铸造工艺(英文)

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材料成型工艺基础部分(中英文词汇对照)

0 绪论金属材料：metal material (MR)高分子材料：high-molecular material 陶瓷材料：ceramic material复合材料：composition material成形工艺：formation technology1 铸造铸造工艺：casting technique铸件：foundry goods （casting）机器零件：machine part毛坯：blank力学性能：mechanical property砂型铸造：sand casting process型砂：foundry sand铸件成形理论基础合金：alloy铸造性能：casting property工艺性能：processing property收缩性：constringency偏析性：aliquation氧化性：oxidizability吸气性：inspiratory铸件结构：casting structure使用性能：service performance浇不足：misrun冷隔：cold shut夹渣：cinder inclusion粘砂：sand fusion缺陷：flaw, defect, falling流动性：flowing power铸型：cast (foundry mold)蓄热系数：thermal storage capacity浇注：pouring凝固：freezing收缩性：constringency逐层凝固：layer-by-layer freezing糊状凝固：mushy freezing结晶：crystal缩孔：shrinkage void缩松：shrinkage porosity顺序凝固：progressive solidification冷铁：iron chill补缩：feeding等温线法：constant temperature line method内接圆法：inscribed circle method 铸造应力：casting stress变形：deforming裂纹：crack机械应力：mechanical stress热应力：heat stress相变应力：transformation stress 气孔：blow hole铸铁：ingot铸钢：cast steel非铁合金：nonferrous alloy灰铸铁：gray cast-iorn孕育处理：inoculation球墨铸铁：spheroidal球化处理：sheroidisation可锻铸铁：ductile cast iron石墨：graphite蠕墨铸铁：vermicular cast iron热处理：heat processing铝合金：Al-alloy熔炼：fusion metallurgy铜合金：copper alloy氢脆：hydrogen brittleness铸造方法（casting method）手工造型：hand moulding机器造型：machine moulding金属型：metal mold casting金属模：permanent mould压力铸造：press casting熔模铸造：investment moulding蜡膜：cere离心铸造：centrifugal casting低压铸造：casting under low pressure 差压铸造：counter-pressure casting 陶瓷型铸造：shaw process铸造工艺设计浇注位置：pouring position分型面：mould joint活块：loose piece起模：patter drawing型芯：core型芯撑：chaplet工艺参数：processing parameter下芯：core setting合型：mould assembly冒口：casting head尺寸公差：dimensional tolerance 尺寸公差带：tolerance zone机械加工余量：machining allowance 铸孔：core hole非标准：nonstandard label收缩率：rate of contraction线收缩：linear contraction体收缩：volume contraction起模斜度：pattern draft铸造圆角：curving of castings芯头：core register芯头间隙：clearance芯座：core print seat分型线：joint line分模线：die parting line铸造结构工艺性加强筋：rib reinforcement撒砂：stuccoing内腔：entocoele2 金属塑性加工塑性加工：plastic working塑性：plastic property锻造：forge work冲压：punching轧制：rolling拉拔：drawing挤压：extruding细化晶粒：grain refinement 热锻：hit-forging温锻：warm forging金属塑性加工理论基础塑性变形：plastic yield加工硬化：work-hardening韧性：ductility回复温度：return temperature 再结晶：recrystallize再结晶退火：full annealing 冷变形：cold deformation热变性：heat denaturation锻造比：forging ratio镦粗：upset拔长：pull out纤维组织：fibrous tissue锻造性能：forging property可锻性：forgeability变形抗力：resistance of deformation化学成分：chemical constitution热脆性：hot brittleness冷脆性：cold-shortness变形速度：deformation velocity应力状态：stress condition变形温度：deformation temperature过热：overheating过烧：burning脱碳：carbon elimination始锻温度：initiation forging temperature 终锻温度：final forging temperature金属塑性加工方法自由锻：flat-die hammer冲孔：jetting弯曲：bend弯曲半径：bending radius切割：cut扭转：twist rotation错移：offsetting锻接：percussion基本工序：basic process辅助工序：auxiliary process精整工序：finishing process模锻：contour forging锻模：forging die胎膜锻：fetal membrane forging剪床：shearing machine冲床：backing-out punch冲裁：blanking弹性变形：elastic distortion塑性变形：plastic yield剪切变形：shearing deformation最小弯曲半径：minimum bending radius 曲率：angularity弯裂：rupture回弹：rebound辊轧：roll forming辊锻：roll forging斜轧：oblique rolling横轧：transverse rolling辗压：tamping drum挤压：extruding拉拔：draft塑性加工工艺设计工艺规程：process specification锻件图：forging drawing敷料：dressing锻件余量：forging allowance锻件公差：forging tolerance工夹具：clamping apparatus加热设备：firing equipment加热规范：heating schedule冷却规范：cooling schedule后续处理：after treatment分模面：die parting face冲孔连皮：punching the wad模锻斜度：draft angle圆角半径：radius of corner圆饼类锻件：circumcresent cake-like forging 长轴类锻件：long axis-like forging锻件结构工艺性锥体：cone斜面：cant空间曲线：curve in space粗糙度：degree of roughness 冲压件结构工艺性3 焊接焊接：welding铆接：riverting熔焊：fusion welding压焊：press welding钎焊：braze welding焊接理论基础冶金：metallurgy电弧焊：arc welding气焊：acetylene welding电渣焊：electro-slag welding 高能束焊：high energy welding 电子焊：electronic welding激光焊：laser welding等离子焊：plasma welding电弧：electric arc阳极区：anode region阴极区：negative polarity弧柱区：arc stream正接法：electrode negative method反接法：opposition method脱氧剂：deoxidizing agent焊缝：welded seam焊缝区：weld zone熔合区：fusion area热影响区：heat-affected zone脆性断裂：brittle fracture过热区：overheated zone正火区：normalized zone相变区：phase change zone焊接应力：welding stress收缩变形：contraction distortion角变形：angular deformation弯曲变形：bend deformation扭曲变形：warping deformation波浪变形：wave transformation反变形法：reversible deformation method 刚性固定法：rigid fixing method预热：warming-up缓冷：slow cool焊后热处理：postweld heat treatment矫形处理：shape-righting焊接方法埋弧焊：hidden arc welding气体保护焊：gas shielded arc welding氩弧焊：argon welding熔化极氩弧焊：consumable electrode argon welding 钨极氩弧焊：argon tungsten-arc welding二氧化碳气体保护焊：CO2 gas shielded arc welding 碳弧焊：carbon arc welding碳弧气刨：carbon arc air gouging电渣焊：electro-slag welding高能焊：high grade energy welding等离子弧切割：plasma arc cutting (PAC)堆焊：bead weld电阻焊：resistance welding电焊：electric welding缝焊：seam welding压焊：press welding多点凸焊：multiple projection welding对焊：welding neck摩擦焊：friction welding扩散焊：diffusion welding 硬钎料：brazing alloy软钎料：soft solder常用金属材料的焊接焊接性：weldability焊接方法：welding method焊接材料：welding material 焊条：electrode焊剂：flux material碳素钢：carbon steel低碳钢：low carbon steel中碳钢：medium carbon steel 高碳钢：high carbon steel 低合金钢：lean alloy steel 不锈钢：non-corrosive steel 有色金属：nonferrous metal 焊接工艺设计型材：sectional bar药皮：coating焊丝：soldering wire连续焊缝：continuous weld 断续焊缝：intermittent weld应力集中：stress concentration焊接接头：soldered joint坡口：groove对接：abutting joint搭接：lap joint角接：corner joint4 粉末冶金（power metallurgy）粉末冶金成品：finished power metallurgical product 铁氧体：ferrite硬质合金：sintered-carbide高熔点金属：high-melting metal陶瓷：ceramic粉末冶金工艺理论基础压坯：pressed compact扩散：diffusion烧结：agglomeration固溶： solid solubility化合：combination粉末冶金的工艺流程制备：preparation预处理：anticipation还原法：reduction method电解法：electrolytic method雾化法：atomization粒度：grain size松装密度：loose density流动性：flowing power压缩性：compressibility筛分：screen separation混合：compounding制粒：pelletization过烧：superburning欠烧：underburnt5 金属复合成型技术自蔓延焊接：SHS welding热等静压：HIP准热等静压：PHIP液态成型技术与固态成型技术的复合高压铸造：high-pressure casting 电磁泵：magnetic-pump压射成型：injection molding柱塞：plunger piston冲头：drift pin凝固法：freezing method挤压法：extrusion method转向节：knuckle pivot制动器：arresting gear金属半凝固、半熔融成型技术凝固：freezing半熔融：semi-vitreous触变铸造：thixotropy casting触变锻造：thixotropy forging注射成型：injection molding其他金属成型新技术快速凝固：flash set非晶态：amorphous溢流法：press over system喷射沉积：ejecting deposit爆炸复合法：explosion cladding method 扩散焊接：diffusion welding挤压：extruding轧制：roll down6 非金属材料成型技术高分子材料成型技术高分子材料：non-metal material耐腐蚀：resistant material绝缘：insulation老化：ageing耐热性：heat-durability粘弹性：viscoelasticity塑料：plastic material橡胶：rubber合成纤维：synthetic fibre涂料：covering material粘结剂：agglomerant粘度：viscosity热塑性塑料：thermoplastic plastics 热固性塑料：thermosetting plastic 通用塑料：general-purpose plastics 工程塑料：engineering plastic薄膜：thin film增强塑料：reinforced plastics浇注塑料：pouring plastics注射塑料：injiection plastics挤出塑料：extrusion plastics吹塑塑料：blowing plastics模压塑料：die pressing plastics 聚合物：ploymer semiconductor吸湿性：hygroscopic cargo定向作用：directional action生胶：green glue stock填料：carrier丁苯橡胶：SBR顺丁橡胶：BR氯丁橡胶：CR丁腈橡胶：NBR硅橡胶：Q聚氨酯橡胶：U压延：calender硫化：sulfuration胶粘剂：adhesive胶接：glue joint刹车片：brake block零件修复：parts renewal蜂窝夹层：honeycomb core material 工业陶瓷制品的成型技术干燥：drying坯料：blank润滑剂：anti-friction结合剂：binder热压铸：hot injiection moulding 非金属材料成型技术的新进展热压烧结：hot pressed sintering7 复合材料的成型技术复合材料：composite material树脂：resin金属复合材料的成型技术硼纤维：boron fiber钛合金：titanium alloy碳纤维：carbon filter等离子喷涂：plasma spraying浸渍法：immersion method锭坯：ingot blank聚合物基复合材料的成型技术晶须：whisker缠绕成形：enwind forming湿法缠绕：wet method enwind陶瓷复合材料成型技术料浆：slurry溶胶-凝胶法：sol-gel method化学气相沉积： chemical vapor deposition (CVD)原位：in situ8 材料成型方法的选择粉末冶金：powder metallurgy工程塑料：engineering plastics工程陶瓷：engineering ceramics。

材料成型工艺基础部分(中英文词汇对照)

