2018年上海闵行生命科学一模试卷及答案

闵行区2018学年第一学期质量调研考试生命科学试卷（高二、高三年级）考生注意：1 .全卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间60分钟。

2 .本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

3 .答题前，务必在答题纸上用钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔清楚填写学校、姓名及考生号, 并填涂考生号。

4 .作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

一.选择题（共40分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个正确答案）1.基因编辑是指对基因组进行定点修饰的一项技术。

此技术可以改变生物多样性中的A .遗传多样性 B.细胞多样性 C.物种多样性 D.生态系统多样性2 .图1所示化合物的虚框①~④中，属于某一氨基酸R基的是S ④CH3 O H :H'I f o"]I II I / 讣一c —C —N —C—C1i.H H OHj图1A. ①B.②C.③D.④3.使用目镜测微尺在显微镜的高倍镜40 X下测得蚕豆叶下表皮一个保卫细胞的长占16格，换用低倍镜10X后，该保卫细胞的长所占格数是A.4B. 8C. 164 .原核细胞和真核细胞在结构上最主要的区别是A .细胞大小不同 B.有无细胞器 C.有无DNA5 .图2中甲物质为ADP，其转变为乙物质时需要提供A. 磷酸、酶、腺苷和能量B.能量、腺苷和酶C.磷酸、能量和酶D.磷酸、能量6.图3是人体内物质代谢的部分示意图，字母代表物质，数字代表过程。

下列叙述正确的是A .①表示转氨基作用B. ②也存在于脂肪代谢中C. 葡萄糖转变为物质X的过程发生于线粒体中D. 物质Y是丙酮酸D. 32D.有无成形的细胞核图37 .将紫色洋葱鳞叶外表皮细胞置于 30%蔗糖溶液中数分钟后，用清水引流，重复多次，此过程中图 4细胞发生的变化是 A. ①区扩大，②区紫色变浅 B .①区缩小，②区紫色加深C.①区扩大，②区紫色不变D.①区缩小，②区紫色变浅图48•在受涝时，植物根部会进行短时的无氧呼吸。

大部分植物细胞无氧呼吸时产生 A.乙醇和CO 2B.孚L 酸和CO 2C.CO 2和H 2OD.乙醇和H 2O9 •为研究细菌F 的生理活动，兴趣小组设计实施了如表1的实验，此实验的结论是步骤 培养皿1 培养皿2 1 淀粉固体培养基 淀粉固体培养基2接种细菌F未接种3培养2人后往培养基中加碘液培养2人后往培养基中加碘液结果 菌落周围为无色透明圈，其余呈蓝色 培养基表面呈蓝色 A .淀粉遇碘显蓝色 B.细菌F 能分泌淀粉酶10. 图5为细胞周期模式图，下列叙述 错误的是 A .与DNA 复制有关的酶合成于 Y 期B. 选择2期细胞诊断染色体遗传病C. 3期细胞完成染色单体分离D. 4期末消失的细胞结构有核仁、核膜 11.基因型为AaBb 的马铃薯要得到基因型为 aabb 的后代，可采用的生殖方式是 A. 分裂生殖 B.出芽生殖 C.营养繁殖D.有性生殖12 •肝脏细胞将甘油三酯运送到血液的脂蛋白形式是13•某地区甲虫的抗药性如图 6所示，据图判断 A. 农药引起了原始甲虫的变异 B. 原始甲虫发生了定向变异 C. 抗药强的甲虫发生了进化 D. 农药对甲虫的抗药性状进行了选择 14.以下技术与应用匹配 不正确的是 A .核移植技术一一培养鲤鲫核质杂交鱼C.细菌F 能利用碘液 D.此淀粉固体培养基无杂菌污染A. 高密度脂蛋白（HDL ）B. 低密度脂蛋白（LDL ）C.极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL ）D.乳糜微粒（CM ） 中抗药性图5西伉药性 XB. 干细胞技术一一提供用于移植的细胞或器官C. 细胞融合技术一一培育单倍体植物D.酶的固定化技术一一固定a淀粉酶连续水解废水中的淀粉15 •图7为反射弧模式图，下列叙述错误的是A.①为感受器，④为神经中枢B. ③处兴奋时膜电位为内正外负C. ⑥内通过化学物质传递信息D. 增加⑤处细胞外Na+浓度，⑤处兴奋时膜内外电位差的峰值下降16 .图8表示不同浓度生长素溶液对某植物芽生长的影响，可正确解释植物呈宝塔状株形的顶芽和侧芽的生长素浓度组合是A.顶芽m，侧芽nB.顶芽n,侧芽gC.顶芽i，侧芽gD.顶芽i，侧芽m17.下列关于“性状分离比模拟实验”的叙述正确的是①①取2个相同小桶，在每桶内放入2种颜色的相同小球各10个②摇匀后从两桶内各随机抓取1个小球，记录后分别放回原桶，如此重复50次③统计每种小球组合和每种组合对应性状的合计数、占总数的百分率④统计小组的结果比全班的结果更接近孟德尔试验的分离比A .①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④18•若图9所示果蝇的一个原始生殖细胞产生了一个基因型为配子，则同时产生的另外三个子细胞的基因型是A.aX B、AY、AYB.AX B、aY、aYC.AX B、aY、AYD. AY、aX B、aX B19.图10曲线表示某健康成年人饮1升清水后的尿生成速率,D.②③④图9分析0.5(h)~1.5(h)时段内其血浆渗透压随时间的变化是A. 先升后降B. 先降后升C. 持续上升图10D.持续下降20.图11为胰岛素降低血糖浓度的部分作用机理模式图，下列分析错误的是A .胰岛素起信号分子的作用，促进葡萄糖进入细胞从而降低血糖B. 胰岛素能促进细胞合成蛋白质、脂肪和糖原C. 若药物抑制细胞内ATP的合成，会促进葡萄糖进入细胞的速率D. 若体内出现胰岛素受体的抗体，会发生2型糖尿病ATP ADP-Pi「褊诙化'1醴・蛋白质、脂肪、糖壊的合咸图11二、综合分析题（共60分）（一）生命的基础（12分）功能结构编号 细胞生长、发育、分裂增殖的调控中心[] 与蛋白质的加工、运输及脂类代谢有关[]22. __________________________________________________________ （2分）如图12,经过①②③过程分泌到细胞外的物质是 _________________________________ A. ATP 合成酶B .载体蛋白C .抗体D .雄激素23. （2分）用3H-亮氨酸（一次性提供一定量）标记细胞内的分泌蛋白，追踪不同时间 具有放射性的分泌蛋白颗粒在细胞内分布情况和运输过程，其中正确的是____25. （ 2分）柠檬酸合成酶是参与三羧酸循环的一种酶， 由核基因控制合成。

