新世纪大学英语综合教程4unit1课文逐段翻译

Unit 1Active reading (1)大学毕业找工作的第一要义：别躺在沙发上做梦今年夏天，超过65万的大学生毕业离校，其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作。

在当今金融危机的背景下，做父母的该如何激励他们？七月，你看着21岁英俊的儿子穿上学士袍，戴上四方帽，骄傲地握着优等学士学位证书，拍毕业照。

这时，记忆中每年支付几千英镑，好让儿子吃好、能偶尔参加聚会的印象开始消退。

但现在，你又不得不再考虑钱的问题。

等到暑假快要结束，全国各地的学生正在为新学期做准备的时候，你发现大学毕业的儿子还歪躺在沙发上看电视。

他只是偶尔走开去发短信，浏览社交网站Facebook，去酒吧喝酒。

这位前“千禧一代”的后裔一夜之间变成了“哼哼一代”的成员。

他能找到工作吗？这就是成千上万家庭所面临的景象：今年夏天，超过65万大学生毕业，在当今金融危机的背景下他们中的大多数人不知道自己下一步该做什么。

父母只会唠叨，而儿女们则毫无缘由地变成了叛逆者，他们知道自己该找份工作，但却不知道如何去找。

来自米德尔塞克斯郡的杰克·古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系毕业，获得二级一等荣誉学士学位。

他走进大学就业服务中心，又径直走了出来，因为他看见很多人在那里排长队。

跟他一起住的另外5个男孩也都跟他一样，进去又出来了。

找工作的压力不大，虽然他所认识的大多数女生都有更明确的计划。

他说：“我申请政治学研究工作，但被拒了。

他们给的年薪是1万8千镑，交完房租后所剩无几，也就够买一罐煮豆子，可他们还要有研究经历或硕士学位的人。

然后我又申请了公务员速升计划，并通过了笔试。

但在面试时，他们说我‘太冷漠’了，谈吐‘太像专家治国论者’。

我觉得自己不可能那样，但我显然就是那样的。

”打那以后他整个夏天都在“躲”。

他能够轻松复述《交通警察》中的若干片段，他白天看电视的时间太多，已经到了影响健康的地步。

跟朋友谈自己漫无目标的日子时，他才发现他们的处境和自己的并没有两样。

全新版大学英语综合教程4课后翻译Unit 11. Mr. Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm.多尔蒂先生和他的家人目前正在农场忙于秋收。

2. We must not underestimate the enemy. They are equipped with the most sophisticatedweapons.我们不能低估敌人,他们装备了最先进的武器。

3. Having been cut of a job/Not having had a job for 3months, Phil is getting increasinglydesperate.菲尔已经三个月没有找到工作了,正在变得越来越绝望。

4. Sam, as the project manager, is decisive, efficient, and accurate in his judgment.作为项目经理,山姆办事果断,工作效率高,且判断准确。

5. Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution, the village neighborhoodcommittee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs.既然已经证实这家化工厂是污染源,村委会决定将其关闭,为此损失了一百个工作岗位。

Unit 21.There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.空气有一种不寻常的寂静,只有远处响着大炮的声音。

2. The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall inliving standards and an increase in social problems.在某些非洲国家城市的扩展已经引起生活水平相当大的下降和社会问题的增多。

美国梦的严酷现实汉弗莱·霍克斯利这是西雅图海边阳光明媚、赤日炎炎的一天，穿越海湾能一眼望见远处的岛屿，其自然美景没有受到任何破坏。

人们躺在一片草坪上看书或和恋人相依，一阵充满活力的无伴奏的歌声从草坪的另一端传了过来。

原来是一家咖啡馆外面有4位男子正在唱着一首关于丘比特的情歌，每个人都有着不同的音域。

围了几圈的人群正摇摆着身体合着节奏拍手。

这家咖啡馆的星巴克徽标让我觉得有一点过时，直到有人提到这是世界上第一家开张的星巴克时我才恍然大悟。

我是因为最近的一次调查来到西雅图的。

这项调查是由位于伦敦的经济运转情况中心发起的，旨在了解在世界不同的地方发财致富究竟有多么容易或多么困难——如果不是发财致富，至少也是摆脱贫困。

“如果你生在美国的一个穷人家庭，”其中的一位作者说，“那么比起在欧洲、北欧国家，你更有可能终身贫困，就连在加拿大，一个你觉得和美国差不多的国家，那里的情况也要比美国好。

