英语翻译练习
- 格式:doc
- 大小:50.00 KB
- 文档页数:4
1.你应当努力学习。
You should study hard.2 她昨天回家很晚。
She went home very late yesterday evening.3 那天早上我们谈了很多。
That morning we talked a great deal.4 会议将持续两个小时。
The meeting will last two hours.5 在过去的十年里,我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。
Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.6 这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.7 1919年,在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。
The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.8 每天八时开始上课。
Classes begin at eight every day.9 这个盒子重五公斤。
This box weighs five kilos.10 五年前我住在北京。
I lived in Beijing five years ago.11 爱丽丝很会游泳。
Alice swims very well.12 约翰的父亲昨晚去世了。
John’s father died last night.13 秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。
In autumn, some birds fly to the south.14 我的爷爷早晨起得很早。
My grandfather gets up early in the morning.15 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.基本句型汉译英练习主系表结构本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成,主要用以说明主语的特征,类属,状态,身份等。
英语翻译11、允许一部分人先富起来。
We encourage some people to get rich frist.2、他既不求名,又不求利。
He wants neither fame nor wealth.3、无论多么艰难,总之要尽你的力量去做。
However hard it may be ,try your best.4、没有调查就没有发言权。
He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.5、这倒不要紧。
After all this is not important.6、虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward.7、我们对问题要做全面分析,才能解决的妥当。
We must make a comprehensive analysis of problem before it can be properly solved.8、我们要提倡顾全大局的精神。
We should advocate the sprite of taking the whole situation into consideration.9、三个臭皮匠赛过诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.10、在党的领带下,中国人民已经完成了解放事业。
Under the leadership of the Party ,the Chinese people have succeeded in their liberation.11、活到老,学到老。
It is never too old to learn.12、采用这种新装置可以大大降低废品率。
The adoption of this new device will greatly cut down the percentage of defective products.13、古今中外,这种情况概莫能外。
英译汉200题1. 27个标成红色的题目,要重点复习.建议先看英语,尝试翻译,然后掌握不熟悉的单词意思,只要大概意思相同即可2.其余173题也要尽量掌握。
比较简单记忆,容易突击消化.考试4题20分,尽量拿满分.1. Wang Li’ s (人名有可能变化,4 月为:Tom' s) father has taught English here since he graduatedfrom Peking University.王丽的父亲从北京大学毕业后就一直在这里教英语。
give this book to whoever comes first.请把这本书给最先来的人。
it was late, they kept on working.尽管已经很晚了,他们还在继续工作。
4.Apples here like water and sunshine.这里的苹果喜欢水和阳光。
5.Tom (人名有可能变化或 Fred)was such a hardworking student that he soon came out first in the class. 汤姆是一个学习十分用功的学生,以至于不久他就成了班里学习最好的学生。
and William have lived under the same roof for five years,泰德和威廉已经在同—个屋檐下生活了五年了。
7. A lot of natural resources in the mountain area are to be exploited and used. 那个山区有许多自然资源有待于开发利用。
8.In Foreign Languages Department, a checking machine is used to correct the students’ test papers. 外语系用阅卷机给学生批卷。
解析英语翻译练习50题1. 我每天早上七点起床。
A. I get up at seven o'clock every morning.B. I gets up at seven o'clock every morning.C. I got up at seven o'clock every morning.D. I'm get up at seven o'clock every morning.答案:A。
解析:“起床”用“get up”,主语是I,不是第三人称单数,所以不用gets,排除B 选项。
“每天早上”是一般现在时的时间状语,C 选项是一般过去时,不符合。
D 选项“am get up”这种表达是错误的,所以选A。
容易出错的地方是动词形式的使用。
2. 我正在看电视。
A. I'm watching TV.B. I watch TV.C. I watched TV.D. I will watch TV.答案:A。
解析:“正在看电视”要用现在进行时,结构是“be + 动词的现在分词”,A 选项符合。
B 选项是一般现在时,C 选项是一般过去时,D 选项是一般将来时,都不符合“正在”这个意思。
容易出错的是时态的判断。
3. 她经常在周末去购物。
A. She often goes shopping on weekends.B. She often go shopping on weekends.C. She often going shopping on weekends.D. She often is going shopping on weekends.答案:A。
解析:主语she 是第三人称单数,动词要用goes,B 选项错误。
C 选项going 不能单独作谓语,D 选项“is going”是现在进行时,不符合“经常”的意思。
