2018年考研北京师范大学学科教学(英语)专业真题回忆(866)

2018年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷报考专业教育学硕士考试科目及代码教育综合333一、名词解释（每题10分，共40分）1.全民教育思潮2.有教无类3.隐性课程4.全纳教育二、简答题（每题15分，共60分）1.简述斯宾塞生活准备说的主要观点。

2.简述韩愈关于教师问题的主要见解。

3.简述我国中小学教师教学方法的内涵及类型。

4.简述我国中小学教师职业道德素养的主要内容。

三、论述题（每题25分，共50分）1.一小学学校校长说：搞学校教育就没法搞德育，请你从学校教育和德育之间的关系来讨论讨论，谈谈你的看法。

2.有位老师学习了现代教育学的理论，就开始逐步将所学的知识运用到时间当中去。

他发明了一种成功教学方法，当他在课堂上提问的时候，有个学生回答出来，老师就鼓励他，让他坐下；如果有一同学回答不上来，老师先让他站一会，先不要坐下。

等下次他回答上来再坐下。

这位老师运行了一段时间，但是发现教学效果并没有取得良好的效果，相反学生的学习积极性都没有以前高了，这位老师很无解。

（大致意思是这样，回忆整理版，部分词语不够严谨）（1）请结合强化理论，分析这位教师做法中的问题。

（2）请给出改进措施的建议。

2017年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷报考专业教育学硕士考试科目及代码教育综合333一、选择填空（每小题2分，共30分）把书名，理论思想，选择对应的人名（如赫尔巴特、陶行知、陈鹤琴等，都是中外教育史上相当重要的人物）二、名词解释（每小题5分，共20分）1、操作性条件反射2、艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线3、班级授课制4、双轨制三、简答题（每小题10分，共40分）1、影响学习迁移的因素2、赞可夫发展性教学原则3、评述癸卯学制4、评述我国基本学制四、材料分析（每小题20分，共60分）1、用自我效能感理论分析材料（小迪本来非常聪明但后来因家庭不幸而学习成绩下降，并且自己认为自己没有希望了，后来其老师了解了他的情况之后，给予了他很大鼓励。