材料成型工艺基础部分0 绪论金属材料：metal material (MR)高分子材料：high-molecular material陶瓷材料：ceramic material复合材料：composition material成形工艺：formation technology1 铸造铸造工艺：casting technique铸件：foundry goods （casting）机器零件：machine part毛坯：blank力学性能：mechanical property砂型铸造：sand casting process型砂：foundry sand1.1 铸件成形理论基础合金：alloy铸造性能：casting property工艺性能：processing property收缩性：constringency偏析性：aliquation氧化性：oxidizability吸气性：inspiratory铸件结构：casting structure使用性能：service performance浇不足：misrun冷隔：cold shut夹渣：cinder inclusion粘砂：sand fusion缺陷：flaw, defect, falling流动性：flowing power铸型：cast (foundry mold)蓄热系数：thermal storage capacity 浇注：pouring凝固：freezing收缩性：constringency逐层凝固：layer-by-layer freezing 糊状凝固：mushy freezing结晶：crystal缩孔：shrinkage void缩松：shrinkage porosity顺序凝固：progressive solidification 冷铁：iron chill补缩：feeding等温线法：constant temperature line method 内接圆法：inscribed circle method铸造应力：casting stress变形：deforming裂纹：crack机械应力：mechanical stress热应力：heat stress相变应力：transformation stress气孔：blow hole铸铁：ingot铸钢：cast steel非铁合金：nonferrous alloy灰铸铁：gray cast-iorn孕育处理：inoculation球墨铸铁：spheroidal球化处理：sheroidisation可锻铸铁：ductile cast iron石墨：graphite蠕墨铸铁：vermicular cast iron热处理：heat processing铝合金：Al-alloy熔炼：fusion metallurgy铜合金：copper alloy氢脆：hydrogen brittleness1.2 铸造方法（casting method）手工造型：hand moulding机器造型：machine moulding金属型：metal mold casting金属模：permanent mould压力铸造：press casting熔模铸造：investment moulding蜡膜：cere离心铸造：centrifugal casting低压铸造：casting under low pressure 差压铸造：counter-pressure casting 陶瓷型铸造：shaw process1.3 铸造工艺设计浇注位置：pouring position分型面：mould joint活块：loose piece起模：patter drawing型芯：core型芯撑：chaplet工艺参数：processing parameter下芯：core setting合型：mould assembly冒口：casting head尺寸公差：dimensional tolerance尺寸公差带：tolerance zone机械加工余量：machining allowance 铸孔：core hole非标准：nonstandard label收缩率：rate of contraction线收缩：linear contraction体收缩：volume contraction起模斜度：pattern draft铸造圆角：curving of castings芯头：core register芯头间隙：clearance芯座：core print seat分型线：joint line分模线：die parting line1.4 铸造结构工艺性加强筋：rib reinforcement撒砂：stuccoing内腔：entocoele2 金属塑性加工塑性加工：plastic working塑性：plastic property锻造：forge work冲压：punching轧制：rolling拉拔：drawing挤压：extruding细化晶粒：grain refinement 热锻：hit-forging温锻：warm forging2.1 金属塑性加工理论基础塑性变形：plastic yield加工硬化：work-hardening 韧性：ductility回复温度：return temperature 再结晶：recrystallize再结晶退火：full annealing 冷变形：cold deformation热变性：heat denaturation锻造比：forging ratio镦粗：upset拔长：pull out纤维组织：fibrous tissue锻造性能：forging property可锻性：forgeability变形抗力：resistance of deformation化学成分：chemical constitution热脆性：hot brittleness冷脆性：cold-shortness变形速度：deformation velocity应力状态：stress condition变形温度：deformation temperature过热：overheating过烧：burning脱碳：carbon elimination始锻温度：initiation forging temperature 终锻温度：final forging temperature 2.2 金属塑性加工方法自由锻：flat-die hammer冲孔：jetting弯曲：bend弯曲半径：bending radius切割：cut扭转：twist rotation错移：offsetting锻接：percussion基本工序：basic process辅助工序：auxiliary process精整工序：finishing process模锻：contour forging锻模：forging die胎膜锻：fetal membrane forging剪床：shearing machine冲床：backing-out punch冲裁：blanking弹性变形：elastic distortion塑性变形：plastic yield剪切变形：shearing deformation最小弯曲半径：minimum bending radius 曲率：angularity弯裂：rupture回弹：rebound辊轧：roll forming辊锻：roll forging斜轧：oblique rolling横轧：transverse rolling辗压：tamping drum挤压：extruding拉拔：draft2.3 塑性加工工艺设计工艺规程：process specification锻件图：forging drawing敷料：dressing锻件余量：forging allowance锻件公差：forging tolerance工夹具：clamping apparatus加热设备：firing equipment加热规范：heating schedule冷却规范：cooling schedule后续处理：after treatment分模面：die parting face冲孔连皮：punching the wad模锻斜度：draft angle圆角半径：radius of corner圆饼类锻件：circumcresent cake-like forging 长轴类锻件：long axis-like forging2.4 锻件结构工艺性锥体：cone斜面：cant空间曲线：curve in space粗糙度：degree of roughness2.5 冲压件结构工艺性3 焊接焊接：welding铆接：riverting熔焊：fusion welding压焊：press welding钎焊：braze welding3.1 焊接理论基础冶金：metallurgy电弧焊：arc welding气焊：acetylene welding电渣焊：electro-slag welding 高能束焊：high energy welding 电子焊：electronic welding激光焊：laser welding等离子焊：plasma welding电弧：electric arc阳极区：anode region阴极区：negative polarity弧柱区：arc stream正接法：electrode negative method反接法：opposition method脱氧剂：deoxidizing agent焊缝：welded seam焊缝区：weld zone熔合区：fusion area热影响区：heat-affected zone脆性断裂：brittle fracture过热区：overheated zone正火区：normalized zone相变区：phase change zone焊接应力：welding stress收缩变形：contraction distortion角变形：angular deformation弯曲变形：bend deformation扭曲变形：warping deformation波浪变形：wave transformation反变形法：reversible deformation method 刚性固定法：rigid fixing method预热：warming-up缓冷：slow cool焊后热处理：postweld heat treatment矫形处理：shape-righting3.2 焊接方法埋弧焊：hidden arc welding气体保护焊：gas shielded arc welding氩弧焊：argon welding熔化极氩弧焊：consumable electrode argon welding 钨极氩弧焊：argon tungsten-arc welding二氧化碳气体保护焊：CO2 gas shielded arc welding 碳弧焊：carbon arc welding碳弧气刨：carbon arc air gouging电渣焊：electro-slag welding高能焊：high grade energy welding等离子弧切割：plasma arc cutting (PAC)堆焊：bead weld电阻焊：resistance welding电焊：electric welding缝焊：seam welding压焊：press welding多点凸焊：multiple projection welding对焊：welding neck摩擦焊：friction welding扩散焊：diffusion welding硬钎料：brazing alloy软钎料：soft solder3.3 常用金属材料的焊接焊接性：weldability焊接方法：welding method 焊接材料：welding material 焊条：electrode焊剂：flux material碳素钢：carbon steel低碳钢：low carbon steel中碳钢：medium carbon steel 高碳钢：high carbon steel低合金钢：lean alloy steel不锈钢：non-corrosive steel 有色金属：nonferrous metal 3.4 焊接工艺设计型材：sectional bar药皮：coating焊丝：soldering wire连续焊缝：continuous weld断续焊缝：intermittent weld应力集中：stress concentration焊接接头：soldered joint坡口：groove对接：abutting joint搭接：lap joint角接：corner joint4 粉末冶金（power metallurgy）粉末冶金成品：finished power metallurgical product 铁氧体：ferrite硬质合金：sintered-carbide高熔点金属：high-melting metal陶瓷：ceramic4.1 粉末冶金工艺理论基础压坯：pressed compact扩散：diffusion烧结：agglomeration固溶：solid solubility化合：combination4.2 粉末冶金的工艺流程制备：preparation预处理：anticipation还原法：reduction method电解法：electrolytic method雾化法：atomization粒度：grain size松装密度：loose density流动性：flowing power压缩性：compressibility筛分：screen separation混合：compounding制粒：pelletization过烧：superburning欠烧：underburnt5 金属复合成型技术自蔓延焊接：SHS welding热等静压：HIP准热等静压：PHIP5.1 液态成型技术与固态成型技术的复合高压铸造：high-pressure casting电磁泵：magnetic-pump压射成型：injection molding柱塞：plunger piston冲头：drift pin凝固法：freezing method挤压法：extrusion method转向节：knuckle pivot制动器：arresting gear5.2 金属半凝固、半熔融成型技术凝固：freezing半熔融：semi-vitreous触变铸造：thixotropy casting触变锻造：thixotropy forging注射成型：injection molding5.3 其他金属成型新技术快速凝固：flash set非晶态：amorphous溢流法：press over system喷射沉积：ejecting deposit爆炸复合法：explosion cladding method 扩散焊接：diffusion welding挤压：extruding轧制：roll down6 非金属材料成型技术6.1 高分子材料成型技术高分子材料：non-metal material 耐腐蚀：resistant material绝缘：insulation老化：ageing耐热性：heat-durability粘弹性：viscoelasticity塑料：plastic material橡胶：rubber合成纤维：synthetic fibre涂料：covering material粘结剂：agglomerant粘度：viscosity热塑性塑料：thermoplastic plastics 热固性塑料：thermosetting plastic 通用塑料：general-purpose plastics 工程塑料：engineering plastic薄膜：thin film增强塑料：reinforced plastics浇注塑料：pouring plastics注射塑料：injiection plastics挤出塑料：extrusion plastics吹塑塑料：blowing plastics模压塑料：die pressing plastics聚合物：ploymer semiconductor吸湿性：hygroscopic cargo定向作用：directional action生胶：green glue stock填料：carrier丁苯橡胶：SBR顺丁橡胶：BR氯丁橡胶：CR丁腈橡胶：NBR硅橡胶：Q聚氨酯橡胶：U压延：calender硫化：sulfuration胶粘剂：adhesive胶接：glue joint刹车片：brake block零件修复：parts renewal蜂窝夹层：honeycomb core material 6.2 工业陶瓷制品的成型技术干燥：drying润滑剂：anti-friction结合剂：binder热压铸：hot injiection moulding 6.3 非金属材料成型技术的新进展热压烧结：hot pressed sintering7 复合材料的成型技术复合材料：composite material树脂：resin7.1 金属复合材料的成型技术硼纤维：boron fiber钛合金：titanium alloy碳纤维：carbon filter等离子喷涂：plasma spraying浸渍法：immersion method锭坯：ingot blank7.2 聚合物基复合材料的成型技术晶须：whisker缠绕成形：enwind forming湿法缠绕：wet method enwind 7.3 陶瓷复合材料成型技术溶胶-凝胶法：sol-gel method化学气相沉积：chemical vapor deposition (CVD) 原位：in situ8 材料成型方法的选择粉末冶金：powder metallurgy工程塑料：engineering plastics工程陶瓷：engineering ceramics。

(工艺技术)材料成型工艺基础部分(中英文词汇对照)