”机会这项研究连同伊拉克战争以来愈来愈普遍的反美情绪，让我想到了一个有关美国梦——认为在美国任何事情都有可能实现的想法——的问题。

我之所以选择西雅图不仅仅是因为星巴克诞生在那里，还因为微软、亚马逊图书以及波音飞机都来自这座小城市。

如果你愿意将它们称作梦想的话，那么这些小梦想现在已经变成了全球的大品牌。

“天气真不错，是吗？”我转过身来，看到一张布满皱纹、略显疲惫的男人的脸，我称呼他“戴夫”。

“你会得到你想要的吗？”我们几天前见过面，当时他正在一家帮助穷人和无家可归者的慈善机构里吃早饭，我曾问他是否相信美国梦。

“美国梦，”戴夫吃着松饼，用餐巾纸擦了擦嘴说道，“这个嘛，它时来时去。

它还会再来的。

”成功者和失败者在一家天花板很低的餐厅里，有一百来个男人沿着搁板桌并排而坐。

他们5点就开始排队登记了，因为说不定会有工作。

然后他们吃饭，而保安则在一边监视他们，以防有什么麻烦发生。

在欧洲或仅仅是边界那一边的加拿大，人们更有可能获得社会保障。

Unit 1Text A人在自然界|亚历山大·斯伯金Nature nurtures mankind unselfishly with its rich resources. Yet, man is so carried away in his transformation of nature that he is unaware that it also has limitations and needs constant care. Now worn by the excessive demands of mankind, nature is unable to maintain the ecological balance needed. Humanity is faced with the problem of how to stop, or at least to moderate, the destruction of Mother Nature.人类生活在大自然的王国里。

他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。

人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物，无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响。

我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。

Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are constantly surrounded by it and interact with it. Man is constantly aware of the influence of nature in the form of the air he breathes, the water he drinks, and the food he eats. We are connected with nature by "blood" ties and we cannot live outside nature.人类不仅生活在大自然之中，同时也在改变着大自然。

英语翻译Unit one Nine to fivepassage1 大学毕业找工作的第一要义：别躺在沙发上做梦今年夏天，超过65 万的大学生毕业离校，其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作。

在当今金融危机的背景下，做父母的该如何激励他们？1 七月，你看着英俊的21岁的儿子穿上学士袍，戴上四方帽，骄傲地握着大学荣誉学位证书，拍毕业照。

这时，记忆中每年支付几千英镑，好让儿子吃好、并能偶尔参加聚会的记忆开始消退。

但现在，你又不得不再考虑钱的问题。

2 等到暑假快要结束，全国各地的学生正在为新学期做准备的时候，你却发现大学毕业的儿子还歪躺在沙发上看电视。

除此之外，他只是偶尔发发短信，浏览社交网站Facebook，或者去酒吧喝酒。

这位属于“千禧一代”的年轻人一夜之间变成了“抱怨一代”的成员。

他能找到工作吗？3 这就是成千上万家庭所面临的状况：今年夏天，超过65万的大学生毕业，在当今金融危机的背景下，他们中的大多数人不知道自己下一步该做什么。

父母只会唠叨，而儿女们则毫无缘由地变成了叛逆者。

他们知道自己该找份工作，但却不知道如何去找。

4 来自米德尔塞克斯郡的杰克·古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系毕业，获得二级一等荣誉学士学位。

