sci常用句型总结

sci写作句式以下是一些常用的SCI写作句式：1. "The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of X on Y." （本研究旨在探讨X对Y的影响。

）2. "The results indicate that X is a more effective treatment than Y for Z." （结果表明，X比Y更有效地治疗Z。

）3. "In this study, we found that X significantly improved Y in patients with Z." （在这项研究中，我们发现X显著改善了Z患者的Y。

）4. "Our data suggest that X may be a promising candidate for the treatment of Y." （我们的数据表明，X可能是治疗Y的有前途的候选者。

）5. "The results of this study demonstrate that X plays a critical role in the regulation of Y." （本研究的结果表明，X在调节Y中起着关键作用。

）6. "To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that X can regulate Y in Z." （据我们所知，这是第一项证明X可以调节Z中Y的研究。

）7. "Our findings support the hypothesis that X is essential for the development of Y." （我们的发现支持了X对Y的发展至关重要的假设。

sci常用句式SCI常用句式是指在SCI论文中经常出现的句式，这些句式具有高效表达和规范的特点，使文章更加简洁明了，逻辑清晰。

下面是SCI 常用句式及其使用方法：1. There is a growing consensus that…（越来越多的人认为……）这个句式可以用来表达某个观点在学术界或社会上认可度越来越高的情况，可以体现作者在研究背景和前沿方向上的掌握。

2. It is widely acknowledged that…（人们普遍认为……）同样地，引入适当的学术语言去表述一些已经被学者公认的结论或现象。

3. In order to + 动词原形（为了……）这个句式可以用来表达作者在研究中采用了什么方法或手段，也可以用于强调研究目的。

4. A growing body of evidence suggests that…（越来越多的证据表明……）这个句式可以用于介绍当前研究领域的最新研究成果和进展。

5. It is worth noting that…（值得一提的是……）这个句式具有突出和强调的作用，可以用于强调作者认为值得关注的观点或实验结果。

6. In light of…（考虑到……）这个句式可以用于介绍某个研究现象的解释或原因。

7. It is therefore imperative that…（因此，有必要……）这个句式可以用于表达作者的建议或提出某个问题的解决方案。

8. The findings suggest that…（研究结果表明……）这个句式用于揭示实验或调查的研究结果，可以作为文章结论的开头。

9. The implications of the research are…（研究的意义在于……）这个句式可以用于分析研究结果的意义和价值，为论文提供深度和广度。

10. Overall, the study implies that…（总的来说，这项研究意味着……）这个句式用于总结研究的经验和教训，为进一步的研究提供参考。

SCI论文写作中一些常用的句型总结1.引言句型：- In recent years, there has been growing interest in...- With the rapid development of...- In the context of...- It is widely recognized that...2.目的句型：- The purpose of this study is to...- This research aims to...- The objective of this paper is to...3.方法句型：- The experimental design involves...- The research methodology employed in this study includes...4.结果句型：- The results indicate that...- It is evident from the findings that...- The study reveals that...- The data suggests that...5.讨论句型：- The current study has several implications for...- These results are consistent with previous research showing...- The findings of this study contribute to our understanding of...- The limitations of this study should be considered, such as...6.结论句型：- In conclusion...- To sum up...- Overall...- This study provides further evidence that...7.建议句型：- It is suggested that future research should focus on...- Further investigation is warranted to...8.引用句型：- According to (author's name), (quote)...- (Author's name) has argued that...- The literature suggests that...9.比较句型：- In contrast to...- On the other hand...- Similarly...10.解释句型：- This can be attributed to...- One possible explanation for this phenomenon is...- The results can be explained by...请注意，在撰写SCI论文时应避免直接复制粘贴以上句型，而是根据具体情况进行适当修改，以确保句子的流畅性和准确性。