容易出错的是第三人称单数动词的变化。
(英语)英语翻译练习题20篇含解析一、高中英语翻译1.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。
(visit)2.街头艺术家运用创意将鲜艳明亮的色彩带进了老社区。
(bring)3.在你生命中,如果有一个人你需要对他说对不起,那么就去向他道歉吧。
(apology)4.这个游戏的独特之处在于它让孩子学会如何应对现实生活中的问题。
(what)5.申请材料需要精心准备,这样你心仪的学校才会对你的能力有全面、准确地了解。
(in order that)【答案】1.Delicious food is one of the pleasures when people visit Shanghai.2.Street artists bring bright and vivid colors into older neighborhoods with originality3.If there is someone to whom you need say sorry in your life, make an apology to him. 4.What makes this game peculiar lies in that it teaches kids how to handle the problems in real life.5.The applications should be carefully prepared in order that the school you like can have an overall and accurate knowledge of your abilities.【解析】【分析】1.本句重点考察两个知识点。
英语翻译练习题20篇一、高中英语翻译1.高中英语翻译题:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.这个专家所推荐的方法被证明是十分有效的。
(prove)2.对国家来说,保护生态环境和保持经济增长同样重要。
(as...as)3.如果有朝一日,学生能亲自参与到课程开发中,那该有多棒啊!(involve)4.这本新发行的杂志不仅会影响青少年对时尚的看法,还会开启健康饮食的新潮流。
(Not only)【答案】1.The method recommended by the expert proved (to be) very effective.2.For/To a country, protecting the environment is as important as maintaining economic growth. 3.How great it is if one day students can be involved in the development of courses on their own.4.Not only will the newly-released magazine influence teenager's opinions on fashion, but also it will start a new trend towards a healthy diet.【解析】【分析】本题考查翻译句子,注意按括号内的要求翻译。
1.考查非谓语动词和prove的用法。
The method 与recommend之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动,用过去分词作后置定语,prove用作连系动词,prove(to be)+adj表示“(被)证明是……的”,语境表明事情发生在过去,应该用一般过去时,故翻译为:The method recommended by the expert proved (to be) very effective2.考查非谓语动词和as...as的用法。
【英语】英语翻译练习题20篇一、高中英语翻译1.高中英语翻译题:Translation: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性?(motivate)2.网上支付方便了客户,但是牺牲了他们的隐私。
(at the cost of)3.让我的父母非常满意的是,从这个公寓的餐厅可以俯视街对面的世纪公园,从起居室也可以。
(so)4.博物馆疏于管理,展品积灰,门厅冷落,急需改善。
(whose)【答案】1.What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang’s enthusiasm/ initiative to major in electronic engineering?2.Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy.3.To my parents’ satisfaction, the di ning room of this apartment overlooks the Century Park opposite the street and so it is with the sitting room.或者What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room.4.This museum is not well managed, whose exhibits are covered with dust, and there are few visitors, so everything is badly in need of improvement.或The museum whose management is reckless, whose exhibits are piled with dust and whose lobby is deserted, requires immediate improvement.【解析】1.motivate sb to do sth 激发某人做某事,on earth究竟,major in 以…为专业,enthusiasm/ initiative热情/积极性,故翻译为What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang’s enthusiasm/ initiative to major in electronic engineering?2.online payment网上支付,brings convenience to给…带来方便,at the cost of以…为代价,privacy隐私,故翻译为Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy.3.To my parents’ satisfaction令我父母满意的是,后者也那样so it is with。
英语翻译的小练习1. 我的朋友经常向我抱怨她丈夫下班回家很晚。
(complain)所给词用法:complain to sb. about sth./ complain to sb. that 从句向某人抱怨…短语:下班回家 come (back) home/return home from workKeys:from work very late.2. 我妹妹生了个长得正像她的女孩。
(birth)所给词用法:give birth to sb. 生育主干句:妹妹生女孩从句:定语从句短语:长得像某人 look like sb.Keys: My sister gave birth to a girl who looked just like her.3. 由于管理不善,这家公司陷入了财政困难。
