中国汉字中英对照版

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GSHS00M 29010文鼎花瓣体HuabanEG-Ultra-GB GHUB00U29011文鼎霹雳体PiliEG-Ultra-GB GPIL00U29012文鼎妞妞体NiuniuEG-Bold-GB GNIU00B29013文鼎荆棘体JingjiEG-Medium-GB GJIJ00M29014文鼎胡子体HutzEG-Extra-GB GHUT00E29015文鼎竹子体JutzEG-Medium-GB GJUT00M29016文鼎贱狗体JiangouEG-Bold-GB GJIA00B29017文鼎彈簧体TanhuangEG-Bold-GB GTAN00B29018文鼎齿轮体ChrluenEG-Medium-GB GCHR00M 29019文鼎圆立体YuanliEG-Bold-GB GYUL00B29020文鼎淹水体YanshueiEG-Extra-GB GYAN00E 29021文鼎雕刻体DiaukeEG-Bold-GB GDIK00B29022文鼎火柴体HuochaiEG-Bold-GB GHUO00B29023文鼎水管体ShueiguanEG-Bold-GB GSHG00B 29024文鼎ＰＯＰ－４Pop4EG-Bold-GB GPOP05B 29025文鼎荊棘体繁JingjiEG-Medium-T-GB TJIJ00M 29026文鼎贱狗体繁JiangouEG-Bold-T-GB TJIA00B 29027文鼎齒轮体繁ChrluenEG-Medium-T-GB TCHR00M 29028文鼎雕刻体繁DiaukeEG-Bold-T-GB TDIK00B 29029文鼎誰的字体繁SheideEG-Medium-T-GB TSHE00M。

What is China?中国到底什么样？The People's Republic of China, commonly known as China, is located in east Asia and borders 14 nations or any other country in the world. It is the most populous state in the world with a 1.3 billion citizens, while the world's population is 6.8 billion. That means other every 5 people in the world, one is Chinese. China is made of 56 distinctive ethnic groups with Han Chinese making the 92% of its whole population. China is a single party state governed by the Communist Party of China, whose power is enshrined in Chinese constitution. Though China is officially an atheist country, its religious roots lie within Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and from these most social and moral values are derived. There are also a significant number of Chinese Muslims, who arrived via the silk road trade route and still retain their distinct culture.中华人民共和国，简称中国，位于东亚与14个国家或地区接壤。

100个中国传统文化词汇的英文翻译翻译元宵节元宵节 Lantern Fes val 刺绣刺绣Embroidery 重阳节重阳节Double-Ninth Fes val 清明节清明节Tomb sweeping day 剪纸剪纸Paper Cu ng 书 法Calligraphy 对联对联 （Spring Fes val) Couplets 象形文字 Pictograms/Pictographic Characters雄黄酒雄黄酒Realgar wine 四合院四合院Siheyuan/Quadrangle 战国战国Warring States 风水风水Fengshui/Geoman c Omen 昆曲昆曲Kunqu Opera 长 城 The Great Wall 集体舞集体舞Group Dance 黄土高原黄土高原Loess Plateau 红臼喜事红臼喜事 Weddings and Funerals中秋节中秋节Mid-Autumn Day 花鼓戏花鼓戏Flower Drum Song 儒家文化儒家文化Confucian Culture 中国结中国结Chinese kno ng 古装片古装片Costume Drama 武打片武打片 Chinese Swordplay Movie元宵元宵 Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling 越剧越剧 Yue Opera 火锅火锅Hot Pot 江南江南 South Regions of the Yangtze River 谜语谜语Riddle 《诗经》《诗经》 The Book of Songs 《史记》《史记》Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian《红楼梦》《红楼梦》 A Dream of Red Mansions《西游记》《西游记》 The Journey to the West除夕除夕Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Fes val 针灸针灸Acupuncture 唐三彩唐三彩 Tri-color Po ery of the TangDynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored po ery 孔子孔子 Confucius 偏旁偏旁 Radical 孟子孟子Mencius 亭/ 阁 Pavilion/ A c 黄梅戏黄梅戏Huangmei opera 火 药 Gunpowder 农历农历Lunar Calendar 印/ 玺 Seal/Stamp 腊 八 节 The laba Rice Porridge Fes val京 剧 Beijing Opera/Peking Opera秦腔秦腔Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera 太极拳太极拳TaiChi 《本草纲目》《本草纲目》 Compendium of Materia Medica天坛天坛Altar of Heaven in Beijing 小吃摊小吃摊Snack Bar/Snack Stand 红双喜红双喜Double Happiness 文房四宝(笔墨纸砚）笔墨纸砚） The Four Treasure of the Study （Brush,Inks ck,Paper,and Inkstone ） 春卷春卷Spring Roll(s) 莲藕莲藕Lotus Root 罗盘罗盘Luopan/ compass 故宫博物院故宫博物院The Palace Museum 相声相声Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue 五行五行Five Phases 北京烤鸭北京烤鸭Beijing Roast Duck 《桃花扇》《桃花扇》 The Peach Blossom Fan木偶戏木偶戏Puppet Show 敦煌莫高窟敦煌莫高窟Mogao Caves电视小品电视小品TV Sketch/TV Skit 甲骨文甲骨文Oracle Bone Inscrip ons 古筝古筝Chinese Zither 杂技杂技acroba cs 门当户对门当户对 Perfect Match/Exact Match《水浒》《水浒》 Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh除夕除夕Chinese New Year's Eve 国子监国子监Imperial Academy 兵马俑兵马俑 Co a Warriors/ Terraco a Army 旗袍旗袍Cheongsam 中国古代四大发明中国古代四大发明the four great inven ons of ancient China （火药gunpowder 印刷术prin ng 造纸术paper-making 指南针the compass ） 泼水节泼水节 Water-Splashing Day 馄饨馄饨Wonton 花卷花卷Steamed twisted rolls 羊肉泡馍羊肉泡馍Pita Bread Soaked in Lamb Soup冰糖葫芦冰糖葫芦 A s ck of sugar-coated haws (or apples,etc.) 八宝饭八宝饭 Eight-treasure rice pudding粉丝粉丝Glass Noodles 豆腐脑豆腐脑 Jellied bean curd 小品小品Wi y Skits 孝顺孝顺To show filial obedience 武术武术 Wushu(Chinese Mar al Arts)宣纸宣纸Rice Paper 陶器陶器po ery/earthenware 佛教佛教Buddhism 中庸中庸 The way of medium(Golden Means) 爆竹爆竹firecracker 东坡肉东坡肉Dongpo Pork 中山陵中山陵 The Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum秦淮河秦淮河Qinhuai River 玄武湖玄武湖Xuanwu Lake夫子庙夫子庙The Confucian Temple 鸭血粉丝鸭血粉丝Duck blood fans 盐水鸭盐水鸭 Yanshuiya, or salted and baked duck 大煮干丝大煮干丝Gansi 小笼包小笼包Steamed buns 明孝陵明孝陵Ming Tomb 云锦云锦 Nanjing brocade。

汉典常用字表(中英文实用版)Title: Common Characters List in Han DictionaryTitle: 汉典常用字表In the Han Dictionary, the common characters list is a valuable resource for those who are learning Chinese.It provides a comprehensive list of the most frequently used characters in the Chinese language, which is essential for improving language proficiency.在汉典中，常用字表对于学习中文的人来说是一个宝贵的资源。

它提供了最常用汉字的全面列表，对于提高语言熟练度至关重要。

The common characters list in the Han Dictionary is organized in order of frequency, making it easy for learners to focus on the most commonly used characters first.This can help to maximize learning efficiency and make progress in mastering the Chinese language.汉典中的常用字表按照频率排序，便于学习者首先关注最常用的汉字。

这有助于最大化学习效率，掌握汉语。

Additionally, the Han Dictionary provides additional information for each character, such as its meaning, pronunciation, and stroke order.This can be very helpful for learners who are trying to improve their ability to read and write Chinese characters.此外，汉典还为每个汉字提供了额外的信息，如它的意义、发音和笔画顺序。

