如何写英文Abstract

论文英文摘要要求与格式The abstract of an English research paper should typicallybe around 120-250 words. Here is a general requirement andformat for writing an abstract:1. Introduction: Start with a brief introduction to thetopic and briefly explain its significance.2. Purpose/Objective: Clearly state the objective or purpose of the study.3. Methods: Describe the methodology or approach used in the study.5. Conclusion: Provide a summary of the main conclusions derived from the study.6. Implications: Discuss the implications or significance of the findings.7. Future Research: Suggest potential future research directions or studies.8. Keywords: Include a few relevant keywords or phrases that capture the essence of the paper.Remember, an abstract should be concise, clear, and engaging. It should give the readers an overview of the research paper and make them interested in reading the full paper.Note: The length of the abstract can vary depending on the requirements of the journal or conference where you plan to submit your paper. Some journals may specify a maximum word count, while others may have a minimum and maximum word count range. Make sure to follow the specific guidelines provided by the target journal or conference.。

如何写好SCI论文投稿中的Abstract Abstract是SCI论文投稿中不可或缺的一部分。

它通常作为论文的摘要，摘要的质量很大程度上决定了论文被接受的可能性。

因此，如何写好Abstract是每位研究者必须掌握的技能之一。

2023年，Abstract的写作依然是一项重要的任务。

面对越来越激烈的学术竞争，研究者需要通过Abstract来吸引读者的关注并明确表达自己的研究意义和成果。

下面将介绍一些具体的写Abstract的技巧和注意事项，帮助研究者撰写高质量的Abstract。

首先，Abstract的内容应该准确、简洁、具体。

为了达到这个目的，研究者应该遵循以下几个基本原则：1. 提炼核心内容Abstract不是论文的简单概述，而是针对论文的研究问题、方法和成果进行提炼和总结。

因此，研究者应该首先确定论文的核心问题和贡献，然后将其简洁明了地表达在Abstract中。

2. 使用适当的语言和术语研究者应该使用准确、专业的术语和语言来描述论文的问题和成果。

同时，也要注意使用简洁、易懂的语言，特别是在解释论文的复杂概念和模型时，以便读者能够快速理解。

3. 强调结果和贡献在Abstract中，研究者应该突出论文的贡献和创新点，让读者能够明确地看到论文的价值和意义，从而增加论文的吸引力和可读性。

除了上述基本原则，还有一些细节需要研究者注意，以确保Abstract的质量和可读性。

下面列举了一些具体的技巧和注意事项：1. 遵循SCI期刊的写作规范Abstract的格式和内容要符合SCI期刊的要求，这包括使用适当的字体、字号、行间距、段间距，以及指定Abstract的篇幅等。

研究者应该仔细阅读SCI期刊的投稿说明，确保自己的Abstract符合要求。

2. 遵循逻辑顺序和结构研究者应该遵循逻辑顺序和结构来组织Abstract的内容。

通常来说，Abstract应该包括论文的研究问题、研究方法、主要结果、贡献和意义等。

如何撰写毕业论文的英文摘要与关键词AbstractWriting an abstract for a graduation thesis is an essential part of the research process. The abstract serves as a summary of the entire thesis, providing a concise overview of the research objectives, methodology, results, and conclusions. This article aims to guide students on how to effectively draft an abstract for their graduation thesis, including tips on content, structure, and language usage.Keywords: abstract, graduation thesis, research objectives, methodology, results, conclusions1. IntroductionThe abstract of a graduation thesis plays a crucial role in informing readers about the main aspects of the research without requiring them to read the entire thesis. Therefore, it needs to be informative, concise, and well-written in order to capture the reader's attention. This section will provide an overview of the key elements to consider when writing an abstract.2. Content of the AbstractThe content of the abstract should reflect the main components of the graduation thesis. First, it should clearly state the research objectives and the problem statement. This sets the context for the research and allows readers to understand the purpose of the study. Next, the abstract should outline the methodology used to conduct the research, including the data collection methods and analysis techniques employed. It is important to highlight thekey findings and results obtained from the research, showcasing the significance and implications of the study. Finally, the abstract should summarize the main conclusions drawn from the research, highlighting any recommendations or further areas of study.3. Structure of the AbstractTo ensure clarity and coherence, the abstract should follow a specific structure. It is recommended to use the following format: introduction, method, results, and conclusion. This structure allows readers to easily navigate the abstract and understand the main aspects of the research. Each section within the abstract should be concise, yet provide enough information to convey the main ideas effectively.4. Language UsageWhen writing the abstract, it is important to use clear and concise language. Avoid using jargon or technical terms that may not be familiar to all readers. Instead, use plain language to ensure that the abstract can be understood by a wide range of audiences. Additionally, focus on using active voice and avoid excessive use of passive voice to enhance the readability of the abstract. Lastly, proofread the abstract carefully to avoid any grammatical or spelling errors that could hinder the overall clarity of the text.5. Length of the AbstractThe length of the abstract may vary depending on the requirements set by the educational institution or the journal publishing guidelines. However, as a general guideline, the abstract should not exceed 250-300 words. It is important to be concise and selective in the information provided, focusingonly on the key aspects of the research. Remember that the abstract acts as a summary and should not include excessive details or citations.6. Finalizing the AbstractOnce the abstract is drafted, it is essential to review and revise it to ensure accuracy and coherence. Seek feedback from advisors, professors, or peers to gather different perspectives and improve the quality of the abstract. Ensure that the abstract aligns with the content of the graduation thesis and accurately reflects the research conducted. Additionally, double-check the formatting and style requirements to ensure compliance with the specific guidelines provided.In conclusion, writing an abstract for a graduation thesis requires careful consideration of the content, structure, and language usage. The abstract should provide a concise summary of the research objectives, methodology, results, and conclusions. By following the guidelines outlined in this article, students can effectively draft an abstract that captures the essence of their research and engages the readers.Keywords: abstract, graduation thesis, research objectives, methodology, results, conclusions。