小迪受到鼓舞便发奋学习，终于有了很高成就。

2018年首都师范大学876英语学科教学考研真题及标准答案2018骞撮閮藉笀鑼冨ぇ瀛?76鑻辫瀛︾鏁欏鑰冪爺鐪熼(鎬诲垎锛?50.00锛屽仛棰樻椂闂达細180鍒嗛挓)涓€銆佸畾涔夐(鎬婚鏁帮細5锛屽垎鏁帮細40.00)1.Cognitive Style锛堝垎鏁帮細8.00锛?/p>________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 姝ｇ‘绛旀锛?Cognitive style or "hinking style" is a concept used in cognitive psychology to describe the way individuals think, perceive and remember information. Messick calls them "habitual modes of information processing". In the language-learning field, some of the most interesting is field independence. That is some individual seem more able than others to extract things from the context in which they are met, and to see them as separate entities. People who can do this easily are said to be 'field independent' , while those who don't are 'field dependent'.)瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>2.Monitor Hypothesis锛堝垎鏁帮細8.00锛?/p>________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 姝ｇ‘绛旀锛?The monitor hypothesis, complements the acquisition-learning hypothesis by claiming that the only function of learning within second language acquisition is as an editor, or Monitor, for language use produced by the acquired system as well as to produce grammatical forms not yet acquired. The Monitor allows a language user to alter the form of an utterance either prior to production by consciously applying learned rules or afterproduction via self-correction. In other words, the learned system monitors the output of the acquired system.)瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>3.Audiolingualism锛堝垎鏁帮細8.00锛?/p>________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 姝ｇ‘绛旀锛?It means that the instructor would present the correct model of a sentence and the students would have to repeat it. The teacher would then continue by presenting new words for the students to sample in the same structure. In audio-lingualism, there is no explicit grammar instruction: everything is simply memorized in form. The idea is for the students topractice the particular construct until they can use it spontaneously. The lessons are built on static drills in which the students have little or no control on their own output; the teacher is expecting a particular response and not providing the desired response willresult in a student receiving negative feedback.)瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>4.Multiple Intelligence锛堝垎鏁帮細8.00锛?/p>________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 姝ｇ‘绛旀锛?According to Gardner, intelligence does not exist in one single form like IQ. It is notst atic either. In other words, people‘s intelligences can exist in many different forms and can develop and be developed over a life time. For example verbal/linguistic intelligence refers to the ability to use words effectively, both orally and in writing. Sampleskills are remembering information, convincing others to help, and talking about language itself. Musical intelligence sensitivity refers to rhythm, pitch, and melody. Sample skills are recognizing simple songs and being able to vary speed, tempo, and rhythm in simple melodies.)瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>5.Structural Linguistics锛堝垎鏁帮細8.00锛?/p>________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 姝ｇ‘绛旀锛?Structural linguistics is an approach to linguistics originating from the work of Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure and is part of the overall approach of structuralism. Structural linguistics involves collecting a corpus of utterances and then attempting to classify all of the elements of the corpus at their different linguistic levels: the phonemes, morphemes, lexical categories, noun phrases, verb phrases, and sentence types.)瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>浜屻€佺畝绛旈(鎬婚鏁帮細4锛屽垎鏁帮細60.00)6.Analyze teacher role(s) in Total Physical Response.锛堝垎鏁帮細15.00锛?/p>________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 姝ｇ‘绛旀锛?Total physical response (TPR) is a language teaching method developed by James Asher. It is based on the coordination of language and physical movement. In TPR, Teachers as instructors give commands to students in the target language with body movements, and students respond with whole-body actions. The method is an example of the comprehension approach tolanguage teaching. The listening and responding (with actions) serves two purposes: It is a means of quickly recognizing meaning in the language being learned, and a means of passively learning the structure of the language itself. Grammar is not taught explicitly but can be learned from the language input. Besides, teachers as demonstrators because when teachers give sentences as instructions for actions, they first demonstrates these actionsthemselves ;then they choose members of the class to do them.)瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>7.Socio-cultural Theory锛堝垎鏁帮細15.00锛?/p>________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 姝ｇ‘绛旀锛?Sociocultural theory is an emerging theory in psychology that looks at the important contributions that society makes to individual development. This theory stresses the interaction between developing people and the culture in which they live. This theory suggests that human learning is largely a social process. According to Vygotsky, learning has its basis in interacting with other people. Once this has occurred, the information is then integrated on the individual level. Sociocultural theory focuses not only how adults and peers influence individual learning, but also on how cultural beliefs and attitudes impact how instruction and learning take place.According to Vygotsky, children are born with basic biological constraints on their minds. Each culture, however, provides what he referred to as 'tools of intellectual adaptation.' These tools allow children to use their basic mental abilities in away that is adaptive to the culture in which they live. For example, while one culture might emphasize memory strategies such as note-taking, other cultures might utilize tools like reminders or rote memorization.)瑙ｆ瀽锛?/div>8.Define the concept in Task-Based Language Learning锛堝垎鏁帮細15.00锛?/p>________________________________________________________________ __________________________ 姝ｇ‘绛旀锛?Task-based language teaching (TBLT), also known as task-based instruction (TBI), focuses on the use of authentic language and on asking students to do meaningful tasks using the target。

北京师范大学12年研究生入学考试试卷（外语学院英语学科教育硕士）（回忆版）1. What are the principles of a good planning, explain each of them.（15分）2. What are learning styles? What makes the difference between the field- independent and field-dependent students? （15分）3. What is the need analysis? What is wanted to be obtained through it? How dothe people carry on “need analysis”? (15分)4. Explain the difference between Focus on Form and Focus on Formsin language teaching, and explain the different methodologies adoptedbased on the two different beliefs on the language teaching. (20分)北京师范大学13年研究生入学考试试卷（外语学院英语学科教育硕士）（回忆版）1. Explain the following concept briefly. (40 points)(4) Formative assessment, proficiency test and achievement test5. What is classroom management? What does it include? What principles do you usually base on when you manage your class? (15points)6. What does knowing a word involve? Give examples to illustrate your explanations. (15points)7. What are the differences between the inductive method and the guided discovery method in teaching grammar? (15points)8. What are the common question types in the language classroom? Explain different levels of thinking when answering different types of questions. Then design some questions for the following text that reflect the different levels of thinking. Specify the levels of understanding and give answers for each question you have designed. (20points)北京师范大学14年研究生入学考试试卷（外语学院英语学科教育硕士）（回忆版）5. What are the principles of communicative language teaching? (15 points)6. What are bottom-up and top-down model of teaching reading? (20 points)7. What are the procedures of process writing? (15 points)8. What are the features of good text books? (15 points)9. What are the principles of task-based language teaching? Can you give some examples of a task? (20 points)2015北师大英语学科教学5.What are essential and desirable condition of language learning?(15p)6. What are common language learning style?( 15p)7. Explain the types of learners in learning English .(15p)8. What types of assessment are used to evaluate English learning. （20p)9. Wh at is role of activities in English learning &teaching. （20P）10. What are the mistakes this lesson plan（20.0）根据案例进行分析2016年866真题1.What’s communicative competence and its effects in teaching?2.Advantages and disadvantages about multi-choice questions?3.What’s the principl es of a good lesson plan?4.A teacher with rich language knowledge but he doesn’t teach well, while another person who doesn’t have so much knowledge but he teaches well. Analyze why.。

