下载文档原格式
2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试西工大附中第一次适应性训练英语第Ⅰ卷第一部分：语音共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从每小题A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出所给单词的正确读音，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. astonishA. [ ]B. [ ]C. [ ]D. [ ]2. microwaveA. [ ]B.[ ]C. [ ]D.[ ]3. possibilityA.[ ] B.[]C.[D.[ ]4. significanceA.[ ] B.[]C.[]D.[]5. uncomfortableA.[ ] B.[ ]C. [ ]D.[ ]第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分50分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）6. Whoever invented______ wheel is believed to have made______ most usefulinvention in______ history.A. a; the /;B. the; the; /C. the;. /; /D. a; a; the.7. I spent the whole day repairing the motorbike. The work was _____easy.A. nothing butB. somethingC. all exceptD. anything but8. If you can make what the teachers teach ______, you will make rapid progress.A. yoursB. yourselfC. youD. your9. ___________, a form must be filled in.A. To ask for his helpB. In order to get his jobC. Making request for his jobD. If you want to get this job10. It is really hot ______ January in Xi’an now. Better take off your coat.A. inB. duringC. forD. to11. ______ she is young, she knows quite a lot.A. WhenB. HoweverC. AlthoughD. Unless12. ------ Look, where are you going ?------ Oh, I’m terribly sorry. ______.A. I’m not noticingB. I wasn’t noticingC. I haven’t noticedD. I don’t notice13. When he got off the bus, he found his pocket ______.A. stolenB. pickedC. goneD. missing14. This project _____ considered thoroughly, and I’m sure it _____ finished ontime.A. must be; may beB. should be; can beC. may be; must beD. can be; should15. Mary’s mother got sick, so she called ______.A. her party onB. of her partyC. her party offD. on her party16. Although the first part is easy, the rest ______.A. is supported difficultB. are difficultC. has proved difficultD. could have been difficult17. He is ______ is known as a hacker ---- he likes to show off on the Internet andattack websites.A. whoB. whatC. thatD. which18. The lad couldn’t ______ even if he ______ in time.A. have been saved; had been treatedB. be saved; have been treatedC. be saved; had been treatedD. had been saved; would have been treated19. I wonder why you don’t do it as ______ and it’s the third time you have doneso.A. told youB. be toldC. told toD. you told20. ---- I’m sorry that I can’t go to your party tonight.---- ______ ? Haven’t we agreed on it ?A. What is itB. Why don’t youC. What do you thinkD. How is it第二节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5 分，满分30 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
西北工业大学航空学院德语（一外）2007理论力学1997，2000，2002——2004，2007腐蚀防护2007自动控制原理1995——1996，2000——2007（2001——2006有答案）信号与系统2002——2007（注：2006年试卷共4页，缺第1页）材料科学基础2003——2010（2010为回忆版）（2005——2009有答案）飞机总体设计原理2003——2004，2007材料力学2003——2004，2007数字电子技术2003，2007数字电路2004空气动力学2003——2004，2007空中交通管理基础2003——2004，2007结构有限元分析基础2007流体力学2003——2004，2007机械振动基础2007自动化检测技术2007航天学院日语(一外)2007德语（一外）2007自动控制原理1995——1996，2000——2007（2001——2006有答案）航天器与导弹控制原理2007飞行器飞行力学2007气体动力学2007飞行器结构力学2007火箭发动机原理2007数字电子技术2003，2007数字电路2004材料力学2003——2004，2007航海学院水声学原理2003——2004，2007噪声与振动控制2007理论力学1997，2000，2002——2004，2007流体力学2003——2004，2007自动控制原理1995——1996，2000——2007（2001——2006有答案）模拟电子技术2003——2004，2007数字信号处理2002——2004，2007通信原理2001——2004，2007（2002有答案）微弱信号检测技术2007信号检测与估计2003——2004，2007动力装置原理2007微机原理及应用2000——2004，2007（2000——2003有答案）[说明：2003年试卷名称为“微型计算机原理”]信号与系统2002——2007（注：2006年试卷共4页，缺第1页）塑性成形原理2003——2004材料学院材料科学基础2003——2010（2010为回忆版）（2005——2009有答案）陶瓷工艺原理2007材料力学2003——2004，2007塑性成形原理2003——2004机电学院设计理论2007工业设计2007电工技术与电子技术2007工业设计基础2003——2004电子技术基础1996——1997，2004，2007设施规划与设计2007汽车理论基础2007数控机床2007机械设计2003——2004，2007机械原理1996，2001，2003——2004微机原理及应用2000——2004，2007（2000——2003有答案）[说明：2003年试卷名称为“微型计算机原理”]电路1998——1999电路基础2001——2004，2007数字电子技术2003，2007数字电路2004电力电子技术2003——2004，2007机械加工工艺学2003——2004，2007计算机辅助管理2002——2004，2007计算机辅助制造2003——2004，2007C语言2003C语言程序设计2004塑性成形原理2003——2004力学与土木建筑学院建筑历史2007建筑设计原理2007道面工程2007理论力学1997，2000，2002——2004，2007材料力学2003——2004，2007结构力学（土建）2003——2004，2007钢筋混凝土结构2007道面工程2007动力与能源学院德语（一外）2007自动控制原理1995——1996，2000——2007（2001——2006有答案）传热学2003——2004，2007工程流体力学2003——2004，2007工程热力学2002——2004，2007叶轮机械原理2007信号与系统2002——2007（注：2006年试卷共4页，缺第1页）电子技术基础1996——1997，2004，2007电工技术与电子技术2007数字电子技术2003，2007数字电路2004模拟电子技术2003——2004，2007电子信息学院电路1998——1999电路基础2001——2004，2007模拟电子技术2003——2004，2007信号与系统2002——2007（注：2006年试卷共4页，缺第1页）通信原理2001——2004，2007（2002有答案）数字电子技术2003，2007数字电路2004自动控制原理1995——1996，2000——2007（2001——2006有答案）数字信号处理2002——2004，2007电磁场与电磁波2002——2004，2007武器运筹学2007航空火力控制原理2007随机信号分析2003——2004教育学专业基础综合（全国统考试卷）2007——2008自动化学院德语（一外）2007自动控制原理1995——1996，2000——2007（2001——2006有答案）电路1998——1999电路基础2001——2004，2007计算机网络2007概率论2004，2007概率论与数理统计2003系统工程概论2007交通工程导论2007惯性导航原理2007传感器原理2007电机学2007电力电子技术2003——2004，2007电子技术基础1996——1997，2004，2007机电控制元件与系统2007微机原理及应用2000——2004，2007（2000——2003有答案）[说明：2003年试卷名称为“微型计算机原理”]C语言2003C语言程序设计2004医学图像处理2007计算机学院计算机专业基础2004，2007计算机组成与系统结构2001——2003计算方法2003——2004计算机综合技术2004编译原理2000——2002操作系统1999——2002数据结构1998——1999，2002软件综合技术2004离散数学2000——2002理学院高等代数2007数学分析2002，2007数学分析与高等代数2003——2004量子力学2002——2004，2007电动力学2007光学2003——2004，2007有机化学2004，2007数学（理学）2007普通物理2007数字电子技术2003，2007数字电路2004物理化学（凝聚态物理、材料物理与化学、材料学、材料加工工程、应用化学专业）2007物理化学（物理化学、药剂学专业）2007高分子化学2007高分子物理2007环境化学2007管理学院运筹学2003——2007（2005有答案）（注：2005年试卷共6页，缺第6页；2005年答案共6页，缺第6页）管理经济学2003——2004，2007管理学2002——2004，2007计算机辅助管理2002——2004，2007计算机辅助制造2003——2004，2007人文与经法学院俄语(一外)2007日语(一外)2007法语(一外) 2007英语水平测试2002——2004，2007英语写作知识与技能2002英语语言学测试2003英语语言学基础2002英语综合知识测试2004，2007英语(一外)2007德语水平考试（含语法、词汇、阅读、翻译及写作）2007综合知识考试(含德国国情, 语言学与德语文学基础知识)2007 法学综合2007马克思主义发展史2007政治学原理2007，2010（2010为回忆版）中国近现代史2007中国特色社会主义理论与实践2007经济法2007教育学专业基础综合（全国统考试卷）2007——2008现代西方经济学2007艺术史2007艺术专业综合理论2007行政管理学2007，2010（2010为回忆版）软件学院计算机组成与系统结构2001——2003计算方法2003——2004计算机专业基础2004，2007计算机综合技术（含操作系统、计算机组成原理）2004，2007 编译原理2000——2002操作系统1999——2002数据结构1998——1999，2002软件综合技术（含数据结构、C++程序设计）2004，2007离散数学2000——2002生命科学院生物综合2007分子生物学2007生物医学工程综合2007有机化学2004，2007物理化学（凝聚态物理、材料物理与化学、材料学、材料加工工程、应用化学专业）2007物理化学（物理化学、药剂学专业）2007。
2010年考研英语真题与答案解析从2010年开始，全国硕士研究生入学考试的英语试卷分为了英语（一）和英语（二）。
英语（一）即原统考“英语”。
英语（二）主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。
英语一考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构（一）考试形式考试形式为笔试。
考试时间为180分钟。
满分为100分。
试卷包括试题册和答题卡。
答题卡分为答题卡1和答题卡2。
考生应将1~45题的答案按要求填涂在答题卡1上，将46~52题的答案写在答题卡2上。
（二）考试内容试题分三部分，共52题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。
第一部分英语知识运用该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素（包括词汇、表达方式和结构）的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征（如连贯性和一致性等）的辨识能力等。
共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。
在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
第二部分阅读理解该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。
共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。
A节（20小题）：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。
要求考生根据所提供的4篇（总长度约为1600词）文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
B节（5小题）：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。
本部分有3种备选题型。
每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
备选题型有：1）本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。
要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。
2）在一篇长度约500~600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱，要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落（7~8个）重新排序，其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已给出。
