美国化学文摘
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第一节《化学文摘》简介美国《化学文摘》,Chemical Abstracts,简称CA,是世界上著名的检索刊物之一①创刊于1907年,由美国化学协会化学文摘社(CAS of ACS,Chemical Abstracts Service of American Chemical Society)编辑出版, CA自称是“打开世界化学化工文献的钥匙”,在每一期CA的封面上都印有“KEY TO THE WORLD'S CHEMICAL LITERATURE”。
②CA报道的内容几乎涉及了化学家感兴趣的所有领域,其中除包括无机化学、有机化学、分析化学、物理化学、高分子化学外,还包括冶金学、地球化学、药物学、毒物学、环境化学、生物学以及物理学等很多学科领域。
到现在所收录文献类型:期刊不少于2万种,包括27个国家和两个国际性专利组织(欧洲专利组织、世界知识产权组织)的专利说明书,评论,技术报告,专题论文,会议录,讨论会文集等,涉及世界150多个国家和地区60多种文字的文献,今年来每年收集的文摘约50万条左右。
一、CA特点:1. 创刊早、历史悠久:1907年创刊(半月刊),一年一卷;1961年改为双周刊,一年一卷,每卷26期;1962年(双周刊),改为一年两卷,每卷13期;1967年改为周刊(66卷),一年两卷。
3.报道迅速:从60年代起,CA的编辑工作就开始从传统方法逐步向自动化过渡,1975年83卷起,CA的全部文摘和索引采用计算机编排,报道时差从11个月缩短到3个月,美国国内的期刊及多数英文书刊在CA中当月就能报道。
4.索引完备、检索途径多:索引是文摘刊物质量的标志,CA有期索引(Keyword Index、Author Index、Patent Index)、卷索引、累积索引(同卷索引)。
二、CA出版物:1文摘本①文摘部分②Keyword Index ③Author Index ④Patent Index2卷索引General Subject Index(普通主题)Chemical Substance Index(化学物质)Author Index(作者)Patent Index(专利)Formula Index(分子式)Index of Ring System(环系)3累积索引1907-1956每10年出一次,1957- 每5年出一次,目前出到第13次。
美国《化学文摘》中常用词缩写A ampere安(培)Angstrom unit(s)埃(长度单位,10-10米)abs.absolute绝对的abs.EtOH absolute alcohol无水乙醇abstr.abstract文摘Ac acetyl(CH3CO,not CH3COO)乙酰基a c alternating current交流电(流)Ac.H.acetaldehyde 乙醛AcOH acetic acid乙酸Ac2O acetic anhydride乙酸酐AcOEt ethyl acetate乙酸乙酯AcONa乙酸钠add additive 附加物addn addition加成,添加addnl additional添加的alc.alcohol,alcoholic醇aliph.aliphatic 脂族的Al.Hg.Aluminum amalgam铝汞齐alk.alkaline(not alkali)碱性的alky alkalinity(alhys.for alkalinities is not approved)碱度,碱性am amyl(not ammonium)戊基amorph amorphous无定形的amp ampere(s)安(培)amt.amount(as a noun)数量anal.analysis分析anhyd.anhydrous无水的AO atomic orbital原子轨(道)函数app.apparatus仪器,装置approx approximate(as an adjective),approximately近似的,大概的approxn approximation近似法,概算aq.aqueous水的,含水的arom.aromatic芳族的as.asymmetric不对称的assoc.associate(s)缔合assocd associated缔合的assocn association缔合at.atomic(not atom)原子的atm atmosphere(s),atmospheric大气压=1.01325×105帕ATP adenosine triphosphatae三磷酸腺苷酶at.wt.atomic weight原子量av.average(except as a verb)平均b.(followed by a figure denoting temperature)boils at,boiling at(similarlyb13,at1.3mm,pressure)沸腾(后面的数字表示温度,同样b13表示在13毫米压力下沸腾)bbl barrel桶[液体量度单位=163.5升(英国),=119升(美国)] BCC.body-centred cubic立方体心BeV or GeV billion electronvolts10亿电子伏,吉电子伏,109电子伏BOD biochemical oxygen demand生化需氧量μB Bohr magneton玻尔磁子[物]b.p.boiling point沸点Btu British thermal unit(s)英热单位=1055.06焦Bu butyl(normal)丁基bu.bushel蒲式耳=36.368升(英)=35.238升(美)Bz benzoyl(not benzyl)苯甲酰BzH benzaldehyde苯(甲)醛BzOH benzoic acid苯甲酸C concentration浓度Cal.calorie(s)千卡,大卡=4186.8焦cal.