论文写作中的英文摘要范例英文摘要(Abstract)是论文写作中必不可少的一部分，其作用是概括出论文的主要内容和结论，帮助读者迅速了解论文的核心观点。

本文将提供一篇关于论文写作中英文摘要的范例，以供参考。

AbstractWith the increasing globalization of academic research, it has become essential for scholars to effectively communicate their work to a wider audience. One crucial element in this process is the abstract, which summarizes the main points and findings of a research paper. In this article, we will provide an example of an English abstract for a research paper, demonstrating key elements and tips for writing an effective abstract.IntroductionThe abstract serves as a brief overview of a research paper, allowing readers to quickly grasp the purpose, methodology, and outcomes of the study. It should be concise yet informative, providing enough information to engage the reader while remaining within a specified word limit.Main BodyI. Purpose and BackgroundThe first element of an abstract is a clear statement of the research paper's purpose and its background. It should outline the rationale for the study, highlighting any research gaps or unanswered questions in the field. For example:This research aims to investigate the effects of climate change on coastal ecosystems, with a focus on marine biodiversity and coral reef health. Given the increasing threats to these ecosystems, understanding the potential impacts of climate change is crucial for effective conservation strategies.II. MethodologyThe abstract should briefly describe the methodology employed in the research. This can include the study design, data collection methods, and analytical approaches. However, detailed technical information should be avoided. For example:A combination of field surveys, laboratory experiments, and statistical analyses were conducted to assess the long-term effects of temperature increase and ocean acidification on coral reefs. Data on species diversity, abundance, and health were collected from various reefs in the Caribbean region.III. ResultsThe abstract should highlight the key findings of the research. It should summarize the outcomes and conclusions derived from the data analysis. However, specific data or numerical results should be avoided, focusing instead on general trends and significant discoveries. For example:Our study revealed a significant decline in coral species diversity and overall health in response to increased water temperatures and ocean acidification. Furthermore, we found a decrease in the abundance of commercially important fish species, indicating potential impacts on local communities dependent on coral reef resources.IV. Implications and ConclusionThe abstract should conclude with a discussion of the broader implications of the research and its significance. It should provide a concise statement summarizing the main contributions of the study to the field and any recommendations for future research or policy implications. For example:These findings highlight the urgent need for immediate actions to mitigate the effects of climate change on coastal ecosystems. Implementing measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and establishing marine protected areas can help safeguard marine biodiversity and protect the livelihoods of communities dependent on coral reef resources.ConclusionIn conclusion, writing an effective English abstract is crucial for communicating the key points and contributions of a research paper. By providing a clear purpose, concise methodology, major findings, and broader implications, the abstract serves as a concise summary of the research work, enticing readers to delve deeper into the full paper. By following the guidelines and structure provided in this example abstract, researchers can enhance their chances of effectively conveying their research to a global audience.。

毕业论文Abstract怎么写？毕业论文Abstract怎么写？毕业论文的Abstract简单说就是毕业论文的英文摘要，先把中文摘要写好，然后翻译成英文就可以了。