铸造工艺外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

英文原文CastingCasting is a metal smelting meet certain requirements of the liquid and poured into the mold, solidified by cooling, the whole-are scheduled to be dealt with after the shape, size and performance of the casting process. Casting hair due to the near embryo forming, and machining to avoid or reduce a small amount of the purpose of processing costs and to a certain extent, reduce the time. Casting modern machinery manufacturing industry is the basis of one.Casting many different types, according to the customary method of modeling is divided into: ①ordinary sand casting, including wet sand, dry sand and chemical hardening Sand three categories. ②special casting, by modeling materials can be divided into natural mineral sand as the main form of special casting material (such as mold, mud-casting, casting workshop shell casting, vacuum casting, it is type casting, ceramic mold casting , etc.) and metal casting for the main special casting material (such as metal-casting, pressure die casting, continuous casting, low-pressure casting, centrifugal casting, etc.) two. Casting Process usually include: ①mold (the liquid metal into solid casting containers) prepared by casting materials used can be divided into sand, metal, ceramic, clay, graphite type, and so on, by frequency of use can be divided into one-time type, semi-permanent and permanent-type, and thepros and cons of the mould for casting quality is the impact of the main factors; ②melting and casting metal casting, metal casting (casting alloys) main cast iron, cast steel and non-ferrous foundry alloy castings deal with ③and testing and treatment, including removal of casting and casting surface core foreign body, with pouring riser, and shovels and grinding burr Prix joints, and other protrusions and heat treatment, surgery, such as anti-rust treatment and rough.Casting process can be divided into three basic parts, namely casting metal preparation, preparation and casting mold processing. Metal Casting is casting for the production of metal castings casting materials, it is a metal elements as the main component, and joined other metal or non-metallic element composition of the alloy and, as customary casting alloys, the main cast iron , cast steel and non-ferrous alloy casting.Metal smelting is not just a simple melting, smelting process also included, pouring the metal into the mold, temperature, chemical composition and purity aspects are in line with expectations. Therefore, in the melting process, we need to conduct quality control checks for the purpose of testing liquid metal to the provisions in order to allow indicators after pouring. Sometimes, in order to meet higher demands, after the release of liquid metal in the furnace, to deal with, such as the desulfurization, vacuum degassing, the refining furnace, such as modification or bred. Melting metal commonly used equipment is Cupola,electric arc furnace, induction furnace, resistance heaters, such as reverberatory furnace.The different methods have different casting mold for content. The application of the most extensive example of sand casting, casting, including modeling material for the preparation and modeling made two core functions. Sand Casting modeling used to create the core of raw materials, such as sand casting, sand binder and other accessories, as well as from the preparation of their sand, the core sand, paint and other materials collectively known as the shape modeling material in accordance with the task of preparing for Casting requirements, the nature of metal, the original choice of suitable sand, binders and accessories, and then by a certain proportion of them into a certain properties of mixed sand and core sand. Mixer equipment is commonly used roller wheel Mixer, and the counter-Mixer leaves trench Mixer. The latter is designed for the hard sand mixed chemical design, continuous mixing, fast.Modeling made casting process is based on core requirements identified in good shape, ready to form the material basis. Casting accuracy, and the entire production process of economic effects depends largely on this procedure. In many modern foundry workshop, modeling core are made to achieve a mechanized or automated. Sand commonly used modeling core equipment made a high, medium and low pressure molding machine,the machine throwing sand, no me-pressure molding machine, radio batteries, cold and hot-box machines.Since casting mold pouring out of the cooling, a gate, riser joints and metal burr Prix, the Sand Casting also adhesion of sand casting, it must be clear processes. Such is the work of the equipment throwing machine, gate riser cutting machines. Sand casting is charged sand liquidation of a poor working conditions processes, in the choice of modeling methods, should be taken into account for loading sand to create convenience for liquidation. Casting for some special requirements, but also the casting post-processing such as heat treatment, plastic surgery, anti-rust treatment, such as roughing.Casting is more economical method of forming the rough, more complex shape parts demonstrated its economy. If the car's engine block and cylinder head, ship propellers, as well as exquisite works of art,. Cutting some of the difficult parts, such as gas turbine parts of the nickel-based alloy casting methods can not not forming.In addition, the casting of parts of the size and weight to a wide range of metal species almost unlimited; parts of a general mechanical properties, it is also a wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, shock absorption, such as overall performance, other methods such as forging metal forming , rolling, welding, etc.-can do. Therefore, in the machine building industry, casting methods used in the production of rough parts, in terms ofquantity and the tonnage is the largest to date.Casting Production of materials often use a variety of metals, coke, wood, plastics, gas and liquid fuels, such as modeling materials. Have the necessary equipment of various metal smelting furnace, with the various Mixer Mixer, a shape made of various core molding machine, machine-made batteries, cleaning sand casting charged with the machine, throwing machine etc.. Casting also used for special machinery and equipment, as well as many transportation and material handling equipment.Casting production and the different characteristics of other, mainly wide adaptability, needed materials and equipment, pollution of the environment. Casting Production will produce dust, toxic gases and noise pollution on the environment, compared to other machinery manufacturing processes to become more serious measures are needed to control.Casting product development requirements of the trend is casting a better overall performance, higher accuracy and less cushion and clean the surface. In addition, energy-saving and the requirements of social calls to restore the natural environment is getting higher and higher. To meet these requirements, the new cast alloy will be developed, refining new techniques and equipment will be corresponding.Casting production mechanization degree of automation has beenimproving at the same time, will be more flexible to production development, to expand the volume and variety of different production adaptability. Conservation of energy and raw materials of new technologies will be giving priority to the development, produce or do not produce less pollution in new technology and equipment will be the first to be taken seriously. Quality control procedures in the detection and nondestructive testing, stress determination, there will be a new development.There is much more to casting than selecting a process and making the appropriate pattern .During the past decade ,research and production experiences have provided scientific principles for better casting techniques .Important considerations are the rate at which a mold cavity is filled ,gate placement ,riser design ,the use of chill blocks, and padding. FILLING THE MOLD CA VITY .the velocity with which the molten metal fills the mold is determined by the cross-sectional area of the gating system and the mold-pouring rate. Too slow a mold-pouring rate means solidification before filling some parts, allowing surface oxidation. Too high a pouring rate caused by too large a gating system causes sand inclusions by erosion ,particularly in green-sand molding ,and turbulence. The minimum cross section in the gating system is called a choke .In the strict sense, the choke is the section in the gating system where the cross-sectional area times the potential linear velocity is at a minimum.When the gate system is choked at the bottom of the sprue ,it is called a nonpressurized system. This system is somewhat less reliable than a pressurized system in which the choke is at the gate.The first metal in the pouring basin and down the sprue usually has some turbulence that carries slag into the runner .To avoid slag in the casting, the runner should extend past the last gate to trap the initial slag. By the time the gate become operative, the liquid level should be high enough so that no slag can enter the casting cavity .The runner should be laid out to minimize turbulence, that is it should be as straight and as smooth as possible. The gate that was shown in Fig.7-3 is made to enter the cavity at the parting line. Gating arrangements may also be made at the top or bottom of the cavity. The parting line gate is the easiest for the pattern maker to make; however, the metal drops into the cavity, which may cause some erosion of the sand and some turbulence of the metal .For nonferrous metals, this drop aggravates the dross and entraps air in the metal.Top-gating is used for simple designs in gray iron, but not for nonferrous alloys, since excessive dross would be formed by the agitation.Bottom-gating provides a smooth flow of metal into the mold. However ,if does have the disadvantage of an unfavorable temperature gradient. It cools as it rises, resulting in cold metal in the riser and hot metal at the gate.Casting For example, there are many ways:Centrifugal CastingLiquid metal will be poured into the mold rotation, the centrifugal force under the filling and solidification of the casting-casting method. Centrifugal casting machine called centrifugal casting machine. According to the rotation axis mold a different direction, centrifugal casting machine is divided into horizontal and vertical tilt of three kinds. Horizontal centrifugal casting machine is mainly used for casting various tubular castings, such as grey cast iron and ductile iron water mains gas pipes, the smallest diameter of 75 mm, 3000 mm Maximum Pouring In addition to the paper machine's large diameter copper roller, various carbon steel, steel pipes, as well as internal and external requirements of the different components of the double-material steel roll. Vertical centrifugal casting machine is mainly used for the production of castings and smaller ring-round casting.Centrifugal Casting by the mold, according to casting shape, size and production quantities different, the choice of non-metallic type (such as sand, shell or shell-Investment), the type of metal or metal-deposited within a layer or coating resin sand the mold. Mold is centrifugal casting to a few of the important parameters, we have enough to increase the centrifugal force of the dense metal casting, centrifugal force is not too big so as not to hinder the metal contraction. For those of lead bronze, toomuch centrifugal force will produce castings components inside and outside intramural segregation. General dozens per minute speed in 1500 to go around.Centrifugal Casting is characterized by centrifugal force in the liquid metal under the filling and solidification, metal Feeding good effect, castings organizations dense, good mechanical properties; casting hollow castings without pouring riser, metal utilization can be increased substantially. Therefore certain shape casting, centrifugal casting is a material-saving, energy-saving, cost-effective techniques, but special attention should be to take effective security measures.Fan Casting mudFoundry Industry in China Ancient metal processing in a prominent position, and have a tremendous impact on society. Today, we are living in often use a "model", "Casting" and "succumb" vocabulary, from the ancient foundry industry terminology. Ancient Chinese working people in the long-term production practice, and created a Daofan, lost wax casting process of the two major traditions. Casting technology is the first to use Shifan. Because stone is not easy processing, without high temperature, along with making the development of the industry, I have to switch to block mud Fan. Sand Casting in modern times before 3,000 years, mud Fan Casting has been one of the most important casting method.Mud Fan Casting Process: 1. Tooling. According to prototype objectswith soil carved into mud-2. Fan up outside. A uniform will be transferred into the soil-mud-flap on the outside in the mud-force, make pressure, the mud-ornamentation on the anti-Indian in the mud-chip. Semi-after films such as soil, in accordance with the objects ears, feet, Pan, at the end of the border areas, Kok or symmetrical objects, divided into several blocks with a knife norm, and then the two dump adjacent to Fan of the triangle forward Stitching Mao, then dry, or baking Weihuo repaired Fan inside tick fill patterns, which has become used by the foundry Fan 3. Fan within the system. Fan of the system will be used by the mud mode, taking advantage of a wet Guaqu TLC, and then dry-roast, made in the Fan. Guaqu Suozhu Bronze is the thickness of the thickness of 4. A Fan. Fan will be inverted in the base, then placed in the block, Fan Fan around. Fan after the closure, a closure of the above-Fan Fan covered with at least leave a pouring hole 5. Casting. Bronze solution will be melted along pouring into the hole, such as copper-cooled, break the norm, the norm out, the bronze will be removed Suozhu, after polishing finishing, an exquisite bronze on the production completed.Modeling complex in the production of bronze, the ancients also used the casting process as a basic principle of law. Or first-body cast, then a norm in the pouring annex (such as Shoutou, columns, etc.); cast in the first or annex (such as tripod ear, feet, etc.) and then pouring time for the casting industry are integrated.Early Shang Dynasty in China there will be a mud Fan casting, to reach its peak during the mid-1980s. Use this method, the ancient craftsmen who created a home as Secretary E-ding, four sheep this side of the statue Kuangshi treasures.China's ancient mud Fan Casting another outstanding achievements, the law is stacked cast early emergence and widely used. Kevin is the so-called Permian many months or block paired Fan Fan-composite assembly, by a shared runner for casting, one by dozens or even hundreds of items. My earliest Permian casting is the Warring States period, the coin-knife. This method because of its high productivity, low cost comparison is still widely used.Pressure CastingUnder the high pressure liquid or semi-liquid metal mold filling high-speed, and solidified under pressure into the foundry casting method. Adopted by the pressure of 4 to 500 MPa, metal filling speed of 0.5 to 120 m / sec. 1838 Americans G. Bruce pressure casting the first time in India on the type production, a pressure casting patent next year. 19 in the 1960s, the pressure casting been great development, not only can produce tin-lead alloy die castings and zinc alloy die castings, but also capable of producing aluminum, copper alloys and magnesium alloy die castings. 20 in the 1930s and then to the iron and steel casting pressure on the pilot. Pressure Casting (casting), in essence, is under high pressure, liquid orsemi-liquid metal to high-speed casting cavity filling and solidification under pressure molding and casting and access methods. Characteristics of high-pressure die casting and high-speed filling casting of the two major characteristics of the die casting. It commonly used than the pressure-pressure from the thousands to tens of thousands of kPa, and even as high as 2 × 105kPa. Filling in the speed of about 10 to 50 m / s, sometimes even up to 100 m / s and above.中文译文铸造铸造是将金属熔炼成符合一定要求的液体并浇进铸型里，经冷却凝固、清整处理后得到有预定形状、尺寸和性能的铸件的工艺过程。

制作工艺的英文单词

制作工艺的英文单词制作工艺是指在制造过程中所采用的方法、技术和步骤，用于将原材料转化为最终产品。

不同的制作工艺对产品的质量、外观和性能有着重要的影响。

在本文中，我们将介绍一些与制作工艺相关的英文单词。

首先，让我们了解一些常见的制作工艺单词：1.Casting（铸造）：一种将熔融金属或其他物质倒入模具中，并冷却后制成特定形状的工艺。

2.Forging（锻造）：一种通过加热金属至其可塑性温度，然后用力敲打，使其改变形状的工艺。

3.Machining（机械加工）：一种通过切削，磨削，钻孔，铣削等手段，从原材料中去除一部分物质，以形成所需的形状和尺寸的工艺。

4.Welding（焊接）：将两个或多个金属或热塑性材料加热至熔化温度，并将它们连接在一起的工艺。

5.Stamping（冲压）：一种利用模具，在金属或非金属材料上施加压力，以形成所需形状的工艺。

6.3D printing（三维打印）：一种通过连续堆积薄层材料，逐层构建物体的工艺。

7.Assembly（组装）：将多个零件或部件按照设计要求进行连接或组合的工艺。

8.Coating（涂覆）：在产品表面涂覆一层涂料或薄膜，以改变其外观、性能或保护其表面的工艺。

接下来，让我们深入探讨一些与制作工艺相关的专业术语：1.Tolerance（公差）：制造过程中允许的尺寸或形状偏离设计规范的范围。

2.Surface finish（表面光洁度）：指产品表面的质量和光洁度程度，通常用于描述表面的光滑度、粗糙度和细节。

3.Heat treatment（热处理）：通过控制材料的加热和冷却过程，改变其组织结构和性能的工艺。

4.Annealing（退火）：通过加热材料至高温后缓慢冷却，以消除材料内部的应力和改善其机械性能的工艺。

5.Hardening（硬化）：通过加热材料至高温，然后迅速冷却，使其达到更高的硬度和强度的工艺。

6.Tempering（回火）：对已经淬火的材料进行加热，然后缓慢冷却，以增加其韧性和减轻其脆性的工艺。

材料成型工艺基础部分中英文词汇对照模板

材料成型工艺基础部分中英文词汇对照模板材料成型工艺基础部分0 绪论金属材料: metal material (MR)高分子材料: high-molecular material陶瓷材料: ceramic material复合材料: composition material成形工艺: formation technology1 铸造铸造工艺: casting technique铸件: foundry goods ( casting)机器零件: machine part毛坯: blank力学性能: mechanical property砂型铸造: sand casting process型砂: foundry sand1.1 铸件成形理论基础合金: alloy铸造性能: casting property工艺性能: processing property收缩性: constringency偏析性: aliquation氧化性: oxidizability吸气性: inspiratory铸件结构: casting structure使用性能: service performance浇不足: misrun冷隔: cold shut夹渣: cinder inclusion粘砂: sand fusion缺陷: flaw, defect, falling流动性: flowing power铸型: cast (foundry mold)蓄热系数: thermal storage capacity 浇注: pouring凝固: freezing收缩性: constringency逐层凝固: layer-by-layer freezing 糊状凝固: mushy freezing结晶: crystal缩孔: shrinkage void缩松: shrinkage porosity顺序凝固: progressive solidification 冷铁: iron chill补缩: feeding等温线法: constant temperature line method 内接圆法: inscribed circle method铸造应力: casting stress变形: deforming裂纹: crack机械应力: mechanical stress热应力: heat stress相变应力: transformation stress气孔: blow hole铸铁: ingot铸钢: cast steel非铁合金: nonferrous alloy灰铸铁: gray cast-iorn孕育处理: inoculation球墨铸铁: spheroidal球化处理: sheroidisation可锻铸铁: ductile cast iron石墨: graphite蠕墨铸铁: vermicular cast iron热处理: heat processing铝合金: Al-alloy熔炼: fusion metallurgy铜合金: copper alloy氢脆: hydrogen brittleness1.2 铸造方法 ( casting method)手工造型: hand moulding机器造型: machine moulding金属型: metal mold casting金属模: permanent mould压力铸造: press casting熔模铸造: investment moulding蜡膜: cere离心铸造: centrifugal casting低压铸造: casting under low pressure 差压铸造: counter-pressure casting 陶瓷型铸造: shaw process1.3 铸造工艺设计浇注位置: pouring position分型面: mould joint活块: loose piece起模: patter drawing型芯: core型芯撑: chaplet工艺参数: processing parameter下芯: core setting合型: mould assembly冒口: casting head尺寸公差: dimensional tolerance尺寸公差带: tolerance zone机械加工余量: machining allowance 铸孔: core hole非标准: nonstandard label收缩率: rate of contraction线收缩: linear contraction体收缩: volume contraction起模斜度: pattern draft铸造圆角: curving of castings芯头: core register芯头间隙: clearance芯座: core print seat分型线: joint line分模线: die parting line1.4 铸造结构工艺性加强筋: rib reinforcement撒砂: stuccoing内腔: entocoele。