2018年北京师范大学333教育综合[专业硕士]考研真题（回忆版）
一、名词解释（每小题10分，共40分）
1．有教无类
2．全纳教育
3．隐性课程
4．终身教育思潮
二、简答题（每小题15分，共60分）
1．中小学教师的职业道德有哪些？
2．中小学校的教学方法的内涵和主要类型。

3．韩愈对教师的看法。

4．斯宾塞生活准备说的主要观点。

三、分析题（每小题25分，共50分）
1．有位校长说：如果没有升学压力，我真想好好做德育。

请从学校教育与德育的关系分析这一看法。

2．材料题：让每个孩子带着成功坐下。

答不对，先站着。

等下一个问题，举手先让她回答，答对坐下，但举手的同学越来越少了。

强化理论分析问题并写改进建议。

（1）指出材料中教师“成功教育”的问题。

（2）请给这位老师建议。

2018年研究生英语学位课统考真题Part II. Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points )Section A (0.5 point each)21. In spite of the efforts of those industrious farmers, the local economy is far from developed due to isolation.A capableB ingeniousC innovativeD hard-working.22. Because of the struggle put up by the Women’s Lib , many women have found good careers.A initiatedB proposedC supportedD terminated23. The performance of these new employees will highlight the role of positive thinking.A confirmB emphasizeC enhanceD enlighten24. Our family stood in silence for a minute looking at the amazingly beautiful photo-graph of a human flag.A surprisinglyB indescribablyC permanentlyD uniquely25. The decision to strengthen intelligence collection is expected to minimize military casualties.A informationB intellectC brainD wisdom26. To me, St. Francis embodies the ideal blend of spirituality and public service.A compositionB mixtureC elaborationD speculation27. In the wake of such findings, several states are rethinking their plan to open these camps.A Based onB PrecedingC FollowingD Targeted at28. The staggering sum of money invested in this project failed to yield the desired result.A fluctuatingB increasingC diminishingD overwhelming29. It made me ask questions about life, death and mortality that ultimately helped me get through the disaster.A decisivelyB eventuallyC somewhatD somehow30. At that moment the first idea that came to her mind was that a disaster was around the corner.A coming to an endB still in the airC soon to happenD out of the question.Section B (0.5 point each)31. Do your children worry that they might feel pressure to ____ your hero’s image?A come up withB live up toC catch up onD add up to32. In the worst times of life, you have to take full advantage of the beautiful things that ____A come alongB come byC come acrossD come to33. Being critical and dictatorial, the boss would ____ discussion and ignore comments not in agreement with his.A facilitateB illustrateC illuminateD dominate34. Anderson held out his arms to ___ the attack, but the shark grabbed his right forearm and dived.A turn offB ward offC trigger offD call off35. Her excellent ___ of English helped her communicate freely with foreign partners.A standardB criterionC evaluationD command36. Because colleges can’t take all students with basic qualifications, ____ to college is competitive.A admirationB approachC admissionD assignment37. Helicopters rushed to where Shenzhou 5 ___ for the rescue of China’s first astronaut.A touched downB turned downC settled downD shot down38. The Chinese have achieved a great deal, but difficulties and hardships will long ____.A tolerateB bearC endureD withhold39. The belief that it’s healthy to let off pressure no longer ___, for we are working under heavy pressure.A holdsB carriesC takesD stands40. Handbags made of ____ leather are considered old-fashioned and poor in quality.A systematicB syntheticC sympatheticD statisticPart II. Cloze Test (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)People go to evening classes as they want new challenges. Some people choose courses 41 to learn newwork-related skills to move their career in a new direction.“Evening classes are a great way of 42 your skills or gaining new ones,” says Jessica Rolphe, training and development adviser at the UK’s Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.In some 43 , what starts as a hobby turns into a career. This is what happened to Ginny Jory, who did an evening course in photography while working for a newspaper about one year ago. During the course, not only was Jory learning all about photography, she also met other 44 photographers and realized it was a great networking 45 . “I discovered that a colleague from work was doing the same course and we became great friends. We 46 doing a millennium exhibition together.”Finally, Jory left her job and is now a full-time photographer of fashion and 47 .However, anyone thinking of doing a course with a specific outcome in mind needs to be sure that it will 48 what they want before enrolling. “Do your research 49 advance,” advises Rolphe. “Make sure you are doinga course that really is 50 and that the institute you are doing it at is highly respected.”41. A separately B spiritually C specifically D socially42. A updating B uprising C uprooting D unholding43. A terms B occasion C consequences D cases44. A perspiring B aspiring C expiring D conspiring45. A specialty B phase C opportunity D period46. A gave in B ended up C ceased to D resulted from47. A qualifications B characters C portraits D personalities48. A deliver B delight C determine D detect49. A up B for C into D in50. A redundant B reserved C resolved D relevantPart IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage OneThe worst thing about television and radio is that they entertain us, saving us the trouble of entertaining ourselves.A hundred years ago, before all these devices were invented, if a person wanted to entertain himself with a song or a piece of music, he would have to do the singing himself or pick up a violin and play it. Now, all he has to do is turn on the radio or TV. As a result, singing and music have declined.Italians used to sing all the time. Now, they only do it in Hollywood movies. Indian movies are mostly a series of songs and dances wrapped around silly stories. As a result, they don’t do much singing in Indian villages anymore. Indeed, ever since radio first came to life, there has been a terrible decline in amateur singing throughout the world.There are two reasons for this sad decline: One, human beings are astonishingly lazy. Put a lift in a building, and people would rather take it than climb even two flights of steps. Similarly, invent a machine that sings, and people would rather let the machine sing than sing themselves. The other reason is people are easily embarrassed. When there is a famous, talented musician readily available by pushing a button, which amateur violinist or pianist would want to try to