摘要也就是内容提要，是论文中不可缺少的一部分。

论文摘要是一篇具有独立性的短文，有其特别的地方。

它是建立在对论文进行总结的基础之上，用简单、明确、易懂、精辟的语言对全文内容加以概括，留主干去枝叶，提取论文的主要信息。

作者的观点、论文的主要内容、研究成果、独到的见解，这些都应该在摘要中体现出来。

好的摘要便于索引与查找，易于收录到大型资料库中并为他人提供信息。

因此摘要在资料交流方面承担着至关重要的作用。

书写摘要的基本规范和原则（1）论文摘要分为中文摘要和外文（一般为英文）摘要。

摘要在篇幅方面的限定，不同的学校和机构有不同的要求，通常中文摘要不超过300字，英文摘要不超过250个实词，中英文摘要应一致。

毕业论文摘要可适当增加篇幅。

（2）多向指导教师请教，并根据提供的意见及时修改，以期达到更高水平。

（3）摘要是完整的短文，具有独立性，可以单独使用。

即使不看论文全文的内容，仍然可以理解论文的主要内容、作者的新观点和想法、课题所要实现的目的、采取的方法、研究的结果与结论。

（4）叙述完整，突出逻辑性，短文结构要合理。

（5）要求文字简明扼要，不容赘言，提取重要内容，不含前言、背景等细节部分，去掉旧结论、原始数据，不加评论和注释。

采用直接表述的方法，删除不必要的文学修饰。

摘要中不应包括作者将来的计划以及与此课题无关的内容，做到用最少的文字提供最大的信息量。

（6）摘要中不使用特殊字符，也不使用图表和化学结构式，以及由特殊字符组成的数学表达式，不列举例证。

摘要的分类1．陈述性摘要(descriptive abstract)只说明（陈述）论文的主题，不介绍论文的具体内容Sample 1Translation is not only a linguistic transference, but also an intercultural communication. For quite a long time, translation studies have been concentrated on the prescription of translation methods, with scant attention paid to the description of macro-cultural factors involved in the translating. In this paper, the writer contends that the study of the macro-cultural factors will surely enlarge the scope and enrich the content of the translation studies. The paper is largely a rudimentary step, both in theory and in practice, to expose some of the factors influencing Mr. Fu’s translation of Gone with the Wind, with a historic and descriptive approach employed.Sample 2To the general public, China English is a relatively new and serious concept, while in the fields of linguistics and translation a group of scholars have already make a study on it. Now most scholars hold that China English, based on the standard English, is a kind of variant of English to express things and concepts with Chinese characteristic. It is the product of the English language used in English-speaking countries combined with the unique Chineseness. Then, in the nation of China with a thousand-long history and civilization, how has China English come into being, grown and developed? This paper mainly focuses on the factors involved in the emergence and development of China English and it also explores people’s attitude toward China English, and analyzes the trend and role of China English in China and the world.2．资料性/信息性摘要(informative abstract)除了说明论文的主题外，还要介绍论文的主要观点、主要内容和研究成果Sample 3This paper, based on the theories and principles of psycholinguistics and cognitive psychology, deals with definitions and functions of emotional quotient, revealing some of the learners’ emotional characteristics, which affect the outcome of language learning. The author insists that language learning is a very sophisticated psychological process, and aspects of emotional quotient influence the learner’s cognitive process in which knowledge of the target language is internalized as language competence or skills. Results of experiments prove that positive and rich emotions are the motives needed for language learning. It is vital for language teachers to motivate their students to acquire the target language by developing their emotions and helping them internalize what they are learning. The author also mentions that language teachers should recognize the potential for creating a warm and friendly environment for language learning so that language teaching and learning process will be more effective in improving the learner’s IQ, EQ, and language creative ability.Sample 4In order to help students with their translation and assist teachers to find students’main problems with translation, this paper studies an English to Chinesetranslation exercise of the second year English majors in a university. The author studies in by collecting and sorting out the typical errors made by students and analyzing the causes of the errors guided by error analysis theory. The research adopts the basic translation criteria of TEM-8 in sorting out student s’translation errors. According to the research, students’errors fall into these categories: confusion in denotative and connotative meaning of a word, unnatural Chinese expressions, problems in dealing with proper nouns, misinterpretation of sentence structures of the source text, etc. Then the thesis analyzes the underlying causes: students’ lack of both translation theories and practice, and poor Chinese competence. It is hoped that more of this kind of research in both Chinese and English translation be done to guide translation teaching and practice.Sample 5As a limitation of cultural transmission, culture absence prevents Chinese readers from fully appreciating the original text. This thesis takes the translating of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter as an example, aiming at discussing the culture translation approach in the practice of translation. As one of Hawthorne’s best-known novel, The Scarlet Letter has its distinctive culture feature and the problem of culture absence commonly exists in translating it into Chinese. This thesis compares three different Chinese translation versions of the novel based on the analysis of its culture connotation, and discusses the culture absence of historical background, religious belief, mythological elements, metaphorical expressions, color images, etc. In the thesis, examples are given to illustrate how culture absence presents in its Chinese translations. Also, different compensative means for the culture absence are compared in the thesis, such as transliteration and semantic translation, literal translation and free translation, domestication and foreignization; the proper translation strategy should depend on different situations from the perspective of culture preservation.英文摘要常用的句型表达主要有：This paper argues (demonstrates) …This paper explores (probes into) …This paper elaborates on (expounds) …This paper includes (covers, touches on) …This paper aims to (aims at) …This paper focuses on …This paper makes a comparison of …This paper makes an attempt to touch on …This paper offers a discussion of (an overview of, an analysis of ) …This paper develops the theory of …This paper is a criticism of the theory of …This paper, on the basis of …, reveals (illustrates) …Based on …, this paper first categorizes … and then tentatively sets out …The purpose (objective) of this paper is to review …The author (writer) of this paper holds (considers, deems, contends) …The author tries to give an account of …In this paper, the author proposes …It is pointed out …In light of … theory, discussion is made about … in this paper.This thesis aims at a better understanding of English to Chinese (E to C) translation of adverbial clauses in business contracts. The author first describes the general theories and criteria for translation, and those specifics for the translation of international business contracts, which are theoretical guidelines for the whole thesis. Then the writer discusses and analyzes the four categories of adverbial clauses in international business contracts in translation. Finally, the author explores the major problems involved in translating adverbial clauses in business contracts from English to Chinese and proposes compensative strategies.。