他走进大学就业服务中心，但又径直走了出来，因为他看见很多人在那里排长队。

跟他一起住的另外5个男孩子也都跟他一样，进去又出来了。

找工作的压力不大，虽然他所认识的大多数女生都有更明确的计划。

5 他说：“我申请政治学研究工作，但被拒绝了。

他们给的年薪是万镑，交完房租后所剩无几，也就够买一罐豆子，可他们还要有工作经历或硕士学位的人。

然后我又申请参加快速晋升人才培养计划，并通过了笔试。

但在面试时，他们说我‘太冷漠’了，谈吐‘太像专家政治论者’。

我觉得自己不可能那样，但我显然就是那样的。

”6 打那以后，他整个夏天都在“隐身”。

他能够轻松地复述出电视剧《交通警察》中的假设干片段。

他白天看电视的时间太长，已经到了影响健康的地步。

If you ask me1If you ask me, real life is not all it's cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It's just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all that's before I've had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I'm interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won't even last till the end of the year, let alone till I'm 60.3 I didn't really want to go out to work just yet. I mean, I wasn't a dropout and I knew I'd have to some day. According to any number of people "life's not a picnic", "there's no such thing as a free lunch". But given that I'd got a good degree, I thought I'd like to go on to get my master's. Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE) . Top school, very good for my CV. But I talked to my mum about it, and she said she couldn't afford to support me any more. I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics. She'd worked hard for 15 years to give me an education. My dad wasn't around most of the time, and when he was, he didn't have any money. He'd spent it gambling on the dogs or down the pub. So it came to the point when I just agreed with Mum, and bowed myself towards the inevitable.4 If you ask me, and despite everything you hear, fortunately there are some really nice people out there. Take Mike, for example. When I left university, what I thought was that my mum would feel obliged to look after me if I returned home. So I packed up my belongings and went to London to get a job. I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, I could use my degree. But by that time, there were no jobs left, and I didn't really want to end up in some boring office, doing photocopies and making the tea.5 Go anywhere you like in London and there's usually a good pub. The day I realized no one in the city was going to offer me a job, I went into The Salisbury on Leadenhall Street for a drink and something to eat. Mike the landlord was at the bar, pouring pints with one hand, making sandwiches with the other, and washing the glasses all at the same time—it's true, he really did seem to have three hands. He also seemed to know everyone, and greeted the regulars by name, getting their drinks ready with the question, "The usual today, is it?" I thought he looked kind of cool, he was doing what he did best, serving thirsty clients, and no one did it better. So I went up to him and asked him whether there was a job for me.6 Well, to cut a long story short, I started work in the pub one Friday lunch time. It was quite demanding work, but I liked it. People seemed to find me amusing and it made me feel better too. There was one middle-aged regular in a suit who always had a half of bitter and a ham and pickle sandwich, with the crusts cut off. When I saw Tony coming, I tried to have his lunch ready for him even before he asked. He was another one of those really nice people.7 If you ask me, spending money when you don't have any is dead easy. I began to think about how I'd spend my first month's wages. The flat where I was staying was expensive, and I just about had enough to cover the first month's substantial bills. But I calculated that there'dbe just enough money over to treat myself to something. Why not get a CD or maybe a plant to cheer up the flat? I thought.8 It was my birthday on pay day. Apart from Mike and Tony, I didn't have any friends in London. Seeing that I didn't have a boyfriend either, you can understand why I began to feel sorry for myself. So I ordered myself some flowers, and asked them to be sent with a little card, saying "With all my love Anon." The highlight of my birthday would be the confused look on the florist's eyes when he delivered them.9 Later that week, Tony came in as usual and sat down at the bar. "What's wrong with you? Where's that smile gone today?" I talked to him about... well, about pretty well everything, money, the master's, my birthday, the lot. He sympathized with me.10 Tony got up from his stool, and went over to talk to some of the others. Remember: The Salisbury is right in the heart of the city, so all the customers were in banking or insurance or the stock market. Next day he turned up with cheques to the value of £20,000. "This is a loan for you to set up your business. The only collateral you have is my trust in you that one day, you'll pay us back—if you can. And if you can't, too bad, that's the finance business for you. But I think you will."11 I didn't say anything for fear that I was going to cry. What were the odds on anyone being so nice?12 And the flowers? I redirected them to my mum, and they arrived for her on my birthday. She deserved them, don't you think?13 If you ask me, looking back after all these years, you only need one or two breaks in your life to succeed. The fact that the rest is hard work doesn't matter, it's still worth it.14 After a year working at The Salisbury, I got a place at the LSE, did my master's and found a job in an investment bank. I in vested the £20,000, and sold out before the 2008 crash.I paid back Tony and the other investors, with ten per cent annual interest, and set up my own firm. It exceeded all my expectations and is still a thriving business.15 Tony wrote me a thank-you note. He'd been in a car accident, and couldn't walk. The money I paid back would allow him to adapt his house so he could move around it in his wheelchair. This is what he wrote:16 "Thirty-five years in banking, and I've never made a better investment than the loan to you. You've repaid the money with interest, and my trust in you and your honesty 100-fold. If you ask me, investing in people gives the best return you can ever hope for."17 If you ask me, he's right. What do you think?依我看依我看，现实生活并没有人们想象的那么好。

