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新编跨文化交际英语教程期末翻译题U n i t2.4.5.6中英对照(总3页)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1-CAL-本页仅作为文档封面，使用请直接删除UNIT 2文化有时候被称为我们的心智程序，我们“头脑的软件”。
Culture is sometimes referred to as our mental programming, our “software of the mind. ”但是，我们可以进一步引申这个用电脑所做的类比，把文化看作是支持运行的操作环境。
But we can take that computer analogy further and say that culture is the operating environment that enables software programs to run.文化就像电脑使用的 DOS 或者Unix 或者“视窗”（Windows）等操作系统一样，使我们能在各种各样的实际应用中处理信息。
Culture is like DOS or Unix or Windows:it is what enables us to process information in various specific application.用“视窗”这个比喻来描述文化似乎也很有吸引力。
The metaphor of windows seems to be very appealing to descr ibe culture:文化就是我们心灵的视窗，透过它我们审视生活的方方面面。
culture is a mental set of windows through which all of life is viewed.一个社会中不同个体的视窗是不大一样的，但都有着一些重要的共同特征。
It varies from individual to individual within a society, but it shares important characteristics with menbers of a so ciety.文化就好像是鱼畅游于其中的水一般，人们想当然地把文化看成是客观存在的事实，因而很少去研究它。
1. He’s just a green recruit fresh from college.缺乏经验的；不成熟的；幼稚的
翻译：他是个刚从大学毕业征召入伍的新兵。
2.I tried to call her many times but she was in a brown study and didn’t hear me.
深思，出神a state of deep absorption or thoughtfulness
翻译:我叫了她好几声，但她一直在沉思当中，并没有听见我的声音。
3. One day, out of the blue, a girl rang up and said she was my sister. 忧郁；沮丧；悲伤翻译：某天，出乎意料地，一个女孩给我打电话说她是我妹妹。
4. The new office block has unfortunately become an expensive white elephant.
累赘物，摆设物
翻译：这座新的办公楼步行地成了昂贵的摆设。
5.Mary was always regarded as t he black sheep of the family.
害群之马，败类，败家子
翻译：Mary总是被认为是败家子。
6. You’d better do something to prove you’re not yellow. 胆怯的
翻译：你最好做出点什么来证明你不是胆小鬼。
7.Can you see the green in her eyes? Green: adj. 由强烈感情影响的；嫉妒的。
翻译：你能看出她眼中的嫉妒之情吗？。
高三英语跨文化交际练习题20题1.In the United States, people often eat turkey on _____.A.ChristmasB.ThanksgivingC.EasterD.Halloween答案：B。
解析：在美国，人们通常在感恩节吃火鸡。
选项 A 圣诞节一般吃烤鸡等食物；选项C 复活节有彩蛋、兔子等元素；选项D 万圣节主要是糖果等。
2.Which of the following is not a traditional activity on St. Patrick's Day?A.Wearing green clothesB.ParadesC.Exchanging giftsD.Drinking green beer答案：C。
解析：在圣帕特里克节，人们会穿绿色衣服、举行游行、喝绿色啤酒。
但没有交换礼物这个传统活动。
3.On Halloween, children go from house to house asking for _____.A.candiesB.giftsC.toysD.flowers答案：A。
解析：在万圣节，孩子们挨家挨户要糖果。
选项B 礼物一般在圣诞节等节日交换；选项C 玩具不是万圣节主要索要的东西；选项D 花不是万圣节的常见物品。
4.In many Western countries, people decorate Christmas trees with _____.A.flowersB.candlesC.balloonsD.leaves答案：B。
解析：在许多西方国家，人们用蜡烛装饰圣诞树。
选项 A 花不是主要装饰圣诞树的物品；选项 C 气球一般不用于装饰圣诞树；选项D 树叶也不是圣诞树的常见装饰。
5.Which festival is associated with egg hunts?A.Valentine's DayB.EasterC.Independence DayD.Mother's Day答案：B。
《跨文化交际》试题（附答案）Paper 1 Communication AnalysisThe following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.Question 1Case 1:Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant.Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it!Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.Question 2Case 2:Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory.Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong!Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job.Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure.Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music.Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientific experiment.Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the game.Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment!Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.Question 3Case 3:This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.Jim had never been to China before. Li Zhen took him to a classical pianoconcert performed by a famous Chinese pianist. During the performance people were talking and at one stage someone ran up onto the stage and presented the pianist with a bunch of flowers during the playing of a particular musical item. This happened several times during the evening. It also happened when two singers were on stage singing some songs that he was playing. Jim thought all these things quite strange. At the end of the performance the audience applauded the pianist and he applauded them. The audience began to leave while the pianist remained on the stage.Paper 2 VocabularyChoose one word or expression from those in the box below to fill the gap in each of the sentences. Write the correct words in the spaces provided in your answer sheet. Do not change the forms of the4. After twenty five years working in the bank she decided on a different .5. Finally, after arguing about the meal for five minutes it was decided he would .6. Despite the circumstances of the accident there were still some that needed explanation.7. There are many different used when talking about people's relationships in China.8. "Mike! Meet Jane, the ."9. "Ok, the argument is over. Let's forget it, you know."10. People in English speaking countries also avoid losing face or hurting other people by telling .11. It is difficult for foreigners to understand British pub culture, especially the system of which all members of the group are expected to join in.12. It was a crushing blow to her, a hit when she received the news that her husband had left her for another woman.13. In China there is a real sense of in social situations. Paper 3 TranslationTranslate the following passage from English into Chinese. Please write your translation on the answer sheet.What do we mean by "Intercultural Communications" or "IC"? This is not a description of the popular trend toward talking about international things or going overseas. IC is actually an academic and applied discipline that has developed internationally since the 1950s. Sometimes called "cross-cultural communications" or "comparative culture" , scholars most often use the prefix "inter" with the word "cultural" to describe the interaction between cultures. On one level, IC is represented by culture studies, where we examine the political, economic and lifestyle systems of other countries. On another level, it is applied linguistics, where we seek to understand the relationship between language and culture. Many Chinese English teachers and professors have been interested in this aspect since the 1980s - How to teach English in ways that help students also learn the basic communication practices of Britain, the US or other English speaking countries.But the discipline of Intercultural Communications is actually a broad and well-developed field of study. IC is an interdisciplinary application of fields like cultural anthropology, sociology, psychology (and social psychology), communication studies, applied linguistics and educational pedagogy. IC is a comprehensive attempt to understand all aspects of human cultures and how they interact with each other.To understand Intercultural Communications, we seek to understand tradition and modernization, consistency and change. As we understand some of the ongoing national characteristics of a people, we can examine how this culture is seen from the outside, how it interacts with other cultures and how it is changing. In the last thirty odd years, scholars have developed both theoretical framework for comparing cultures and some practical dimensions for considering the similarity and differences between them. One level of intercultural comparison is Cultural Identity. Another level of comparison is Verbal Communication. Another area receiving much attention is Nonverbal Communication. Paper 4 ReadingPassage 1 Questions 15-20In recent years criticisms have been voiced concerning sexist bias in the English language. It has been argued that some of the vocabulary and grammar we use reflects and reinforces a traditional view of the world as one in which men are dominant and women play a secondary role. Takethe word 'chairman' for example. While this can in fact apply to people of both sexes, it appears to some people to be male-oriented as it ends in 'man'. In the past people taking the role of chairman were exclusively male and the word was obviously originally a compound of 'chair' and 'man'. Many English speakers, however, have ceased to view this word as a compound and no more feel it to be composed of these two units, than they perceive cupboard to be a composite of ' cup' and ' board'. In addition the continued use of chairman might be defended on the grounds that the final syllable is pronounced /m'n/ rather than /mn/, just like the final syllable of woman. Despite such considerations other speakers take a contrary view and are sensitive to the components of which it is made up. They clearly perceive it as a title that perpetuates traditional ideas about the place of women in society. For this reason they seek to replace it with neutral terms such as 'chairperson' or 'chair', so that it is now possible to ask questions such as; 'Who is chair of the committee?' Other changes advocated include the replacement of words such as 'postman', 'fireman' and 'policeman' with more clearly neutral terms such as 'postal worker', fire-fighter' and 'police officer’. There is, however, continuing controversy about how far such language changes should go. Should changes be considered for traditional idioms as 'man in the street' and titles such as 'Peking Man'? What about those words where the male meaning of 'man' is no longer dominant, such as 'manhandle'?To the extent that changes have taken place, they have done so more in the written language and formal pronouncements than in everyday speech. You would be quite likely to read in the paper that 'Postal workers are to receive a pay increase.' But 'Has the postman been?' would be most likely to be heard in informal conversation. Here 'postma n’ remains firmly entrenched in popular usage.The extent to which language reflects and shapes attitudes and behaviors is a matter of conjecture. Chinese, Japanese, Persian and Turkish do not make the kinds of sex distinctions English makes through its system of pronouns, but it would be difficult to maintain that males who speak these languages are less sexist than males who speak English! Answer the following questions according to the above text:15. The general use of the word 'man' added to English words indicates .A. sexual feelingsB. sexual freedomC. sexist ideasD. sexist bias .16. Generally where language and sex are concerned in Britain .A. all people agree change is neededB. some people agree change is neededC. people can't make up their minds on the issueD. people think the issue is unimportant and not serious17. What example does the author give to support a defense of the word 'chairman'?18. What does the author argue for when the example 'manhandle' is given?19. What does the author have to say about the impact of language changes?20. What is the author's argument in the final paragraph?Passage 2 Questions 21-27Can Computers Do a Better Job Rating Stocks?Since May, Charles Schwab has been providing stock ratings to clients using a computerized system that it says tries to remove human bias.In particular, Schwab says, its system is meant to avoid the conflicts of interest that have plagued traditional brokerage firms, whose research analysts have often acted as cheerleaders for companies being courted by their investment bankers."We believe that our single biggest advantage is our objectivity," said Jerry Chafkin, Schwab's executive vice president for investment advice and products. " While the development of the methodology is human, the analysis is being performed systematically and automatically.Though Schwab is perhaps the most prominent financial services company to use a computer-driven rating system, several others, including Value Line and Zacks Investment Research, pick stocks in a similar way.The various systems produce very different ratings of individual stocks, and their ability to outperform a market index