4个步骤教你如何写好abstract部分A b s t r a c t，就是对英文论文的一个简短总结，目的是为了告诉读者论文研究的是什么课题，以此来吸引读者。

一个好的a b s t r a c t，对英文论文的作用是非常大的，是论文的核心部分，所以一定得写好。

下面就给大家讲解一下如何写好a b s t r a c t部分。

1.无论任何学科，a b s t rac t需要包括以下几个重要组成部分和重要元素1)动机或问题的陈述：为什么我们对这个研究问题这么关心?你的研究针对的是实践性的，科学性的，理论性的还是艺术性的?有些a b s t r a c t 写作的时候，在写作动机之前要简要介绍相关的背景信息。

2)措施/流程/解决方法以及调查范围：为了得到相关的结果，你做了什么?3)结果/发现/产品：在上述的调查研究完成后，你学会了什么?发现了什么?创造了什么?4)结论/影响：你得出的哪些结论会产生更大的影响?然而，需要注意的是，根据不同的学科，要注意相关的可变性因素。

2.a b s t rac t中的语法特点和要求1)注意到细微的变化在陈述主要目标和调查范围的时候，多采用陈述性语言。

2)采用合适的方法描述方法的时候多使用过去时态。

要注意时态的一致性。

如果有必要，要按照时间的顺序进行排列。

3)注意结果的呈现方式只需要呈现结果即可。

以过去时态呈现出来。

4)注意结论的可靠性陈述个人观点。

在陈述主要结论的时候要使用现在时。

不要表现出试探性的倾向。

3.a b s t rac t s的类型a b s t r a c t s分为两种类型，i n f o r m a t i o n a l a b s t r a c t s和d e s c r i p t i v ea b s t r a c t s。

I n f o r m a t i o n a l A b s t r a c t s--针对r e p o r t s的相关内容进行沟通。

英语摘要如何写范文英文回答：An abstract is a concise summary of a research paper, thesis, or other academic work. It provides a brief overview of the work's purpose, methods, results, and conclusions. The abstract is typically the first part of a research paper, and it is often used by readers to decide whether or not to read the full paper.There are many different styles of abstracts, but they all typically include the following information:Purpose: The purpose of the research paper is stated in the abstract. For example, the purpose of the study might be to investigate the effects of a new drug or to test a new theory.Methods: The methods used in the research paper are described in the abstract. For example, the methods mightinclude a survey, an experiment, or a literature review.Results: The results of the research paper are presented in the abstract. For example, the results might show that a new drug is effective or that a new theory is supported.Conclusions: The conclusions of the research paper are stated in the abstract. For example, the conclusion might be that a new drug should be approved for use or that a new theory should be accepted.The abstract is a very important part of a research paper, and it should be written carefully. The abstract should be clear, concise, and informative. It should also be accurate and objective.中文回答：摘要是研究论文、论文或其他学术作品的简短总结。