第一部分同义词替换1.about （大约）一approximately2.get —obtain3.finish 一complete4.change 一transform5.method 一technique6.buy 一purchase7.ask 一inquire8.begin、start 一commence9.cheap 一inexpensive10.obtainable 一avaiblee 一employ12.have 一possess13.get 一acquire14.extra 一additional15.help 一assistance16.about （关于）一concerning17.enlarge 一magnify18.many 一numerous 19. best 一optimum 20. lively 一vigorous第二部分连接词使用1.并列递进：moreover, in addition, furthermore, besides, likewise, also, then, additionally2.转折：not, yet, however, n evertheless, non etheless, mean while, on the other hand.on the contrary, conversely, paradoxically, by contrast, in spite o，f rather than, instead of, unfortunately3.解释：in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is,namely, insimp lerterms4.原因：because, because of, as, since, owing to, due to, thanks to,for thisreason5.举例：for example, for instanee, as such, such as, take ...for example, toillustrate, to n ame afew6.强调：surprisingly, interestingly,intriguingly, strikingly, unexpectedly, clearly,obviously, apparen tly,i n fact, in deed, actually, as a matter of fact, un doubtedly7.可能：presumably, probably, perhaps8.让步：although, after all, in spite of..., despite, even if, even though,though, admittedly, give n that9.总结：overall, eventually, consequently, in summary, in a word, as a result,together, collectively, thus, hen ce, con seque ntly, on thewhole, incon clusi on, to sum up, in brief, to con clude, to summarize, inshort, briefly10.结果：therefore, as a result, then, consequently, thus, hence, so, therefore,accord in gly, con seque ntly, as conseque nee11.对比比较：likewise, similarly, in p arallel to, while,whereas第三部分常用句式1.说明选题的重要性：X is the ma in / leadi ng / p rimary / major causeof ..Xs are acom mon / useful / critical part of …Xs are among the most //ccimmoaeiddiscussed / well-k nown / well-docume nted / wides pread/com monly inv estigated typesof …X is recognized abeing / believed to be / widely considered to be themostimp orta nt …It is well known / gen erally acce pted / com mon kno wledgethat X isis in creas in gly beco ming / set to become a vital factor in …Xs are un dergo ing arevolutio n / gen erat ing con siderablei nterest in terms of …Xs are attract ingcon siderable / in creas ing / wides pread interest due to2.概述前人做过的研究：Last century X was con sidered to be / viewed as / see n asthe most …I nitial / P relimi nary / The first studies of X considered it tobe...Traditionally X / In the history of X, the focus has always been …Scien tists /Researchers / Experts have always seen X as …Un til now / For many years /Since1993 Xs have been considered as … X has received much attention in the lasttwo years / in the past decade/ over the last two decades …For the p ast five years / Since2011 there has been a rapid rise in the use of XsThe last two years have witnessed /seen a huge growth in X … The past decade / last year has seen a renewedimportancein X … Recent developments in / findings regarding X have led to … X has become acentral / an important / a criticalissue in3. 展望未来：The next decade is likely to see / witness a considerable rise in XIn thenext few years X will become / is likely to have becomeWithin the next fewyears, Xis set / destined / likely to become an important component in … By 2025 / Within thnext ten years, X will have become •…X will soon / shortly / rap idly / in evitably be anissuethat4. 指出知识上的空缺：Few researchers have addressed the problem / issue / questionof … Previous work has only focused on / been limited to / failed to addresscentral / core problem ofA challenging / An intriguing / An important / A neglectedarea in the field of...The characteristics of X are not wellunderstood / aremisunderstood / have not been dealt with in depth.It is not yet known / has not yetbeen established whether X can do Y. X is still poorly / notwidelyunderstood.Techniques to solve X are computationally demanding / subject to highoverheads / time consuming / impractical / frequently unfeasible.A majordefect /difficulty / drawback / disadvantage / flaw of X is … One of the main issues in ourknowledge of / what we know about X is a lack of … This particular / specific area ofX has been overlooked / has eben neglected / remains unclear … Despite this interest,no one to the best of our knowledge / as far as we know has studied … Although thisapproach is interesting, it suffers from / fails to take into account /does not allowfor … However, there is still a need for / has been little discussion on … Moreovother solutions / research programs / approaches have failed to provide...Thereis stillsome / much / considerable controversy surrounding … Concerns have arisen / beenraised which question / call into question the validity of •Tn the light of rece nt eve ntsin x, there is now some / much / considerable concernabout5.论述论文目标和贡献：In this report / paper / review / study we …Thispaperoutlines / proposes / describes / presents a new approach to r examinThiS papeseeks to address / focuses on / discusses / investigates how to solve …This papeoverview of / a review of / a report on / a preliminary attempt to ...The present paperaims to validate / call into question / refute Peng’ Sindings regarding (X)ispresented / described / analyzed / computed / investigated / examined / introduced /discussed in order to …The aim of our work / research / study / analysis wastofurther / extend / widen / broaden current knowledge of …The aisnt o f this studystudy / evaluate / validate / determine / examine / analyze / calculate / estimate /formulate …This paper calls in to questi on / takes a new look at / re-exam ines /revisits / sheds new light on •…We undertook this study / initiated this research /developed this methodology to...We believe that we have found / developed /discovered / designed an innovative solution to …We describe / p rese nt / con sider /analyze a novel / simple / radical / interesting solution for。