Unit 1Never Give In, Never, Never, NeverWinston ChurchillAlmost a year has passed since I came down here at your Head Master's kind invitation in order to cheer myself and cheer the hearts of a few of my friends by singing some of our own songs. The ten months that have passed have seen very terrible catastrophic events in the world—ups and downs, misfortunes—but can anyone sitting here this afternoon, this October afternoon, not feel deeply thankful for what has happened in the time that has passed and for the very great improvement in the position of our country and of our home? Why, when I was here last time we were quite alone, desperately alone, and we had been so for five or six months. We were poorly armed. We are not so poorly armed today; but then we were very poorly armed. We had the unmeasured menace of the enemy and their air attack still beating upon us, and you yourselves had had experience of this attack; and I expect you are beginning to feel impatient that there has been this long lull with nothing particular turning up!But we must learn to be equally good at what is short and sharp and what is long and tough. It is generally said that the British are often better at the last. They do not expect to move from crisis to crisis; they do not always expect that each day will bring up some noble chance of war; but when they very slowly make up their minds that the thing has to be done and the job put through and finished, then, even if it takes months—if it takes years—they do it.Another lesson I think we may take, just throwing our minds back to our meeting here ten months ago and now, is that appearances are often very deceptive, and as Kipling well says, we must "... meet with Triumph and Disaster. And treat those two impostors just the same."You cannot tell from appearances how things will go. Sometimes imagination makes things out far worse than they are; yet without imagination not much can be done. Those people who are imaginative see many more dangers than perhaps exist; certainly many more will happen; but then they must also pray to be given that extra courage to carry this far-reaching imagination. But for everyone, surely, what we have gone through in this period—I am addressing myself to the school—surely from this period of ten months this is the lesson: never give in, never give in, never, never, never, never—in nothing, great or small, large or petty—never give in except to convictions of honour and goodsense. Never yield to force; never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy. We stood all alone a year ago, and to many countries it seemed that our account was closed, we were finished. All this tradition of ours, our songs, our school history, this part of the history of this country, were gone and finished and liquidated.Very different is the mood today. Britain, other nations thought, had drawn a sponge across her slate. But instead our country stood in the gap. There was no flinching and no thought of giving in; and by what seemed almost a miracle to those outside these islands, though we ourselves never doubted it, we now find ourselves in a position where I say that we can be sure that we have only to persevere to conquer.You sang here a verse of a school song: you sang that extra verse written in my honour, which I was very greatly complimented by and which you have repeated today. But there is one word in it I want to alter—I wanted to do so last year, but I did not venture to. It is the line: "Not less we praise in darker days."I have obtained the Head Master's permission to alter darker to sterner. "Not less we praise in sterner days."Do not let us speak of darker days: let us speak rather of sterner days. These are not dark days; these are great days—the greatest days our country has ever lived; and we must all thank God that we have been allowed, each of us according to our stations, to play a part in making these days memorable in the history of our race.绝不屈服，绝不，绝不，绝不温斯顿·丘吉尔1 将近一年前，应贵校校长盛情邀请，我来到这里唱了几首我们自己的歌曲，既为自己加油，也为一些朋友打气。

二、课文精解Text A1.Not only has man transferred various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions,he has also changed the shape and climate of his environment and transformed plants and animals.人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境，也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生转变。

句子的主干为:not only has man transferred…,he has also changed…and transformed…；本句采用not only...but also句型引导的并列句，前半句中not only 置于句首，所以使用了倒装结构。

transfer sb./sth.from…to…把某事物/某人从…调动、转移到…。

例：He was transferred from Weston Hospital to Frenchay.他从韦斯顿医院转院到了法兰查。

climate既可指“气候”，又可指“氛围”，例：a tropical climate热带气候。

a favorable climate of opinion有利的舆论氛围。

transform改变；改造。

与change，alter，convert的区别是：transform指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生的彻底变化，失去原状成为全新的东西。

change 指任何变化，完全改变，强调与原先的情况有明显的不同。

alter常指轻微的改变，强调基本上保持原物、原状的情况下所进行的部分改变。

convert指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。

也指信仰或态度时，强调较激烈、大的改变。

例：I believe she would transform me into a talker.我相信，她会把我这个沉默寡言的人变成个碎嘴子。

全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译《全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译》Unit 1: EducationText A: Is College the Best Option?大学是否是最佳选择？Part I: Text A in EnglishText A: Is College the Best Option?Nowadays, the decision to attend college or not is a topic of much debate. With the rising cost of tuition and the uncertainty of job prospects after graduation, many people are questioning whether college is truly the best option.On one hand, a college education has obvious benefits. It provides individuals with the opportunity to gain knowledge, develop critical thinking skills, and broaden their horizons. College also offers networking opportunities and the chance to meet people from diverse backgrounds, which can be valuable in the professional world. Additionally, many employers still consider a college degree as a minimum requirement for job applicants.On the other hand, the cost of college has skyrocketed in recent years. Tuition fees, accommodation expenses, and textbooks can easily accumulate into a significant financial burden. Moreover, there is no guarantee that a college degree will lead to a well-paying job. In today's competitive jobmarket, having a degree no longer guarantees a successful career. Many college graduates find themselves underemployed or in jobs that don't align with their educational background.Furthermore, alternative pathways such as vocational schools, apprenticeships, or entrepreneurship have proven to be successful for many individuals. These options often provide practical, hands-on training and immediate job placement. For those who have a clear career goal and are willing to put in the effort, skipping college and pursuing alternative paths can lead to quicker entry into the workforce and potential financial success.In conclusion, the decision to attend college or pursue alternative paths depends on individual circumstances and goals. While a college education offers numerous benefits, it is necessary to carefully consider the financial costs and job prospects in today's economy. Ultimately, success in any field requires a combination of education, skills, and determination, regardless of whether one obtains a college degree or not.Part II: Text A in Chinese (课文A：大学是否是最佳选择？)如今，是否上大学成为了一个备受争议的话题。