很多朋友发现，外界（特别是香港和台湾）对于中国姓名的拼写不是汉语拼音，而是一种我们看来新鲜陌生的拼写形式。

比如“李”姓在外界很多时候拼写为“Lee”。

而“张”姓有的拼写为“Cheung”，而有的拼写为“Chang”，这到底是怎么回事呢有人说这是中国姓氏的标准英文拼写，也有人说是“韦妥玛拼音”或“韦氏拼音”，或者认为是“罗马拼音”...其实这些说法都不完善的。

在此本小站来为大家详细解说。

首先应该明确一下，中文姓名是不存在标准的英文拼写的，更不存在国际翻译。

汉字姓名进入英文后就转变为根据读音进行的字母拼写。

而之所以外界的拼写和我们不同，其实主要是受到了汉字在各地区的方言口音的影响。

由此可以得知，外界的拼写其实并没有涉及“汉语普通话”概念，而是以姓名所有人的方言读音来拼写。

而中国大陆已经确立“汉语普通话”概念，所以大陆范围内无论什么方言，统统以普通话读音为规范读音，于是拼音体系也自然以普通话为标准。

而香港地区的官方语言是粤语，于是香港地区的拼音体系也自然是粤语音的描述。

而台湾及海外的拼音体系也与我们大陆不同，所以拼写形式也不一样。

例如：姓氏“陈”，在香港粤语中读作：“残”，由此再结合香港的字母拼音规则，便拼写为“Chan”。

而“张”姓在粤语中的读音接近于“Zieong”，于是结合香港拼音规则便拼写为“Cheung”，由此大家明白了吧！另外，目前许多汉字根源地区都有一套自定的拼音体系，确保本地区公民姓名翻译成英文后依然有法律认证功能，我们中国大陆自然以汉语拼音为准绳。

