高考英语一轮复习精品语法学案 专题4 形容词与副词

高考英语一轮复习精品语法学案专题4 形容词与副词形容词与副词是高考考查的热点，高考英语中单项填空、完形填空、书面表达，任何一项题目中都有可能涉及形容词等级、辨析和在句中的位置。

关于形容词与副词这一考点，主要考查以下几个方面：在具体的语境中考查形容词词义辨析；考查形容词作状语；考查比较级的用法尤其是隐性比较；考查一些习语搭配；与形容词同形的副词和形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别；多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序等。

一、形容词、副词的主要功能1．形容词在句中主要作定语、表语和补语，但有时也作状语，表示伴随、原因等。

如：We find the boy considerate. (宾补)He walked in the snow, cold and hungry. (伴随状语)Afraid of difficulties, they took the easy road. (原因状语)2．副词作状语主要是用作修饰性状语、评注性状语及连接性状语。

其中后两种状语是现在考查的重点。

如：He spoke English fairly fluently. (修饰性状语)Fortunately, none of them was hurt. (评注性状语)His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind. (连接性状语)注意：(1) 形容词作状语是形容主语的性质，而副词作状语则修饰动词。

如：He walked home slowly. 他慢慢地步行回家了。

He arrived home, hungry and tired. 他到家时又累又饿。

(2) 有些副词像fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally 等作评注性状语往往修饰整个句子，对整个句子进行说明或解释，表示说话人对话语的态度与看法。

专题四须要变形的名词、形容词和副词第一讲名词Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·全国甲卷)However，Carson's theme is a more weighty warning (warn) about environmental destruction.解析：考查名词。

形容词weighty后接名词形式。

依据句中不定冠词a可知，此处用可数名词的单数形式。

故填warning。

2．(2024·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life，with 21st-century architectural wonders (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.解析：考查名词复数。

分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；依据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。

故填wonders。

3．(2024·浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing's long history as capital of China，almost every hutong has its stories，and some are even associated with historic events (event)．解析：考查名词复数。

event(事务)在此为可数名词，因historic 前面没有不定冠词，故event应用复数形式。

故填events。

4．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations (population) and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.解析：考查名词复数。

形容词与副词考点清单●一形容词的特征1.作定语一般位于被修饰词的前面a sunny day阳光明媚的一天 a kind person一个和蔼可亲的人a funny story一个滑稽可笑的故事classical music古典音乐2.作表语位于连系动词的后面Miss Green is very stric t.格林老师非常严格。

I am feeling lonely.我感到孤独。

I am very busy recently. 我最近很忙。

3.多数形容词有比较级和最高级a clever boy一个聪明的男孩a cleverer boy一个更聪明的男孩the cleverest boy最聪明的男孩[练全题点]单句语法填空1. The baby__________(sleep) is Mrs. Green's son.2. The house_______(fully) of smoke belongs to Mr. White.3. The man__________( responsibility) for the trip is handsome.4. He is the person_________(awareness) of the danger.5. The river is twenty metres_________(width).考点清单二形容词的基本用法及构成一、形容词的基本用法形容词在句中主要作定语、表语、补足语,有时也可以作状语、独立成分等。

1.作定语She is a pretty girl. 她是一个漂亮的女孩。

We should learn the advanced foreign experience.我们应该学习外国先进的经验。

特别点击有些形容词通常只放在名词前作定语。

live fish 活鱼outdoor activities 户外活动golden sunlight金色的阳光digital cameras数码相机minimum requirement最低要求the chief topic主要的话题2.作表语跟在连系动词be ,feel,get,turn, become ,prove,seem等后作表语。

专题四　形容词和副词[全国卷考情分析]题型分类典题试做命题解读语法填空1．(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)Evenworse(bad)，the amount of fastfood that people eat goes up.2．(2016年全国Ⅰ卷)The title will be officially(official) given to me at aceremony in London.1．考查形容词和副词的基本用法；2．考查形容词或副词比较等级的用法；3．考查词类转换。

短文改错1．(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)They often getup earlier→early and water thevegetables together.2．(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)Beside→Besides ，they oftenget some useful information fromthe Internet.1．形容词之间或形容词与副词的错用；2．形近引起的错用；3．比较等级的错用。

