diet culture 中外饮食文化对比

Chinese and western difference on diet culture AbstractThe author argues that along with the fast development of world economic, international communication increases, More and more people hope to know the countries culture all over the world. Different nation own different culture. Chinese and western culture develops following their own different way. Traditional western culture combines livestock and ocean culture, while Chinese one is the mixture of agriculture and land culture. The two different cultures reflect the different lifestyle, and diet is the most representative one. It is the basic we live on other countries. While, food culture reflects cooking and eating art of countries, reflect history culture of a nation. It also covers material and spiritual culture. In the global background, broader and deeper knowledge comparison of different culture can solve the confusion of culture conflict in larger extent. So in this paper, it discusses the differences between Chinese and western food culture. Here we start from diet idea, diet mode, diet habit , diet object and food naming. most of them are discussed from specific to abstract, from particular to general to complete the change from one single phenomenon to deeper culture spirit. It shows concrete connotation of different culture on matter, spirit and custom to endow culture comparison with the world style. Diet culture will also learnwidely from others' strong points through transcultural communication, and develop continuously. Finally it realize the combination of Chinese and western culture.Key words: Diet culture difference; transcultural communication; Chinese and western;中西方饮食文化的聚焦内容摘要作者认为随着世界经济的快速发展，国际交流的增加，越来越多的人们希望了解全世界各个国家的文化。