卡=4.1868焦calc.calculate计算calcd calculated计算的calcg calculating计算calcn calculation计算CC cubic centimeter(s)立方厘米CD circurlar dichroism圆二色性(物)c.d.current density电流密度cf.参见compare比较cubic feet per minute立方英尺/分钟(1立方英尺=2.831685×10-2米3) chem.chemical(as an adjective)(not chemistry nor chemically)化学的Ci curie居里(放射单位)=3.7×1010贝可clin.clinical(ly)临床的cm centimeter(s)厘米CoA coenzyme A辅酶AC.O.D.chemical oxygen demand化学需氧量coeff.coefficient系数col.colour,coloration颜色com.commercial工业的,商业的,商品的comb.combustion燃烧compb.compound化合物,复合物compn.composition组成,成分conc.concentrate(as a verb)提浓,浓缩concd.concentrated浓的concg.concentrating浓缩(的)concn.concentration浓度cond conductivity导电率,传导性const.constant常数,常量contg containing包含,含有cor corrected校正的,改正的,正确的cp.constant pressure恒压C.P.Chemically pure化学纯的crit.critical临界的cryst.crystalline(not crystallize)结晶crystd crystallized使结晶crystg crystallizing结晶crystn crystallization结晶,结晶化cu.m.cubic meter(s)立方米Cv constant volume恒容d density密度(d13 相对于水在4℃时的比重;d2020相对于水在20℃时的比重) D Debye unit德拜单位,电偶极矩单位d.dextrorotatory右旋(不译)dl-外消旋(不译)d.c.direct current直流电decomp.decompose(s)分解decompd decomposed分解的decompg decomposing分解decompn decomposition分解degrdn degradation降解deriv.derivative衍生物,导数(数)det.determine 测定detd determined 测定的detg determining测定detn determination 测定diam.diameter直径dil.dilute稀释,冲淡dild diluted稀释的diltg diluting稀释diln dilution稀释diss.dissolves,dissolved溶解dissoc dissociate(s)离解dissocd.dissociated 离解的dissocn dissociation 离解dist.distil.distillation 蒸馏distd distilled蒸馏的distg distilling 蒸馏distn distillation蒸馏dl分升dm.decimeter(s)分米DMF dimetbylformamide二甲基甲酰胺DNase deoxyribonuclease脱氧核糖核酸酶d.p.degree of polymerization聚合度dpm disintegrations per minute分解量/分钟DTA differential thermal analysis 差热分析E.D.effective dose有效剂量EEG electroencephalogram脑电流描记术e.g.for example例如elec electric,electrical(not electrically)电的e.m.f.electromoctive force电动势e.m.u.electromagnetic unit电磁单位en.ethylenediamine(used in formulas only)乙二胺equil equilibrium(s)平衡equiv.equivalent当量,克当量esp.especially 特别,格外est.estimate(as a verb)估计estd estimated估计的estg estimating估计estn estimation估计Et ethyl乙基Et2O ethyl ether乙醚ηviscosity粘度eV electron volt(s)电子伏[特]evac.evacuated抽空的evap.evaporate蒸发evapd evaporated 蒸发的evapg evaporating蒸发evapn evaporation蒸发examd examined检验过的,试验过的examg examining检验,试验examn examination检验,试验expt.experiment(as a noun)实验exptl experimental实验的ext.extract提取物,萃,提取extd extracted提取的extg extracting提取extn extraction 提取F farad法[拉](电容)fcc face centered cubic面心立方体fermn fermentation发酵f.p.freezing point冰点,凝固点FSH follicle-stimulating hormone促卵泡激素ft.foot,feet 英尺=0.3048米ft-lb foot-pound 