铸造工艺英语

铸造工艺英语
铸造工艺是一种传统的金属加工工艺，其基本原理是将金属材料熔化后，借助模具进行注入、凝固、成型等操作，最终得到所需的零件或工件。

在工业生产中，铸造工艺被广泛应用于汽车制造、航空航天、机械制造等领域。

铸造工艺需要涉及到多种技术和工具，包括模具设计、熔炼设备、铸造材料和工艺参数等。

同时，铸造工艺也需要严格控制各种因素，如温度、压力、流量等，以确保铸造零件的质量和性能。

在国际贸易和合作中，铸造工艺的相关术语和表达方式通常采用英语。

因此，掌握铸造工艺英语对于从事铸造工艺相关的人员具有重要意义。

以下是一些与铸造工艺相关的英语术语：
- Casting: 铸造
- Mold: 模具
- Foundry: 铸造厂
- Melting furnace: 熔炉
- Pouring: 浇注
- Solidification: 凝固
- Cooling: 冷却
- Defect: 缺陷
- Tolerance: 公差
- Dimension: 尺寸
- Core: 芯子
- Die casting: 压铸
- Investment casting: 精密铸造
- Sand casting: 砂铸
- Gravity casting: 重力铸造
- Pressure casting: 压力铸造
总之，铸造工艺英语是一个颇具实用性的语言技能，对于从事铸造工艺的工程师、技术人员和相关专业人员都具有重要意义。

铸造用英语词汇[1]

材料成型工艺根底局部0 绪论金属材料：metal material (MR)高分子材料：high-molecular material陶瓷材料：ceramic material复合材料：position material成形工艺：formation technology1 铸造铸造工艺：casting technique铸件：foundry goods 〔casting〕机器零件：machine part毛坯：blank力学性能：mechanical property砂型铸造：sand casting process型砂：foundry sand1.1 铸件成形理论根底合金：alloy铸造性能：casting property工艺性能：processing property收缩性：constringency偏析性：aliquation氧化性：oxidizability吸气性：inspiratory铸件构造：casting structure使用性能：service performance浇缺乏：misrun冷隔：cold shut夹渣：cinder inclusion粘砂：sand fusion缺陷：flaw, defect, falling流动性：flowing power铸型：cast (foundry mold)蓄热系数：thermal storage capacity浇注：pouring凝固：freezing收缩性：constringency逐层凝固：layer-by-layer freezing糊状凝固：mushy freezing结晶：crystal缩孔：shrinkage void缩松：shrinkage porosity顺序凝固：progressive solidification冷铁：iron chill补缩：feeding等温线法：constant temperature line method 内接圆法：inscribed circle method铸造应力：casting stress变形：deforming裂纹：crack机械应力：mechanical stress热应力：heat stress相变应力：transformation stress气孔：blow hole铸铁：ingot铸钢：cast steel非铁合金：nonferrous alloy灰铸铁：gray cast-iorn孕育处理：inoculation球墨铸铁：spheroidal球化处理：sheroidisation可锻铸铁：ductile cast iron石墨：graphite蠕墨铸铁：vermicular cast iron热处理：heat processing铝合金：Al-alloy熔炼：fusion metallurgy铜合金：copper alloy氢脆：hydrogen brittleness1.2 铸造方法〔casting method〕手工造型：hand moulding机器造型：machine moulding金属型：metal mold casting金属模：permanent mould压力铸造：press casting熔模铸造：investment moulding蜡膜：cere离心铸造：centrifugal casting低压铸造：casting under low pressure 差压铸造：counter-pressure casting 陶瓷型铸造：shaw process1.3 铸造工艺设计浇注位置：pouring position分型面：mould joint活块：loose piece起模：patter drawing型芯：core型芯撑：chaplet工艺参数：processing parameter下芯：core setting合型：mould assembly冒口：casting head尺寸公差：dimensional tolerance尺寸公差带：tolerance zone机械加工余量：machining allowance 铸孔：core hole非标准：nonstandard label收缩率：rate of contraction线收缩：linear contraction体收缩：volume contraction起模斜度：pattern draft铸造圆角：curving of castings芯头：core register芯头间隙：clearance芯座：core print seat分型线：joint line分模线：die parting line1.4 铸造构造工艺性加强筋：rib reinforcement撒砂：stuccoing内腔：entocoele2 金属塑性加工塑性加工：plastic working塑性：plastic property锻造：forge work冲压：punching轧制：rolling拉拔：drawing挤压：extruding细化晶粒：grain refinement热锻：hit-forging温锻：warm forging2.1 金属塑性加工理论根底塑性变形：plastic yield加工硬化：work-hardening韧性：ductility回复温度：return temperature再结晶：recrystallize再结晶退火：full annealing冷变形：cold deformation热变性：heat denaturation锻造比：forging ratio镦粗：upset拔长：pull out纤维组织：fibrous tissue锻造性能：forging property可锻性：forgeability变形抗力：resistance of deformation 化学成分：chemical constitution热脆性：hot brittleness冷脆性：cold-shortness变形速度：deformation velocity应力状态：stress condition变形温度：deformation temperature过热：overheating过烧：burning脱碳：carbon elimination始锻温度：initiation forging temperature 终锻温度：final forging temperature2.2 金属塑性加工方法自由锻：flat-die hammer冲孔：jetting弯曲：bend弯曲半径：bending radius切割：cut扭转：twist rotation错移：offsetting锻接：percussion根本工序：basic process辅助工序：auxiliary process精整工序：finishing process模锻：contour forging锻模：forging die胎膜锻：fetal membrane forging剪床：shearing machine冲床：backing-out punch冲裁：blanking弹性变形：elastic distortion塑性变形：plastic yield剪切变形：shearing deformation最小弯曲半径：minimum bending radius 曲率：angularity弯裂：rupture回弹：rebound辊轧：roll forming辊锻：roll forging斜轧：oblique rolling横轧：transverse rolling辗压：tamping drum挤压：extruding拉拔：draft2.3 塑性加工工艺设计工艺规程：process specification锻件图：forging drawing敷料：dressing锻件余量：forging allowance锻件公差：forging tolerance工夹具：clamping apparatus加热设备：firing equipment加热标准：heating schedule冷却标准：cooling schedule后续处理：after treatment分模面：die parting face冲孔连皮：punching the wad模锻斜度：draft angle圆角半径：radius of corner圆饼类锻件：circumcresent cake-like forging 长轴类锻件：long axis-like forging2.4 锻件构造工艺性锥体：cone斜面：cant空间曲线：curve in space粗糙度：degree of roughness2.5 冲压件构造工艺性3 焊接焊接：welding铆接：riverting熔焊：fusion welding压焊：press welding钎焊：braze welding3.1 焊接理论根底冶金：metallurgy电弧焊：arc welding气焊：acetylene welding电渣焊：electro-slag welding高能束焊：high energy welding电子焊：electronic welding激光焊：laser welding等离子焊：plasma welding电弧：electric arc阳极区：anode region阴极区：negative polarity弧柱区：arc stream正接法：electrode negative method反接法：opposition method脱氧剂：deoxidizing agent焊缝：welded seam焊缝区：weld zone熔合区：fusion area热影响区：heat-affected zone脆性断裂：brittle fracture过热区：overheated zone正火区：normalized zone相变区：phase change zone焊接应力：welding stress收缩变形：contraction distortion角变形：angular deformation弯曲变形：bend deformation扭曲变形：warping deformation波浪变形：wave transformation反变形法：reversible deformation method 刚性固定法：rigid fixing method预热：warming-up缓冷：slow cool焊后热处理：postweld heat treatment矫形处理：shape-righting3.2 焊接方法埋弧焊：hidden arc welding气体保护焊：gas shielded arc welding氩弧焊：argon welding熔化极氩弧焊：consumable electrode argon welding 钨极氩弧焊：argon tungsten-arc welding二氧化碳气体保护焊：CO2 gas shielded arc welding 碳弧焊：carbon arc welding碳弧气刨：carbon arc air gouging电渣焊：electro-slag welding高能焊：high grade energy welding等离子弧切割：plasma arc cutting (PAC)堆焊：bead weld电阻焊：resistance welding电焊：electric welding缝焊：seam welding压焊：press welding多点凸焊：multiple projection welding对焊：welding neck摩擦焊：friction welding扩散焊：diffusion welding硬钎料：brazing alloy软钎料：soft solder3.3 常用金属材料的焊接焊接性：weldability焊接方法：welding method焊接材料：welding material焊条：electrode焊剂：flux material碳素钢：carbon steel低碳钢：low carbon steel中碳钢：medium carbon steel高碳钢：high carbon steel低合金钢：lean alloy steel不锈钢：non-corrosive steel有色金属：nonferrous metal3.4 焊接工艺设计型材：sectional bar药皮：coating焊丝：soldering wire连续焊缝：continuous weld断续焊缝：intermittent weld应力集中：stress concentration焊接接头：soldered joint坡口：groove对接：abutting joint搭接：lap joint角接：corner joint4 粉末冶金〔power metallurgy〕粉末冶金成品：finished power metallurgical product 铁氧体：ferrite硬质合金：sintered-carbide高熔点金属：high-melting metal陶瓷：ceramic4.1 粉末冶金工艺理论根底压坯：pressed pact扩散：diffusion烧结：agglomeration固溶： solid solubility化合：bination4.2 粉末冶金的工艺流程制备：preparation预处理：anticipation复原法：reduction method电解法：electrolytic method雾化法：atomization粒度：grain size松装密度：loose density流动性：flowing power压缩性：pressibility筛分：screen separation混合：pounding制粒：pelletization过烧：superburning欠烧：underburnt5 金属复合成型技术自蔓延焊接：SHS welding热等静压：HIP准热等静压：PHIP5.1 液态成型技术与固态成型技术的复合高压铸造：high-pressure casting电磁泵：magnetic-pump压射成型：injection molding柱塞：plunger piston冲头：drift pin凝固法：freezing method挤压法：extrusion method转向节：knuckle pivot制动器：arresting gear5.2 金属半凝固、半熔融成型技术凝固：freezing半熔融：semi-vitreous触变铸造：thixotropy casting触变锻造：thixotropy forging注射成型：injection molding5.3 其他金属成型新技术快速凝固：flash set非晶态：amorphous溢流法：press over system喷射沉积：ejecting deposit爆炸复合法：explosion cladding method 扩散焊接：diffusion welding挤压：extruding轧制：roll down6 非金属材料成型技术6.1 高分子材料成型技术高分子材料：non-metal material 耐腐蚀：resistant material绝缘：insulation老化：ageing耐热性：heat-durability粘弹性：viscoelasticity塑料：plastic material橡胶：rubber合成纤维：synthetic fibre涂料：covering material粘结剂：agglomerant粘度：viscosity热塑性塑料：thermoplastic plastics 热固性塑料：thermosetting plastic 通用塑料：general-purpose plastics 工程塑料：engineering plastic薄膜：thin film增强塑料：reinforced plastics浇注塑料：pouring plastics注射塑料：injiection plastics挤出塑料：extrusion plastics吹塑塑料：blowing plastics模压塑料：die pressing plastics聚合物：ploymer semiconductor吸湿性：hygroscopic cargo定向作用：directional action生胶：green glue stock填料：carrier丁苯橡胶：SBR顺丁橡胶：BR氯丁橡胶：CR丁腈橡胶：NBR硅橡胶：Q聚氨酯橡胶：U压延：calender硫化：sulfuration胶粘剂：adhesive胶接：glue joint刹车片：brake block零件修复：parts renewal蜂窝夹层：honeyb core material 6.2 工业陶瓷制品的成型技术枯燥：drying坯料：blank润滑剂：anti-friction结合剂：binder热压铸：hot injiection moulding 6.3 非金属材料成型技术的新进展热压烧结：hot pressed sintering7 复合材料的成型技术复合材料：posite material树脂：resin7.1 金属复合材料的成型技术硼纤维：boron fiber钛合金：titanium alloy碳纤维：carbon filter等离子喷涂：plasma spraying浸渍法：immersion method锭坯：ingot blank7.2 聚合物基复合材料的成型技术晶须：whisker缠绕成形：enwind forming湿法缠绕：wet method enwind 7.3 陶瓷复合材料成型技术料浆：slurry溶胶-凝胶法：sol-gel method化学气相沉积： chemical vapor deposition (CVD) 原位：in situ8 材料成型方法的选择粉末冶金：powder metallurgy工程塑料：engineering plastics工程陶瓷：engineering ceramics。