entertain family or friends by himself?These earnest reflections came to me recently when two CDs arrived in the mail: They are historic recordings of famous writers reading their own works. It was thrilling to hear the voices from a long dead past in the late 19th century. But today, reading out loud anything is no longer common. Today, we sing songs to our children until they are about two , we read simple books to them till they are about five, and once they have learnt to read themselves, we become deaf. We’re alive only to the sound of the TV and the stereo.I count myself extremely lucky to have been born before TV became so common. I was about six before TV appeared. To keep us entertained, my mother had to do a good deal of singing and tell us endless tales. It was the same in many other homes. People spoke a language; they sang it, they recited it; it was something they couldfeel.Professional actors’ performance is extraordinarily revealing. But I still prefer my own reading. Because it’s mine. For the same reason, people find karaoke liberating. It is almost the only electronic thing that gives them back their own voice. Even if their voices are hoarse and hopelessly out of tune. At least it is meaningful self-entertainment.51. The main idea of this passage is that _______A TV and radio can amuse us with beautiful songs and music.B TV and radio have weakened our interest in entertaining ourselves.C people should not be too lazy or embarrassed to sing.D parents should sing songs and read books aloud to their children.52. According to the passage, Italian_________A only sing songs in Hollywood.B are no longer fond of music.C only sing and dance in villages.D Don’t sing much nowadays.53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the decline in amateur singing?A It is easier for people to please themselves with songs through TV.B People don’t want to take the trouble to sing songs themselves.C Amateurs feel shy if they can’t sing as well as the professionals.D Famous and talented musicians are always willing to entertain people.54. On hearing the voices of the famous writers of a long time past, the author was _________A very excitedB very frightenedC very nervousD very surprised55. By stating “ We are alive only to the sound of the TV and the stereo, “ the author means _______A we come back to life at the music provided by the TV and the stereo.B We only perceive the music provided by the TV and the stereo.C we should sing more than listen to the TV and the stereo.D we should listen to more music on the TV and the stereo.56. The author’s attitude toward Karaoke is ___________A negativeB positiveC neutralD indifferentPassage TwoIf those “mad moments” ----when you can’t recall what your friend has told you or where you left your keys----are becoming more frequent, mental exercises and a healthy brain diet may help.Just as bodies require more maintenance with the passing years, so do brains, which scientists now know show signs of aging as early as the 20s and 30s. “Brain aging starts at a very young age, younger than any of us have imagined and these processes continue gradually over the years,” said Dr. Gary Small, the director of the Center on Aging at the University of California, Los Angeles. “I’m convinced that it is never too early to get started on a mental or brain-fitness program,” he added.In his book , The Memory Bible, the 51-year-old neuroscientist lists what he refers to as the 10 commandments for keeping the brain young. They include training memory, building skills, minimizing stress, mental exercises, brain food and a healthy life-style. It’s a game plan for keeping brain cells sparking and neural networks in tip-top shape.“Misplacing your keys a couple of times doesn’t mean you should start labeling your cabinets. Memory loss is not an inevitable consequence of aging. Our brains can fight back,” he said.Small provides the weapons for a full-scale attack. According to him, simple memory tests give an indication of what you are up against and tools such as look, snap and connect are designed to make sure that important things such as names and dates are never forgotten. “So if you want to learn names and faces, for example, you meet Mrs.Beatty and you notice a distinguishing facial feature, may be a prominent eyebrow,”said Small. “You associate the first thing that comes to mind. I think of the actor Warren Beatty so I create a mental snapshot ofWarren Beatty kissing her brow.”Small admits it may sound a bit strange but he says it works. “Mental exercises could be anything from doing crossword puzzles and writing with your left hand if you are right handed or learning a language. It could be anything that is fun that people enjoy doing,” he added.He also recommends physical exercise, a low-fat diet and eating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish, walnuts and Brazil nuts, and fruits and vegetables high in antioxidants (抗氧化剂)including blueberries and onions in addition to reducing stress.57. The “mad moments” in the first paragraph refers to when we ________A have some mental problems.B have lost our important things.C don’t listen to what our friends tell us to do .D fail to remember what should be remembered.58. In this passage, the author mainly tells us that ____A everyone can be forgetful sometimes regardless of one’s age.B we can prevent our sound mind from aging with certain methods.C brain aging starts from the time when we are in our 20s and 30s.D memory loss is a sign that shows we are getting old59. According to this passage, _____A the game plan for keeping brain cells sparking doesn’t work for everyone.B Dr. Small’s memory tests can show you what to do about brain aging.C Dr. Small’s advice can help us fight brain aging effectively.D our brains can reconstruct memories themselves.60. In the fifth paragraph, the author mainly ______A provides us with the weapons for attacking others.B introduces the tools that help us fight against memory loss.C tells us about the important things we should never forget.D explains the facial features useful for us to remember people.61. By saying “ I think of the actor Warren Beatty so I create…her brow, “ Dr. Small is trying to explain how to use the memory tool of ____A impressing rapidlyB minimizing stressC connecting related thingsD observing carefully62. According to Dr. Small, __________A left-handers may start