(对应学生用书第214页)形容词和副词的基本用法[先试做题组]单句语法填空1．(2017年吉林省实验中学模拟)They invited all the most experienced (experience)experts in this field to discuss and quite a few suggestions were put forward.2．(2017年湖南长沙六校联考)Surprisingly(surprise)，when I got home ，I found a wet U ．S.$20 bill stuck to the ground.3．(2017年郑州一中调研)They can also make their own special sounds to keep the story interesting(interest) and attractive.[再解读要点]1．形容词的基本用法(1)形容词在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语、主语补足语、状语等。

高中英语语法系统讲解之四形容词和副词形容词一. 形容词的语法功能形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态或特征。

在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语以及状语。

形容词前加定冠词the，相当于一个名词。

如He is a young Russian soldier. The film is interesting.He likes to paint the wall pink. Lucy came to the party, happy.The blind are taught how to do the work.温馨提示：1. 有些形容词通常作表语和补语，不能像普通形容词那样作前置定语，这样的形容词称为表语形容词。

如alive, alone, asleep, alike, afraid, awake, ashamed, able, sure, ill, worth 等；其作定语时后置。

2. 有些形容词只能作定语，不能作表语，这样的形容词称为定语形容词，如golden, wooden, silken,live, elder, former, latter, front, back, outer等二. 形容词的分类1. 性质形容词○1外观：long, strong, big, round, fat, beautiful, old等○2性质：good, clean, new, fresh, soft, excellent等○3颜色：red, black, green, blue, white, brown等○4情绪：happy, sad, sorry, nervous, anxious等○5性格：kind, cruel, honest, foolish, lazy, rude等○6状况：careful, blind, deaf, cheap, hungry等○7评论：great, true, necessary, difficult, wrong等2. 关系形容词○1地域：Chinese, American, Asian, Pacific等○2质料：wooden, golden, plastic, metallic等○3科技：electric, chemical, atomic, medical等○4意识：communist, social, political, religious等○5行业：industrial, agricultural, economic, military等三. 形容词在句中的位置1.单个形容词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之前；两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，同种类形容词的排列顺序一般应考虑以下两种情况：○1和被修饰的名词关系比较密切的形容词位置更靠近名词。

搞定形容词副词的基本用法基础知识回顾：1.adj 用来修饰N定语 a patient teacher表语He seems unhappy. be + adj宾语补足语You make me happy. Histories make men wise.2.adv. Ad加强verb加强动词He runs quickly.Adv修饰adj They’ll keep your child mentally and physically active.Adv + 句子Luckily, they still have some money.真题链接练习一：2013广东Nick’s guests, 5 had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.“But such a small thing couldn’t 8 ( possible ) destroy a village.”2023年新课标IISo, what are they learning? 63. __________(basic), how to describe a panda’s life.The Silk Road is a _______ (history) important international trade route between China and the eastem Mediterranean.It was ________ ( extreme) difficult to build such a wall in the ancient days without any modern machine.Women have ________ （remarkable）made progress in this particular area, and arguably have advantages over their malecolleagues.Cloning has bee _______ （value）in many medical applications and biological experiments.练习二：2015广东___17___ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day.2013广东________(Sudden), he 1 ( find ) that he had run out of salt.2023年新课标INo matter where I buy them, one steamer is 64. __________(rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 65. __________ (want) more next time.The main goal of the construction of the space station is to enable China to bee a country ______(independent) mastering the technology for longterm manned flight in near capability to carry out longterm manned scientific experiments in nearEarth space.3.高难度：Educational programs are (well / good)prepared. 被动语态：be done 副词修饰be + adv. + done注意区分：be + adjbe +adv + adjbe + adv + done4.词形变化单词总结：reason reasonable surprise surprising / surprised surprisinglyimportant—importance difficult—difficulty patient—patience different difference happy—happiness noise noisy latelately(later) long lengthhard / hardly变副词；terrible terribly possible possibly gentlegently simple simplywhole wholly fortable fortably2023年全国乙The 69. __________(remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world.搞定形容词副词的其他用法提升版：形容词副词的其他错误1.原级as...as..句型as ...as possible = as...as one can 尽可能真题链接：(2016年全国1 ) So, get an early start and try to be as productive__45__possible before lunch.This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling acplished.你还应该知道的as as短语as long as As long as you love meIt doesn’t matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop.as well as be similar to2.比较级最高级的错误如何变比较级和最高级：er est more beautiful / the most beautiful less least比较级标志：thanThe + 比较级，the+比较级结构(写作) The more money you make, the more you spend.The more I live, the younger I am.否定词+比较级=最高级最高级结构：(1)sb / sth is/are the 最高级______ that_______________.(写作)Li Hua is the stupidest name I’ve heard in my life.You are the most fascinating woman that I’ve met.(2)one of the _________ Ns常见比较级和最高级短语：at least to make matters worse What’s worse.真题链接：2010广东Nothing could be__9__ (sweet).Nothing is __________(important) than good health.Certainly, gaining wealth is much __________(important) than enjoying good health.One of __________________(popular)holidays in Japan is New Year's.2023年全国新课标III have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more fortable and 57. __________ (confidence) speaking English.The handmade cloth shoes are _______ （soft）, more durable（耐用的）and more fortable, and absorb sweat better.3.原级和比较级修饰词问题very+原级more构成比较级much修饰比较级very much不加在句中less构成比较级(little原级least最高级)so + 原级+ that真题链接：(2012广东) It might have made it a little __6____( hard ) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around ,but that didn’t stop the kids in the class.Scientists hope that these precautions will prevent any _______ （far）damage to the painting.The handmade cloth shoes are _______ （soft）, more durable（耐用的）and more fortable, and absorb sweat better.4.熟记以下单词annoyed annoying bored boring excited exciting frightened frightening depressed depressing interested interesting surprised surprising satisfying satisfiedpleased pleasing pleasant tired tiring5.加着ly的形容词：be likely to do lively lovely friendly lonely daily真题链接：(2016全国I)If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely__49__ (bring) your work home.6. 固定短语类：to make matters bad badworse7. 句型：感叹句状语从句That is too much for us considering how closely the houses are. closelyclose2015全国2 As __69__(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly__70__thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.8.特殊的存在：early / late2011广东One Sunday morning in August I went to local music festival. I left it early because I had an appointment__1__(late) that day.Doctors use it to learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the __________ (late) medical development.。