fund over time has not been proved conclusively. The verdict is still out as to whether computers do it better than people. What is clear, though, is that the major computerized systems hand out fewer positive stock ratings than do Wall Street analysts, who seem to give them out very generously.People who run computerized selection systems criticize traditional Wall Street analysis as having institutional conflicts of interest, as well as individual bias. "I am very suspicious about opinions and judgments and emotions by humans in individual stock selection," said Samuel Eisenstadt, Value Line's research director.However, the computer-driven stock-picking systems must rely on the selection criteria of their creators. All try to isolate factors that their developers believe have the greatest ability to predict share prices. Most models compare a company9s historical earnings growth with that of other companies. And many track the extent to which earnings have surprised analysts.Many firms use their computer-based stock-rating systems as marketing tools.The designers of these systems say they should be judged on how a group of stocks performs over time. But all the systems assume, as do stock analysts on Wall Street, that superior research, by humans, and analysis can select a group of stocks that will outperform the market averages over the long run.Market analysts say it is too soon to assess the fledgling Schwab system or new models, like Microsoft's year-old Stock-ScouterMark the following statements True (T) / False (F) / Not Given (NG) according to the information provided in the text.Write T, or F or NG on your answer sheet in the spaces provided for questions.21. Charles Schwab is a computer company.22. The method of operation by Schwab is done automatically.23. 'Value Line' and 'Zacks' have similar operating methods to Schwab.24. There is no conclusive proof that computers perform better than humans.25. Wall Street analysts are generous in rating stocks.26. Human beings make value judgments according to the research director of 'Value Line'.27. Analysts are surprised at the growth rate of share prices.答案及评分标准Paper 1: Communication Analysis●The following points should be covered in the analysis.●Award one point for each of the points covered (underlined). Paper 2: Vocabulary●One point for each item.●Answers must be the same as the key.4. vocation5. foot the bill6. grey areas7. kin terms8. trouble and strife 9. live and let live10. white lies 11. buying a round12. below the belt 13. communityPaper 3: Translation14.“跨文化交际”或“IC”是指什么呢?这并不是对于谈论国际事务或出国大潮的描述。
《跨文化交际》试题（附答案）Paper 1 Communication AnalysisThe following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improvedupon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successfulcommunication or cultural understanding.?Question 1Case 1:Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist,Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are havingdinner in a restaurant.Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'lllove it!Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.? Question 2Case 2:Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at aBritish university for some months. It has not been totally successful.They are discussing the situation in the laboratory.Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong!Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job. Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure. Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music.Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is ascientific experiment.Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child' s play, and I'm playingthe game.Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather importantexperiment!Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.? Question 3Case 3:This is a more complex situation where there are several thingsrequire more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problemsand explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were studentsafterlater, year A Britain. in University Leeds at together graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year'sexchange.Jim had never been to China before. Li Zhen took him to a classicalpiano concert performed by a famous Chinese pianist. During the performance people were talking and at one stage someone ran up ontothe stage and presented the pianist with a bunch of flowers duringthe playing of a particular musical item. This happened several timesduring the evening. It also happened when two singers were on stagesinging some songs that he was playing. Jim thought all thesequite strange. At the end of the performance the audience applaudedthe pianist and he applauded them. The audience began to leave whilethe pianist remained on the stage.?Paper 2 VocabularyChoose one word or expression from those in the box below to fill thegap in each of the sentences. Write the correct words in the spacesprovided in your answer sheet. Do not change the forms of the words.?4. After twenty five years working in the bank she decided onadifferent .5. Finally, after arguing about the meal for five minutes it wasdecided he would .6. Despite the circumstances of the accident there were still somethat needed explanation.7. There are many different used when talking about people'srelationships in China.8. Mike! Meet Jane, the .9. Ok, the argument is over. Let's forget it, you know.10. People in English speaking countries also avoid losing face orhurting other people by telling .11. It is difficult for foreigners to understand British pub culture,especially the system of which all members of the group areexpected to join in.12. It was a crushing blow to her, a hit when she receivedthe news that her husband had left her for another woman. 13. In China there is a real sense of in social situations.?Paper 3 Translation?Translate the following passage from English into Chinese. Pleasewrite your translation on the answer sheet.?What do we mean by Intercultural Communications or IC? This is not a description of the popular trend toward talking about international things or going overseas. IC is actually an academicand applied discipline that has developed internationally since the1950s. Sometimes called cross-cultural communications or comparative culture , scholars most often use the prefix inter with the word cultural to describe the interaction between cultures.On one level, IC is represented by culture studies, where we examinethe political, economic and lifestyle systems of other countries. Onanother level, it is applied linguistics, where we seek tounderstandthe relationship between language and culture. Many Chinese Englishteachers and professors have been interested in this aspect since the1980s - How to teach English in ways that help students also learnthe basic communication practices of Britain, the US or other Englishspeaking countries.?But the discipline of Intercultural Communications is actually a broad and well-developed field of study. IC is an interdisciplinaryapplication of fields like cultural anthropology, sociology, psychology (and social psychology), communication studies, appliedlinguistics and educational pedagogy. IC is a comprehensive attemptto understand all aspects of human cultures and how they interact witheach other.?To understand Intercultural Communications, we seek tounderstand tradition and modernization, consistency and change. Aswe understand some of the ongoing national characteristics of a people,we can examine how this culture is seen from the outside, how itinteracts with other cultures and how it is changing. In the lastthirty odd years, scholars have developed both theoretical frameworkconsideringfor dimensions practical some and cultures comparing for the similarity and differences between them. One level of intercultural comparison is Cultural Identity. Another level ofcomparison is Verbal Communication. Another area receiving muchattention is Nonverbal Communication.?Paper 4 ReadingPassage 1 Questions 15-20?In recent years criticisms have been voiced concerning sexist biasin the English language. It has been argued that some of the vocabularyand grammar we use reflects and reinforces a traditional view of theworld as one in which men are dominant and women play a secondary role.Take the word 'chairman' for example. While this can in fact applyto people of both sexes, it appears to some people to be male-orientedas it ends in 'man'. In the past people taking the role of chairmanwere exclusively male and the word was obviously originally a compoundof 'chair' and 'man'. Many English speakers, however, have ceased toview this word as a compound and no more feel it to be composed ofthese two units, than they perceive cupboard to be a composite of 'cup' and ' board'. In addition the continued use of chairman mightbe defended on the grounds that the final syllable is pronounced /m'n/rather than /mn/, just like the final syllable of woman. Despite suchconsiderations other speakers take a contrary view and are sensitiveto the components of which it is made up. They clearly perceive itas a title that perpetuates traditional ideas about the place of womenin society. For this reason they seek to replace it with neutral termssuch as 'chairperson' or 'chair', so that it is now possible to askquestions such as; 'Who is chair of the committee?'Other changes advocated include the replacement of words suchas 'postman', 'fireman' and 'policeman' with more clearly neutralterms such as 'postal worker', fire-fighter' and 'police officer'.There is, however, continuing controversy about how far suchlanguagechanges should go. Should changes be considered for traditional idiomsas 'man in the street' and titles such as 'Peking Man'? What aboutthose words where the male meaning of 'man' is no longer dominant,such as 'manhandle'?To the extent that changes have taken place, they have done somore in the written language and formal pronouncements than in everyday speech. You would be quite likely to read in the paper that'Postal workers are to receive a pay increase.' But 'Has the postmanbeen?' would be most likely to be heard in informal conversation. Here'postman' remains firmly entrenched in popular usage.The extent to which language reflects and shapes attitudes and behaviors is a matter of conjecture. Chinese, Japanese, Persian andTurkish do not make the kinds of sex distinctions English makesthroughits system of pronouns, but it would be difficult to maintain thatmales who speak these languages are less sexist than males who speakEnglish!?Answer the following questions according to the above text:?15. The general use of the word 'man' added to English words indicates .A. sexual feelingsB. sexual freedomC. sexist ideasD. sexist bias .16. Generally where language and sex are concerned in Britain .A. all people agree change is neededB. some people agree change is neededC. people can't make up their minds on the issueD. people think the issue is unimportant and not serious17. What example does the author give to support a defense of the word'chairman'?18. What does the author argue for when the example 'manhandle' isgiven?19. What does the author have to say about the impact of language changes?20. What is the author's argument in the final paragraph?? Passage 2 Questions 21-27Can Computers Do a Better Job Rating Stocks?Since May, Charles Schwab has been providing stock ratings to clientsusing a computerized system that it says tries to remove human bias.In particular, Schwab says, its system is meant to avoid theconflicts of interest that have plagued traditional brokerage firms,whose research analysts have often acted as cheerleaders for companiesbeing courted by their investment bankers.We believe that our single biggest advantage