2018年奉贤区高考生命科学一模卷本试卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间为60分钟。

请在答题纸上填写学校、 姓名、座位号。

答案全部涂、写在答题纸上，不要超过答题框，否则不得分。

一、选择题洪40分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个正确答案）1•图1是某生物的形态结构图，该生物与酵母菌均有的物质是 A.RNA B.磷脂C. 葡萄糖D.DNA2•在做了 细胞的观察和测量”实验后，小勇做了以下描述，正确的是①蚕豆叶下表皮细胞不规则，彼此嵌合着 ①蚕豆叶下表皮细胞呈长方形，排列紧密①蚕豆叶下表皮细胞之间分布着成对的保卫细胞 ①若在低倍镜下观察到保卫细胞物像模糊，轻轻地转动转换器使高倍镜到位再观察 ①测量细胞长度时，应尽量使目镜测微尺与被测细胞平行并重叠A. ①①①B.①①①C.①④①D.①①①3•肽酶可以水解图2所示化合物，图中能被肽酶作用的化学键是A. ①B. ①C. ①D. ①4•小西做了 颤藻和水绵细胞的比较观察 ”实验后，对两者的描述C 用％表示 无” V 表示 有”,正确的是ilH tl1 IiII N —C —C —C-S-C-COOli®l冋 l®lII®HH RD H ft^2罔1水编 B.水绵叶编休V X叶掃体V X 染色两曲逼结构染色石周宦第沟J XC,忒绵 D.水绵叶绿体X叶绿体XX R色后固定结构X其活性成分是乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的表面抗原（HBsAg）。

F列构成病原微生物的组成成分中，最适合用来制备疫苗的是A. 大肠杆菌的ATPB.HIV病毒的RNAC.霉菌的氨基酸D.流感病毒的衣壳蛋白6.19世纪40年代美国科学家斯蒂瓦特（F.Steward）用悬浮培养法培养野生胡萝卜的根韧皮部细胞，图3为其示意图，有关叙述错误的是A. ①过程表示脱分化，该过程中遗传物质并未改变B. 该实验证明高度分化的植物细胞具有全能性C. ①过程表示再分化，该过程中遗传物质并未改变D. 动物的单个高度分化细胞也可经上述过程培养成新个体7•图4是人类卵细胞形成过程示意图，I? V表示卵细胞形成过程中不同的细胞名称，阿拉伯数字代表染色体数，细胞内有同源染色体的是细胞A. ①5•乙型肝炎疫苗己经使用了许多年,图3B. ①①C. ①①①D①①①V W8•在验证生长素类似物A对小麦胚芽鞘（幼苗）生长影响的实验中，将取得的切段浸入蒸馏水中1小时后，再分别转入5种浓度的A溶液（实验组）和含糖的磷酸盐缓冲液（对照组）中，逐一测量切段长度（取每组平均值），实验进行两次，据所学知识及图5，下列表述中错误的是A. 该实验不能说明A的作用具有两重性B. 浓度0.001mg/L的A可促进切段的生长C. 浓度为O.1mg/L的A时实验二所得数据与实验一偏差较大, 在做原始记录时对该数据应舍弃D. 与浓度为lmg/L的A结果相比，浓度为10mg/L的溶液□实蹩一10,0-±11M0 0.001 0.1 I (mc/l )网忑岡庶虔備几需櫃吐理切茂旳氓范円忌A.基因突变，性状改变B.基因突变，性状没有改变对切段的影响是促进伸长的作用减弱9•小西做了探究植物细胞外界溶液浓度与质壁分离的关系的实验后，据图6信息，判断下列叙述错误的是A. B表不原生质层长度，A表不田6细胞长度C.若将正常的洋葱外表皮细胞分别置于10%、20%和30%蔗糖溶液中，可观察到细胞的A值基本不变D. 图中B/A值愈大，说明细胞质壁分离程度越高10•用人工诱变的方法使黄色短杆菌的某基因模板链的部分脱氧核苷酸序列发生如下变化:CCGCTAAC—CCGCTGACG ，那么黄色短杆菌将发生的变化和结果是（可能用到的密码子:天冬氨酸一GAU、GAC ;丙氨酸一GCA、GCU、GCC、GCG）13.人类的ABO 血型系统中，戶和产为共显性基因，对/均为显性。