(fall)所给词用法:fall into… 陷入(…的境况)短语:1) 由于 due to/ because of/ owing to2) 管理不善 a poor management3) 财政困难 financial difficultiesKeys:This company fell into financial difficulties due to the poor management.4. 他们非常重视这项方案,因此,他们派出了一些专家去监测它。
(put valueon; monitor)所给词用法:put value on重视…; monitor sth. 监测…句式结构:两个并列句,要用and连接,或用“分号”,或用“句号”。
短语:因此 as a result; thereforeKeys:sent several experts to monitor it.5. 过去,人们用动物的毛和皮去换取他们所需的货物。
(exchange) 所给词用法:exchange A for B 用A来换B从句:定语从句Keys: In the past, people exchanged animals’ furs and skins for the goods they needed.6. 人们广泛认为广告在很大程度上促进了世界经济的发展(recognize,drive)所给词用法:It is widely recognized that… 人们广泛认为…drive sth. 促进…短语:在很大程度上to a great extent世界经济的发展 the development of the world/global economyKeys: It is widely recognized that advertising has driven the development of the global economy to a great extent.7. 不要想当然认为你会成功。
翻译练习翻译练习1. Female students constitute the majority of our class. .(相比之下,他们班全由男生组成)(相比之下,他们班全由男生组成)2.As our time was running out, we drove even faster (希望能够准时赶到机场). 3.(这些问题连续不断地出现)suggests that our plan should be adjusted. 4.In his recently written autobiography, (他把自己的成功归功于父母的鼓励). 5.(我们现在必须唤醒人们认识到环保的重要性),or it would be too late. 6.If he had known this would happen, (他当初也许会以不同方式行事). 7.(只要你一直努力工作),you will recall your past with satisfaction. 8.Every mother is proud of her child and (父亲也一样). 9.No one knows exactly (信息高速路的发展将把我们带往何处). 10.(他刚到家)when it started raining. 11.If I had remembered to close the window, (小偷就不会进来)(小偷就不会进来)12. I’ll never forget (第一次和你见面)(第一次和你见面). 13.Mary rushed into the room, (抱着一个大纸箱). 14.A minute ago the old lady (撕开信封)with great excitement. 15.My washing machine broke down this morning. (我打算明天把它送去修理). 16.The report said that the sample water had too much lead in it, (可能对我们的健康有害). 17.(信已经写完了)by the time you come back. 18.(尽管不富裕),they feel quite satisfied with their standard of living condition. 19.(我以前常去看电影),but I never get the time now. 20.The pictures make (孩子们理解文字更容易)(孩子们理解文字更容易). 21.(既然你们明天才走),we can have dinner together to night. 22. In terms of experience, Mr. Green has the right stuff for the work, (但目前他的健康状况不佳). 23.(地震的破坏非常严重)that the city took decades to recover. 24.The speaker, (以精彩的演讲而闻名), was warmly received by the audience. 25.By the time you get to Greenwich (你会看到伦敦最古老的部分). 26. (那天已经不远了)modern communication becomes widespread in China s countryside. 27. (我以前从没见过任何人)who has the skill John has when it comes to repairing cars. 28.The second book was (完成)by this March, but two months later, the end was still nowhere in sight. 29.He set out again on his journey around the world, (尽管他的朋友们劝他不要去). 30.(学生不喜欢传统课堂的原因之一)is that students are seldom allowed to express their ideas in a traditional classroom. 31.The supermarket sells various kinds of things, (从衣物食品到电脑游戏)(从衣物食品到电脑游戏)32.The new type of machine has been put in service, (让我们年底完成工程成为可能)(让我们年底完成工程成为可能)33. It is true that humans have an extraordinary genius for working wonders, but (污染仍是当前及未来最严重的问题之一)及未来最严重的问题之一)34. It is true that the world faces problems of pollution, but (这个问题可以通过全球的努力加以控制)以控制)35.(在任何一个存在种族歧视的社会里), there will always be tension.36.Some people say that in the next 30 years the population of Antarctica will grow steadily, (印度也同样)(印度也同样)37. Someday, perhaps, (科学家能够准确地预报地震)(科学家能够准确地预报地震)38.(整夜他清醒地躺在床上)worrying about his financial problems.39.It is widely accepted that (社会的整个结构都依赖于相互信任)(社会的整个结构都依赖于相互信任)40. By six thirty every morning, (操场上满是晨练的学生)(操场上满是晨练的学生)41.For some reason, she was not well prepared for the test. But (她是个诚实的女孩),she would not cheat on an exam. 42.