Unit 1Text AMan in the Realm of Nature‎人在自然界亚历山大·斯伯金人类生活在大‎自然的王国里‎。

他们时刻被大‎自然所包围并‎与之相互影响‎。

人类呼吸的空‎气、喝下的水和摄‎入的食物，无一不令人类‎时刻感知到大‎自然的影响。

我们与大自然‎血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生‎存。

人类不仅生活‎在大自然之中‎，同时也在改变‎着大自然。

人类把自然资‎源转变为各种‎文化，社会历史的财‎富。

人类降服并控‎制了电，迫使它为人类‎社会的利益服‎务。

人类不仅把各‎种各样的动植‎物转移到不同‎的气候环境，也改变了他生‎活环境的地貌‎和气候并使动‎植物因之而发‎生转变。

随着社会的发‎展，人类对大自然‎的直接依赖越‎来越少，而间接的依赖‎却越来越多。

我们远古的祖‎先生活在大自‎然的威胁及破‎坏力的恐惧之‎中，他们常常连基‎本的生活物资‎都无法获取。

然而，尽管工具不甚‎完备，他们却能同心‎协力，顽强工作，并总是有所收‎获。

在与人类的相‎互作用中，大自然也发生‎了改变。

森林被破坏了‎，耕地面积增加‎了。

大自然及其威‎力被看成是和‎人类敌对的东‎西。

譬如，森林被认为是‎野性的和令人‎恐惧的，因此人类便想‎方设法使其面‎积缩小。

这一切都是打‎着“文明”的旗号进行的‎，所谓“文明”，就是人类在哪‎里建立家园，耕耘土地，哪里的森林就‎被砍伐。

然而，随着岁月的流‎逝，人类越来越关‎注的是在何处‎得到和如何得‎到生产所需的‎不可替代的自‎然资源的问题‎。

科学与人类改‎变大自然的实‎践活动已经使‎人类意识到了‎工业在改变地‎球的进程中对‎地质产生的重‎大影响。

目前，人与自然以及‎自然与社会整‎体之间过去存‎在的动态平衡‎，已呈现崩溃的‎迹象。

生物圈中所谓‎可替代资源的‎问题变得极为‎尖锐。

人类和社会的‎需求，即便是简单得‎像淡水一样的‎物质，也变得越来越‎难以满足。

清除工业废物‎的问题也变得‎日益复杂。

U1人在自然界人类生活在大自然的王国里。

他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。

人类呼吸的空气、喝下的水和摄入的食物，无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然的影响。

我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。

人类不仅生活在大自然之中，同时也在改变着大自然。

人类把自然资源转变为各种文化，社会历史的财富。

人类降服并控制了电，迫使它为人类社会的利益服务。

人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境，也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生转变。

随着社会的发展，人类对大自然的直接依赖越来越少，而间接的依赖却越来越多。

我们远古的祖先生活在大自然的威胁及破坏力的恐惧之中，他们常常连基本的生活物资都无法获取。

然而，尽管工具不甚完备，他们却能同心协力，顽强工作，并总是有所收获。

在与人类的相互作用中，大自然也发生了改变。

森林被破坏了，耕地面积增加了。

大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌对的东西。

譬如，森林被认为是野性的和令人恐惧的，因此人类便想方设法使其面积缩小。

这一切都是打着“文明”的旗号进行的，所谓“文明”，就是人类在哪里建立家园，耕耘土地，哪里的森林就被砍伐。

然而，随着岁月的流逝，人类越来越关注的是在何处得到和如何得到生产所需的不可替代的自然资源的问题。

科学与人类改变大自然的实践活动已经使人类意识到了工业在改变地球的进程中对地质产生的重大影响。

目前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在的动态平衡，已呈现崩溃的迹象。

生物圈中所谓可替代资源的问题变得极为尖锐。

人类和社会的需求，即便是简单得像淡水一样的物质，也变得越来越难以满足。

清除工业废物的问题也变得日益复杂。

现代技术的特征是生产和使用日益丰富的人工合成产品。

人们生产成千上万的人工合成材料。

人们越来越多地用尼龙和其他人造纤维把自己从头到脚地包裹起来，这些绚丽的织物显然对他们无益。

年轻人或许很少注意到这一点，他们更关注的是外表，而不是健康。

但是上了年岁之后，他们就会感受到这种有害的影响。

全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译Unit 1 Text A: Fighting with the Forces of NatureAmong the forces of nature, wind and water are perhaps the two that have most effect on the land Wind and water, working together, are constantly changing the shape of the land Sometimes the wind blows very hard for a long time This is called a windstorm When a windstorm hits an area, it can cause a lot of damage It can blow away soil and destroy crops It can even destroy buildings and kill peopleWater also plays an important role in changing the land Rivers carry soil and sand from one place to another When the river slows down, the soil and sand are deposited Over time, this can form new land Sometimes a river can change its course This can cause problems for people who live near the riverPeople have always tried to control the forces of nature They have built dams to hold back water and prevent floods They have also planted trees to stop the wind from blowing away the soil But sometimes our efforts to control nature can have unexpected resultsFor example, when a dam is built, it may stop the flow of a river This can cause problems for fish and other animals that live in the river It can also change the climate of the area Sometimes our attempts to control nature can cause more harm than goodTranslation:在自然力量中，风和水也许是对陆地影响最大的两种力量。