而香港、台湾、乃至朝鲜韩国也都有一套自定的拼音体系，只是他们都是以各自区语音为拼读发音基础，加之各地拼写规则也不同。

所以同一个汉字在不同区域拼写也不同。

而彼此之间不能相互取代。

全：发音A的中国姓氏阿---汉语拼音A--------普通话接近拼写Ah----------------香港拼音Ah----------台湾拼音A艾---汉语拼音Ai-------普通话接近拼写Ai-----------------香港拼音Ngai--------台湾拼音Ai蔼---汉语拼音Ai-------普通话接近拼写Ai-----------------香港拼音Oi-----------台湾拼音Ai霭---汉语拼音Ai-------普通话接近拼写Ai-----------------香港拼音Oi-----------台湾拼音Ai安---汉语拼音An------普通话接近拼写An或Ann-------香港拼音On----------台湾拼音An敖---汉语拼音Ao------普通话接近拼写Ao或Aoh-------香港拼音Ngo---------台湾拼音Ao发音B的中国姓氏白---汉语拼音Bai-----普通话接近拼写Bai--------------香港拼音Pak-----------台湾拼音Pai柏---汉语拼音Bai-----普通话接近拼写Bai--------------香港拼音Pak-----------台湾拼音Pai包---汉语拼音Bai-----普通话接近拼写Bao--------------香港拼音Pau-----------台湾拼音Pao鲍---汉语拼音Bao----普通话接近拼写Bao--------------香港拼音Pau-----------台湾拼音Pao贝---汉语拼音Bei-----普通话接近拼写Bey或Bay-----香港拼音Pui或Pooi---台湾拼音Pei毕---汉语拼音Bi-------普通话接近拼写Bee--------------香港拼音Pat-----------台湾拼音Pi发音C的中国姓氏柴---汉语拼音Cai------普通话接近拼写Chai------------香港拼音Chai或Tsai-----台湾拼音Chai 陈---汉语拼音Chen---普通话接近拼写Chen------------香港拼音Chan------------台湾拼音Chen成---汉语拼音Cheng-普通话接近拼写Chung-----------香港拼音Sing----------台湾拼音Cheng 程---汉语拼音Cheng-普通话接近拼写Chung--------香港拼音Ching------------台湾拼音Cheng 崔---汉语拼音Cui------普通话接近拼写Chooi------------香港拼音Chui或Tsui----台湾拼音Tsu 常---汉语拼音Chang-普通话接近拼写Chang--------香港拼音Seung-----------台湾拼音Chang 长---汉语拼音Chang-普通话接近拼写Chang--------香港拼音Cheung---------台湾拼音Chang 丛---汉语拼音Cong---普通话接近拼写Choong---香港拼音Chung或Tsung--台湾拼音Tsung 楚---汉语拼音Chu-----普通话接近拼写Choo----------香港拼音Cho----------------台湾拼音Chu 发音D的中国姓氏戴---汉语拼音Dai-----普通话接近拼写Dai------------------香港拼音Tai-------------台湾拼音Tai 代---汉语拼音Dai-----普通话接近拼写Dai------------------香港拼音Toi-------------台湾拼音Tai 党---汉语拼音Dang--普通话接近拼写Dang---------------香港拼音Tong-----------台湾拼音Tang 邓---汉语拼音Dang--普通话接近拼写Tung----------------香港拼音Tang----------台湾拼音Teng 狄---汉语拼音Di------普通话接近拼写Dee------------------香港拼音Tik-------------台湾拼音Ti 丁---汉语拼音Ding---普通话接近拼写Ding----------------香港拼音Ting------------台湾拼音Ting 窦---汉语拼音Dou----普通话接近拼写Doh-----------------香港拼音Tau------------台湾拼音Tou 董---汉语拼音Dong--普通话接近拼写Doong-------------香港拼音Tung-----------台湾拼音Tung 杜---汉语拼音Du------普通话接近拼写Doo----------------香港拼音To---------------台湾拼音Tu 东方-汉语拼音DongFang-普通话英文DoongFang-香港拼音TungFong-台湾拼音TungFang 东郭-汉语拼音DongGuo--普通话英文DoongKwor-香港拼音TungKwok-台湾拼音TungKuo 发音E的中国姓氏鄂--------汉语拼音E----------普通话接近拼写Or-------------香港拼音Ngok------------台湾拼音O 恩--------汉语拼音En--------普通话接近拼写En-------------香港拼音Yan-------------台湾拼音En 发音F的中国姓氏范--------汉语拼音Fan------普通话接近拼写Fan-----------香港拼音Fan--------------台湾拼音Fan 樊--------汉语拼音Fan------普通话接近拼写Fan-----------香港拼音Fan--------------台湾拼音Fan 方--------汉语拼音Fang----普通话接近拼写Fang---------香港拼音Fong------------台湾拼音Fang 房--------汉语拼音Fang----普通话接近拼写Fang---------香港拼音Fong------------台湾拼音Fang 费--------汉语拼音Fei-------普通话接近拼写Fay-----------香港拼音Fai---------------台湾拼音Fei 封--------汉语拼音Feng----普通话接近拼写Fung--------香港拼音Fung------------台湾拼音Feng 凡--------汉语拼音Fan------普通话接近拼写Fan-----------香港拼音Fan--------------台湾拼音Fan 冯--------汉语拼音Feng----普通话接近拼写Fung--------香港拼音Fung------------台湾拼音Feng 傅--------汉语拼音Fu--------普通话接近拼写Foo----------香港拼音Fu或Foo-------台湾拼音Fu 付--------汉语拼音Fu--------普通话接近拼写Foo----------香港拼音Fu或Foo-------台湾拼音Fu 符--------汉语拼音Fu--------普通话接近拼写Foo----------香港拼音Fu或Foo-------台湾拼音Fu 发音G的中国姓氏甘-----汉语拼音Gan------普通话接近拼写Kan-----------香港拼音Kam------台湾拼音Kan高-----汉语拼音Gao------普通话接近拼写Kao-----------香港拼音Ko---------台湾拼音Kao葛-----汉语拼音Ge--------普通话接近拼写Kor------------香港拼音Kot-------台湾拼音Ko庚-----汉语拼音Geng----普通话接近拼写Kung----------香港拼音Kang-----台湾拼音Keng耿-----汉语拼音Geng----普通话接近拼写Kung----------香港拼音Kang-----台湾拼音Keng龚-----汉语拼音Gong----普通话接近拼写Koong--------香港拼音Kung-----台湾拼音Kung公-----汉语拼音Gong----普通话接近拼写Koong--------香港拼音Kung-----台湾拼音Kung宫-----汉语拼音Gong----普通话接近拼写Koong--------香港拼音Kung-----台湾拼音Kung巩-----汉语拼音Gong----普通话接近拼写Koong--------香港拼音Kung-----台湾拼音Kung古-----汉语拼音Gu--------普通话接近拼写Koo或Goo--香港拼音Ku---------台湾拼音Ku顾-----汉语拼音Gu--------普通话接近拼写Koo或Goo--香港拼音Ku---------台湾拼音Ku关-----汉语拼音Guan----普通话接近拼写Kwan----------香港拼音Kwan----台湾拼音Kuan郭-----汉语拼音Guo------普通话接近拼写Kwor-----------香港拼音Kwok----台湾拼音Kuo苟-----汉语拼音Gou------普通话接近拼写Koh------香港拼音Kau或Kaw---台湾拼音Kou发音H的中国姓氏哈-----汉语拼音Ha--------普通话接近拼写Hah-----------香港拼音Hah------------台湾拼音Ha 海-----汉语拼音Hai-------普通话接近拼写Hai------------香港拼音Hoi-------------台湾拼音Hai 韩-----汉语拼音Han------普通话接近拼写Han-----------香港拼音Hon------------台湾拼音Han 郝-----汉语拼音Hao------普通话接近拼写Hao-----------香港拼音Kok------------台湾拼音Hao 