2020届高考英语一轮复习语法专项突破 状语从句

专题十五状语从句重难点分析状语从句是由从句担任状语，在句子中可修饰谓语动词（或其他动词）、形容词、副词或整个句子。

它可以用来表示时间、地点、条件、原因、结果、目的、让步、比较、方式等。

状语从句是一个较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的重点考点。

高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考的热点，应做充分的准备。

同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视。

不同的状语从句所使用的连接词也各不相同。

如下表所示：一、时间状语从句1. while, when, as引导时间状语从句时的区别(1) while引导的状语从句中谓语动词必须是持续性动词。

谓语动词多为进行时或状态动词的一般时。

此时可与when互换。

如：Please keep quiet while/when others are studying. 当别人正在学习时，请保持安静。

(2) when除可指一段时间外，还可用来指时间点，等于“at the time”，即when引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是瞬间的，也可以是持续性的。

因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时、进行时或完成时。

如：When I went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment. (when不能换成while) 当我走进实验室时，老师正在做实验。

(3) as常可与when, while通用，但as强调“一边……一边……”。

如：As(When/While) I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car. 当我沿着大街散步时，我注意到一辆警车。

(4) when有时代替if，引导条件句，意为“如果，假如”。

如：I will come when(if) I am fine. 如果我有空，我就会来。

2. till, until引导时间状语短语或状语从句，用于否定句时，结构为not…until，主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可，意为“直到……才……”；用于肯定句时，主句谓语动词需用延续性动词，表示“到……为止”。

入舵市安恙阳光实验学校专题12 状语从句一、状语从句概览二、语法详解在复合句中作状语的从句叫做状语从句。

状语从句可以位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。

1.时间状语从句1．when, while和as引导的时间状语从句连词含义用法when当……时候可与延续性动词或非延续性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生while当……时候只可与延续性动词连用；侧重于主句动作与从句动作相对比as一边……一边……；随着常与延续性动词连用；从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生1.Researchers in Britain found that when French music wasplayed, sales of French wines went up.2.While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words andimages.3.As he grew older, he became less active.[特别注意] 如果主句表示的是非延续性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，则when, while与as可互换使用。

When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend.2．表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语引导的时间状语从句(1)有的名词(短语)或副词可引导时间状语从句，如：the moment, theminute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly,instantly等，另外as soon as也可引导时间状语从句，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。

For example, the moment you get on the airplane, startadjusting your biological clock to the destination's time.The boy ran off the minute he saw the owner of the orchard.(2)在hardly/scarcely ... when和no sooner ... than ...结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。

【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：练习：①I made many friends _______________ I was at university.②He listens to the radio ______________ he is driving to work.③______-____ the Spring Festival drew near, the child became more and more excited.④I was about to leave ________-_____ someone came to visit me.⑤He is very diligent _______________ his son is very lazy.（2）引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：1）till, not … until …, until, before, sinceDon’t get off the bus until it has stopped.He waited for his father until（till）it was twelve o’clock.It will be five years before he returns from England.常用句型：It is/was/will be …before…要过多久才……It isn’t /wasn’t/won’t be…before…没有多久就……It will be another five days before we finish this task.It is not long before I forgot it all.练习：①I explained the sentence for three times _____________ he understood me.②Two weeks ______________ she got divorced, she left her hometown to start a new life.③Don’t get off the bus ______________ it has stopped.2）hardly / scarcely … when, no sooner … than, as soon as, once表示“一……就”As soon as I have finished it, I’ll give y ou a call.Once you show any fear, he will attack you.We had hardly got / Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain.No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining.3）directly, immediately, the moment, the minute that… 一……就He made for the door directly he heard the knock.4）each time, every time, by the time（到……为止）Each time he came to my city, he would call on me.注意：表示未来情况，主句用将来时，从句用现在时。

高考英语语法专项突破复习讲义04状语从句语法知识点总结与练习（含答案解析）01.作用：增加信息量状语从句，就是作状语的从句。

脱离了状语从句的主句，自己也能独立，意思不受影响；但〜如果有状语从句会更好，信息量增加了，整个句子的表达更加丰富：比如，你跟朋友八卦一件事的时候，就可以用状语从句，让TA知道这件事发生的时间、地点、原因、结果、企图等等。