Unit1They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, the many victories they enjoyed led them to believe that anything was possible, that nothing could stand in their way. Russia's icy defender was to prove them wrong.人道是骄兵必败。

就拿拿破仑和希特勒两人来说吧，他们所向披靡，便以为自己战无不胜，不可阻挡。

但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士证明他们错了。

The Icy DefenderNila B. Smith1 In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army into Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defending their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Moscow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow -- the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.冰雪卫士奈拉·B·史密斯1812年，法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率大军入侵俄罗斯。

他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而奋勇抵抗。

他准备好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进军首都莫斯科。

Key to book4 unit1-7Unit 1 Active reading (1)Looking for a job after university? First, get off the sofaReading and understandingDealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions or events (proceed)2 the process of changing from one situation, form or state to another (transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotional way (detached)4 referring to something which will happen soon (upcoming)5 to be sitting still in a position that is not upright (slump)6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving (revert)7 to say what happened (recount)4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.transition from a busy university student to an unemployed young adultIt isn’t easy to make the (1)(2) slumped on a bar stool or half watching a mindless television show, wondering if and how theircareer is going to (3) proceed. Many people who have experienced a long period of inactivity like this,when (4) recounting how they felt at the time, refer to the same strange psychological effect. As thedays pass, they begin to feel (5) detached from any sense of pressure to go and look for a job, and tendto regard (6) upcoming interviews as if they were not very important. Typically, back at home afterthree or four years away, they (7) revert to old habits, start seeing old friends, and, in many cases,become dependent again on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need tomake other changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London. (comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence. (cop)3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford? (aerial)4 Isabel tightly her bag as she walked down the corridor towards the office. (clutched)(advocate)5 You should speak to Toby; he’s an supporter of flexible working hours.(healed)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago, and it still hasn’t got better completely.6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with (a) exciting prospects, or (b) no future?2 Is a tricky problem (a) difficult, or (b) easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy, do you feel (a) tired, or (b) more active than usual?, or (b) help you by4 Does a pushy person try to (a) persuade you to do something you don’t want tolistening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy, do you want to (a) change the world, or (b) stay at home and do nothing?7 Answer the questions about the phrases.1 Is fork out (a) a formal, or (b) an informal way of saying to pay for something?2 If you are in the same boat as another person, are you (a) making the same journey together, or (b) in the same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle, do you (a) feel you are back where you started, or (b) feel a sense of satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone takes a soft line, do they deal with a person (a) in a kind and sympathetic way, or (b) in a lazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something, are you expressing yourself (a) well, or (b) badly?6 If you do something by all means, do you (a) try your best to do it, or (b) not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle, are you encouraging them to (a) take responsibility again, or (b) take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone, do you (a) examine it carefully and sensitively, or (b) refer to it quickly and then change the subject?Active reading (2)If you ask meDealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 funny or entertaining (amusing)2 used for emphasizing that something good has happened, especially because of good luck (fortunately)3 an amount of money that a person, business or country borrows, usually from a bank (loan)4 to take an amount or number from a total (deduct)5 the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event (highlight)(sympathize)6 to show that you understand someone’s problems7 needing a lot of time, ability, and energy (demanding)5 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.A After three years at university, I’m now quite heavily in debt.fortunately IB I (1) sympathize with you, I know what it’s like to have financial problems. But (2)didn’t need to take out a student (3) loan when I was at university, because I had a part-time job.A What did you do?B I worked in a restaurant at weekends.A That must have been very (4) demanding.B Yes, it was. I had to get the right balance between work and study. But the other people who worked there were good fun to be with, so it was quite (5) amusing too. The (6) highlight of the weekend was always Saturday night when we worked overtime.A But I don’t expect you made a lot of money?deducted tax and pension contributions. But it was enough B No, there wasn’t much after they’d (7)to keep me going.6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 When I was at college I kept all my personal things in an old cupboard.2 A lot of people who leave university before getting a degree end up in good jobs.3 I think she’ll get a good degree, but I wouldn’t risk my money on the exact result.4 The money I spent at college was more than what I earned in my part-time job.5 The chances of my being offered a job after that interview must be quite remote.6 Our business has done very well since we changed our advertising.7 I think telling the truth and not cheating is always the best policy.Key:(1) belongings (2) dropouts (3) gamble (4) exceeded (5) odds(6) has thrived (7) honesty7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions., is it (a) valid and interesting, or (b) just a little bit1 If something is not all it’s cracked up to bedisappointing?2 If someone keeps banging on about something, are you likely to be (a) interested in, or (b) bored by what they say?3 If there is a lot of hassle in your life, are you likely to feel (a) stressed, or (b) relaxed?4 If something happens out of the blue, is it (a) unexpected, or (b) part of your plan?5 If you say you ended up in a particular job, do you suggest that (a) you have fulfilled your ambition,or (b) it happened almost by chance?6 Are the regulars in a pub (a) the customers who come very often, or (b) the food the pub offers most often?7 If something is dead easy, is it (a) very easy, or (b) not easy at all?8 If you treat someone to something, do you (a) buy something