何-----汉语拼音He--------普通话接近拼写Hor-----------香港拼音Ho---------------台湾拼音Ho 贺-----汉语拼音He--------普通话接近拼写Hor-----------香港拼音Ho---------------台湾拼音Ho 洪-----汉语拼音Hong----普通话接近拼写Hoong--------香港拼音Hung-----------台湾拼音Hung 侯-----汉语拼音Hou------普通话接近拼写Hoh-----------香港拼音Hau或Haw----台湾拼音Hou 胡-----汉语拼音Hu--------普通话接近拼写Hoo-----------香港拼音Wu或Woo----台湾拼音Hu 扈-----汉语拼音Hu--------普通话接近拼写Hoo-----------香港拼音Wu或Woo----台湾拼音Hu 华-----汉语拼音Hua------普通话接近拼写Hwa或Hwah---香港拼音Wah--------台湾拼音Hua 黄-----汉语拼音Huang---普通话接近拼写Hwang-------香港拼音Wong----------台湾拼音Huang 霍-----汉语拼音Huo------普通话接近拼写Hwor----------香港拼音Fok-------------台湾拼音Huo 火-----汉语拼音Huo------普通话接近拼写Hwor----------香港拼音Fo---------------台湾拼音Huo 回-----汉语拼音Hui-------普通话接近拼写Hooi-----------香港拼音Wui或Wooi--台湾拼音Hui 呼延-汉语拼音HuYan--普通话接近拼写HooYan-----香港拼音FuYin----------台湾拼音HuYen 发音J的中国姓氏贾-----汉语拼音Jia--------普通话接近拼写Jia或Jiah----香港拼音Kar--------------台湾拼音Chia 姬-----汉语拼音Ji----------普通话接近拼写Jee------------香港拼音Kei---------------台湾拼音Chi 吉-----汉语拼音Ji----------普通话接近拼写Jee------------香港拼音Kat---------------台湾拼音Chi 纪-----汉语拼音Ji----------普通话接近拼写Jee------------香港拼音Kei---------------台湾拼音Chi 金-----汉语拼音Jin--------普通话接近拼写Jinn-----------香港拼音Kam-------------台湾拼音Chin 靳-----汉语拼音Jin--------普通话接近拼写Jinn----------香港拼音Kan--------------台湾拼音Chin 江-----汉语拼音Jiang----普通话接近拼写Jiang--------香港拼音Kong------------台湾拼音Chiang 姜-----汉语拼音Jiang----普通话接近拼写Jiang--------香港拼音Keung----------台湾拼音Chiang 蒋-----汉语拼音Jiang----普通话接近拼写Jiang--------香港拼音Cheung--------台湾拼音Chiang 景-----汉语拼音Jing------普通话接近拼写Jing----------香港拼音King------------台湾拼音Ching 菁-----汉语拼音Jing------普通话接近拼写Jing-----------香港拼音Ching----------台湾拼音Ching 鞠-----汉语拼音Ju--------普通话接近拼写Ju---------------香港拼音Kuk-------------台湾拼音Chu 发音K的中国姓氏康-----汉语拼音Kang----普通话接近拼写Kang----------香港拼音Hong------------台湾拼音Kang 柯-----汉语拼音Ke-------普通话接近拼写Kor-------------香港拼音Or----------------台湾拼音Ko 孔-----汉语拼音Kong----普通话接近拼写Koong--------香港拼音Hung------------台湾拼音Kung 寇-----汉语拼音Kou------普通话接近拼写Ko或Koh----香港拼音Kau或Kaw----台湾拼音Kou 蒯-----汉语拼音Kuai-----普通话接近拼写Kwai----------香港拼音Kwai------------台湾拼音Kuai 邝-----汉语拼音Kuang--普通话接近拼写Kwang-------香港拼音Kwong---------台湾拼音Kuang 发音L的中国姓氏凌-----汉语拼音Ling-----普通话接近拼写Ling-----------香港拼音Ling-------------台湾拼音Ling刘-----汉语拼音Liu-------普通话接近拼写Liu-------------香港拼音Lau---------------台湾拼音Liu 柳-----汉语拼音Liu-------普通话接近拼写Liu-------------香港拼音Lau---------------台湾拼音Liu 龙-----汉语拼音Long----普通话接近拼写Loong---------香港拼音Lung------------台湾拼音Lung 娄-----汉语拼音Lou------普通话接近拼写Lo或Loh------香港拼音Lau-------------台湾拼音Lou 卢-----汉语拼音Lu-------普通话接近拼写Lu或Lew------香港拼音Lo----------------台湾拼音Lu 鲁-----汉语拼音Lu-------普通话接近拼写Lu或Lew------香港拼音Lo----------------台湾拼音Lu 陆-----汉语拼音Lu-------普通话接近拼写Lu或Lew-----香港拼音Luk或Look----台湾拼音Lu 罗-----汉语拼音Luo-----普通话接近拼写Lwor------------香港拼音Lo-----------------台湾拼音Lo 骆-----汉语拼音Luo-----普通话接近拼写Lwor------------香港拼音Lok---------------台湾拼音Lo 吕-----汉语拼音Lu-------普通话接近拼写Lu---------------香港拼音Lui----------------台湾拼音Lu 赖-----汉语拼音Lai------普通话接近拼写Lai--------------香港拼音Lai----------------台湾拼音Lai 蓝-----汉语拼音Lan-----普通话接近拼写Lan-------------香港拼音Lam--------------台湾拼音Lan 郎-----汉语拼音Lang---普通话接近拼写Lang或Long--香港拼音Long------------台湾拼音Lang 勒-----汉语拼音Le-------普通话接近拼写Lor--------------香港拼音Lak---------------台湾拼音Lo 冷-----汉语拼音Leng---普通话接近拼写Lung------------香港拼音Lang------------台湾拼音Leng 李-----汉语拼音Li--------普通话接近拼写Lee------------香港拼音Lee或Lei--------台湾拼音Li 黎-----汉语拼音Li--------普通话接近拼写Lee-------------香港拼音Lai----------------台湾拼音Li 雷-----汉语拼音Lei------普通话接近拼写Ley或Lei------香港拼音Lui---------------台湾拼音Lei 连-----汉语拼音Lian----普通话接近拼写Lian----------香港拼音Lin----------------台湾拼音Lien 梁-----汉语拼音Liang--普通话接近拼写Liang----------香港拼音Leung-----------台湾拼音Liang 林-----汉语拼音Lin------普通话接近拼写Lin或Linn或Lynn--香港拼音Lam------台湾拼音Lin 栾-----汉语拼音Luan---普通话接近拼写Lwan------------香港拼音Luen-----------台湾拼音Luan 发音M的中国姓氏马------汉语拼音Ma-------普通话接近拼写Mah或Mar-----香港拼音Ma-----------台湾拼音Ma 满------汉语拼音Man-----普通话接近拼写Man-------------香港拼音Moon-------台湾拼音Man 毛------汉语拼音Mao-----普通话接近拼写Mao-------------香港拼音Mo-----------台湾拼音Mao 门------汉语拼音Men-----普通话接近拼写Mun-------------香港拼音Moon--------台湾拼音Men 蒙------汉语拼音Meng---普通话接近拼写Mung----------香港拼音Mung--------台湾拼音Meng 孟------汉语拼音Meng---普通话接近拼写Mung----------香港拼音Mang--------台湾拼音Meng 梦------汉语拼音Meng---普通话接近拼写Mung----------香港拼音Mung--------台湾拼音Meng 米------汉语拼音Mi--------普通话接近拼写Mee-----------香港拼音Mai-----------台湾拼音Mi 