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入舵市安恙阳光实验学校专题12 状语从句一、状语从句概览二、语法详解在复合句中作状语的从句叫做状语从句。
状语从句可以位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。
1.时间状语从句1．when, while和as引导的时间状语从句连词含义用法when当……时候可与延续性动词或非延续性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生while当……时候只可与延续性动词连用；侧重于主句动作与从句动作相对比as一边……一边……；随着常与延续性动词连用；从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生1.Researchers in Britain found that when French music wasplayed, sales of French wines went up.2.While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words andimages.3.As he grew older, he became less active.[特别注意] 如果主句表示的是非延续性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，则when, while与as可互换使用。
When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend.2．表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语引导的时间状语从句(1)有的名词(短语)或副词可引导时间状语从句，如：the moment, theminute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly,instantly等，另外as soon as也可引导时间状语从句，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。
For example, the moment you get on the airplane, startadjusting your biological clock to the destination's time.The boy ran off the minute he saw the owner of the orchard.(2)在hardly/scarcely ... when和no sooner ... than ...结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。
一、并列句并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。
在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。
并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。
在实际短文写作中，使用并列句可以使句式多样化，从而提高短文的弹性和可读性。
１．常见并列句的类型及并列连词类型连词并列关系（递进关系）and，both…and…，not only…but also…，neither…nor…，when转折关系but，yet，whereas选择关系or，otherwise，or else，either…or…，not…but…因果关系for，so，therefore，thus对比关系while这个小伙子工作认真，从不出差错。
Jim not only wrote to me last week but also came to see me yesterday.吉姆上星期不但写信给我，而且昨天还来看过我。
The man lives simply，for he has been out of work for a long time.这个人生活简朴，因为他已经失业很长时间了。
Call a taxi or you won't be able to catch the underground train.给出租车打电话，否则你赶不上地铁了。
I'm a student in China and I plan to go to Britain to attend a summer school during the vacation.我是中国的一名学生，打算在暑假期间到英国参加一个假期课程。
Talents come from diligence，and knowledge is gained by accumulation.天才在于勤奋，知识在于积累。
２．并列连词构成的常用句式（１）and构成的句式１祈使句＋and＋陈述句（祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，and后面的句子相当于一个表示结果的主句）。
并列句与状语从句[专题过关训练][题点全面练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2018·贵州遵义模拟)But you don’t know that when I started senior English in the beginning, I found it difficult and quite different from what we had learned in junior school.2．(2018·辽宁沈阳模拟)Now I have made such great progress in my English study that I am more interested in learning it than before.3．(2018·甘肃会宁一中模拟)Bravely as/though the players fought, they had no chance of winning.4．In recent years, the world economy has recovered gradually from the 2008 financial crisis, but/though/although the economic situation is still complex and serious.5．(2018·重庆八中模拟)When hunger strikes, we can reach for a healthy, nutritious meal, or we can choose the junk food of high sugar.6．It was _so successful that he designed the present one, which measures roughly 200 square meters.7．So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates should help.8．If/When/While you are travelling abroad, here are the tips you need to make your trip much easier.9．(2018·广东中山5月模拟)Most didn’t know the answers because/as/since they learn by rote (死记硬背)．10．What we are about to do is perfectly legal. But please don’t discuss it with anyone.Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2018·贵州遵义模拟)I forgave him but gave him a hug. but→and2．(2018·甘肃会宁一中模拟)When I was 10, once my parents were away on business, but I had to stay at home alone for a day. but→and/so3．There is only a little rain and the weather is neither too hot or too cold. or→nor4．(2018·黑龙江肇东一中模拟)Because the answer seemed a little strange, nobody but I doubted it. Because→Although/Though5．(2018·广东惠州模拟)We can take a bus and ride a bike to get there.and→or 6．