英尺磅=0.3048米×0.453592千克g.gram(s)克gal gallon加仑=4.546092升(英)=3.78543升(美) geol.geological地质的gr.grain(weight unit)谷(1谷=1/7000磅=0.64799克)h hour小时H henry亨[利]ha.hectare(s)公顷=6.451600×10-4米2homo-均匀-,单相h hour小时hyd.hydrolysis,hydrolysed水解Hz hertz(cycles/sec)赫[兹],周/秒ID infective dose无效剂量in.inch(es)英寸=0.0254米inorg.incrganic无机的insol.insoluble不溶的IR infrared红外线irradn irradiation照射iso-Bu,isobutyl异丁基iso-Pr,isopropyl异丙基IU国际单位J joule焦[耳](能量单位)K kelvin开[尔文],绝对温度Kcal.kilocalorie(s)千卡=418.6焦kg kilogram(s)千克kV kilovolt(s)千伏kV-amp.kilovolt-ampere(s)千伏安kW.kilowatt(s)千瓦kWh kilowatthour 千瓦小时=3.6×106焦l.liter(s)升boratory实验室lb pound(s)磅=0.453592千克LCAO linear combination of atomic orbitals原子轨道的线性组合LD Lethal dose致死剂量LH Luteinizing hormone促黄体发生激素liq.liquid液体,液态Lm lumen流明(光通量单位)LX lux勒[克斯](照度单位)m.meter(s);also(followed by a figure denoting temperature)米,熔融(注明温度时) M.mega-(106)兆M molar(as applied to concn.)摩尔m.melts at,melting at熔融m molal摩尔的ma milliampere(s)毫安manuf.manufacture制造manufd manufactured制造的manufg.manufacturing制造math.mathematical数学的max maximum(s)最大值,最大的Me methyl(MeOH,methanol)甲基mech.mechanical机械的metab.metabolism新陈代谢m.e.v million electron volts兆电子伏mg milligram(s)毫克mi mile英里=1609.344米min minimun[also minute(s)]最小值,最小的min minute分钟misc miscellaneous其它mixt.mixture混合物ml milliliter(s)毫升mm millimeter(s)毫米nm millimicron(s)纳米MO molecular orbital分子轨道函数mol molecule,molecular分子,分子的mol.wt.molecular weight分子量m.p.melting point熔点mph miles per hour英里(=1609.344米)/小时μmicron(s)微米mV millivolt(s)毫伏N newton牛[顿](力的单位)N normal(as applied to concn.)当量(浓度) neg.negative(as an adjective)阴性的,负的no number号,数obsd observed观察,观测anic有机的oxidn oxidation氧化oz.ounce盎司(常衡=28.349523克) P.d.potential difference势差,电位差Pet.Et.petroleum ether石油醚Ph.phenyl苯基phys.physical物理的physiol.physiological生理学的p.m.post meridiem午后polymd polymerized聚合polymg polymerizing聚合ploymn polymerization聚合pos.positive(as an adjective)阳性的,正的powd.powdered粉末的,粉状的p.p.b.(ppb)parts per billion亿万分之(几) p.p.m.(ppm)parts per million百万分之(几) ppt.precipitate沉淀,沉淀物pptd.precipitated沉淀出的pptg.precipitating沉淀pptn precipitation沉淀Pr propyl (normal)丙基prac.practically实际上prep.prepare制备press.pressure压力prepd prepared制备的prepg preparing制备prepn preparation制备psi pounds per square inch磅/英寸2[=0.453592千克/(6.45100×10-4米2)] psia pounds per square inch alsolute磅/英寸2(绝对压力)pt pint品脱(=0.5682615升)purifn purification精制py pyridine(used only in formulas)吡啶qt.quality质量qual.qualitative(not qualitatively)定性的quant.quantitative(not quantitatively)定量的γ希文,消旋(不译)red.reduce,还原red reduction还原,减小ref.reference 参考文献rem roentgen equivalent man人体伦琴当量,雷姆rep roentgen equivalent