莫------汉语拼音Mo-------通话接近拼写Mor---------------香港拼音Mok----------台湾拼音Mo 穆------汉语拼音Mu-------普通话接近拼写Moo------------香港拼音Mook--------台湾拼音Mu 牟------汉语拼音Mou------普通话接近拼写Moh-----------香港拼音Mau----------台湾拼音Mou 苗------汉语拼音Miao-----普通话接近拼写Miao---------香港拼音Miu-----------台湾拼音Miao 梅-----汉语拼音Mei-------普通话接近拼写May------------香港拼音Mui-----------台湾拼音Mei 慕容--汉语拼音MuRong--普通话英文MooRoong-香港拼音MouYung--台湾拼音MuJung发音N的中国姓氏那-----汉语拼音Na--------普通话接近拼写Nah或Naa------香港拼音Nah--------台湾拼音Na 能-----汉语拼音Neng-----普通话接近拼写Nung-------------香港拼音Nang------台湾拼音Neng 南-----汉语拼音Nan------普通话接近拼写Nan---------------香港拼音Nam-------台湾拼音Nan 牛-----汉语拼音Niu-------普通话接近拼写New---------------香港拼音Ngau------台湾拼音Niu 倪-----汉语拼音Ni---------普通话接近拼写Nee---------------香港拼音Ngai-------台湾拼音Ni宁-----汉语拼音Ning-----普通话接近拼写Ning---------------香港拼音Ning-------台湾拼音Ning 年-----汉语拼音Nian-----普通话接近拼写Nian---------------香港拼音Nin---------台湾拼音Nien 农-----汉语拼音Nong----普通话接近拼写Noong------------香港拼音Nung------台湾拼音Nung 南宫--汉语拼音NanGong--普通话拼写NanKoong--香港拼音NamKung--台湾拼音NanKung 发音O的中国姓氏区------汉语拼音Ou---------普通话接近拼写Oh--------------香港拼音Au或Aw----台湾拼音Ou 欧阳---汉语拼音OuYang--普通话英文OhYang----香港拼音AuYeung----台湾拼音OuYang发音P的中国姓氏潘------汉语拼音Pan--------普通话接近拼写Pan--------------香港拼音Poon---------台湾拼音Pan 庞------汉语拼音Pang------普通话接近拼写Pang------------香港拼音Pong---------台湾拼音Pang 彭------汉语拼音Peng------普通话接近拼写Pung------------香港拼音Pang---------台湾拼音Peng 皮------汉语拼音Pi-----------普通话接近拼写Pea--------------香港拼音Pei-----------台湾拼音Pi 平------汉语拼音Ping-------普通话接近拼写Ping-------------香港拼音Ping---------台湾拼音Ping 蒲------汉语拼音Pu----------普通话接近拼写Poo--------------香港拼音Po------------台湾拼音Pu 发音Q的中国姓氏祁------汉语拼音Qi-----------普通话接近拼写Chee-----------香港拼音Kei-----------台湾拼音Chi 钱------汉语拼音Qian--------普通话接近拼写Chian---------香港拼音Chin---------台湾拼音Mien 乔------汉语拼音Qiao--------普通话接近拼写Cheoh---------香港拼音Kiu--------台湾拼音Chiao 秦------汉语拼音Qin--------普通话接近拼写Chin或Chinn--香港拼音Chun-------台湾拼音Chin 邱------汉语拼音Qiu--------普通话接近拼写Chiw-----------香港拼音Yau----------台湾拼音Chiu 屈------汉语拼音Qu----------普通话接近拼写Chu-------------香港拼音Wat---------台湾拼音Chu 曲------汉语拼音Qu----------普通话接近拼写Chu-------------香港拼音Kook-------台湾拼音Chu 瞿------汉语拼音Qu----------普通话接近拼写Chu------------香港拼音Kui-----------台湾拼音Chu 权------汉语拼音Quan------普通话接近拼写Chuien--------香港拼音Kuen-------台湾拼音Chuan 全------汉语拼音Quan----普通话接近拼写Chuien---香港拼音Chuen或Tsuen--台湾拼音Chuan 发音R的中国姓氏冉------汉语拼音Ran---------普通话接近拼写Ran--------------香港拼音Yim---------台湾拼音Jan 任------汉语拼音Ren---------普通话接近拼写Ren--------------香港拼音Yam--------台湾拼音Jen 荣------汉语拼音Rong-------普通话接近拼写Roong-----------香港拼音Wing-----台湾拼音Jung 容------汉语拼音Rong-------普通话接近拼写Roong-----------香港拼音Yung-----台湾拼音Jung 阮------汉语拼音Ruan-------普通话接近拼写Rwan------------香港拼音Yuen-----台湾拼音Juan 芮------汉语拼音Rui----------普通话接近拼写Rooi或Rooy---香港拼音Yui----------台湾拼音Jui 发音S的中国姓氏沙----汉语拼音Sha-------普通话接近拼写Shah或Shar---香港拼音Sa-----台湾拼音Sha单----汉语拼音Shan-----普通话接近拼写Shan----------香港拼音Sin------台湾拼音Shan尚----汉语拼音Shang----普通话接近拼写Shang------香港拼音Seung--台湾拼音Shang商----汉语拼音Shang-----普通话接近拼写Shang-----香港拼音Seung--台湾拼音Shang邵----汉语拼音Shao-------普通话接近拼写Shao---------香港拼音Siu------台湾拼音Shao沈----汉语拼音Shen-------普通话接近拼写Shen---------香港拼音Sum----台湾拼音Shen申----汉语拼音Shen-------普通话接近拼写Shen---------香港拼音San-----台湾拼音Shen佘----汉语拼音She-------普通话接近拼写Shor或Shur--香港拼音Seh-----台湾拼音Sheh石----汉语拼音Shi----------普通话接近拼写Shir-----------香港拼音Sek-----台湾拼音Shih施----汉语拼音Shi----------普通话接近拼写Shir-----------香港拼音Si--------台湾拼音Shih史----汉语拼音Shi----------普通话接近拼写Shir-----------香港拼音Si--------台湾拼音Shih孙----汉语拼音Sun---------普通话接近拼写Soon---------香港拼音Suen----台湾拼音Sun苏----汉语拼音Su-----------普通话接近拼写Soo-----------香港拼音So-------台湾拼音Su舒----汉语拼音Shu---------普通话接近拼写Shoo---------香港拼音Shu-----台湾拼音Shu帅----汉语拼音Shuai------普通话接近拼写Shwai--------香港拼音Sui-----台湾拼音Shuai宋----汉语拼音Song-------普通话接近拼写Soong--------香港拼音Sung---台湾拼音Sung上官---汉拼ShangGuan--普通话英文ShangKwan-香港SeungKoon-台湾ShangKuan司马----汉语拼音SiMa-----普通话接近拼写SirMar---香港拼音SzeMa---台湾拼音SihMa司徒----汉语拼音SiTu-----普通话接近拼写SirToo----香港拼音SzeTo---台湾拼音SihTu发音T的中国姓氏邰-------汉语拼音Tai--------普通话接近拼写Tai----------------香港拼音Toi-------台湾拼音Tai 谭-------汉语拼音Tan-------普通话接近拼写Tan---------------香港拼音Tam-----台湾拼音Tan 唐-------汉语拼音Tang-----普通话接近拼写Tang--------------香港拼音Tong----台湾拼音Tang 汤-------汉语拼音Tang-----普通话接近拼写Tang--------------香港拼音Tong----台湾拼音Tang 陶-------汉语拼音Tao-------普通话接近拼写Tao---------------香港拼音To--------台湾拼音Tao 藤-------汉语拼音Teng-----普通话接近拼写Tung--------------香港拼音Tang----台湾拼音Teng 