Federation and the International Olympic Committee or International Paralympic Committee ( IOC OR IPC ), and are subject to change. When an athlete or team wins a quota( 配额；指标) place for their nation, the final decision on whether this …slot‟ is used and which athletes are sent is taken by the respective National Olympic Committee or National Paralympic Committee (NOC or NPC). Even when athletes win a …nominal‟ place for themselves, NOCs / NPCs may have to decide who to send if the number of qualified athletes from one country exceeds the quota .ARCHERY ARTISTIC GYMNASTICS ATHLETICS BADMINTONBASKETBALL BEACH VOLLEYBALL BMX CYCLING BOXING> MORE>70. Which of the following is correct according to the web page?A.Athletes and teams are battling for 42 places in qualifying competitions.B.Qualification can be achieved according to the world rankings of the athletes.C.All qualified athletes who have earned places will be sent to the Rio Olympics.D.The qualification system for football is determined by IOC.71. When you click on the sports, you will probably read the following information EXCEPT___________.A.the Olympic qualification system for each of the 42 sportsB.the list of the countries that have qualified for the OlympicsC.the official release of the qualifying competitions resultsD.the world rankings of the athletes in previous years72. Which of the following about ―a quota place for the Olympics‖ is NOT correct?A.Each nation must earn a quota place to send athletes to the Olympic Games.B.It is possible that unplaced athletes will win quota places for the Olympic Games.C. A quota place guarantees the athlete who earns it will be competing in theOlympic Games.D.Each National Olympic Committee makes the final decision on which athlete to fill thequota.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（B）missionary work of St Patrick and his followers, and to his Early ChristianDown.which were recentlyexhibition provides an overview Rising and will explore a selection of themes including how the Rising was reported in local newspapers and its impact on local politics and society.Pre-booking essential.textile(纺织的) pieces, silversmithing and jewellery made by artists living and working in County Down.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Vancouver(温哥华)Natural ResourcesAs a major centre for the global forestry industry, Vancouver is host to many international forestry conferences and events, and the natural home of the massive BC forestry business. Companies such as Canfor and West Fraser Timber Co., the second and third largest lumber（木材）producers in the world, are headquartered in Vancouver. Vancouver is also a major centre for the mining industry.International tradeInternational trade is a key part for Vancouver's economy. The city has Canada's largest port and is one of North America's major gateways for Pan-Pacific（泛太平洋）trade. The Port of Vancouver ranks first in North America in total foreign exports and second on the West Coast in total goods volume.Banking and FinancialThe headquarters for HSBC Canada （汇丰银行）is located in the Financial District in downtown. Canada's third largest commercial entity (实体), Jim Pattison Group is also based in Vancouver.International relationVancouver is a major centre for diplomacy (外交) and foreign relations. Most countries of the world have consulate（领事馆）or general offices in the Central Business District. In fact, many major diplomatic conferences are hosted by the city - including the world famous G7 summit with President Clinton, APEC, and the World Trade Organization. Greenpeace has its world headquarters in the city. Therefore, Vancouver was among the first North American cities to declare itself a Nuclear Weapons Free Zone.TourismTourism is a leading industry to Vancouver. The Whistler-Blackcomb Resort is among the most popular skiing resorts in North America, and will be the site of the downhill events of the 2010 Winter Olympics. Vancouver's beaches, parks, waterfronts, and mountain backdrops and its multi- cultural character attract more and more tourists.FilmVancouver was the source of the sobriquet（绰号）"Hollywood North", for hosting theproduction of about ten percent of Hollywood's movies. Many U.S. television and films series are shot exclusively in Vancouver. This has partly been because of the favourable Canadian dollar exchange rate.70. Which of the following description about Vancouver is NOT true according to the passage?A.The Port of Vancouver ranks first in North America in total foreign exports.B.Vancouver is a film production centre and called ―Hollywood North".C.International forestry conferences and events were held in Vancouver.D.Vancouver is a leading centre for the global agriculture and industry.71. Which of the following organizations or events is not related to Vancouver?A. Jim Pattison GroupB. WHOC. GreenpeaceD. The 2010 Winter Olympics72. If you are a graduate from Shanghai Finance and Economics University, what is it thatwill probably attract you to visit Vancouver?A. Its international trade.B. Its film industry.C. HSBC Canada.D. Its beautiful natural scenery.73. We can infer______ from the part: International relation.A. Vancouver is a major centre for foreign relations.B. Vancouver has hosted many major diplomatic conferences.C. APEC and WTO are headquartered in Vancouver.D. Canada is a peace-loving country.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Care for a zoom-in observation of animals with no bars between you and the observed opposed to ordinary zoos? Where to have close-up encounters with some of the world’s most rare animals.? We are revealing for you:1. Right whales, Bay of Fundy, CanadaNorthern right whales are on the brink of extinction, but survivors arrive in the Bay of Fundy each summer (May through October) to feed east of Grand Manan Island. They are recognized by a broad back and no dorsal fin, which distinguish them from other whales entering the bay. Planning: Whale-watching tours operate out of Digby Neck peninsula on Nova Scotia and nearby islands, such as Brier Island, St. Andrews, Grand Manan Island, and Deer Island.2. Grizzly bears, AlaskaGrizzlies like salmon. In mid-July and again in mid-August, grizzlies make for Alaskan rivers to hook out the fish with their formidable claws. The bears gather in large numbers at rapids and pools, sometimes fighting for the best sites. Brooks Falls in Katmai National Park, and Fish Creek, near Hyder, have viewing platforms.Planning: Most fishing sites are accessed by chartered light aircraft and a hike. Hyder is off the Stewart-Cassiar Highway.3. Monarch butterflies, Sierra Chincua, MexicoEach fall, millions of North American monarch butterflies migrate thousands of miles to the oyamel fir forests of the Transvolcanic Mountain Range, in the state of Michoacán. Theyflockoccupy Sierra Chincua and four neighboring hills that make up the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve.Planning: Chincua is one of two hills in the reserve open to the public from November through March.4. Komodo dragons, Komodo Island, IndonesiaLanding on Komodo, you would feel like stepping back to a time when dinosaurs ruled the Earth,。

2016徐汇区⾼三英语⼆模试卷及答案.2015学年第⼆学期徐汇区学习能⼒诊断卷⾼三英语试卷2016.4考⽣注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷和第II卷，全卷共11页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（⾮选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上⼀律不得分。

3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名。

第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a restaurant. B. At the cinema.C. At the airport.D. At the laundry.2. A. Tuesday. B. Wednesday. C. Thursday. D. Friday.3. A. Take a walk. B. Clean the backyard.C. Fill in some forms.D. Enjoy the beautiful day.4. A. She has every confidence in Susan. B. She is a little bit surprised at the news.C. She has not read the news on the Net.D. She is not as bright and diligent as Susan.5. A. He is a very successful businessman. B. He has changed his business strategy.C. He is making plans to expand his operation.D. He was twenty when he left the company.6. A. To prevent the woman from going there. B. To make the man’s mother happy.C. To make the woman feel sorry.D. To help control the conversation.7. A. He did not attend today’s class either. B. His notes are not easy to read.C. Nobody has seen his handwriting before.D. He is very pleased to be able to help.8. A. Mike is a person difficult to deal with. B. Mike dislikes any formal gathering.C. Mike is unwilling to speak in public.D. Mike often keeps his distance from others.9. A. It is the first time they have been on a trip. B. They feel tired about travelling everywhere.C. They don’t have to worry about the time.D. They have to travel by schedules now.10. A. He is anxious to find a cure for his high blood pressure.B. He doesn’t t hink high blood pressure is a problem for him.C. He did not take the symptoms of his illness seriously.D. He was not aware of his illness until diagnosed with it.徐汇⾼三英语本卷共12 页第 1 页Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Two years ago. B. When he was 14.C. At the age of 18.D. When he was 21.12. A. Because his friends persuaded him to give it up.B. Because his teeth were getting really yellow.C. Because he could not afford to buy cigarettes any more.D. Because he was troubled with some health problems.13. A. Hanging out with people who don’t smoke.B. Going out for a cigarette after working hard.C. Riding his bicycle and enjoy the fresh air.D. Saving money each week for future use.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following report.14. A. The broken alarm system in the brain.B. The increasing demands of modern life.C. The signals the brain sends to the body.D. The suffering from serious health problems.15. A. Doing sports. B. Playing tai chi.C. Having yoghurt.D. Walking outdoors.16. A. Stress is a normal psychological and physical reaction to life.B. Relaxation techniques help maintaining health and well-being.C. High levels of stress may lead to serious health problems.D. Relaxation should be the first priority for all people.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.徐汇⾼三英语本卷共12 页第 2 页Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Customer ServicePeople going shopping in America can expect to be treated with respect from the very beginning. When customers get to the store, they are treated as honored guests. Customers don’t usually find store clerks (25) ________ (sit) around watching TV or playing cards. Instead, the clerks greet them warmly and offer to help them find what they want. Customers usually don’t have to ask (26) ________ ________ items cost, since prices are clearly marked. And (27) ________ they are at a yard sale or flea market (跳蚤市场), they don’t bother trying to bargain.When customers are ready to check out, they find the nearest and shortest checkout lane. But as Murphy’s Law would have it, whichever lane they get in, all the other lanes will move (28) ________ (fast). Good stores open new checkout lanes when the lanes get too long. Some even offer express lanes for customers with 10 items or less. (29) ________ they pay for their purchases, customers receive a smile and a warm “thank you” from the clerk.徐汇⾼三英语本卷共12 页第 3 页In America, customer service continues long after the sale. Many products come with a money-back guarantee. So if there is a problem with the product, customers can take it back. The customer service representative will often allow them to exchange the item or return it (30) ________ a full refund.For many American customers, service is everything. If a person receives poor service from a store, he probably (31)________ (avoid) shopping there in the future. On the other hand, customers often remain loyal to a business that has excellent service even if their prices are high. Customer service in America grows out of the belief that “the customer is always right.” That (32) ________ not always be true. But, as someone has said, the customer is always the customer.(B)Is A Game Just A Game?Are you addicted to computer games? Do you stay up all night playing them? There’s no doubt that the excitement of games these days makes them hard to put down.We are spoilt for choice when it comes to gaming: You can role play －creating your own characters and stories, giving you a chance to step out of everyday life into (33) ________ imaginary world. And there are shooting games (34) ________ you can let out your anger and frustration in violent situations where you kill people with guns.Some people think that (35) ________ (absorb) in virtual reality does great harm to us. So far, popular games like Grand Theft Auto(36) ________ (blame)for everything from falling results at school to causing acts of extreme violence. Others argue that gaming is a harmless form of entertainment. There is evidence (37) ________playing video games could actually be good for us. Some games are educational. Studies have also shown that the skills(38) ________ (use) in playing games can cause growth in certain areas of the brain, the ability (39) ________ (think)in 3D and even improve our eyesight. And for some, gaming is having a positive effect on their social lives with games like Halo and World of Warcraft often being played in groups. When you work as a group to win the game, your sense of achievement is higher than when winning by (40)________.