(无论你怎样看他),there is no reason to suspect him of doing this deliberately. 43.You have neglected your work for too long and (你不可能在一周内赶上来). 44.(位于伦敦西北),Oxford University is noted far and wide for its academic excellence. 45.This medical research (目的在于找出治疗遗传性血液病的新方法)(目的在于找出治疗遗传性血液病的新方法)because the drugs now in use cannot cure these complicated diseases. 46.(当被问及对这次试题的感觉), nearly all students in this class said it was too difficult. 47.During 47.During her her her school school school days, days, (她经常学习到很晚)because because she she she wanted wanted wanted to to to be be be qualified qualified qualified for for for the the scholarship. 48. A mature man is one (善于把失败转化为成功). 49.The little girl was alert to every sound in the house (因为她被那部恐怖电影吓倒了). 50.Some construction workers (偶然发现一些古币)(偶然发现一些古币)that were made in the 9th century. 1.【答案】By By contrast, contrast, contrast, their their their class class class is is is made made made up up up of of of male male male students students students only.only.或By By contrast, contrast, contrast, only only only male male students constitute their class. 【解析】本题的主要考点在于固定搭配。
翻译英语练习题在学习英语的过程中,进行一些翻译英语练习题可以有效地提升语言能力和语法掌握。
下面是一些翻译英语练习题,供大家练习和参考。
练习一:中英互译1. 我们每天都要学英语。
2. How do you say “大象” in English?3. She is wearing a red dress today.4. Translation is not an easy task.5. I want to go to the park tomorrow.练习二:句子翻译1. 我的家乡是一个美丽的海滨城市。
2. Tom正在学习如何弹吉他。
3. 那部电影非常有趣,你一定要看看。
4. 他们每天都会锻炼身体。
5. 我喜欢读书,因为它可以扩大我的知识面。
练习三:翻译短文请根据以下中文短文的意思,将其翻译为英文。
李华是一名中国学生,他正在学习英语。
他每天都会花很多时间练习听、说、读、写。
他最喜欢读英语小说,因为通过阅读他可以了解到不同的文化和思维方式。
他也喜欢看英语电影和听英语音乐,这样可以帮助他提高听力和口语表达能力。
李华还参加了一个英语角活动,和其他外国人交流,提高自己的语言交际能力。
他相信只要坚持不懈,他的英语水平一定会提高。
练习四:句子改错请根据下列句子的中文意思,将其翻译成正确的英文。
1. 昨天我去了一家好餐厅,吃了一顿好吃的晚餐。
2. 我最好的朋友每天帮我学习英语。
3. 她们正在商量下个月去哪个国家旅行。
4. 他们希望买一台新电脑,但是他们没有足够的钱。
5. 这是我最喜欢的一本书,我已经读了三遍了。
练习五:翻译文章请将以下中文文章翻译成英文。
我是一个来自中国的学生。
我正在学习英语,希望能够流利地与其他国家的人交流。
学习英语对我来说并不容易,但是我坚持不懈地努力着。
每天,我都会听英语音乐、看英语电影、读英语小说,通过不断地接触英语,我渐渐地提高了自己的听力和阅读能力。
我还参加了英语角活动,这样我能够和其他人用英语交流,提高口语表达能力。
《中国古代社会与文化综合教程》1-5单元翻译练习Unit 11. 远古时代,四根擎天大柱倾倒,九州大地裂毁,天不能覆盖整个大地,大地也无法承载万物,大火蔓延不熄,洪水泛滥不止,猛兽吞食善良的百姓。
这时,女娲冶炼五色石来修补苍天裂隙。
她砍断海中巨鳌的脚来做撑起四方的天柱,杀死黑龙来拯救百姓,堆积芦灰以抵御洪水。
女娲的丰功伟绩,造福上天和大地,名声流传后世。
(145 words)2. 根据传说,伏羲生于中国西部,出生之前在其母腹中孕育了12年。
伏羲教会了人类打猎、捕鱼、驯养野兽、饲养家禽。
伏羲还教会人们劈柴取火和烹煮食物;他还通过龟背上的裂纹创立了八卦(Eight Trigrams),这些八卦成为数学、医学、占卜学(divination) 和风水(geomancy)的基础。
此外,伏羲创造了中华民族的图腾(totem)龙,他被认为是中国历史上第一个真正的统治者。
(149 words)Unit 21. 儒家思想基本上是一个人文体系,注重人和社会结构,而道家则提倡自然,与道和谐共处。
尽管老子和孔子之间有分歧,道家和儒家对于人、社会和宇宙却有着共同的看法,虽然这些理念早已存在。
儒家和道家思想在中国并存了2000多年, 他们作为精神向导引领中国经历了漫长历史上的高峰和低谷。
两者后来都被赋予了宗教色彩。
(144 words)2. 中国哲学有着几千年的历史,其起源可以追溯到《易经》,其中涉及到一些最重要的中国哲学概念。
一直以来中国哲学的核心就是对人与社会的现实关注、如何过理想的生活,以及如何去组织社会。
中国哲学的另一个特征是反映了自然和自我,因而产生了天人合一、人在天地之间的位置,以及对差异(differentiation)和变化的阐释。
(141 words)Unit 31.中国古代的杰出文学遗产之一就是唐诗。
那个时期的诗歌含有广泛的题材。
有些诗歌反映了当时社会状况和矛盾,揭示了封建社会的黑暗;有些诗歌歌颂正义的战争,抒发爱国主义情怀;有些诗歌描绘了故乡的美景。
唐诗的形式和风格是丰富多彩和具有创意的。
唐诗的产生和成熟使得古代诗歌的艺术特点达到了前所未有的水平,时至今日仍为人所推崇。
(156字)2. 《红楼梦》(A Dream of the Red Mansions)是中国文学“四大名著”之一。
它写于18世纪中叶,被认为是中国文学中的杰作(masterpiece)以及中国小说史上的顶峰。
该书的非凡之处不仅是它的情节和人物塑造(characterization),同时也在于它对当时生活和社会结构的精确而又细致的描述。
几个世纪以来,小说中的许多词句已经融入了中国人的日常语言,可见该书经久不衰的魅力。
(149 words)Unit 41. 孔子既是教育家又是哲学家。
他的思想和理论影响着人们的伦理、道德、生活等方方面面。
孔子思想的特征之一是他十分强调教育与学习。
在思与学的关系上,他推崇学思并重的主张,认为,“学而不思则罔,思而不学则殆。
”同时他认为对学生应该因材施教,教师应该引导学生积极思考。
他常常提出问题,引经据典,或巧妙使用类比(analogy),启发学生自己得出结论。
(160 words)2. 中国古代教育在中国文化中起着举足轻重的作用。
中国古代教育最早可以追溯到周朝中后期诸子百家的教育思想。
古代中国的教育给人们提供了平等的发展机会,即使出身贫寒的人也有可能走上仕途。
春秋时期,伟大的教育家孔子打破“学在官府”的陈规。
私人学堂盛行。
不同的学派通过学堂传播他们的思想主张,出现了百家争鸣的局面。
(152 words)Unit 51. 印刷术是中国历史上最重要的发明之一。
在晋朝,随着纸墨的发明,印章逐渐盛行,并演化为木刻版印刷(Block Printing)。