How to write an abstract如何写摘要Hey guys, welcome! In this article we are going to know how to write an abstract and complete a written text perfectly. Stay connected if you want to write the best abstract.If you need to know how to write an abstract for an academic or scientific paper, don’t panic! Your abstract is simply a short, stand-alone summary of the work or paper that others can use as an overview. You can get the ideas and gather information by experts to make it concise yet effective through assignment help. As far asthe other specifics are concerned, we will discuss them here.Before moving further let’s have an overview of this article to see what you are going to know:-What is an abstract?-How to write an abstract?-Why is it important to write an abstract?-How to write an abstract quickly?-The way to write an abstract for science?What is an abstract?Before moving to how to write an abstract, you should know the abstract meaning. An abstract describes what you do in your essay, whether it’s a scientific experiment or a literary analysis paper. It should help your reader understand the paper and help people searching for this paper decide whether it suits their purposes prior to reading.To write an abstract, finish your paper first, then type a summary that identifies the purpose, problem, methods, results, and conclusion of your work. After you get the details down, all that’s left is to format it correctly. Since an abstract is only a summary of the work you’ve already done, it’s e asy to accomplish!Majorly, there are three types of abstract:-Informative-Descriptive-CriticalHow to write an abstract?1. Write down the paper firstlyThe first thing to know how to write an abstract is : Even though an abstract goes at the beginning of the work, it acts as a summary of your entire paper. Rather than introducing your topic, it will be an overview of everything youwrite about in your paper. Save writing your abstract for last, after you have already finished your paper.-A thesis and an abstract are entirely different things. The thesis of a paper introduces the main idea or question, while the abstract works to review the entirety of the paper, including the methods and results.-Even if you think that you know what your paper is going to be about, always save the abstract for last. You will be able to give a much more accurate summary if you do just that –summarise what you’ve already written. Let’s move to the next step to know how to write an abstract.2. Review and understand any requirements for writing your abstractThe paper you’re writing probably has specific guidelines and requirements, whether it’s for publication in a journal, submission in a class, or part of a work project. Before you start writing, refer to the rubric or guidelines you were presented with to identify important issues to keep in mind. Answer the following questions before knowing how to write an abstract.-Is there a maximum or minimum length?-Are there style requirements?-re you writing for an instructor or a publication?3. Consider your targeted audienceAbstracts are written to help readers find your work. For example, in scientific journals, abstracts allow readers to quickly decide whether the research discussed is relevant to their own interests. Abstracts also help your readers get at your main argument quickly. Keep the needs of your readers in mind this is the best thing to know for how to write an abstract.-Will other academics in your field read this abstract?-Should it be accessible to a lay reader or somebody from another field?4. Determine the type of abstractBefore moving to the question how to write an abstract, focus on which type of abstract do you want to write. Although all abstracts accomplish essentially the same goal, there are two primary styles of abstract: descriptive and informative. You may have been assigned a specific style, but if you weren’t, you will have to determine which is right for you. Typically, informative abstracts are used for much longer and technical research while descriptive abstracts are best for shorter papers.Have a look at the types of abstracts againDescriptive abstracts explain the purpose, goal, and methods of your research but leave out theresults section. These are typically only 100-200 words.Informative abstracts are like a condensed version of your paper, giving an overview of everything in your research including the results. These are much longer than descriptive abstracts, and can be anywhere from a single paragraph to a whole page long.The basic information included in both styles of abstract is the same, with the main difference being that the results are only included in an informative abstract, and an informative abstract is much longer than a descriptive one.A critical abstract is not often used, but it may be required in some courses. A critical abstract accomplishes the same goals as the other typesof abstract, but will also relate the study or work being discussed to the writer’s own research. It may critique the research design or methods.5. Identify your motive of writing an abstractYou’re writing about a correlation between lack of lunches in schools and poor grades. So what? Why does this matter? The reader wants to know why your research is important, and what the purpose of it is. Start off your descriptive abstract by considering the following questions:How did you conduct your research?What did you find?Why is this research and your findings important?Why should someone read your entire essay? How to write an abstract6. Describe the problemAbstracts is something that expresses the “problem” behind your work. Think of this as the particular issue that your project addresses. You can sometimes combine the problem with your motivation, but it is best to be clear and separate the two.7. Describe your methodsMotivation – check. Problem – check. Methods? Now is the part where you give an overview of how you accomplished your study. If you didyour own work, include a description of it here. If you reviewed the work of others, it can be briefly explained.-Discuss your own research including the variables and your approach-Describe the evidence you have to support your claim-Give an overview of your most important sources.8. Describe your resultsThis is where you begin to make difference between your abstract between a descriptive and an informative abstract. You want to know how to write an abstract and this is somethingwhich should be in your priority list. In an informative abstract, you will be asked to provide the results of your study. What is it that you found?-What answer did you reach from your research or study?-Was your hypothesis or argument supported?-What are the general findings?9. Give the conclusion of abstractYou must finish up your summary and provide a closure to your abstract. In it, address the meaning of your findings as well as the importance of your overall paper. This format of having a conclusion can be used in bothdescriptive and informative abstracts, but you will only address some questions in an informative abstract.10. Keep the format rightIn the run to know how to write an abstract, format is a vital factor to consider. There are specific questions your abstract must provide answers for, but the answers must be kept in order as well. Ideally, it should be according to the overall format of your essay, with a general ‘introduction, ‘body,’ and ‘conclusion.’ Many journals have specific style guides for abstracts. If you’ve been given a set of rules or guidelines, follow them to the letter11. Provide helpful informationUnlike a topic paragraph, which may be intentionally vague, an abstract should provide a helpful explanation of your paper and your research. Word your abstract so that the reader knows exactly what you’re t alking about, and isn’t left hanging with ambiguous references or phrases.