brain aging later than right-handers do .B learning a foreign language does not help to keep out brain from getting old.C doing crossword puzzles is the best way to keep us from memory loss.D mental exercise plus healthy diet alone can’t keep us from brain aging.Passage ThreeThrough the years, our view of what leadership is and who can exercise it has changed considerably. Leadership competencies have remained constant, but our understanding of what it is, how it works, and the ways in which people learn to apply it has shifted. We do have the beginning of a general theory of leadership, from history and social research and above all from the thoughts of reflective practitioners such as Moses, Julius Caesar, and James Madison, and in our own time from such disparate sources of wisdom as Gandhi, Winston Churchill, Mao Tse-tung, and Henry Kissinger, who have very little in common except that they have not only been there but tried with some fairness to speculate on paper about it.But tales and reflective observation are not enough except to convince us that leaders are physically strong and abnormally hard workers. Today we are a little closer to understanding how and who people lead, but it wasn’t easy getting there. Decades of academic analysis have given us more than 350 definitions of leadership. Literally thousands of empirical investigations of leaders have been conducted in the last seventy-five years alone, but no clear understanding exists as to what distinguishes leaders from non-leaders, and perhaps moreimportant, what distinguishes effective leaders from ineffective leaders and effective organizations from ineffective organizations.Never have so many labored so long to say so little. Multiple interpretations of leadership exist, each providing a fragment of insight but each remaining an incomplete and wholly inadequate explanation. Most of these definition don’t agree with each other, and many o f them would seem quite remote to the leaders whose skills are being examined. Definitions reflect fashions, political tides and academic trends. They don’t always reflect reality and sometimes they just represent nonsense. It’s as if what Braque once said about art is also true of leadership: “The only thing that matters in art is the part that can’t be explained.”Many theories of leadership have come and gone. Some looked at the leader. Some looked at the situation. None has stood the test of time. With such a track record, it is understandable why leadership research and theory have been so frustrating as to deserve the label “the La Brea Tar Pits” of organizational inquiry. Located in Los Angeles, these asphalt pits house the remains of a long sequence of prehistoric animals that came to investigate but never left the area.63. In regard of leadership competencies, the author suggests that people have _____A believed in their existenceB learned to apply them extensivelyC found it very difficult to acquire them.D been unable to realize their importance.64. Several big names are mentioned in the first paragraph mainly to show their _____A different styles of leadershipB effective exercise of leadershipC contributions to the theory of leadershipD wisdom in applying the theory of leadership65. According to the author, people’s opinions of leadership are on the whole quite ____A dividedB originalC misleadingD sophisticated66. The author thinks that _________A many people have labored to be leaders.B leaders are beyond our understanding.C the essence of leadership has not been grasped.D the definitions of leadership should vary67. “The La Brea Tar Pits” probably signifies things that _________A can be traced back to the prehistoric age.B are traps for those who want to inquire.C are located in one place forever.D don’t deserve full investigation68. This passage is mainly concerned with ____________A the inconsistent theories of leadership.B the famous leaders and their theories.C the changes in the trend of leadership.D the inaccurate definitions of leadership.Passage FourWhen you leave a job with a traditional pension, don’t assume you’ve lost the chance to collect it. You’re entitled to whatever benefit you’ve earned ---you might even be entitled to take it now. “A lot of people forget they have it, or they think that by waiting until they are 65, they’ll have a bigger benefit,” says Wayne Bogosian, president of the PFE Group, which provides corporate pre-retirement education.Your former employers should send you a certificate that says how much your pension is worth. If it’s less than $ 5,000, or if the company offers a lump-sum payout , it will generally close your account and cash you out. It may not seem like much, but $ 5,000 invested over 20 years at eight percent interest is $23,000. If your pension is worth more than $5,000, or your company doesn’t offer the lump-sum option, find out how much money you’re eligible for at the plan’s normal retirement age, the earlier age at which you can collect the pension, the more severe penalty for collecting it early. You’ll probably still come out ahead by taking the money now and investing it.What if you left a job years ago, and you’re realizing you may have unwittingly left behind a pension? Get help from the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. It has an online search tool that has helped locate $ 47 million in lost benefits for more than 12, 000 workers.If you have a traditional pension, retiring early costs more than you might expect. Most people assume you takea proportional cut for leaving before your plan’s normal retirement age. For example, you might think that if you need to accrue 30 years of service and you leave three years early, you’d get a pension 90 percent of the full amount.But that’s not how it works. Instead, you take an actuarial reduction, determined by the employer but often around five percent a year, for each year you leave early. So retiring three years early could leave you with only 85 percent of the total amount.When you retire early with a defined-contribution plan,the problem is you start spending investments on which you could be earning interests. If you retire when you’re 55, for example, and start using the traditional pension then, by age 65 you’ll have only about half of what you would have had if you’d kept working until 65.69. When one leaves a job with a traditional pension, __________A he tends to