田-------汉语拼音Tian------普通话接近拼写Tian---------------香港拼音Tin-------台湾拼音Tien 佟-------汉语拼音Tong-----普通话接近拼写Toong------------香港拼音Tung-----台湾拼音Tung 童-------汉语拼音Tong-----普通话接近拼写Toong------------香港拼音Tung-----台湾拼音Tung 涂-------汉语拼音Tu---------普通话接近拼写Too---------------香港拼音To--------台湾拼音Tu 屠-------汉语拼音Tu---------普通话接近拼写Too---------------香港拼音To--------台湾拼音Tu 陀-------汉语拼音Tuo-------普通话接近拼写Twor--------------香港拼音To--------台湾拼音Tuo 发音W的中国姓氏万-------汉语拼音Wan---------普通话接近拼写Wan------------香港拼音Man-------台湾拼音Wan 王-------汉语拼音Wang-------普通话接近拼写Wang-----------香港拼音Wong---台湾拼音Wang 汪-------汉语拼音Wang-------普通话接近拼写Wang------------香港拼音Wong--台湾拼音Wang 韦-------汉语拼音Wei----------普通话接近拼写Wey------------香港拼音Wai--------台湾拼音Wei 魏-------汉语拼音Wei----------普通话接近拼写Wey------------香港拼音Ngai-------台湾拼音Wei 卫-------汉语拼音Wei----------普通话接近拼写Wey-------------香港拼音Wai-------台湾拼音Wei 温-------汉语拼音Wen---------普通话接近拼写Woon----------香港拼音Wan-------台湾拼音Wen 闻-------汉语拼音Wen---------普通话接近拼写Woon----------香港拼音Man-------台湾拼音Wen 翁-------汉语拼音Weng-------普通话接近拼写Wung----------香港拼音Yung-----台湾拼音Weng 巫-------汉语拼音Wu-----------普通话接近拼写Woo-----------香港拼音Mo----------台湾拼音Wu 邬-------汉语拼音Wu-----------普通话接近拼写Woo------------香港拼音Woo-------台湾拼音Wu 吴-------汉语拼音Wu-----------普通话接近拼写Woo------------香港拼音Ng---------台湾拼音Wu 武-------汉语拼音Wu-----------普通话接近拼写Woo-----------香港拼音Mo----------台湾拼音Wu 伍-------汉语拼音Wu-----------普通话接近拼写Woo-----------香港拼音Ng----------台湾拼音Wu 发音X的中国姓氏奚-------汉语拼音Xi---------普通话接近拼写Shee------------香港拼音Hai----------台湾拼音Hsi 习-------汉语拼音Xi---------普通话接近拼写Shee------------香港拼音Chap-------台湾拼音Hsi 席-------汉语拼音Xi----------普通话接近拼写Shee------------香港拼音Chik--------台湾拼音Hsi 夏-------汉语拼音Xia--------普通话接近拼写Shiar或Shiah-香港拼音Ha----------台湾拼音Hsia 冼-------汉语拼音Xian------普通话接近拼写Shian-----------香港拼音Sin---------台湾拼音Hsien 向-------汉语拼音Xiang----普通话接近拼写Shiang--------香港拼音Heung----台湾拼音Hsiang项-------汉语拼音Xiang----普通话接近拼写Shiang--------香港拼音Hong------台湾拼音Hsiang 肖-------汉语拼音Xiao------普通话接近拼写Sheow----------香港拼音Chiu-------台湾拼音Hsiao 萧-------汉语拼音Xiao------普通话接近拼写Sheow----------香港拼音Siu---------台湾拼音Hsiao 解-------汉语拼音Xie--------普通话接近拼写Sheah-----------香港拼音Hai--------台湾拼音Hsieh 谢-------汉语拼音Xie--------普通话接近拼写Sheah-----------香港拼音Tse--------台湾拼音Hsieh 辛-------汉语拼音Xin--------普通话接近拼写Shin或Shinn---香港拼音San--------台湾拼音Hsin 刑-------汉语拼音Xing------普通话接近拼写Shing------------香港拼音Ha--------台湾拼音Hsing 熊-------汉语拼音Xiong-----普通话接近拼写Shoong--------香港拼音Ha--------台湾拼音Hsiung 徐-------汉语拼音Xu---------普通话接近拼写Shu----------香港拼音Tsui或Chui---台湾拼音Hsu 许-------汉语拼音Xu---------普通话接近拼写Shu--------------香港拼音Hui---------台湾拼音Hsu 薛-------汉语拼音Xue------普通话接近拼写Shuieh----------香港拼音Sit---------台湾拼音Hsueh 西门----汉语拼音XiMen--普通话接近拼写SheeMun-----香港拼音SaiMun---台湾拼音HsiMen 夏侯----汉语拼音XiaNou--普通话接近拼写ShiarHoh----香港拼音HaHau----台湾拼音HsiaHou 轩辕----汉拼XuanY uan--普通话英文ShuienYuien--香港拼音HinYuen--台湾拼音HsuanYuen 发音Y的中国姓氏鄢-----汉语拼音Yan------普通话接近拼写Yan-----------香港拼音Yin-------台湾拼音Yen焉-----汉语拼音Yan------普通话接近拼写Yan-----------香港拼音Yin-------台湾拼音Yen燕-----汉语拼音Yan------普通话接近拼写Yan-----------香港拼音Yin-------台湾拼音Yen闫-----汉语拼音Yan------普通话接近拼写Yan-----------香港拼音Yim------台湾拼音Yen阎-----汉语拼音Yan------普通话接近拼写Yan-----------香港拼音Yim------台湾拼音Yen严-----汉语拼音Yan------普通话接近拼写Yan-----------香港拼音Yim------台湾拼音Yen言-----汉语拼音Yan------普通话接近拼写Yan-----------香港拼音Yin-------台湾拼音Yen颜-----汉语拼音Yan------普通话接近拼写Yan-----------香港拼音Ngan----台湾拼音Yen晏-----汉语拼音Yan------普通话接近拼写Yan------------香港拼音Yin-------台湾拼音Yen杨-----汉语拼音Yang----普通话英文Yang或Young-香港拼音Yeung---台湾拼音Yang姚-----汉语拼音Yao------普通话接近拼写Yao------------香港拼音Yiu-------台湾拼音Yao么-----汉语拼音Yao------普通话接近拼写Yao------------香港拼音Yiu-------台湾拼音Yao叶-----汉语拼音Yao----普通话接近拼写Yeh或Yeah---香港拼音Yip--------台湾拼音Yeh伊-----汉语拼音Yi---------普通话接近拼写Yee------------香港拼音Yee------台湾拼音Yi易-----汉语拼音Yi---------普通话接近拼写Yee------------香港拼音Yee------台湾拼音Yi尹-----汉语拼音Yin-----普通话接近拼写Yin或Yinn或Inn--香港拼音Wan--台湾拼音Yin应-----汉语拼音Ying------普通话接近拼写Ying----------香港拼音Ying----台湾拼音Ying英-----汉语拼音Ying------普通话接近拼写Ying----------香港拼音Ying----台湾拼音Ying樱-----汉语拼音Ying------普通话接近拼写Ying----------香港拼音Ying----台湾拼音Ying游-----汉语拼音You-------普通话接近拼写Yo或Yoh-----香港拼音Yau------台湾拼音Yu尤-----汉语拼音You-------普通话接近拼写Yo或Yoh------香港拼音Yau------台湾拼音Yu于-----汉语拼音Yu---------普通话接近拼写Yu---------------香港拼音Yu-------台湾拼音Yu余-----汉语拼音Yu---------普通话接近拼写Yu---------------香港拼音Yu-------台湾拼音Yu俞-----汉语拼音Yu---------普通话接近拼写Yu---------------香港拼音Yu-------台湾拼音Yu庾-----汉语拼音Yu---------普通话接近拼写Yu---------------香港拼音Yu-------台湾拼音Yu虞-----汉语拼音Yu---------普通话接近拼写Yu---------------香港拼音Yu-------台湾拼音Yu郁-----汉语拼音Yu---------普通话接近拼写Yu---------------香港拼音Yuk------台湾拼音Yu元-----汉语拼音Yuan-----普通话接近拼写Yuian-------香港拼音Yuen-----台湾拼音Yuen袁-----汉语拼音Yuan-----普通话接近拼写Yuian-------香港拼音Yuen-----台湾拼音Yuen岳-----汉语拼音Yue-------普通话接近拼写Yuieh-------香港拼音Ngok-----台湾拼音Yueh云-----汉语拼音Yun----普通话接近拼写Yoon或Yuinn--香港拼音Wan------台湾拼音Yun 