2020届高考英语一轮复习语法专项突破 状语从句

专题十五状语从句重难点分析状语从句是由从句担任状语，在句子中可修饰谓语动词（或其他动词）、形容词、副词或整个句子。

它可以用来表示时间、地点、条件、原因、结果、目的、让步、比较、方式等。

状语从句是一个较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的重点考点。

高考中已考查了时间、让步、地点、条件、目的等状语从句，这些从句仍是今后高考的热点，应做充分的准备。

同时对方式状语从句也应引起重视。

不同的状语从句所使用的连接词也各不相同。

如下表所示：一、时间状语从句1. while, when, as引导时间状语从句时的区别(1) while引导的状语从句中谓语动词必须是持续性动词。

谓语动词多为进行时或状态动词的一般时。

此时可与when互换。

如：Please keep quiet while/when others are studying. 当别人正在学习时，请保持安静。

(2) when除可指一段时间外，还可用来指时间点，等于“at the time”，即when引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以是瞬间的，也可以是持续性的。

因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时、进行时或完成时。

如：When I went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment. (when不能换成while) 当我走进实验室时，老师正在做实验。

(3) as常可与when, while通用，但as强调“一边……一边……”。

如：As(When/While) I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car. 当我沿着大街散步时，我注意到一辆警车。

(4) when有时代替if，引导条件句，意为“如果，假如”。

如：I will come when(if) I am fine. 如果我有空，我就会来。

2. till, until引导时间状语短语或状语从句，用于否定句时，结构为not…until，主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可，意为“直到……才……”；用于肯定句时，主句谓语动词需用延续性动词，表示“到……为止”。

入舵市安恙阳光实验学校专题12 状语从句一、状语从句概览二、语法详解在复合句中作状语的从句叫做状语从句。

状语从句可以位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。

1.时间状语从句1．when, while和as引导的时间状语从句连词含义用法when当……时候可与延续性动词或非延续性动词连用；从句动作可以发生在主句动作之前、之后或与主句动作同时发生while当……时候只可与延续性动词连用；侧重于主句动作与从句动作相对比as一边……一边……；随着常与延续性动词连用；从句动作与主句动作同时或几乎同时发生1.Researchers in Britain found that when French music wasplayed, sales of French wines went up.2.While watching TV, children do not merely absorb words andimages.3.As he grew older, he became less active.[特别注意] 如果主句表示的是非延续性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，则when, while与as可互换使用。

When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend.2．表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语引导的时间状语从句(1)有的名词(短语)或副词可引导时间状语从句，如：the moment, theminute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly,instantly等，另外as soon as也可引导时间状语从句，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。

For example, the moment you get on the airplane, startadjusting your biological clock to the destination's time.The boy ran off the minute he saw the owner of the orchard.(2)在hardly/scarcely ... when和no sooner ... than ...结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。

【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：练习：①I made many friends _______________ I was at university.②He listens to the radio ______________ he is driving to work.③______-____ the Spring Festival drew near, the child became more and more excited.④I was about to leave ________-_____ someone came to visit me.⑤He is very diligent _______________ his son is very lazy.（2）引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：1）till, not … until …, until, before, sinceDon’t get off the bus until it has stopped.He waited for his father until（till）it was twelve o’clock.It will be five years before he returns from England.常用句型：It is/was/will be …before…要过多久才……It isn’t /wasn’t/won’t be…before…没有多久就……It will be another five days before we finish this task.It is not long before I forgot it all.练习：①I explained the sentence for three times _____________ he understood me.②Two weeks ______________ she got divorced, she left her hometown to start a new life.③Don’t get off the bus ______________ it has stopped.2）hardly / scarcely … when, no sooner … than, as soon as, once表示“一……就”As soon as I have finished it, I’ll give y ou a call.Once you show any fear, he will attack you.We had hardly got / Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain.No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining.3）directly, immediately, the moment, the minute that… 一……就He made for the door directly he heard the knock.4）each time, every time, by the time（到……为止）Each time he came to my city, he would call on me.注意：表示未来情况，主句用将来时，从句用现在时。

高考英语语法专项突破复习讲义04状语从句语法知识点总结与练习（含答案解析）01.作用：增加信息量状语从句，就是作状语的从句。

脱离了状语从句的主句，自己也能独立，意思不受影响；但〜如果有状语从句会更好，信息量增加了，整个句子的表达更加丰富：比如，你跟朋友八卦一件事的时候，就可以用状语从句，让TA知道这件事发生的时间、地点、原因、结果、企图等等。

增加有关原因的信息D&G had to cancel its fashion show in Shanghaibecause it has pissed off the whole nation.状语从句杜嘉班纳不得不取消时装秀，因为它把整个中国都得罪了。

解析：“D&G取消了上海时装秀”，这个主句的意义是完整的，能够独立存在；但有了状语从句because it has pissed off the whole nation,我们就多了一点信息，比如这货为什么（得）取消时装秀。