中西饮食文化差异（Chinese and western dietaryculture differences）中西饮食文化差异(Chinese and western dietary culturedifferences)Chinese and western dietary culture differencesFood and beverage products due to geographical characteristics, climate, customs and other factors, will appear in raw materials, tastes, cooking methods, eating habits of varying degrees of difference. Because of these differences, food and beverage products have a strong regional. The differences between Chinese and Western cultures have created differences between Chinese and western dietary cultures, which comefrom different ways of thinking and philosophy in China and the west. Chinese people pay attention to "harmony between man and nature", and Westerners pay attention to "people first"". Here briefly discuss the differences between Chinese and western dietary culture from thefollowing three aspects.Differences in diet and tablewareWestern diet is the most obvious difference in the use of eating utensils on both the usual family meals, or a formal banquet is so, for example, Chinese food with chopsticks, Westerners cut food with a knife and fork. It is obvious that different ways of eating are not accidental, but formed under the guidance of different cultures. Chinese since ancient times most of the farming, the so-called "facing the Loess backinto the air" is a true portrayal of this cultural phenomenon, in this cultural environment, usually with grain as the staple food, tend tolive and work in peace, peace and stability, emphasis on "and" for you, against the invasion and attack. But in many westerncountries, their ancestors as national hunting, meat based diet, in order to survive in the cruel and harsh environment, must be good at hunting, aggressive, the two almost opposite cultural tendency toreflect the diet naturally reflected in the tableware selection and use, Chinese use chopsticks rare stamp, refined and cultured, with such indecent actions, attitudes towards food on the table is affinity and gentle; on the contrary, Westerners use knives and forks are cut and cut again, let a person feel a kind of cruel and oppressive, is openly ravaged food. Although the Chinese and Westerners like to eat meat, but show a very subtle and tactful, and do not feel the bloody fight and struggle".In addition, the Chinese people's tableware mainly porcelain, less varieties, mainly bowls, plates, chopsticks, spoons and wine glasses, etc., large and small, all kinds of banquets are applicable. Westerners are different. There are many kinds of tableware. They can be divided into five categories: silverware, metal ware, chinaware, glassware, dishes and kitchen utensils. Among them, silverware, metal ware, porcelain and glassware have different kinds and usages. Glass for example, each kind of wine with a glass of wine, white Wine cup, red Wine cup, champagne, wine and other liquor.Dietary differencesChina is a large agricultural country. Since the beginning of the Qin Dynasty, the diet has been dominated by grain, which has dominated plants, grains and vegetables, and less meat. In western countries, adhering to the nomadic seafaring nation's cultural origin, hunting, farming, meat more, beef, pork, lamb,fish and other |.Chinese people like hot food. They think that when the food is cold, they lose a lot of delicious flavor. Westerners are different, their favorite cold food on the table, such as salad generally have assorted cold dishes dish, Westerners also love the raw food, raw tomatoes, cucumber, lettuce, onion etc..Every diet can not be separated from vegetables. According to a survey of plant scholars, Chinese eat vegetables are 600 kinds, more than six times the west. In Chinese dishes, vegetable dish is ordinary food, is said to the general civilian food, fish can eat only in the ritual, the food is dominant in the diet of the usual.Westerners don't seem to have this habit, they uphold the nomads, sailing the nation's culture, hunting, farming, to collect, planting, more meat, eat, wear, with all the animal, Westerners in the diet characteristics of their own country, think more than China pay more attention to nutrition reasonable collocation there is, the more developed food industry, such as canned food, fast food, although the taste is stereotyped, but save time,And good nutrition, so their country's human body is generally Chinese robust: tall, long legs, broad shoulders and muscles; and Chinese is thin body, shoulder narrow and short legs. In the modern physiological and nutritional science, and have gradually become the fusion of western table on the type and quantity of vegetables was significantly increased, while China with the improvement of living standards, the proportionof meat and milk and dairy products in the diet also increased significantly.The diet structure of Chinese people is mainly grain or starch, while the diet structure of western people is mainly meat and protein. According to the obvious difference between Chinese and Western diet, Chinese people are considered to have plant personality, while Westerners have animal characters. Reflected in the cultural behavior: Westerners love adventure, exploration, and conflict; Chinese is peace and quiet and peaceful. Indeed, Westerners as Americans in the development of the west, they put the whole family on the car left, embarked on a risky journey; and Chinese will always jigua Zhao "home" and "root", but this is the concept of Chinese and diet related.Differences in cooking methodsIn Chinese, cooking a variety of ways, fried, fried, stewed, fried, stewed, boiled, burst, steamed, grilled, pickled, frozen, wiredraw, sweet and sour dishes, dazzling. In the eyes of the chef, cooking hasthe same profound knowledge as making handicrafts. Even the same dish, different chefs will make different tastes.Methods Western-style food cooking is mainly fried, roasted, fried, boil, stew, various raw materials rarely set cooking, dishes of fish is fish, chicken is chicken, even the seasonings are now eating now. The cooking process is more standardized, the amount of spices added to the gram, the cooking time accurate to seconds, the chef seems to be an experimenter in the chemistry laboratory.Because of the standardization of Western dishes, cooking has become a mechanical work. Kentucky Fried Chicken old man as long as the ingredients, oil temperature, time of fried chicken, according to the specification can be done, so the chef's work has become a very tedious mechanical work, he seems to be an automatic assembly line worker, even by a robot to perform its duty. Moreover, the purpose of eating Westerners first intake of nutrients, as long as the nutrition is enough standard, the other can be tolerated, so today, potatoes, steak, steak, potatoes tomorrow. The United States Food Advertising overwhelming, but eventually, fried chicken, French fries, fried fish, the food processing method is simple, basic mechanical mixing, so few types of dishes.In China, cooking is an art, embodies the unity of strictness and improvisation, so cooking in Chinese has been at a very strong interest, even with a certain game, attracting the diet for the enjoyment of life of the Chinese. Cooking has long been regarded as a great pleasure for Chinese people, and a positive performance in fulfilling this work.The difference between the 1.4 dining seatingChinese people pay great attention to seating arrangements when they eat. Although Westerners are very particular about their seats, they are very different in their content. Most of the party in the China,powerful or elders first seated, and then is the other guests,especially in the feudal society, Chinese party more or less to the lack of respect for women, many areas now have "no woman seats" habit, evenon the bench, a womansitting position in general is not significant.In the west, women are given priority, respect for women as astandard for banquet seating, and standards for other acts at banquets. In the seating arrangements, the first guests to the sex list, and then arrange forms and specific seat, if the party is joined by men and women, men and women should be co chaired by the master, male and female guests in the two list, usually seat arrangement is the host and hostess is the opposite, then arranged according to clockwise position. We should also pay attention to two points: first, the couple seats should be on the same side, but not connected;Two male guests often in position rather than according to age, in addition, if men and women also to party, so men should open doors for women, let the lady first; when the female guest host brought into the hall, first by the male host invited first hostess seated, and helpedher pull the chair, table, the hostess is with male finally enter the vip. In serving and eating, you should serve the hostess from the leftfirst, and then distribute them to other ladies in sequence, and finally to the hostess. Then, in the same order, serve the man. When the hostess and other ladies pick up the napkin, knife and fork to begin eating, the men can begin. After