sci论文常用句型大全1.Taken together, our data provide new mechanistic insights intopossible endogenous signaling metastatic signaling pathways involved in maintaining proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells.2.We sought to determine whether seliciclib (CYC202, R-roscovitine)could increase the antitumor effects of doxorubicin, with no increase in toxicity, in an MCF7 breast cancer xenograft model.3.MIB1 (ki67) immunohistochemistry demonstrated reducedproliferation with treatment.(用于ki67方面)4.Survivin embodies these properties, and5.Moreover, in pre-clinical bladder tumor models, inhibition ofSurvivin expression and/or function has been shown to impede tumor cell proliferation, and markedly induce spontaneous or chemotherapy induced apoptosis6.The efficacy of mainstay cancer therapies, cytotoxics and radiation,has reached a plateau in the treatment of many cancers, and there is an urgent sense that improvements must now come from fresh approaches.7.Median age was 62 years with a range of 40-74 years.8.splice variants might function in effect as dominant negatives so thattheir expression might concurrent with survivin.9.There is a hypothesis that10.The absence of in vivo data on this point has now been remedied witha paper in this issue of the JCI by Altieri and colleagues.11.Thus, this raises an interesting question whether...12.raising the possibility that most, if not all, tumors express...13.The levels of p21 and p27 increased after treatment with doxorubicinor seliciclib alone or in combination, compared to untreated controls.14.In contrast, it is abundantly expressed in a wide variety of malignanttissues.15.On the contrary,...16.By contrast,a good title will attract the relevant researchers andincrease the number of citations you receive17.We have found that the human breast cancer cells MCF-7/Adroverexpress not only P-gp but also XIAP and Survivin, and showed high resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs doxorubicin, docetaxel and vincristine, in contrast to their parental cells KB and MCF-7.18.Survivin is aberrantly expressed in various kinds of cancer cells but isundetectable in normal differentiated adult tissues, with the exception of testis, thymus, and placenta.19.The attributable mortality of CVC related bloodstream infectionsranges from 0% to 11.5%,20.Given these low rates, it is not clear whether new technical devicesconfer further advantages21.Patients with a history of allergy to chlorhexidine or to transparentdressings were excluded.22.Recurrence is difficult to treat and incurable in most patients23.She also runs the risk of infection because she has no spleen and willhave to take penicillin for a few months.ing these sites carried an increased risk of noninfectiouscomplications25.Patients with gastroparesis are at increased risk for aspirationpneumonitis26.Some research suggests that frequent consumption of fruit andvegetable can cut the risk of lung cancer even in smoke. 有研究显示，对水果和蔬菜长期的消耗，甚至能使吸烟者患肺癌的危险性降低。