forget that he has the pension.B he has no right to ask for the pension.C he’ll have a bigger benefit than if he waits until the age of 65.D he has a specified worth of pension.70. If the retiree’s pension is less than $ 5,000, it is wise of him to ______A ask the company for a lump-sum payout .B require his former boss to figure out the value of his pension.C take the pension with him and make a profit out of it.D collect the pension at his retirement plan’s normal retirement age.71. If one leaves early before his plan’s normal retirement age, ___________A he’ll take 90 percent of the total amount of his pension.B he’ll have half of his pension payments.C he’ll have his pension payment reduced by 5% a year.D he’ll have only 85 percent of his full pension.72. If one retires early with a defined –contribution plan, he is expected to _____A earn less interestB be better off than with a traditional pension.C start investment immediatelyD get less Social Security benefits.73. Which of the following can be used as the subtitle for the last three paragraphs?A Your Payout Is Not Guaranteed.B The Retirement Dilemma.C Leave Early, Lose Big.D Take the Pension with You.74. Which of the following is NOT true ?A If one leaves 3 years early on a 30-year-service basis, he won’t get a pension worth 27/30ths.B It pays to get an early retirement if one understands how retirement pension plan works.C The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation helps the retiree to recover lost benefit.D If one keeps his expenses within his retirement framework, he won’t be severely affected.Passage FiveIn a landmark decision, U.S. District Judge Leonie Brinkema ruled November 23, 1998, in Mainstream Loudown v. Board of Trustees of the Loudown County Library that the use of blocking software to restrict Internet access in public libraries is unconstitutional. Despite the library’s claims that its actions were justified in the name of “protecting minors from harmful content,” Judge Brinkema ruled that the library could not reduce adult access to standards established for children.“The use of blocking software in libraries offends the guarantee of free speech,” she ruled, and “constitutes a prior restraint” on all speech. The Loudown County X-Stop software blocked access to a wide range of websites, including those of Quakers, the conservative Heritage Foundation, and AIDS education groups, as well as information about banned books and safe sex.Relying on Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union , Brinkema rejected arguments that the installation of such filtering devices constitutes “a library acquisition decision, to which the First Amendment does not apply.” She pointed out that, since the library had originally provided uncensored Internet access and had then taken specific actions to limit it, the situation was analogous to the removal of library materials. The result, she said, was similar to “a collection of encyclopedias from which defendants have laboriously revised portions deemed unfit for library patrons.”Although Brinkema’s decision will have a major impact on the development of library polities nationwide, there is a crucial underlying problem that can’t be resolved through the legal process. Filtering software is created and produced by private companies that are quite eager and happy to make all the decisions for us. And by purchasing and installing their products, we are agreeing to let them do just that. It is to these private companies we are surrendering selection and access to the Internet’s huge database of electronic information. This means that even the staffs at public libraries have no role in the selection process.The Washington Coalition Against Censorship’s new original T-shirt design advocates the only solution we can trust to preserve our First Amendment liberties: “Use your brain: the filter you were born with.”75. The passage is mainly concerned with _________A whether it is legal to install computer software in public libraries.B whether libraries have to remove materials they consider harmful.C what reading materials public libraries should provide to their patrons.D what kind of online services public libraries should offer their readers.76. One of the defendant’s arguments is that ________A the First Amendment does not apply to library purchasing decisions.B certain materials have to be filtered to protect the ethnic minorities.C adults are guaranteed greater freedom to information than children.D the library intends to give their readers only healthy information.77. Which of the following statements is NOT true of X-Stop software?A It was purchased from a private commercial company.B It denied both children and adults access to certain websites.C It revised a certain portion of the encyclopedias in the library.D Its installation in a country library was declared illegal by the court.78. Even after the 1998 court decision, the public still have to face the fundamental problem of ____A giving up their freedom of speech on the Internet.B having more restricted access to electronic Information.C not allowing the librarians to select reading materials for them.D letting the commercial companies decide what they would read79. The word “uncensored” in the third paragraph probably means _________A freeB timelyC beneficialD restricted80. According to the author, the decision about what is the best to read lies with ________A the librariansB the individual citizensC the governmentD the legal courtsPart V Translation (30 minutes, 20 points )Section A (15 minutes, 10 points )Although the Bush administration has pledged its commitment to have Iraqis run their government on their own, peace and order will be long in coming. On one hand, Saddam remains unaccounted for. On the other hand, surging violence, cases of bloodshed, suicide bombings and people taking to streets to protest have plunged the U.S. in an embarrassing situation. Recently, President Bush has made some remarks that appear intended to address criticism from the Democratic presidential candidates that top decision-makers failed to anticipate the mounting difficulties lying ahead.It’s hoped that the UN can get actively involved in the reconstruction of this war-torn country and play a more positive role in finding a peaceful solution to problems confronting Iraqis.第二部分词汇Section A21. (D) 该句意为：尽管这些农民勤劳，拼命干活，但由于闭塞，当地经济十分落后。