(2018·华南师大附中模拟)You have to read because you want to become a good reader. because→if7．Shaking hands is the most popular way to greet each other while people meet. while→when8．They said this was so a beautiful day that they would remember it forever. so→such9．(2018·辽宁沈阳模拟)He worriedly asked me to lie down, drink some water or have a good rest. or→and10．(2018·福建泉州模拟)It’s good to arrive early so you can get settled after classes start. after→before[语篇综合练]Ⅰ.语法填空(2018·山西太原一模)A mouse, because of a(n) __1__ (luck) chance, made close friends with an evil frog. One day, __2__ frog played a trick on the mouse by __3__ (tie) a foot of the mouse to his own. At first, both of them joined together and the frog __4__ (lead) his friend toward the pool in which he lived, and didn’t stop __5__ he reached the side of the water. Then the frog suddenly jumped into the water and the mouse was pulled in with __6__ (he). The frog enjoyed the water and swam in it around, happily crying __7__ if he had done a great deed. The unhappy mouse died soon in the water, and his dead body floated around on the surface, __8__ (fasten) to the foot of the frog. A hawk saw the dead mouse, suddenly flew down towards it, caught it and flew away. The frog, still tied to the foot of the mouse, was also carried of as a __9__ (prison), and he __10__ (eat) by the hawk.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。
第12讲并列句和状语从句两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子叫做并列句，其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。
并列连词有:and, but, or, so等。
状语从句是在句子中起副词作用的句子。
根据状语从句在句中不同的作用可分为：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、让步和比较状语从句。
并列连词和从属连词是高考的重要考点之一，在语法填空中通常以无提示词的方式进行考查，在短文改错中主要考查并列连词和从属连词的误用。
并列句和状语从句的考点如下：核心考点01考查并列连词并列连词是用来连接两个或多个并列的词、短语或句子的词,主要表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系。
并列连词在句子中位置比较固定,必须位于所连接的并列单位之间;两个并列连词不能并用。
1.表示并列关系的连词表示并列关系的连词有and, both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...等。
2.表示选择关系的连词表示选择关系的连词有or, either...or...等。
3.表示转折关系的连词表示转折关系的连词有but, yet, while等。
4.表示因果关系的连词表示因果关系的连词有for，so。
We listened eagerly, for he brought news of our families.5.when作并列连词的用法when除了作从属连词,引导时间状语从句外,还可作并列连词,其意义为“这时,那时”,相当于and at this/that time。
常用于下列句式:①sb. was doing sth. when...②sb. was about to/going to do sth. when...③sb. was on the point of doing sth. when...④sb. had just done sth. when...。
如:We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我们正在开会,这时有人闯了进来。
状语从句句子的类型句子：简单句并列句复合句：●名词性从句：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句●状语从句●定语从句什么是状语状语时用来修饰词，词，词或的一种句子成分。
它可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式等。
当充当状语的部分是一个句子时，也就是状语从句，来说明一件事情发生的时间,地点,原因,条件,结果等。
分类如下：状语从句1. 时间状语从句2. 地点状语从句3. 原因状语从句4. 条件状语从句5. 让步状语从句6. 目的状语从句7. 结果状语从句8. 方式状语从句9. 比较状语从句1. While I was wondering at this, our schoolmaster took his place. ( )2. Where there is a will, there is a way. ( )3. Now that/Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. （）4. I’ll speak slowly so that you can understand me. ( )5. So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. ( )6. As long as you don’t lose heart, you’ll succeed. （）7. He is unhappy, though he has a lot of money.8. The old lady treats the boy as if he were his own son. ( )一．时间状语从句（一）用when, while或as 填空:1._____________ we were talking, Mr Smiths came in.2._____ they came home, I was cooking dinner.3.I was about to go to bed _______ I heard someone knock at t the door.(并列句)4. ________ we were watching TV, he was studying.5. He is fat _______ his brother is thin. (并列句)6. _____she sang, tears ran down her face.A 从句为‖当……的时候‖,从句谓语为延续性动词,主句谓语为非延续性动词(即终止性动词), 三者可通用.B 当从句的谓语动词为终止性动词,只能用when; 表示―正在那时‖, 也只能用when.C.从句和主句的谓语动词都为延续性动词时, 只能用while; while还可作并列连词,表示‖而‖.D. 当强调主句和从句的动作同时发生时,只能用as, 译为“正当…；一边…一边…; 随着…”________he talked on, he got more and more excited.________ you grow older ,you will know better and better about yourself.They talked ______they walked along the river.（二）“一…就”除用as soon as 外，还可用the moment、immediately、no sooner…than, hardly…when 等。