is our objectivity, said Jerry Chafkin, Schwab's executive vice presidentfor investment advice and products. While the development of thesystematicallyperformed being is analysis the human, is methodologyand automatically.Though Schwab is perhaps the most prominent financial services company to use a computer-driven rating system, several others, including Value Line and Zacks Investment Research, pick stocks ina similar way.The various systems produce very different ratings of individualstocks, and their ability to outperform a market index fund over timehas not been proved conclusively. The verdict is still out as towhether computers do it better than people. What is clear, though,is that the major computerized systems hand out fewer positive stockratings than do Wall Street analysts, who seem to give them out verygenerously.People who run computerized selection systems criticizetraditional Wall Street analysis as having institutional conflictsof interest, as well as individual bias. I am very suspicious aboutopinions and judgments and emotions by humans in individual stockselection, said Samuel Eisenstadt, Value Line's research director.However, the computer-driven stock-picking systems must rely onthe selection criteria of their creators. All try to isolate factorsthat their developers believe have the greatest ability to predictshare prices. Most models compare a company9s historical earningsgrowth with that of other companies. And many track the extent to whichearnings have surprised analysts.Many firms use their computer-based stock-rating systems asmarketing tools.The designers of these systems say they should be judged on howa group of stocks performs over time. But all the systems assume, asdo stock analysts on Wall Street, that superior research, by humans,and analysis can select a group of stocks that will outperform themarket averages over the long run.Market analysts say it is too soon to assess the fledgling Schwabsystem or new models, like Microsoft's year-old Stock-Scouter? Mark the following statements True (T) / False (F) / Not Given (NG)according to the information provided in the text.?Write T, or F or NG on your answer sheet in the spaces provided forquestions.?21. Charles Schwab is a computer company.22. The method of operation by Schwab is done automatically.23. 'Value Line' and 'Zacks' have similar operating methods to Schwab.24. There is no conclusive proof that computers perform better thanhumans.25. Wall Street analysts are generous in rating stocks.26. Human beings make value judgments according to the research director of 'Value Line'.27. Analysts are surprised at the growth rate of share prices. 答案及评分标准?Paper 1: Communication Analysis●The following points should be covered in the analysis.●Award one point for each of the points covered (underlined). Paper 2: Vocabulary●One point for each item.●Answers must be the same as the key.4. vocation5. foot the bill6. grey areas7. kin terms8. trouble and strife 9. live and let live10. white lies 11. buying a round12. below the belt 13. communityPaper 3: Translation14.“跨文化交际”或“IC”是指什么呢?这并不是对于谈论国际事务或出国大潮的描述。
……………………………………………………………………………………………………Part ⅠDecide whether the following 10 statements are True or False. Write the answers in the blanks. (2% for each, 20%)1. People do not exchange greetings with people almost every day.2. If you want to know where a person was born, you can ask “Where are you originally from?”3. For women, in more informal business situations, should dress in a conservative suit or a well tailored dress.4. Conversations about children and family usually do not have their place in “networking ” situations for business.5. At conventions, it is absolutely necessary to participate or at least make an appearance at most organized functions.6. If you are the hostess, don ’t insist that someone else drink and don ’t over serve.7. There are enough people in the world who have problems mastering vehicles andphones individually.8. It is advisable not to wear the earpiece when we are not on the phone.9. Overdrinking alcohol can lower a person’s inhibitions and alter his judgment.10. Most meetings are unnecessary; they are just a way of making people feel important.1.在地球村里，国家就像一个大家庭，各大洲就像是邻居。
《跨文化交际》试题（附答案)Paper 1 Communication AnalysisThe following are three different cases of cross—cultural communication。
In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon。
Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding。
Question 1Case 1:Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist，Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all。
They are having dinner in a restaurant.Chen：This is Beijing duck，one of China’s most famous dishes. You’ll love it！Luke：No, thanks。
I don't like duck。
I prefer chicken。
Question 2Case 2：Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory.Feng Li: I don’t know where it went wrong！Tom，Don’t feel so bad. Cheer up，you’ve done your job。
1.Threeinternationaldevelopmentshavemadeinterculturalcontactmorepervasive(无处不在),theyare.（D）A.newtechnologyandinformationsystemB.changesintheworld’spopulationC.ashiftintheworld’seconomicarenaD.A,BandC2.__C____hasevolvedthatletssocietiesshareculturalexperienceswithoneanotherasfilmsareproducedandshownaroundthewo rld.A.ShowbusinessB.I.T.C.internationalfilmindustryD.Massmedia3._A_____intheUnitedStates,becausetheyhavebeenprofoundlyaffectedbypopulationandimmigrationincreases,areaprimarysettingfordomesticinte rculturalcontact.A.V11._C used.CC.differentstyles,thespeechactsD.vocabulary,thepronunciationnguageisaccompaniedbyacontinuousflowofnonverbalcommunication,whichinvolvesnotonly____butalso____and__ ___.CA.thetone,gaze,postureB.thevoice,theface,thebodyC.thepitch,gaze,gestureD.thepace,thedistance,touch15._B____istheprocessofselecting,organizing,andinterpretingsensorydatainawaythatenablesustomakesenseofourphysicala ndsocialworld.A.InterpretationB.PerceptionC.AnalysisD.Understanding16.Themapsareusuallydrawnbyputtingone’scountryinthecenter.Thisillustrates___C___.A.MisinterpretationB.RacialbiasC.EthnocentrismD.Stereotype17.Manystereotypesareprovidedbythe__D______.A.SchooleducationB.TextbookC.HistoryD.Massmedia18.Culturalbreakdowns,setbacksorconflictsresultfrommisinterpretations,ethnocentrism,andstereotypeasaresultof____B__ _.A.MisperceptionB.RacialbiasC.MisunderstandingD.Falseimpression19.___C__aredefined as“anenduringsetofbeliefsthatservetoguideordirectourbehavior”.wsB.PerceptionsC.ValuesD.Worldviews20.Whichofthestatementsaboutculturalvaluesisnottrue?CA.Culturalvalues,asisthecasewithculturalbeliefs,guidebothperceptionandcommunication.B.Culturalvalueshavenothingtodowithindividualvalues.C.Culturalvaluesareprescriptive.A.Tendstodeveloptransitorypersonalrelationship.B.Tendstouse"logic"topresentideas.C.Tendstogivesimple,ambiguous,non-contextingmessages.D.V aluesindividualism.30.Thefollowingadvantagesofhigh-contextculture don’t include______.DA.itsavesusmakingmanytrivialdecisions;B.itallowsforgreatflexibility,adaptabilityandoriginality;C.rolestendtobeclear;D.groupprojectsandteameffortstendtobepracticableandeffective.31.P eoplefromculturesthatprefer“highinvolvement”stylestendto__A_______.A.expecttobeinterruptedepolitelisteningsoundC.giveplentyofpositiveandrespectfulresponsestotheirconversationpartnersD.speakoneatatime32.Peoplefrom“highconsiderateness”culturesareoftenthoughttobe_____B___.A.loudB.passiveC.chattyD.pushy33.Onewaytodeterminewhetheraculturefavorsadirectorindirectstyleincommunicationis_____A_______.A.H owtheysay,“No.”B.Howtheyinvitepeople.C.Howtheyteachpeople.D.Howtheyacceptpeople.34.In2010,theEasterison___A______.A.4th,AprilB.5th,AprilC.2nd,AprilD.6th,April(5)(T)(11)?(12)（(18)(T)TheArabic-speakingnations,LatinAmerica,Russia,andnearlyallofAsia(especiallyIndiaandChina)arehighpowerdi stance.(19)()Languageisinfluencedandshapedbyculture;itreflectsculture.(20)(F)MainstreamAmericanconversationstylewouldalsobecharacterizedas“high involvement”,althoughitdifferssignifican tlyfromthevariousAsianpatterns.(21)()Wearecaptivesofourculture,thoughitoffersusacommonframeofreference.(22)()Westudyotherculturesfromtheperspectiveofourownculture,soourobservationsandourconclusionaretaintedbyourperso nalandculturalorientations.(23)()Becausewedonothavedirectacc esstothethoughtsandfeelingsofothers,wecan’tinferwhattheyareexperiencing.(24)()Therearerulesforspeakerstofollowastohowmessagesareconstructedandinterpreted.(25)()Onlywhenwearedeprivedofourowncultureorputintoacompletelynewculturecanwerealizetheimportanceofculturetous.(26)()Stereotypereferstoanunfair,biased,orintolerantattitudetowardsanothergroupofpeople.(27)()Theassumptionofsimilarityisoneofthebiggestpromotionsininterculturalcommunication.(28)(T)CountriesorregionswithmasculinetraitsareIreland,thePhilippines,Greece,SouthAfrica,Austria,Japan,Italy,andMexico.(29)()Lowcontextcommunicationsavesusmakingmanytrivialdecisions.(30)(F)ForAmericans,twoorthreesecondsofsilencecanbecomfortable.1.三个国际的发展作出了跨文化联系更普遍的（无处不在），他们是。
Unit Two Task 11)A smooth sea never made a skillful mariner. 平静的大海决不能造就出熟练的水手。
/花盆里生长不出参天大树。
/温室里长不出栋梁之才。
2)He who would search for pearls must dive below.不入虎穴，焉得虎子。
/ 欲寻珍珠就要潜到水里。
/ 欲寻珍珠欲潜入水。
3)Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. 生活没有目标如同航行没有罗盘。
/没有目标的生活如同没有罗盘的航行。
4)To have another fish to fry另有要事/ 另有事情得做5)The water that bears the boat is the same that swallows it up.水能载舟，亦能覆舟。
(The same knife cuts bread and fingers.)6)前人栽树，后人乘凉。
One sows and another reaps. / One man sows and another reaps. / One generation plants the trees in whose shade another generation rests. / The precedence planted, the later generations enjoy its cool.7)斩草不除根，逢春又发青。
If the grass is only cut, then the next spring it will revive. / Cut weeds and dig up the roots.8)种田不用问，深耕多上粪。
Planting has no better measures but ploughing deeply and fertilizing much more.9)生米煮成熟饭。
高中英语跨文化交际练习题50题含答案解析1.In some Western countries, it's polite to make eye contact when talking. In Japan, however, prolonged eye contact may be considered impolite. When you are having a conversation with a new acquaintance in Japan, what should you do?A.Make strong eye contact.B.Avoid prolonged eye contact.C.Stare at the person.D.Look away constantly.答案解析：B。
在日本，避免长时间的目光接触被认为是礼貌的行为。
选项A 在一些西方国家可能是礼貌的，但在日本不是；选项C 盯着人看在任何国家都不太礼貌；选项D 不断地看别处也不恰当。
2.In the United States, it's common to greet with a handshake. In Thailand, what is a common way to greet?A.Bow.B.Hug.C.Kiss on the cheek.D.Shake hands firmly.答案解析：A。
在泰国，人们通常以鞠躬的方式问候。
选项B 拥抱在美国等一些国家比较常见，但在泰国不是主要的问候方式；选项C 亲吻脸颊在一些欧洲国家常见；选项D 在美国常见。
3.In France, it's considered polite to greet with a kiss on both cheeks.In China, what is a more common way to greet?A.Kiss on the cheek.B.Bow slightly.C.Shake hands.D.Hug.答案解析：C。