2010考研英语真题2010考研英语真题分析与解答综合阅读部分In 2010, the reading comprehension section of the Graduate Entrance Exam for English majors focused on three diverse topics: “Misunderstanding the Maya,” “Ocean Acidity” and “Improving the Economic Analysis of Global Climate Change.”1. Misunderstanding the MayaThe passage titled “Misunderstanding the Maya” examines how misconceptions about the ancient Maya civilization have persisted throughout history. The author argues that these misconceptions arise from poor interpretation of historical records and a Eurocentric perspective. By analyzing recent research findings and comparing them to earlier assumptions, the passage reveals that the Maya civilization was not mysterious or primitive as previously believed. Instead, they were highly sophisticated, with advanced knowledge in mathematics, astronomy, and architecture. The passage also emphasizes the need for a more accurate understanding of the Maya civilization.2. Ocean AcidityThe second passage, “Ocean Acidity,” dis cusses the increasing concern over the growing acidity of the Earth's oceans. The author presents scientific evidence showing that carbon dioxide emissions from human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, lead to the absorption of CO2 by the oceans. Thisprocess results in the formation of carbonic acid, leading to ocean acidification. The passage raises concerns about the potential threat this poses to marine life, emphasizing the need for immediate action to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate the effects of ocean acidification.3. Improving Economic Analysis of Global Climate ChangeThe third passage, titled "Improving Economic Analysis of Global Climate Change," explores the challenges faced in accurately assessing the economic impact of climate change. The author argues that traditional economic models underestimate the costs associated with climate change, mainly due to inadequate consideration of non-market impacts such as environmental damages and human health risks. The passage urges economists and policymakers to adopt more comprehensive models that incorporate these non-market aspects to better inform decision-making processes related to climate change mitigation and adaptation.单项选择部分The multiple-choice section of the 2010 exam covered a wide range of topics, testing students' comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar skills. Questions included:1. According to recent research findings, the ancient Maya civilization was:a) mysterious and primitiveb) highly sophisticated and advanced2. Ocean acidification is caused by:a) excessive absorption of CO2 by marine organismsb) carbonic acid emissions from human activities3. The economic impact of climate change is often underestimated due to the failure to consider:a) market impactsb) non-market impacts such as environmental damages and human health risks解析与答案1. 正确答案：b) highly sophisticated and advanced详解：根据文章“Misunderstanding the Maya”中的最新研究发现，古玛雅文明并非以前所认为的神秘和原始，而是高度复杂且先进的。
考试时间：120分钟满分：100分一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The weather is __________ today, isn't it?A. beautifulB. wonderfulC. niceD. pleasant2. If you __________ here, you would have seen the beautiful scenery.A. had comeB. comeC. would comeD. came3. She has been working on her project for __________ hours.A. twoB. two ofC. two hoursD. two hour4. __________ do you think will win the game?A. WhoB. WhomC. Who'sD. Whose5. The professor said that the exam would be __________ next week.B. to holdC. holdingD. hold6. I __________ you if I had known you were coming.A. would have calledB. calledC. will callD. am calling7. __________, I have finished my homework.A. BecauseB. AlthoughC. SinceD. As8. She __________ to the party last night, but she felt too tired.A. was goingB. wentC. had goneD. would go9. The book is __________ interesting that I couldn't put it down.A. soB. suchC. too10. __________ you, I would have finished the task earlier.A. If I wereB. Had I beenC. If I amD. Were I二、完形填空（每题2分，共20分）Mr. Green was a teacher at West University. He was a very strict man and always expected his students to be punctual. One day, Mr. Green decided to test his students' discipline. He announced that the next day's class would begin at 8:00 a.m.The next morning, the students were all gathered in the classroom, waiting for the bell to ring. At 8:05, Mr. Green walked in and saw that only one student was present. He was shocked and asked, "Where are the other students?"The student replied, "Sir, I was the only one who was punctual today."Mr. Green was __________ by the student's honesty. He decided to give him a __________ for his __________.11. A. surprised12. A. prize13. A. honesty三、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）Passage 1Technology has revolutionized the way we live and work. One of the most significant changes is the way we communicate. With the advent of the internet and smartphones, we can now connect with people from all over the world in seconds. However, this rapid advancement in technology hasalso brought about some challenges. For instance, many people now spend more time on their devices than they do face-to-face interactions, which can lead to social isolation and mental health issues.14. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The benefits of technology.B. The challenges of technology.C. The impact of technology on communication.D. The future of technology.15. According to the passage, what is one of the challenges of technology?A. Improved communication.B. Increased productivity.C. Social isolation.D. Better health.Passage 2The importance of exercise cannot be overstated. Regular physicalactivity has numerous benefits for both our physical and mental health. It can help reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and obesity. Additionally, exercise can improve our mood, reduce stress, and enhance our cognitive function. However, despite the numerous benefits, many people still fail to incorporate exercise into their daily routine.16. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To encourage people to exercise.B. To explain the benefits of exercise.C. To discuss the reasons why people don't exercise.D. To compare the effects of exercise and diet.17. According to the passage, what are some of the benefits of exercise?A. Improved mood and cognitive function.B. Reduced risk of chronic diseases.C. Increased productivity.D. All of the above.四、翻译（每题2分，共20分）1. 我们应该珍惜时间，因为时间是生命中最宝贵的财富。
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题附答案详解(试题一)20__a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged” Hawthor ne effect “ is hard topin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B]up [C] with [D] off3. [A]truth [B]sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C]mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A]requirements [B]explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B]shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] pealliar to13. [A] evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source14. [A] disputable [B]enlightening [C]reliable [D]misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B]accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued20. [A]breaking [B]climbing [C]surpassing [D]hitingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosi ng [A], [B], [C]or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers duri ng the pastquarter-century, perhaps the m ost far-reaching has been the ine xorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the a ge of forty toimagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found i n most big-city newspapers. Yeta considerable number of the most significa nt c ollections of criticism published in the 20thcentury consisted in large part of new spaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact thattheir learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther rem oved from the unfocused newspaper review spublis hed in Englandbetween the turn of t he 20th century and the eve of World War Ⅱ, at a time when newsprintwas dirt-c heap and stylish arts crit icism was consi dered an ornament to the publicat ions inwhich it appe ared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted tha t the cri tics of majorpapers woul dwri te in detail and at length about the even ts they covered. Theirs was a seriousbusiness, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bern ard Shawand Ernest Newman, co uld be trus ted to know what they were a bout. These men believed injournal ism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press.