专题9 并列句和状语从句考纲展示命题探究考点一并列句基础点由并列连词连接的，两个或两个以上的分句放在一起的句子叫并列句。
不同的并列连词有不同的意义，也折射出各个分句之间的不同逻辑关系。
根据分句之间的不同关系，并列句可以分为以下几种：1表示并列或递进关系的并列句表示并列关系的连词有and, both...and..., not only... but also..., neither... nor...等。
Both New York and London have traffic problems.纽约和伦敦都有交通问题。
Not_only the students but_(also) their teacher is enjoying the movie.不仅学生而且老师也喜欢这部电影。
2表示选择关系的并列句表示选择关系的并列连词有or, or else, otherwise, either...or..., not... but...等。
Be careful about what you say or you may regret it.当心你讲的话，否则你会后悔的。
You can come either on Saturday or on Sunday.你可以星期六或者星期日来。
3表示对比转折关系的并列句表示转折关系的并列连词有but, yet, however, whereas, nevertheless, while等。
I would have written before, but I was ill.我本该早写信的，但我生病了。
I have failed, yet I shall try again.我失败了，但我还要再尝试。
Some men are rich, while_(whereas) others are poor.一些人富有，但其他人贫穷。
4表示因果关系的并列句表示因果关系的连词有so, for, thus, therefore等。
第十二讲并列句与状语从句并列句这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。
1．转折/对比并列连词常见的表示转折关系的并列连词包括but, while(而)等。
其中，while连接并列句时，两分句之间是对比关系。
It often rains in the south, while it seldom rains in the north.在南方经常下雨，然而在北方很少下雨。
2．联合并列连词常见的表示平行或对等关系的联合并列连词有and, not only ... but (also), neither ... nor等。
Not only did he speak more correctly, but (also) he spoke more easily.他不仅说得更正确，而且说得更轻松。
3．选择并列连词(or, either ... or, not ... but ...等)Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?你是想走还是想留？4．因果并列连词(for, so等)He must have been caught in the rain, for he is wet all over.他一定淋雨了，因为他全身都湿了。
5．特殊并列连词及并列句(1)when可用于并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and this/that time。
常用于下列句式：⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧be about to do sth. when ... 正要做某事，这时突然……be on the point of doing sth. when ...正要做某事，这时突然……be doing sth. when ... 正在做某事，这时突然……had done sth. when ... 刚做了某事，这时突然……He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow.他正要去上学，这时突然刮起了大风。
宾语从句概念特征基本结构：主句（谓语动词/非谓语动词/介词/be+adj）+连接词（从属连词/连接代词/连接副词）+宾语从句宾语从句三要素1、引导词2、语序：陈述语序3、时态：主现从随便主过从必过真理永一现初级水平一、that 引导的宾语从句中，作动词的宾语时，that 可以省略，但是几个that 并列时不能省略He said (that) the meeting was very important and that we should attend it. 他说会议很重要并要求我们参加。
宾语从句中的时态特点：①如果主句是一般现在时，从句可以用它本身所需要的任何时态；本质：主句是一般现在时，说明说话者处于现在这个时间即此时此刻，那么宾语从句表述的是客观事实或事件，不受主句的影响而根据自身需要使用相应时态Tom says you will eat apple 将会吃苹果Tom says you eat apple 吃苹果Tom says you are eating apple 正在吃苹果Tom says you ate apple 曾经吃了苹果Tom says you have eaten apple 已经吃了苹果Tom says you had eaten apple 那时已经吃了苹果Tom says you would eat apple 原本打算吃苹果②如果主句不是一般现在时，主、从句时态上要一致而不是相同本质：当主句不是一般现在时，主句的时态决定了从句发生的时间节点，不然就会出现时空错乱和逻辑错误，所以从句时态要和主句时态连接在一起，保证正常时空逻辑顺序Tom said that you will eat apple主句是过去时从句是将来时直接跳过了现在这个时间导致时空错乱在老外的时空观念里过去不可能跳过现在直接到将来过去必须经过现在才能到将来所以就要加入过去将来这个时间节点Tom said that you would eat apple总结：过去时只可能和过去进行时过将来时过去完成时这些时态连接在一起当主句是一般过去时，从句变成相应的过去时即时态倒退一步③表示客观事实，真理的从句一般用现在时You can’t imagine how excited they were when they received these nice presents. 你想象不到当他们收到这么好的礼物时多么激动。
第十二讲 并列句与状语从句并列句这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。
1．转折/对比并列连词常见的表示转折关系的并列连词包括but, while(而)等。
其中，while 连接并列句时，两分句之间是对比关系。
It often rains in the south, while it seldom rains in the north. 在南方经常下雨，然而在北方很少下雨。
2．联合并列连词常见的表示平行或对等关系的联合并列连词有and, not only ... but (also), neither ... nor 等。
Not only did he speak more correctly, but (also) he spoke more easily. 他不仅说得更正确，而且说得更轻松。
3．选择并列连词(or, either ... or, not ... but ...等) Would you like to leave or would you like to stay? 你是想走还是想留？4．因果并列连词(for, so 等)He must have been caught in the rain, for he is wet all over. 他一定淋雨了，因为他全身都湿了。
5．特殊并列连词及并列句(1)when 可用于并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and this/that time 。
常用于下列句式：⎩⎪⎨⎪⎧be about to do sth. when ... 正要做某事，这时突然……be on the point of doing sth. when ...正要做某事，这时突然……be doing sth. when ... 正在做某事，这时突然……had done sth. when ... 刚做了某事，这时突然……He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow.他正要去上学，这时突然刮起了大风。
(2)“祈使句＋and/or ＋陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。