增加有关原因的信息D&G had to cancel its fashion show in Shanghaibecause it has pissed off the whole nation.状语从句杜嘉班纳不得不取消时装秀，因为它把整个中国都得罪了。

解析：“D&G取消了上海时装秀”，这个主句的意义是完整的，能够独立存在；但有了状语从句because it has pissed off the whole nation,我们就多了一点信息，比如这货为什么（得）取消时装秀。

If you don't jump, I won't jump.如果你不跳，我就不珪。

Unless you jump, I won't jump我不跳，除非你（也）跳。

05.原因状语从句告诉你事情发生的原因，通常由because, since, as引导。

从气场上看, because > since > as。

because表示直接原因；用于“因为什么原因，导致什么结果”的情况，能够回答why的提问；值得注意的是，跟你说话的好奇宝宝不知道原因，所以才会问为什么，because…是新信息。

-Why do you hate her?—Because her dog always shits at my door.注：在英文表达中，because和so不能一起用。

而大多数情况下，since和as的原因都是你知我知了，它们的区别在于:since从句基本放句首，一般作“既然”理解（有时候听起来真的勉强呢Since you asked, let me tell you why.既然你问起，那我就告诉你原因吧......as可以理解为“由于”，表原因意义相对最弱、最不正式的一个。

专题十四名词性从句重难点分析名词性从句是历年高考的重点和难点，也是热点。

名词性从句相当于名词，可作主句的主语、宾语、表语和同位语。

因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句（见下表）。

主语从句作主语，用that, whether, if, what(=the thing that)等连接词引导。

宾语从句作宾语，用that（可省略）, whether（or not）, if, what(=the thing which)等连接词引导。

表语从句用that（一般不省略）, whether, what(=the thing which)等连接词引导。

同位语从句用that（常用在news, thought, idea, plan, suggestion, fact等词后），whether等连接词引导。

一、主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主语谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

如：Who will go is not important. 谁将去不是重要的。

1. it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。

而it引导的强调句则是对句子每一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。

被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。

如：It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. (主语从句) 你没去看电影真是遗憾。

It is in the morning that the murder took place. （强调句）谋杀案发生的时间是在早晨。

2. 用it作形式主语的结构句型例句1 It is+名词+主语从句It is a fact that…事实是……/ It is an honor that…非常荣幸……/ It iscommon knowledge that………是常识2 It is+形容词+主语从句It is natural that………很自然/ It is strange that…奇怪的是……（此句型后面常接虚拟语气should+动词原形）3 It+不及物动词+主语从句It seems that…似乎……/ It happened that…碰巧……/ It appears that…似乎……4 It is/has been+过去分词+It is reported that…据报道……/ It has been proved that…据证实……/ It is主语从句said that…据说……/ It is believed that 据认为/一般人都认为……2. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况说明例句1 if引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首Whether he will come or not in unknown. (正)If he will come or not is unknown. (误)2 It is said/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前It is said that Jiang will visit our school next week. (正) Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (误)3 It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (正) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (误)4 It doesn’t matter how/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (正) Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (误)5 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前Isn’t likely that it will rain in the evening? (正) Is that it will rain in the evening likely? (误)二、宾语从句宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。

高考英语一轮复习28：状语从句一、单选题1．You should try to get a good night's sleep ______ much work you have to do.A．however B．no matter C．although D．whatever【分析】无论你有多少工作要做，你都应该尽量睡个好觉。

A、however无论怎样；B、no matter不要紧；C、although虽然；D、whatever无论什么。

however相当于no matter how意为”无论怎样“，后接形容词或副词，可引导让步状语从句，本句子中设空处后形容词much，可知however符合句意，故选A。

2．You should always try to achieve more, ________ well you have done before.A．however B．whatever C．whenever D．wherever【分析】无论你以前做得多好，你都应该努力实现更多。

A. however“无论如何”；B. whatever“无论什么”；C. whenever“无论何时”；D. wherever“无论哪里”。

此处表示“无论你以前做得多好”，应用however引导让步状语从句，修饰副词well。

故选A。

3．In fact, more than one account suggests that ______ Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof ____ it hit him on the head.A．when, why B．while, that C．if, that D．while, why【分析】事实上，不止一种说法表明，虽然牛顿确实是受到了一个掉落的苹果的启发，但没有证据表明它击中了他的头部。