-Avoid using direct acronyms or abbreviations in the abstract, as these will need to be explained in order to make sense to the reader. That uses up precious writing room, and should generally be avoided.-If your topic is about something well-known enough, you can reference the names of people or places that your paper focuses on.-Don’t include tables, figures, sources, or long quotations in your abstract. These take up too much ro om and usually aren’t what your readers want from an abstract anyway. For making your abstract even better you gather relevant ideas, for doing so you can go to the expert writes through assignment help online12. Write it down from scratchA abstract is a summary of the main paper, yes, but it should be written completely separate from your paper. Don’t copy and paste direct quotes from yourself, and avoid simply paraphrasing your own sentences from elsewhere in your writing. Write your abstract using completely new vocabulary and phrases to keep itinteresting and redundancy-free. So, far we have gone through detailed information and steps to know how to write an abstract. But, what if someone is in a hurry and yet has to come up with a perfect abstract? Well, I have tips such people as well, continue to read and know how to write an abstract in lesser time.How to write an abstract quickly?Simply ace your abstract.An abstract is like a movie trailer. It offers a preview, highlights key points, and helps the audience decide whether to view the entire work. Abstracts are the pivot of a research paperbecause many journal editorial boards screen manuscripts only on the basis of the abstract.If your abstract doesn’t grab their attention and make a good fi rst impression, there’s a good chance your research paper will be rejected at the outset. Moreover, even after your research paper is published, your abstract will be the first, and possibly only, thing readers will access through electronic searches. They will only consider reading the rest of the manuscript if they find your abstract interesting.For studies in the humanities and social sciences, the abstract is typically descriptive. That is, it describes the topic of research and its findings but usuall y doesn’t give specific information about methods and results. These abstracts may also be seen in review articles orconference proceedings. In scientific writing, on the other hand, abstracts are usually structured to describe the background, methods, results, and conclusions, with or without subheadings.Make sure that your abstract does not constitutes the following-New information that is not present in the paper -Undefined abbreviations or group names-A discussion of previous literature or reference citations-Unnecessary details about the methods usedFollow these 10 steps to know how to write an abstract quicklyNow how do you go about fitting the essential points from your entire paper—why the research was conducted, what the aims were, how these were met, and what the main findings were—into a paragraph of just 200-300 words? It’s not an easy task, but here’s a 10-step guide that should make it easier:1. Begin writing the abstract after you have finished writing your paper.2. Pick out the major objectives/hypotheses and conclusions from your Introduction and Conclusion sections3. Select key sentences and phrases from your Methods section.4. Identify the major results from yourResults section.5. Now, arrange the sentences and phrases selected in all steps into a single paragraph in the following sequence: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Conclusions.6. Confirm that there is consistency between the information presented in the abstract and in the paper.7. Ask a colleague to review your abstract and check if the purpose, aim, methods, and conclusions of the study are clearly stated.8. Check to see if the final abstract meets the guidelines of the target journal (word limit, type of abstract, recommended subheadings, etc.9. Remove all extra information and then link your sentences to ensure that the information flows well, preferably in the following order: purpose; basic study design, methodology and techniques used; major findings; summary of your interpretations, conclusions, and implications.10. Now revisit your abstract with these steps in mind, and I’m sure you’ll be able to revise it and make it more attractive.How to write an abstract for science?So, here is something for science buffs. We know that science students are less into writing and formatting. But, they are one of the students who are indulged in research papers to the most. So, here is a collection of vital information for all the students who are going to write down a scientific research paper. Want to know how to write an abstract for science? Continue to read..An abstract should be the shortest part of the abstract and should very briefly outline the following information:What is already known about the subject, related to the paper in questionWhat is not known about the subject and hence what the study intended to examine (or what the paper seeks to present)Things you should rememberIn most cases, the background can be framed in just 2–3 sentences, with each sentence describing a different aspect of the information referred to above; sometimes, even a single sentence may suffice. The purpose of the background, as the word itself indicates, is to provide the reader with a background to the study, and hence to smoothly lead into a description of the methods employed in the investigation.Usually authors publish papers the abstracts of which contain a lengthy background section.There are some situations, perhaps, where this may be justified. In most cases, however, a longer background section means that less space remains for the presentation of the results. This is unfortunate because the reader is interested in the paper because of its findings, and not because of its background.Why an abstract is needed?Most journals require authors to submit abstracts along with their articles, This requirement has two main needs-An abstract offers readers a helpful, succinct summary of the longer argument developed in the essay.-It identifies keywords that will make it easier for search engines to find the essay.Apart from these two main reasons it serves two other needs as well. They are:Showcases the perspectiveNotice that these rationales presuppose the publication of both abstract and essay and, in so doing, assume that the main audience for the abstract is prospective readers of the publishedessay. However, from the perspective of an author submitting work to a journal, there is another important audience to consider: the journal editor and the external reviewers to whom the editor send it.Keep the audience connectedThis audience looks at your abstract with their most pressing question in mind: is this article publishable in this journal? A good abstract tilts them toward an affirmative answer by leaving them well-disposed toward the longer argument in th e article. A bad abstract won’t by itself cause this audience to reject an article, but it does incline the audience toward an initial negative answer. In that way, an ineffectiveabstract becomes an obstacle that your article needs to overcome.ConclusionHope, you guys have understood each and every aspect of writing an abstract. In this article, we went into the detailed discussion to know how to write an abstract. We started with abstract meaning and then moved to the steps which essayed the right way to write down one. Next, we studied points on how to write an abstract quickly. So, that those who are in a hurry to prepare a written text can write aptly. Thereafter, we went to know how to write an abstract for science and ended up in knowing why an abstract is vital.。