dinner, the hostess must wait up and leave, others may be absent, and still need to make its first lady chair.Dietary differencesChinese and Western diets are very different, and this difference also has an impact on national character. In China,any banquet, no matter what the purpose, will only be a form, that is, we sit around and share a seat. A round table for the feast created an atmosphere of unity, courtesy, and interest in the form. A table delicacies in the center, it is a table of people appreciate the taste of the object and the vector table of emotional communication, people toast each other, so that each dish, vegetables advised, although from the health point of view, this diet way has the obvious deficiency, but it breaks the general mentality we "national unity", reflects the China classical philosophy "and" the category of the descendantthoughts influence to facilitate collective emotional communication, so it's hard to reform, this kind of "dinner" and "feast" of the social effect, during the festival to be more obvious. The ancients said: "diet, so Acacia also."". On New Year's Eve, Spring Festival and Lantern Festival, we should eat "Reunion" dinner, eat Zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival, and use it to commemorate ancestors, thank gods, coordinate interpersonal relationship, and further promoteenlightenment.Western style banquets, food and wine, although very important, butin fact it is as a foil. Friendship is the core of the party, with the guests sitting next to the conversation, to achieve the purpose of friendship, if the friendship of the banquet and dance analogy, it canbe said that the Chinese banquet is like a dance, and Western style banquet is like a dance of men and women. Thus, Chinese and Westernstyle banquet banquet common purpose is very clear, but more Chinese banquet reflected in the feast fellowship, and the more western style banquet guests reflected in the adjacent friendship.Chinese is to show the friendly and harmonious atmosphere throughwith food, express for a peaceful and happy mood, which is why the size of Chinese festivals are to dinner, as the main content of the symposium. But the buffet has broken the pattern which sits happily, drinks, the individual independence, mentions independently the first place.Differences in dietary attitudesThe Western diet pays more attention to science and nutrition, no matter the color, aroma, taste and shape of food, nutrition must be guaranteed. How much calories, vitamins and proteins should be absorbed in a day?. Breakfast is often an egg, a cup of milk, some bread and a sausage; lunch buffet dinner is usually; bread, French fries, fried chicken, sausage, ham, cheese and so on, although the simple but veryrich in nutrients, they are not too much in pursuit of food taste, more is to understand the diet. From a nutritional point clearly, this is akind of rational diet idea. At the banquet, you can pay attention to tableware, exquisite material, exquisite service, shape and color collocation exquisite dishes of raw materials, but no matter how high-end luxury, from Losangeles to New York, the steak is only one flavor,no art at all. And as a dish, chicken is chicken, steak is steak, evenif there is collocation, it is also in the plate. A "French lamb", onthe side of Mashed Potato, next to the lamb, cooked green beans with the other side, with a few slices of tomato, contrast color, but the tasteof raw materials separate, reconcile, each is each taste, simple and clear.Chinese people pay more attention to the color, aroma, taste,shape and quality of food. First, pay attention to the color collocation, followed by the fragrant smell of food can stimulate the olfactory organ to produce sense of smell, caused by emotional impulses and thinking of human association, thereby affecting the eating behavior, then the taste of beauty, it has a core position in China diet fourth, namely, shape beauty, dishes to use other means of decorative art. Fifth, the quality of beauty, quality, one can refer to nutritional quality, health quality, cooking technology; on the other hand refers to the "texture", namely, to touch and taste as the object, soft, crisp, tender, crisp, smooth cool texture beauty. In addition to the technical means of color, aroma, taste and shape, the Chinese people also adopt someliterary means, such as seeking and achieving the artistic conception of different themes through different naming of various dishes. So China isa kind of beauty diet concept, whether nutrition is excessive or insufficient, regardless of whether all kinds of food and nutrition collocation, as long as the good taste, will enjoy this delicious food.Diet has different status in Chinese and Western lifeDiet plays an important role in daily life in china. The folkfestival rituals, such as weddings and marriage customs, has great influence on the diet custom. The fifteen eat the Lantern Festival, Qingming cold rice cakes, dumplings and Dragon Boat Festival in May, August Yellow Wine male mid autumn Festival moon cake, Laba porridge and so on, are specific diet Festival ceremony. In social events, manythings are done at the table. Eating has become a special element. In interpersonal relationships, there are some things that are difficult to handle, and the parties are often treated with a delicious meal.In the west, the diet in people's lives is far from being soimportant in china. Eat not the main content in the festival, more important is the religious and recreational activities that have the original life, must through faith in God, to participate in religious ceremonies and constantly repent to sin, so the western festival custom not only has a strong religious color, but also a religious ceremonyafter the liberation of the physical and mental relaxation and happiness, social activities is the most important gift of flowers, the wedding scene is not on the big swing feast, but the lovers held in the church solemn happy wedding, so they have far less important significance in China, people eat mainly focus on nutrition and the pursuit of benefits,not need to eat to show identity. With the development of economy and cultural globalization, with the deepening of China's opening to the outside world, the diet culture has shown a trend of integration between China and the west. Our cooking knowledge, cooking techniques andculinary aesthetics are not only amazing for the world, but also enrich the world cultural treasure house. Since the reform and opening up, the famous Chinese food culture throughout the world, whether foreign heads of state, or ordinary people, but also have to Chinese restaurants as a great joy in the life. But at the same time all over the worldespecially western diet culture also Everfount into Chinese: "Coca-Cola", "Nestle coffee", "KFC", "McDonald", "pizza", "hamburger", has now become China people meals food market; resplendent with variegated colorationin the food, there is a considerable amount of food is a new food imported or Chinese and Western, satisfied people's taste. With theworld economicand cultural exchanges have become increasingly extensive and in-depth, Western diet cultural exchange and interaction has become an indisputable fact and the inevitable trend of development, "Chinese and Western" catering culture is increasingly accepted by the public. Guangdong dishes such as "gurgling meat" and so on, in the production of Western dishes from the cooking of some of the techniques, in the Chinese and Western diet culture on the integration of a useful attempt, by domestic and foreign diners welcome. KFC's Chinese restaurant also gave up the traditional foreign fast food insist, began to use boiled,salad and other Chinese cooking methods, to build a healthy new fast food".China's food culture in the exchanges with countries around the world, there will be some new changes,The Chinese should continuously improve the development, learnwidely from others'strong points. With Chinese food for the body, to Western-style food for lunch, relying on four big cuisines, or eight cuisine, the development of China food culture and aesthetic taste, properly absorb the elements of science and technology Western-style food, so that the two complement each other, the organic integration, which is an important measure to Chinese food brand andinternationalization.Can be expected and outlook, the world will be as Western dietculture cultural exchanges and integration become more and morebeautiful and charming, this beauty and charm is the essence of integration of Chinese and Western food culture, food culture is a new space-time beauty and charm.Chinese and Western diet culture fuses in the collision and complements each other in the fusion. Now Chinese food has begun to pay attention to the nutrition, health and cooking science of food, and Western food has begun to develop to the realm of color, aroma, taste, meaning and shape of Chinese food. Chinese and Western food and beverage culture will develop together in the process of communication!。