发音Z的中国姓氏臧---汉语拼音Zang-----普通话接近拼写Chang--------香港拼音Chong-----台湾拼音Tsang 曾---汉语拼音Zeng-----普通话接近拼写Chung--------香港拼音Tsang-----台湾拼音Tseng翟---汉语拼音Zhai------普通话英文Chai或Jai----------香港拼音Chak------台湾拼音Chai 詹---汉语拼音Zhan-----普通话接近拼写Chan或Jan---香港拼音Chim------台湾拼音Chan 展---汉语拼音Zhan-----普通话接近拼写Chan或Jan---香港拼音Chin-------台湾拼音Chan 占---汉语拼音Zhan-----普通话接近拼写Chan或Jan---香港拼音Chim------台湾拼音Chan 战---汉语拼音Zhan-----普通话接近拼写Chan或Jan---香港拼音Chin-------台湾拼音Chan 张---汉语拼音Zhang---普通话接近拼写Chang--------香港拼音Cheung---台湾拼音Chang章---汉语拼音Zhang---普通话接近拼写Chang--------香港拼音Cheung---台湾拼音Chang赵---汉语拼音Zhao-----普通话接近拼写Chao或Jao--香港拼音Chiu-------台湾拼音Chao 肇---汉语拼音Zhao-----普通话接近拼写Chao或Jao--香港拼音Siu---------台湾拼音Chao 甄---汉语拼音Zhen-----普通话接近拼写Chen或Jen----香港拼音Yen--------台湾拼音Chen 郑---汉语拼音Zheng--普通话接近拼写Chung------------香港拼音Cheng--台湾拼音Cheng 钟---汉语拼音Zhong--普通话英文Choong---------------香港拼音Chung----台湾拼音Chung 周---汉语拼音Zhou----普通话英文Choh或Joh----香港拼音Chou或Chow--台湾拼音Chou 朱---汉语拼音Zhu------普通话接近拼写Choo---------------香港拼音Chu-------台湾拼音Chu 竺---汉语拼音Zhu------普通话接近拼写Choo---------------香港拼音Chuk-----台湾拼音Chu 祝---汉语拼音Zhu------普通话接近拼写Choo---------------香港拼音Chuk-----台湾拼音Chu 庄---汉语拼音Zhuang--普通话英文Chwang或Jwang---香港Chong----------台湾Chuang卓---汉语拼音Zhuo-----普通话英文Chwor或Jwor----------香港Cheuk或Tseuk-台湾Chuo 邹---汉语拼音Zou-------普通话接近拼写Choh或Joh------香港拼音Chau---台湾拼音Tsou 祖---汉语拼音Zu---------普通话接近拼写Choo--------------香港拼音Cho-----台湾拼音Tsu 左---汉语拼音Zuo------普通话英文Chwor或Jwor----香港拼音Cho或Tso---台湾拼音Tsuo 诸葛---汉语拼音ZhuGe---普通话英文ChooKor---香港拼音ChuKot------台湾拼音ChuKo简：A: 艾--Ai??? 安--Ann/An???? 敖--AoB: 巴--Pa??? 白--Pai??????? 包/鲍--Paul/Pao班--Pan 贝--Pei??? 毕--Pih卞--Bein??? 卜/薄--Po/Pu 步--Poo百里--Pai-liC: 蔡/柴--Tsia/Choi/Tsai 曹/晁/巢--Chao/Chiao/Tsao岑--Cheng???? 崔—Tsui查--Cha常--Chiong????车—Che陈--Chen/Chan/Tan 成/程—Cheng池—Chi褚/楚—Chu淳于--Chwen-yuD: 戴/代--Day/Tai????? ? 邓--Teng/Tang/Tung 狄—Ti 刁--Tiao?? 丁--Ting/T董/东--Tung/Tong 窦—Tou杜--To/Du/Too 段--Tuan端木--Duan-mu 东郭--Tung-kuo? 东方--Tung-fangF: 范/樊--Fan/Van? 房/方—Fang 费—Fei 冯/凤/封--Fung/Fong 符/傅--Fu/FooG:?盖--Kai????? 甘--Kan????? 高/郜--Gao/Kao 葛--Keh???? 耿--Keng?? 弓/宫/龚/恭--Kung 勾--Kou?????古/谷/顾--Ku/Koo? 桂--Kwei管/关--Kuan/Kwan???? 郭/国--Kwok/Kuo公孙--Kung-sun???????? 公羊--Kung-yang公冶--Kung-yeh?????? 谷梁--Ku-liang H:?海--Hay?????韩--Hon/Han?????? 杭--Hang郝--Hoa/Howe????? 何/贺—Ho桓—Won侯--Hou???? 洪—Hung胡/扈--Hu/Hoo??????? 花/华--Hua宦--Huan 黄--Wong/Hwang霍—Huo皇甫--Hwang-fu 呼延--Hu-yenJ:?纪/翼/季/吉/嵇/汲/籍/姬--Chi???居--Chu贾--Chia?????? 翦/简--Jen/Jane/Chieh蒋/姜/江/--Chiang/Kwong?????? 焦--Chiao金/靳--Jin/King/Kam(港粤)/Chin(台)/Kim(朝鲜)景/荆--King/Ching????? 讦--GanK:?阚--Kan???? 康--Kang??? 柯--Kor/Ko孔--Kong/Kung 寇—Ker蒯--Kuai????匡--KuangL: 赖--Lai?????蓝--Lan 郎—Long劳--Lao??? 乐—Loh 雷--Rae/Ray/Lei冷—Leng 黎/郦/利/李--Lee/Li/Lai/Li连--Lien????廖--Liu/Liao 梁--Leung/Liang林/蔺--Lim/Lin 凌—Lin柳/刘--Liu/Lau????? 龙—Long楼/娄—Lou 卢/路/陆鲁--Lu/Loo伦—Lun 罗/骆--Loh/Lo/Law/Lam/Rowe 吕--Lui/Lu????令狐--Lin-hooM: 马/麻--Ma???? 麦--Mai/Mak??? 满--Man/Mai 毛--Mao 梅--Mei?? 孟/蒙--Mong/Meng米/宓--Mi?????苗/缪--Miau/Miao???闵--Min穆/慕--Moo/Mo?莫--Mok/Mo万俟--Moh-chi慕容--Mo-yungN: 倪--Nee???? 甯--Ning?? 聂—Nieh牛--New/Niu 农--Long 南宫--Nan-kungO:?欧/区--Au/Ou????? 欧阳--Ou-yangP:?潘--Pang/Pan????? 庞--Pang??? 裴--Pei/Bae 彭--Phang/Pong??? 皮--Pee??????? 平--Ping浦/蒲/卜--Poo/Pu??????? 濮阳--Poo-yangQ:?祁/戚/齐--Chi/Chyi/Chi/Chih?????钱--Chien乔--Chiao/Joe?? 秦—Ching裘/仇/邱—Chiu屈/曲/瞿--Chiu/ChuR:?冉--Yien?????? 饶--Yau????? 任--Jen/Yum容/荣--Yung??????阮--Yuen???????芮--NeiS:?司--Sze??????? 桑--Sang???????沙—Sa邵--Shao 单/山--San??? 尚/商--Sang/Shang沈/申—Shen 盛--Shen?????? 史/施/师/石--Shih/Shi 苏/宿/舒--Sue/Se/Soo/Hsu孙--Sun/Suen宋--Song/Soung/Sung（港台）/Soong Ching Ling司空--Sze-kung???司马--Sze-ma 司徒--Sze-to单于--San-yu????上官--Sang-kuan 申屠--Shen-tuT:?谈--Tan???????? 汤/唐--Town/Towne/Tang 邰--Tai???????? 谭--Tan/Tam????? 陶--Tao藤--Teng???? 田--Tien??????? 童—Tung屠--Tu 澹台--Tan-tai??? 拓拔--Toh-bahW:?万--Wan???? 王/汪--Wong????? 魏/卫/韦--Wei 温/文/闻--Wen/Chin/Vane/Man翁--Ong吴/伍/巫/武/邬/乌--Wu/NG/WooX:?奚/席--Hsi/Chi?????? 夏--Har/Hsia/(Summer) 肖/萧--Shaw/Siu/Hsiao????? 项/向--Hsiang。