2018年北京师范大学教育基础综合真题解析勤思考点命中率90%我们教研室第一时间综合学员反馈和我们拿到的试卷，对2018北京师范大学333教育学综合真题进行了分析与点评。

其中绝大部分考点在我们的资料中有所涉及的。

2018年考研初试已经落下大幕，不管成败，我们都认认真真的对待过自己的梦想，所以你们都是这场战役的勇士。

对于专业课这场硬仗你打的怎么样呢？这里勤思教育教育学教研室给大家带来了2018年北京师范大学333教育基础综合的一手战报。

一、题型分析与北师大的去年真题对比，题型发生了变化，去掉了连线题，又回归为三类：一、名词解释，二、简答题，三、论述题，含材料分析题。

题量有所缩减，相应的，分值进行了调整。

汇总起来就是名词解释（4*10）、简答题（4*15）、论述题（2*25）。

二、考试内容从难度上看，今年的出题难易得当，依然注重对考生基础知识的理解和掌握。

大家看到题量少了，一些同学可能会觉得变简单了，然而事实并非如此，分值的提高也就要求考生在答题时对于题目的答案有个更全面的认识、更详细的阐述，对于复习得好的同学来说时间永远是不够的，对于只能看懂题目，答不出来的同学来说半个小时就可以让你停笔了，因为你实在是不知道该写什么了。

从科目上看，教育学原理绝对是今年出题的重中之重，党的十八大报告提出，把立德树人作为教育的根本任务。

十九大再次强调要全面贯彻党的教育方针，落实立德树人根本任务，发展素质教育，推进教育公平，培养德智体美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人，在出题中也涉及了这一热点话题，相信各位勤思学员在学习勤思课程的过程中一定对此不陌生了。

今年的考题所涉及的知识点都是一些比较重要的概念、理论和方法，试题的题量也不是很大，这就要求考生基础知识扎实，而且对这些知识要有精确的记忆，内容要尽可能全面，因为每个题目的分值都很高，要想获得高分，就必须准确、全面。