Differences between Chinese and Western diet culture Can you imagine the difference between the Western diet culture and the Chinese diet culture？First of all, I will introduce the general characteristics of Western diet culture. Western diet historyItaly cuisine is the originator of the Western diet culture, French cuisine is the Western diet culture king, American food is the Western diet culture upstart.Western food making skillsIn the production of the Western diet, they love the pursuit of perfection, but also attach importance to cooperation with a delicacy.Western diet varietiesThe famous dishes are Italy, French, American, German, Russian, etc. famous drinks include wine, coffee and black tea.Do you know,why there are so many differences between Chinese and Western diet culture ?just like the menu,western diet is very tidy and serious,but the Chinese is multifarious.Now, you have known the difference of the menu,but do you know why diet has a strong regional character?Actually, western diet due to geographical characteristics, environment, customs, appears in cooking methods ofdifferences in eating habits. People in western countries like to eat pizza, while Chinese people like to eat dumplings.Differences between Chinese and Western culture makes a difference of Chinese and Western food culture.事实上，西方饮食由于地域特色、环境、风俗习惯，出现烹调方法不同程度的差异。

Cultural differences between Chinese and Western food中西方饮食文化的差异The ancients say: In the development of human society, the national diet also gradually formed its own unique culture. Different regions, different eating habits in different diet contributed to the different diet culture. The differences between Chinese culture and western diet culture created the difference, the difference between different from the way of thinking and philosophy. "Nature and humanity" to the Chinese and western "people-oriented". From the following five aspects are here to talk about the western diet culture differences..古人云：民以食为天。