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Psychology is both an applied and academic field that studies the human mind and behavior. Research in psychology seeks to understand and explain how we think, act and feel. As most people already realize, a large part of psychology is devoted to the 41 and treatment of mental health issues, but that’s just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to applications for psychology. In addition to mental health, psychology can be applied to a variety of issues that 42 health and daily life including performance enhancement,徐汇⾼三英语本卷共12 页第 4 页self-help, motivation, productivity, and much more.Psychology 43 out of both philosophy and biology. Discussions of these two subjects date as far back as the early Greek thinkers including Aristotle and Socrates. The word psychology comes from the Greek word psyche, literally meaning “life” or “breath.” The 44 of psychology as a separate and independent field of study truly came about when Wilhelm Wundt established the first experimental psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany in 1879. Wundt’s work was 45 on describing the structures that compose the mind. Wundt believed that properly trained individuals would be able to identify accurately the mental processes that 46 feelings, sensations and thoughts.Throughout psychology’s history, some different schools of thought have formed to explain human thought and behavior. These schools of thought often rise to 47 for a period. While these schools of thought are sometimes considered as competing forces, each viewpoint has 48 to our understanding of psychology.Today, psychologists prefer to use more objective scientific methods to understand, explain, and predict human behavior. The discipline has two major areas of focus: 49 psychology and applied psychology. Educational psychology focuses on the study of different sub-topics within psychology including personality, social behavior, and human development. These psychologists 50 basic research that seeks to expand our theoretical knowledge while other researchers do applied research that attempts to solve everyday problems.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Feeling good about our actions — not guilt or pity— motivates giving, according to the latest research.51 seeing or hearing about suffering children makes most people uncomfortable, that grief is not what drives them to dig into their pockets and donate. The reasons people decide to be selfless, it turns out, may be slightly more 52 .In the study, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, researchers found that people are more likely to give when they think itwill make them feel better. They donate, 53 , when they feel hope about putting smiles on those expectant and suffering faces. And that hope, or similar feel-good sensations, are driven by the brain’s reward systems.Researchers — and charities — have long known that putting a(n) 54 face on an abstract problem opens hearts and wallets. Josef Stalin once said that while one death is a(n) 55 , a million is merely a number. Studies have since found that quantifying the size of a disaster or particular need actually 56 giving, while presenting a single story is more likely to cause a desire to help.But it wasn’t clear whether this “identifiable victim” effect resulted from people’s 57 over their own privilege and resources —or from a sense of connection with the 58 and an urge to feel good about making a difference.To find out, researchers led by Alexander Genevsky, a graduate student in psychology at Stanford,徐汇⾼三英语本卷共12 页第 5 页imaged the brains of 22 young adults. In the scanner, they saw either a silhouette (剪影) or a head shot of a young African child. As in previous studies, participants were far more likely to give if they saw a face than a blank silhouette— donating almost twice as much in photo trials than in the others. However, this decision was related strongly to their 59 . If they showed little activity in their nucleus accumbens— a brain region linked to every type of pleasurable experience— they were actually less likely to give. But if there is a sharp 60 of activity in this reward area, they felt good and gave more. And the photos of the children were more likely to 61 this reward center. Activity in the accumbens, in fact, completely 62 the difference in giving seen between the silhouette-based requests and the photo-based ones.While the findings point to the feel-good 63 behind giving, other research will have to address the question of why givers get that positive emotional boost. Do people feel rewarded when they give because they think about the happiness of the recipient — or do they feel good because they see themselves as 64 and that self-esteem boost (⾃信⼼增强) is mood-enhancing? Such information could help charities 65 their messages to maximize their effectiveness.51. A. Since B. Although C. If D. As52. A. passive B. earnest C. impersonal D. selfish53. A. for example B. on the contrary C. as a result D. on the other hand54. A. plain B. ugly C. specific D. frightened55. A. accident B. threat C. solution D. tragedy56. A. ruins B. stimulates C. lowers D. skips57. A. anger B. guilt C. regret D. joy58. A. desire B. mind C. victim D. stuff59. A. actions B. beliefs C. images D. emotions60. A. edge B. rise C. turn D. division61. A. monitor B. target C. activate D. interrupt62. A. resulted from B. counted on C. accounted for D. subjected to63. A. motivations B. compliment s C. ambitions D. requests64. A. executive B. justified C. innocent D. generous65. A. conceal B. tailor C. obtain D. deleteSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Handwriting has existed for about 6,000 years. It’s one of our most important inventions. Without it, we wouldn’t be able to record knowledge or pass ideas from one generation to the next.Most of us know, but often forget, that handwriting is not natural. It’s not like seeing or talking, which are what we are born with. In early America, only wealthy men and businessmen learned to write. A “good hand” became a sign of class and intelligence as well as morality. Most, meanwhile, signed legal documents with a mere ‘X’ and the presence of a witness. Writing only spread to the masses in the 19th century, after schools began teaching handwriting.徐汇⾼三英语本卷共12 页第 6 页67 — left-handed students often had their ar m tied tightly to their bodies, so they’d learn to write with the “correct” hand. In more modern times, you may remember spending hours learning the correct stroke(笔画), formation and spacing of upper-and lower-case letters.But today, schools are shifting the focus to coursework in STEM –short for science, technology, engineering and mathematics. With limited hours and an increased pressure to meet higher standards, teachers are emphasizing technology and tablets and less of the written word.Technology has threatened writing long before every man, woman and child carried a phone. It came with the invention of the typewriter, which standardized written communication, and that same argument will reappear as technology advances.I don’t know if handwriting w ill ever die. But today, the growing emphasis on typing is having far-reaching effects. To get a glimpse of the future, just look at the youth. Instead of curly Qs or crazy Ls, kids are using emoticons such as ? or ? to give a personal touch.Typing is more democratic, too —it isn’t a complicated skill to master. Keyboards are changing the physical connection between writers and text, and people who can’t write by hand, like the blind, can now use tools to communicate only by touch.I suppose it’s easy to grieve over the passing of one era (年代) into another. Sure, I’ll miss the writing of letters, and the beautiful and well-practiced signature written with a pen. And while some pathways in our brains will weaken with the decline of handwriting, we’ll devel op new ones as we swipe (滑动) and double-click our way into the future.66. Before the 19th century in America, _____________.A. only intelligent people could learn handwriting in schoolsB. legal documents were signed with the presence of a witnessC. most of the people didn’t even know how to write their namesD. people would spend hours learning how to write every day67. Which of the following sentences can best fit in the blank in the third paragraph?A. Writing was a means of human communicationB. Writing has always been serious businessC. Schools tried different ways to force students to writeD. Young people worked hard to improve handwriting68. We can learn from the passage that ______________.A. the invention of cellphones started the decline of handwritingB. handwriting will disappear because young people write poorlyC. typing makes it possible for blind people to communicateD. typing is comparatively easy to learn, even for the disabled69. What does the writer imply in the last paragraph?A. The era of handwriting is leaving and that of typing is coming.B. Letters and signatures are gradually disappearing for sure.C. The decline of writing has drawn much attention from the public.D. Our brains will weaken with the decline of handwriting.(B)徐汇⾼三英语本卷共12 页第7 页Edinburgh– the fourth most beautiful city in the worldHere are some of our favourite spots for eating, sightseeing and shopping.Need inspiration?Scott Monument This remarkable Gothic building was built in memory of the life and work of Sir Walter Scott. Climb the 287 steps to the top and you’ll be rewardedwith some pretty special views.History lovers?Edinburgh Castle looks over the city skyline from Castle Rock. You can takea tour (human or audio) or just wander through it with a map. Listen out forthe One o’clock Gun – it fires every day except Sunday. At one o'clock.Obviously.Time your trains With cheap train tickets to Edinburgh to coincideFeeling hungry?A satisfying dinner:With ingredients carefully sourced from local growers, plus home-grownfresh fruits and edible flowers, Timberyard has favourable reviews.A light lunch:Thomson’s Bar claims to serve “the best steak pie in Edinburgh”, to matchwith real beer (it’s in the Good Beer Guide) and enough whiskies (威⼠忌酒) to take up a whole page on the drinks menu.Shopping centrePrinces Street:You’ll find all your favourites on Edinburgh’s main shopping drag, Princes Street. There’s M&S, Gap and Waterstones and also a bit of a retail landmarkin the shape of Jenners department store.Harvey Nichols: A byword (代名词) for luxury, Harvey Nicks is loved by the fashion pack.Gucci, Victoria Beckham and Marc Jacobs will try to separate you from yourcash.Hidden EdinburghEdinburgh’s deepest secret (literally) is a network of underground streets, which you can tour with a guide. Try “The Real Mary King’s Close” to uncover some of the myths and mysteries as to how the street, once open to the skies, found itself underground.Need trains to Edinburgh? We’ll get you sorted…70. Where can visitors enjoy a full view of the city in Edinburgh?A. Scott Monument.B. Edinburgh Castle.C. Timberyard.D. The Real Mary King’s Close.71. While shopping in Edinburgh, we may find that ___________.徐汇⾼三英语本卷共12 页第8 页A. Princes Street is the place where celebrities go shoppingB. Edinburgh’s main shopping drag is extremely expensiveC. many high-end brands can be found in Harvey NicholsD. one cannot pay in cash when shopping in Harvey Nichols72. The underlined word“edible” is closest in meaning to _____________.A. beautifulB. eatableC. visibleD. delicate73. This page is most likely to be found at ___________.A. /doc/cf490033ac51f01dc281e53a580216fc710a5348.html /en-hk/destinations/edinburgh/flights-to-edinburghB. https:///doc/cf490033ac51f01dc281e53a580216fc710a5348.html /en/tour-scotland/one-day-tours-scotland-from-edinburghC. https:///doc/cf490033ac51f01dc281e53a580216fc710a5348.html /our-destinations/edinburgh-overviewD. /doc/cf490033ac51f01dc281e53a580216fc710a5348.html /discover/about-the-castle(C)Women are still underrepresented in top academic positions. One of the possible explanations for this is the increasing importance of obtaining research funding. Women are often less successful in this than men. Psychology researchers Dr. Romy van der Lee and professor Naomi Ellemers investigated whether this difference also occurs at the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and examined potential explanations.The researchers were assigned by NWO to carry out this study as part of the broader evaluation of NWO's procedures and its gender diversity policy. The aim was to gain more insight into the causes of the differences in awarding rates for male and female applicants for research funding. The analysis addressed an important “talent programme” of NWO, the Veni grant.