“So few authors havebrains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism, ”Newman wrote,“that I am tempted to define…journalism' as …a term of cont empt appl ied by writers who are notread to writers who are'. ”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the ManchesterGuardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer ofessays ont he game of cricket. During his l i fetime, though, he was also one of England'sforemost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that hisAutobiography（1947）became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic tobe so ho nored. Yet on ly one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writi ngs onmusic is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revi val? The prospect seems remote.Jour nalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and po stmodern reader shave little usefor the ric hly upholstered Vicwardian pros e in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before world warⅡwere characterized by[A] free themes.[B] casual style.[C] elaborate layout.[D] radical viewpoints.23. which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on ？[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C]His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D]His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days.[B] The lost Horizon in Newspapers.[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism.[D] Prominent Critics in Memory.Text 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called businessmethods. received one for its “one-click” online p ayment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation str ategy. One inventor patented a technique for liftinga box.Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-methodpatents, which have been controversial ever since they we re first authorized 10 years ago. Ina move that has intellectual-property la wyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federalcircuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-methodpatents. In r e Bilski , as the case is known , is “a very big deal”, says Dennis'D. Crouch of theUniversity of Missouri School of law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class ofpatents.”Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because i t was the federalcircuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decisi on in the so-called state StreetBank case, approving a patent on a way of po oling mutual-fund assets. That ruling producedan explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companiestrying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move es tablished companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defe nsive moveagainst rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM n oted in a court filing that ithad been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questionedthe legal basis for granting them. S imilarly, some Wall Street investment films armedthemselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the pr actice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market.The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the c ase would be heard by all 12 ofthe court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should”recon sider” its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Count that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for examplethe justices signaled that too many patents w ere being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reacting to the anti_ patent trend at the supreme court” ,says H arole C.wegner, a partend attorney and professor at aeorgeWashington Univ ersity Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word “about-face” (Line 1, Paro 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Aladuell argues that social epidemics are driven in largepart by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who areunusually informed, persuasive, or well-co nnected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but itdoesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding b ut largely untested theory called the “two step flow of communication”: Inf ormation flows from themedia to the influentials and from them to everyone e lse. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if th ey can just find and influence the influentials, thoseselected people will do mo st of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the suddenand une xpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many su ch cases,a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people w as wearing, promoting, ordeveloping whatever it is before anyone else paid at tention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fitsnicely with the idea that only cert ain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the findi ng that influentialshave far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don't seemto be required of all.The researchers' argument stems from a simple observing about social influe nce, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence-even t he most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, accordin g to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemicsby influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however,each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquai ntances, who must in turninfluence theirs, and so on; and just how many oth ers pay attention to each of these peoplehas little to do with the initial influe ntial. If people in the network just two degrees removedfrom the initial infl uential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resis tant, for example the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers stud ied the dynamicsof populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating anumber of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to beinfluenced. Our work shows that th e principal requirement for what we call “global cascades”-the widespread propagation of influence through networks - is the presence not of a fewinfl uentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of w hom adopts, say,a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.31.By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A]analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B]discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas[C]exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics[D]describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32.The author suggests that the “two-step-flow theory”[A]serves as a solution to marketing problems[B]has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C]has won support from influentials[D]requires solid evidence for its validity33.what the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34.The underlined phrase“these people” in paragraph 4 refers to the ones w ho[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35.what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A]The eagerness to be accepted[B]The impulse to influence others[C]The readiness to be influenced[D]The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind th e scenes, theyhave been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standar d-setters. Their rules, moan thebanks, have forced them to report enormou s losses, and it's just not fair. These rules saythey must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers andregulators woul d like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, butthe independence of standard-setters, essential to the pro per functioning of capital markets,is being compromised. And, unless banks c arry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers,reviving the banking system wil l be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America's Financial Accounting Sta ndards Board(FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more fre edom to use models to valueilliquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB's chairman, cried out against those who “question ourmotives.” Yet bank share s rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls“the use of judgment by management.”European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Sta ndards Board(IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act withou t overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruc tion of rules later this year is strong. CharlieMcCreevy, a European commissio ner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum”but “in the re al word” and that Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overv alued assets.Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, becausethey largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely exten t of bad debts. The truth will not be knownfor years. But bank's shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead ma rkets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets forfear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. A merica's new planto buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark ass ets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require indepe ndent and even combative standard-setters.The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions,for example, ag ainst hostility form special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are i nviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B]collect payments from third parties[C]cooperate with the price managers[D]reevaluate some of their assets.37.According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A]the diminishing role of management[B]the revival of the banking system[C]the banks' long-term asset losses[D]the weakening of its independence38.According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB's attempt to[A]keep away from political influences.[B]evade the pressure from their peers.[C]act on their own in rule-setting.[D]take gradual measures in reform.39.The author thinks the banks were “on the wrong planet”in that they[A]misinterpreted market price indicators[B]exaggerated the real value of their assets[C]neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D]denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40.The author's attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A]satisfaction.[B]skepticism.[C]objectiveness[D]sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them intothe numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E h as been correctly placed. There isone paragraph which dose not fit in with th e text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10points)[A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for e ating out; theconsumption of food and drink in places other than homes has ri sen from about 32 percent oftotal consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by2005. This development is boosti ng wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent.Me anwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They t end to keep atighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realis tic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standsti ll, leavingEuropean grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most le ading retailers have alreadytried e-commerce, with limited success, and ex pansion abroad. But almost all have ignoredthe big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade,which appears to b e just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the f ood and drinkmarket? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based o n flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to t he buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what tobuy .At any rate, this chang e will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domesti c and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could pro fitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the manag ement of product ranges, logistics,and marketing intelligence. Retailers tha t master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe maywell expect to rake in su bstantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole.Closer ins pection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, e speciallyin their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics ofindividual food and drink categories. Big retailers mu st understand these differences beforethey can identify the segments of Eu ropean wholesaling in which their particular abilities mightunseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models arenee ded too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closelyexamined-France, Germany, Italy, and Spain-are made out of the same building blocks. Demandcomes mainly from two sources: independen t mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to cons umers when they don't eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these b usinesses areknown in the trade as “horeca”: hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe's wholesalemarket for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but thefigures, when added together, m ask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in Franc e, Germany, Italy,Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000-more than 40 perc ent of retail sales. Moreover,average overall margins are higher in wholesal e than in retail; wholesale demand from the foodservice sector is growing qui ckly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for whole salersto consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and e ven some largegood producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their ha nd, for those that master theintricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to rea p considerable gains.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefullyand then translate the underlined segments i nto Chinese. Yourtranslation should bewritten clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10 points)One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on econom ic motives is thatmost members of the land community have no economic valu e. Yet these creatures aremembers of the biotic community and, if its stabil ity depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen t o love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of the century songbirds weresupposed to be disappearing.(46)Scientists ju m ped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that ins ects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. The evidence had to be e conomic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these roundabout accounts today. We have no land ethic yet,(47) but wehave at least drawn nearer the point of adm itting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absen ce of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating bi rds.(48) Timewas when biologists som ewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve thehealth of game by killing the physically weak, or tha t they prey only on “worthless”species.Here again, the evidence had to b e economic in order to be valid. It is only in recent years thatwe hear the mor e honest argumentthat predators are members of the community, and that nospecial interest has the right to exte rminate the m f or the sake of a benef it, real or fancied, toitself.Some species of tree have been“read out of the party” by economics-minded foresters becausethey grow too slowly, or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops.(49) In Europe,where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the noncommercial tree species are recognizedas members of native forest c ommunity, to be preserved as such, within reason. Moreover,some have be en found to have a valuable function in building up soil fertility. The interd ependence of the forest and its constit uent tree species, ground flora, and fauna istaken for granted.To sum up: a systemof conservation based solely on economic self-interest i s hopelesslylopsided.(50) It tends to ignore , and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements i n theland community that lack commercial value,but that are essential to its healthy functioning. Itassumes, falsely, that the economic parts of the bioti c clock will function without theuneconomic parts.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the Postgraduates' Associ ation a notice to recr uit volunteers foran international c onference on globalization. The notice sho uld include the basic qualificationsofapplicants and other information which yo u think is relevant.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own nam e at the end of the notice. Use "postgraduates' Ass ociation" instead. （10 points）Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your ess ay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （20 points）Section I: Use of English (10 points)1. A2. B3. C4. B5. C6. B7. D8. A9. C10. D11. C12. A13. A14. D15. B16. A17. D18. C19. B20. DSection II: Reading Comprehension (60 points) Part A (40 points)21. B22. A23. D24. A25. B26. C27. D28. C29. B30. A31. B32. D33. A34. C35. C36. A37. D38. C39. B40. DPart B (10 points)41. B42. F43. D44. G45. APart C (10 points)46 . 科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据来补救，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制昆虫数量的话，昆虫就会把我们吃光。