英语学术论文中Abstract写作总结！作者简介：晨星，男，湖北武汉人，副高职称，博士，高级程序员，IAMG（国际数学地质协会）会员。

目前研究方向为地理信息数据挖掘与知识发现、地学信息三维可视化。

当年我在攒第一篇 SCI 论文的时候，是先写的 Abstract，然后再写的正文。

在我将自以为很用心撰写的论文交给副导师审阅后，就被他立即请到办公室去畅谈了一番心声：「不是 Abstract 的位置放在正文前面，就将Abstract 放在论文前面写的！你没看到你的Abstract 有问题吗？和全文对得起来吗？」那么，好的 Abstract 应该是怎么样呢？在 SCI 论文写作中，Abstract 是很重要的一部分。

所谓 Abstract，就是对所写论文主要内容的精炼概括。

Abstract 是美国人的说法，英国的科技期刊喜欢称之为Summary。

在英文中，有资料是这么对其定义的：Abstract is a sketchy summary of the main points of an argument or theory in a paper.一篇英文科技论文特别是SCI 论文，是否能被编辑发出审稿乃至最后被录用，在很大程度上取决于论文的 Abstract 质量。

事实上，摘要由于其独特的功能，通常被认为是科技论文最重要的组成部分之一（有的文献认为是最重要的，没有之一）。

据我了解，英文科技论文的 Abstract 主要功能有以下三点：1. 提纲携领，方便检索Abstract 作为对英文科技论文的最主要内容进行不加注释和评论的简短陈述那一部分。

与整篇论文的其他部分相比，它起着至关重要的概括要点的作用。

从本质上讲，Abstract 是把论文的内容浓缩成一篇简短、简洁、概括性强的一个段落的文本。

Abstract 被看成是论文的缩略版或缩写，概括了主体的内容，例如背景、主题/问题、方法、结论和意义。

精心撰写的Abstract是检索科技文献的有用工具（反之，如果 Abstract 写得不佳，对检索该篇论文是个误导），它能使读者能够更快、更方便地识别论文的基本内容，确定论文与其个人兴趣相关性，并最终决定是否需要继续阅读整篇论文。

学术论文英文摘要如何撰写Writing an Academic Paper AbstractWriting an abstract for an academic paper is an essential task that helps summarize the content of the paper in a succinct and informative way. An abstract is typically written in English and is asked for by many journals, conferences, and academic institutions. It is usually limited to a specific word count, often around 1200 words or less. Here, we will explore the key elements and tips for writing an effective abstract.1. Background and Purpose: Begin the abstract by providing a brief introduction to the topic, explaining its significance, and stating the purpose or objective of the study. This background information should give readers an understanding of the context of the research.2. Methods: Describe the methods or approach used to conduct the study. This section should include relevant details such as the research design, participants or sample size, datacollection methods, and any statistical analyses used. Provide enough information for readers to understand how the study was conducted.4. Conclusion: Present a concise summary of the major conclusions drawn from the study. Explain how the findings contribute to or impact the existing knowledge within the field.Highlight the significance of the study and its implications for future research or practical applications.5. Keywords: Include a list of relevant keywords at the end of the abstract. Keywords provide a way for readers to easily find your paper when searching for related topics or content. Choose keywords that accurately reflect the focus and subject matter of the study.Tips for Writing an Effective Abstract:1. Be concise: Use clear and concise language to convey the purpose, methodology, results, and conclusions of the study. Avoid unnecessary details or jargon that may confuse readers.2. Use active voice: Write in an active voice to make the abstract engaging and direct. This helps in clearly stating the main findings and conclusions.4. Follow the guidelines: Make sure to adhere to thespecific guidelines provided by the journal or conference for abstract length, formatting, and structure. Failure to follow these guidelines may result in an abstract being rejected.6. Seek feedback: Have someone familiar with the topic or the field review and provide feedback on the abstract. They can help ensure that the abstract is accessible and understandable to a broader audience.。

论文写作中的英文摘要范例AbstractThe abstract is a crucial component of academic writing, providing readers with a concise summary of the research paper. This article aims to demonstrate a sample format for writing an English abstract in academic papers.1. IntroductionIn academic writing, the abstract serves as a brief overview of the research topic, the methodology used, the main findings, and the overall conclusion. It is typically placed at the beginning of the paper, after the title and author information.2. Length and StructureThe length of an abstract can vary depending on the specific guidelines provided by the journal or conference. However, it is generally recommended to keep the abstract within 150 to 300 words. This ensures that the abstract remains concise and informative.3. ContentThe abstract should contain the following elements:- Research Problem: Clearly state the research problem or objective.- Approach/Methodology: Describe the methodology or approach used in the study.- Results: Summarize the main findings and outcomes of the research.- Conclusion: Present the key conclusions or implications of the study.4. Language and Style- Clear and Concise: Use clear and concise language to convey the main points of the research.- Avoid Abbreviations and Jargon: Use full terms instead of abbreviations, unless they are widely recognized.- Past Tense: Write the abstract in the past tense since the research has already been conducted.- Third Person: Write the abstract in the third person, using objective language.5. Example[The following is a fictional example of an abstract for a research paper on climate change.]Title: The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity in Tropical RainforestsAbstract:This research aims to investigate the impact of climate change on the biodiversity of tropical rainforests. The study utilized a combination of field surveys, satellite imagery analysis, and statistical modeling to assess changes in species diversity, habitat loss, and ecosystem stability. The results indicated a significant decline in species richness, increased habitat fragmentation, and heightened vulnerability of endemic species to climate-related events. These findings have important implications for conservationstrategies and the management of biodiversity hotspots in the face of climate change. By understanding the effects of climate change on tropical rainforests, policymakers can develop more targeted approaches to mitigate its impact and ensure the long-term survival of these vital ecosystems.6. ConclusionIn conclusion, writing an effective English abstract is crucial for an academic paper as it provides readers with a concise overview of the research. Following the recommended format and guidelines can help researchers communicate their findings accurately and succinctly. By adhering to the suggested structure and style, authors can ensure their abstracts are informative and engaging for readers.。

How to Write an Abstract一、什么是摘要Abstract?an abstract comprises one paragraph which describes the main content of a paper and appears at the very beginning of the paper.摘要是叙述文章主要内容的一个段落，并且位于文章的开头部分.摘要是以梗概形式呈现的一篇文章要点的总结,它强调了一篇文章所包含的重要的信息.它也可以帮助读者快速的了解到是否这篇文章是他们感兴趣的，是否他们需要来阅读整篇文章。