三、北京师范大学333教育学真题对照一、名词解释1．终身教育思潮【勤思对照】勤思333通关宝典外国教育史第七章名词解释第19小题原题。

北京师范大学866专业课考研历年真题北京师范大学2012年研究生入学考试试卷（学科英语教育硕士）1.Explain the following terms, use examples to illustrate (20分)DisplacementAssimilationInflectional morphemeDeep structureSocial linguistics2.What are the maxims of the cooperative principle, use some examplesto illustrate violation of the maxims may rise the particularization of the conversational implicature. (15分)3.What is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, do you agree with it; providesome examples or proof to support your point of view. (15分)4.What is metaphor, use examples to explain the different kinds of it.(15分)5.What are the principals of a good planning, explain each of them. (15分)6.What are learning styles? What makes the differences between thefield-independent and field-dependent students? (15分)7.What is the code-switching in the language classroom, and why andhow it happened? (15分)8.What is the need analysis? What is wanted to be obtained through it?How do the people carry on “need analysis”? (15分)9.What are the principles of the reading teach? Explain themrespectively. (15分)10.E xplain the difference between Focus on Form and Focus on Forms inlanguage teaching, and explain the difference methodologies adopted based on the two different beliefs on the language teaching. (20分)北京师范大学2013年研究生入学考试试卷（学科英语教育硕士）1.Explain the following concept briefly. (40分)Prescriptive and descriptive linguisticsLinguistic competence and linguistic performanceDenotation and connotationFormative assessment, proficiency test and achievement test2.In what way is language arbitrary? Can you give examples to showthat language is not arbitrary? (15分)3.The meaning of a sentence is determined by the meaning of itscomponent parts and the way in which they are combined. Comment on this statement with example. (15分)4.What are the product and process of language learning? (15分)5.What is classroom management? What does it include? Whatprinciples do you usually base on when you manage your class?6.What does knowing a word involve? Give examples to illustrate yourexplanations. (15分)7.What are the differences between the inductive method and the guideddiscovery method in teaching grammar? (15分)8.What are the common question types in the language classroom?Explain different levels of thinking when answering different types of questions. Then design some questions for the following text thatreflect the different levels of thinking. Specify the levels ofunderstanding and give answers for each question you have designed.北京师范大学2014年研究生入学考试试卷（学科英语教育硕士）1.Explain and exemplify the terms briefly. (20分)ArbitrarinessMorphologyHyponymyIllocutionary2.What are the basic functions of language?3.Nowadays many new words are added to the English dictionary. Canyou illustrate some ways to show how new words are formed?4.Explain Krashen’s Input Hypothesis.5.What are the principles of communicative language teaching?6.What are bottom-up and top-down model of teaching reading?7.What are the procedures of process writing?8.What are the features of good text books?9.What are the principles of task-based language teaching? Can you givesome examples of a task?北京师范大学2015年研究生入学考试试卷（学科英语教育硕士）1.名词解释Explain the following terms.ParoleConsonantDerivationEntailmentImplicature简答1.Explain the features of Language2.Describe major changes that Language go through and the reasons forchanges3.How to understand Speech Act Theory?/doc/651576788.html, 3 theories of L2 acquisition.5.What are essential and desirable conditions of language learning?Give your reasons.6.What are common language learning styles?7.Explain the types of learners in learning English8.What types of assessment are used to evaluate English Learning?9.What is role of activities in English learning and teaching?10.W hat are the mistakes in this lesson plan? (Lesson design comment)大意是给你一个班级20人的初二班的教案，里面有一些课堂教学的步骤，让你进行评价。

北京师范大学2018文学类考研真题第一部分：中国古代文学史（75分）一、论述题（20分）《论语·阳货》：“诗可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。

”请以《诗经》具体作品为例，解释兴观群怨的意义。

二、材料题（35分）阅读下列材料，回答问题。

《相思》⑴红豆⑵生南国，春⑶来发几⑷枝。

愿⑸君多⑹采撷，此物最相思。

「校」按：王维诗集世传各本除顾起经《类笺唐王右丞诗集》本、凌濛初《王摩诘诗集》本、赵殿成《王右丞集笺注》外均未收录此诗。

此据坊间俗本录文，以他本校。

（1）诗题：凌濛初《王摩诘诗集》本作“江上赠李龟年”，《唐人万首绝句选》作“相思子”。

（2）豆：《万首唐人绝句》作“杏”。

（3）春：除底本外均作“秋”。

（4）几：《万首唐人绝句》、顾起经《类笺唐王右丞诗集》、《全唐诗》作“故”。

（5）愿：《云溪友议》、《唐诗纪事》、凌本作“赠”；《万首唐人绝句》、顾本、赵殿成《王右丞集笺注》本作“劝”。

（6）多：《万首唐人绝句》、顾本作“休”。

1、请说出校文中出现的《云溪友议》、《唐诗纪事》、《万首唐人绝句》、《全唐诗》、《唐人万首绝句选》的编者或作者。

（10分）2、请推断出此诗原文所据底本是什么版本？（5分）3、请综合文献、常识及诗意呈现等因素，重新校定此诗文字，并陈述理由。

（20分）三、论述题（20分）《红楼梦》中称林黛玉为“林姑娘”，却称薛宝钗为“宝姑娘”，请依据你对《红楼梦》的理解，试述你的看法。

第二部分：中国现当代文学史（75分）四、名词解释（25分）1、新青年2、新感觉派3、《雅舍小品》4、孙少平5、苏童五、简答题（20分）1、简析郭沫若《屈原》的主要艺术特色及得失。

2、简析《许三观卖血记》中许三观这一人物形象。

六、论述题（二选一作答，30分）1、概括鲁迅笔下阿Q形象的主要性格特征，结合具体作品说一说你对阿Q“精神胜利法”本质内涵的理解，你认为对阿Q“精神胜利法”的描写在当代中国有何现实意义。

2、结合具体作品，论述海子诗歌创作的思想艺术特色。