physical物理伦琴当量repr.reproduction再生产,再生res.resolution分辨,分解,离析resp.respectively分别地rpm revolution per minute每分钟转数RNase ribonuclease核糖核酸酶sapon.saponification皂化sapond saponified皂化过的sapong saponifying皂化sat.saturate使饱和satd.saturated饱和的satg saturating饱和的satn.saturation饱和,饱和度sec second(s)秒,仲,第二的sep.separate分离sepd separated分离出的sepg separating分离的sepn separation分离sol.soluble可溶的soln solution溶液soly solubility(solys.for solubilities is not approved)可溶性,溶解度sp.gr.specific gravity比重sp.ht.specific heat比热sp.vol.specific volume比容std. standard标准suppl. supplement补篇sym. symmetrical对称的tech. technical技术的temp. temperature温度tert. Tertiary叔(指CH3…C(CH3)2—型烃基) thermodyn. Thermodynamics热力学titrn titration滴定unsym. unsymmetrical偏,不对称U. V. ultraviolet紫外线V volt(s)伏[特]vac.vacuun真空vapor vaporization汽化vol.volume (not volatile)体积vs versus对W.watt(s)瓦[特]wt.weight重量wk week星期。
=EEG electroencephalogram脑电流描记术e.g.for example例如elec electric,electrical(not electrically)电的e.m.f.electromoctive force电动势e.m.u.electromagnetic unit电磁单位en.ethylenediamine(used in formulas only)乙二胺equil equilibrium(s)平衡equiv.equivalent当量,克当量esp.especially 特别,格外est.estimate(as a verb)估计estd estimated估计的estg estimating估计estn estimation估计Et ethyl乙基Et2O ethyl ether乙醚η viscosity粘度eV electron volt(s)电子伏[特]evac.evacuated抽空的evap.evaporate蒸发evapd evaporated 蒸发的evapg evaporating蒸发evapn evaporation蒸发examd examined检验过的,试验过的examg examining检验,试验examn examination检验,试验expt.experiment(as a noun)实验exptl experimental实验的ext.extract提取物,萃,提取extd extracted提取的extg extracting提取extn extraction 提取F farad法[拉](电容)fcc face centered cubic面心立方体fermn fermentation发酵f.p.freezing point冰点,凝固点FSH follicle-stimulating hormone促卵泡激素ft.foot,feet 英尺=0.3048米ft-lb foot-pound 英尺磅=0.3048米×0.453592千克G. gram(s)克gal gallon加仑=4.546092升(英)=3.78543升(美)geol.geological地质的gr.grain(weight unit)谷(1谷=1/7000磅=0.64799克)H hour小时H henry亨[利]ha.hectare(s)公顷=6.451600×10-4米2homo-均匀-,单相h hour小时hyd.hydrolysis,hydrolysed水解Hz hertz(cycles/sec)赫[兹],周/秒I. ID infective dose无效剂量in.inch(es)英寸=0.0254米inorg.incrganic无机的insol.insoluble不溶的IR infrared红外线irradn irradiation照射iso-Bu,isobutyl异丁基iso-Pr,isopropyl异丙基IU国际单位J joule焦[耳](能量单位)K kelvin开[尔文],绝对温度Kcal.kilocalorie(s)千卡=418.6焦kg kilogram(s)千克kV kilovolt(s)千伏kV-amp.kilovolt-ampere(s)千伏安kW.kilowatt(s)千瓦kWh kilowatthour 千瓦小时=3.6×106焦l.liter(s)升boratory实验室lb pound(s)磅=0.453592千克LCAO linear combination of atomic orbitals原子轨道的线性组合LD Lethal dose致死剂量LH Luteinizing hormone促黄体发生激素liq.liquid液体,液态Lm lumen流明(光通量单位)LX lux勒[克斯](照度单位)M. m.meter(s);also(followed by a figure denoting temperature)米,熔融(注明温度时) M.mega-(106)兆M molar(as applied to concn.)