材料成型工艺基础部分(中英文词汇对照)

材料成型工艺基础部分0 绪论金属材料：metal material (MR)高分子材料：high-molecular material陶瓷材料：ceramic material复合材料：composition material成形工艺：formation technology1 铸造铸造工艺：casting technique铸件：foundry goods （casting）机器零件：machine part毛坯：blank力学性能：mechanical property砂型铸造：sand casting process型砂：foundry sand1.1 铸件成形理论基础合金：alloy铸造性能：casting property工艺性能：processing property收缩性：constringency偏析性：aliquation氧化性：oxidizability吸气性：inspiratory铸件结构：casting structure使用性能：service performance浇不足：misrun冷隔：cold shut夹渣：cinder inclusion粘砂：sand fusion缺陷：flaw, defect, falling流动性：flowing power铸型：cast (foundry mold)蓄热系数：thermal storage capacity 浇注：pouring凝固：freezing收缩性：constringency逐层凝固：layer-by-layer freezing糊状凝固：mushy freezing结晶：crystal缩孔：shrinkage void缩松：shrinkage porosity顺序凝固：progressive solidification 冷铁：iron chill补缩：feeding等温线法：constant temperature line method 内接圆法：inscribed circle method铸造应力：casting stress变形：deforming裂纹：crack机械应力：mechanical stress热应力：heat stress相变应力：transformation stress气孔：blow hole铸铁：ingot铸钢：cast steel非铁合金：nonferrous alloy灰铸铁：gray cast-iorn孕育处理：inoculation球墨铸铁：spheroidal球化处理：sheroidisation可锻铸铁：ductile cast iron石墨：graphite蠕墨铸铁：vermicular cast iron热处理：heat processing铝合金：Al-alloy熔炼：fusion metallurgy铜合金：copper alloy氢脆：hydrogen brittleness1.2 铸造方法（casting method）手工造型：hand moulding机器造型：machine moulding金属型：metal mold casting金属模：permanent mould压力铸造：press casting熔模铸造：investment moulding蜡膜：cere离心铸造：centrifugal casting低压铸造：casting under low pressure 差压铸造：counter-pressure casting 陶瓷型铸造：shaw process1.3 铸造工艺设计浇注位置：pouring position分型面：mould joint活块：loose piece起模：patter drawing型芯：core型芯撑：chaplet工艺参数：processing parameter下芯：core setting合型：mould assembly冒口：casting head尺寸公差：dimensional tolerance 尺寸公差带：tolerance zone机械加工余量：machining allowance 铸孔：core hole非标准：nonstandard label收缩率：rate of contraction线收缩：linear contraction体收缩：volume contraction起模斜度：pattern draft铸造圆角：curving of castings芯头：core register芯头间隙：clearance芯座：core print seat分型线：joint line分模线：die parting line1.4 铸造结构工艺性加强筋：rib reinforcement撒砂：stuccoing内腔：entocoele2 金属塑性加工塑性加工：plastic working塑性：plastic property锻造：forge work冲压：punching轧制：rolling拉拔：drawing挤压：extruding细化晶粒：grain refinement 热锻：hit-forging温锻：warm forging2.1 金属塑性加工理论基础塑性变形：plastic yield加工硬化：work-hardening韧性：ductility回复温度：return temperature 再结晶：recrystallize再结晶退火：full annealing 冷变形：cold deformation热变性：heat denaturation锻造比：forging ratio镦粗：upset拔长：pull out纤维组织：fibrous tissue锻造性能：forging property可锻性：forgeability变形抗力：resistance of deformation化学成分：chemical constitution热脆性：hot brittleness冷脆性：cold-shortness变形速度：deformation velocity应力状态：stress condition变形温度：deformation temperature过热：overheating过烧：burning脱碳：carbon elimination始锻温度：initiation forging temperature 终锻温度：final forging temperature2.2 金属塑性加工方法自由锻：flat-die hammer冲孔：jetting弯曲：bend弯曲半径：bending radius切割：cut扭转：twist rotation错移：offsetting锻接：percussion基本工序：basic process辅助工序：auxiliary process精整工序：finishing process模锻：contour forging锻模：forging die胎膜锻：fetal membrane forging剪床：shearing machine冲床：backing-out punch冲裁：blanking弹性变形：elastic distortion塑性变形：plastic yield剪切变形：shearing deformation最小弯曲半径：minimum bending radius 曲率：angularity弯裂：rupture回弹：rebound辊轧：roll forming辊锻：roll forging斜轧：oblique rolling横轧：transverse rolling辗压：tamping drum挤压：extruding拉拔：draft2.3 塑性加工工艺设计工艺规程：process specification锻件图：forging drawing敷料：dressing锻件余量：forging allowance锻件公差：forging tolerance工夹具：clamping apparatus加热设备：firing equipment加热规范：heating schedule冷却规范：cooling schedule后续处理：after treatment分模面：die parting face冲孔连皮：punching the wad模锻斜度：draft angle圆角半径：radius of corner圆饼类锻件：circumcresent cake-like forging 长轴类锻件：long axis-like forging2.4 锻件结构工艺性锥体：cone斜面：cant空间曲线：curve in space粗糙度：degree of roughness2.5 冲压件结构工艺性3 焊接焊接：welding铆接：riverting熔焊：fusion welding压焊：press welding钎焊：braze welding3.1 焊接理论基础冶金：metallurgy电弧焊：arc welding气焊：acetylene welding电渣焊：electro-slag welding 高能束焊：high energy welding 电子焊：electronic welding激光焊：laser welding等离子焊：plasma welding电弧：electric arc阳极区：anode region阴极区：negative polarity弧柱区：arc stream正接法：electrode negative method反接法：opposition method脱氧剂：deoxidizing agent焊缝：welded seam焊缝区：weld zone熔合区：fusion area热影响区：heat-affected zone脆性断裂：brittle fracture过热区：overheated zone正火区：normalized zone相变区：phase change zone焊接应力：welding stress收缩变形：contraction distortion角变形：angular deformation弯曲变形：bend deformation扭曲变形：warping deformation波浪变形：wave transformation反变形法：reversible deformation method 刚性固定法：rigid fixing method预热：warming-up缓冷：slow cool焊后热处理：postweld heat treatment矫形处理：shape-righting3.2 焊接方法埋弧焊：hidden arc welding气体保护焊：gas shielded arc welding氩弧焊：argon welding熔化极氩弧焊：consumable electrode argon welding 钨极氩弧焊：argon tungsten-arc welding二氧化碳气体保护焊：CO2 gas shielded arc welding 碳弧焊：carbon arc welding碳弧气刨：carbon arc air gouging电渣焊：electro-slag welding高能焊：high grade energy welding等离子弧切割：plasma arc cutting (PAC)堆焊：bead weld电阻焊：resistance welding电焊：electric welding缝焊：seam welding压焊：press welding多点凸焊：multiple projection welding对焊：welding neck摩擦焊：friction welding扩散焊：diffusion welding 硬钎料：brazing alloy软钎料：soft solder3.3 常用金属材料的焊接焊接性：weldability焊接方法：welding method焊接材料：welding material 焊条：electrode焊剂：flux material碳素钢：carbon steel低碳钢：low carbon steel中碳钢：medium carbon steel 高碳钢：high carbon steel 低合金钢：lean alloy steel 不锈钢：non-corrosive steel 有色金属：nonferrous metal 3.4 焊接工艺设计型材：sectional bar药皮：coating焊丝：soldering wire连续焊缝：continuous weld断续焊缝：intermittent weld应力集中：stress concentration焊接接头：soldered joint坡口：groove对接：abutting joint搭接：lap joint角接：corner joint4 粉末冶金（power metallurgy）粉末冶金成品：finished power metallurgical product 铁氧体：ferrite硬质合金：sintered-carbide高熔点金属：high-melting metal陶瓷：ceramic4.1 粉末冶金工艺理论基础压坯：pressed compact扩散：diffusion烧结：agglomeration固溶： solid solubility化合：combination4.2 粉末冶金的工艺流程制备：preparation预处理：anticipation还原法：reduction method电解法：electrolytic method雾化法：atomization粒度：grain size松装密度：loose density流动性：flowing power压缩性：compressibility筛分：screen separation混合：compounding制粒：pelletization过烧：superburning欠烧：underburnt5 金属复合成型技术自蔓延焊接：SHS welding热等静压：HIP准热等静压：PHIP5.1 液态成型技术与固态成型技术的复合高压铸造：high-pressure casting电磁泵：magnetic-pump压射成型：injection molding柱塞：plunger piston冲头：drift pin凝固法：freezing method挤压法：extrusion method转向节：knuckle pivot制动器：arresting gear5.2 金属半凝固、半熔融成型技术凝固：freezing半熔融：semi-vitreous触变铸造：thixotropy casting触变锻造：thixotropy forging注射成型：injection molding5.3 其他金属成型新技术快速凝固：flash set非晶态：amorphous溢流法：press over system喷射沉积：ejecting deposit爆炸复合法：explosion cladding method 扩散焊接：diffusion welding挤压：extruding轧制：roll down6 非金属材料成型技术6.1 高分子材料成型技术高分子材料：non-metal material耐腐蚀：resistant material绝缘：insulation老化：ageing耐热性：heat-durability粘弹性：viscoelasticity塑料：plastic material橡胶：rubber合成纤维：synthetic fibre涂料：covering material粘结剂：agglomerant粘度：viscosity热塑性塑料：thermoplastic plastics 热固性塑料：thermosetting plastic 通用塑料：general-purpose plastics 工程塑料：engineering plastic薄膜：thin film增强塑料：reinforced plastics浇注塑料：pouring plastics注射塑料：injiection plastics挤出塑料：extrusion plastics吹塑塑料：blowing plastics模压塑料：die pressing plastics 聚合物：ploymer semiconductor吸湿性：hygroscopic cargo定向作用：directional action生胶：green glue stock填料：carrier丁苯橡胶：SBR顺丁橡胶：BR氯丁橡胶：CR丁腈橡胶：NBR硅橡胶：Q聚氨酯橡胶：U压延：calender硫化：sulfuration胶粘剂：adhesive胶接：glue joint刹车片：brake block零件修复：parts renewal蜂窝夹层：honeycomb core material 6.2 工业陶瓷制品的成型技术干燥：drying润滑剂：anti-friction结合剂：binder热压铸：hot injiection moulding 6.3 非金属材料成型技术的新进展热压烧结：hot pressed sintering7 复合材料的成型技术复合材料：composite material树脂：resin7.1 金属复合材料的成型技术硼纤维：boron fiber钛合金：titanium alloy碳纤维：carbon filter等离子喷涂：plasma spraying浸渍法：immersion method锭坯：ingot blank7.2 聚合物基复合材料的成型技术晶须：whisker缠绕成形：enwind forming湿法缠绕：wet method enwind7.3 陶瓷复合材料成型技术溶胶-凝胶法：sol-gel method化学气相沉积： chemical vapor deposition (CVD) 原位：in situ8 材料成型方法的选择粉末冶金：powder metallurgy工程塑料：engineering plastics工程陶瓷：engineering ceramics。