If you don't jump, I won't jump.如果你不跳，我就不珪。

Unless you jump, I won't jump我不跳，除非你（也）跳。

05.原因状语从句告诉你事情发生的原因，通常由because, since, as引导。

从气场上看, because > since > as。

because表示直接原因；用于“因为什么原因，导致什么结果”的情况，能够回答why的提问；值得注意的是，跟你说话的好奇宝宝不知道原因，所以才会问为什么，because…是新信息。

-Why do you hate her?—Because her dog always shits at my door.注：在英文表达中，because和so不能一起用。

而大多数情况下，since和as的原因都是你知我知了，它们的区别在于:since从句基本放句首，一般作“既然”理解（有时候听起来真的勉强呢Since you asked, let me tell you why.既然你问起，那我就告诉你原因吧......as可以理解为“由于”，表原因意义相对最弱、最不正式的一个。

专题十四名词性从句重难点分析名词性从句是历年高考的重点和难点，也是热点。

名词性从句相当于名词，可作主句的主语、宾语、表语和同位语。

因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句（见下表）。

主语从句作主语，用that, whether, if, what(=the thing that)等连接词引导。

宾语从句作宾语，用that（可省略）, whether（or not）, if, what(=the thing which)等连接词引导。

表语从句用that（一般不省略）, whether, what(=the thing which)等连接词引导。

同位语从句用that（常用在news, thought, idea, plan, suggestion, fact等词后），whether等连接词引导。

一、主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主语谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。

如：Who will go is not important. 谁将去不是重要的。

1. it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。

而it引导的强调句则是对句子每一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。

被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。

如：It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. (主语从句) 你没去看电影真是遗憾。

It is in the morning that the murder took place. （强调句）谋杀案发生的时间是在早晨。

2. 用it作形式主语的结构句型例句1 It is+名词+主语从句It is a fact that…事实是……/ It is an honor that…非常荣幸……/ It iscommon knowledge that………是常识2 It is+形容词+主语从句It is natural that………很自然/ It is strange that…奇怪的是……（此句型后面常接虚拟语气should+动词原形）3 It+不及物动词+主语从句It seems that…似乎……/ It happened that…碰巧……/ It appears that…似乎……4 It is/has been+过去分词+It is reported that…据报道……/ It has been proved that…据证实……/ It is主语从句said that…据说……/ It is believed that 据认为/一般人都认为……2. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况说明例句1 if引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首Whether he will come or not in unknown. (正)If he will come or not is unknown. (误)2 It is said/reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前It is said that Jiang will visit our school next week. (正) Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (误)3 It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (正) That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (误)4 It doesn’t matter how/whether…结构中的主语从句不可提前It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (正) Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (误)5 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前Isn’t likely that it will rain in the evening? (正) Is that it will rain in the evening likely? (误)二、宾语从句宾语从句是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。

高考英语一轮复习28：状语从句一、单选题1．You should try to get a good night's sleep ______ much work you have to do.A．however B．no matter C．although D．whatever【分析】无论你有多少工作要做，你都应该尽量睡个好觉。

A、however无论怎样；B、no matter不要紧；C、although虽然；D、whatever无论什么。

however相当于no matter how意为”无论怎样“，后接形容词或副词，可引导让步状语从句，本句子中设空处后形容词much，可知however符合句意，故选A。

2．You should always try to achieve more, ________ well you have done before.A．however B．whatever C．whenever D．wherever【分析】无论你以前做得多好，你都应该努力实现更多。

A. however“无论如何”；B. whatever“无论什么”；C. whenever“无论何时”；D. wherever“无论哪里”。

此处表示“无论你以前做得多好”，应用however引导让步状语从句，修饰副词well。

故选A。

3．In fact, more than one account suggests that ______ Newton was certainly inspired by a falling apple, there is no proof ____ it hit him on the head.A．when, why B．while, that C．if, that D．while, why【分析】事实上，不止一种说法表明，虽然牛顿确实是受到了一个掉落的苹果的启发，但没有证据表明它击中了他的头部。

专题十二句子种类重难点分析句子是具有一定的语法结构，表达一个独立完整意义的语言单位。

高考重点要求考生：1.掌握陈述句的基本用法；2.掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的应答；3.掌握祈使句的构成及作用；4.掌握感叹句的用法和构成；5.分清简单句、并列句和复合句的类型。

考生对句子种类相关知识的掌握对提高书面表达的准确性也显得尤为重要。

一、句子种类分类句子种类例句按使用目的陈述句肯定句He is six years old. 他六岁了。

否定句She didn’t hear of you before. 她之前没听说过你。

疑问句一般Do they like skating? 他们喜欢溜冰吗？特殊How old is he? 他多大了？选择Is he six or seven years old? 他是六岁还是七岁？反意Mary can swim, can’t she? 玛丽会游泳，不是吗？祈使句Be quiet, boys. Don’t talk in class. 安静，孩子们。

不要在课堂上讲话。

感叹句How clever the boy is! / What a clever boy he is! 一个多么聪明的男孩啊！按结构简单句He often reads English in the morning. 他常常在早晨读英语。

Tom and Mike are American boys. 汤姆和迈克是美国人。

并列句(由并列连词or, and, but等或用分号把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起)You help him and he helps you. 你帮助他，他也帮助你。

The food was good, but he had little appetite. 饭菜很好吃，但他没什么胃口。

The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。