图1图2图3闵行区2018学年第一学期质量调研考试生命科学试卷(高二、高三年级)考生注意：1．全卷共8页，满分100分，考试时间60分钟。

2．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

3．答题前，务必在答题纸上用钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔清楚填写学校、姓名及考生号，并填涂考生号。

4．作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

一．选择题（共40分，每小题2分。

每小题只有一个正确答案）1．基因编辑是指对基因组进行定点修饰的一项技术。

此技术可以改变生物多样性中的 A .遗传多样性 B .细胞多样性 C .物种多样性 D .生态系统多样性2．图1所示化合物的虚框①~④中，属于某一氨基酸R 基的是A .①B .②C .③D .④3．使用目镜测微尺在显微镜的高倍镜40×下测得蚕豆叶下表皮一个保卫细胞的长占16格，换用低倍镜10×后，该保卫细胞的长所占格数是 A .4B .8C .16D .324．原核细胞和真核细胞在结构上最主要的区别是 A .细胞大小不同B .有无细胞器C .有无DNAD .有无成形的细胞核5．图2中甲物质为ADP ，其转变为乙物质时需要提供 A .磷酸、酶、腺苷和能量 B .能量、腺苷和酶 C .磷酸、能量和酶D .磷酸、能量6．图3是人体内物质代谢的部分示意图，字母代表物质，数字代 表过程。

下列叙述正确的是 A .①表示转氨基作用 B .②也存在于脂肪代谢中C .葡萄糖转变为物质X 的过程发生于线粒体中D .物质Y 是丙酮酸图4图5图67．将紫色洋葱鳞叶外表皮细胞置于30%蔗糖溶液中数分钟后，用清水 引流，重复多次，此过程中图4细胞发生的变化是 A .①区扩大，②区紫色变浅 B .①区缩小，②区紫色加深 C .①区扩大，②区紫色不变 D .①区缩小，②区紫色变浅 8．在受涝时，植物根部会进行短时的无氧呼吸。

大部分植物细胞无氧呼吸时产生A .乙醇和CO 2B .乳酸和CO 2C .CO 2和H 2OD .乙醇和H 2O9．为研究细菌F 的生理活动，兴趣小组设计实施了如表1的实验，此实验的结论是A .淀粉遇碘显蓝色B .细菌F 能分泌淀粉酶C .细菌F 能利用碘液D .此淀粉固体培养基无杂菌污染10.图5为细胞周期模式图，下列叙述错误．．的是11．基因型为AaBb 的马铃薯要得到基因型为aabb 的后代，可采用的生殖方式是A .分裂生殖B .出芽生殖C .营养繁殖D .有性生殖12．肝脏细胞将甘油三酯运送到血液的脂蛋白形式是 A .高密度脂蛋白（HDL ） B .低密度脂蛋白（LDL ） C .极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL ） D .乳糜微粒（CM ）13．某地区甲虫的抗药性如图6所示，据图判断A .农药引起了原始甲虫的变异B .原始甲虫发生了定向变异C .抗药强的甲虫发生了进化D .农药对甲虫的抗药性状进行了选择 14．以下技术与应用匹配不正确．．．的是 A .核移植技术——培养鲤鲫核质杂交鱼 B .干细胞技术——提供用于移植的细胞或器官 C .细胞融合技术——培育单倍体植物D .酶的固定化技术——固定α淀粉酶连续水解废水中的淀粉A .与DNA 复制有关的酶合成于Y 期B .选择2期细胞诊断染色体遗传病C .3期细胞完成染色单体分离D .4期末消失的细胞结构有核仁、核膜图8 图9图10图1115．图7为反射弧模式图，下列叙述错误．．的是16．图8表示不同浓度生长素溶液对某植物芽生长 的影响，可正确解释植物呈宝塔状株形的顶芽和 侧芽的生长素浓度组合是17．下列关于“性状分离比模拟实验”的叙述正确的是 ①取2个相同小桶，在每桶内放入2种颜色的相同小球各10个②摇匀后从两桶内各随机抓取1个小球，记录后分别放回原桶，如此重复50次 ③统计每种小球组合和每种组合对应性状的合计数、占总数的百分率 ④统计小组的结果比全班的结果更接近孟德尔试验的分离比 A .①②③B .①②④C .①③④D .②③④18．若图9所示果蝇的一个原始生殖细胞产生了一个基因型为aX B 配子，则同时产生的另外三个子细胞的基因型是 A .aX B 、AY 、AY B .AX B 、aY 、aY C .AX B 、aY 、AYD .AY 、aX B 、aX B19．图10曲线表示某健康成年人饮1升清水后的尿生成速率，分析0.5(h)~1.5(h)时段内其血浆渗透压随时间的变化是20．图11为胰岛素降低血糖浓度的部分作用机理模式图，下列分析错误．．的是A .①为感受器，④为神经中枢B .③处兴奋时膜电位为内正外负C .⑥内通过化学物质传递信息D .增加⑤处细胞外Na +浓度，⑤处兴奋时膜内外电位差的峰值下降A .顶芽m ，侧芽nB .顶芽n ，侧芽gC .顶芽i ，侧芽gD .顶芽i ，侧芽mA .先升后降B .先降后升C .持续上升D .持续下降A .胰岛素起信号分子的作用，促进葡萄糖进入细胞从而降低血糖B .胰岛素能促进细胞合成蛋白质、脂肪和糖原C .若药物抑制细胞内ATP 的合成，会促进葡萄糖进入细胞的速率D .若体内出现胰岛素受体的抗体，会发生2型糖尿病图7二、综合分析题（共60分）（一）生命的基础（12分）图12为真核细胞结构及细胞内物质转运的示意图，其中①~⑥表示结构。

闵行区闵行区 2018 2018 学年第二学期质量调研考试学年第二学期质量调研考试学年第二学期质量调研考试 生命科学试卷(高二、高三年级)考生注意：1. 全卷共 8 页，满分 100 分，考试时间 60 分钟。

2. 本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上用钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔清楚填写自己的姓名、学校及考生号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。

4. 作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。

一．选择题（共 40 分，每小题 2 分。

每小题只有一个正确答案）1. 现代生物工程的核心技术是现代生物工程的核心技术是 A .发酵工程发酵工程 B .酶工程酶工程 C .细胞工程细胞工程 D .基因工程基因工程2. 图1 为某二肽化合物的结构示意图，虚框①~④表示其中的部分结构。

下列叙述错．误． 的是的是图1 A. ①是氨基，④是羧基B. 肽键②是连接氨基酸的化学键C. 形成②时脱去的水中，氢只来自氨基D.R 基③决定氨基酸的种类 3. 图2 是低倍镜下蚕豆叶下表皮保卫细胞长度测量的局部视野。

下列叙述正确的是 A. 换高倍镜可使图示保卫细胞移至视野中央 B. 换高倍镜后应调节粗调节器使物像清晰 C. 换高倍镜后目镜测微尺每小格代表的长度增加D .换高倍镜后图示保卫细胞所占的格数增加图 24. 表1 是对某食物样品液进行营养成分鉴定得到的最终颜色记录，据此判断该食物样品 所含的营养成分中一定含有A .蛋白质和脂肪蛋白质和脂肪B .淀粉和脂肪 C. 淀粉 D. 还原性糖表1 鉴定标本 鉴定用试剂 最终颜色1 双缩脲试剂 紫色2 苏丹Ⅲ染液 橘红色 3班氏试剂 蓝色 4碘液棕黄色第 1 页 共10 页5. 图3 代表新鲜菠菜叶光合色素纸层析的结果。

若以秋冬的银杏落叶 ④为材料，得到的色素带最可能是为材料，得到的色素带最可能是③ A .①②.①②B .②③.②③② C .①④.①④D .③④.③④①6. 当突然受到寒冷刺激，人体出现的反应是图3 A. 副交感神经兴奋性加强，肾上腺素分泌量增加 B. 交感神经兴奋性加强，肾上腺素分泌量增加 C. 副交感神经兴奋性加强，肾上腺素分泌量减少 D. 交感神经兴奋性加强，肾上腺素分泌量减少7.下列关于图下列关于图 4 的叙述错．误．的是的是 A. 结构①③④与蛋白质加工和运输有关 B. 结构②与细胞分裂有关C. 细胞连续分裂时结构⑤⑥会周期性消失和重建D. 结构⑥与核糖体的形成无关图4 8. 图5 是高倍镜视野中一个已发生质壁分离且形态趋 于稳定的紫色洋葱外表皮细胞，①②表示场所。

闵行区2018学年第一学期高三年级质量调研考试生命科学试卷本试卷分为第I卷（第1-5页）和第II卷（第5-12页）两部分。

全卷共12页。

满分150分。

考试时间为120分钟。

考生注意：1. 本次考试为机器阅卷，第I卷、第II卷的答案须填写在答题纸上，写在试卷上一律不给分。

考试后只交答题纸，试卷由考生自己保留。

答卷前，考生务必在答题纸上将学校、姓名及准考证号填写、涂清楚。

2．第I卷答题时，考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用2B铅笔涂黑，注意试题题号和答题纸编号一一对应，不能错位。

第I卷（共60分）一．单选题（每小题2分，共60分。

每小题只有一个正确选项。

）1．生物体的主要能源物质是A．核酸和脂类B．脂类和糖类C．核酸和蛋白质D．糖类和蛋白质2．用含32P的磷酸盐培养液培养动物细胞，一段时间后，细胞的结构以及化合物中可能具有放射性的是①脱氧核糖②核膜③ATP ④脂肪⑤转运RNA A．①③B．①③⑤C．②③⑤D．②③④⑤3．如图所示：甲图中①②表示目镜，③④表示物镜，⑤⑥表示物镜与载玻片之间的距离，乙和丙分别表示不同物镜下观察到的图像。

下面描述正确的是A．①比②的放大倍数大，③比④放大倍数小B．把视野里的标本从图中的乙转为丙时，应选用③，同时提升镜筒C．从乙转为丙，正确的调节顺序：转动转换器→调节光圈→移动标本→转动细调节器D．若使物像放大倍数最大，甲图中的组合一般是②③⑤4．有一条多肽链，分子式为C x H y O p N q S，将它彻底水解后，只得到下列四种氨基酸，分析推算可知，水解得到的氨基酸个数为A．q－1 B．q+1 C．p－1 D．p＋15．将一个细胞中的磷脂成分全部提取出来，将其在空气-水界面上铺成单分子层，结果测得单分子层的表面积相当于原来细胞膜表面积的两倍。