铸造术语中英文对照

一、基本术语1.铸造： casting , founding , foundry2.砂型铸造： Sand casting process3.特种铸造： Special casting process4.铸件： casting5.毛坯铸件： Rough casting6.砂型铸件： Sand casting7.试制铸件： Pilot casting8.铸态铸件： as-cast casting9.铸型[型]： mold10.铸造工艺： Casting process, foundry technology11.铸造用材料： Foundry materials12.铸造工艺材料： Consumable materials13.铸造设备： Foundry equipment, foundry facilities14.铸工： Caster, founder, foundry worker15.铸造工作者： foundryman16.铸造车间： Foundry shop17.铸造厂： Foundry18.铸造分厂： Attached foundry, captive foundry, tied foundry19.铸造三废： Foundry affluent20.一批： A batch21.一炉： A cast, a heat, a melt22.铸焊： Cast welding, flow welding23.铸锭： ingot二、铸造合金及熔炼、浇注2.1铸造合金基础术语1.铸造合金： Cast alloy2.共晶合金系： Eutectic alloy system3.共晶合金： Eutectic alloy4.亚共晶合金： Hypoeutectic alloy5.过共晶合金： Hypereutectic alloy6.共晶团： Eutectic cell7.共晶温度： Eutectic temperature8.共晶转变：Eutectic reaction, eutectic transformation9.共晶组织： Eutectic structure10.铸造复合材料： Cast composite11.定向共晶复合材料： Directional eutectic composite12.非晶态合金： noncrystalline alloy13.合金元素： Alloying element14.杂质合金： Tramp element15.合金遗传性： Alloy heredity16.铸态组织： As-cast structure17.铁碳相图： iron-carbon phase diagram18.碳化物： Carbide19.渗碳物： cementite20.碳化物形成元素： Carbide forming element21.单铸试块： Separated test bar of casting22.附铸试块： test lug23.本体试样： Test specimen from casting itself24.过热： Superheating25.过冷： supercooling, undercooling26.成分过冷： constitutional supercooling27.过冷度： degree of undercooling28.加热相变点[Ac相变点]： Ac transformation temperature29.冷却相变点[Ar相变点]： Ar transformation temperature30.结晶： Crystallization31.形核[成核]： Nucleation32.均质形核[自发形核]： Homogeneous nucleation33.非均质形核[非自发形核]： Heterogeneous nucleation34.动力形核： Dynamic nucleation35.大冲击形核： Big bang nucleation36.形核剂： nucleant37.形核率： Nucleation rate38.成长： Growth39.内生生长： Endogenous growth40.外生生长： Exogenous growth41.共生生长： Coupled growth42.小平面型生长： Faceted growth43.非小平面生长： nonfaceted growth44.晶体生长界面[界面]： Growth interface of crystal, interface45.吸气（金属）： Gas absorption (metal)2.2铸钢1.铸钢： Cast steel2.铸造碳钢： Carbon cast steel3.铸造合金钢： Alloy cast steel4.低合金铸钢： Low alloy cast steel5.微量合金化铸钢： Micro-alloying cast steel, trace alloying cast steel6.铁素体铸钢： ferritic cast steel7.奥氏体铸钢： Austenitic cast steel8.不锈钢： Stainless steel9.无磁性铸钢： Non-magnetic cast steel10.高锰钢： Austenitic manganese steel, high manganese steel11.高强度铸钢： High strength cast steel12.超高强度铸钢： Ultra high strength cast steel13.耐磨铸钢： Wear resisting cast steel14.耐热铸钢： Heat resisting cast steel15.耐蚀铸钢： Corrosion resisting cast steel16.石墨钢： Graphitic steel17.铸钢锚链钢： Cast steel for chain cables2.3铸铁1.铸铁： Cast iron2.合成铸铁： Synthetic cast iron3.共晶铸铁： Eutectic cast iron4.亚共晶铸铁： Hypoeutectic cast iron5.过共晶铸铁： Hypereutectic cast iron6.灰铸铁[片墨铸铁]： Flake graphite cast iron, gray cast iron7.球墨铸铁[球铁]： ductile iron, nodular graphite iron,spheroidal graphite cast iron8.高韧性球墨铸铁： High ductility nodular graphite iron9.中锰球墨铸铁： Medium manganese ductile iron10.中硅球墨铸铁： Medium silicon nodular iron11.可锻铸铁[马铁]： Malleable cast iron12.白心可锻铸铁： White heart malleable cast iron13.黑心可锻铸铁： Black heart malleable cast iron14.花心可锻铸铁： partially graphitized makkeable cast iron15.铁素体可锻铸铁： ferritic malleable cast iron16.珠光体可锻铸铁： pearlitic malleable cast iron17.球墨可锻铸铁： spheroidal graphite malleable cast iron18.蠕墨铸铁[蠕铁，紧密石墨铁]： Vermicular graphite cast iron, compactedgraphite cast iron19.白口铸铁： White cast iron20.麻口铸铁： Mottled cast iron21.奥氏体铸铁： Austenitic cast iron22.贝氏体铸铁： bainitic cast iron23.贝氏体球墨铸铁： bainitic ductile cast iron, austferriticductile cast iron24.等温热处理球墨铸铁： austempered ductile iron, ADI25.贝氏体白口铸铁： bainitic white cast iron26.针状铸铁： Acicular cast iron27.马氏体铸铁： martensitic cast iron28.铁素体铸铁： ferritic cast iron29.珠光体铸铁： pearlitic cast iron30.索氏体铸铁： sorbitic cast iron31.合金铸铁： Alloy cast iron32.低合金铸铁： Low alloy cast iron33.铬铸铁： Chromium cast iron34.高铬铸铁： High chromium cast iron35.高硅铸铁： High silicon cast iron36.中硅铸铁： Medium silicon cast iron37.高磷铸铁： High phosphorus cast iron38.铝铸铁： Aluminum cast iron39.高铝铸铁： High aluminum cast iron40.镍铸铁： Nickel cast iron41.硼铸铁： Boron cast iron42.高级铸铁： High grade cast iron43.高强度铸铁： High duty cast iron, high strength castiron44.工程铸铁： Engineering cast iron45.特种铸铁： Special cast iron46.抗磨铸铁： Abrasion resistant cast iron47.冷硬铸铁[激冷铸铁]： Chilled cast iron48.耐磨铸铁： Wear resisting cast iron49.耐热铸铁： Heat resisting cast iron50.耐蚀铸铁： Corrosion resistant cast iron51.耐酸铸铁： Acid resisting cast iron52.密烘铸铁： Meehanite cast iron53.孕育铸铁： Inoculated cast iron54.总碳量： Total carbon55.碳当量： Carbon equivalent56.碳当量仪： eutectometer57.共晶度： Carbon saturation degree58.硅碳比： Silicon-carbon ratio59.锰硫比： manganese-sulphur ratio60.铸铁石墨形态： Graphite morphology of cast iron61.片状石墨[片墨]： Flake graphite62.球状石墨[球墨]： Nodular graphite, spheroidal carbon63.絮团状石墨[退火t]： Temper graphite, annealing carbon64.团絮石墨： quasi-spheroidal temper graphite65.蠕虫状石墨[蠕墨、紧密石墨]： Compacted graphite, vermicular graphite66.开花状石墨： Exploded graphite67.初生石墨： Primary graphite68.过冷石墨： undercooled graphite69.共晶石墨： Eutectic graphite70.共晶碳化物： Eutectic carbide71.游离碳： Free carbon72.石墨化： graphitizing73.石墨退火化： graphitizing annealing74.石墨化度： graphitizing grade75.石墨化因子： graphitizing factor76.石墨面积率： Percentage of graphite area77.阻碍石墨化元素： hindered graphitizing element78.墨化剂： graphitizer79.石墨球化处理[球化处理]： nodularizing treatment of graphite80.球化率： percent of spheroidization81.石墨球数[球墨数]： number of nodular graphites82.球化剂： nodulizer, nodulizing alloy, spheroidalagent, spheroidizer83.镁焦： magcoke, impregnated coke84.型内球化： in-mold nodularization85.密容加镁包： sealed spheroidizing treatment ladle86.干扰元素： Interference element87.石墨蠕化处理[蠕化处理]： vermiculation of graphite88.蠕化剂： vermicular agent89.蠕化率： percent of vermiculation90.铸铁净化： Purification of cast iron91.三角试块： Wedge test-piece2.4铸造有色合金1.铸造有色合金[铸造非铁合金]： Nonferrous cast alloy2.铸造铝合金： Cast aluminum alloy3.高强度铸造铝合金： High strength cast aluminum alloy4.铝硅合金： Aluminum-silicon alloy5.共晶铝硅合金： Eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy6.亚共晶铝硅合金： Hypoeutectic aluminum-silicon alloy7.过共晶铝硅合金： Hypereutectic aluminum-silicon alloy8.初生硅： Primary silicon phase9.共晶硅： Eutectic silicon phase10.铝镁合金： Aluminum-magnesium alloy11.铝铜合金： Aluminum-copper alloy12.铝锌合金： Aluminum-zinc alloy13.铝锂合金： Aluminum-lithium alloy14.铸造铜合金： Cast copper alloy15.铸造黄铜： Cast brass16.硅黄铜： Silicon brass17.高强度黄铜： High strength brass18.青铜： Bronze19.锡青铜： Tin bronze20.铝青铜： Aluminum bronze21.铅青铜： Lead bronze22.硅青铜： Silicon bronze23.铸造铜铬合金[铬青铜]： Cast copper-chromium alloy24.高阻尼铜合金： High damping copper alloy25.螺旋桨用铸造铜合金： Cast copper alloy for propeller26.铸造镁合金： Cast magnesium alloy27.铸造锌合金： Cast zinc alloy28.低熔点合金： Fusible alloys29.轴承合金[减摩合金]： antifrictional alloys, bearing alloys30.巴氏合金： Babbitt metal, white metal31.钛合金： Titanium alloy32.铸造高温合金： cast superalloy33.镍基铸造高温合金： nickel-base cast superalloy34.蒙乃尔合金： monel metal35.钴基铸造高温合金： cobalt-base cast superalloy36.铁基铸造高温合金： iron-base cast superalloy37.压铸合金： diecast alloy38.压铸铝合金： aluminium alloy39.铸压镁合金： magnesium diecast alloy40.压铸铜合金： copper diecast alloy41.压铸锌合金： zinc diecast alloy42.锌当量： Zinc equivalent2.5熔炼基本术语1.熔炼： Smelting2.熔化率： Melting rate3.熔炼损耗[熔损、烧损]： Total melting loss4.挥发损耗： Volatilizing loss5.元素烧损： Melting of alloying element6.元素增加： Gain of element7.熔池： Bath8.溶剂： Flux9.除气剂： Degassing flux10.覆盖剂： Covering flux11.炉料： Charge12.金属炉料： Metallic charge13.中间合金[母合金]： Master alloy14.回炉料： Foundry returns15.废金属料： Scrap16.炉料计算[配料]： Charge calculation17.熔渣[炉渣]： Slag18.沉渣： Sludge19.浮渣： Cinder, dross, scum20.碱性渣： Basic slag21.酸性渣： Acid slag22.造渣： Slag forming23.出渣： deslagging24.出渣口： Slag hole, slag notch25.炉衬： Furnace lining26.碱性炉衬： Basic lining27.酸性炉衬： Acid lining28.耐火粘土： Fireclay29.碱度[碱性指数]： index of basicity30.补炉： Patching31.炉龄[炉衬寿命]： Furnace campaign32.开炉： Blowing in, power on33.炉内气氛： Furnace atmosphere34.炉气分析： Flue gas analysis35.控制气氛： Controlled atmosphere36.炉前分析： On-the-spot sample analysis37.出炉口： Tap hole38.出炉温度： Tapping temperature39.重熔： remelting40.真空自耗电弧重熔： Consumable electrode vacuum arcrefining41.喷射冶金： Injection metallurgy42.区域熔炼： Zone melting43.悬浮熔炼： Levitation melting, suspension melting44.真空熔炼： Vacuum melting45.坩埚炉： Crucible furnace46.坩埚： Crucible, pot47.保温炉： Holding furnace48.反射炉： reverberatory furnace49.感应电炉： Electric induction furnace50.凝壳炉： Skull furnace51.增碳： recarburizing2.6铸钢熔炼1.铸钢熔炼： Smelting of steel2.不氧化熔炼法： Dead melting3.氧化熔炼法： Oxidizing melting4.氧化期[沸腾期]： Oxidizing stage, boil stage5.氧化气氛： Oxidizing atmosphere6.氧化渣： Oxidizing slag7.还原期： Blocking stage, deoxidizing stag8.还原气氛： Reducing atmosphere9.还原渣： Reducing slag10.白渣： White slag11.电弧炉： Electric arc furnace, direct electricarc furnace12碱性电弧炉： Basic electric arc furnace13.酸性电弧炉： Acid electric arc furnace14.电渣熔炼： Electro-slag melting15.电渣炉： Electro-slag furnace16.氩氧脱碳法[AOD法]：AOD process, Argon-OxygenDecarburization process17.脱碳： decarburization18.脱氧： deoxidation19.脱氧剂： deoxidizer20.脱磷： dephosphorization21.脱硫 desulphurization22.脱硫剂 desulphurizer2.7铸铁熔炼1.铸铁熔炼： smelting of cast iron2.双联熔炼： duplexing smelting3.冲天炉： cupola4.大间距双排风口冲天炉： spacious twin-tuyeres cupola,Twin-wind blast system cupola5.多排小风口冲天炉： multiple row small tuyeres cupola6.卡腰冲天炉： Waist shaped cupola7.热风冲天炉： hot blast cupola8.水冷冲天炉： water-cooled cupola9.水冷热风无炉衬冲天炉： hot blast liningless cupola with watercooling10.无焦冲天炉： cokeless cupola11.碱性冲天炉： basic cupola12.酸性冲天炉： acid cupola13.生铁： pig iron14.铸造生铁： foundry pig iron15.焦炭： coke16.铸造焦炭[铸造焦]： foundry coke17.固定碳： fixed carbon18.铁焦比[焦比]： iron coke ratio19.底焦： coke bed20.层焦： coke split21.隔焦： extra split22.接力焦： buffer coke charge23.铁合金： ferro-alloy24.有效高度： effective height25.炉缸： cupola well26.前炉： forehearth27密筋炉胆： ribbed preheating jacket28.出铁槽： cupola spout29.熔化带： melting zone30.风带： air belt, air box, wind box31.风口： tuyere32.风口比： tuyere ratio33.炉壁效应： cupola wall effect34.冲天炉特性曲线： cupola operation chart35.冲天炉炉前控制： front control of molten iron ofcupola,inspection in front of cupola36.冲天炉检控仪： tester and controller for cupolamelting37.熔化密度： melting intensity38.风量： blast volume39.送风速度： blast intensity40.送风压力： blast pressure41.富氧送风： oxygen enriched blast42.脱湿送风： dehumidification blast43.预热送风： hot blast44.送风预热器： blast preheater45.火花捕集器： spark arrestor46.冲天炉加料机： cupola charging machine47.爬式加料机： skip hoist48.冲天炉自动加料机： automatic cupola charging equipment49.电磁盘： electromagnetic chuck50.电磁配铁秤： electromagnetic weighing balancer51.吸碳： carbon pick-up52.棚料[搭棚]： bridging53.封炉： banking the cupola54.打炉： cupola drop55.碎铁机： breaker2.8金属液处理1.精炼： refining2.真空精炼： vacuum refining3.炉外精炼： ladle refining4.精炼溶剂[精炼剂]： refining flux5.除气[起气]： degassing6.真空除气： vacuum degassing7.吹气净化： blow purifying8.多孔塞法： porous plug process9.变质： modification10.变质剂： modification agent, modificator11.磷变质： phosphorus modification12.钠变质： sodium modification13.长效变质剂： permanent modificator14.型内变质： in-mold modification15.孕育： inoculation16.瞬时孕育[后孕育]： instantaneous inoculation,late stage inoculation, post inculation17.随流孕育： metal-stream inoculation18.型内孕育： in-mold inoculation19.浇口盆孕育： pouring basin inoculation20.孕育剂： inoculant, inoculating agent21.孕育期： inoculation period22.孕育衰退： inoculation fading23.孕育不良：abnormal inoculation, under-inoculation24.合金化处理： alloying treatment25.喂线法[喂丝法]： CQ process, wire feeding process,wire injection process26.摇包： shaking ladle27.电磁搅拌： electromagnetic agitation28.静置： holding, stewing29.扒渣： slagging-off30.型内过滤： in-mold filtering31.型内合金化： in-mold alloying32.晶粒细化： grain refinement33.晶粒细化剂： grain refiner2.9浇注1.浇注： pouring2.保护气氛浇注： pouring under controlled atmosphere3.真空浇注： vacuum pouring4.自动浇注装置： automatic pouring device5.自动浇注机： automatic pouring machine6.电磁浇注机： electromagnetic pouring machine7.捣冒口： churning, pumping8.点冒口[补注]： hot topping up, teeming9.浇包： ladle10.底浇包： bottom pouring ladle11.转运包： transfer ladle12.金属残液： heel13.冷金属： cold metal14.压铁： weight三、造型材料3.1基本术语1.造型材料： molding material2.铸造用砂[砂]： foundry sand, sand3.原砂[新砂]： base sand, new sand, raw sand4.旧砂： used sand5.回用砂： reconditioned sand6.再生砂： reclaimed sand]7.枯砂[焦砂]： burned sand]8.热砂： hot sand9.废砂： waste sand3.2原砂1.标准砂： standard sand2.硅砂[石英砂]： silica sand3.刚玉砂： alumina sand4.镁砂： magnesite sand5.锆砂： zircon sand6.镁橄榄石砂[橄榄石砂]： fosterite sand, olivine sand7.铬铁矿砂： chromite sand8.煤矸石砂： coal gangue sand9.熟料砂： chamotte sand10.炭粒砂： carbon sand11.石灰石砂： limestone sand12.天然砂： natural sand13.人工砂[人造砂]： artificial sand14.水洗砂： washed-out sand15.擦洗砂： scrubbed sand16.浮选砂[精选砂]： floated sand17.松散密度[砂型]： aerated density, riddled sand18.