1.Three international developments have made intercultural contact more pervasive (无处不在), they are .（D）A. new technology and information systemB. changes in the world’s populationC. a shift in the world’s economic arenaD. A, B and C2.__C____ has evolved that lets societies share cultural experiences with one another as films are produced and shown around the world.A. Show businessB. I.T.C. international film industryD. Mass media3._A_____ in the United States, because they have been profoundly affected by population and immigration increases, are a primary setting for domestic intercultural contact.A. SchoolsB. CommunityC. WorkplaceD. club4. It is difficult to find a single definition of human communication because__D____.A. the complex nature of communicationB. the issue of intentionalityC. the issue of unintentionalityD. A, B and C5. To Reusch and Bateson, communication often takes place ___A__.A. without awarenessB. consciouslyC. intentionallyD. deliberately6. Which of the statements of communication is not true?A(?)A. Communication is dynamicmunication is symbolicmunication is InterpretiveD. Communication is static7. Communication has a consequence means that ____D__.A. Communication is irreversibleB.Our response to message does not have to be immediateC. The nature of our responses to messages is rooted in our cultureD. A, B and C8. Which of the item is not the basic component of culture?DA. ValuesB. EmotionsC. PersonalityD. Attitudes9. We learn our culture not through ________.A. proverbsB. artC. mass mediaD. self-taught10.Although many aspects of culture are subject to change, the _______ of a culture resists major alterations.BA. historyB. the deep structureC. backgroundD. tradition11. __D____ is at the core of intercultural communication.A. senderB. receiverC. cultureD. language12. Although cultures change through several mechanisms, which of the following item is not the three most common ones.CA. DiffusionB. AcculturationC. InventionD. Innovation13. One of the most difficult tasks for foreigners in learning a new language is learning the _________ and ________ in which they are used.CA. different styles, the contextsB. grammar, accentC. different styles, the speech actsD. vocabulary, the pronunciation14. Language is accompanied by a continuous flow of nonverbal communication, which involves not only ____ but also ____ and _____.CA. the tone, gaze, postureB. the voice, the face, the bodyC. the pitch, gaze, gestureD. the pace, the distance, touch15. _B____ is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory data in a way that enables us to make sense of our physical and social world.A. InterpretationB. PerceptionC. AnalysisD. Understanding16. The maps are usually drawn by putting one’s country in the center. This illustrates ___C___.A. MisinterpretationB. Racial biasC. EthnocentrismD. Stereotype17. Many stereotypes are provided by the __D______.A. School educationB. TextbookC. HistoryD. Mass media18. Cultural breakdowns, setbacks or conflicts result from misinterpretations, ethnocentrism, and stereotype as a result of ____B___.A. MisperceptionB. Racial biasC. MisunderstandingD. False impression19. ___C__ are defined as “an enduring set of beliefs that serve to guide or direct our behavior”.A. LawsB. PerceptionsC. ValuesD. World views20. Which of the statements about cultural values is not true?CA.Cultural values, as is the case with cultural beliefs, guide both perception and communication.B. Cultural values have nothing to do with individual values.C.Cultural values are prescriptive.D.Cultural values, once formed, are enduring and relatively stable.21. Which of the countries doesn’t belong to individualistic culture?D(?)A. ItalyB. New ZealandC. FranceD. Greece22. In a high power distance culture, the superior tends to BA.treat employees respectfullyB.display his authorityC. interact with workers more oftenD.do important work23. Which of the statements about low uncertainty avoidance is not trueA.Divers population.B.Frequent innovations.C.Generally older countries with a long history.D. Citizens are proud of nation.24. Which of the following countries or region of no feminine traits? DA. NorwayB. FinlandC. DenmarkD. Austria25. Language ______ cultural reality.CA. ExpressesB. EmbodiesC. InfluencesD. Symbolizes26.It is a universal truth that language is _____ by culture and in turn it ______ culture. BA.influenced, reflectsB.displayed, influencesC. determined, reflectsD.shaped, influences27. Language is the ______ representation of a people, and it comprises their historical and cultural backgrounds as well as their approach to life and their ways of living and thinking.DA. PrescriptiveB. AbstractC. SubstantialD. Symbolic28. Which of the contextual cues do not matter in a high-context culture?AA. The type of relationship that exists between the speaker and the listener.B. The coded, explicit message.C. Age relative to the speaker and the listener.D.Where is the communication taking place?29. The low-context culture doesn’t have which of the characteristics.BA.Tends to develop transitory personal relationship.B. Tends to use "logic" to present ideas.C.Tends to give simple, ambiguous, non-contexting messages.D.Values individualism.30. The following advantages of high-context culture don’t include ______.DA.it saves us making many trivial decisions;B.it allows for great flexibility, adaptability and originality;C.roles tend to be clear;D.group projects and team efforts tend to be practicable and effective.31. P eople from cultures that prefer “high involvement” styles tend to __A_______.A. expect to be interruptedB. use polite listening soundC.give plenty of positive and respectful responses to their conversation partnersD. speak one at a time32. People from “high considerateness” cultures are often thought to be _____B___.A. loudB. passiveC. chattyD. pushy33. One way to determine whether a culture favors a direct or indirect style in communication is _____A_______.A. H ow they say, “No.”B. How they invite people.C. How they teach people.D. How they accept people.34. In 2010, the Easter is on ___A______.A. 4th, AprilB.5th, AprilC. 2nd, AprilD. 6th, April35. Which of the communication style can’t be characterized as high considerateness?AA. ChineseB. JapaneseC. Mainstream AmericanD. Russian Define the following concept. (4 points for each of the 5 items)(1)Culture (2) Acculturation (3) Stereotype (4) Value (5) Uncertainty avoidance (6) Communication (7) Innovation (8) Perception (9) Ethnocentrism(10) Intercultural communication (11) Power distance (12) high-contextTrue or false.(1) ( F ) Cultural generalizations must be viewed not as approximations (接近)of reality, but as absolute representations.(2) (T ) Domestic contacts are increasing because new immigrants and co-cultures are growing in numbers.(3) ( F ) Our response to message has to be immediate.(4) ( T ) It is always possible to share our feelings and experiences by means of direct mind-to-mind contact.(5) ( T ) Culture is a problem of nurture instead of nature, that is one’s cultural patterns are acquired through learning or interacting, or they are determined by the environment within which we live.?? (6) ( F ) Misinterpretations do result every time members from two cultures communicate.(7) ( F ) Ethnocentrism is usually learned at the conscious level.(8) ( F) Low uncertainty avoidance cultures tend to have a less efficient infrastructure than high uncertainty avoidance cultures.(9) ( T ) China, Korea, Japan, Latin America, and to a certain extent, France, are considered to be high-context cultures.(10) ( T ) In the mainstream American culture, the ideal form of communication includes being direct rather than indirect.(11) （T）Communication is an activity that affects people and other people.? (12) （T ）New technology, and growth in the world’s population have contributed toincreased international contacts.(13) (F ) All cultures use symbols, but they rarely assign their own meanings to them.(14) ( T ) Communication can be retrieved.(15) ( )Patterns of culture are inherent with individual, that is, they are genetically passed down from previous generations.(16) ( ) Perceptions for the same object, behavior or event are always universal.(17) ( ) To understand other people we must go into their perceptual world and try to experience reality in the same manner as they do.(18) ( T ) The Arabic-speaking nations, Latin America, Russia, and nearly all of Asia (especially India and China) are high power distance.(19) ( ) Language is influenced and shaped by culture; it reflects culture.(20) ( F ) Mainstream American conversation style would also be characterized as “high involvement”, although it differs significantly from the various Asian patterns.(21) ( ) We are captives of our culture, though it offers us a common frame of reference.(22) ( ) We study other cultures from the perspective of our own culture, so our observations and our conclusion are tainted by our personal and cultural orientations.(23) ( ) Because we do not have direct access to the thoughts and feelings of others, we can’t infer what they are experiencing.(24) ( ) There are rules for speakers to follow as to how messages are constructed and interpreted.(25) ( ) Only when we are deprived of our own culture or put into a completely new culture can we realize the importance of culture to us.(26) ( ) Stereotype refers to an unfair, biased, or intolerant attitude towards another group of people.(27) ( ) The assumption of similarity is one of the biggest promotions in intercultural communication.(28) ( T) Countries or regions with masculine traits are Ireland, the Philippines, Greece, South Africa, Austria, Japan, Italy, and Mexico.(29) ( ) Low context communication saves us making many trivial decisions.(30) ( F) For Americans, two or three seconds of silence can be comfortable.1.三个国际的发展作出了跨文化联系更普遍的（无处不在），他们是。
《跨文化交际》试题（附答案）Paper 1 Communication AnalysisThe following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In eachof the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on whatis to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.?Question 1Case 1:Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, whohas no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant.Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it!Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.?Question 2Case 2:Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at aBritish universityfor some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situationin the laboratory.Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong!Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job.Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure.Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music.Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientificexperiment.Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child' s play, and I'm playing the game.Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment!Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.? Question 3Case 3:This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require moreinformed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the culturaldifferences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. Ayear later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year'sexchange.Jim had never been to China before. Li Zhen took him to a classical piano concertperformed by a famous Chinese pianist. During the performance people were talkingand at one stage someone ran up onto the stage and presented the pianist with a bunchof flowers during the playing of a particular musical item. This happened severaltimes during the evening. It also happened when two singers were on stage singingsome songs that he was playing. Jim thought all these things quite strange. At the endof the performance the audience applauded the pianist and he applauded them. Theaudience began to leave while the pianist remained on the stage.?Paper 2 V ocabularyChoose one word or expression from those in the box below to fill thegap ineach of the sentences. Write the correct words in the spaces provided in youranswer sheet. Do not change the forms of the words.?4. After twenty five years working in the bank she decided on a different .5. Finally, after arguing about the meal for five minutes it was decided he would .6. Despite the circumstances of the accident there were still somethat neededexplanation.7. There are many different used when talking about people's relationshipsin China.8. Mike! Meet Jane, the .9. Ok, the argument is over. Let's forget it, you know.10. People in English speaking countries also avoid losing face or hurting otherpeople by telling .11. It is difficult for foreigners to understand British pub culture, especially thesystem of which all members of the group are expected to join in.12. It was a crushing blow to her, a hit when she received the news that herhusband