下列细胞实验与此结果最相符的是A．人的肝细胞B．蛙的红细胞C．洋葱鳞片叶表皮细胞D．大肠杆菌细胞6．选择正确的实验试剂是实验成功的关键。

2018年闵行区初三摸底测试化 学 试 题（时间：90分钟 满分：100分）相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 O-16 N-14 Cl-35.5 K-39一．选择题：（每小题只有一个正确答案，共20分）1．下列物质属于纯净物的是…………………………………………………………（ ） A ．分析纯的盐酸 B ．大理石 C ．胆矾 D ．煤2．下列都是生活中常见的现象，其中一个与其它三个有本质区别的是…………（ ）A ．樟脑丸升华B ．用木材制桌椅C ．人的呼吸D ．车胎爆炸3．某学生从网上查知：早在1993年，我国科学家已成功地制出了一种相对原子质量为18的氧原子，其原子的核外电子数为…………………………………………（ ） A. 8B. 10C. 16D. 184．人体中几种体液的正常pH 范围如下表：所列体液中酸性最强的是……………（ ）A ．血液B ．胃液C ．胆汁D ．唾液5．近来新闻媒体不断报道，我国频频发生小煤窑爆炸，造成重大的人员伤亡恶性事故，引起小煤窑爆炸的气体主要是…………………………………………………（ ） A ．CO B ．CO 2 C ．H 2 D ． CH 46．据报道，国家有关部门对家庭装饰材料进行抽样，发现具有毒气的污染材料占68%，它们会释放出300多种能引发多种疾病的有害物质，三氯乙烯就是其中的一种，它的化学式为C 2HCl 3，下面对三氯乙烯叙述正确的是…………………………（ ） A ．该物质有碳、氢、氯三种物质组成 B ．该物质是由三氯乙烯分子构成的化合物 C ．该物质是由多种原子构成的混合物D ．该物质中碳、氢、氯三种元素的质量比为2∶1∶37．我国三峡工程所提供的水电，相当于每年燃烧3000万吨原煤的火力发电厂产生的电能，因此三峡工程有助于控制……………………………………………………（ ） A ．白色污染 B ．臭氧层空洞 C ．温室效应 D ．农药、化肥的污染学校_______________________ 班级__________ 学号_________ 姓名______________ …………………………密○………………………………………封○………………………………………○线…………………………8．下列化学仪器，能用来直接加热的是………………………………………………（ ）A ．蒸发皿B ．集气瓶C ．烧杯D ．烧瓶9．一氧化氮是大气的污染的主要污染物之一，近几年来，又发现生物体内存在少量一氧化氮，它有扩张血管，增加记忆的功能。