形容词和副司的基本用法1.形容词的作用用作定语，一般置于所修饰的名词之前；但当被修的名词是由不定代词one.no，any.some 和every构成的复合词，如anything，something时，通常放在所修饰的词后。

She is a beautiful girl.她是一个漂亮的女孩，和司I have something interesting to tell you.l我有一些有趣的事情要告诉你。

（2）用作表语，与连系动词be，grow，get，become，feel，appear，prove，seem，look，keep，smell，taste，sound，tum，remain等连用。

The desk is clean.这张桌子是干净的。

The weather is getting warmer and warmer，天气变得越来越暖和了。

（3）用作宾语补足语。

The news made everyone happy.这个消息让每个人都很高兴。

Ithink it very interesting.我认为它很有趣。

（4）与定冠阅连用表示某一类人或物，在句中可作主语或宾语。

The rich and the poor live very different lives.富人和穷人的生活极为不同特别提示：thetadj，指一类人，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式；the+adj.若指不别或插象概念，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，如The young are mostly ambitious.年轻人多单有雄心。

The departed was a good friend of his.死者是他的一位好朋友，（5）作状语，表示伴随状况，原因、结果等。

He went to bed，cold and hungry.他又冷又饿地上床睡觉了。

Mr White stared into the distance，specchless for a moenent.怀特先生凝视着远方，沉默了一会儿。

形容词和副词形容词可用于作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等；副词也可以作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。

一、形容词作定语时的位置大部分形容词作定语时放在所修饰的名词前面, 如a red bus, a beautiful park, cold weather等,但实际运用时须注意以下情况。

1.当多个的形容词修饰一个名词时应该注意形容词的一般排列顺序。

“限定词＋一般描绘性形容词＋表示大小、长短、高低的形容词＋表示形状的形容词＋表示年龄、新旧的形容词＋表示颜色的形容词＋表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词＋表示物质、材料的形容词＋表示用途、类别的形容词＋被修饰的名词”例如：his beautiful small round old brown French wooden writing table当然，在实际运用中用如此多的形容词修饰一个名词并不多见。

2.形容词修饰everything, something, anything, nothing时, 只能放在其后面。

如:Some farmers saw something strange in the sky.I’ve got something important to say.There is nothing interesting at all.3.else只能修饰疑问代词who, whom, whose, what和不定代词something, anything, nothing, somebody,someone, anybody, anyone和nobody, no one.而且只能放在其后。

如:Is there anything else you want to say?What else do you want?else与上述疑问代词和不定代词构成所有格时, 只能在else后加's, 而不能在疑问代词或不定代词后加's. 如说someone else's, 而不能说* someone’s else。