had left her for another woman.13. In China there is a real sense of in social situations.? Paper 3 Translation?Translate the following passage from English into Chinese. Please write yourtranslation on the answer sheet.?What do we mean by Intercultural Communications or IC? This is not a description of the popular trend toward talking about international things or goingoverseas. IC is actually an academic and applied discipline that has developedinternationally since the 1950s. Sometimes called cross-cultural communications orcomparative culture , scholars most often use the prefix inter with the wordcultural to describe the interaction between cultures. On one level, IC is representedby culture studies, where we examine the political, economic and lifestyle systems ofother countries. On another level, it is applied linguistics, where we seek tounderstand the relationship between language and culture. Many Chinese Englishteachers and professors have been interested in this aspect since the 1980s - How toteach English in ways that help students also learn the basic communication practicesof Britain, the US or other English speaking countries.?But the discipline of Intercultural Communications is actually a broad and well-developed field of study. IC is an interdisciplinary application of fields likecultural anthropology, sociology, psychology (and social psychology), communication studies, applied linguistics and educational pedagogy. IC is acomprehensive attempt to understand all aspects of human cultures andhow theyinteract with each other.?To understand Intercultural Communications, we seek to understand traditionand modernization, consistency and change. As we understand some of the ongoingnational characteristics of a people, we can examine how this culture is seen from theoutside, how it interacts with other cultures and how it is changing. In the last thirtyodd years, scholars have developed both theoretical framework for comparingcultures and some practical dimensions for considering the similarity and differencesbetween them. One level of intercultural comparison is Cultural Identity. Anotherlevel of comparison is Verbal Communication. Another area receiving much attentionis Nonverbal Communication.?Paper 4 ReadingPassage 1 Questions 15-20?In recent years criticisms have been voiced concerning sexist bias in theEnglishlanguage. It has been argued that some of the vocabulary and grammar we usereflects and reinforces a traditional view of the world as one in which men aredominant and women play a secondary role. Take the word 'chairman' for example.While this can in fact apply to people of both sexes, it appears to some people to bemale-oriented as it ends in 'man'. In the past people taking the role of chairman wereexclusively male and the word was obviously originally a compound of 'chair' and'man'. Many English speakers, however, have ceased to view this word as acompound and no more feel it to be composed of these two units, than they perceivecupboard to be a composite of ' cup' and ' board'. In addition the continued use ofchairman might be defended on the grounds that the final syllable is pronounced /m'n/rather than /mn/, just like the final syllable of woman. Despite suchconsiderationsother speakers take a contrary view and are sensitive to the components of which it ismade up. They clearly perceive it as a title that perpetuates traditional ideas about theplace of women in society. For this reason they seek to replace it with neutral termssuch as 'chairperson' or 'chair', so that it is now possible to ask questions such as;'Who is chair of the committee?'Other changes advocated include the replacement of words such as 'postman','fireman' and 'policeman' with more clearly neutral terms such as 'postal worker',fire-fighter' and 'police officer'. There is, however, continuing controversy about howfar such language changes should go. Should changes be considered for traditionalidioms as 'man in the street' and titles such as 'Peking Man'? What about those wordswhere the male meaning of 'man' is no longer dominant, such as'manhandle'?To the extent that changes have taken place, they have done so more in thewritten language and formal pronouncements than in everyday speech. You would bequite likely to read in the paper that 'Postal workers are to receive a pay increase.' But'Has the postman been?' would be most likely to be heard in informal conversation.Here 'postman' remains firmly entrenched in popular usage.The extent to which language reflects and shapes attitudes and behaviors is amatter of conjecture. Chinese, Japanese, Persian and Turkish do not make the kindsof sex distinctions English makes through its system of pronouns, but it would bedifficult to maintain that males who speak these languages are less sexist than maleswho speak English!?Answer the following questions according to the above text:?15. The general use of the word 'man' added to English words indicates .A. sexual feelingsB. sexual freedomC. sexist ideasD. sexist bias .16. Generally where language and sex are concerned in Britain .A. all people agree change is neededB. some people agree change is neededC. people can't make up their minds on the issueD. people think the issue is unimportant and not serious17. What example does the author give to support a defense of the word 'chairman'?18. What does the author argue for when the example 'manhandle' is given?19. What does the author have to say about the impact of language changes?20. What is the author's argument in the final paragraph??Passage 2 Questions 21-27Can Computers Do a Better Job Rating Stocks?Since May, Charles Schwab has been providing stock ratings to clients using acomputerized system that it says tries to remove human bias.In particular, Schwab says, its system is meant to avoid the conflicts of interestthat have plagued traditional brokerage firms, whose research analystshave oftenacted as cheerleaders for companies being courted by their investment bankers.We believe that our single biggest advantage is our objectivity, said JerryChafkin, Schwab's executive vice president for investment advice and products.While the development of the methodology is human, the analysis is being performedsystematically and automatically.Though Schwab is perhaps the most prominent financial services company touse a computer-driven rating system, several others, including V alue Line and ZacksInvestment Research, pick stocks in a similar way.The various systems produce very different ratings of individual stocks, andtheir ability to outperform a market index fund over time has not been provedconclusively. The verdict is still out as to whether computers do it better than people.What is clear, though, is that the major computerized systems hand outfewer positivestock ratings than do Wall Street analysts, who seem to give them out verygenerously.People who run computerized selection systems criticize traditional Wall Streetanalysis as having institutional conflicts of interest, as well as individual bias. I amvery suspicious about opinions and judgments and emotions by humans in individualstock selection, said Samuel Eisenstadt, V alue Line's research director.However, the computer-driven stock-picking systems must rely on theselection criteria of their creators. All try to isolate factors that their developersacompare models Most prices. share predict to ability greatest the have believecompany9s historical earnings growth with that of other companies. And many trackthe extent to which earnings have surprised analysts.Many firms use their computer-based stock-rating systems asmarketing tools.The designers of these systems say they should be judged on how a group ofstocks performs over time. But all the systems assume, as do stock analysts on WallStreet, that superior research, by humans, and analysis can select a group of stocksthat will outperform the market averages over the long run.Market analysts say it is too soon to assess the fledgling Schwab system or newmodels, like Microsoft's year-old Stock-Scouter?Mark the following statements True (T) / False (F) / Not Given (NG) accordingto the information provided in the text.?Write T, or F or NG on your answer sheet in the spaces provided for questions.?21. Charles Schwab is a computer company.22. The method of operation by Schwab is done automatically.23. 'Value Line' and 'Zacks' have similar operating methods to Schwab.24. There is no conclusive proof that computers perform better than humans.25. Wall Street analysts are generous in rating stocks.26. Human beings make value judgments according to the research director of 'ValueLine'.27. Analysts are surprised at the growth rate of share prices.答案及评分标准?Paper 1: Communication Analysis●The following points should be covered in the analysis.●Award one point for each of the points covered (underlined). Paper 2: V ocabulary●One point for each item.●Answers must be the same as the key.4. vocation5. foot the bill6. grey areas7. kin terms8. trouble and strife 9. live and let live10. white lies 11. buying a round12. below the belt 13. communityPaper 3: Translation14.“跨文化交际”或“IC”是指什么呢?这并不是对于谈论国际事务或出国大潮的描述。
（完整版）跨文化交际与翻译真题_跨文化交际与翻译真题2015.6.5临床专业一、案例分析(答题说明：每题10分，合计10.0分。
)1. Situation: Two Americans, Bill and Tony, are talking about Tony’s unhappy experience with his Chinese college.Bill: Hi, Tony. How’re you doing?Tony: Fine. Just got back from visiting the home of one of my Chinese colleagues.Bill: Oh, have a good time?Tony: Oh yes, very good. Mind you, I was bit hurt about the way theytreated my present. You see, I know they like western music so I broughtthem back some of the latest tapes from the UK. Had them all wrapped up beautifully and gave them to them as soon as I got inside the door and whatdo you think happened?Bill: What?Tony: Nothing. Well, more or less, they said thank you but then just putthem away in a corner. Didn’t even bother to unwrap them.I must say I felt a bit miffed after all the trouble I’d taken.参考答案：答题点：Gift giving in the West三、跨文化单选(答题说明：每题1分，合计15.0分。