“Whoever receives this grant has a greater chance of obtaining an important appointment at a university,” says Naomi Ellemers.Van der Lee and Ellemers investigated all the applications submitted by male and female researchers over a period of three years: a total of 2823 applications. Under the direction of NWO these applications were assessed by scientific committees consisting of men and women. The results demonstrate that the awarding rates for female applicants (14.9%) are systematically lower than those for male applicants (17.7%). “If we compare the proportion of women among the applicants with the proportion of women among those award ed funding, we see a loss of 4%,” said Ellemers.The study reveals that women are less positively evaluated for their qualities as researcher than men are. “Interestingly the research proposals of women and men are evaluated equally positively. In other words, the reviewers see no difference in the quality of the propo sals that men and women submit,” says Romy van der Lee.In search for a possible cause for the differences in awarding rates and evaluations, the researchers also investigated the language use in the instructions and forms used to assess the quality of applications. This clearly revealed the occurrence of gendered language. The words that are used to indicate quality are frequently words that were established in previous research as referring mainly to the male gender stereotype (such as challenging and excellen t). Romy van der Lee explains:“As a result, it appears that men more easily satisfy the assessment criteria, because these better fit the characteristics stereotypically asso ciated with men.”In response to the results of this research, NWO will devote more attention to the gender awareness of reviewers in its methods and procedures. It will also be investigated which changes to the assessment徐汇⾼三英语本卷共12 页第9 页procedures and criteria can most strongly contribute to more equal chances for men and women to obtain research funding. This will include an examination of the language used by NWO. NWO chair Jos Engelens said, “The research has yielded valuable results and insights. Based on the recommendations made by the researchers we will therefore focus in the coming period on the development of evidence-based measures to reduce the differen ce in awarding rates.”74. Van der Lee and Ellemers carried out the research to find out whether ____________.A. women are less successful than men in top academic positionsB. female applicants are at a disadvantage in getting research fundingC. NOW’s procedures and gender diversity policy enhance fair playD. there are equal chances for men and women to be admitted to a university75. Van der Lee and Ellemers’ study shows that _____________.A. grant receivers were more likely to get appointments at universitiesB. men applicants for research funding outnumbered women applicantsC. the research proposals of women are equally treated with those of menD. the reviewers have narrow, prejudiced conceptions of women candidates76. What might be the main cause for the differences in awarding rates and evaluations?A. The words used in the instructions and forms.B. T he reviewers’ preference to applications.C. The methods and procedures for evaluation.D. The vague and unclear assessment criteria.77. What will NWO probably do next in response to the results of this research?A. Eliminate possibilities for difference in awarding rates.B. Design a language examination for all the reviewers.C. Emphasize the importance of gender awareness.D. Improve the assessment procedures and criteria.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Being a small business brings advantages the big ones can only dream of. Michael Heppell, author of the latest edition of “5 Star Service”, a book on customer service, has interesting take on this development. “I’m often amazed that smaller businesses think that the secret of success is to be more like the big ones, when in fact the opposite is true,” he said.He pointed to the very different stories of two fishmongers (鱼贩) in his home town. Having served customers －including Heppell －for many years, the two were joined by a Tesco Extra, Waitrose and Marks & Spencer.The first fishmonger began to complain about these newly-arrived chains to the local press, and even his customers. He pointe d out that he couldn’t compete with them on price and finally closed down.“Fishmonger two was different,” explained Heppell. “She worked hard to create a local brand and local loyalty. She would love to tell you about the fish, when and where it was caught and offer some little extras徐汇⾼三英语本卷共12 页第10 页if you spent a few pounds more. She must have felt the effects of the three new arrivals in town but she didn’t complain once. She survived, and of course, since her competitor closed she’s never been busier.”Small businesses that want to grow should stop trying to imitate the big names, advised Heppell. “Find out what they don’t do that you can, and what you do that they can’t. The secret is by providing brilliant levels of service,” he went on to say.They should also start thinking about speed, believes Heppell, and realize that this can differentiate them from larger competitors. “Smaller businesses can often change faster, adapt more easily and manage trends more quickly than the big boys. However, looking at many smaller businesses the opposite appears to be true. What can you do to get a first mover advantage?”Too often smaller business leaders feel that they have to offer whatever the larger players are offering. They believe that having a narrower range is a disadvantage, but they need to realize that it actually offers them a competitive edge. The mindset of many smaller business owners must change. They need to focus on how to improve their own businesses and what their customers really want. “Because we’re small we can offer x, y and z. It’s because we’re local that we excel at a, b and c,” should be the message, said Heppell.(Note: Answer the questions and complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)78. The first fishmonger complained about the newly-arrived chains because he thought __________.79. The second fishmonger survived because she managed to _____________.80. What are the two advantages that smaller businesses can have according to Heppell?81. According to the passage, instead of trying to imitate the big names, smaller business owners should __________.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.这⾸脍炙⼈⼝的歌曲改编⾃⼀⾸古⽼的民歌。

2015学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷高三英语试卷第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a restaurant. B. At the cinema.C. At the airport.D. At the laundry.2. A. Tuesday. B. Wednesday. C. Thursday. D. Friday.3. A. Take a walk. B. Clean the backyard.C. Fill in some forms.D. Enjoy the beautiful day.4. A. She has every confidence in Susan. B. She is a little bit surprised at thenews.C. She has not read the news on the Net.D. She is not as bright and diligent asSusan.5. A. He is a very successful businessman. B. He has changed his business strategy.C. He is making plans to expand his operation.D. He was twenty when he left the company.6. A. To prevent the woman from going there. B. To make the man’s mother happy.C. To make the woman feel sorry.D. To help control the conversation.7. A. He did not attend today’s class either. B. His notes are not easy to read.C. Nobody has seen his handwriting before.D. He is very pleased to be able to help.8. A. Mike is a person difficult to deal with. B. Mike dislikes any formal gathering.C. Mike is unwilling to speak in public.D. Mike often keeps his distance from others.9. A. It is the first time they have been on a trip. B. They feel tired about travelling everywhere.C. They don’t have to worry about the time.D. They have to travel by schedules now.10. A. He is anxious to find a cure for his high blood pressure.B. He doesn’t think high blood pressure is a problem for him.C. He did not take the symptoms of his illness seriously.D. He was not aware of his illness until diagnosed with it.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a ques tion, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Two years ago. B. When he was 14.C. At the age of 18.D. When he was 21.12. A. Because his friends persuaded him to give it up.B. Because his teeth were getting really yellow.C. Because he could not afford to buy cigarettes any more.D. Because he was troubled with some health problems.13. A. Hanging out with people who don’t smoke.B. Going out for a cigarette after working hard.C. Riding his bicycle and enjoy the fresh air.D. Saving money each week for future use.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following report.14. A. The broken alarm system in the brain.B. The increasing demands of modern life.C. The signals the brain sends to the body.D. The suffering from serious health problems.15. A. Doing sports. B. Playing tai chi.C. Having yoghurt.D. Walking outdoors.16. A. Stress is a normal psychological and physical reaction to life.B. Relaxation techniques help maintaining health and well-being.C. High levels of stress may lead to serious health problems.D. Relaxation should be the first priority for all people.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Customer ServicePeople going shopping in America can expect to be treated with respect from the very beginning. When customers get to the store, they are treated as honored guests. Customers don’t usually find store clerks (25) ________ (sit) around watching TV or playing cards. Instead, the clerks greet them warmly and offer to help them find what they want. Customers usually don’t have to ask (26) ________ ________ items cost, since prices are clearly marked. And (27) ________ they are at a yard sale or flea market (跳蚤市场), they don’t bother trying to bargain.When customers are ready to check out, they find the nearest and shortest checkout lane. But as Murphy’s Law would have it, whichever lane they get in, all the other lanes will move (28) ________ (fast). Good stores open new checkout lanes when the lanes get too long. Some even offer express lanes for customers with 10 items or less. (29) ________ they pay for their purchases, customers receive a smile and a warm “thank you” from the clerk.In America, customer service continues long after the sale. Many products come with a money-back guarantee. So if there is a problem with the product, customers can take it back. The customer service representative will often allow them to exchange the item or return it (30) ________ a full refund.For many American customers, service is everything. If a person receives poor service from a store, he probably (31) ________ (avoid) shopping there in the future. On the other hand, customers often remain loyal to a business that has excellent service even if their prices are high. Customer service in America grows out of the belief that “the customer is always right.” That (32) ________ not always be true. But, as someone has said, the customer is always the customer.(B)Is A Game Just A Game?Are you addicted to computer games? Do you stay up all night playing them? There’s no doubt that the excitement of games these days makes them hard to put down.We are spoilt for choice when it comes to gaming: You can role play － creating your own characters and stories, giving you a chance to step out of everyday life into (33) ________ imaginary world. And there are shooting games (34) ________ you can let out your anger and frustration in violent situations where you kill people with guns.Some people think that (35) ________ (absorb) in virtual reality does great harm to us. So far, popular games like Grand Theft Auto(36) ________ (blame)for everything from falling results at school to causing acts of extreme violence. Others argue that gaming is a harmless form of entertainment. There is evidence (37) ________playing video games could actually be good for us. Some games are educational. Studies have also shown that the skills(38) ________ (use) in playing games can cause growth in certain areas of the brain, the ability (39) ________ (think)in 3D and even improve our eyesight. And for some, gaming is having a positive effect on their social lives with games like Halo and World of Warcraft often being played in groups. When you work as a group to win the game, your sense of achievement is higher than when winning by (40) ________.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can onlybe used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Psychology is both an applied and academic field that studies the human mind and behavior. Research in psychology seeks to understand and explain how we think, act and feel. As most people already realize, a large part of psychology is devoted to the 41 and treatment of mental health issues, but that’s just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to applications for psychology. In addition to mental health, psychology can be applied to a variety of issues that 42 health and daily life including performance enhancement, self-help, motivation, productivity, and much more.Psychology 43 out of both philosophy and biology. Discussions of these two subjects date as far back as the early Greek thinkers including Aristotle and Socrates. The word psychology comes from the Greek word psyche, literally meaning “life” or “breath.” The 44 of psychology as a separate and independent field of study truly came about when Wilhelm Wundt established the first experimental psychology lab in Leipzig, Germany in 1879. Wundt’s work was 45 on describing the structures that compose the mind. Wundt believed that properlytr ained individuals would be able to identify accurately the mental processes that 46 feelings, sensations and thoughts.Throughout psychology’s history, some different schools of thought have formed to explain human thought and behavior. These schools of thought often rise to 47 for a period. While these schools of thought are sometimes considered as competing forces, each viewpoint has 48 to our understanding of psychology.Today, psychologists prefer to use more objective scientific methods to understand, explain, and predict human behavior. The discipline has two major areas of focus: 49 psychology and applied psychology. Educational psychology focuses on the study of different sub-topics within psychology including personality, social behavior, and human development. These psychologists 50 basic research that seeks to expand our theoretical knowledge while other researchers do applied research that attempts to solve everyday problems.