2018年闵行区一模Ⅱ. Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案）（共20分）26. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from the others?A. admitB. familiarC. apologizeD. program27. It‘s common sense that everyone should respect and ta ke care of _____ old.A. aB. anC. theD. /28. Leaders from 20 countries and organizations attended the Hangzhou G20 Summit ____ September, 2016.A. onB. inC. atD. for29. Nichols set _____ early this morning for his farmhouse in California.A. withB. offC. aboutD. up30. The robot can do a lot of things for people. It is ______ one that I have ever seen.A. intelligentB. more intelligentC. most intelligentD. the most intelligent31. Nowadays more and more students return to _____ own countries after finishing their studies abroad.A. themB. theyC. themselvesD. their32. Jenny is a kind girl and she is getting on very well with all _____ girls in her class.A. othersB. otherC. the otherD. another33. The characters in the cartoon film Frozen look _____ and I like every one of them.A. wonderfullyB. nicelyC. beautifullyD. lovely34. Mr Jones expected the insurance company ____ him much money for the vase.A. paidB. payingC. to payD. pays35. Many schools in Shanghai introduce oral lessons to offer the students more chances to practise _____ English.A. speakingB. to speakC. speakD. spoke36. Steven came to China ten months ago and he _____ as an engineer since then.A. had workedB. is workingC. workedD. has worked37. The two boys ______ along the lake when they heard a loud cry for help.A. walkB. were walkingC. will walkD. have walked38. A lot of houses and buildings ____ in the earthquake which took place early this month.A. destroyedB. would destroyC. were destroyedD. will be destroyed39. I‘m going to buy my mum a b louse ______ I can think of a better idea for a present.A. becauseB. afterC. untilD. unless40. Mom hated the latest action movie, ______ Dad thought it was a good one.A. soB. andC. orD. but41. People rarely thought of planting more trees to prevent the land from disappearing, _______?A. di dn‘t theyB. did theyC. do theyD. don‘t they42. --_____ do most of the students in your school spend on their homework every day?--About two hours.A. How longB. How manyC. How muchD. How soon43. By the time Jack was ten, he _____ speak Greek and German fluently.A. wouldB. shouldC. mightD. could44. –I will be away for a while. Would you mind looking after my luggage?–______.A. Never mind.B. That‘s great.C. Not at all.D. Don‘t mention it.45. –In my opinion, dogs are better pets than any other animal.–______ They are really faithful and helpful to humans.A. I don‘t think so.B. I agree.C. That‘s all right.D. I am afraid not.Ⅲ. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each can only be used onceEvery school has its own rules. Most school rules keep students away from danger and help them to ___46___ study. But there are some school rules which are very strange or even funny. Here are some of these rules. At some American schools, students must have a pair of indoor shoes to change into at school. This will ___47___ students won‘t fall over on floors and keep the schools clean. What‘s more, gum chewing is not allowed in many American school buil dings, as gum is difficult to clean up. In order to protect students‘ ___48___, some schools in New York don‘t allow students to tell others whether or not they have been accepted into college. And to make students feel better, many schools in the U.K. do not give ___49___ to the students who actually win at something, but to all students.Have you noticed your life becoming much easier? Now, when you go to a certain shopping mall, you can enjoy its free Wi-Fi there. When you want to take a taxi, you can book one with your phone. In fact, all these can be seen as the ___50___ parts of a smart city.In 2009, Dubuque became the first smart city in the US. The city used smart water meters to take the place of ___51___ ones. They can detect（探测）water waste and leakage（泄漏）and send data to let the house owner know. The same system is used for other city resources like electricity and natural gas. This way, people know how they use their resources and are glad to help ___52___ waste.Santander in Spain also gives us a look at the future. If people point a phone toward a nearby bus stop, the phone immediately shows all bus lines that serve the stop as well as their arrival times. The government ___53___ a research team and provided an App（应用程序）that collects data on almost everything: light, temperature, and the movements of cars and people. Opening the App near a supermarket provides immediate information on special offers.Ⅳ. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms54. The pleasant ________ of his childhood often come back to him and make him cheerful.55. Americans celebrate their Independence Day on the ________ of July every year.（four）56. It was the first time Jack felt he had achieved something by ________.（he）57. Tents in _______ shapes and sizes can be seen in the park on sunny days.（variety）58. Don‘t worry. Everyone will be shown how to _______ the new machines.（operation）59. Pierre has been very ill ________. I hope he will feel better soon.（recent）60. Keeping pe ts is a _______ and I‘m sure I‘ve been ready for that.（responsible）61. It‘s wrong of them to use ________ methods to make money.（honest）Ⅴ. Rewrite the following sentences as required62. The elderly fisherman controlled his raft easily in the river.（改为一般疑问句）_______ the elderly fisherman _______ his raft easily in the river?63. He has interviewed each of them separately to find out the truth.（对划线部分提问）_______ _______ he interviewed each of them separately?64. We will divide the students into five groups to carry out the project.（改为被动语态）The students will _______ _______ into five groups to carry out the project.65. She is working hard in order to get everything ready in time.（保持句意基本不变）She is working hard _______ _______ everything can be ready in time.66. It is exciting to realize that we can do anything we want.（改为感叹句）________ ________ it is to realize that we can do anything we want!67. Did Maggie fly to New York alone? He wonders.（改为宾语从句）He wonders _______ Maggie _______ to New York alone.68. important, for your brain, is, to work properly, healthy food（连词成句）__________________________________________________________________阅读理解A. Choose the best answer（根据以下内容，选择最恰当的答案）（12分）Mr Testtube has found three interesting articles at the website for his students.Cambridge University‘s‗doctor of chocolate‘Cambridge University is looking for someone to study the method of preserving chocolates in hot weather. It is a sweet job for a sweet tooth. However, the person needs to be good at math. Chocolate has a melting point close to our body temperature. For that reason, chocolate melts easily in hot weather. You might think the advertisement from Cambridge University is ridiculou s, but if there is really a‗doctor of chocolate,‘he or she will help people a lot.One logo（商标）isn‘t too expensive to print because it doesn‘t need much ink, but printing a large number of logos could cost a lot. In order to save money and energy, an American design company made small changes to some famous brands, such as Nike, McDonald‘s and Starbucks, to cut the cost. The design company retained the main body of these logos, but left an empty space inside. The logos look almost the same, but in this way, the famous brands could save 39 percent of the ink during the printing process. Let‘s hope other companies will take this advice. The measure will save them money and use less energy, too.Funny menu for childrenDining out with children can be an unpleasant experience for most parents, because kids are always running round the entire restaurant, saying‗I don‘t know what I want‘or‗I‘m not hungry.