《跨文化交际》考试试卷Section I Listening Test[20points]Part1.Questions1-5are based on this part.(10points)You are going to listen to a panel discussion between two people on animal behavior.Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D for each question.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.1.Madam Chair states that chimpanzee's altruism__________.A.is similar to that of beesB.may contain an element of self-interestC.is part of a group feeding systemD.is not a mutual-aid system2.Worker bees work hard looking for food for2or3weeks,__________.A.and then die,leaving no offspringB.and then feed their offspringC.but die before feeding their offspringD.and then produce their offspring3.Chimpanzees who don't do their share of grooming are__________by the group.A.criticizedB.acceptedC.exchangedD.rejected4.Male lions will cooperate in groups comprising__________.A.brothersB.brothers and sistersC.brothers and sisters and daughtersD.brothers and sisters and daughters and aunts5.Which of the following animals are being discussed in the conversation?A.bees,dogs,and lionsB.bees,chimpanzees,and fishC.bees,chimpanzees,and lions.D.chimpanzees,lions,and dogsPart2.Questions6-15are based on this part.(10points)You are going to listen to part of a lecture.As you listen,fill in the blanks with words from the lecture to complete the sentences that summarize the main points of the lecture.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Note:Each blank requires only ONE word.People communicate with one another all the time.Culture is regarded at the__6___of communication challenges and it influences how people__7___problems and participate in groups and in___8___.One definition of culture given in the lecture is that"Culture refers to a group with which we share common experiences that__9___how we understand the world."In the complex world,culture is one of the factors that act upon people.Anthropologists Keven Avruch and Peter Black explained that"culture provides the lens through which we view the world;the__10___by which we order it;the_11___by which the world makes sense."Since people coming from different cultural groups need to work together,cultural values sometimes__12___and misunderstanding arises.The speaker mentioned six patterns of cultural differences which include:different communication styles,attitudes toward conflict,approaches to___13____tasks,decision making styles,attitudes toward__14___,and approaches to knowing.When talking about communication style,the speaker introduced two aspects:verbal and non-verbal communication.Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions,__15___, seating arrangements,personal distance,and sense of time.This is the end of the Listening Test.Section II Communicative Competence[30points]Questions16-30:Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.16.Which of the following statements is TRUE of collectivism?__________A.Collectivist cultures are described as"I"cultures.B.Members of collectivist cultures value open discussion of disagreement.C.Uniformity and conformity are stressed in collectivist cultures.D.Collectivists tend to draw attention to themselves and express unique opinions.17.Just now I suddenly realized that I was totally to blame.I'll just have to face the music.The underlined part here means__________.A.to go to a concert and forget anything else by enjoying the musicB.to relax oneself by listening to the music aloneC.to accept responsibility for a mistakeD.to go to see the person who is in charge and ask what has gone wrong18.Which of the following statements is NOT true?__________A.Individualism can be traced to the philosophy of liberalism.B.The basic social unit in collectivist cultures is the autonomous self.C.Eastern collectivism is tied to Confucianism.D.Culture shock may occur at the individualist-collectivist divide,but the gap can be bridged.19.Bob is great!He always plays the game.The underlined part has the same meaning as __________.A.takes something as a game without caring too muchB.plays various gamesC.helps others when playing gamesD.behaves in a fair and honorable way20.Which of the following first names is shortened as"Bob"?__________A.RobertB.WilliamC.AlexanderD.Peter21.Which of the following statements is TRUE of the roots of English names?__________A."Forester"came from personal characteristics.B."Young"came from occupations.C."O'Patrick"came from family relationships.D."Butler"came from places.22.If you received an English invitation to a formal western banquet but could not attend it,what would be an appropriate action?__________A.Ask a friend to attend the banquet for you.B.Ask a colleague to phone a refusal.C.Accept the invitation but then not attend.D.Write a reply informing the host/hostess that you could not attend the banquet.23.Your American colleague has just had her hair dyed green.She is expecting your comment. What would you say appropriately?__________A."Your hair is as green as tree leaves."B."It looks good."C."It's too green.I don't like the color."D."It looks much better."24.Your classmate from Britain would like to borrow your computer this weekend.Unfortunately, you need to use it at the same time.How would you refuse the request politely?__________A."Well,why don't you borrow one from someone else?"B."Sorry,I cannot lend it to you."C."Yes,but you need to give it back to me as soon as possible."D."I'd love to,but I'm afraid I've got a lot of things to type up as well."25.Trying to explain rock music to your grandfather is just like dui niu tan qin(对牛弹琴)-playing violin to a bull.The corresponding English expression is__________.A.casting pearls before swineB.casting diamonds to a dogC.throwing pearls to a pigD.throwing diamonds to a goat26.Which of the following statements is TRUE of non-verbal communication?__________A.Non-verbal communication serves a variety of purposes.B.Non-verbal communication is less important than verbal communication.C.Since non-verbal communication is hard to interpret,it is important to reduce it to the minimum in cross-cultural communication.D.Non-verbal communication is not effective without verbal communication.27.The idiom"by the skin of one's teeth"means__________.A.very thinB.hard and flexibleC.only justD.one's sense of right and wrong28.What does the ring gesture(you form an"O"by holding the tip of your forefinger to the tip of your thumb)mean in Britain?__________A.Something is expensive.B.Something is good.C.Something is worthless.D.I will kill you.29.Which of the following statements is NOT true?__________A.Proxemics is the study governing how closely one person stands to another.B.All cultures draw lines between appropriate and inappropriate social distance for different relationships.C.Social distance has a wider range than public distance.D.The appropriateness of physical contact varies between cultures.30.If someone is said to be"economical with the truth",he/she__________A.has saved a lot of moneyB.does not tell the whole truthes very few wordsD.has recently diedSection III Reading Comprehension[30points]Part1.Questions31-35are based on Passage1.(10points)Passage1A handshake will be an acceptable greeting around the world.However,the strength,length,and duration of a handshake will vary by culture.Of course,Japanese will still bow to each other and it is advisable for foreign visitors to bow slightly when shaking hands.Mexicans who know each other will hug and East Europeans may kiss.In many European countries it is common to shake hands with everyone in the room before and after each business meeting.Business card exchanges are an important part of any international business meeting.Variations include where to keep your cards,which languages the card should be in,and what to do with the business card once you have received it.One rule to follow:Always bring five times more cards than you think you will need.To explore the nuances of business card exchange,we will examine the exchange as carried out by an American in Japan.First,the cards should be in English on one side and Japanese on the other.The Japanese side should have a logo or other marker.It is important that the company and title be prominently positioned.The cards should be kept in a card holder in the vest or jacket.Never keep the cards in a wallet or a pocketbook.The presentation of the card is done at the beginning of the meeting. Cards are presented with the giver's name(Japanese side)facing the recipient.The card can be delivered by one or preferably two hands accompanied by a slight bow.On receipt of a card,it should be studied carefully to determine the status of the person.Since meetings usually involve more than one person,each card received should be placed on the table,like an open deck of cards, in front of the recipient so that the executive can tell who he or she is speaking with.The recipient should avoid shuffling the cards,placing them in one's wallet,or writing on them in the presence of the giver.The business card is the symbolic embodiment of the organization;therefore it should be treated with the utmost respect.As a general rule,use people's titles on international business assignments.Learn the appropriate titles for each country.People with Ph.D.s should always be referred to as'Doctor'.In many countries,people will be referred to by their titles only.For example,"Chief Engineer,can you tell us how this operation works?"The use of first names in business also varies by country and age. Be alert to these differences.Questions31-35:Decide whether the following statements are true,false,or not mentioned according to the passage.Write T for"true",F for"false",and NM for"not mentioned"on the Answer Sheet._______31.Generally speaking,in Europe you should shake hands with everybody at the beginning and the end of a meeting._______32.You should always take at least five more business cards than you expect to need on your business trips._______33.In Japan,the person's status should be clearly given on the card._______34.It is acceptable for an American to note something down on a Japanese business card to remind him of the person who gave it to him._______35.The Japanese business card is more than just a reminder of who the person is.It also represents the company he works for.Part2.Questions36-40are based on Passage2.(10points)Passage2In an effort to get over culture shock,there is value in knowing something about the nature of culture and its relationship to the individual.In addition to living in a physical environment,an individual lives in a cultural environment consisting of manmade physical objects,social institutions,ideas and beliefs.An individual is not born with culture but only with the capacity to learn it and use it.There is nothing in a newborn child which dictates that it should eventually speak Portuguese,English,or French,nor that it should eat with a fork in its left hand rather than in the right,or use chopsticks. All these things the child has to learn.Nor are the parents responsible for the culture which they transmit to their young.The culture of any people is the product of history and is built up over time largely through processes which are,as far as the individual is concerned,beyond his/her awareness.It is by means of culture that the young learn to adapt themselves to the physical environment and to the people with whom they associate.As we know,children and adolescents often experience difficulties in this process of learning and adjustment.But once learned,culture becomes a way of life,the sure,familiar,largely automatic way of getting what you want from your environment and as such it also becomes a value. People have a way of accepting their culture as both the best and the only way of doing things. This is perfectly normal and understandable.To this attitude we give the name ethnocentrism,a belief that not only the culture but the race and nation form the center of the world.Individuals identify themselves with their own group and its ways to the extent that any critical comment is taken as an affront to the individual as well as to the group.If you criticize my country, you are criticizing me.If you criticize me,you are criticizing my country.Along with this attitude goes the tendency to attribute all individual peculiarities as national characteristics.For instance,if an American does something odd or antisocial in a foreign country which back home would be considered a purely individual act,it is now considered a national trait.Instead of being censured as an individual,his country is censured.It is best to recognize that ethnocentrism is a characteristic of national groups.If a person criticizes some aspect of one's own culture,one should listen but not enter into criticisms.Questions36-40:Choose the best answer from A,B,C and D.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.36.According to the passage,which of the following choices is NOT mentioned as an element in acultural environment?A.social institutionsB.beliefsC.historyD.physical objects37.What is the writer's stand about culture?A.Parents are responsible for transmitting culture to their children.B.Children are born with culture.C.Culture needs to be taught to young people.D.Culture builds up over time and guides young people to adjust to environment.38.According to the passage,what is NOT suggested by the writer as a symptom of ethnocentrism?A.Regarding cultures containing similar values as the best cultures.B.Regarding home culture is superior to other cultures.C.Identifying oneself with the group one comes from.D.Assuming other cultures do things likewise.39.What is the writer's attitude towards ethnocentrism in the article?A.positiveB.negativeC.neutralD.indifferent40.What does the word"censure"mean in the article?A.praiseB.criticizeC.evaluateD.judgePart3.Questions41-45are based on Passage3.