第一种基本句型，主语＋谓语。

这一类句型的谓语动词是不及物动词，后面可有副词或介词短语等。

比如，“Each stimulus lasted for 1.0 sec.”(介绍实验方法，通常用过去式)。

这里也顺便提一下，现在有很多方便快捷的辞典，有可下载的、有网上的。

如果对一个词的属性不太清楚（比如这里的“last”），建议用辞典迅速查一下，是及物还是不及物动词？或是从辞典的例句中学习该单词的正确用法。

第二种基本句型，主语＋系动词＋表语。

举几个个例子。

“The findings of the present study are of great importance for deciphering the mechanism of …”在摘要部分经常会这样说，“The goal of this study was to compare method A and method B in the diagnosis of XXX disease.”（不定式做表语）又如在结果部分经常用到的，“The level of XX in group A was significantly higher than that in group B.”（注，这里than是介词）另一种常用的是There be结构。

比如，“There were 58 participants in group A.”第三种基本句型，主语＋谓语＋宾语。

上面的最后一个例句也可以这么说，“Group A included 58 participants.”在这种句型中，谓语动词是及物动词。

这种句型也可以使用被动语态，比如“The status of XXX was monitored during XXX.”这类句型在科技论文写作中可能用的是最多的之一。

当然因为论文中描述的现象、数据或者观点一般都比较复杂，通常会涉及从句。

比如，“A number of studies have shown that …”从句的问题后面会专门谈到。

【985师兄给的顶刊sci常用句式汇总】作为科研工作者，我们都知道，在科学研究中，发表一篇顶尖期刊（sci）上的论文是非常重要的。

为了提高自己的论文质量，我特意向985师兄请教了一些顶刊sci常用句式，并对其进行了汇总和总结。

现在，我将这些常用句式共享给大家，希望能对大家的科研工作有所帮助。

1. 阐述研究意义- 这项研究的目标是…- 本研究的重要性在于…- 此研究对于解决…问题具有重要意义。

2. 提出假设- 我们假设…- 基于…的基础上，我们提出…3. 描述研究方法- 本研究采用了…- 实验过程中，我们进行了…4. 分析实验结果- 实验结果表明…- 通过数据分析，我们得出…5. 总结研究成果- 我们的研究得出了…- 本研究为…提供了新的证据。