在人类社会的发展中，各国的饮食也逐渐形成了自己独特的文化。

不同的地区有着不同的饮食习惯，不同的饮食习惯造就了不同的饮食文化。

中西文化之间的差异造就了中西饮食文化的差异，而这种差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。

中国人注重“天人合一”，西方人注重“以人为本”。

这里简要从下面五个方面谈谈中西方饮食文化的差异。

A, Chinese and western culture中西饮食文化(a) the Chinese diet culture中国的饮食文化China has a history of more than 5000 years, formed the canBad rich and profound Chinese culture. Chinese noteHeavy "unity". The Chinese diet with food, with things. IdeographicFeeling. The Chinese diet culture surprising, rewardHeart pleasing to the eye. This is pleasing to the eye, refers to the activities of the Chinese dietThe content and means to perfect and unified, caused by peopleThe aesthetic pleasure and mental enjoyment.中国有着五千多年的历史，形成了灿烂丰富、博大精深的饮食文化。

Cultural differences between Chinese and Western food中西方饮食文化的差异The ancients say: In the development of human society, the national diet also gradually formed its own unique culture. Different regions, different eating habits in different diet contributed to the different diet culture. The differences between Chinese culture and western diet culture created the difference, the difference between different from the way of thinking and philosophy. "Nature and humanity" to the Chinese and western "people-oriented". From the following five aspects are here to talk about the western diet culture differences..古人云：民以食为天。

在人类社会的发展中，各国的饮食也逐渐形成了自己独特的文化。

不同的地区有着不同的饮食习惯，不同的饮食习惯造就了不同的饮食文化。

中西文化之间的差异造就了中西饮食文化的差异，而这种差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。

中国人注重“天人合一”，西方人注重“以人为本”。

这里简要从下面五个方面谈谈中西方饮食文化的差异。

A, Chinese and western culture中西饮食文化(a) the Chinese diet culture中国的饮食文化China has a history of more than 5000 years, formed the canBad rich and profound Chinese culture. Chinese noteHeavy "unity". The Chinese diet with food, with things. IdeographicFeeling. The Chinese diet culture surprising, rewardHeart pleasing to the eye. This is pleasing to the eye, refers to the activities of the Chinese dietThe content and means to perfect and unified, caused by peopleThe aesthetic pleasure and mental enjoyment.中国有着五千多年的历史，形成了灿烂丰富、博大精深的饮食文化。

餐饮产品由于地域特征、气侯环境、风俗习惯等因素的影响，会出现在原料、口味、烹调方法、饮食习惯上的不同程度的差异。

正是因为这些差异，餐饮产品具有了强烈的地域性。

中西文化之间的差异造就了中西饮食文化的差异，而这种差异来自中西方不同的思维方式和处世哲学。

中国人注重“天人合一”，西方人注重“以人为本”。

这里简要从下面三个方面谈谈中西方饮食文化的差异。

The dining product as a result of factor and so on region characteristic, climatic environment, manners and customs influences, will appear in raw material, the taste, the cooking method, the food habit varying degree difference. Was precisely because of these differences, the dining product had the intense localization. Between China and the West culture's difference has accomplished China and the West diet culture difference, but this kind of difference and gets along with people the philosophy from the West different thinking mode. The Chinese pays great attention “the beauty to uni te”, the westerner pays great attention “humanist”. here chats the Western diet culture difference briefly from the following three aspects. 第二种翻译：Food products due to geographical features, climate, customs, and other factors, will appear in the raw materials, food, cooking methods, dietary habits on the varying degrees of difference. It is precisely because of these differences in food products with a strong regional. The difference between Chinese and Western cultures to create a diet of Chinese and Western cultural differences, and differences from the West in a different way of thinking and philosophy of life. Chinese people pay attention to the "Heaven and Man," in the West focus on "people-oriented."From here, a brief talk about the following three areas in the Western diet and cultural differences.一、两种不同的饮食观念对比注重“味”的中国饮食，西方是一种理性饮食观念。