‘But now, a Maryland restaurant has created the‗Kid Friendlies‘menu. It translates children‘s words into meals to help parents order for their kids. A father said,‗As a dad, I think this is on the money.‘Here is the menu.69. From the first article, we can know chocolate melts easily when it is near _____.A. 30℃B. 25℃C. 37℃D. 15℃70. The underlined―doctor ofchocolate,‖in the first article probably means‗a person who _______‘.A. studies how to make good chocolate in hot weatherB. knows how to keep chocolate in a good condition, especially in hot weatherC. looks after people who have toothache because of eating too much chocolateD. likes eating sweet chocolate and is good at chemistry as well71. ______ matches the logo of Nike after some small changes made by a design company.A. B. C. D.72. ____ has made up a special menu for those parents with kids dining out together.A. McDonald‘sB. An American design companyC. A Maryland restaurantD. Starbucks73. A parent may probably order _____ if his child doesn‘t mind what to eat.A. Basket of Chicken TendersB. Grilled Peanut Butter & Banana SandwichC. Triple Layer PB&JD. Cheese Quesadilla74. The best title of the second article may be _____.A. A design companyB. Ways to print a logoC. Logos of famous brandsD. Less ink less wasteB. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文）（12分）The Museum of FailureHistory may be written by the winners, but we should not ignore the losers. At least, that‘s what the Museum of Failurewants us to believe.Displaying around 80 examples of failed products, businesses and ideas, the newly opened museum in Helsingborg, Sweden, celebrates modern history‘s ___75___ designs. But as well asexhibiting long-forgotten failures, founder Dr. Samuel West is on a task to help us learn from ourmistakes.‗I hope that visitors take home two messages: that success is always __76___ failure, and that they should understand the importance of learning from failure,‘said Dr. West. Most of all innovation（创新）projects fail, and learning is the on ly way to turn failure into success, according to the museum‘s website.‗The purpose of the museum is to show that innovation ___77___ failure,‘Dr. West said as he introduced some of the exhibits in a video.‗If you are afraid of failure, then you can‘t innovate.‘His purpose of starting the museum was to encourage organizations to be better at learning from failures instead of ignoring them and pretending they ___78___ happened.Based on Leo Tolstoy‘s‗Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way,‘Dr West has created a similar ___79___ for his museum:‗All successful innovations are alike; all failed innovations fail in their own interesting and spectacular（惊人的）way.‘The museum‘s items make Dr West more deeply believe that poorly-designed products have little in common with one another. One of the items, ___80___, is a frozen beef lasagne（意式千层面）made by Colgate, a company that makes toothpaste. He described this as a classic case of‗brand extension（品牌扩展）failure.‘A collection of nine objects from the museum is on tour, stopping in Miami, Berlin and Amsterdam and then will visit Los Angeles, New York, Shanghai and Tokyo in 2018 and 2019.75. A. latest B. worst C. different D. simple76. A. connected with B. pleased with C. known as D. ready for77. A. develops B. refuses C. discovers D. requires78. A. really B. always C. never D. actually79. A. saying B. situation C. chance D. problem80. A. as a result B. in addition C. for example D. in a wordC. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper wordsThe exams were just over and the summer vacation just started. Now Keven was free like a bird. Suddenly the doorbell rang. It was his cousin, Max.‗Hiii!‘ screamed Max,‗I have come to stay here for the holidays.‘The next days were a___81___ for Kevin. After breakfast Kevin decided to do a painting. He took out all his art supplies and started painting beautiful scenery. When he nearly finished it, Max entered the room with a Cola bottle. He slipped on some water and spread Cola all over the painting. It was c___82___ destroyed. The next day was even worse. Max put Kevin‘s best pair of shoes into the washing machine along with the clothes.One day Kevin was going through the newspaper when some interesting news caught his a___83___. He read it aloud‗The world famous philatelist（集邮家）Dick Brown‘s stamps were stolen last week in his town. Several other stamp robberies also have taken place and police suspect that all the robberies are l___84___.‘Kevin had a nice stamp collection and it was with his friend Allan. He decided to get his stamp album back as he felt it would be much s___85___ with himself. But Kevin couldn‘t go, so he decided to spend Max to get his album. Kevin gave Max the addre ss of Allan‘s and Max started. Max soon came back with the album and when Kevin checked it he found that it was not his album. It contained valuable stamps. Actually Max had gone to another house by mistake and he had knocked on the door but no one a___86___. He found the door unlocked, so he went in. He found an album which looked like Kevin‘s and brought it back.Kevin doubted that it might be the stolen album probably belonging to Dick Brown. Kevin made c___87___ with the police. A week later, Kevin and Max got reward for finding Dick Brown‘s album.‗I will never be angry at Max,‘Kevin thought.D. Answer the questions（根据短文内容回答下列问题）（12分）‗What are you saying? You lost him?‘the Chief of Police said angrily.The young police inspector（警长）in front of her was tired, very tired. He wanted to sit down, but people did not sit down in the chief‘s office. They stood and waited, and perhaps the Chief said‗sit down‘. Then they sat down, but not before.So the inspector stood.‗I‘m sorry, Chief,‘he said.‗We couldn‘t find him in the trees. We looked all night, but it was dark and …‘The Chief of Police put her hands on the desk in front of her.‗You had five men with you, Inspector, and two dogs. And you couldn‘t find him!‘The inspector waited, and the Chief of Poli ce looked at him coldly.‗What are you waiting for?‘She asked,‗Go out and find him! Three months ago, this man—Alex Dinon—killed the President of our country. He is a murderer—a dangerous man. Twenty-four hours ago he escaped from prison and our new President wants him back in prison—today! Now! At once!‘The inspector quickly left the room.His name was Felix, and he was thirty-three years old. That was young for an inspector, but he was a good policeman. He liked his job, and worked long hours, but he was sometimes afraid of the Chief of Police.Ten minutes later he was back in his office, and Adam came into his room. Adam was twenty-five, and usually worked with Felix on important jobs.‗What did the Chief say?‘Adam asked.‗Find Dinon quickly.‘Felix said,‗So, let‘s begin. Have we got photographs of Dinon? And what about his family?‘Adam put some photographs on the desk.‗He‘s got a wife and two young children.‘he said.‗Right. I want photographs on television and in all the newspapers. Four men can watch h is house and family, day and night—four hours on, and four hours off. Next, I want policemen at all the airports and …‘Telephones rang, and people came and went in the office. Felix and Adam worked on, late into the night.88. The Chief of Police was ang ry with Felix, wasn‘t she?89. What were the reasons Felix and his men lost Alex Dinon?90. Why did the police want to catch Alex Dinon?（Answer in less than 12 words.）91. How many people were there in Alex Dinon‘s family?92. What would Felix and his men do to catch Alex Dinon?93. Would you like to be an inspector like Felix? Give your reasons.Ⅶ. Writing（作文）（共20分）94. Write at least 60 words on the topic“___ has changed me”（以“_____改变了我”为题，写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格）成长路上，你曾经遇见过很多人，如一位师长、一个朋友等，你也曾经经历过很多事，如一次比赛、一项活动等，这些人与事或多或少改变了你，让你变成更好的自己。