(10points)Passage3The Chinese make a clear distinction between insiders and outsiders,and this distinction exists on all levels of interpersonal interaction.Insiders consist of people from two categories:automatic and selected.Automatic insiders include one's parents,siblings,relatives,colleagues,and classmates,whereas selected ones are special relations that one has developed over time at work or elsewhere.For example,a person is considered an insider at work after he or she has developed a special relationship by helping others and sharing information with others.The five common criteria of an insider are nice,trustworthy,caring,helpful,and empathetic.The distinction between an insider and an outsider provides specific rules of interaction in Chinese interpersonal relationships.Insiders often are treated differently from outsiders,and a person with insider status often enjoys privileges and special treatment beyond an outsider's comprehension. To illustrate,a Chinese person may go beyond his or her means to help an insider,but an outsider has to follow the rules.The insider-outsider distinction also involves moral implications.In the Chinese culture,moral judgments are not only cognitively but affectively based.Moral stands tend to vary from one relationship to another.Family-centered"insider"relationships have two important implications for relationshipdevelopment with strangers.First,as King and Bond argue,the importance of family and the sense of dependency built up in the Chinese family system make it difficult to develop personal relationships with strangers.In the Chinese culture,the transformation from a wai ren(outsider)to a zi ji ren(insider)involves an arduous and time-consuming process,because personal relationships often take a long time to develop.After relationships have been established,however, they tend to stay very solid.As a result,in order to overcome the inherent difficulty in relationship development,intermediaries are widely used for social relationship construction.Second,the Chinese and other collectivistic cultures tend to be particularistic in their utilization of value standards toward in-groups and out-groups.This particularistic principle of interpersonal relationships hinders interactions with outsiders because value standards applied to in-groups may not be readily adapted to out-groups,and most Chinese don't feel knowledgeable about dealing with outsiders.Questions41-45:Answer the following questions briefly.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.41.According to the author,what are the five common criteria of an insider?42.How do automatic insiders differ from selected ones?43.What example does the author give to show that insiders are treated differently from outsiders?44.According to the author,what makes it difficult for a Chinese person to develop a personal relationship with a stranger?45.What might be an appropriate title for this passage?Section IV Communication Analysis[20points]The following are two cases of cross-cultural communication.In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon.Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.Your analysis should be about100words for each case. You may organize your analysis in accordance with the following procedure:why did the people involved behave so from the cultural perspective?What behaviors caused the misunderstanding in the case?What corrective behaviors do you suggest to each party in the case?Note:Your writing ability will be assessed.Case1(10points)Li Hong is a new teacher in a middle school.One day,one of her Chinese colleague Yang Zhen introduces her to their middle-aged foreign teacher Maggy.Yang:Li Hong,this is Maggy,our English teacher from America.And Maggy,this is Li Hong,our new colleague.Li and Maggy:How do you do?Maggy:Your sweater is so smart.Li:Oh,it is only an old one,I bought it last year.Maggy:You are so young and smart,I am sure you are a good teacher.Li:No,no.I am just a newcomer,I should learn from you old teachers.Maggy looks surprised and thinks,"I am really so old?"Question46:Why did Li and Maggy behave so from the cultural perspective?What behaviors caused the misunderstanding in the case?What corrective behaviors do you suggest to Li and Maggy to avoid miscommunication?Case2(10points)Li has returned to China after a year in the States.He marries his childhood sweetheart,who has never traveled and speaks very little English.Li's best friend in the States,Bob,comes to visit China for the first time and is introduced to Wang Lan,the new wife of his best friend."Gee,it's great to meet you",says Bob,"Li talked about you all the time back in Houston!",and kisses Wang Lan heartily on both cheeks.Wang Lan is shocked.Question47:Why did Bob and Wang Lan behave so from the cultural perspective?What behaviors caused the misunderstanding in the case?What corrective behaviors do you suggest to Bob and Wang Lan to avoid miscommunication?《跨文化交际》考试参考答案Section I Listening Test[20points]Part1.(10points,2points each.)1.B2.A3.D4.A5.CPart2.(10points,1point each.0.5point off for each misspelling.)6.root7.approachmunities9.shape10.logic11.grammar12.conflictpleting14.disclosure15.gesturesSection II Communicative Competence[30points](30points,2points each.)16.C17.C18.B19.D20.A21.C22.D23.B24.D25.A26.A27.C28.B29.C30.BSection III Reading Comprehension[30points]Part1.(10points.Award2points to each correct answer.)31.T32.F33.NM34.F35.TPart2.(10points.Award2points to each correct answer.)36.C37.D38.A39.C40.BPart3.(10points)Award2points to each correct answer.41.The five common criteria of an insider are nice,trustworthy,caring,helpful,and empathetic.42.Automatic insiders include one's parents,siblings,relatives,colleagues,and classmates, whereas selected ones are special relations that one has developed over time at work or elsewhere.43.A Chinese person may go beyond his or her means to help an insider,but an outsider has to follow the rules.44.The importance of family and the sense of dependency built up in the Chinese family system (or value standards applied to in-groups may not be readily adapted to out-groups).45.In-Groups and Out-Groups in China;Interpersonal Relations in China;Relating Foreigners in China,etc.Section IV Communication Analysis[30points]The sample answers given in this part are more detailed than required in order to lead you through the three steps.In the examination,the students'analysis for each case should be about100words. Question46.Case1(10points,1point for overall language quality.)1.Li Hong comes from a collectivist culture which emphasizes deference paid to people older than self and modesty displayed on the part of the young.Maggy comes from an individualistic culture which values assertiveness and free expression of feelings.(2points)2.As a young and new teacher,Li Hong showed her respect to Maggy with a formal greeting. When Maggy complimented Li on her sweater and herself,Li reacted in a typical Chinese way by overusing modesty in front of a teacher older than her.She displayed her humbleness by saying that her sweater was an old one and she should learn from Maggy,an old teacher.Li's responses are perfect between Chinese people but terrible in cross-cultural situations like this.She did not realize that her expression of respect could be translated into offence since individualistic cultures do not associate as much deference with age as collectivistic cultures do.Therefore,Maggy, coming from an individualistic culture,was surprised when Li called her"old teacher".Maggy did not understand that the word"old"here meant as a compliment,meaning that she had richer teaching experience.Both Li Hong and Maggy communicated only from their cultural perspectives and thus caused miscommunication.(3points)3.To avoid miscommunication,Li Hong and Maggy should learn more about each other's culture and adjust their behaviors accordingly.When Maggy complimented Li on her sweater and herself, Li could simply reply"thank you".She could use her non-verbal language to show her respect to Maggy,for instance,with a smile,a handshake,etc.(2points)As to Maggy,she could use fewer complimentary words or more objective questions to reduce Li's nervousness.She should also understand that one of the key values in collectivism is deference paid to experience and old age. (2points)Question47.Case2(10points,1point for overall language quality.)1.Bob comes from an individualistic culture which features close body contact among personal relationships.Wang Lan comes from a collectivistic culture which does not feature open display of personal feelings through body contact.(2points)2.In the case,Bob treated Wang Lan as a close friend and greeted her in a typical western way with hearty kisses on her cheeks to display the close friendship.However,with little knowledge of western greeting etiquette,Wang Lan was shocked since Bob's"rude"behavior was not in line with the Chinese ways of expressing close friendship.In Chinese culture,a hearty handshake will serve the purpose.It is the contrast of Bob's open expression of closeness through close body contact and Wang Lan's indirectness in expressing her feelings that caused miscommunication.(3 points)3.To avoid miscommunication,Bob and Wang Lan need to learn more about each other's culture and adjust their behaviors accordingly.Bob should ask Wang Lan if he could kiss her to express his friendship or he could shake hands with Wang Lan instead.(2points)Wang Lan needs to understand that the kisses were well meant and does not have to feel embarrassed or shocked.She could act more actively by extending her hand out first for a handshake rather than behave passively.(2points)。
跨文化交际与翻译真题2015.6.5临床专业一、案例分析(答题说明：每题10分，合计10.0分。
)1. Situation: Two Americans, Bill and Tony, are talking about Tony’s unhappy experience with his Chinese college.Bill: Hi, Tony. How’re you doing?Tony: Fine. Just got back from visiting the home of one of my Chinese colleagues.Bill: Oh, have a good time?Tony: Oh yes, very good. Mind you, I was bit hurt about the way they treated my present. You see, I know they like western music so I brought them back some of the latest tapes from the UK. Had them all wrapped up beautifully and gave them to them as soon as I got inside the door and what do you think happened?Bill: What?Tony: Nothing. Well, more or less, they said thank you but then just put them away in a corner. Didn’t even bother to unwrap them. I must say I felt a bit miffed after all the trouble I’d taken.参考答案：答题点：Gift giving in the West三、跨文化单选(答题说明：每题1分，合计15.0分。