专题十二句子种类重难点分析句子是具有一定的语法结构，表达一个独立完整意义的语言单位。

高考重点要求考生：1.掌握陈述句的基本用法；2.掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的应答；3.掌握祈使句的构成及作用；4.掌握感叹句的用法和构成；5.分清简单句、并列句和复合句的类型。

考生对句子种类相关知识的掌握对提高书面表达的准确性也显得尤为重要。

一、句子种类分类句子种类例句按使用目的陈述句肯定句He is six years old. 他六岁了。

否定句She didn’t hear of you before. 她之前没听说过你。

疑问句一般Do they like skating? 他们喜欢溜冰吗？特殊How old is he? 他多大了？选择Is he six or seven years old? 他是六岁还是七岁？反意Mary can swim, can’t she? 玛丽会游泳，不是吗？祈使句Be quiet, boys. Don’t talk in class. 安静，孩子们。

不要在课堂上讲话。

感叹句How clever the boy is! / What a clever boy he is! 一个多么聪明的男孩啊！按结构简单句He often reads English in the morning. 他常常在早晨读英语。

Tom and Mike are American boys. 汤姆和迈克是美国人。

并列句(由并列连词or, and, but等或用分号把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起)You help him and he helps you. 你帮助他，他也帮助你。

The food was good, but he had little appetite. 饭菜很好吃，但他没什么胃口。

The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

考点八并列句和状语从句限时25分钟一、单句语法填空1．Sometimes it's hard to accept the truth ________ the lie sounds so much better．答案：because 句意：有时候事实真相很难被接受，因为谎言往往要顺耳多了。

此处表示原因,故填because。

2．________ noted otherwise, these brochures are free of charge．答案：Unless 句意：除非另外标注，否则这些小册子都是免费的.根据语意可知，用unless。

本题也是一个省略句，相当于Unless these brochures are noted ．．．。

3．She was such a proud person that she would die ________ she would admit she was wrong．答案：before 句意：她是个如此骄傲的人以至于她宁愿死也不愿承认她是错的。

这里用before，翻译成“宁可……也不愿”,常与will或would连用。

4．I think John will make a good monitor，________ I’d like to votefor him．答案:so 句意:我认为约翰会成为一个好班长，所以我想选他。

前后句是因果关系，故填so。

5．My mother is always warning me when I go out，“Don’t get off the bus ________ it is running．”答案：while 句意：我出去的时候，妈妈总是警告我：“不要在车还在走的时候下车。

” 此处while意为“当……的时候”。

6．I had hardly rung the bell ________ the door was opened suddenly，and my son rushed out to greet me．答案:when 句意：我刚一(几乎还没有)按门铃,门突然就被打开了，我儿子就冲出来迎接我。

特殊句式（倒装句、强调句）单句语法填空1、At no time __________they actually break the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.2、So much progress __________he make that he was honored with the title of “Model Student of the province”.3、Unsatisfied __________he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience,4、Only after talking to two students __________I discover that reaching their goals resulted from having strong motivations.5、No sooner__________Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.6、Much __________I like it,I don’t buy it,for it’s too expensive.7、Not only__________ the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.8、Only when Lily walked into the office __________(do) she realize that she had left the contract at home.9、Only then__________(do) they realize how much damage had been caused.10、Not until he left his home __________(do) he realize how important the family was for him.11、Only after a year of friendly discussion __________Ms. Garza finally say yes. 12Only by communicating with each other more frequently they clear away the misunderstandings and solve the conflict.13 (sit) under the tree was a charming girl aged about seventeen or eighteen.14In front of the farmhouse (lie) a peasant boy.15、At the foot of the mountain__________(lie) a small village.16、Was it because Jack came late for school__________Mr. Smith got angry?17、It was not until recently __________they encouraged the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.18、You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel__________ the coach picks up tourists.19、It was with the help of the local guide__________the mountain climber was rescued.20、It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house __________we saw Lily in the passenger scat.单句改错1、They said never before have they experienced so interesting a class._____________________________________________________________________2、Just in front of the church stands two big trees with a history of 500 years. _____________________________________________________________________3、Hardly we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our map in the room.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4、Not until I had read the report I understand the true state of affairs._____________________________________________________________________5、Only when he came back I know the whole story._____________________________________________________________________6、It was he which showed me how to smile through the rough times._____________________________________________________________________7、This has to change because it is not clothes or shoes that makes a person. _____________________________________________________________________8、It was at his uncle’s home where Jack broke a glass yesterday afternoon._____________________________________________________________________9、It was this morning when I came across my former teacher in the supermarket. _____________________________________________________________________10、It was in the street where there were lots of shops I met him._____________________________________________________________________答案以及解析单句语法填空1答案及解析：答案：did解析：句意:实际上他们从未违反比赛规则,惩罚他们是不公平的。