2018学年闵行区第一学期高三质量监控考试生物/生命科学试卷本试卷分为第I 卷(第1-5页)和第II 卷(第5-12页) 两部分，全卷共12页。

满分150分。

考试时间为120分钟。

第II 卷的第33题和第39题为分叉题。

第I 卷（共60分）考生注意：1．答第I 卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写学校、班级、学号、姓名，并用铅笔正确涂写学校、年级、班级、学号的编号。

2．第I 卷（1-32题），由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上，考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。

注意试题题号和答题纸编号一一对应，不能错位。

答题需要更改时，必须将原选用橡皮擦去，重新选择。

答案写在试卷上一律不给分。

一、单选题（共60分。

每小题只有一个正确选项） （一）1分题（共8题）1．组成细胞的化合物中，决定遗传特性的是-------------------------------------------（ ） A 糖类B 维生素C 磷脂D 核酸2．某学生在观察洋葱根尖细胞有丝分裂装片时，发现了一个双核细胞，该细胞不．可能是---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------（ ） A 正常分裂的末期细胞 B 高尔基体被破坏，末期未能形成细胞壁 C 两个细胞的直接融合 D 环境变化使分裂停止的细胞 3．右图为某生态系统的植物叶面积指数与光合作用生产有机物的总量、干物质量和呼吸量的关系示意图。

（图中叶面积指数是指植物叶片的总面积与地表面积的比值。

该数值越大，表示叶片交错覆盖的程度越大）。

判断a 、b 、c 三条曲线依次代表的三种物质量及为保持林木最大的生产量应该采取的措施分别应------------------------------------------------------（ ） 物质量：①干物质量；②有机物的总量；③呼吸量生产措施：④禁止砍伐林木；⑤适量砍伐林木，使林木保持合适的密度 A ②①③、⑤ B ①③②、④ C ①②③、⑤ D ②①③、④4．高温、高湿的条件下种子的寿命会缩短。

考生注意:上海市普通高中学业水平合格性考试生命科学试卷(2018 年 6 月)1. 试卷满分 100 分，考试时间 60 分钟。

2. 本考试分设试卷和答题纸。

试卷包括两部分:第一部分全部为选择题，第二部分为综合题。

3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号，考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条码贴在指定位置上，作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分， 第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试题号对应的位置。

一、选择题(共 80 分，每小题 2 分，每小题只有一个正确答案。

)1. 图 1 为在高倍镜下观察保卫细胞的视野为准确测量视野中保卫细胞的长度，接下来的操作应该是图 1A. 转动目镜B. 调节粗调节器C. 调节细调节器D. 切换到低倍镜2. 当人体肾脏发生病变时，尿液中可能会含有蛋白质，若要检测一份尿液样本中是否含有蛋白质，应选用的试剂是A. 醋酸洋红染液B. 双缩脲试剂C. 苏丹 I I 染液D. 碘液3. 有些无机盐是生物体内重要有机物的组成成分，表 1 中无机盐与有机物的对应关系正确的A. ①②③B. ①②④C. ②③④D. ①③④4.图2 是一类有机小分子的结构通式，以此为基本单位组成的物质是图 2A.糖类B. 脂肪C. 核酸D. 蛋白质5.人体中存在 RNA 腺苷脱氨酶 ADAR2，它能对 RNA 上的腺嘌呤进行脱氨但不能对 DNA 上的腺嘌呤进行脱氨，这体现了该酶具有A.多样性B.高效性C.专一性D.稳定性6.图3 为大肠杆菌 T2 噬菌体的模式图。

其衣壳的化学成分是图 3A.蛋白质B. DNAC. 纤维素D. 磷脂7.某种蛇毒可阻断人突触后膜对神经递质的识别，该毒素最可能作用于突触后膜上的A.磷脂B. 胆固醇C. 载体蛋白D. 受体蛋白8.图4 为某个发生质壁分离的植物细胞的显微结构示意图。

在计算用来表示质壁分离程度的B/A 值 (%)时，若 A 表示细胞长径，则需测量的 B 值指图中的图 4A.b—cB. a—cC. a—dD. b—d9.ATP 被形象地称为“能量货币”，其提供给生命活动的能量储存在A.腺嘌呤和核糖之间的化学键B.磷酸基和磷酸基之间的化学键C.腺嘌呤和磷酸基之间的化学键D.核糖和磷酸基之间的化学键10.表2 为典型哺乳动物细胞内外的 K+浓度，据此推测 K+进入细胞的方式是表 2A. 自由扩散B. 协助扩散C. 主动运输D. 渗透作用11.图 5 所示的生物化学反应属于图 5A. 分解反应B. 水解反应C. 氧化反应D. 合成反应12.图6 所指的两个结构相互垂直排列面成的细胞器与细胞分裂、染色体分离密切相关，该细胞器A.核糖体B. 溶酶体C. 内质网D. 中心体13.在人体骨胳肌细胞中，三羧酸循环发生在A.线粒体外膜B. 线粒体内膜C. 线粒体基质D. 细胞质基质14.人体过量摄入蛋白质会导致体内脂肪的积累，其部分代谢过程如图7所示。