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Feeling good about our actions — not guilt or pity— motivates giving, according to thelatest research.51 seeing or hearing about suffering children makes most people uncomfortable, that grief is not what drives them to dig into their pockets and donate. The reasons people decide to be selfless, it turns o ut, may be slightly more 52 .In the study, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, researchers found that people are more likely to give when they think it will make them feel better. They donate, 53 , when they feel hope about putting smiles on those expectant and suffering faces. And that hope, or similar feel-good sensations, are driven by the brai n’s reward systems.Researchers —and charities —have long known that putting a(n) 54 face on an abstract problem opens hearts and wallets. Josef Stalin once said that while one death is a(n) 55 ,a million is merely a number. Studies have since found that quantifying the size of a disaster or particular need actually 56 giving, while presenting a single story is more likely to cause a desire to help.But it wasn’t clear whether this “identifiable victim” effect resulted from people’s 57 over their own privilege and resources —or from a sense of connection with the 58 and an urge to feel good about making a difference.To find out, researchers led by Alexander Genevsky, a graduate student in psychology at Stanford, imaged the brains of 22 young adults. In the scanner, they saw either a silhouette (剪影) or a head shot of a young African child. As in previous studies, participants were far more likely to give if they saw a face than a blank silhouette— donating almost twice as muchin photo trials than in the others. However, this decision was related strongly to their 59 .If they showed little activity in their nucleus accumbens— a brain region linked to every type of pleasurable experience—they were actually less likely to give. But if there is a sharp 60 of activity in this reward area, they felt good and gave more. And the photos of the children were more likely to 61 this reward center. Activity in the accumbens, in fact, completely 62 the difference in giving seen between the silhouette-based requests and the photo-based ones.While the findings point to the feel-good 63 behind giving, other research will have to address the question of why givers get that positive emotional boost. Do people feel rewarded when they give because they think about the happiness of the recipient — or do they feel good because they see themselves as 64 and that self-esteem boost (自信心增强) is mood-enhancing? Such information could help charities 65 their messages to maximize their effectiveness.51. A. Since B. Although C. If D. As52. A. passive B. earnest C. impersonal D. selfish53. A. for example B. on the contrary C. as a result D. on the other hand54. A. plain B. ugly C. specific D. frightened55. A. accident B. threat C. solution D. tragedy56. A. ruins B. stimulates C. lowers D. skips57. A. anger B. guilt C. regret D. joy58. A. desire B. mind C. victim D. stuff59. A. actions B. beliefs C. images D. emotions60. A. edge B. rise C. turn D. division61. A. monitor B. target C. activate D. interrupt62. A. resulted from B. counted on C. accounted for D. subjected to63. A. motivations B. compliment s C. ambitions D. requests64. A. executive B. justified C. innocent D. generous65. A. conceal B. tailor C. obtain D. deleteSection BDirections: Read the followi ng three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Handwriting has existed for about 6,000 years. It’s one of our most important inventions. Without it, we would n’t be able to record knowledge or pass ideas from one generation to the next.Most of us know, but often forget, that handwriting is not natural. It’s not like seeing or talking, which are what we are born with. In early America, only wealthy men and businessmen learned to write. A “good hand” became a sign of class and intelligence as well as morality. Most, meanwhile, signed legal documents with a mere ‘X’ and the presence of a witness. Writing only spread to the masses in the 19th century, after schools began teaching handwriting.67 —left-handed students often had their arm tied tightly to their bodies, so they’d learn to write with the “correct” hand. In more modern times, you may remember spending hours learning the correct stroke(笔画), formation and spacing of upper- and lower-case letters.But today, schools are shifting the focus to coursework in STEM – short for science, technology, engineering and mathematics. With limited hours and an increased pressure to meet higher standards, teachers are emphasizing technology and tablets and less of the written word.Technology has threatened writing long before every man, woman and child carried a phone. It came with the invention of the typewriter, which standardized written communication, and that same argument will reappear as technology advances.I don’t know if handwriting will ever die. But today, the growing emphasis on typing is having far-reaching effects. To get a glimpse of the future, just look at the youth. Instead of curly Qs or crazy Ls, kids are using emoticons such as ☺ or ☹ to give a personal touch.Typing is more democratic, too —it isn’t a complicated skill to master. Keyboards are changing the physical connection between writers and text, and people who can’t write by hand, like the blind, can now use tools to communicate only by touch.I suppose it’s easy to grieve over the passing of one era (年代) into another. Sure, I’ll miss the writing of letters, and the beautiful and well-practiced signature written with a pen. And while some pathways in our brains will weaken with the decline of handwriting, we’ll develop new ones as we swipe (滑动) and double-clic k our way into the future.66. Before the 19th century in America, _____________.A. only intelligent people could learn handwriting in schoolsB. legal documents were signed with the presence of a witnessC. most of the people didn’t even know how to write their namesD. people would spend hours learning how to write every day67. Which of the following sentences can best fit in the blank in the third paragraph?A. Writing was a means of human communicationB. Writing has always been serious businessC. Schools tried different ways to force students to writeD. Young people worked hard to improve handwriting68. We can learn from the passage that ______________.A. the invention of cellphones started the decline of handwritingB. handwriting will disappear because young people write poorlyC. typing makes it possible for blind people to communicateD. typing is comparatively easy to learn, even for the disabled69. What does the writer imply in the last paragraph?A. The era of handwriting is leaving and that of typing is coming.B. Letters and signatures are gradually disappearing for sure.C. The decline of writing has drawn much attention from the public.D. Our brains will weaken with the decline of handwriting.(B)Edinburgh– the fourth most beautiful city in the worldHere are some of our favourite spots for eating, sightseeing and shopping.Need inspiration?Scott Monument This remarkable Gothic building was built in memory of the life and work of Sir Walter Scott. Climb the 287 steps to the top andyou’ll be rewarded with some pretty special views.History lovers?Edinburgh Castle looks over the city skyline from Castle Rock.You can take a tour (human or audio) or just wander through itwith a map. Listen out for the One o’clock Gun –it fires everyday except Sunday. At one o'clock. Obviously.Time your trains With cheap train tickets to Edinburgh to coincideFeeling hungry?A satisfying dinner:With ingredients carefully sourced from local growers, plus home-grown fresh fruits and edible flowers, Timberyard has favourable reviews.A light lunch: Thomson’s Bar claims to serve “the best steak pie inEdinburgh”, to match with real beer (it’s in the Good BeerGuide) and enough whiskies (威士忌酒) to take up a whole pageon the drinks menu.Shopping centrePrinces Street: You’ll find all your favourites on Edinburgh’s main shopping drag, Princes Street. There’s M&S, Gap and Waterstones and alsoa bit of a retail landmark in the shape of Jenners departmentstore.Harvey Nichols: A byword (代名词) for luxury, Harvey Nicks is loved by the fashion pack. Gucci, Victoria Beckham and Marc Jacobs will try toseparate you from your cash.Hidden EdinburghEdinburgh’s deepest secret (lite rally) is a network of underground streets, which you can tour with a guide. Try “The Real Mary King’s Close” to uncover some of the myths and mysteries as to how the street, once open to the skies, found itself underground.Need trains to Edinburgh? We’ll get you sorted…70. Where can visitors enjoy a full view of the city in Edinburgh?A. Scott Monument.B. Edinburgh Castle.C. Timberyard.D. The Real Mary King’s Close.71. While shopping in Edinburgh, we may find that ___________.A. Princes Street is the place where celebrities go shoppingB. Edinburgh’s main shopping drag is extremely expensiveC. many high-end brands can be found in Harvey NicholsD. one cannot pay in cash when shopping in Harvey Nichols72. The underlined word“edible” is closest in meaning to _____________.A. beautifulB. eatableC. visibleD. delicate73. This page is most likely to be found at ___________.A. /en-hk/destinations/edinburgh/flights-to-edinburghB. https:///en/tour-scotland/one-day-tours-scotland-from-edinburghC. https:///our-destinations/edinburgh-overviewD. /discover/about-the-castle(C)Women are still underrepresented in top academic positions. One of the possible explanations for this is the increasing importance of obtaining research funding. Women are often less successful in this than men. Psychology researchers Dr. Romy van der Lee and professor Naomi Ellemers investigated whether this difference also occurs at the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and examined potential explanations.The researchers were assigned by NWO to carry out this study as part of the broader evaluation of NWO's procedures and its gender diversity policy. The aim was to gain more insight into the causes of the differences in awarding rates for male and female applicants for research funding. The analysis addressed an important “talent programme” of NWO, the Veni grant. “Whoever receives t his grant has a greater chance of obtaining an important appointment at a university,” says Naomi Ellemers.Van der Lee and Ellemers investigated all the applications submitted by male and female researchers over a period of three years: a total of 2823 applications. Under the direction of NWO these applications were assessed by scientific committees consisting of men and women. The results demonstrate that the awarding rates for female applicants (14.9%) are systematically lower than those for male applica nts (17.7%). “If we compare the proportion of women among the applicants with the proportion of women among those awarded funding, we see a loss of 4%,” said Ellemers.The study reveals that women are less positively evaluated for their qualities as researcher than men are. “Interestingly the research proposals of women and men are evaluated equally positively. In other words, the reviewers see no difference in the quality of the proposals that men and women submit,” says Romy van der Lee.In search for a possible cause for the differences in awarding rates and evaluations, the researchers also investigated the language use in the instructions and forms used to assess the quality of applications. This clearly revealed the occurrence of gendered language. The wordsthat are used to indicate quality are frequently words that were establis hed in previous research as referring mainly to the male gender stereotype (such as challenging and excellent). Romy van der Lee explains: “As a result, it appears that men m ore easily satisfy the assessment criteria, because these better fit the characteristics stereotypically associated with men.”In response to the results of this research, NWO will devote more attention to the gender awareness of reviewers in its methods and procedures. It will also be investigated which changes to the assessment procedures and criteria can most strongly contribute to more equal chances for men and women to obtain research funding. This will include an examination of the language used by NW O. NWO chair Jos Engelens said, “The research has yielded valuable results and insights. Based on the recommendations made by the researchers we will therefore focus in the coming period on the development of evidence-based measures to reduce the differenc e in awarding rates.”74. Van der Lee and Ellemers carried out the research to find out whether ____________.A. women are less successful than men in top academic positionsB. female applicants are at a disadvantage in getting research fundingC. NOW’s p rocedures and gender diversity policy enhance fair playD. there are equal chances for men and women to be admitted to a university75. Van der Lee and Ellemers’ study shows that _____________.A. grant receivers were more likely to get appointments at universitiesB. men applicants for research funding outnumbered women applicantsC. the research proposals of women are equally treated with those of menD. the reviewers have narrow, prejudiced conceptions of women candidates76. What might be the main cause for the differences in awarding rates and evaluations?A. The words used in the instructions and forms.B. T he reviewers’ preference to applications.C. The methods and procedures for evaluation.D. The vague and unclear assessment criteria.77. What will NWO probably do next in response to the results of this research?A. Eliminate possibilities for difference in awarding rates.B. Design a language examination for all the reviewers.C. Emphasize the importance of gender awareness.D. Improve the assessment procedures and criteria.