原砂细度[AFS平均细度]： AFS fineness number,fineness number,grain fineness number19.原砂细度[原砂颗粒尺寸]： particle size of base sand20.原砂颗粒分布： grain size distribution of base sand21.原砂角形因数[原砂角形系数，原砂粒形系数]：angularity of base sand22.原砂颗粒形状： grain shape of base sand3.3粘结剂1.粘结剂： binder2.无机粘结剂： inorganic binder3.粘土： clay4.高岭土： kaolin5.膨润土： bentonite6.钠基膨润土： sodium bentonite7.钙基膨润土： calcium bentonite8.活化膨润土： activated bentonite9.有机膨润土： organic bentonite10.有效粘土： effective clay11.活粘土： active clay12.枯粘土（死粘土）： burned clay13.白泥： white clay14.水玻璃粘结剂： sodium silicate binder, water glass binder15.水玻璃波美浓度： Be’concentration of water glass16.水玻璃模数： sodium silicate modulus17.有机粘结剂： organic binder18.纸浆废液[纸浆残液，亚硫酸盐纸浆废液]： lignin liquor19.油类粘结剂： oil based binder20.干性油： drying oil21.合脂粘结剂： synthetic fat binder22.渣油粘结剂： residual oil binder23.自硬粘结剂[冷硬粘结剂]： cold setting binder, no bake binderself-hardening binder24.树脂粘结剂： resin binder25.热固性树脂粘结剂： thermosetting resin binder26.热塑性树脂粘结剂： thermoplastic resin binder27.铸造用树脂： foundry resin28.自硬树脂系[非烘树脂系]： no-bake resin system,self-hardening resin system29.气硬树脂系： gas cured resin system30.热硬树脂系： hot hardening resin system31.呋喃树脂： furan resin32.酚醛树脂： phenol-formaldehyde(PF)resin33.碱性酚醛树脂： alkaline phenolic resin34.糖醇： furfuryl-alcohol35.游离甲醛含量： free formaldehyde content36.游离苯醛含量： free phenol content37.粘结效率： bonding efficiency3.4辅助材料1.型砂附加物： sand addlitives2.煤粉： seacoal3.煤粉代用品： seacoal substitutes4.铸型涂料： dressing mold coating, paint5.砂型涂料： sand coating6.模样涂料： pattern paint7.水基涂料： water-base mold coating8.非水基涂料： non-aqueous coating, non-aqueous paint9.自于涂料： self-drying dressing10.摊开系数[铺展系数]： spreading coefficient11.触变性： thixotropy12.悬浮剂： suspending agent13.分型剂： parting agent14.脱模剂： stripping agent15.固化剂[硬化剂]： hardener16.有机酯： organic ester17.溃散剂： break-down accelerator, break-down agent18.发热剂： exothermic mixture19.冒口覆盖剂： riser cover20.补芯膏： core mud4.5型砂和芯砂1.型砂[造型混合料]： molding mixture, molding sand2.芯砂： core sand3.合成砂： synthetic sand4.粘土砂： clay-bonded sand5.天然型砂[天然粘土砂]： natural molding sand,naturally clay-bonded sand6.红砂： red sand7.面砂： facing sand8.背砂[填充砂]： backing sand9.单一砂： unit sand10.调匀砂： temper sand11.湿型砂： green molding sand, green sand12.煤粉： black sand13.烂泥砂[嘛泥]： loam14.油砂： oil-bonded sand15.合脂砂： synthetic fatty acid bonded sand16.石墨型砂： graphite mold sand17.化学硬化砂： chemical hardening sand18.自硬砂： self-hardening sand, no-bake sand19.水泥砂： cement sand20.水玻璃砂： sodium silicate-bonded sand21.酯硬水玻璃砂： ester cured sodium silicate sand, sodium silicate-ester no-bake sand 22.树脂自硬砂： no-bake resin sand,self-hardening resin sand23.呋喃树脂自硬砂： no-bake furan resin sand24.酚醛尿烷树脂自硬砂： pep-set no-bake sand,phenolic resin no-bake sand 25.酯固化碱性酚醛树脂自硬砂： ester cured alkaline phenolicresin no-bake sand26.磷酸盐自硬砂： phosphate no-bake sand27.流态砂： castable sand, fluid sand28.气硬砂[冷芯盒砂]： cold box sand, gas hardening sand29.热硬树脂砂： hot hardening resin sand30.覆膜砂： precoated sand, resin coated sand31.壳型（芯）树脂砂： shell mold (core) resin sand32.热芯盒砂： hot box sand33.结球（型砂）： agglomeration (molding sand)3.6型砂性能及试验1.型砂试验： sand testing2.原砂试验： base sand testing3.型砂试样： sand specimen4.型砂膨胀试验： sand expansion testing5.型砂高温试验： elevated temperature testing of sands6.差热分析： differential thermal analysis7.型砂试验仪： sand tester8.铸造用标准筛： standard sieves for foundry9.筛析： screen analysis10.沉降分选： decantation, elutriation11.型砂强度： sand strength12.湿强度： green strength13.干强度： dry strength14.热强度： hot strength15.热湿拉强度： hot wet tensile strength16.风干强度： air dried strength17.型砂韧度： toughness18.破碎指数： shatter index19.起模性： liftability20.表面安定性： surface stability index(SSI)21.残留强度： retained strength22.溃散性： collapsibility23.落砂性： knockout capability24.砂型（芯）硬度： mold hardness25.紧实度： degree of ramming26.紧实率： compactability27.舂实性： rammability28.流动性（砂）： flowability(sand)29.成型性： moldability30.孔隙率： porosity31.透气孔： permeability32.发气量[发气性]： gas evolution33.发气率[发气速度]： gas evolution rate34.退让性[容让性]： deformability rate35.热变形[型砂]： hot deformation (mold sand)36.吸湿性： moisture absorption37.粘模性： stickiness38.保存性（型砂）： preservability(mold sand)39.可使用时间： bench life, working time40.型砂耐火度： refractoriness of molding sand41.微粉含量： micro-grains content42.含泥量： clay content43.含水量[水分]： moisture content44.型砂酸碱度值[型砂pH值]： pH value of sand45.酸耗值： acid demand value46.灼烧减量[灼减]： loss on ignition47.型砂缺陷倾向： defect tendency of molding sand48.胶质价： colloid index49.膨润值： swelling value50.膨胀指数： swelling index51.吸蓝量试验： methylene blue value test52.有效膨润土量： effective bentonite content53.耐用性[复用性]： durability54.涂刷性： brushability55.覆膜砂熔点： melting point of precoated sand四、铸造工艺设计及工艺装备4.1基本术语1.铸造性能： castability2.流动性(金属)： fluidity(metal)3.充型能力： mold-folling capacity4.充型流速[浇注]： delivery rate, pouring rate5.充型时间： filling time6.浇注温度： pouring temperature7.比浇注速度： specific pouring rate8.浇注时间： pouring time9.平衡分配系数： equilibrium distribution,equilibrium partition ratio10.凝固： solidification11.凝固温度范围： solidification range12.凝固时间： solidification time13.均衡凝固： proportional solidification14.同时凝固： simultaneous solidification15.顺序凝固[方向凝固]： directional solidification16.无溶质再分配凝固[无偏析凝固]： partitionless solidification, segregationless solidification17.收缩： contraction18.液态收缩： liquid contraction19.凝固收缩： solidification contraction20.固态收缩： solid contraction21.液-固收缩： liquid-solid contraction22.自由收缩： free contraction23.受阻收缩： hindered contraction24.收缩余量： shrinkage allowance25.缩前膨胀[共晶石墨化膨胀]：eutectic graphitizing expansion26.收缩应力： contraction stress27.热应力： thermal stress28.相变应力： phase change stress,transformation stress29.铸造应力： casting stress30.残留应力[残余应力]： residual stress31.合金线收缩率[自由线收缩率]： alloy linear contraction,free linear contraction coefficient32.铸件线收缩率： casting linear contraction coefficient,casting linear shirinkage coefficient33.热裂倾向性： tendency to hot tearing4.2铸件工艺设计1.铸造工艺设计： casting process design2.铸造工艺计算机辅助设计[铸造工艺CAD]： computer-aided design of thecastingprocess, casting process CAD 3.实体造型： constructive soild geometry,solid modeling4.充型分析： mold filling analysis5.铸造工艺装备设计： foundry tools design6.铸造工艺图： foundry molding drawing7.铸造工艺卡： foundry process card8.铸型装配图： mold assembly drawing9.铸件图[毛坯图]： mold assembly rough casting10.铸造工艺设备： preparation for casting technique11.铸件设计： casting design12.铸件基准面： reference face for machining of casting13.铸合结构： cast fabricated constructure14.分型面： mold joint, mold parting, parting face15.不平分型面： irregular joint, irregular parting,match parting16.阶梯分型面： stepped joint, stepped parting17.过渡角： transition angle18.分型负数： joint allowance, parting allowance19.浇注位置： pouring position20.工艺补正量： design modification, moldingallowance21.吃砂量： mold thickness22.补贴： pad23.交接壁： intersection24.十字交接[Ⅹ形交接]： x-junction25.内圆角[圆角]： fillet26.热节： hot spot27.铸筋[铸肋]： ribs28.加强筋[加强肋]： stiffening ribs29.冷铁： densener, chill30.外冷铁： surface densener31.内冷铁： internal densener32.暗冷铁： coated chill, indirect chill33.强制冷却： forced cooling34.起模斜度： pattern draft35.上型[上箱]： cope, top part36.下型[下箱]： bottom part, drag37.型冷时间： mold cooling time38.型腔： mold cavity39.造型余量： molding allowance40.砂芯设计： sand core design41.芯头： core print42.芯头间隙： core print clearance43.芯头斜度： core taper44.芯座： core seat45.定位芯头： locating print46.加大芯头： enlarged core print,strengthened core print47.工艺孔： technological hole48.铸件凝固数值模拟： numerical simulation of casting solidification49.前处理： pre-processing50.潜热处理： latent heat treatment51.网格剖分： enmeshment, mesh generation4.3浇冒口系统1.浇注系统： gating system, running system2.浇注系统设计： design of gating system3.浇道比： gating ratio4.封闭式浇注系统： choked running system, pressurized gatingsystem5.半封闭式浇注系统： enlarged runner system6.开放式浇注系统： non-pressurized gating system,unchoked running system7.阶梯式浇注系统： step gating system8.缝隙式浇注系统： slot gate system9.离心集渣浇注系统： whirl gate dirt trap system10.阻流浇注系统： choked runner system11.冒口浇注系统： feeder head gating, riser gating12.顶注式浇注系统： top gating system13.雨淋式浇注系统： shower gate system14.底注式浇注系统： bottom gating system15.中注式浇注系统： parting-line gating system16.垂直浇注系统： vertical gate system17.等流量浇注系统： equal-volume pressurized system,flow-rate equalized gating18.阻流截面： choked area19.大孔出流： large orifice discharge20.浇口盆[外浇口]： pouring basin21.浇口塞： blanking-off plug22.浇口杯： pouring cup23.直浇道： sprue24.直浇道窝： sprue base25.横浇道： runner26.集渣横浇道： skim runner27.集渣装置（浇注系统）： dirt traps ( in gating system )28.反应室（浇注系统）： reaction chamber ( in gating system )29.内浇道： ingate30.压边浇口： lip runner, kiss runner31.牛角浇口： horn gate32.挡渣片： baffle core33.过滤片[过滤网]： filter screen, strainer core34.冒口： riser, feeder head35.明冒口： open riser36.暗冒口： blind riser37.侧冒口： side riser38.热冒口： hot riser, hot top39.保温冒口： insulating riser40.发热冒口： exothermic riser41.电热冒口： electric arc feed42.压力冒口： pressure riser43.发气压力冒口： gas-delivered pressure riser44.大气压力冒口： atmospheric riser45.易割冒口： knock-off head46.离心集渣冒口： whirl-gate riser47.冷冒口： cold riser48.出气冒口[出气口]： flow off, pop, riser vent, whistler49.冒口设计： riser design50.内接圆法： inscribed circle method51.模数计算法（冒口）： moduli calculation method52.周界商： perimetrischen quotient53.冒口效率： riser efficiency54.补缩： feeding55.有效补缩距离： effective feeding distance,feeding zone56.补缩通道： feeding channel57.反补缩： inverse feeding58.冒口根： riser pad59.冒口颈： riser neck60.冒口圈： feeder bush, riser bush61.冒口套： heat insulating feeder sleeve62.冒口窝： riser base63.冒口高度： riser height64.易割片： knockoff core, washburn core4.4铸造工艺设备1.铸造工艺设备： foundry tools equipment2.模板： pattern plate3.组合模板： composite pattern plate4.双面模板： match plate5.单面模板： single face pattern plate6.模板图： pattern plate drawing7.模板设计： pattern plate design8.缩尺[模样工放尺]： pattern-maker＇s rule ,shrinkage rule9.放样[伸图]： hot dimensional drawing, layout10.模底板： pattern mounting plate11.模样[铸模、模]： pattern12.祖模： grand master pattern13.母模： master pattern14.金属模： metal pattern15.木模： wooden pattern16.石膏模： plaster pattern17.塑料模： plastic pattern18.骨架模： skeleton pattern19.单位模： loose pattern20.整体模： one-piece pattern, solid pattern21.分块模[分开模]： loose pattern, split pattern22.分模面： parting line23.模样分级： pattern classification24.活块： loose piece25.砂箱： flask, molding box26.组合砂箱： built up molding box27.砂箱设计： flask design28.套箱： mold jacket29.套销： hollow pin, stub pin30.箱带[箱挡]： cross bar, flask bar31.芯盒： core box32.芯盒设计： core box design33.芯盒图： core box drawing34.对开芯盒： half core box35.脱落式芯盒： troughed core box36.分盒面： parting of core box五、砂型铸造5.1砂处理1.型砂制备[砂处理]： sand preparation2.型砂质量控制： sand quality control3.型砂水分控制设备： automatic moisture controller of sand4.旧砂处理： sand reconditioning5.旧砂再生： sand reclamation6.旧砂热法再生： thermal reclamation of used sand7.旧砂湿法再生： wet reclamation of used sand8.旧砂干法再生： dry reclamation of used sand9.旧砂回用率： reusable rate of used sand10.砂冷却： sand cooling11.热砂冷却装置： hot sand cooler12.砂温调节器： sand temperature modulator13.冷却提升机： coolelevator, cooling elevator14.热气流烘砂装置： hot pneumatic tube drier15.沸腾床： fluidized bed16.滚筒筛： rotary screen, drum screen17.磁力滚筒： magnetic separator18.滚筒破碎筛： drum breaking screen19.筛砂机： riddle20.原砂擦洗机： sand scrubber21.轮碾机： roller22.配砂： formulation of sand mixture23.预混： premixing24.混砂： sand mixing, sand mulling25.混砂机： sand mixer, sand muller26.连续混砂机： continuous sand mixer27.碗形混砂机： cup-type sand mixer28.树脂自硬砂混砂机： no-bake resin sand mixer29.松砂： aeration, sand-cutting30.松砂机： aerator, sand cutter31.回性[调匀]（型砂）： homogenization of sand,temper of molding sand32.除尘器： dust catcher, dust collector5.2造型1.造型： molding2.有箱造型： flask molding3.无箱造型： flaskless molding4.手工造型： hand molding5.机器造型： machine molding6.地坑造型： pit molding7.地面造型： floor molding8.叠箱造型： stack molding9.多箱造型： multiple-part molding10.两箱造型： two-part molding11.假箱造型： oddside molding12.劈箱造型： split box molding13.脱箱造型： removable flask molding14.刮板造型： sweep molding15.抛砂造型： impeller ramming,sand slinging molding16.漏模造型： stripping plate molding17.模板造型： pattern plate molding18.实物造型： machine part reproduced molding19.组芯造型： core assembly molding20.微振压实造型： vibratory squeezing molding21.高压造型： high pressure molding22.射压造型： injection and squeeze molding23.负压造型[真空密封造型，V法造型]： vacuum molding24.气冲造型： air impact molding25.静压造型： air-flow press molding,static pressure molding26.切削造型法： molding with molding27.自硬砂造型： self-curing sand molding,self-hardening sand molding28.流态砂造型： fluid sand molding29.造型机： molding machine30.造型线： molding line31.高压造型机： high pressure molding machine32.多触头高压造型机： equalizing piston squeezer33.震实造型机： jolt molding machine34.震压造型机： jolt-squeeze machine35.微振压实造型机： shockless jolt squeeze molding machine,vibratory squeezer36.压实造型机： squeezing molding machine37.射压造型机： shooting and squeezing molding。