通过这些顶刊sci常用句式，我们可以更准确、更流畅地表达自己的研究成果，增强论文的说服力。

当然，这只是师兄给出的一部分句式，更多的句式需要我们在实际的科研工作中不断总结和积累。

希望大家能够在科研道路上取得更好的成绩！在科研工作中，精准、流畅地表达是非常重要的。

通过积累这些顶刊sci常用句式，我们可以更加深入地揭示问题的本质，帮助我们更好地表达自己的研究成果。

希望这些句式能够对大家的科研工作有所帮助，并在将来的论文写作中发挥作用。

对于我来说，科研工作是一种全新的挑战。

而这份汇总的顶刊sci常用句式，则为我的科研之路增添了一抹亮色。

希望在以后的科研工作中，我能够更加深入地探索知识的海洋，在论文中表达得更加准确、清晰。

随着科技的不断进步和发展，科研工作变得愈发重要。

在这个领域，发表一篇顶尖期刊（SCI）上的论文意味着对世界知识的贡献，也是对自己科研工作的肯定。

在这样的背景下，如何提高论文的质量成为了每个科研工作者必须面对的问题。

在进行科研工作的过程中，我曾向985师兄请教了一些顶刊SCI常用句式，并进行了汇总和总结。

通过与师兄的交流和学习，我意识到在科研工作中，精准、流畅地表达研究成果对于提高论文质量至关重要。

SCI常用词汇和句型No.1Introduction常用的词汇Characterize:是…的特征; 以…为典型; 使…具有特点常用句型：In the present study, we try to characterize the role of sth in the promotion of health.Demonstrate: 证明; 证实; 论证; 说明常用句型：Previous studies have demonstrated that......Discover: (第一个) 发现; (出乎意料地) 发现常用句型1：It is of great interest to discover that...常用句型2：we have discovered that...Evaluate:估计; 评价; 评估常用句型1：The aim of this study was to evaluate...常用句型2：We evaluate its contribution to...常用句型3：In order to evaluate...Examine: 审查; 调查; 考查; 考察; (仔细地) 检查常用句型1：Examination of sth showed that...常用句型2：In this study, we have examined sth in ...Establish:建立; 创立; 设立; 建立(尤指正式关系)常用句型1：It has been established that + 句子常用句型2：句子was established by...Explore:探索; 考察; 探究; 调查研究; 探讨常用句型1：To further explore the effects of pressure, we... 常用句型2：We explored+ 句子Find: (经寻找、研究或思考) 发现，查明常用句型1：sth was founded...常用句型2：we find a method that can be used to... 常用句型3：it is founded that...Identify: 确认; 认出; 鉴定; 找到; 发现; 显示常用句型1：Sth was identified as a critical truth to...Investigate: 侦查(某事); 调查(某人)常用句型1：Sth was investigated常用句型2：In this report, we investigated that...常用句型3：The test is essential to investigate...Reveal: 揭示; 显示; 透露常用句型1：The experiments revealed that...常用句型2：Recent advances have revealed...Study: 研究; 调查常用句型1：We studied...常用句型2：A parametric study has been carried out for...常用句型3：句子+ was studiedNo.2描述要解决的问题时用到的词汇Aim: 目的; 目标; 目的是; 旨在常用句型1：The aim of this research is to provide...常用句型2：The aim of this study was to evaluate...Address: 处理；对付常用句型1：To address the issue of sth常用句型2：A graph was added to address the issues of...Describe: 描述；形容常用句型1：In this report, we describe an analytical method to/that... 常用句型2：As described in materials and methods of sth...No.3表转折的词汇despite: 尽管；即使；尽管自己不愿意（常用在开头）常用句型：Despite the detailed examination...However:然而；不过；不管怎样（用在开头表转折）常用句型1：In this study, however, that it would not be...常用句型2：However, he confirms there has recently beenIn contrast: 相反（句后的开头）常用句型: In contrast, the mummy of sth contains.....Unfortunately: 可惜；遗憾的是；不巧（单独用在句首）常用句型: Unfortunately, as I said, we don't seem to have learned... Present: 出现；提出；显示；提交常用句型1: This article presents...常用句型2: In this paper, a feasibility study of... is presentedpurpose: 目的；用途；目标；意图常用句型: The purpose of this study was...report:报告；报道；汇报常用句型1: A series of sth, including A, B, and C were subs-equently reported by... 常用句型2: As reported that...No.4有关过去和现在时间的词汇Current: 现在的；现行的；通用的常用句型1: Current scientific evidence indicates that...