西北工业大学强军计划考研英语真题、笔记、参考书、大纲、录取分数线、报录比西北工业大学强军计划考研英语真题Text2Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure?That the evidence was inconclusive,the science uncertain?That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way?Lots of Americans bought that nonsense,and over three decades, some10million smokers went to early graves.There are upsetting parallels today,as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences,enlisted by the White House,to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made.The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourselves.The president of the National Academy,Bruce Alberts,added this key point in the preface to the panel’s report:“Science never has all the answers.But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future,and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”Just as on smoking,voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete,that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure.This is a dangerous game:by the time100percent of the evidence is in,it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing,a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.Fortunately,the White House is starting to pay attention.But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously.Instead of a plan of action,they continue to press for more research--a classic case of“paralysis by analysis.”To serve as responsible stewards of the planet,we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research.But research alone is inadequate.If the Administration won’t take the legislative initiative,Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation measures.A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia,which would offer financial incentives for private industry,is a promising start.Many see that the country is getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs.If we are ever going to protect the atmosphere,it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound.26.An argument made by supporters of smoking was that________.[A]there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death[B]the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant[C]people had the freedom to choose their own way of life[D]antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27.According to Bruce Alberts,science can serve as________.[A]a protector[B]a judge[C]a critic[D]a guide28.What does the author mean by“paralysis by analysis”(Last line,Paragraph4)?[A]Endless studies kill action.[B]Careful investigation reveals truth.[C]Prudent planning hinders progress.[D]Extensive research helps decision-making.29.According to the author,what should the Administration do about global warming?[A]Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.[B]Raise public awareness of conservation.[C]Press for further scientific research.[D]Take some legislative measures.30.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because________.[A]they both suffered from the government’s negligence[B]a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former[C]the outcome of the latter aggravates the former[D]both of them have turned from bad to worseText3Of all the components of a good night’s sleep,dreams seem to be least within our control.In dreams,a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.A century ago,Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears;by the late1970s,neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just“mental noise”--the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat,regulating moods while the brain is“off-line.”And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control,to help us sleep and feel better,“It’s your dream,”says Rosalind Cartwright,chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center.“If you don’t like it,change it.”Evidence from brain imaging supports this view.The brain is as active during REM(rapid eye movement)sleep--when most vivid dreams occur--as it is when fully awake,says Dr,Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh.But not all parts of the brain are equally involved;the limbic system(the“emotional brain”)is especially active,while the prefrontal cortex(the center of intellect and reasoning)is relatively quiet.“We wake up from dreams happy or depressed,and those feelings can stay with us all day.”says Stanford sleep researcher Dr.William Dement.The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night,progressing toward happier ones before awakening,suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events--until,it appears,we begin to dream.And this process need not be left to the unconscious.Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams.As soon as you awaken,identify what is upsetting about the dream.Visualize how you would like it to end instead;the next time it occurs,try to wake up just enough to control its course.With much practice people can learn to,literally,do it in their sleep.At the end of the day,there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or“we wake up in a panic,”Cartwright says.Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety.Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist.For the rest of us,the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings.Sleep--or rather dream--on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.31.Researchers have come to believe that dreams________.[A]can be modified in their courses[B]are susceptible to emotional changes[C]reflect our innermost desires and fears[D]are a random outcome of neural repairs32.By referring to the limbic system,the author intends to show________.[A]its function in our dreams[B]the mechanism of REM sleep[C]the relation of dreams to emotions[D]its difference from the prefrontal cortex33.The negative feelings generated during the day tend to________.[A]aggravate in our unconscious mind[B]develop into happy dreams[C]persist till the time we fall asleep[D]show up in dreams early at night34.Cartwright seems to suggest that________.[A]waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams[B]visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control[C]dreams should be left to their natural progression[D]dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35.What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?[A]Lead your life as usual.[B]Seek professional help.[C]Exercise conscious control.[D]Avoid anxiety in the daytime.Text4Americans no longer expect public figures,whether in speech or in writing,to command the English language with skill and gift.Nor do they aspire to such command themselves.In his latest book,Doing Our Own Thing:The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like,Care,John McWhorter,a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views,sees the triumph of1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.Blaming the permissive1960s is nothing new,but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education.Mr.McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change,and he sees the gradual disappearance of“whom,”for example,to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.But the cult of the authentic and the personal,“doing our own thing,”has spelt the death of formal speech,writing,poetry and music.While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the1960s,even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.Equally,in poetry,the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness.In both oral and written English,talking is triumphing over speaking,spontaneity over craft.Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture,the trend that Mr.McWhorter documents is unmistakable.But it is less clear,to take the question of his subtitle,why we should,like,care.As a linguist,he acknowledges that all varieties of human language,including non-standard ones like Black English,can be powerfully expressive--there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.He is not arguing,as many do,that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads,while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seemold-fashioned to most English-speakers.Mr.McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary,and proposes no radical education reforms--he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful.We now take our English“on paper plates instead of china.”A shame,perhaps,but probably an inevitable one.36.According to McWhorter,the decline of formal English________.[A]is inevitable in radical education reforms[B]is but all too natural in language development[C]has caused the controversy over the counter-culture[D]brought about changes in public attitudes in the1960s37.The word“talking”(Line6,Paragraph3)denotes________.[A]modesty[B]personality[C]liveliness[D]informality38.To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?[A]Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.[B]Black English can be more expressive than standard English.[C]Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.[D]Of all the varieties,standard English can best convey complex ideas.39.The description of Russians’love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s________.[A]interest in their language[B]appreciation of their efforts[C]admiration for their memory[D]contempt for their old-fashionedness40.According to the last paragraph,“paper plates”is to“china”as________.[A]“temporary”is to“permanent”[B]“radical”is to“conservative”[C]“functional”is to“artistic”[D]“humble”is to“noble”。
2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试西工大附中第七次适应性训练英语审核人：张浩校对：陈亮第一部分英语知识运用（共四节，满分55分）第一节语音知识（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）1. admire A. [Eδ∍μεE] B. [Eδ∍μαιE] C. [Θδ∍μεE] D. [Θδ∍μαιE]2. apologize A.[E∍πOλEδZαιζ] B.[E∍πO:λEδZαιζ]C.[E∍πOλEZαιζ]D.[E∍πO:λEZαιζ]3. strength A. [∍sdre N∆] B. [∍sdre NT] C. [∍stre N∆] D.[∍stre NT]4. wander A. [∍ωςνδE] B. [∍ωςνδE:] C. [∍ωOνδE] D. [∍ωOνδE:]5. considerate A.[∍κEνσιδEριτ][来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K] B.[κEνσι∍δEριτ]C.[∍κEνσιδEρEτ]D.[κEν∍σιδEρEτ]第二节情景对话（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）---It is said that a railway will be set up through our city, isn’t it?---Yes, it’s true. 6---Great! 7---But it also means more poisonous pollution and heavier traffic, I think.---Really? You seem as if you’re strongly against setting up the railway here.---No, I don’t. 8--- 9---Yes, that’s right. Most of our teachers and students contribute money to the government for it.---10 I think, a man who loves his motherland must love his hometown first. Our hometown will be prosperous.---I agree with you.A.Wonderful! Excellent!B.So do I.C.I don’t agree.D.It will bring about great development in agriculture and industry here.E.But it will do greater good to the city than it will do harm, don’t you think so?F.Our mayor announced the news on TV.G.I only mean that loud noises and dirty rubbish will do harm to people.第三节语法和词汇知识（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分）11. — Would you mind if I asked you where you’re from?—____.A. Of course. I’m from London.B. Sure. I was born in London.C. Not really. You can do it.D. Not in the least. I’m from London.12. Mrs. Hanson, a housewife bent on getting ____higher education, has been goingto college, a few courses at ____ time, for 7 years.A. a; aB. 不填; theC. the；aD. 不填；不填13. We do not know how astronauts can ____ when they spend months in spacewithout the protection of the atmosphere.A. get offB. get upC. get alongD. get in14. After the adjustment of financial policies, many netizens put up posts, 90 percent____carried the message of approval.A. of whichB. of whomC. of themD. of what15. Some experts are warning that the step the US government has taken to deal withthe current crisis is ____of much risk.A. onesB. oneC. thatD. those16. —Why did you drop the chance of earning big money?—____. You know, I don’t want to get rich by taking risks.A. All is well that ends wellB. One man’s meat is another’s poisonC. Better safe than sorryD. No sweet without sweat17. Studying alone, you are free to choose what to learn and when, ____ you don’tneed ot hers’ agreement.A. whileB. ifC. thoughD. as18. The patient will have to remain in hospital for another week ____the recentmedical report.A. on behalf ofB. on the basis ofC. on the side ofD. on top of19. ____ from Milan Trenc’s novel, the film Night at the Museum brings to life aworld where dinosaurs wander the earth.A. AdaptedB. AdaptingC. Having adaptedD. To be adapted20. Nowadays teachers tend to be more dependent on ____ is thought to be a greatteaching aid—the computer.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as21. —Why do you look so worried?—My computer broke down and my essay ____ unfinished since.A. was leftB. has leftC. leftD. has been left22. We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because in no case ____from practice.A. should theory separateB. should theory be separatedC. theory should separateD. theory should be separated23. —What’s up? You look down.[来源:学.科.网Z.X.X.K]—I have piles of papers ____, but I type so slowly.A. to be typedB. typedC. to typeD. being typed24. —Another cup of coffee? That’s your third since lunch.—Yeah, well, I ____ all night preparing for my history exam. I can hardly keep my eyes open.A. stayed upB. have stayed upC. have been staying upD. will stay up25. —What has made him upset recently?—____alone to face a troublesome milk case.A. LeftB. Being leftC. Having leftD. To leave第四节完形填空（共20 小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）A group of dinner guests were sitting around the table discussing life. One man, a CEO, decided to explain the problems with 26 . He argued, "What's a kid going to learn from a teacher? You know what people say about teachers: those who can, do---those who can't, 27 ."To stress his point he turned to another guest, "You're a teacher, Bonnie. What do you 28 ?"Bonnie, who had a reputation for 29 and frankness, replied, "You want to know what I make?” She30 for a second and then began."Well, I make kids work harder than they ever thought they could. I make kids sit through 40 minutes of 31 time while their parents can't make them 32 for 5 minutes without an iPod. You want to know what I make?"She paused again and looked at each and every person sitting at the table 33 ."I make kids wonder and question. I make them 34 for what they do 35 . I make them have 36 for the old and take responsibility for their actions. I teach them to write. I make them read. I make them learn everything they 37 to know in English while they’re preserving their own unique 38 identity. I make m y classroom a place where all of my students feel 39 without fearing any danger.Finally I make them understand that if they use the 40 they were given, work hard, and follow their hearts, they can 41 in life."Bonnie paused one last time and then continued. "Then when people try to 42 me by what I make, I can hold my head up high and pay no attention because they are 43 . You want to know what I make? I make a 44 !What do you make? "There is much truth in this 45 : teachers make other professions possible.26.A. business B. education C. literature D. foodC. watchD. teach27.A. listen B. wait[来源:Z,xx,]28.A. make B. get C. win D. possess29.A. beauty B. honesty C. humor D. generosity30.A. ate B. thought C. paused D. frowned31.A. practice B. rest C. class D. work32.A. sit B. play C. learn D. sleep33.A. nervously B. calmly C. coldly D. curiously34.A. prepare B. apply C. apologize D. seekD. meaningfully35.A. importantly B. wrongly C. valuably[来源:Z,xx,]36.A. fear B. concern C. sympathy D. respect37.A. need B. have C. desire D. mean38.A. national B. cultural C. mental D. social39.A. comfortable B. happy C. safe D. fair40.A. tools B. supplies C. chances D. gifts41.A. succeed B. struggle C. survive D. live42.A. pay B. judge C. admire[来源:ZD. accuse§xx§]43.A. rude B. foolish C. critical D. mean44.A. decision B. promise C. difference D. mistake45.A. account B. declaration C. explanation D. statement第二部分阅读理解（共二节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）ASomeday a stranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the websites you've visited. Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phone bills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.In fact, it's likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girlfriend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen—the 2lst century is the equal of being caught naked.Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, and that it's important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread pieces you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret. The key question is: Does that matter?When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is "slipping away, and that bothers me."But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny part of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths (收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist Alessandro Acquits has run a series of tests that reveal that people will give personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cent-off coupon.But privacy does matter--- at least sometimes. It's like health; when you have it, you don't notice it. Only when it's gone do you wish you'd done more to protect it.46. What would psychologists advise on the relationship between friends?A. Friends should open their hearts to each other.B. Friends should always be faithful to each other.C. There should be a distance even between friends.D. There should be fewer disputes between friends.47. Why does the author say "we live in a world where you simply cannot keep asecret" (Line 5 Para.3)?A. Modern society has finally developed into an open society.B. People leave traces around when using modern technology.C. There are always people who are curious about others' affairs.D. Many search engines profit by revealing people's identities.48. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection?A. They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.B. They use various loyalty cards for business transactions.C. They rely more and more on electronic devices.D. They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.49. According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ____.A. people will make every effort to keep itB. its importance is rarely understoodC. it is something that can easily be lostD. people don't value it until they lose itBYou could fill a store with all the ener gy drinks available. They promise to make people feel more energetic and think more clearly. These products have names like Red Bull, Monster, Ripped Force, Speed Stack and 5-Hour Energy. They appeal mainly to young people.Professor Chad Reissig, at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, is a medical researcher who studies drug dependence. He says the team he works on got interested in studying energy drinks.He says the researchers have found three things. One: there are hundreds of brands of energy drinks in most major countries. Two: the drinks are not clearly labeled with enough information. And three: the amount of caffeine differs greatly. Some contain as little as fifty milligrams, while others as much as five hundred.Some people combine energy drinks with alcohol. They think they can drink more alcohol that way and not be affected. Studies, however, suggest that they are still under the influence of the alcohol even if they do not feel that way.Some makers of energy drinks do provide warnings. For example, a popular energy drink warns against use by people who are under the age of twelve. The directions also advise people to limit caffeine products and to drink only half the bottle.The team at Johns Hopkins University published a report in the journal Drug and Alcohol Dependence. They suggested that the amount of caffeine and other ingredients be clearly listed on the drink. The researchers are continuing to study energy drinks. They are seeking young people who have had a bad experience after drinking them.50. According to the passage, the energy drinks mainly attract____.A. young peopleB. alcohol drinkersC. university professorsD. twelve-year-old children51. The team thinks that the biggest problem of the energy drinks is that .A. there are too many brandsB. they are not clearly labeledC. there is too much caffeineD. they are not available in some stores52. The purpose of the passage is to tell readers .A. to identify caffeine in energy drinksB. to take a closer look at energy drinksC. whether energy drinks are good or badD. whether energy drinks make people addictedCTraffic jam and cities, it seems, go hand in hand. Everyone complains about being stuck in traffic; but, like the weather, no one seems to do anything about it. In particular, traffic engineers, transportation planners, and public officials responsible for transportation systems in large cities are frequently criticized for failing to solve traffic jam.But is traffic jam a sign of failure? Long queues at restaurants or theater box offices are seen as signs of success. Should transportation systems be viewed any differently? I think we should recognize that traffic jam is an unpreventable by-product of successful cities, and view the “traffic problem” in a differe nt light.Cities exist because they promote social interactions and economic transactions.Traffic jam occurs where there are lots of people but limited spaces. Culturally and economically successful cities have the worst traffic problems, while decaying c ities don’t have much traffic. New York and Los Angeles are America’s most crowded cities. But if you want access to major brokerage houses (经纪行), you will find them easier to reach in crowded New York than in any other large cities. And if your firm needs access to post-production film editors or satellite-guidance engineers, you will reach them more quickly through the crowded freeways of LA than through less crowded roads elsewhere.Despite traffic jam, a larger number and wider variety of social interactions and economic transactions can be made perfect in large, crowded cities than elsewhere. Seen in this light, traffic jam is an unfortunate consequence of prosperity, not a cause of economic decline and urban decay.So while we can consider traffic jam as increasing costs on the areas of big cities, the costs of inaccessibility (交通不便) in uncrowded places are almost certainly greater.There is no doubt that traffic jam brings the terrible economic and environmental damage in places like Bangkok, Jakarta, and Lagos. But mobility is far higher and traffic jam levels are far lower here in the US, even in our most crowded cities. That’s why, for now, we don’t see people and capital streaming out of San Francisco and Chicago, heading for cities like California, and Illinois.53. We can conclude from the first paragraph that____.A. traffic jam and weather are the two factors preventing the development of thebig cityB. traffic jam seems to be very difficult to deal withC. if traffic engineers try their best, traffic jam can be solvedD. public officials are always criticized for misusing their power54. According to the passage, what’s the author’s opinion towards traffic jam?A. In cities, traffic jam is unavoidable.B. Traffic jam is both a sign of failure and a sign of success.C. Traffic jam is the consequence of successful cities.D. For a successful city, traffic jam is not unpreventable.55. By saying “decaying” (in Para. 4), the writer