摩尔m.melts at,melting at熔融m molal摩尔的ma milliampere(s)毫安manuf.manufacture制造manufd manufactured制造的manufg.manufacturing制造math.mathematical数学的max maximum(s)最大值,最大的Me methyl(MeOH,methanol)甲基mech.mechanical机械的metab.metabolism新陈代谢m.e.v million electron volts兆电子伏mg milligram(s)毫克mi mile英里=1609.344米min minimun[also minute(s)]最小值,最小的min minute分钟misc miscellaneous其它mixt.mixture混合物ml milliliter(s)毫升mm millimeter(s)毫米nm millimicron(s)纳米MO molecular orbital分子轨道函数mol molecule,molecular分子,分子的mol.wt.molecular weight分子量m.p.melting point熔点mph miles per hour英里(=1609.344米)/小时μ micron(s)微米mV millivolt(s)毫伏N newton牛[顿](力的单位)N normal(as applied to concn.)当量(浓度)neg.negative(as an adjective)阴性的,负的no number号,数O obsd observed观察,观测anic有机的oxidn oxidation氧化oz.ounce盎司(常衡=28.349523克)P P.d.potential difference势差,电位差Pet.Et.petroleum ether石油醚Ph.phenyl苯基phys.physical物理的physiol.physiological生理学的p.m.post meridiem午后polymd polymerized聚合polymg polymerizing聚合ploymn polymerization聚合pos.positive(as an adjective)阳性的,正的powd.powdered粉末的,粉状的p.p.b.(ppb)parts per billion亿万分之(几)p.p.m.(ppm)parts per million百万分之(几)ppt.precipitate沉淀,沉淀物pptd.precipitated沉淀出的pptg.precipitating沉淀pptn precipitation沉淀Pr propyl (normal)丙基prac.practically实际上prep.prepare制备press.pressure压力prepd prepared制备的prepg preparing制备prepn preparation制备psi pounds per square inch磅/英寸2[=0.453592千克/(6.45100×10-4米2)] psia pounds per square inch alsolute磅/英寸2(绝对压力)pt pint品脱(=0.5682615升)purifn purification精制py pyridine(used only in formulas)吡啶Q qt.quality质量qual.qualitative(not qualitatively)定性的quant.quantitative(not quantitatively)定量的Rγ希文,消旋(不译)red.reduce,还原red reduction还原,减小ref.reference 参考文献rem roentgen equivalent man人体伦琴当量,雷姆rep roentgen equivalent physical物理伦琴当量repr.reproduction再生产,再生res.resolution分辨,分解,离析resp.respectively分别地rpm revolution per minute每分钟转数RNase ribonuclease核糖核酸酶S sapon.saponification皂化sapond saponified皂化过的sapong saponifying皂化sat.saturate使饱和satd.saturated饱和的satg saturating饱和的satn.saturation饱和,饱和度sec second(s)秒,仲,第二的sep.separate分离sepd separated分离出的sepg separating分离的sepn separation分离sol.soluble可溶的soln solution溶液soly solubility(solys.for solubilities is not approved)可溶性,溶解度sp.gr.specific gravity比重sp.ht.specific heat比热sp.vol.specific volume比容std. standard 标准suppl. supplement 补篇sym. symmetrical 对称的T tech. technical 技术的temp. temperature 温度tert. Tertiary 叔(指CH3…C(CH3)2—型烃基)thermodyn. Thermodynamics 热力学titrn titration 滴定U unsym. unsymmetrical 偏,不对称U. V. ultraviolet 紫外线V V volt(s) 伏[特]vac.vacuun 真空vapor vaporization 汽化vol.volume (not volatile) 体积vs versus 对W W.watt(s) 瓦[特]wt.weight 重量wk week 星期。