但木刻印刷成本高又耗时,因为每块刻好的印版只能用于一本书特定的一页,且一个雕刻错误就会毁掉整块印版。
宋朝时期,一位名叫毕昇的人将单独的汉字刻在相同大小的细黏土块上,并在火中将其烧结变硬。
这样一来,每个汉字都可以根据印刷需要组合、分解。
这就是活字印刷术(Movable Type Printing)。
(173 words)2. 徐光启(1562年~1633年)是中国明朝的数学家和农业科学家。
他身为政府高官,最早将西方科技成就引入中国,也是明朝末年最早信奉天主教(Catholicism)的文人。
徐光启撰写了《农政全书》(Complete Treatise on Agriculture)这部农业百科全书(encyclopedia)。
该书基本上囊括了诸如农田灌溉、农具制作、植树放牧及生产养蚕等古代农业生产和人民生活的各个方面。
(145 words)《中国古代社会与文化综合教程》1-5单元翻译练习参考答案Unit 11.【译文】In ancient times, the four corners of the sky collapsed and the world with its nine regions split open. The sky could not cover the whole earth, nor could the earth carry all the things on it. A great fire raged and would not die out; a fierce flood raced about and could not be checked. Savage beasts devoured innocent people. Then Nuwa melted rocks of five colors to mend the cracks in the sky. She supported the four corners of the sky with the legs she had cut off from a giant turtle. She killed the black dragon to save the people and blocked the flood with the ashes of reeds. Nuwa’s deeds benefited the heavens above and the Earth below. Her name was remembered by later generations. (129 words)2.【译文】According to legend, Fuxi was born in the west part of China. He was carried in his mother’s womb for twelve years bef ore birth. He taught people how to hunt, fish, tame animals and breed their fowls. He also taught people how to split wood, kindle/light a fire and cook food. He devised the Eight Trigrams, which was based upon markings on tortoise shells. These trigrams served as the basis for later development of mathematics, medicine, divination and geomancy. Furthermore, he created the Chinese dragon as the totem of the nation and he was considered as the first real ruler.(101 words)Unit 21. 【译文】Confucianism is basically a humanistic system focusing on human beings and the social structure, while Taoism advocates being natural and living in harmony with the Tao. Regardless of the disagreements between Lao-tzu and Confucius, Taoism and Confucianism share common beliefs about man, society, and the universe, although these notions were around long before either philosophy. Confucianism and Taoism have existed simultaneously in China for well over 2,000years, serving as spiritual guides and leading China through the peaks and valleys of its vast history. Both later took on religious overtones. (90 words)2.【译文】Chinese philosophy has a history of several thousand years; its origins are often traced back to the I Ching (the Book of Changes), which introduced some of the most fundamental terms of Chinese philosophy. The central focus of Chinese philosophy throughout the ages has been a practical concern with man and society, how to live an ideal life, and how best to organize society. Another characteristic of Chinese philosophy has been reflections on nature and the self, which has resulted in the development of themes like unity between man and Heaven, the place of man in the cosmic (宇宙的)order, and the explanations of differentiation(差异)and change. (115 words)Unit 31.【译文】One of the excellent literature heritages of ancient China is the Tang poetry. Poetry during that period contains a wide range of themes. Some reflect the social situations and conflicts at that time and reveal the darkness of feudal society; some sing the praises of just wars and express patriotic thought; some depict the beauty of the homeland. The form and style of Tang poetry are colorful and creative. The creation and maturation of the Tang poetry pushes the artistic features of ancient verse up to an unprecedented level, which is still favored by people today. (96 words)2.