probably means____.A. decliningB. developingC. rich and successfulD. strong and healthy56. According to this article, which statement about “New York” and “Los Angeles”is true?A. The traffic jam in the two cities has been worsened.B. New York and Los Angeles are the least successful cities in the USA.C. It is easier to reach major brokerage houses in the two cities than in other cities.D. Despite the traffic jam in LA, you’ll find a satellite-guidance engineer morequickly there.DClothes play a critical part in the conclusions we reac h about who people are, who they are not, and who they would like to be. They tell us a good deal about the wearer′s background, personality, status, mood, and social outlook.Since clothes are such an important source of social information, we can use them to influence people′s impression of us. Our appearance takes on particular significance in the initial phases of interaction.An elderly middle-class man or woman may be alienated (疏远) by a young adult who is dressed in an unconventional manner, regardless of the person′s education, background, or interests.People tend to agree on what certain types of clothes mean. Adolescent girls can easily agree on the lifestyles of girls who wear certain outfits (套装), including the number of boyfriends they likely have had and whether they smoke or drink. Newscasters and announcers on TV are considered to be more convincing, honest, and competent when they are dressed conservatively. College students who view themselves as taking an active role in their interpersonal relationships say the costumes they wear change the way they feel about themselves and how they act. Perhaps you have used clothing to gain confidence when you face a stressful situation, such as a job interview, or a court appearance.In the workplace, men have long had well-defined role models for achieving success. It has been otherwise for women. A good many women in the business world are uncertain about the appropriate mixture of “masculine”（男性）and “feminine”（女性）characteristics they should convey to men.Male administrators tend to judge women more favorably for managerial positions when the women display less “feminine” grooming (打扮)— shorter hair, moderate use of make-up, and plain tailored clothing. As one male administrator confessed, “An attractive woman is definitely going to get a longer interview, but she won′t get a job.”57. According to paragraph two, an elderly middle-class man andunconventionally-dressed young man are unlikely to____.A. understand each other's lifestyleB. share the same background or interestsC. influence their impressions of each otherD. interact in a positive way58. The author uses the newscasters' example to show the idea that____.A. certain clothing gives people more confidenceB. clothes have nothing to do with one's abilitiesC. we tend to label people by their clothesD. competent people always dress conventionally59. Men's professional clothing can best be described as "_____".A. conventionalB. individualisticC. out-of-dateD. changeless60. How should professional women dress according to the passage?A. They must be dressed conservatively.B. They don't have a certain dressing style to follow.C. They choose either masculine or feminine clothing.D. They can't wear unconventional outfits.第二节（共5小题，每题2分，满分10分）61.____[来源:学科网ZXXK]You should always seek grant（奖学金）opportunities that match your program's goals and objectives rather than the other way around. If you change your program based on an investor's guidelines, you may end up with a project or program that is a mere shell（框架）of the original plan. The goal of grant writing is not simply to bring more money in for your agency; the goal is to fund programs that will meet the needs of your investor.62.____Most funding agencies publish grant guidelines or requirements. Make sure you understand them and follow them exactly. Note the deadline and whether the proposal must be received by the deadline. Don't have your proposal thrown out because you didn't follow the guidelines properly. Exceptions are ra rely made, regardless of the circumstances. Some investors have special requirements; follow them!63.____Your "needs statement" drives your entire grant proposal. The proposed programshould revolve around the problems faced by your clients. The purpose of the grant is to meet the specific needs you have identified. If you have not adequately described the reason you need the program, including the research data when possible, the investor will see no reason to invest in your project.64.____Every proposal will require a section that describes the broad goals and measurable objectives of your project. You should detail the activities of your project. Your budget and budget narrative must closely match the described activities. Your evaluation should carefully measure whether the stated project objectives are being met on a timely basis. Foundation and corporate investors generally expect this section to be no longer than 5 to 10 pages. Federal grants may allow up to 50 pages or more for a thorough discussion of your project. Again, follow the guidelines of the investor.65.____If you are fortunate enough to have your proposal funded, send a thank-you note for the grant. Next, keep the funding agency informed about your activities, progress and accomplishments. Invite them to come to see your program in operation. Send reports that tell how you've used the funds. In short, make your investor your partner.第三部分写作（共三节，满分55分）第一节单词拼写（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）66. Who gave you___(允许)to leave the office so early? 66._______67. The J apanese are used to___(鞠躬)to each other when they meet.67._______68. Not long ago a___(猛烈的)earthquake occurred off the coast ofIndonesia.68._______69. There is a lot of rubbish___(漂浮)on the surface of the river.69._______70. He tried to flee across the___(边境)but was caught.70._______71. They started a___(运动)to stop people smoking.71._______72. Now people in the south grow a lot of rice that has a high__(产量).72._______73. As you ___(接近)the town, the first building you see is thechurch.73._______74. To my___(开心), the boy acted an old woman to sing a popularsong.[来源:学科网ZXXK] 74._______75. You’d better___(咨询) a doctor about your illness.75._______ 第二节短文改错（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）For different reasons, people are pouring into big cities, which cause much more trouble than expected. As the growth of the population, city problems are grown day by day. To begin with, big cities are becoming so crowed that it makes find jobs very difficult. As a result, people without jobs are likely to become danger to our society.In additional, the environment is getting worse and worse, and there is pollution and traffic problems as well as. We can’t choose but face with them. In my opinion, big cities need to control the population to help develop itself for the future. In terms of improving the environment, every citizen should be called on to contribute to protect the environment.第三节书面表达（满分30分）话题：全球气候变暖是目前人类面临的最大环境问题，温室气体大量排放，海平面急剧上升，自然灾害频繁。
1.What company are you working for?你在什么公司上班？I am working in Shenzhen DAS Information Technology Company which provided the assess control solutions.我是在深圳达实信息技术有限公司工作，它负责提供IC卡及出入口解决方案2.What kinds of people do you find it difficult to work with?你与什么样的人合作起来比较困难?No shared ambition and goals.没有共同志向和目标的人3.What do you think is the most important thing as a manager?你觉得作为一名经理/管理人员，什么事情是最困难的？如何提高员工的收入How to improve employees' income4.What’s your long term goal?你的长期目标是什么？Be an excellent and professional manager成为一名优秀的职业经理人5.Do you know your neighbor?你了解你的邻居吗？Yes,we always communicate with each other.了解，我们经常在一起交流6.Are you satisfied with your present life? Why?你满意你现在的生活吗？为什么？Yes, because I have a happy life very much.非常满意，因为我生活很幸福7.Why do you want to be a part of MBA students?你为什么想成为一名工程管理硕士的学生？Through MBA study, becoming an excellent occupation managers通过MBA课程的学习，成为一名优秀的职业经理人8.What are your strengths and weakness?你的优点和缺点是什么？My advantage is a strong sense of responsibility and my weakness is stubbornness我的优点是责任感强，我的缺点是固执。