nice for them, or (b) behave badly to them?9 If you cheer a place up, do you (a) make the place look brighter, or (b) make the people in the place happier?Reading and interpreting8 Look at the sentences from the passage and identify the style features.1 Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?This shows the informality of an incomplete sentence in the first part, the use of an informalexpression (banging on) and a rhetorical question to the reader (What do I find?)2 Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?) …　This has the use of an informal word (hassle), an informal exclamation (god) and a question to the reader (When will they grow up?)3 Actually, I had my eye on the course at the London School of Economics (LSE).Here there is a discourse marker typical of speech (Actually) and an informal phrase (had my eye on).4 I kind of understand it, and not just because my degree is in economics.Here “kind of” is a sort of discourse marker of informal speech (showing something is general,vague or not definite).5 I wanted something in finance and investments, because you know, maybe with a job like that, Icould use my degree.This has a discourse marker of informal speech (you know).6 ... it’s true, he really did seem to have three hands.Again here is a discourse marker of informal speech (it’s true).7 I talked to him about ... well, about pretty well everything …　This has another discourse marker of informal speech (well) and an informal phrase (pretty well).Language in useword formation: compound nouns1 Write the compound nouns which mean:1 a degree which is awarded a first class (a first-class degree)2 work in a hospital (hospital work)3 a ticket for a plane journey (a plane ticket)4 a discount for students (a student discount)5 a pass which allows you to travel on buses (a bus pass)6 a room where an interview is held (an interview room)7 a period spent in training (a training period)word formation: noun phrases2 Write the noun phrases which mean:1 a career which is rewarding from the financial point of view (a financially rewarding career)2 legislation which has been introduced recently (recently introduced legislation)3 instructions which are more complex than usual (unusually complex instructions)4 an institution which is orientated towards academic (academically orientated work)5 work which makes physical demands on you (physically demanding work)6 information which has the potential to be important (potentially important information)7 candidates who have been selected after a careful procedure (carefully selected candidates)8 a coursebook in which everything has been planned beautifully (a beautifully planned textbook)try as … might3 Rewrite the sentences using try as … might .1 I’m trying to fill this last page, but I just can’t think of anything.Try as I might to fill this last page, I just can’t think of anything.2 I try to be friendly with Marta, but she doesn’t seem to respond.Try as I might to be friendly with Marta, she doesn’t seem to respond.3 I try hard to get to sleep, but I can’t help thinking about my family.Try as I might to get to sleep, I can’t help thinking about my family.4 He just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves, even though he keeps trying.Try as he might, he just doesn’t seem to get the promotion he deserves. / Try as he might to get the promotion he deserves, he just doesn’t seem to get it.5 I keep trying to remember her name, but my mind is a blank.Try as I might to remember her name, my mind is a blank.given that …　4 Rewrite the sentences using given that …　1 Since I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.Given that I know several languages, I thought I would look for work abroad.2 Xiao Li has the best qualifications, so she should get the job.Given that Xiao Li has the best qualifications, she should get the job.3 Since we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.Given that we’re all here, I think it would be a good idea to get down to some work.4 Since it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.Given that it’s rather late, I think we should leave this last task until tomorrow.clauses introduced by than5 Rewrite the sentences using clauses introduced by than .1 She’s experienced at giving advice. I’m more experienced.She’s less experienced at giving advice than I am. / I’m more experienced at giving advice than sh is.2 You eat too much chocolate. It isn’t good for you.You eat too much chocolate than is good for you.3 She worked very hard. Most part-timers don’t work so hard.She worked harder than most part-timers do.4 You have arrived late too many times. That isn’t acceptable.You have arrived late more times than is acceptable.5 I don’t think you should have given so much personal information. It isn’t wise.I think you have given more personal information than is wise.collocations6 Read the explanations of the words. Answer the questions.1 highlight A highlight is the most exciting, impressive, or interesting part of an event.(a) What would you like to be the highlight of your career?I would like the highlight of my student career to be to receive a national award for the best studentresearch project.(b) How can you highlight an important sentence in a text?You can underline it in pencil or pen or you can use coloured pens or highlighters.(c) What are the edited highlights of a football match?The highlights are when someone scores a goal or prevents one from being scored.2 loan A loan is an amount of money someone borrows from someone else.(a) Have you ever taken out a loan?No, I haven’t. But my parents have taken out several loans to buy kitchen equipment.(b) What is the best way to pay off a loan?It is best to pay a loan off quickly, although you will still have to pay some interest.(c) If you have a library book on loan, what do you have to do with it?You have to return it before the date it is due, otherwise you may have to pay a fine.3 thrive To thrive means to be very successful, happy or healthy.(a) What sort of business thrives best in your part of the country?In my part of the country, light industries and electronics companies thrive.(b) Which sort of plants thrive in a hot climate?In a hot climate you can see tropical fruit and vegetables thrive and also tropical plants and trees.(c) Why do you think some couples thrive on conflict?It is difficult to understand why some couples thrive on conflict. Maybe each one wants to competewith the other or maybe they enjoy “kissing and making up” after the conflict.7 Translate the paragraphs into Chinese.If you ask me, real life is not all it’s cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life asstudents, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys,god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It’s just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wantsrepayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile billskeep coming in, a nd all that‘s before I‘ve had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me outof the blue, asking if I‘m interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won‘t even last till the （?翻译时可以根据上下文增译，即增加原文暗含了但没有直接表the year, let alone till I‘m 60.达出来的意思。