专题十六倒装句和省略句重难点分析一、倒装句倒装句主要考查以下几个方面：◆含有否定意味的词置于句首，用部分倒装；◆“only+状语/状语从句”置于句首，用部分倒装；◆so/such…that句型中，“so+形容词/副词”提前，用部分倒装；◆表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，要用完全倒装。

1. 倒装句用法一览表：分类倒装条件及相关句型结构例句完全倒装There be…句型There are many students in our school. 我们学校有很多学生。

表地点的介词短语置于句首：地点状语+谓语(be, lie, sit等)+主语Near the river is/stands a pine tree. 河的附近有一棵松树。

here, there, now, then, up, down, away,out等副词位于句首Out rushed the boy. 这个男孩冲了出去。

Then came the teacher. 接着老师进来了。

直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒装：“…,”said/asked sb.“You had better stay at home,” said my mother. “你最好待在家。

”我妈说。

强调表语，置于句首，或为保持句子平衡Fastened to the pole is the national flag. 系在杆子上的是国旗。

We saw a house, in front of which stood a tall tree. 我们看到了一所房子，房子前面有一棵高高的树。

主谓宾结构的一般疑问句和特殊疑问句Have you finished your homework? 你完成家庭作业了吗？Why did you buy it? 你为什么买它？seldom, never, little, hardly, nowhere,by no means, in no time等表否定意义的副词或短语置于句首Seldom does he watch TV. 他很少看电视。

2024年山东省夏季高考高中英语主从复合句之状语从句考点清单1.基本概念状语是用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或句子的一种句子成分。

它可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式等。

当一个句子充当状语时，也就是状语从句。

2.时间状语从句1)when,whiIe,as连词从句谓语动词用法when 延续性动词、非延续性动词从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生while延续性动词从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生as延续性动词强调主从句动作相伴发生，可译为“一边……一边……；随着”e.g.While/When I was read i ng,he came i n.（我正在看书时，他进来了）The students sang as they wa I ked.（学生们边走边唱）Meta I s expand when they are heated.（金属受热时会膨胀）2）before/sineebefore基本语义“在…之前"，还可译为"还未…就…”"…才…”"还没来得及…"常用句式有：①It wi I I（not）be---段时间+before...“（没有）过....（时间）才（就）....."②It was not Iong before...“不久...就...."③It was+时间段+before...“过了...（时间）才...."s i nc i意为“自从以来…"常用句式为：It is/has been+一段时间+sinee…（从句用一般过去时）e.g.It will be half a year before I come back.我半年之后才回来。

It won't be Iong before we meet again.用不了多久我们就能再见面。

It was three days before he came back.三天后他才回来。

专题十八虚拟语气重难点分析虚拟语气是英语中一个较大的语法项目，高考语法填空和短文改错都曾经设过考点，考生应予以重视。

英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。

虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不是表示客观存在的事实。

此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。

虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。

一、虚拟语气在从句中的用法和构成一览表类别用法例句if引导的条件状语从句与现在事实相反从句动词：过去式(be多用were，但在口语中，如果主语是第一/三人称，be动词可用was)；主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形If he were here, he would help us.如果他在这，他会帮我们的。

与过去事实相反从句动词：had+过去分词；主句动词：should/would/could/might + have+过去分词If I had been free, I would havevisited you. 如果我那时有空，我就会去拜访你了。

与将来事实相反从句动词：过去式/ should+动词原形/ were+不定式；主句动词：should/would/could/might +动词原形If it should rain tomorrow, we wouldnot go camping. 如果明天下雨，我们就不去露营了。