Register in WeChat, and you will be able to get in touch with the friends whom you haven ’t seen for a long time.在微信上注册后，你就能与很久没见面的朋友取得联系了。
[对点练1] 用适当的连词填空①One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.②We may not be able to recall the thin gs we have heard or seen, _but_ they are all kept there in the storehouse of the human mind.③Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.④Some of us let these dreams die, while/but_ others protect them and take care of them through bad days until they bring them to the sunshine.⑤The short road, the easy path and the light load all lead to lower grades in school of life.状语从句(一)时间状语从句1．when, while与as引导的时间状语从句连词从句谓语动词用法wh en 延续性动词或非延续性动词从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生while延续性动词从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生as 延续性动词强调主从句动作相伴发生，可译为“一边……一边……；随着”Metals expand when they are heated.金属受热时膨胀。
While I was reading, he came in.我正在看书时，他进来了。
The students sang as they walked.学生们边走边唱。
As a young man (＝When he was a young man), he was fond of hunting. 他年轻时喜欢打猎。
[名师指津] 有时as连接一个名词时，相当于一个时间状语从句。
2．before与since引导的时间状语从句(1)before与since的常用句式我半年之后才回来。
It won’t be long before we meet again.用不了多久我们就会再见面。
It was three days before he came back.三天后他才回来。
(2)since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的是自从句谓语动作算起；若用延续性动词或状态动词，所表示的就是自动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。
It’s two years since we arrived here.我们到这儿两年了。
It’s three years since we lived here.我们不住在这里有三年了。
3．表示“一……就……”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句(1)引导时间状语从句，且表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语有as soon as, the moment, the minute, immediately, directly, hardly/scarcely ... when, no sooner ... than ...等。
Directly you feel any pains, you must go to the doctor.你一感觉疼痛就必须去看医生。
We will leave the minute you are ready.你一准备好，我们就出发。
(2)hardly/scarcely ... when, no sooner ... than ...中主句应用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时；当no sooner ...和hardly/scarcely ...位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.他一听到这个消息就哭了。
No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.我们刚到火车站火车就开了。
4．until与till引导的时间状语从句(1)until与till引导时间状语从句的区别：他回来时我已等了很长时间。
It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.教授来了之后，我们才开始实验。
(2)not until位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。
Not until he told me about it again did I have any idea of it.直到他又告诉我一遍我才明白。
(3)until/till用于肯定句时主句的谓语动词是延续性动词，用于否定句时主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词。
They waited till/until I returned.他们一直等着我回来。
5．引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(短语)(1)其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词(短语)还有after, whenever, every time, each time, next time, the first/last time, any time, by the time, the day/year 等。
Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每当我们遇到困难，他们就来帮忙。
(2)by the time引导的时间状语从句如果用一般现在时，主句则用将来完成时；从句如果用一般过去时，主句则用过去完成时。
By the time you come back, we will have finished the job.到你回来的时候，我们将已经完成了这项工作。
By the time we got there, the rain had stopped.到我们到达那儿时，雨已经停了。
(二)条件状语从句1．引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词(短语)有if, unless, as/so long as, in case (万一), once, on condition that, provided/providing (that), supposing/suppose (that)等。
You’ll fail the exam unless you study hard.除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。
S upposing that they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们必须在周末前归还。
2．在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。
In case there is a fire, what will we do first?万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？(三)让步状语从句1．although, though, as与while引导的让步状语从句(1)although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序； though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。
Although/Though he may be troubled, he always presents a calm smiling face.尽管他可能会遇到麻烦，但他总是露出平静的微笑。
Much as/though I have traveled, I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.虽然我已经去过很多地方，但我从未见过像约翰这么能干的人。