English for graduates majoring in Teaching Chinese to Speakers of Other LanguagesOrigin of Chinese CharactersFrom /08olympics/2008-07/09/content_136328.htm Different from Western characters, Chinese characters are square and indicate either pronunciation or meaning or both. Chinese characters provide a convenient tool for imagery thinking.With language, ancient humans began accumulating knowledge through which human culture came forth. With characters, they recorded the language and communicated with each other, which distinguished man from animals. It is characters that drew a line between the primitive and civilized periods of human society.There are various sayings in ancient Chinese documents concerning the origin of Chinese characters, such as "tie knots(结绳)," the "Eight Diagrams(八卦)," "picture," and "carved characters," among others. The legendary story about Cang Jie creating characters is generally recorded in ancient books. According to ancient records, Chinese characters were created by Cang Jie, a history officer of the legendary Yellow Emperor（黄帝）.Huainanzi (Masters in the Kingdom of Huainan) says that it was because of the characters Cang Jie made that the Heaven rained grains and ghosts cried at night. Xun Zi and Shi Jing (The Book of Odes颂歌) and other ancient books also record the legend of Cang Jie creating Chinese characters. By the Qin (221-206BC) and Han (206BC-220AD) dynasties, the legend had become more widespread and had more far-reaching(深远的) influence.Historians in the past once tried to prove whether there was a person named Cang Jie in history, and if he did exist, when he lived, but they failed to draw a conclusion due to lack of irrefutable（adj.不能反驳的, 不能驳倒的）proof.Some people guessed that Cang Jie was the historiographer（历史学家；史料编纂者）of the Yellow Emperor. Xunzi thought Cang Jie must have been a prehistoric wise man who sorted out and standardized the characters that had already been in use.Evidently the legend of Cang Jie cannot be accepted as the truth, forany script can only be a creation developed by people to meet the needs of social life over a long period of trial and experiment. Chinese characters are a huge and complicated system, and they could only have come into being after a long period of creation and development.According to modern researchers, the ancestors of the Chinese people tied knots in rope to record events. Later, they adopted sharp weapons to inscribe（雕、刻）signs, and developed the earliest form of Chinese characters. Archeologists（考古学家）have found inscribed signs on Neolithic（['niə'lɪθɪk]新石器时代的）pottery（陶器）shards（碎片）in Banpo Village in Shaanxi Province. These signs, dating back to some 6,000 years ago, were possibly the seeds of later Chinese characters.Inscribed signs, a little younger than those found in Banpo Village, were also found on pottery along the lower reaches of the Yellow River （黄河下游）. There, archeologists found a sign with shapes of the moon and a five-peak mountain underneath a circle. Experts in ancient characters say the pictograph（['pɪktəgrɑːf] n.象形文字, 古代石壁画）symbolizes the interval（距离，间隔）in which the moon disappears and the sun rises. Mythology（[mɪ'θɒlədʒɪ]神话学）researchers have another interpretation. Their understanding is that the moon shape symbolizes the red clouds as the sun rises, and thus the picture portrays（[pɔː'treɪ]描绘）a sunrise over the sea.Most of the signs inscribed on pottery were painted red, creating an imposing（adj.使人难忘的, 壮丽的）and mysterious impression. The hypothesis is that pictographs were used in sacrificial rituals（['rɪtʃʊəl]宗教仪式）dedicated to（献给）the sunrise or as prayers for good harvests. They were inscribed in an orderly way, and the strokes（笔画）are full of strength. Similar signs and designs have been found in other regions in China, indicating they had become generally recognized. These are the earliest symbols, or pictographs, in China and are more than 5,000 years old.In Qinghai Province in western China, pottery objects of approximately the same period and inscribed with images of birds, insects and animals have been unearthed（掘出）. These, too, are regarded as pictographs. According to philologist（文献学者；语言学者）Tang Lan（唐兰）, Chinese characters originated from pictures; The older the characters, the more they look like pictures. Since pictures have no fixed forms, the ancient Chinese characters were generally free in form.Xu Shen, a philologist of the Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD), divided Chinese characters into six categories. Modern scholars have since reduced them to three types, of which the pictographic character is one. The picture signs are the embryos（['embrɪəʊ]胚胎）of both calligraphy and painting, which gave rise to the Chinese saying that calligraphy and painting have the same origin. At first, the pictographic characters differed from region to region. As time went by, however, they become more standardized, abstract and united, and the earliest Chinese written language, Jiaguwen (shell and bone writing) appeared.Very important website: /index.htmNote: omniglot=omni+glot;omni=(Greek) all;glot=(Greek) language (see English glossary);omniglot=all languages.Origins of writing in ChinaFrom /writing/chinese.htmMost linguists believe that writing was invented in China during the latter half of the 2nd millennium BC and that there is no evidence to suggest the transmission of writing from elsewhere. The earliest recognizable examples of written Chinese date from 1500-950 BC (Shang dynasty) and were inscribed on ox scapulae and turtle shells - "oracle bones".In 1899 a scholar from Beijing named Wang Yirong noticed symbols that looked like writing on some "dragon bones" which he had been prescribed by a pharmacy. At that time "dragon bones" were often used in Chinese medicine and were usually animal fossils. Many more "oracle bones" were found in the ruins of the Shang capital near Anyang in the north of Henan province.The script on these "oracle bones" is known as 甲骨文(jiăgŭwén) - literally "shell bone writing". They were used for divination, a process which involved heating them then inspecting the resulting cracks to determine to answers to one's questions. The bones were then inscribed with details of the questions and the answers. Most of the questions involved hunting, warfare, the weather and the selection of auspicious days for ceremonies.A collection of oracle bones in the National Palace Museum near Taipei.Recently archaeologists in China have unearthed many fragments of neolithic pottery, the oldest of which date from about 4800 BC, inscribed with symbols which could be a form of writing. None of these symbols resemble any of the Shang characters and the likelyhood of deciphering them is remote given the paucity of material.The Chinese writing systemChinese is written with characters which are known as 漢字[汉字] (hànzi). The characters were originally pictures of people, animals or other things, but over the centuries they have become increasingly stylized and no longer resemble the things they represent. Many characters have been combined with others to create new ones.Until the early 20th century, Classical Chinese, 文言(wényán), was the main form of writing in China. It was standardized during the late Han Dynasty (25-220 AD) and was also used in Korea, Japan and Vietnam before they developed their own writing systems.In Classical Chinese most words were monosyllabic and written with a single character. However, during the 1920s a new form of written Chinese modelled on spoken Mandarin was developed. Most Chinese publications since then have been written in this form, which is known as 白話[白话] (báihuà), though Classical Chinese constructions and especially proverbs are still used to some extent.In spoken Chinese, words are made up of one, two or more syllables. Each of the syllables is written with a separate character. Each character has its own meaning, though many are used only in combination with other characters.Every character is given exactly the same amount of space, no matter how complex it is. There are no spaces between characters and the characters which make up multi-syllable words are not grouped together, so when reading Chinese, you not only have to work out what the characters mean and how to pronounce them, but also which characters belong together.How many characters?The Chinese writing system is an open-ended one, meaning that there is no upper limit to the number of characters. The largest Chinese dictionaries include about 56,000 characters, but most of them are archaic, obscure or rare variant forms. Knowledge of about 3,000 characters enables you to read about 99% of the characters used in Chinese newspapers and magazines. To read Chinese literature, technical writings or Classical Chinese though, you need to be familiar with at least 6,000 characters.UsageCharacters can be used on their own, in combination with other characters or as part of other characters.StrokesFrom /writing/chinese.htmChinese characters are written with the following twelve basic strokes:A character may consist of between 1 and 64 stokes. The strokes are always written in the same direction and there is a set（固定的）order to write the strokes of each character. In dictionaries, characters are ordered partly by the number of stokes they contain.NotesThe 39-stroke character (3 x thunder) means "the sound of thunder" and is always written doubled (靐靐). The 48-stroke character (3 dragons) means "the appearance of a dragon walking".HomophonesThere are approximately 1,700 possible syllables in Mandarin, which compares with over 8,000 in English. As a result, there are many homophones - syllables which sound the same but mean different things. These are distinguished in written Chinese by using different characters for each one.Not all the following characters are pronounced with the same tone, so to Chinese ears they sound different. To Western ears however they all sound the same. These syllables can be distinguished in speech from the context and because most of them usually appear in combination with other syllables.If you look closely, you will notice that some of the characters above have parts in common. These parts give you a clue to how to pronounce the characters.More examples of homophonesIt is even possible to write a text in Chinese using on one sound, pronounced with different tones, of course. This is exactly what Chinese linguist, Zhao Yuanren, did when he wrote the "Story of Shi Eating the Lions" using nothing but the sound 'shi'. The story makes sense in written form, but is impossible to understand when read aloud.You can see and hear the story on:/onlinelit/stonelion.html施氏食獅史shi1 shi4 shi2 shi1 shi3Story of Shi Eating the Lions石室詩士施氏, shi2 shi4 shi1 shi4 shi1shi4,A poet named Shi lived in a stone room,嗜獅,誓食十獅. shi4 shi1, shi4 shi2 shi2shi1.fond of lions, he swore that he would eat tenlions.氏時時適市視獅. shi4 shi2 shi2 shi4 shi4shi4 shi1.He constantly went to the market to look forten lions.十時,適十獅適市. shi2 shi2, shi4 shi2 shi1shi4 shi4.At ten o'clock, ten lions came to the market是時，適施氏適是市. shi4 shi2, shi4 shi1 shi4shi4 shi4 shi4.and Shi went to the market.氏視是十獅,恃矢勢, shi4 shi4 shi4 shi2 shi1,shi4 shi3 shi4,Looking at the ten lions, he relied on hisarrows使是十獅逝世. shi3 shi4 shi2 shi1 shi4shi4.to cause the ten lions to pass away.氏拾是十獅屍, 適石室. shi4 shi2 shi4 shi2 shi1shi1, shi4 shi2 shi4.Shi picked up the corpses of the ten lions andtook them to his stone room.石室濕，氏使侍拭石室. shi2 shi4, shi1, shi4 shi3shi4 shi4 shi2 shi4.The stone room was damp. Shi ordered aservant to wipe the stone room.石室拭，氏始試食十獅屍. shi2 shi4 shi4, shi4 shi3shi4 shi2 shi2 shi1 shi1.As the stone den was being wiped, Shi beganto try to eat the meat of the ten lions.食時, 始識十獅屍, shi2 shi2, shi3 shi4 shi4shi2 shi1 shi1,At the time of the meal, he began to realizethat the ten lion corpses實十石獅屍. shi2 shi2 shi2 shi1 shi1. were in fact were ten stone lions.試釋是事. shi4 shi4 shi4 shi4 Try to explain this matter.Compound wordsChinese verbs and adjectives generally consist of one character (syllable) but nouns often consist of two, three or more characters (syllables):Simplified Chinese charactersThe Simplified script (a.k.a.<also known as又名> Simplified Chinese) was officially adopted in the People's Republic of China in 1949 in an effort to eradicate（根除）illiteracy. The simplified script is also used in Singapore but the older traditional characters are still used in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau and Malaysia.A second round of simplifications which was published in 1977 but proved very unpopular and was abandoned in 1986.About 2,000 characters have been simplified in a number of different ways (the simplified characters are shown in red):Many simplified characters are based on commonly used abbreviations:Others retain only one part from the traditional character.Some replace the phonetic element of the traditional character with a simpler one that is pronounced in the same or in a similar way:In some cases, several traditional characters are represented by one simplified character:Recently the traditional characters have started to make a come back, particularly in southern China.Sample text in ChineseHànyŭ pīnyīn transliterationRénrén shēng ér zìyóu, zài zūnyán hé quánlì shàng yīlǜpíngdĕng. Tāmen fùyŏu lĭxìng hé liángxīn, bìng yīng yĭ xiōngdì guānxì de jīngshén hùxiāng duìdài.Direction of writingTraditionally Chinese was written from right to left in vertical columns. The first publication in Chinese using horizontal (left to right) text was Robert Morrison's Dictionary of the Chinese language, published in 1815–1823 in Macau. The increasing use of words in Western languages, especially English, in Chinese texts from the early 20th century made horizontal texts more popular.Since 1949 horizontal writing has become the standard in the PRC, and all PRC newspapers changed from vertical to horizontal text in 1956, though some headlines are written vertically, as are inscriptions（题字）of signs on most state organizations.The horizontal writing of Chinese is normal in Singapore, and it has been gradually adopted in Hong Kong, Macao and in overseas Chinese communities since the 1990s.Vertical text remains popular in Taiwan however, though horizontal text is used as well. In Taiwan newspapers and magazines with vertical text, some of the headlines and titles are written horizontally right to left across the top of the main text.Use of Chinese characters for other languagesChinese characters are used to write Modern Standard Chinese, which is based largely on spoken Mandarin. Other varieties of Chinese, especially Cantonese, are sometimes written with Chinese characters, or with a combination of characters and words in the Latin alphabet. Some of the characters used are archaic（陈旧的，古老的）or invented specifically for these languages.Chinese characters have been used to write Japanese and Korean and Vietnamese. They are still used in written Japanese, in combination with hiragana（平假名-日文字母的草体）and katakana（片假名）, and to a much lesser in written Korean, while Vietnamese is now written with the Latin alphabet.Evolution of Chinese CharactersFrom /writing/chinese_evolution.htmThe images（图象）below illustrate how a number of Chinese characters have changed over time from their earliest known pictographic（象形文字的）forms, to the versions used today.The Large Seal and Small Seal scripts are still used to write names on personal name chops（官印）, and are also occasionally used to write company names on buildings, stationery（文具）, name cards, etc.The Grass script (a.k.a. <also known as又名> Cursive script) is used mainly for Chinese calligraphy. Each character is written with one continuous stroke, which enables very rapid writing, though characters written in this way are difficult to read. Legibility（易辨性）is not a primary concern for Chinese calligraphers, instead they aim to produce calligraphy that is aesthetically（审美地）pleasing.The Simplified script(a.k.a. Simplified Chinese), was officially adopted in the People's Republic of China in 1949 in an effort to eradicate illiteracy. It is also used in Singapore.Sample textsSmall Seal Script (小篆)Clerical Script (隸書)Standard Script with zhùyīn fúhào (楷書)Running script (行書)Grass scriptSimplified characters (简体字)。