其他状语从句as if/though引导的状语从句中动词用过去式或过去完成式They are talking was if they were/had been friends for years. 他们交谈着，好像是多年的老朋友。

even if/though引导的从句，与现在/将来事实相反时，从句动词用过去式，主句动词用should/would+动词原形；与过去事实相反时，从句动词用had+过去分词，主句动词用should/would+ have+过去分词Even if we failed, we wouldn’t losecourage. 即使我们失败了，我们也不会失去勇气。

定语从句单句语法填空1、That’s the new machine__________ parts are too small to be seen.2、I refuse to accept the blame for something __________ was someone else’s fault.3、It’s helpful to put children in a situation__________they can see themselves differently.4、I admire my English teacher. I can remember very few occasions__________she stopped working because of ill health.5、In most cases, college graduates don't mind what job they will do so long as it is one__________ they can earn money to support themselves.6、Finally he reached a lonely island__________ was completely cut off from the outside world.7、The dishes __________I cooked were Mom's favorite.8、He wrote a letter__________ he explains what had happened in the accident.9、Simon is a comedian and actor __________has 10 years' experience of teaching comedy.10、The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere__________ his employees enjoy their work.11、Students should involve themselves in community activities __________they can gain experience for growth.12、We have launched another man-made satellite, __________is announced in today’s newspaper.13、For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _________ _________ New York is an example.14、He is now reading a book about a scientist,__________he dreams to be.15、We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,__________the weather may be better.单句改错1、I was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, it drove off quickly.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2、First,we went to Zhili Governor Office,where is a very famous tourist spot in China.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3、Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution,what is bad for living things in the world.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4、In life people make many decisions,some of what are so important that they affect us greatly.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5、It can be seen,more and more people own mobile phones in China now._____________________________________________________________________6、I stay in a dormitory with three other girls,all of them are kind and nice. _____________________________________________________________________7、Cartier first reached the Gulf of the St. Lawrence,which he wanted to make an exploration.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8、Can you tell me the way in which you have come up with?_____________________________________________________________________9、Is this the reason why he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10、Students fail to meet the requirements of the course will fail._____________________________________________________________________11、We should take an active attitude to our studies, and try to get a mark what is true as well as good.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________12、The idea has quickly spread to Europe which special courses are now offered to children who are from 7 to 24 months old.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________13、That was the reason how he was late for school._____________________________________________________________________14、I enjoyed my stay in the library when I could read various books I was interested in.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________15、The woman said that her husband had died some months before and that she didn’t have anyone else in her family could help her.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案以及解析单句语法填空1答案及解析：答案：whose解析：machine为先行词,从句的主语parts前缺少作定语的引导词,只能填入whose。

专题五形容词和副词+比较等级重难点分析形容词和副词的比较等级是英语高考语法填空的常考点，命题形式一般是用所给词语的适当形式填空；若是需要填more, most或fewer, less, least时，可能也会不给出原级。

系动词后接形容词作表语和一些常用副词(seldom, even, enough, never, hardly)也是高考的热点之一。

一、形容词和副词在句中的作用1.形容词在句中通常作定语、表语和补语。

如：English is a useful language.英语是一门有用的语言。

(作定语)English is useful.英语很有用。

(作表语)I find English useful.我觉得英语很有用。

(作补语)2.副词在句中作做状语，修饰动词、形容词、另一副词、介词短语，或者整个句子。

如：He walked quickly in order to get there on time.他为了按时到达那里，走得很快。

(修饰动词walked)He walked very quickly.他走得很快。

Obviously, I believe we can win it. 显然，我相信我能够赢得胜利。

二、形容词和副词的比较等级1. 形容词副词的规则变化。

(1) 一般在词尾直接加er或est。

如：long—longer—longest。

(2) 以不发音的字母e结尾的，在词尾直接加r或st。

如：nice—nicer—nicest。

(3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的，把y变为i，再加er或est。

如：heavy—heavier—heaviest。

(4) 以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾的重读音节，双写末尾这个辅音字母，再加er或est。

如：big—bigger—biggest。

(5) 部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级，加most构成最高级。

如：slowly—more slowly—most slowly；beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful。