专题二 需要“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词

2025高考英语步步高大一轮复习讲义人教版必修第二册——选择性必修第四册语法专题答案精析语法专题专题一复杂多变的动词第1讲谓语动词考点精讲一对点练习1 1.will tell 2.is 3.hired对点练习2 1.was playing 2.will be playing 3.am filling对点练习3 1.had learned/learnt had said 2.have told3．had expected对点练习4 1.has been writing 2.would be would change解题技法1．were stewing 2.took/should take 3.have been 4.will miss考点精讲二对点练习 1.has been recognized 2.is being repaired 3.is regarded 4.to blame解题技法1．is designed 2.reading 3.consists 4.been carried考点精讲三对点练习 1.gives 2.is 3.is are 4.were 5.has caused6．is解题技法1．were 2.reminds 3.is考点精讲四对点练习 1.might not 2.can’t 3.can’t 4.could5．couldn’t 6.should7.mustn’t 8.shall9.must10．needn’t解题技法1．could 2.have scolded考点精讲五对点练习 1.had been 2.(should) be settled 3.would have arrived 4.had taken 5.had解题技法1．wouldn’t be 2.would stop 3.(should) get 4.focused考点分层演练层级一1．was working 2.have kept 3.had sunk 4.have been made5．was brought 6.is being taken 7.will be distributed8．is designed9.was listed10.have become层级二1．be employed 2.means 3.have promised 4.was fixing 5.threw 6.was built7.connects 8.had been offered9．will deliver/will be delivering10.are being displayed层级三Passage 11．was established 2.built 3.consisted 4.were replaced 5.(were) kept 6.understood7.have tried/have been trying8．to save9.(are) watched10.are playingPassage 21．needn’t 2.danced 3.can 4.did/should do 5.will6．(should) not allow7.must 8.didn’t wear9.shall10．should语法链接写作1．Though I felt a little sorry that you left China last year，I am pleased to know you are leading a happy life in your hometown.2．If you are available next Sunday，I will wait for you at the school gate and I’m sure we will have a good time together.3．It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies is respectively 65% and 50%.4．(1)If I hadn’t read the newspaper Youth，I wouldn’t have made such great progress in English.(2)In a word，it is high time that we should raise/raised our awareness of environmental protection.(3)It is required that anyone who wants to participate should arrive at the lecture hall on time to watch the movie and take part in the discussion.(4)But for/Without her help and professional instruction，I couldn’t have made such great progress in English study.5．From the learning experience，I fully understand that only by practicing a lot can we overcome many kinds of difficulties.第2讲非谓语动词考点精讲一对点练习 1.to have 2.carried 3.having completed 4.to have been robbed 5.being settled考点精讲二对点练习 1.to walk cated 3.forming 4.thinking5．getting 6.encouraging考点精讲三对点练习 1.being discussed 2.to support 3.marked4．living考点精讲四对点练习 1.making 2.to teach 3.permitting pleted 5.absorbed考点精讲五对点练习 1.smoking 2.delivered 3.to process解题策略1．Knowing 2.Being offered 3.to have received 4.Having been shown 5.making考点分层演练层级一1．being charged 2.applied 3.desiring 4.to be cheered5．Having suffered 6.absorbed 7.associated8.to master9．driven10.putting层级二1．borrowing intended 2.built 3.Having visited recording4．to continue 5.to journey 6.held 7.planning8.To strengthen inviting9. Covering10.to see层级三1．Going 2.are 3.refreshed 4.amazing 5.gets 6.astonished7.wondering8.to put 9.aching10.to visit语法链接写作1．Persuading him into accepting my views was impossible，so I didn’t want to waste my time discussing.2．(1)Hearing of the unexpected news，she was so surprised that she froze with her mouth wide open.(2)Worn out，David reached the finishing line and all the students cheered for him.3．To learn English more efficiently，you had better choose the Listening and Speaking course. 4．Having sold out all the popcorn，they decided to call it a day and go home.专题二需要变形的名词、数词、形容词和副词第1讲名词考点精讲一对点练习 1.championships 2.activities 3.weaknesses4．passers­by 5.heroes 6.barber’s 考点精讲二对点练习 1.Word word 2.experiences experience 3.a/考点精讲三对点练习 1.arrival 2.invitation 3.responsibility 4.marriage 5.accuracy解题策略1．requirement professions 2.pollution 3.conditions4．dishes第2讲数词对点练习 1.thirteenth 2.thirds 3.ninth 4.twenties5．thousands解题技法1．second 2.has been polluted 3.fifth第3讲形容词和副词考点精讲一对点练习 1.personal 2.disappointed 3.amazing 4.hungry 5.highly 6.officially 7.Luckily8.terribly考点精讲二对点练习 1.more 2.wider 3.biggest 4.faster 5.as/so解题策略1．smaller 2.tasty 3.finest 4.gently考点分层演练层级一1．carrots 2.achievement 3.intention 4.fifties 5.twelfth6．third7.industrial8.surprising rgest10.widely层级二1．sixth 2.Different 3.warning 4.remarkable 5.rarely6．visiting7.interviews 8.Basically9.photographer10．meaningful层级三1．dynastic 2.classes 3.originally 4.closer 5.wealthy6．beautifully7.spacious 8.simpler/more simple9.cultural10.events语法链接写作1．When it comes to ocean，it’s of great importance to the world；however，its pollution isbecoming more and more serious.2．Last weekend，I participated in a “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” activity organised by our Student Council with curiosity.3．(1)As you know，the more people are involved，the better the ocean environment is.(2)Nothing is more important than my teacher’s encouragement.Without it，I couldn’t have won the prize.专题三不可忽视的小词第1讲冠词考点精讲一对点练习 1.a 2.an 3.a 4.a考点精讲二对点练习 1.the 2.the 3.the 4.The 5.The考点精讲三解题策略1．a 2.the第2讲代词考点精讲一对点练习 1.himself 2.our 4.it 5.it 6.It考点精讲二对点练习 1.other 2.another 3.none 4.neither 5.one解题策略1．mine 2.their 3.herself 4.it第3讲介词对点练习 1.on 2.with 3.by 4.in 5.for 6.on解题技法1．by 2.for 3.in考点分层演练层级一1．an 2.the 3.the 4.his 5.them 6.myself7.it8．their9.on10.like层级二1．the 2.as 3.to 4.by 5.a 6.the7.by8.its9.the10．neither层级三1．a 2.their 3.of 4.for 5.with 6.a7.them8.her9.the10.by语法链接写作1．Because I am attracted by the contents，reading Youth becomes a must for me every day.2．It was exciting to learn that I had gained first prize and an award ceremony would be held in three days.3．Although online learning makes it easier for people to gain knowledge，being online is also a challenge for people who lack self­discipline.4．Eventually，because of my persistence and painstaking efforts，I could skate freely all by myself.专题四三大从句与特殊句式第1讲定语从句考点精讲一对点练习 1.which/that 2.whose 3.is 4.As 5.that6．which考点精讲二对点练习 1.when 2.where 3.which 4.why考点精讲三对点练习 1.which 2.whom 3.them 4.which解题策略1．which/that 2.where 3.who/that 4.whose 5.As考点分层演练层级一1．which 2.where 3.who 4.where 5.who/that 6.when7．whose8.As9.why 10.whom层级二1．which/that 2.where 3.who/that 4.who 5.that6．that 7.where8.whose9.which/that 10.where层级三1．when 2.why 3.where 4.whose 5.whom 6.that/which7.who8.which9.which 10.As语法链接写作1．运用1Confucius，also known as Kong Qiu，was a Chinese philosopher and politician who lived during the Spring and Autumn Period.运用2World Ocean Day which/that falls on June 8th is aimed at raising people’s awareness of ocean conservation.2．First，you’ll be shown around our school and have lunch at a local restaurant，where you can have a taste of authentic Chinese food.3．For students，what is most beneficial to their study is reading English books，from which they can learn what they can’t in class.4．To begin with，I suggest organizing a walking tour around the city to explore the green spaces in Beijing，which will allow participants to experience the beauty of the city’s parks.第2讲名词性从句对点练习 1.why 2.what 3.how 4.that 5.that6．whether解题技法1．What 2.how 3.whoever 4.where 5.whether/if考点分层演练层级一1．whether 2.why 3.how 4.what/whatever 5.where6．that7.What8.when9.who 10.because层级二1．why 2.whether/if 3.how 4.where 5.what 6.why/that7.what8.whether/if9.what 10.that层级三1．What 2.that 3.whether 4.why 5.How 6.who7．that8.that9.when10.because语法链接写作1．What surprised me was that my dad allowed me to use the money as I wished.2．No one can deny the fact that online learning is becoming more and more popular.3．I’m sorry that I can’t go out with you as planned.The reason is that my younger brother broke his leg the other day and I must look after him.4．The exhibition is fantastic and shows the charm of Chinese culture.This is why I would like to recommend my fellow students to attend this art show as well.5．I recommend that you (should) choose the Listening and Speaking course，because the course is entirely taught in Chinese，which will benefit you a lot.第3讲并列句和状语从句考点精讲一对点练习 1.while 2.when 3.or 4.but/yet 5.so考点精讲二对点练习 1.until 2.before 3.than 4.before 5.since考点精讲三对点练习 1.if 2.Wherever 3.as/though 4.that 5.because/as 6.that7.though/if8.how 解题策略1．and 2.While 3.because 4.before考点分层演练层级一1．that 2.because/as 3.but 4.and 5.when 6.while7．if8.though/although9.until/till 10.whatever层级二1．and 2.but/yet 3.or 4.because 5.whether 6.until/till7．or8.When/As9.if/though 10.unless层级三1．who/that 2.than 3.visiting 4.when 5.While/Though/Although 6.but7.higher8.If 9.for10.but语法链接写作1．Not only does the ocean offer us sufficient food，but it also maintains the balance of nature. 2．Come to the exhibition，and you will enjoy a visual feast.3．So difficult and painful for me was writing that my teacher had allowed me to present my paper on the sinking of the Titanic by acting out a play，where I played all the parts.4．We were looking for a place to put up the tent when Mother told us that she had forgotten to take it.5．Not until yesterday was I informed that our class was going to hold an important meeting this weekend—exactly the time when we shall meet.第4讲特殊句式考点精讲一对点练习 1.and 2.What 3.that考点精讲二对点练习 1.live 2.as/though 3.did 4.are 5.did考点精讲三对点练习 1.expected 2.writing 3.dealt 4.to make解题策略1．are 2.that考点分层演练层级一1．that 2.Sitting 3.warned 4.were 5.that 6.If层级二1．that 2.Were 3.that 4.did 5.came层级三1．a 2.that 3.without 4.continuing 5.permission6．logical7.were said8.further 9.Inspired10.whose语法链接写作1．What a fantastic Chinese painting show it is!2．“Hurry up，or the bear will catch up with us，” said Elli.3．It was at that festival that you shared so many interesting things about your country.4．Only when all the people make their efforts to protect the ocean will the ocean environment become better and better.5．So happy was Bernard that he gave John a big hug.6．In the backyard were two happy dogs tumbling about on the grassland.。

单词变形归纳总结英语单词的变形形式繁多，包括名词的单复数、动词的时态和语态、形容词的比较级和最高级等。

对于学习者来说，掌握这些变形形式是非常重要的，可以帮助提高英语的写作和口语表达能力。

本文将对常见的单词变形形式进行归纳总结，以帮助读者更好地掌握英语单词的变形规律。

1. 名词的单复数变形：- 大多数名词在词尾加-s来表示复数，如dogs、cats。

- 以-s、-sh、-ch、-x和-o结尾的名词，单数形式后加-es，如watches、bushes、boxes、potatoes。

- 以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，变-y为-i，再加-es，如parties、berries。

- 以-f或-fe结尾的名词，变-f或-fe为-ves，如leaves、wives。

- 一些名词的复数形式不变，如sheep、deer。

2. 动词的时态和语态变形：- 一般现在时：动词原形，如play、go。

- 一般过去时：动词过去式，如played、went。

- 现在分词：动词原形+ing，如playing、going。

- 过去分词：动词过去式+ed，如played、gone。

- 现在完成时：have/has+过去分词，如have played、has gone。

- 被动语态：be+过去分词，如is played、was gone。

3. 形容词的比较级和最高级变形：- 一般比较级：在形容词后加-er，如bigger、happier。

- 一般最高级：在形容词后加-est，如biggest、happiest。

- 以字母e结尾的形容词，比较级和最高级直接加-r和-st，如nicer、oldest。

- 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，变-y为-i，再加-er和-est，如easier、funniest。

- 以重读闭音节结尾的单音节形容词和部分双音节形容词，双写末尾辅音字母，再加-er和-est，如bigger、wettest。

4. 副词的比较级和最高级变形：- 一般比较级：在副词后加-er，如faster、happier。

第五讲构词法高考感悟真题体验1.[2021·浙江6月卷] In 1844 they bought it for $1，200 and some land from Charles Dresser，who performed their _________ (marry)ceremony in 1842.2.[2021·全国乙卷]It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler tobecome _________(educate) about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics，and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _________ (develop) of the local areas.3.[2020·北京卷]Because of the confidence she inspired in me，I've carved out a _________ (success) profession as a journalist.4.[2020·北京卷]Oliver says if you're _________ (luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking，ask them if/whether you can join in when it's possible.●考点研析多维讲练●考点一名词的构词规律★★★★★1.动词变名词的后缀(1)-al表示人、物、行为、状态(特殊：去e＋-al)approve 赞成→approval 赞成survive 幸存→survival 幸存arrive 到达→arrival 到达；到达者；到来物refuse 拒绝→refusal 拒绝propose 提议→proposal 提议；建议(2)-ance/-ence表示性质、状态或行为appear 出现→appearance 出现；外貌perform 表演→performance 表演exist 存在→existence 存在prefer 较喜欢→preference 偏爱refer 参考；查阅→reference 参考；查阅depend 依靠→dependence 依赖；依靠guide 指引→guidance 引导；指导(3)-ion/-tion/-ation表示状态或行为direct 指挥；指导→direction 方向；指导expect 期待→expectation 期待；期望explain 解释→explanation 解释invite 邀请→invitation 邀请；请柬solve 解决→solution 解决compete 竞争→competition 比赛；竞争pronounce 发音→pronunciation 发音describe 描述→description 描写repeat 重复→repetition 重复(4)-s(s)ion表示行为或状态discuss 讨论→discussion 讨论admit 承认→admission 承认；准许加入decide 决定→decision 决定(5)-ing具有……(特征)的hear 听→hearing 听力；听觉listen 听→listening 听；听力begin 开始→beginning 开始部分(6)-ment表示行为、结果等achieve 达到；完成→achievement 成就develop 发展→development 发展(去e)argue 争论→argument 争论；论据(7)-ure/-ture表示行为或状态fail 失败→failure 失败press 压；挤→pressure 压力mix 混合→mixture 混合物expose 暴露→exposure 面临；暴露(8)-y表示……的动作(或过程)recover 恢复→recovery 恢复；痊愈discover 发现→discovery 发现(9)其他常见变化：choose 选择→choice 选择vary 相异→variety 多样化；品种tend 倾向→tendency 趋向；趋势grow 生长→growth 生长marry 结婚→marriage 婚姻carry 搬→carriage 客车厢；运输pack 收拾(行李)→package 包；盒post 邮寄→postage 邮资；邮费store 贮存→storage 贮存2.形容词变名词的后缀(1)-cy表示性质、状态fluent 流利→fluency 流利；流畅accurate 准确的→accuracy 准确(性) private 私有的→privacy 隐私efficient 效率高的→efficiency 效率(2)-dom表示地位、状况等free 自由的→freedom 自由wise 明智的→wisdom 智慧(3)-ness表示性质、状态dark黑的→darkness 黑暗weak 虚弱的→weakness 虚弱kind 友好的→kindness 善良cold 寒冷的→coldness 冷淡；冷漠aware 知道的；意识到的→awareness 知道；意识(4)-th表示结果、过程、性质、状态warm 温暖的→warmth 温暖true 真的→truth 真相deep 深的→depth 深(度)strong 强壮的→strength 力量long 长的→length 长度wide 宽的→width 宽度(5)-y/-ity表示性质或状态difficult 困难的→difficulty 困难honest 诚实的→honesty 诚实safe 安全的→safety 安全cruel 残忍的→cruelty 残忍responsible 负责的→responsibility 责任(6)-ent变为-ence，-ant变为-ance，-nd变为-nsedifferent 不同的→difference 不同(之处)silent 沉默的；不说话的→silence 寂静respond 回应→response 响应patient有耐心的→patience 耐心absent缺席的→absence 缺席present 出席的→presence 出席confident 自信的→confidence 信心convenient方便的→convenience 便利important重要的→importance 重要(性)defend防御；保卫→defense/defence 防御；保护◎即学即练(单句语法填空)1.[2022·山东省泰安市模拟] In the eyes of the Yi people，fire is the symbol of light，whichis believed to have the ability to drive away insects and pests and protect the _________ (grow) of crops.2.[2022·南昌二中、河南省实验中学联考] This _________ (achieve) marks that China hasreached the first great breakthrough on the path to full-scale quantum computing—a quantum computational advantage，also known as “quantum supremacy”．3.[2022·银川市考前适应性训练]“The new robotic arms cost no more than 1，000 yuan，”said Chen Xiaoping，_________ (direct) of the Robotics Laboratory at USTC，adding that this gives them an advantage for much wider application.4.[2022·湖南长郡中学二模] Chinese people are proud of their food. However，whenforeigners like Britons think of Chinese food，their _________ (impress) of it is different to what you might think.考点二形容词和副词的词形转换★★★★★1.形容词的构词规律提示如何区分-ed形容词与-ing形容词解决此类问题有两个切入点：第一，看语境表示的是“令人……”(-ing)，还是“感到……”(-ed)；第二，看语境说明的是性质特征(-ing)，还是感受(-ed)。

第3讲构词法[全国卷考情分析][题组试做]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2019·湖北七市联考)Flowering in May, peonies' large petals and strongcolors are linked to prosperity and (rich) in traditional Chinese culture.richness[考查名词。

空前and一词决定其前后单词词性相同，and前prosperity(繁荣)是名词，所以空处应该也是名词，形容词rich的名词是richness。

]2．(2019·武汉武昌区调研)In fact, it must have a hard struggle to get its (free) from the cocoon.freedom[考查名词。

空处前面是形容词性物主代词its，形容词性物主代词后面要接名词，所以填名词freedom。

]3．(2019·合肥第一次教学质量检测)Senior experts from UNESCO were amazed at itsunique natural scenery, near perfect biological system, and creative (combine) of nature and humanism.combination[考查名词。

由前面的形容词creative和后面的of可知，此处应用combine的名词形式。

]4．(2019·江西五校第一次联考)The United Nations agency reported this week the12 superbugs are a threat to human (healthy)．health[考查名词。

介词后跟名词、代词或动词­ing形式作宾语。

human health意为“人类健康”，作介词to的宾语。

语法专项突破专题二需要“变形”的名词、数词、形容词和副词第3讲词性转化(构词法)一、动词/形容词转化为名词的规律1.动词变名词的后缀2.形容词变名词的后缀二、名词/动词转化为形容词的规律三、形容词转化为副词的规律❖厘清两种情况，突破词性转化❖一、从句法功用上看，厘清“修饰”与“被修饰”1.名词在句中做宾语，被冠词或形容词或形容词性物主代词所修饰。

[例1] She is determined to carry on with her __________(educate).[例2] Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced the __________(develop) of chopsticks.2.形容词在句中做定语，常放在名词之前[例3]It was a relief and I came to a _________(suddenly) stop just in the middle of the road.3.形容词在句中作表语，常放在be, get, become, remain等系动词后[例4]At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be _________(freely) from them.4.形容词在句中作宾语补足语，之前常有使役动词、感官动词或介词with加名词或代词[例5] As I walked, I looked up, trying to realize what made this day so ___________(beauty).5.副词在句中修饰动词[例6]The title will be _________(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.6.副词在句中修饰形容词或其他副词[例7]Dad and I were __________(terrible) worried.7.副词用在句首，修饰整个句子，表示状态、原因等。

英语中的名词，形容词，动词，副词互变规律有哪些？一．名词变形容词：1．名词后加-y,luck→lucky,cloud→cloudy, wind→windy, rain →rainysun→sunny,snow→snowy, noise-noisy, health→healthy2．在名词后加-ly,friend →friendly, love→lovely, day→daily3．方位名词加-ern，如：east→ eastern, west→westernsouth→souther, nnorth→northern二．动词变形容词1.词尾加ful:use-useful, care-careful, help-helpful,thank-thankful, peace-peaceful,forget-forgetful, play-playful,succeed-successful, wonder-wonderful2.词尾加d 或ed:please-pleased, unite-united, excite-excited,surprise-surprised, organize-organized, close-closed,wound-wounded, relax-relaxed, develop-developed,appreciate-appreciated, frustrate-frustrated,interest-interested, annoy-annoyed, use-used,frighten-frightened, crowd-crowded, thrill-thrilled,pollute-polluted3.词尾加ing:interest-interesting, surprise-surprising, excite-exciting, develop-developing, frighten-frightening, thrill-thyrilling, frustrate-frustrating, relax_relaxing, live-living, rock-rocking, sleep-sleeping4.词尾变y 为i,加ed:worry-worried, marry-married, fry-fried, terrify-terrifie, dsatisfy-satisfied5.词尾加able:know-knowledgeable, enjoy-enjoyabe, suit-suitable，adjust-adjustable, comfort-comfortable6.其它：lose-lost, fool-foolish, live-livelysleep-sleepy/sleeping/asleep, wake-awake, taste-tastyspeak-spoken, break-broken, die-dead, educate-aducational,world-worldwide三．形容词变副词规律小结1.大部分形容词加lycareless----carelessly, quiet----quietly, different----differently2.以le 结尾的形容词变le 为lypossible----possibly, terrible----terribly, comfortable----comfortably gentle----gently, simple----simply3.以y 结尾的形容词变y 为ilyeasy----easily, angry----angrily, noisy----noisily, happy----happilyheavy----heavily, healthy----healthily不规则变化:本身既是形容词也是副词，无需改变fast----fastearly----earlyhigh----highhard----hardlate----latefar----farwide----widealone----alone形容词和副词为完全不同的单词good----well需要去掉字母e 的单词true----trulygentle----gentlyterrible----terribly虽然以ly 结尾，但却是形容词，不能直接用来修饰动词Friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, Likely有些形容词本身即为副词，同时也有加ly 的副词形式。

英语形容词，名词，动词，副词互变方法规律之阿布丰王创作一．名词变形容词：1．名词后加-y, 如：luck→lucky, cloud→cloudy; wind→windy; rain→rainy;sun→sunny, snow→snowy noise-noisy health→healthy2．在名词后加-ly, 如：friend→friendly love→lovely day→daily3．方位名词加-ern，如：east→eastern west→westernsouth→southern north→northern二．动词变形容词1.词尾加ful:use - useful, care - careful, help - helpful,thank - thankfulpeace - peaceful,forget - forgetful, play - playful,succeed - successful, wonder - wonderful2.词尾加d或ed:please - pleased, unite - united, excite - excited,surprise - surprised, organize - organized, close - closed,wound - wounded, relax - relaxed,develop - developed,appreciate - appreciated,frustrate - frustrated,interest - interested, annoy - annoyed, use - used,frighten - frightened, crowd - crowded, thrill - thrilled,pollute - polluted3.词尾加ing:interest - interesting,surprise - surprising,excite - excitingdevelop - developing,frighten - frightening,thrill - thyrillingfrustrate - frustrating,relax _ relaxing,live - livingrock - rocking,sleep - sleeping4.词尾变y为i,加ed:worry - worried, marry - married,fry - fried, terrify - terrifiedsatisfy - satisfied5.词尾加able:know - knowledgeable, enjoy - enjoyabe,suit - suitable，adjust - adjustable, comfort - comfortable6.其它：lose - lost, fool - foolish, live - livelysleep - sleepy / sleeping / asleep,wake - awake, taste - tastyspeak - spoken, break - broken, die - dead, educate - aducational,world - worldwide三．形容词变副词规律小结例词1.大部分形容词加lycareless----carelesslyquiet----quietlydifferent----differently2.以le结尾的形容词变le为ly possible----possiblyterrible----terriblycomfortable----comfortably gentle----gentlysimple----simply3.以y结尾的形容词变y为ilyeasy----easilyangry----angrilynoisy----noisilyhappy----happilyheavy----heavilyhealthy----healthily不规则变更自己既是形容词也是副词，无需改变fast----fastearly----earlyhigh----highhard----hardlate----latefar----farwide----widealone----alone形容词和副词为完全分歧的单词good----well需要去掉字母e的单词true----trulygentle----gentlyterrible----terribly虽然以ly结尾，但却是形容词，不克不及直接用来修饰动词friendlylivelylovelylonelyLikely有些形容词自己即为副词，同时也有加ly的副词形式。

第1讲名词和数词[全国卷考情分析]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2019·福州四校联考)I have noticed how the music canchange one's view, and I am thankful for the way musicianswork to the best of their (able) to provide thismusic for their audience.abilities[考查词性转换。

根据空前的their可知，空处应用名词形式，且ability作“能力”讲时为可数名词，结合语境可知，应用其复数形式，故填abilities。

to the best of one'sability “竭尽全力”。

]2．(2019·沈阳质量监测一)China has once again showed itsability to change the world with its “four great new (invent)”—high­speed rail, electronic payment, shared bicycle, and online shopping.inventions[考查名词和名词的数。

前面有four great new修饰，故用其对应名词的复数形式，故填inventions。

]3．(2019·陕西质量检测一)Like many other (university) at that time, the Harvard at the early stageoften ran into financial crisis. The school board often hadto go to Europe to raise (donate), but as you can predict, they often came back with their hands empty.universities[考查名词的复数形式。

考点一名词一、可数名词Mr Smith is very busy because he runs several companies①.He works seven days① a week and 12 months② a year.In his spare time he likes watching football matches③.He likes eating tomatoes④ but he doesn’t eat vegetables with leaves⑤.He has two pet horses⑥ and he often rides them with his friends on Mr Black’s farm⑦ because he thinks the scenery of the farm⑧ is very beautiful.Mr Black is a friend of his⑨，who raises some cows and goats.注释：1.可数名词变复数①以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es；以元音字母加y结尾的名词，加-s。

②以-th 结尾的名词加-s。

③以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词后加-es(如果词尾-ch发音为/k/，要加-s，如stomach)。

④以-o结尾加-es 的单词有：英雄(heroes)吃土豆(potatoes)番茄(tomatoes)，其他多直接加-s。

⑤以-f或-fe结尾的词，多变f或fe为v，再加-es。

但也有直接加-s的单词，如：屋顶(roof)上的首领(chief)有信仰(belief)。

⑥更多的可数名词是直接加-s。

2．名词作定语往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。

多为单数名词作定语，但woman，man作定语时，要用复数形式表达复数概念。

3．名词的所有格⑦有生命名词，不以-s结尾的名词加-’s；以-s结尾的单数名词和复数名词都加-’。

高中英语词汇变形
高中英语词汇变形包括名词变形、动词变形和形容词变形等。

以下是一些常见的高中英语词汇变形示例:
1. 名词变形
- 动词名词化：例如，“read”可以变成“reading”。

- 形容词名词化：例如，“happy”可以变成“happiness”。

- 外来语名词化：例如，“soccer”可以变成“football”。

2. 动词变形
- 动词变成形容词：例如，“run”可以变成“running”。

- 动词变成副词：例如，“run”可以变成“running”。

- 动词变成名词：例如，“sing”可以变成“song”。

3. 形容词变形
- 形容词变成副词：例如，“happy”可以变成“happily”。

- 形容词变成名词：例如，“unhappy”可以变成“unhappiness”。

- 形容词变成动词：例如，“happy”可以变成“be happy”。

高中英语词汇变形是英语学习中非常重要的一环，掌握这些变形方式可以帮助学生更好地理解和表达英语语言。

专题二需要“变形”的名词、形容词和副词第五讲形容词和副词1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ·语法填空)Landing on the moon's far side is________(extreme)challenging.解析：考查副词。

句意：登陆月球的背面是极具挑战性的。

空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme 的副词形式，故填extremely。

答案：extremely2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ·语法填空)________(certain)during the holiday period，this plant is a must.解析：考查副词。

句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。

介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。

故填Certainly。

答案：Certainly3．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ·语法填空)The________(beauty)long branches covered with pink-colored buds(蓓蕾)make fantastic decorations.解析：考查形容词。

句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。

修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。

故填beautiful。

答案：beautiful4．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ·语法填空)As the small boat moved，________(gentle)along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.解析：考查副词。

句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。

此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地。

落堕市安心阳光实验学校专题二需要“变形”的名词、形容词和副词（三）词性转换（构词法）单句语法填空1．Mount Vesuvius had not erupted for centuries, so the people of Pompeii felt that they were in (safe)．safety解析：句意：维苏威火山几个世纪以来都没有爆发过，所以庞培的人们感到他们是安全的。

in safety意为“安全”，是固定短语。

2．The Theater District is a popular tourist (attract) in New York City.attraction解析：句意：剧院区是纽约一个很受欢迎的旅游胜地。

设空处作is的表语，其前有不定冠词a及popular tourist修饰，应用名词单数。

3．At first people there found the Chinese and their work very strange. My father often saw people running after trains out of (curious)．curiosity解析：句意：起初，那里的人们发现中国人和他们的工作很奇怪。

我父亲经常看到人们出于好奇而追赶火车。

介词of后应使用名词，此处是短语out of curiosity“出于好奇”。

4．The boy gave his classmate a (describe) of what he had seen on his way to school.description解析：空格前有不定冠词，空格后有介词of，故此处填名词。

5．People who are far­sighted can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at an arm’s (long)．length解析：此处表示除非放在一臂远的距离外。