而且，国家或国际出版社的编辑通常通过浏览投稿文章的摘要来决定是否投稿人的文章是可以被录用的。

因此，对于学者和研究人员来说，写一份好的摘要至关重要。

二、写作Abstract的目的对于科技论文的摘要，Abstract的目的有以下几点：1.Introduce journal articles.rm readers about article`s content.3.Help readers decide whether or not to read article.4.Overview conference programs,abstract collections，and book chapters.三、学习写作Abstract的必要性1。

Helps you present complex information in a clear,concise manner。

2.Helps you read abstracts more effectively.3。

Helps you conduct research.4.Helps you write abstracts for future publications。

5.Helps you condense report information into a short format for database searches。

英文abstract范文In the realm of academic writing, an abstract is a concise summary of a research paper or study, presenting the key points and findings without delving into the details. It serves as a window into the content, enticing readers to explore further.The abstract should begin with a brief introduction of the research topic, highlighting its significance and relevance in the field. It is crucial to establish the context and purpose of the study to pique the interest of the reader.Next, the methodology section of the abstract should succinctly describe the approach taken in the research. Whether it's a qualitative study, quantitative analysis, or a mix of both, the abstract should outline the techniques used to gather and analyze data.Following the methodology, the abstract must present the main findings of the research. These should be presented in a clear and concise manner, avoiding any jargon that could confuse the reader. The goal is to convey the essence of the results without overwhelming the reader with data.The conclusion of the abstract should succinctly summarize the implications of the findings. It should highlight how the research contributes to the existing bodyof knowledge and what the potential impact might be on the field.Lastly, the abstract may include a few keywords that encapsulate the core themes of the research. These keywords help in the indexing of the paper and facilitate easy retrieval by interested readers.Remember, the abstract is often the first and sometimes the only part of a paper that readers will see. It is, therefore, the key to capturing their attention and convincing them of the value of your research.。

英文文章摘要范文An abstract is a concise summary of a research paper, thesis, review, conference proceeding, or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. Abstracts highlight the main ideas and core information outlined in a longer piece of writing. They allow readers to survey the contents of a paper and decide whether it is relevant to their own research or interests. A well-crafted abstract can determine whether an audience will want to read the entire work.When writing an abstract, it is important to include the essential elements that will provide the reader with a clear, concise understanding of the paper's content. These key components typically include the paper's purpose, methods, results, and conclusions. The abstract should accurately represent what is discussed in the greater body of the work without including too much extraneous information.The first sentence of an abstract should clearly introduce the topic of the paper and provide some background information. This openingstatement should concisely explain the significance or importance of the research. For example, an abstract for a paper on a new treatment for cancer might begin by stating, "This study examines the efficacy of a newly developed chemotherapy drug in treating late-stage lung cancer."Following the introductory sentence, the abstract should describe the methods or methodology used in the research. This section might cover the types of data collected, the research participants, the procedures followed, and the analytical techniques employed. Using the previous example, the methods section of the abstract could read, "A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted with 500 participants diagnosed with stage 4 non-small cell lung cancer. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either the new chemotherapy drug or a placebo. Tumor size and progression were measured at regular intervals over the course of a 6-month treatment period."The results section of an abstract is critical, as it informs the reader of the key findings of the research. This part of the abstract should summarize the most important outcomes, trends, and conclusions supported by the data. In the lung cancer study example, the results might be stated as, "The results of the study showed that patients receiving the new chemotherapy drug experienced a 35% reduction in tumor size on average, compared to a 5% reduction in the placebogroup. Progression-free survival was also significantly higher in the treatment group."Finally, the abstract should conclude with a statement about the significance or implications of the research. This closing sentence or two should explain why the findings are important and what they contribute to the existing knowledge on the topic. Using the sample topic again, the concluding sentence of the abstract could read, "These findings suggest that this new chemotherapy drug could be an effective treatment option for patients with late-stage lung cancer who have exhausted other therapeutic avenues."When writing an abstract, it is essential to be as clear and concise as possible. Avoid jargon and overly technical language that may confuse or alienate the reader. The abstract should be self-contained, meaning it can be understood independently without the reader having to refer to the full paper. It is also important to accurately reflect the content and conclusions of the entire work - the abstract should not exaggerate or misrepresent the research.The length of an abstract can vary depending on the publication or assignment guidelines, but they are typically between 150 and 300 words. Some abstracts may be even shorter, ranging from a single paragraph to a maximum of 500 words. Regardless of the specific word count, the abstract should be tightly focused and provide acomprehensive overview of the key elements of the paper.In addition to succinctly summarizing the research, a well-written abstract can also serve other important functions. It allows researchers to quickly determine the relevance of a paper to their own work and decide whether they want to read the full text. Abstracts are also important for indexing and cataloging research, as they help make papers searchable and discoverable in databases and online repositories.Overall, the abstract is a critical component of a research paper or other academic work. It gives readers an at-a-glance understanding of the study's purpose, methods, findings, and significance. By following best practices for abstract writing, authors can ensure that their work is accessible, informative, and appealing to a wide audience of scholars and researchers.。