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Being a small business brings advantages the big ones can only dream of. Michael Heppell, author of the latest edition of “5 Star Service”, a book on customer service, has interesting take on this development. “I’m often amazed that smaller businesses think that the secret of success is to be more like the big ones, when in fact the opposite i s true,” he said.He pointed to the very different stories of two fishmongers (鱼贩) in his home town. Having served customers － including Heppell － for many years, the two were joined by a Tesco Extra, Waitrose and Marks & Spencer.The first fishmonger began to complain about these newly-arrived chains to the local press, and even his customers. He pointed out that he couldn’t compete with them on price and finally closed down.“Fishmonger two was different,” explained Heppell. “She worked hard to create a local brand and local loyalty. She would love to tell you about the fish, when and where it was caught and offer some little extras if you spent a few pounds more. She must have felt the effects of the three new arrivals in town but she didn’t complain once. She survived, and of course, since her competitor closed she’s never been busier.”Small businesses that want to grow should stop trying to imitate the big names, advised Heppell. “Find out what they don’t do that you can, and what you do that they can’t. The secret is by providing brilliant levels of service,” he went on to say.They should also start thinking about s peed, believes Heppell, and realize that this can differentiate them from larger competitors. “Smaller businesses can often change faster,adapt more easily and manage trends more quickly than the big boys. However, looking at many smaller businesses the opposite appears to be true. What can you do to get a first mover advantage?”Too often smaller business leaders feel that they have to offer whatever the larger players are offering. They believe that having a narrower range is a disadvantage, but they need to realize that it actually offers them a competitive edge. The mindset of many smaller business owners must change. They need to focus on how to improve their own businesses and what their customers really want. “Because we’re small we can offer x, y and z. It’s because we’re local that we excel at a, b and c,” should be the message, said Heppell.(Note: Answer the questions and complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS.)78. The first fishmonger complained about the newly-arrived chains because he thought __________.79. The second fishmonger survived because she managed to _____________.80. What are the two advantages that smaller businesses can have according to Heppell?81. According to the passage, instead of trying to imitate the big names, smaller business owners should __________.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.这首脍炙人口的歌曲改编自一首古老的民歌。

2016学年第二学期徐汇区高三模拟考英语试卷2017.4I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. He knows who is knocking. B. He is eager to know who it is.C. He doesn’t want to open the door.D. He is ready to open the door.2. A. By plane. B. By bus. C. By taxi. D. By train.3. A. $100. B. $200. C. $300. D. $400.4. A. She went to cinema. B. She went to an exhibition.C. She stayed at home.D. She stayed with her classmates.5. A. In a doctor’s office. B. In a professor’s office.C. In an operating room.D. In an emergency ward.6. A. The man paid the tuition for learning physics. B. The man got a lot of money for his hard work.C. His hard work was not rewarding at all.D. His work before the test led to a good result.7. A. A furnished house. B. A recent book. C. A further study. D. A new record.8. A. They will go swimming. B. They will climb mountains.C. They will buy some clothes.D. They will forecast the weather conditions.9. A. He has another lecture to attend.B. He has no interest in the lecture.C. He’s attended the same lecture given by Professor Wilson before.D. He might miss the lecture, if the woman didn’t remind him.10.A. She fully agrees with the man. B. They are uncertain about the weather.C. She disagrees with the man.D. She thought the man was always late.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. People are encouraged to be a craftsman.B. Learning woodworking is not as hard as you think.C. Learning woodworking will help you know more people.D. Taking a class in woodworking will be very helpful.12. A. Because I am a talent in this art and want to share it with others.B. Because I am interested in it and want to show it to others.C. Because I wonder how to pick materials and how to do it well.D. Because it’s a good way to know more people interested in it.13. A. You can expect to do woodworking perfectly the very first time.B. Doing woodworking means being alone for long.C. You can also learn from other people interested in woodworking.D. Taking a class in woodworking costs a lot of money.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To analyze causes and effects of using a credit card.B. To encourage people to borrow money from banks.C. To let people know the responsibility in using a credit card.D. To present the effect of computers in popularizing the use of credit cards.15. A. The development of computers.B. People’s greediness for more money.C. People’s needs for less paper money.D. People’s learning to be more responsible.16. A. To learn to be responsible by using credit cards.B. To stop using credit cards and borrow money from friends or relatives.C. To pay money back as fast as possible after using credit cards.D. To stop borrowing money and use your own funds for shopping.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A newspaper. B. An advertisement company.C. A cleanup company.D. A market.18. A. She wants to spare more room for something new.B. She wants to turn their old stuff into cash at a low cost.C. She knows that the sales consultant before the man does.D. She just wants to clean up their house.19. A. Rudy is likely to buy their stuff.B. Rudy will come and take their stuff away.C. Rudy plays guitar as well as the man.D. Rudy will help them with the ad and the sale.20. A. His old guitar. B. Their appliances, jewelry, furniture and exercise equipment.C. The spring cleanup sale.D. The low cost of ad and friendly service.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it (21) _____ it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is absolutely dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as tough a training to become a performer as a medical student needs (22) ______（become）a doctor. Most training is concerned (23) _____ technique, for musicians have to be as muscularly skillful as an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords（声带）would be inadequate without (24) ______（control）muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow back and forth with the right arm, (25) ______ are two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists (26) ______（spare）this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for (27) ______ . But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string must be dealt with carefully not to sound like drum or bass, and each tone, even if played very fast, has to sound clear.The problem (28) ______（face）student conductors is that they have to learn to know every note of the music and (29) ______ it should sound, and they need to aim at controlling these sound with enthusiastic but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music (30) ______ they can enjoy performing works written in any century.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once.I had the pleasure of teaching Sara in her 11th grade honors English class at Mark Twain High School. From the first day of class, Sara impressed me with her ability to clearly explain difficult (31) _______ and texts, her sensitivity to the slight differences within literature, and her passion for reading, writing, and creative expression—both in and out of the classroom. Sara is a talented literary critic and poet, and she has my highest (32) _______ as a student and writer.Sara is talented at considering the elegances within literature and the (33) ______ behind authors' works. She produced an extraordinary year-long thesis paper on creative identity development, in which she compared works from three different time periods and synthesized cultural and historical (34) _______ to inform her analysis. When called upon to give her thesis defense in front of her peers, Sara spoke clearly and (35) _______ about her conclusions and responded to questions in a thoughtful way. Outside of the classroom, Sara is devoted to her literary pursuits, especially to poetry. She publishes her poetry in ourschool's literary magazine, as well as in online magazines. She is an insightful, sensitive, and deeply self-aware individual driven to (36)______art, writing, and a deeper understanding of the human condition.Throughout the year Sara was an active participant in our discussions, and she always supported her peers. Her caring nature and personality allow her to work well with others in a team setting, as she always respects others' opinions even when they differ from her own. When we held a class debate about gun laws, Sara chose to speak for the side opposite her own views. She explained her choice as (37) _______ by a desire to put herself in other people's shoes, view the issues from a new perspective, and gain a clearer sense of the issue from all angles. Throughout the year, Sara (38) _______ this openness to the opinions, feelings, and perspectives of others, along with sharp powers of observation, all (39) _______ that make her outstanding as a student of literature and burgeoning writer.I am certain that Sara is going to continue to do great and creative things in her future. I highly recommend her for admission to your undergraduate program. She is talented, caring, dedicated, and focused in her pursuits. Sara consistently seeks out (40) _______ feedback so she can improve her writing skills, which is a rare and impressive quality in a high school student. Sara is truly a stand-out individual who will impress everyone she meets. Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions at callmeclemens@.Sincerely,Ms. ScribeEnglish TeacherMark Twain High SchoolIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Paris agreement to fight climate change became international law Friday. The landmark deal aims to deal with global warming among growing (41)______ that the world is becoming hotter even faster than scientists expected.So far, 96 countries, accounting for just over two-thirds of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, have formally joined the agreement, which (42)______ to limit global warming this century to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above what it was before machines and (43)______ appeared in the late 1700s. The United States (44) ______ entered into the agreement in September, and more countries are expected to come aboard in the coming weeks and months.United Nations Secretary General Ban-Ki Moon celebrated the event, talking with nongovernmental groups at U.N. headquarters in New York to hear their concerns and (45)______ for the future.“Th is is an emotional moment for me. It is a credit to all of you. And it is (46)______ for the world,” Ban said in his opening remarks.He praised the (47)______ for getting hundreds of millions of people to back fighting climate change but (48)______ the outcome remained uncertain.“We are still in a race (49)______ time. We need to move on to a low-emission and climate-sustainable future,” Ban added.Scientists praised the speed at which the agreement, signed by 192 parties last December in Paris, has come into force, saying it shows a new commitment by the international community to (50)_____ a problem that is melting polar ice caps, sending sea levels (51)______and transforming vast areas into desert.“(52)______ the real effect of the agreement after it goes into effect is still uncertain, it is a simple sign that the international society is much more open to alter economic and political behavior to control climate change, which is (53)______ positive,” said Feng Qi, executive director of the School of Environmental and Sustainability Sciences at Kean University in New Jersey.Scientists and (54)______ say the agreement is the first step of a much longer and complicated process of reducing the use of fossil fuels, which currently (55) ______ the majority of the planet’s energy needs and also are the primary drivers of global warming.41. A. applicants B. fears C. observations D. comments42. A. seeks B. allows C. assumes D. seizes43. A. institutions B. laboratories C. committees D. factories44. A. formally B. instantly C. particularly D. generally45. A. prejudices B. approaches C. visions D. concepts46. A. spiritual B. historic C. appropriate D. valueless47. A. agreements B. groups C. headquarters D. emissions48. A. apologized B. denied C. warned D. overlooked49. A. against B. on C. for D. without50. A. avoid B. find C. address D. ignore51. A. falling B. rising C. disappearing D. remaining52. A. Until B. Since C. If D. While53. A. under no circumstances B. on the contraryC. in no caseD. by all means54. A. officers B. policymakers C. employers D. technicians55. A. remove B. preserve C. supply D. restoreSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AI used to think ants knew what they were doing. The ones marching acrossmy kitchen counter looked so confident; I just figured they had a plan, knewwhere they were going and what needed to be done. How else could antsorganize highways, build elaborate nests, launch impressive attacks, and do allthe other things ants do?Turns out I was wrong. Ants aren’t clever little engineers, architects, or soldiers after all --- at least not as individuals. When it comes to deciding what to do next, most ants don’t have a clue. “If you watch an ant try to accomplish something, you’l l be impressed by how awkward it is,” says Deborah M. Gordon, a biologist at Stanford University.