常用句型2: The current work discusses...Present: 目前；现在常用句型: The present study aims to explore...Previous: 先前的；以往的常用句型1: Previous studies demonstrated...常用句型2: The previous work has focused on...Recent: 最近的常用句型1: It was recently predicted that...常用句型2: The recent discussion...No.5用于举例的词In case of: 万一；假使；如果(用在句首)常用句型: In case of the specified parameters of...Especially: 格外；特别是；尤其是（常用在逗号后面）常用句型: Any sharply localized area with a fibrotic appeara-nce should be regarded as suspicious, especially if it has a stellate shape.For example: 例如（用在句首）常用句型: For example, as Silbert spoke about her prom experienceFor instance:例如（用在句首）常用句型1: For instance, it's easy to come up with常用句型2: The joint may be used to join a pair of structural components, for instance in an aerospace applicationInclude:包括；包含；使成为…的一部分（用在句中）常用句型1: To be considered with your bid, include the phrase常用句型2: Potential plans include traveling photographic exhibition.In particular:尤其；特别地；特别是（逗号后面或者句首）常用句型1: The utility model relates to a filtering apparatus, in particular to the filtering apparatus used for a variable air valve timing deviceSpecifically:具体来说；明确地（句中句首句尾均可以）常用句型1: Designed specifically for use in the car常用句型2: Specifically, he saidSuch as：比如；像这种的（常用在逗号后面）常用句型1: Everybody huddled with the body surface, such as loess.No.6描述实验部分的词汇According to: 根据；按照常用句型1: sth was transfected by sth according to...常用句型2:according to...Achieve: 完成（凭长期努力）达到（某目标、地位、标准）常用句型: Sth was achieved through/by...Acquire: 获得; 取得常用句型: Sth were acquired...Allow: 允许；准许常用句型: This method allowed us to determine...Assess: 评估；估算常用句型1: In order to assess...常用句型2: Sth was assessedCarry out:执行；实现常用句型1: Sth was carried out...常用句型2: It is difficult to carry out...常用句型3: In order to carry out...Collect: 收集；搜集常用句型1: Some samples were collected in the experiment. 常用句型2: Sth were collected through...Conduct:实施；执行常用句型: The field trial was conducted by...Expose: 暴露；揭露常用句型1: We exposed...常用句型2: It is well known that someone was exposed to...Generate: 产生；引起常用句型1: Sth was generated by...常用句型2: 句子+is generated常用句型3: Sth was used to generate...Keep: 保存；保留常用句型: The temperature was kept constant at 400℃for one hour.Obtain:获得；得到常用句型1: Sth have been obtained from the analysis of ...常用句型2: The result was obtained with...Perform: 执行常用句型1: Sth was performed by...常用句型2: Sth was performed using...Prepare: 配制常用句型1: A good method was prepared as described previously. 常用句型2: Sth was performed.Produce: 生产；制造常用句型: The pulse waveforms produced from cells and particles.Proceed:继续做（或从事、进行）常用句型1: The reactions are proposed to proceed in a two-step processProvide:提供常用句型1: We provide...常用句型2: The proper method provides...常用句型3: Sth was provided by...Purchase: 购买；采购常用句型:All chemicals were purchased from Eaton chemical companyRecord: 记录常用句型: The initial measurements were recorded at fixed temperatureSubject to: 处于…中；使服从常用句型: The device is subject to a magnetic field of 10TUndertake:着手做; 承担；从事常用句型: We undertook this study to understand...No.7描述先后顺序的词常用在实验方法的描述上面。