)C22. Cathy is talking to her friends Bill and Tod outside the cinema. Cathy: Well, what did you think of the film, then?Bill: Oh, I thought it was great. Didn’t you think so?Tod:A) Well, maybe.B) No, I don’t like it.C) Yes, in a way. But I’ve seen better.D) Yes. I dare say you’re right. But I’ve seen better.D23. At Samantha’s flat, Ruth has just told Sandy that she is really fed up with her present job.Sandy: Well, Ruth, maybe you ought to try and get another one. It shouldn’t be too hard for someone like you.Ruth:Yes, I could do that, I suppose. Well, I can think about it anyway. Sandy:A) Yes, you do that.B) That’s the spirit.C) That’s your way out.D) Good.D24. Beth is talking to her friend, Brenda.Beth: I wonder if you’d mind posting this letter for me on your way home, Brenda?Brenda:A) You’re welcome.B) I don’t care.C) I don’t mind.D) Sure.A25. Situation: Xiao Ma is an interpreter. One day a foreign visitor, Mr Yoder, talks to him.Yoder: Your English is quite fluent.Ma:A) Thank you. It’s kind of you to say so.B) No, no, my English is poor.C) No, not at all.D) Oh, no. Far from that, I still have a long way to go.B26. Betty is a foreign student in China. She has met Zheng Yu.Betty: I was told that you won the 100-meter race in the all city track meet this morning. Congratulations!Zheng Yu:A) Just lucky.B) Thank you.C) I can’t say I did well this morning.D) I could have done better if it hadn’t been so cold.B27. Y our friend’s mother, Mrs Yoder, asked if you would like something to eat. What would you say to refuse politely?A) Not for the moment, thank you, Mrs Yoder. I’m full.B) No, thanks, I’ve just had lunch.C) Oh, no, Mrs Yoder. I haven’t long had lunch.D) I’m full and have no room for any more.A28. Mr Timms has arrived for a meeting which, unfortunately, has been cancelled.Mrs Banks: I’m terribly sorry about not letting you know sooner, Mr Timmes, but unfortunately it was cancelled at the last minute and there simply wasn’t enough time to inform everyone.Mr Timms:A) Oh, don’t let it worry you, Mrs Banks. I quite understand.B) Oh, that’s OK, Mrs Banks. I understand.C) Oh, it doesn’t matter, Mrs Banks.D) Oh, don’t worry about it, Mrs Banks.B29. If you are attending a family gathering and would like to know what the familial relationship is between one member and another, you may ask:A) Is he your…?B) How are you related?C) Who’s tha t woman?D) What’s the relationship between you and that woman?A30. On the way to the school cinema, Li saw Professor Blake walking to the cinema, too.Li:A) Good afternoon, Professor Blake.B) Are you going to the film?C) Where are you going?D) You’re going to the film, aren’t you?A31. When introducing yourself to someone you don’t know at a party, what would you say?A) Hi, I’m …B) May I introduce myself to you and at the same time I make your acquaintance7C) Hi, I’d like to meet you.D) Hi, I’m … Do you know many people here?B32. Jack phones Xiao Song’s office.Jack: Hello, I’d like to speak to Song Hua, please.Song:A) I’m Song Hua.B) This is Song Hua speaking.C) This is me.D) It’s me here.D33. You’ve just been asked out to dinner but you don’t want to go with the person who invited you. You might say:A) I don’t think so. I already have plans.B) No, I really don’t enjoy being with you.C) I’m dieting so I mustn’t go out to eat.D) Than ks a lot but I’m busy tonight.B34. Lucy met his teacher, Mrs South, outside the library.Lucy: Good morning, Lucy. How are you?Mrs South: Very well, thank you, Lucy, and how are you?Lucy:A) Oh, can’t complain.B) I’m very well, too, thank you.C) Same old thing.D) OK.B35. Mr Green’s secretary, Pat Kent, went to the airport to meet Mr Barnes for her boss.What would Miss Kent say when she meet Mr Barnes?A) Excuse me, would you be Mr Barnes?B) Are you Mr Barnes?C) Excuse me, would you please tell me if you are Mr Barnes?D) You are Mr Barnes, aren’t you?A36. Patrick is sitting in a car with some friends. He has just asked if anyone minds him smoking. One of the friends in the car, Gillian, is allergic to smoke. What would she say?A) Would you mind if I said no, Patrick?B) Can’t you stay without smoking?C) It’s not OK.D) No, of course not.43-47 题共用题干：Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged. The world’s three top central bankers are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters, as are the world’s five rich est men （Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht）.Can this merely be coincidence？One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot setsin early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So shortsighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, and lists of conference speakers: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.A43. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAA cars and Zodiac ears?A）A kind of overlooked inequality.B）A type of conspicuous bias.C）A type of personal prejudice.D）A kind of brand discrimination.D44. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?A）In both East and West, names are essential to success.B）The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoe Zysman.C）Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.D）Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.C45. The 4th paragraph suggests that ______.A）questions are often put to the more intelligent studentsB）alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from classC）teachers should pay attention to all of their studentsD）students should be seated according to their eyesightB46. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” in Paragraph 5?A）They are getting impatient.B）They are noisily dozing off.C）They are feeling humiliated.D）They are busy with word puzzles.D47. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text？A）People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated. B）VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.C）The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go. D）Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.48-52 题共用题干：What the dream-phantasy does with the physical stimuli cannot be regarded as purposeful. The phantasy plays a tantalizing game with them, and represents the organic source of the stimuli of the dream in questionby any sort of plastic symbolism. Indeed, Scherner holds that the dream-phantasy has a certain favorite symbol for the organism as a whole: namely, the house. Fortunately, however, for its representations, it does not seem to limit itself to this material; it may also employ a whole series of houses to designate a single organ; for example, very long streets of houses for the intestinal stimulus. In other dreams particular parts of the house may actually represent particular regions of the body, as in the headache-dream, when the ceiling of the room （which the dream sees covered with disgusting toad-like spiders）represents the head.Quite apart from the symbol of the house, any other suitable object may be employed to represent those parts of the body which excite the dream. Thus the breathing lungs find their symbol in the flaming stove with its windy roaring, the heart in hollow chests and baskets, the bladder in round, ball-shaped, or simply hollow objects. It is particularly noteworthy that at the end of such a physically stimulated dream the phantasy, as it were, unmasks itself by representing the exciting organ or its functio n unconcealed. Thus the “tooth-excited dream” usually ends with the dreamer taking a tooth out of his mouth.The dream-phantasy may, however, direct its attention not merely to the form of the exciting organ, but may even make the substance contained therein the object of symbolization. Thus, for example, the dream excited by the intestinal stimuli may lead us through muddy streets,the dream due to stimuli from the bladder to foaming water. Or the stimulus as such, the nature of its excitation, and the object which it covets, are represented symbolically. Or, again, the dream-ego enters into a concrete association with the symbolization of its own state; as, for example, when in the case of painful stimuli we struggle desperately with vicious dogs or raging bulls. Disregarding all the possible lengthiness of elaboration, a phantastic symbolizing activity remains as the central force of every dream.B48. The dream-phantasy tends to represent the organism as a whole by ______.A）a symbol B）a house C）a street D）a symbolA49. According to the passage, which symbolization is probable in a dream?A）a ceiling covered with spiders represents a head.B）spiders represent a room.C）roaring wind represents a breathing lung.D）a ball represents a heart in chest.C50. According to the passage, at the end of a physically stimulated dream, ______.A）the dreamer dreams to take a tooth out of his mouthB）the dreamer dreams to take off his maskC）the phantasy usually reveals which organ excited the dreamD）the phantasy becomes very clear and excitingD51. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A）Dreams can be excited by the intestinal stimuli.B）The dream-phantasy may not direct its attention to the exciting organ. C）Vicious dogs or raging bulls are commonly seen in bad dreams.D）When we dream of foaming water, we may be feeling unwell in bladder.A52. What does the passage mainly talk about?A）The dream-phantasy, physical stimuli and symbolization.B）The dream-phantasy plays an interesting game with physical stimuli. C）Parts of the body excite the dream.D）Phantasy is the central force of dreams.53-57 题共用题干：In our culture, the sources of what we call a sense of “mastery”—feeling important and worth-while, and the sources of what we call a sense “pleasure”—finding life enjoyable are not always identical. Women often are told “You can’t have it all.” Someti mes what the speaker really is saying is: “You chose a career, so you can’t expect tohave closer relationships or a happy family life.” or “You have a wonderful husband and children—What’s all this about wanting a career?” But women need to understand and develop both aspects of well-being, if they are to feel good about themselves.Our study shows that, for women, well-being has two dimensions. One is mastery, which includes self-esteem, a sense of control over your life, and low levels of anxiety and depression. Mastery is closely related to the “doing” side of life, to work and activity. Pleasure is the other dimensions, and it is composed of happiness, satisfaction and optimism. It is tied more closely to the “feeling” side of life. The two are independent of each other. A woman could be high in mastery and low in pleasure, and vice versa. For example, a woman who has a good job, but whose mother has just died, might be feeling very good about herself and in control of her work life, but the pleasure side could be damaged for a time.The concepts of mastery and pleasure can help us identify the sources of well-being for women, and remedy past mistakes. In the past, women were encouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the source of all well-being. But we know that both mastery and pleasure are critical. And mastery seems to be achieved largely through work. In our study, all the groups of employed women rated significantly higher in mastery than did women who were not employed.A woman’s well-being is enhanced when she takes on multiple roles. At least by middle adulthood, the women who were involved in a combination of roles—marriages, motherhood, and employment were the highest in well-being, despite warnings about stress and strain.D53. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ______.A）for women, a sense of “mastery” is more important than a sense of “pleasure”B）for women, a sense of “pleasure” is more important than a sense of “mastery”C）women can’t have a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” at the same timeD）a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” are both indispensable to womenB54. The author’s attitude towards women having a career is ______. A）critical B）positive C）neutral D）realisticD55. One can conclude from the passage that if a woman takes on several social roles, ______.A）it will be easier for her to overcome stress and strainB）she will be more successful in her careerC）her chances of getting promoted will be greaterD）her life will be richer and more meaningfulA56. Which of the following can be identified as a source of “pleasure” for women?A）Family life.B）Regular employment.C）Multiple roles in society.D）Freedom from anxiety.C57. The mo st appropriate title for the passage would be “______”.A）The Well-being of Career WomenB）Sources of Mastery and PleasureC）Two Aspects of Women’s Well-beingD）Freedom Roles Women in Society案例分析范围：gift giving，ethnicentrism ，self reliance，polite invitation，attitude toward compliment ，democracy，都在课件上或者课本上出现过。