“Ants aren’t smart,” Gordon says. “Ant colonies are.” A colony can solve problems unthinkable for individual ants, such as finding the shortest path to the best food source, assigning workers to different tasks, or defending a territory from neighbors. As individuals, ants might be tiny dummies, but as colonies they respond quickly and effectively to their environment. They do it with something called collective intelligence.Where this intelligence comes from raises an essential question in nature: How do the simple actions of individual ants add up to the complex behavior of a group? How do hundreds of honey-bees make a critical decision about their hive (蜂巢)if many of them disagree? The collective abilities of such animals --- one of which grasps the big picture, but each of which contributes to the group’s success --- seem miraculous even to the biologists who know them best. Yet during the past few decades, researchers have come up with fascinating insights.56.The author’s former false impression about ants is that he thought them to be _______.A. smartB. awkwardC. elaborateD. creative57.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Ants will function as a single body once a decision is made by the commander.B. Ants are the only species which developed collective intelligence.C. The ant queen plays a role in managing ant workers besides laying eggs.D. An individual ant can’t comp rehend the whole process of a big movement.58.The paragraph following the passage will most probably deal with _______.A. where we can observe such fantastic behavior of antsB. which is the leading ant in charge of the actionC. how the collective intelligence worksD. what inspiration can be drawn from the collective abilitiesBThe idea of using radio or wireless to broadcast to audiences was formed in 1916 by a president of the American Marconi Company, David Sarnoff. His superiors were doubtfulabout his idea to “make radio a household cause, so that by purchase of a ‘radio music box’,the audience could enjoy lectures, music performance, etc.”Four years later the American engineer Frank Conrad, an employee at W E Corp, attracted considerable attention when a local newspaper reported on the growing audience listening on crystal radio sets to his evening and weekend amateur broadcasts. A local music store had provided records to play on the Victoria, and Conrad and his family served as disc jockeys(唱片音乐播音员). Westinghouse vice president Harry Davis asked Conrad to build a more powerful transmitter(发射台)in time to announce the outcome of the next US presidential election. Conrad completed his assignment, and on November 2, 1920, station KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, broadcast the announcement that Warren G. Harding had been elected president. About 1000 people heard this first news broadcast.Radio communicated news much faster than did newspapers, and because crystal sets were easy to build and inexpensive, radio expanded rapidly in the following years. To stimulate the sale of radio sets, equipment manufactures provided transmitting facilities. Singers, comedians, and entire orchestrasvolunteered their services for publicity. The eventual financial basis of the new industry, however, was still unclear. One group in New York City tried to seek contributions from listeners while others urged that private foundations support radio stations as a public service. In August 1922 the first commercial radio advertisement was broadcast on WEAF (now WNBC) in New York City. In 1926, when about 5 million homes had radios, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), in cooperation with the American Telephone & Telegraph Company, established the first commercial radio network. In the 1920s radio was established as a new mass medium had a practicable industry, and it became a national forum(论坛)for news and popular culture.59.The passage is mainly concerned with _______.A. the contribution of radio to popular cultureB. the invention and uses of radioC. early radio programs for a mass audienceD. the history of radio broadcasting60.Who started broadcasting radio programs to mass audience?A. Frank ConradB. David SarnoffC. Harry DavisD. Warren Harding61.After 1920, radio expanded rapidly because _______.A. people could easily get it in storesB. it was cheaper than newspapersC. it had advantages over newspapersD. people were interested in anything new62.By saying that “the eventual financial basis of the new industry was still unclear”, the author meansthat _______.A. the private foundations were unwilling to support the stationsB. the stations were not sure yet where to get the operational moneyC. advertising and commercial programs could not raise enough moneyD. the listeners would not pay for the broadcasting stationsCIt could be said that the age of adventure peaked with Sir Everest Shackletonthe moment his ship, the Endurance, become hopelessly locked in ice on its way toAntarctica in January 1915. For ten months the 28 men aboard Shackleton’s shipwaited and prayed for ice to break. When it finally did, the Endurance sank, leavingthe crew homeless and adrift on a sea of ice in one of the world’s most dangerousenvironments.In January 2000 a luxury ocean liner found itself similarly trapped in the coldwaters off Antarctica. Argentine authorities sent off an icebreaker straight away fromthe nearest naval base, and in 24 hours, all 176 passengers and crew were free. Thetour company’s spokesperson spun the potential disaster as a value-added reward in extreme travel. “The people on board are looking at this as sort of a great adventure,” she said.Ever since Jon Krakauer’s b ook Into Thin Air made Everest a household name, the subculture of adventure has blown up like a Himalayan avalanche(雪崩) into public consciousness. Magazines promise “extreme” content, television, offers adventure programs, and the growing collective fasci nation with adventure has produced a flow of published accounts about the world’s greatest adventurous journey. Nowadays more and more people are interested in adventure and this mass appeal makes good businesssense. Today the only thing blocking a would-be adventurer’s passage to Antarctica is the cost---- which typically runs well over $10,000.Despite very different implications, adventure was just as popular in Shackleton’s time. He has little trouble filling the Endurance----5,000 men are said to have responded to his recruitment(招募) notice: “Men wanted for risky journey. Small wages. Bitter cold. Long months of complete darkness. Constant danger. Safe return doubtful.”After five months drifting on ice, the crew were forced to take to their lifeboats to Elephant Island. Reaching the wasteland, Shackleton went on with one lifeboat and five of his best men 1,300 kilometers across the bone-chilly Scotia Sea to South Georgia Island. Shivering with cold, dressed in rags, Shackleton marched into a whaling station and set about organizing a rescue expedition to Elephant Island. Almost two years after becoming shipwrecked on ice, Shackleton picked up his crew. “Not a life lost, and we have been through hell,” he remarked earnestly.63.We can learn from the first sentence of this passage that _______.A. the age of adventure began with the ship Endurance trapped in iceB. Shackleton’s adventure marked the highest point of pure explorationC. the age of adventure ended with the ship Endurance trapped in iceD. Shac kleton’s adventure predicted that the golden age of exploration was approaching64.The word “spun” in the second paragraph can be replaced by “_______”.A. summed upB. judgedC. boasted aboutD. referred to65.Since Jon Krakauer’s book was publish ed _______.A. the media have got interested in the topic of adventureB. the costs of extreme travel have gone upC. Everest has got its name known to EuropeD. people have got fascinated by Himalayan avalanches66.The adventure in Shackleton’s time has different implications from today’s in that _______.A. Shackleton’s adventure lasted longer then any other adventure nowadaysB. n o one was missing during Shackleton’s adventureC. Shackleton’s adventure was entirely for the sake of adventureD. Shackleton enrolled volunteers more easilySection CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.My wife and I recently welcomed a child into the world. His only interest right now is keeping us awake 24/7. But one day, he’ll need to learn something about finance. When he does, here are some suggestions.1. You might think you want an expensive car, a fancy watch, and a huge house. But you don’t.(67)________________________ You think having expensive stuff will bring it. It almost never does—especially from the people you want to respect and admire you.2. The road to financial regret is paved with debt. Some debt, such as a mortgage, is OK. But most spending that results in debt is the equivalent of a drug: a quick hit of pleasure that wears off, only to drag you down for years to come, limiting your options and keeping you weighed down by the baggage of your past.3. I hope you’re poor at some point. Not struggling, and not unhappy, of course. But there’s no way to learn the value of money without feeling the power of its scarcity. It teaches you the difference between necessary and desirable. (68) ________________________ These are essential survival skills.4. If you’re like most people, you’ll spend most of your adult life thinking, “Once I’ve saved/earned $X, everything will be great.” Then you’ll hit $X, move the goalposts, and resume chasing your tail. It’s a miserable cycle. Your goals should be about more than money.5. Don’t stay in a job you hate because you made a career choice at 18. Almost no one knows what he or she wants to do at that age. Many people don’t know what they want until they’re twice that age. (These are the signs you’re in the wrong career.)6. The best thing money buys is to control over your time. (69) ________________________ One day you’ll realize that this freedom is one of the things that makes you truly happy.7. Change your mind wh en you need to. I’ve noticed a tendency for people to think they’ve mastered investing when they’re young. They start investing at age 18 and think they have it all figured out by age 19. They never do.8. Some people are born into families that encourage education; others are from families that are against it. Some are born into flourishing economies; others, into war and poverty. I want you to be successful, and I want you to earn it. But realize that not all success is due to hard work and not all poverty is due to laziness. Keep this in mind when judging people, including yourself.9. Your savings rate has a little to do with how much you earn and a lot to do with how much you spend. I know a dentist who lives paycheck to paycheck, always on the edge of ruin. I know another person who never earned more than $50,000 and saved a fortune. The difference is entirely due to their spending.(70) __________________________.10. Don’t listen to me if you disagree with what I’ve written. The world you grow up i n will have different values and opportunities than the one I did. More important, you’ll learn best when you disagree with someone and then are forced to learn it yourself. (On the other hand, always listen to your mother.)IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Meet The Member Who Quit SugarWhen I was 15, I weighed 100 kg.I was a size 20+ and hated the way I looked. I was a serial big eater and quite depressed. I would sit in front of the fridge, eat something, move to the cupboard, eat a packet of chips, and move back to the fridge.It was a heartbreaking cycle of hate and food. I didn’t feel confident, pret ty, or worthwhile.Shopping made me cry, I avoided mirrors, and my social life came to an end. I actually lost friends because they told me I was antisocial. It became so bad that I wanted to abuse myself; my skin and my mind became my enemy.But then, I turned my life around. I quit sugar.It started with my mum. She staged an intervention (干预) that made me cry. I wanted to change - I needed to change - and she could see how unhappy I was.She put me onto a diet that mostly aimed to schedule meals, and - to my shock horror - cut out all processed sugar. It was so hard at first. I remember the shame of sneaking chocolate and candies when the three o’clock hunger hits.But the weeks kept coming and it just got easier. I stopped eating sugar, and I stopped loving it; simple as that.I substituted chips and biscuits for fruit and nuts, and had cup-of-soups after school when I was hit by the desire. I also had more energy, having a 20-minute walk with my dog into my everyday routine; I began to love that personal time.Cutting out sugar gave me so much more control over my body, and my outlook on life improved. So many people are intimidated by the words “quit sugar”. It’s not true. Fruit, honey, et cetera are natural sugars, and believe me, they fuel you better than chocolate bars ever could.Now I’m 17, turning 18, and I weigh 70 kg. I still struggle with my weight, but this is where I sit naturally, and I am very proud of myself. I never thought I would be confident enough to wear dresses or skirts, and take leadership roles to put myself out there and develop my social skills.I could never have done it without the support of my friends and family, and I urge everyone who wants to do right by themselves and change their diet - quitting sugar or otherwise - to share their decision with people. Develop a support network, online or offline, which can offer you advice or pick you up when you’re down. And I can assure you, from my own personal experience, your body will thank you, and you will thank yourself too.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.铃声一响，孩子们就冲了出来。