【译文】A Dream of the Red Mansions is one of the “Four Great Classical Novels” of Chinese literature. It was written in the middle of the 18th century and considered as a masterpiece of Chinese literature as well as the peak of Chinese fiction. It is remarkable for not only its plot and characterization(角色塑造), but also its precise and detailed description of the life and social structures of that time. For centuries, a huge number of words and expressions from the novel have already been incorporated into the daily language of Chinese people, which demonstrates the ever-lasting charm of the book. (107 words)Unit 41.【译文】Confucius was an educator as well as a philosopher. His thoughts and theories had impact on people in many aspects such as ethics, moral principles and rules of life. One of the features of Confucius’ thoughts is his emphasis on education and learning. In the relationship between learning and thinking, he favored the idea that learning and thinking were equally important,believing that, “Learning without thought is labor lost; thought without learning is perilous/dangerous.” He also believed that students should be taught according to their aptitude and teachers should inspire their thinking. He often posed questions, cited passages from the classics, or elicited answers from his students by way of clever analogy. (113 words)2.【译文】Ancient Chinese education played a vital role in ancient Chinese culture. The origin of ancient Chinese education dates back to the educational ideas o f the “Hundred Schools of Thought” in the middle and late Zhou Dynasty. It provided people with equal chance s for development. Individuals from even the humblest backgrounds could become high-ranking government officials. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius, the great educator, broke therule of learning at the government hall. Private schools prevailed(流行,盛行)and many scholars of different schools of thought spread their teaching in this way and this led to the flourishing and contending of hundreds of schools. (110 words)Unit 51.【译文】Printing is one of the most important inventions in Chinese history. During the Jin Dynasty, with the invention of paper and ink, stamping gradually became popular and developed into Block Printing. But Block Printing is costly and time-consuming, for each carved block could only be used for a specific page of a particular book and a single mistake in carving could ruin the whole block. In the Song Dynasty, a man named Bi Sheng carved individual characters on identical pieces of fine clay and had them hardened by fire. Therefore,every character could be assembled and detached as needed. This is known as Movable Type Printing. (107 words)2.【译文】Xu Guangqi (1562-1633) was a Chinese mathematician and agricultural scientist in the Ming Dynasty. As a top official, Xu was perceived as a pioneer introducing Western scientific achievements in China and also the first intellectual believer in Catholicism (天主教) in the late Ming Dynasty. Xu compiled Complete Treatise on Agriculture《农政全书》, an agricultural encyclopedia(百科全书). The book basically includes all the subjects concerned about various domains in the life and agricultural production of ancient Chinese people, such as farmland irrigation(灌溉), farm tools making, planting trees, herding, manufacturing, and silkworm breeding (养蚕). (111 words)。