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CastingDr. Young-Bin ParkDepartment of Industrial and Manufacturing EngineeringFAMU-FSU College of EngineeringFall 2006EIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering1Metals Processed by CastingSand casting –60%Investment casting –7%Die casting –6%Permanent mold casting –11%Centrifugal casting –7%Shell mold casting –6%Source: Jonathan Colton, Georgia TechEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering2EIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering 3Examples of Cast Products Transmission valve body Hub rotor with disk-brake cylinderTransmission housing EIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering4Examples of Cast Products Polaroid PDC-2000 digital camerawith a AZ191D die-cast, high-puritymagnesium case Two piece Polaroid camera case made by hot-chamber die-casting processExpendable Mold CastingSand castingShell moldingLost-foam castingInvestment castingVacuum castingEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering5Sand MoldEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering6Sand CastingEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering7PatternEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering8EIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering 9CoreInserts made from sand and used to form internal cavities or passages. Placed in the mold cavity to form the interior surfaces of the casting.Chaplet : Metal support used to anchor the core in placeEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering 10Shell MoldingExpendable-Pattern (Lost-Foam) CastingEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering11Investment Casting (Lost-Wax) EIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering12Investment Casting(a) Wax pattern assembly(b) Ceramic shell around wax pattern(c) Wax is melted out and the mold is filled with molten superalloy(d) Cast rotor produced to net or near-net shapeEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering13 Investment CastingEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering14EIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering 15Investment CastingAdvantages –Complex shape –Good surface finish (R a = 1-2 microns)–Close dimensional tolerances –Suitable for high melting point alloysDisadvantages –Labor intensive–CostlyApplications–Gears, cams, valves, jewelryEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering16Vacuum CastingA mixture of fine sand and urethane is molded over metal dies and cured with amine vapor.The mold is partially immersed into molten metal.The vacuum draws the molten metal into the mold cavities. Suitable for thin-walled complex shapes with uniform propertiesEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering 17Permanent Mold Casting EIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering 18Permanent Mold CastingAdvantages:–Reusable mold that maintains strength at hightemperature (typically made from a metal such ascast iron, steels, ceramics, refractory metal alloys)–Superior heat conduction•Higher cooling rate•Finer grain size•Better part strength–Mold cavity and gating systems are integral partsof the mold–Good dimensional stability–Good surface finish (R a = up to 1-2 microns)–Easier to automate (higher production volume)EIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering 19Permanent Mold CastingDisadvantages:–Suitable for casting low melting point metals, e.g., Al, Mg, Zn, Cu, etc.–More prone to hot tears (due to lower deformation strength of metal dies)–Not suitable for intricate shapes–Thermal gradient across the mold is critical.–Thermal shock needs to be prevented, as it may lead to thermal fatigue and failure.–Measures for thermal shock:•Preheat mold.•Provide cooling channels where the characteristic thickness is large.EIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering 20Permanent Mold CastingProcess parameters–Clamping force–Injection pressure–Die size and capabilityApplications–For making nonferrous metal parts of relatively intricate shapes for mass production (Ferrous metals can also be cast.)Again, thermal balance in the mold is critical.EIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering 21Hot-Chamber Die CastingEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering 22Hot-Chamber Die CastingFor casting low melting point metals, e.g., zinc, tin, lead, etc.Average injection pressure = 15 MPa (can be as high as 35 MPa)High production rates, e.g., 900 parts/hr for Zn parts, 18,000 parts/hr for zipper teethSimilar to injection molding of plasticsEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering 23Cold-Chamber Die CastingNo furnace 20-70 MPaFor casting highmelting point metals, e.g., Al, Mg, CuEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering 24Cold-Chamber Die CastingEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering25Centrifugal CastingSide viewUses the inertial forces caused by rotation to distribute the molten metal into the mold cavitiesHollow cylindrical parts (pipes, gun barrels), axisymmetric parts (wheel with spokes)EIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering 26Centrifugal CastingEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering 27Centrifugal CastingEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering 28Squeeze CastingSolidification of molten metal under high pressure combination of casting and forgingApplied pressure is between die casting and forgingEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering29Casting Turbine BladesDirectional solidificationProduction of single crystal bladeProduction of blades with longitudinal grain boundariesEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering 30Casting Design RulesEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering 31Casting Design RulesUniform cross-sections (or thickness) and smooth, gradual transitionsAvoid sharp corners to reduce stress concentrationEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering 32Casting Design RulesFlats–Avoid large flats, which may potentially lead towarpage and surface nonuniformities–Break up with ribs and serrationsShrinkage–Design patterns with shrinkage allowance, i.e. usesmaller patterns–Range:•Aluminum: 1.3%•Ferrous metal: 0.8-2.0%•Aluminum-bronze: 2.1%EIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering33Casting Design RulesParting lines–Design along flat planes–Corner/edge incorporation–Reduce core usageEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering34EIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering35Casting Design RulesDraft angles–Necessary for pattern or part removal in permanent mold casting–Range: 0.5-2 degrees –Influences tolerancesTolerances–Production cost increases as tolerance decreases –Sand casting: 1/32”-1/16”on 12”surface –Shell molding:•0.020”for steel •0.015”for cast iron •0.003”best achievable–Include machining allowances, if necessaryEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering36ExamplesChill(X)(O)(X)(O)(X)(O)(X)Too sharpToo roundDraft anglesGradual thickness change2. Bad for core placementShrinkage cavityEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering37Examples(X)(O)Uniform thickness for uniform cooling and shrinkage prevention(X)(O)Inclination is better for porosity and residual stress prevention.(X)(O)Continuous core is better.EIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering 38Examples(X)(O)Uniform thicknessUniform thicknessExamplesEdge reinforcement(X)(O)Uniform thickness is required (ribs). EIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering39Modeling and SimulationEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering40Directional SolidificationEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering41SimulationEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering42SimulationEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering43SimulationEIN 3390C/4390C Manufacturing Processes and Materials Engineering44。

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铸造工艺外文文献翻译、中英文翻译

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