上海区徐汇区2016-2020年五年高考二模英语试题汇编-翻译句子专题2020年年年年年年年年年年年年年年年V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 开车时遮挡车牌号是违法的。

(It)________________73. 在做出抉择之前，务必充分权衡这一决定将产生的后果。

(weigh)________________74. 参加艺术活动不仅可以缓解压力、培养创造力，还能延年益寿。

(not only)________________75. 在信息泛滥的互联网时代，我们要学会独立思考和自主判断, 而不是盲目从众。

(rather than)________________【答案】72. It is illegal to cover your license plate (number) when (you are) driving.73. Be sure to weigh the consequences of your decision before you make it.74. Engaging in art activities not only helps relieve stress and cultivate creativity, but also extends our life spans / enables us to live longer.75. In the Internet age/era of unlimited information/ flooded with information, we should learn to think independently and make our own judgments rather than blindly follow the crowd.【解析】【72题详解】考查形式主语及时间状语从句。

2017届上海市徐汇区高三英语二模卷(含听力文本和答案)2016学年第二学期徐汇区高三模拟考英语试卷2017.4I. Listening ComprehensionSection A Short ConversationsDirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. He knows who is knocking. B. He is eager to know who it is.C. He doesn’t want to open the door.D. He is ready to open the door.2.A. By plane. B. By bus. C. By taxi.D. By train.3.A. $100. B. $200. C. $300.D. $400.4.A. She went to cinema. B. She went to an exhibition.C. She stayed at home.D. She stayed with her classmates.5.A. In a do ctor’s office. B. In a professor’s office.C. In an operating room.D. In an emergency ward.6.A. The man paid the tuition for learning physics.B. The man got a lot of money for his hard work.C. His hard work was not rewarding at all.D. His work before the test led to a good result.7.A. A furnished house. B. A recent book. C. A further study. D. A new record.8.A. They will go swimming. B. They will climb mountains.C. They will buy some clothes.D. They will forecast the weather conditions.9.A. He has another lecture to attend.B. He has no interest in the lecture.C. He’s attended the same lecture given by Professor Wilson before.D. He might miss the lecture, if the woman didn’t remind him.10. A. She fully agrees with the man. B. They are uncertain about the weather.C. She disagrees with the man.D. She thought the man was always late.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and the passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. People are encouraged to be a craftsman.B. Learning woodworking is not as hard as you think.C. Learning woodworking will help you know more people.D. Taking a class in woodworking will be very helpful.12. A. Because I am a talent in this art and want to share it with others.B. Because I am interested in it and want to show it to others.C. Because I wonder how to pick materials and how to do it well.D. Because it’s a good way to know more people interested in it.13. A. You can expect to do woodworking perfectly the very first time.B. Doing woodworking means being alone for long.C. You can also learn from other people interested in woodworking.D. Taking a class in woodworking costs a lot of money.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the followingpassage.14. A. To analyze causes and effects of using a credit card.B. To encourage people to borrow money from banks.C. To let people know the responsibility in using a credit card.D. To present the effect of computers in popularizing the use of credit cards.15. A. The development of computers.B. People’s greediness for more money.C. People’s needs for less paper money.D. People’s learning to be more responsible.16. A. To learn to be responsible by using credit cards.B. To stop using credit cards and borrow money from friends or relatives.C. To pay money back as fast as possible after using credit cards.D. To stop borrowing money and use your ownfunds for shopping.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A newspaper. B. An advertisement company.C. A cleanup company.D. A market.18. A. She wants to spare more room for something new.B. She wants to turn their old stuff into cash at a low cost.C. She knows that the sales consultant before the man does.D. She just wants to clean up their house.19. A. Rudy is likely to buy their stuff.B. Rudy will come and take their stuff away.C. Rudy plays guitar as well as the man.D. Rudy will help them with the ad and the sale.20. A. His old guitar. B. Their appliances, jewelry, furniture and exerciseequipment.C. The spring cleanup sale.D. The low cost of ad and friendly service.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it (21) _____ it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is absolutely dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as tough a training to become a performer as a medical student needs (22) ______（become） a doctor. Most training is concerned (23) _____technique, for musicians have to be as muscularly skillful as an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords （声带）would be inadequate without (24) ______（control）muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow back and forth with the right arm, (25) ______ are two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists (26) ______（spare）this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for (27) ______ . But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string must be dealt with carefully not to sound like drum or bass, and each tone, even if played very fast, has to sound clear.The problem (28) ______（face）student conductors is that they have to learn to know everynote of the music and (29) ______ it should sound, and they need to aim at controlling these sound with enthusiastic but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music (30) ______ they can enjoy performing works written in any century.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Dear Admissions Committee,I had the pleasure of teaching Sara in her 11th grade honors English class at Mark Twain High School. From the first day of class, Sara impressed me with her ability to clearly explain difficult (31) _______ and texts, her sensitivity to the slight differences within literature, and her passion for reading, writing, and creative expression—both in and out of the classroom. Sara is a talented literary critic and poet, and she has my highest (32) _______ as a student and writer.Sara is talented at considering the elegances within literature and the (33) ______ behind authors' works. She produced an extraordinary year-long thesis paper on creative identity development, in which she compared works from three different time periods and synthesized cultural and historical (34) _______ to inform her analysis. When called upon to give her thesis defense in front of her peers, Sara spoke clearly and (35) _______ about her conclusions and responded to questions in a thoughtful way.Outside of the classroom, Sara is devoted to her literary pursuits, especially to poetry. She publishes her poetry in our school's literary magazine, as well as in online magazines. She is an insightful, sensitive, and deeply self-aware individual driven to (36)______art, writing, and a deeper understanding of the human condition.Throughout the year Sara was an active participant in our discussions, and she always supported her peers. Her caring nature and personality allow her to work well with others in a team setting, as she always respects others' opinions even when they differ from her own. When we held a class debate about gun laws, Sara chose to speak for the side opposite her own views. She explained her choice as (37) _______ by a desire to put herself in other people's shoes, view the issues from a new perspective, and gain a clearer sense of the issue from all angles. Throughout the year, Sara (38) _______ this openness to the opinions, feelings, andperspectives of others, along with sharp powers of observation, all (39) _______ that make her outstanding as a student of literature and burgeoning writer.I am certain that Sara is going to continue to do great and creative things in her future. I highly recommend her for admission to your undergraduate program. She is talented, caring, dedicated, and focused in her pursuits. Sara consistently seeks out (40) _______ feedback so she can improve her writing skills, which is a rare and impressive quality in a high school student. Sara is truly a stand-out individual who will impress everyone she meets. Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions at callmeclemens@.Sincerely,Ms. ScribeEnglish TeacherMark Twain High SchoolIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Paris agreement to fight climate change became international law Friday. The landmark deal aims to deal with global warming among growing (41)______ that the world is becoming hotter even faster than scientists expected.So far, 96 countries, accounting for just over two-thirds of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions, have formally joined the agreement, which (42)______ to limit global warming this century to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above what it was before machines and (43)______ appeared in the late 1700s. The United States (44) ______ entered into the agreement in September, and more countries are expected to come aboard in the coming weeks and months.United Nations Secretary General Ban-Ki Mooncelebrated the event, talking with nongovernmental groups at U.N. headquarters in New York to hear their concerns and (45)______ for the future.“This is an emotional moment for me. It is a credit to all of you. And it is (46)______ for the world,” Ban said in his opening remarks.He praised the (47)______ for getting hundreds of millions of people to back fighting climate change but (48)______ the outcome remained uncertain.“We are still in a race (49)______ time. We need to move on to a low-emission and climate-sustainable future,” Ban added.Scientists praised the speed at which the agreement, signed by 192 parties last December in Paris, has come into force, saying it shows a new commitment by the international community to (50)_____ a problem that is melting polar ice caps, sending sea levels (51)______and transforming vast areas into desert.“(52)______ the real effect of the agreementafter it goes into effect is still uncertain, it is a simple sign that the international society is much more open to alter economic and political behavior to control climate change, which is (53)______ positive,” said Feng Qi, executive director of the School of Environmental and Sustainability Sciences at Kean University in New Jersey.Scientists and (54)______ say the agreement is the first step of a much longer and complicated process of reducing the use of fossil fuels, which currently (55) ______ the majority of the planet’s energy needs and also are the primary drivers of global warming.41. A. applicants B. fears C. observations D. comments42. A. seeks B. allows C. assumesD. seizes43. A. institutions B. laboratories C. committees D. factories44. A. formally B. instantly C. particularlyD. generally45. A. prejudices B. approaches C. visionsD. concepts46. A. spiritual B. historic C. appropriateD. valueless47. A. agreements B. groups C. headquarters D. emissions48. A. apologized B. denied C. warnedD. overlooked49. A. against B. on C. for D. without50. A. avoid B. find C. addressD. ignore51. A. falling B. rising C. disappearingD. remaining52. A. Until B. Since C. IfD. While53. A. under no circumstances B. on the contraryC. in no caseD. by all means54. A. officers B. policymakers C. employersD. technicians55. A. remove B. preserve C. supplyD. restoreSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AI used to think ants knew what theywere doing. The ones marching acrossmy kitchen counter looked so confident;I just figured they had a plan, knew where they were going and what needed to be done. How else could ants organize highways, build elaborate nests, launch impressive attacks, and do all the other things ants do?Turns out I was wrong. Ants aren’t clever littleengineers, architects, or soldiers after all --- at least not as individuals. When it comes to deciding what to do next, most ants don’t have a clue. “If you watch an ant try to accomplish something, you’ll be impressed by how awkward it is,” says Deborah M. Gordon, a biologist at Stanford University.“Ants aren’t smart,” Gordon says. “Ant colonies are.” A colony can solve problems unthinkable for individual ants, such as finding the shortest path to the best food source, assigning workers to different tasks, or defending a territory from neighbors. As individuals, ants might be tiny dummies, but as colonies they respond quickly and effectively to their environment. They do it with something called collective intelligence.Where this intelligence comes from raises an essential question in nature: How do the simple actions of individual ants add up to the complex behavior of a group? How do hundreds of honey-bees make a critical decision about their hive(蜂巢)if many of them disagree? The collective abilities of such animals --- one of which grasps the big picture, but each of which contributes to the group’s success --- seem miraculous even to the biologists who know them best. Yet during the past few decades, researchers have come up with fascinating insights.56.The author’s former fal se impression about ants is that he thought them to be _______.A. smartB. awkwardC. elaborateD. creative57.