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全新版大学英语综合教程4课文原文及翻译Unit 1 Living and LearningText AWomen and TraditionIn the remote mountain villages of southwest China, it seems that time has stood still for centuries. The traditional way of life that has been passed down from generation to generation remains untouched by the modern world. Here, women are the family organizers, responsible for farming and family matters.Women plant and harvest crops, take care of livestock, cook for their families, and raise children. They are the pillars of their communities, responsible for preserving their cultural traditions. Despite the heavy workload, women in these villages take pride in their roles.Traditional gender roles in these communities paint a stark contrast to the modern world. However, as China rapidly develops, there is an evident shift happening. Young women are drifting away from their traditional roles, pursuing careers and education in larger cities. This shift has both positive and negative implications for these rural communities.On the one hand, women have more opportunities for personal growth and economic independence. By pursuing education and employment outside their villages, they can experience a different way of life and contribute to their families' financial stability. This newfound freedomallows women to break free from traditional constraints and explore their full potential.On the other hand, the departure of young women from these villages also means a loss of resources and skills. With fewer women available to handle the farming and household tasks, the burden falls heavily on the older generation. The young women who leave often find it hard to return due to the lack of job opportunities and limited access to modern amenities in their home villages.In conclusion, the traditional roles of women in remote Chinese villages are slowly changing as modernization takes over. While women now have more choices and freedom, this shift also brings challenges for the communities they leave behind. Balancing tradition and progress is a delicate task, and finding ways to preserve cultural heritage while embracing modernity is crucial.Unit 2 EducationText AA Day in the Life of a College StudentCollege life is an exciting and transformative period. As students pursue higher education, they experience a newfound sense of freedom and responsibility. Let's take a closer look at a typical day in the life of a college student.The day begins with the sound of the alarm clock buzzing. Time to wake up and start the day! After a quick shower and getting dressed, the studentheads to the cafeteria for breakfast. Fueling up with a hearty meal is essential to keep energy levels up throughout the day.Next, it's time for classes. The student attends various lectures, takes notes, and participates in discussions. The college curriculum covers a wide range of subjects, allowing students to explore their interests and discover new fields of study.After a morning of classes, it's time for a lunch break. The student grabs a quick bite to eat and maybe meets up with friends for some socializing. College is not just about academics but also about building lifelong friendships and connections.In the afternoon, the student might have some free time between classes. This is an opportunity to catch up on assignments, study, or engage in extracurricular activities. Many students join clubs or organizations to pursue their hobbies or develop leadership skills.As the day progresses, evening approaches. Some students have part-time jobs, while others use this time to relax or engage in recreational activities. It's important to find a balance between academics and personal well-being.Finally, it's time for dinner. Students gather at the dining hall or cook their own meals if they live off-campus. Sharing a meal with friends or roommates is a great way to unwind and recharge after a long day.After dinner, the student might have some more studying to do or attend a club meeting. However, it's essential to make time for rest and relaxation.Going to bed at a reasonable hour ensures that the student is well-rested for the next day's activities.In conclusion, a college student's day is a whirlwind of classes, socializing, and personal growth. Balancing academics with extracurricular activities and personal well-being is the key to a successful college experience. Embracing the opportunities presented during this time paves the way for a bright and promising future.这里提供3000字的两篇文章，分别是“Women and Tradition”和“A Day in the Life of a College Student”。