sci不同部分的常用句式一、引言科学论文是科学研究成果的重要形式之一，论文中的句式使用直接影响到读者对论文内容的理解和接受程度。

本文将以SCI论文不同部分为切入点，分别列举常用的句式，旨在帮助科研人员提高论文写作的质量和效率。

二、引言部分常用句式1. 简介研究背景和意义：- 过去几十年里，关于...的研究取得了显著进展。

(In the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the research on...)- 这项研究的重要性在于...(The significance of this study lies in...)- 目前，对于...的认识仍然不够充分。

(Currently, our understanding of... remains incomplete.)2. 表明研究目的和问题：- 本研究旨在探讨...的影响。

(The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of...)- 本文的主要问题是...(The main question addressed in this paper is...)- 我们的研究目标是...。

(Our research aims to...)3. 介绍研究方法和实验设计：- 采用了...的方法进行实验。

(The experiment was conducted using the method of...)- 在实验设计中，我们考虑了...的因素。

(In the experimental design, we took into account the factors of...)- 为了验证我们的假设，我们采用了...的实验方案。

(To test our hypothesis, we employed an experimental design of...)三、方法部分常用句式1. 描述实验对象或样本：- 本研究选择了...作为研究对象。

Beginning1. In this paper, we focus on the need for2. This paper proceeds as follow.3. The structure of the paper is as follows.4. In this paper, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on theIntroduction1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem anda detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined.2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections.3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arrivals and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered.Review1. This review is followed by an introduction.2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2.3. In the next section, a brief review of the ....is given.4. In the next section, a short review of ... is given with special regard to ...5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx.6. Section 1.1 briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while 1.2 looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of possibility methods.Body1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance.2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic.3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approaches to, natural language understanding.5. Section 2 explains how flexibility which often ... can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time window6. Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the ...7. Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the ….. and also discusses how to evaluate system performance.8. Section 3 describes a new measure of xx.9. Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of xx.10. Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human decision.11. Section 3, is developed to the modeling and processing of fuzzy decision rules12. The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 describes the xx strategies.13. Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed model.14. Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set based approach to cost variance investigation.15. Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx.16. Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of memory process.17. Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and 3.18. Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illustrate its use on experimental data.19. Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy set model ..20. Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further work.21. Section 6 illustrates the model with an example.22. Various ways of justification and the reasons for their choice are discussed very briefly in Section 2.23. In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a whole model of human DM system24. In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a ... scheme must satisfy.25. In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation and uniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain of discourse is order dense.26. In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empirical study currently in progress to verify the measurement model and to construct membership functions.27. In Section 5 is analyzed the inference process through the two kinds of inference experiments...This Section1. In this section, the characteristics and environment under which MRP is designed are described.2. We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations which are necessary for the understanding of subsequent results.Next Section2. The next section describes the mathematics that goes into the computer implementation of such fuzzy logic statements.3. However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical applications the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next section.4. The three components will be described in the next two section, and an example of xx analysis of a computer information system will then illustrate their use.5. We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the following sections.6. The next section summarizes the method in a from that is useful for arguments based on xxSummary1. This paper concludes with a discussion of future research consideration in section 5.2. Section 5 summarizes the results of this investigation.3. Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of research.4. Section 7 provides a summary and a discussion of some extensions of the paper.5. Finally, conclusions and future work are summarized6. The basic questions posed above are then discussed and conclusions are drawn.7. Section 7 is the conclusion of the paper.Chapter 0. Abstract1. A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a xx rate for the measurement of experimental variables.2. This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy mathematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx measures.3. This paper describes a system for the analysis of the xx.4. The method involves the construction of xx from fuzzy relations.5. The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a decision.6. The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx algorithm.7. The usefulness of xx is also considered.8. A brief methodology used in xx is discussed.9. The analysis is useful in xx and xx problem.10. A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy matrices.11. Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and justified.12. The use of the method is discussed and an example is given.13. Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis procedure are given to illustrate the proposed technique.14. This paper analyses problems in15. This paper outlines the functions carried out by ...16. This paper includes an illustration of the ...17. This paper provides an overview and information useful for approaching18. Emphasis is placed on the construction of a criterion function by which the xx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are evaluated.19. The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xx20. Our proposed model is verified through experimental study.21. The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy phases of: xx, xx22. The compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xx are likewise represented by linguistic variables.23. A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational procedure Chapter 1. IntroductionTime1. Over the course of the past 30 years, ..has emerged form intuitive2. Technological revolutions have recently hit the industrial world3. The advent of ... systems for has had a significant impact on the4. The development of ... is explored5. During the past decade, the theory of fuzzy sets has developed in a variety of directions6.The concept of xx was investigated quite intensively in recent years7. There has been a turning point in ... methodology in accordance with the advent of ...8. A major concern in ... today is to continue to improve...9. A xx is a latecomer in the part representation arena.10. At the time of this writing, there is still no standard way of xx11. Although a lot of effort is being spent on improving these weaknesses, the efficient and effective method has yet to be developed.12. The pioneer work can be traced to xx [1965].13. To date, none of the methods developed is perfect and all are far from ready to be used in commercial systems.Objective / Goal / Purpose1. The purpose of the inference engine can be outlined as follows:2. The ultimate goal of the xx system is to allow the non experts to utilize the existing knowledge in the area of manual handling of loads, and to provide intelligent, computer aided instruction for xxx.3. The paper concerns the development of a xx4. The scope of this research lies in5. The main theme of the paper is the application of rule based decision making.6. These objectives are to be met with such thoroughness and confidence as to permit ...7. The objectives of the ... operations study are as follows:8. The primary purpose/consideration/objective of9. The ultimate goal of this concept is to provide10. The main objective of such a ... system is to11. The aim of this paper is to provide methods to construct such probability distribution.12. In order to achieve these objectives, an xx must meet the following requirements:13. In order to take advantage of their similarity14. more research is still required before final goal of ... can be completed15. In this trial, the objective is to generate...16. for the sake of concentrating on ... research issues17. A major goal of this report is to extend the utilization of a recently developed procedure for the xx.18. For an illustrative purpose, four well known OR problems are studied in presence of fuzzy data: xx.19. A major thrust of the paper is to discuss approaches and strategies for structuring ..methods20. This illustration points out the need to specify21. The ultimate goal is both descriptive and prescriptive.22. Chapter 2. Literature Review23. A wealth of information is to be found in the statistics literature, for example, regarding xx24. A considerable amount of research has been done ..during the last decade25. A great number of studies report on the treatment of uncertainties associated with xx.26. There is considerable amount of literature on planning27. However, these studies do not provide much attention to uncertainty in xx.28. Since then, the subject has been extensively explored and it is still under investigation as well in methodological aspects as in concrete applications.29. Many research studies have been carried out on this topic.30. Problem of xx draws recently more and more attention of system analysis.31. Attempts to resolve this dilemma have resulted in the development of32. Many complex processes unfortunately, do not yield to this design procedure and have, therefore, not yet been automated.33. Most of the methods developed so far are deterministic and /or probabilistic in nature.34. The central issue in all these studies is to35. The problem of xx has been studied by other investigators, however, these studies have been based upon classical statistical approaches.36. Applied ... techniques to37. Characterized the ... system as38. Developed an algorithm to39. Developed a system called ... which40. Uses an iterative algorithm to deduce41. Emphasized the need to42. Identifies six key issues surrounding high technology43. A comprehensive study of the... has been undertaken44. Much work has been reported recently in these filed45. Proposed/Presented/State that/Described/Illustrated/Indicated/Has shown / showed/Address/Highlights46. Point out that the problem of47. A study on ...was done / developed by []48. Previous work, such as [] and [], deal only with49. The approach taken by [] is50. The system developed by [] consists51. A paper relevant to this research was published by []52. []'s model requires consideration of...53. []' model draws attention to evolution in human development54. []'s model focuses on...55. Little research has been conducted in applying ... to56. The published information that is relevant to this research...57. This study further shows that58. Their work is based on the principle of59. More history of ... can be found in xx et al. [1979].60. Studies have been completed to established61. The ...studies indicated that62. Though application of xx in the filed of xx has proliferated in recent years, effort in analyzing xx, especially xx, is lacking.Problem / Issue / Question63. Unfortunately, real-world engineering problems such as manufacturing planning do not fit well with this narrowly defined model. They tend to span broad activities and require consideration of multiple aspects.64. Remedy / solve / alleviate these problems67. ... is a difficult problem, yet to be adequately resolved68. Two major problems have yet to be addressed69. An unanswered question70. This problem in essence involves using x to obtain a solution.71. An additional research issue to be tackled is ....72. Some important issues in developing a ... system are discussed73. The three prime issues can be summarized:74. The situation leads to the problem of how to determine the ...75. There have been many attempts to76. It is expected to be serious barrier to77. It offers a simple solution in a limited domain for a complex。