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Ants will function as a single body once a decision is made by the commander.B. Ants are the only species which developed collective intelligence.C. The ant queen plays a role in managing ant workers besides laying eggs.D. An individual ant can’t comprehend the whole process of a big movement.58.The paragraph following the passage will most probably deal with _______.A. where we can observe such fantastic behavior of antsB. which is the leading ant in charge of the actionC. how the collective intelligence worksD. what inspiration can be drawn from the collective abilitiesBThe idea of using radio or wireless to broadcast to audiences was formed in 1916 by a president of the American Marconi Company, David Sarnoff. His superiors were doubtful about his idea to “make radio a household cause, so that by purchase of a ‘radio music box’, the audience could enjoy lectures, music performance, etc.”Four years later the American engineer FrankConrad, an employee at W E Corp, attracted considerable attention when a local newspaper reported on the growing audience listening on crystal radio sets to his evening and weekend amateur broadcasts. A local music store had provided records to play on the Victoria, and Conrad and his family served as disc jockeys(唱片音乐播音员). Westinghouse vice president Harry Davis asked Conrad to build a more powerful transmitter(发射台)in time to announce the outcome of the next US presidential election. Conrad completed his assignment, and on November 2, 1920, station KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, broadcast the announcement that Warren G. Harding had been elected president. About 1000 people heard this first news broadcast.Radio communicated news much faster than did newspapers, and because crystal sets were easy to build and inexpensive, radio expanded rapidly in the following years. To stimulate the sale of radio sets,equipment manufactures provided transmitting facilities. Singers, comedians, and entire orchestras volunteered their services for publicity. The eventual financial basis of the new industry, however, was still unclear. One group in New York City tried to seek contributions from listeners while others urged that private foundations support radio stations as a public service. In August 1922 the first commercial radio advertisement was broadcast on WEAF (now WNBC) in New York City. In 1926, when about 5 million homes had radios, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), in cooperation with the American Telephone & Telegraph Company, established the first commercial radio network. In the 1920s radio was established as a new mass medium had a practicable industry, and it became a national forum(论坛)for news and popular culture.59.The passage is mainly concerned with _______.A. the contribution of radio to popular cultureB. the invention and uses of radioC. early radio programs for a mass audienceD. the history of radio broadcasting60.Who started broadcasting radio programs to mass audience?A. Frank ConradB. David SarnoffC. Harry DavisD. Warren Harding61.After 1920, radio expanded rapidly because _______.A. people could easily get it in storesB. it was cheaper than newspapersC. it had advantages over newspapersD. people were interested in anything new62.By saying that “the eventual financial basis of the new industry was still unclear”, the author means that _______.A. the private foundations were unwilling to support the stationsB. the stations were not sure yet where to get the operational moneyC. advertising and commercial programs couldnot raise enough moneyD. the listeners would not pay for the broadcasting stationsC It could be said that the age of adventure peaked with Sir Everest Shackleton the moment his ship, the Endurance,become hopelessly locked inice on its way to Antarctica in January1915. For ten months the 28 men aboard Shackleton’s ship waited and prayed for ice to break. When it finally did, the Endurance sank, leaving the crew homeless and adrift on a sea of ice in one of the world’s most dangerous environments.In January 2000 a luxury ocean liner found itself similarly trapped in the cold waters off Antarctica. Argentine authorities sent off an icebreaker straight away from the nearest naval base, and in 24 hours, all 176 passengers and crew were free. The tour company’s spokesperson spun the potential disasteras a value-added reward in extreme travel. “The people on board are looking at this as sort of a great adventure,” she said.Ever since Jon Krakauer’s book Into Thin Air made Everest a household name, the subculture of adventure has blown up like a Himalayan avalanche(雪崩) into public consciousness. Magazines promise “extreme” content, television, offers adventure programs, and the growing collective fascination with adventure has produced a flow of published accounts about the world’s greatest adventurous journey. Nowadays more and more people are interested in adventure and this mass appeal makes good business sense. Today the only thing blocking a would-be adventurer’s passage to Antarctica is the cost---- which typically runs well over $10,000.Despite very different implications, adventure was just as popular in Shackleton’s time. He has little trouble filling the Endurance----5,000 men are said tohave responded to his recruitment(招募) notice: “Men wanted for risky journey. Small wages. Bitter cold. Long months of complete darkness. Constant danger. Safe return doubtful.”After five months drifting on ice, the crew were forced to take to their lifeboats to Elephant Island. Reaching the wasteland, Shackleton went on with one lifeboat and five of his best men 1,300 kilometers across the bone-chilly Scotia Sea to South Georgia Island. Shivering with cold, dressed in rags, Shackleton marched into a whaling station and set about organizing a rescue expedition to Elephant Island. Almost two years after becoming shipwrecked on ice, Shackleton picked up his crew. “Not a life lost, and we have been through hell,” he remarked earnestly.63.We can learn from the first sentence of this passage that _______.A. the age of adventure began with the shipEndurance trapped in iceB. Shackleton’s adventure marked the highest point of pure explorationC. the age of adventure ended with the ship Endurance trapped in iceD. Shackleton’s adventure predicted that the golden age of exploration was approaching64.The word “spun” in the second paragraph can be replaced by “_______”.A. summed upB. judgedC. boasted aboutD. referred to65.Since Jon Krakauer’s book was published _______.A. the media have got interested in the topic of adventureB. the costs of extreme travel have gone upC. Everest has got its name known to EuropeD. people have got fascinated by Himalayan avalanches66.The adventure in Shackleton’s time hasdifferent implications from today’s in that _______.A. Shackleton’s adventure lasted longer then any other adventure nowadaysB. no o ne was missing during Shackleton’s adventureC. Shackleton’s adventure was entirely for the sake of adventureD. Shackleton enrolled volunteers more easily Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. It’ll make you learn to enjoy what you have,fix what’s broken, and shop for a bargain.B. Spending more is likely to stimulate yourmotivation for more earning.C. It gives you options and frees you fromrelying on someone else’s priorities.D. Living with less is the most efficient way to control your financial future.E. Actually, your parents have already given you too much.F. What you want is respect and admiration from other people.My wife and I recently welcomed a child into the world. His only interest right now is keeping us awake 24/7. But one day, he’ll need to learn something about finance. When he does, here are some suggestions.1. You might think you want an expensive car, a fancy watch, and a huge house. But you don’t.(67)________________________ You think having expensive stuff will bring it. It almost never does—especially from the people you want to respect and admire you.2. The road to financial regret is paved with debt. Some debt, such as a mortgage, is OK. But mostspending that results in debt is the equivalent of a drug: a quick hit of pleasure that wears off, only to drag you down for years to come, limiting your options and keeping you weighed down by the baggage of your past.3. I hope you’re poor at some point. Not struggling, and not unhappy, of course. But there’s no way to learn the value of money without feeling the power of its scarcity. It teaches you the difference between necessary and desirable. (68) ________________________ These are essential survival skills.4. If you’re like most people, you’ll spend most of your adult life thinking, “Once I’ve saved/earned $X, everything will be great.” Then you’ll hit $X, move the goalposts, and resume chasing your tail. It’s a miserable cycle. Your goals should be about more than money.5. Don’t stay in a job you hate because you made a career choice at 18. Almost no one knows what he orshe wants to do at that age. Many people don’t know what they want until they’re twice that a ge. (These are the signs you’re in the wrong career.)6. The best thing money buys is to control over your time. (69) ________________________ One day you’ll realize that this freedom is one of the things that makes you truly happy.7. Change your mind whe n you need to. I’ve noticeda tendency for people to think they’ve mastered investing when they’re young. They start investing at age 18 and think they have it all figured out by age 19. They never do.8. Some people are born into families that encourage education; others are from families that are against it. Some are born into flourishing economies; others, into war and poverty. I want you to be successful, and I want you to earn it. But realize that not all success is due to hard work and not all poverty is due to laziness. Keep this in mind when judging people, including yourself.9. Your savings rate has a little to do with how much you earn and a lot to do with how much you spend. I know a dentist who lives paycheck to paycheck, always on the edge of ruin. I know another person who never earned more than $50,000 and saved a fortune. The difference is entirely due to their spending. (70) __________________________. 10. Don’t listen to me if you disagree with what I’ve written. The world you grow up in will have different values and opportunities than the one I did. More important, you’ll learn best when you disagree with someone and then are forced to learn it yourself. (On the other hand, always listen to your mother.) IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Meet The Member Who Quit SugarWhen I was 15, I weighed 100 kg.I was a size 20+ and hated the way I looked. I was a serial big eater and quite depressed. I would sit in front of the fridge, eat something, move to the cupboard, eat a packet of chips, and move back to the fridge.It was a heartbreaking cycle of hate and food. I didn’t feel confident, pret ty, or worthwhile.Shopping made me cry, I avoided mirrors, and my social life came to an end. I actually lost friends because they told me I was antisocial. It became so bad that I wanted to abuse myself; my skin and my mind became my enemy.But then, I turned my life around. I quit sugar.It started with my mum. She staged an intervention(干预) that made me cry. I wanted to change - I needed to change - and she could see how unhappy I was.She put me onto a diet that mostly aimed to schedule meals, and - to my shock horror - cut out all processed sugar. It was so hard at first. I rememberthe shame of sneaking chocolate and candies when the three o’clock hunger hits.But the weeks kept coming and it just got easier.I stopped eating sugar, and I stopped loving it; simple as that.I substituted chips and biscuits for fruit and nuts, and had cup-of-soups after school when I was hit by the desire. I also had more energy, having a 20-minute walk with my dog into my everyday routine; I began to love that personal time.Cutting out sugar gave me so much more control over my body, and my outlook on life improved. So many people are intimidated by the words “quit sugar”. It’s not true. Fruit, honey, et cetera are natural sugars, and believe me, they fuel you better than chocolate bars ever could.Now I’m 17, turning 18, and I weigh 70 kg. I still struggle with my weight, but this is where I sit naturally, and I am very proud of myself. I never thought I would be confident enough to wear dresses。

2016年上海市徐汇区中考⼆模英语试卷2016年徐汇区学习能⼒诊断卷初三英语试卷2016.4（满分150分，考试时间100分钟）I.Listening Comprehension(听⼒理解)（共30分）A.Listen and choose the right picture.(根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图⽚)（6分）B.Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear.(根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案)（8分）7.A)Two.B)Three.C)Five.D)Seven.8.A)In Hong Kong.B)In Tokyo.C)In Beijing.D)In London.9.A)At8:30.B)At9:00.C)At9:30.D)At10:00.10.A)Wife and husband.B)Teacher and student.C)Boss and secretary.D)Air hostess(空姐）and passenger.11．A)In the kitchen.B)In the bedroom．C)In the living room.D)In the garden.12.A)Look for dinosaurs.B)Go to the library.C)Search for information online.D)Borrow some books from the lady.13．A)Happy.B)Tired.C)Bored.D)Excited.14．A)The woman used to travel a lot.B)The woman's sister likes to collect postcards.C)Their suitcases may be full of gifts.D)The man wants a bigger suitcase.C.Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false(判断下列句⼦是否符合你听到的短⽂内容，符合的⽤T表⽰，不符合的⽤F表⽰)15．The mother took her son to a concert to praise him for his progress.16．Their seats were close to the entrance of the concert hall.17．The boy secretly went up onto the stage and started to play.18．The pianist was surprised to find how wonderfully the boy pl ayed the piano.19.The pianist and the boy played together and their music attracted the crowd.20.It tells us a helping hand makes a difference and people are supposed to help each other.D.Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短⽂，完成下列内容。