语法复习 现在完成时 被动语态
- 格式:doc
- 大小:39.00 KB
- 文档页数:6
现在完成时的被动语态句型结构现在完成时的被动语态是英语中常用的一种句型结构,它表示某个动作或状态已经发生,并且强调其结果或影响。
下面将详细介绍现在完成时的被动语态句型结构。
1. 结构现在完成时的被动语态由“have/has been + 过去分词”组成。
其中,“have/has”表示主语已经经历了某个过程,而“been”则表示这个过程是以被动形式进行的。
“过去分词”则是指原来的动词变为了过去式形式。
例如:- The book has been read by many people.(这本书已经被很多人读过了。
)- The car has been repaired by the mechanic.(这辆车已经被修理工修好了。
)2. 用法现在完成时的被动语态通常用于以下情况:(1) 强调结果:该句型可以强调一个行为、事件或状态所带来的结果,而不关注具体执行者。
例如:- The cake has been eaten.(蛋糕已经吃掉了。
)- The report has been submitted to the manager. (报告已提交给经理。
)(2) 描述事实:该句型也可以描述一件事情发生后留下来的事实和状况。
例如:- Many houses have been destroyed in the earthquake.(地震摧毁了许多房屋。
)- A lot of money has been spent on this project so far. (到目前为止,在这个项目上花费了大量资金。
)(3) 表示重复性行为:有些行为可能会反复进行,此时使用现在完成时的被动语态可以更准确地表达出这种意思。
例如:- This room hasn't been cleaned for weeks! (这间房子几周没打扫过啦!)- How many times have you been told not to touch that? (你听说那东西不能碰多少次啦?)3. 注意点当使用现在完成时的被动语态时需要注意以下几点:(1) 主要谓语必须是“have/has”,否则就不符合该句型结构规范;(2) 被强调对象应放置于“by”的后面;(3) 当没有明确提及执行者或无需知道执行者身份时,则可省略“by”。
现在完成时被动语态的例句现在完成时被动语态指的是在现在进行状态下发生的动作,其语态为被动,比较常见的有以下几种:
1. 完成时被动语态:has/have been + 过去分词。
例句:The car has been repaired by the mechanic.
这句话的意思是“这辆车已经被修理师修理好了”。
在这个例子中,我们可以看到完成时被动语态的使用,主语是“车”,动词是“修理”,被动语态是“被修理师”。
2. 完成时被动语态否定句:has/have not been + 过去分词。
例句:The problem has not been solved yet.
这句话的意思是“这个问题还没有解决”。
同样地,我们可以看到完成时被动语态的使用,主语是“问题”,动词是“解决”,被动语态是“被解决”。
3. 完成时被动语态疑问句:has/have + 主语 + been + 过去分词?
例句:Have the packages been delivered to the customers?
这句话的意思是“这些包裹已经发给了顾客吗?”同样地,我们可以看到完成时被动语态的使用,主语是“包裹”,动词是“发”,被动语态是“被发”。
完成时被动语态可以帮助我们表达已经完成的动作,同时强调被
动语态,即强调动作的对象是被动的。
因此,在英语写作中,正确使
用完成时被动语态是非常重要的技巧,也会让你的文章更加生动有力。
现在完成时的被动语态have been done是现在完成时的被动语态结构。
现在完成时被动语态用法是高考的重要考点,学习时候应该注意下列几点:一、掌握现在完成时被动语态的构成现在完成时被动语态的结构为has/ have been done, 使用has been done时主语为单数,使用have been done时主语为复数。
如:This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书已被译为多国语言。
His bikes have been sold out. 他的自行车已都卖完了。
二、理解现在完成时被动语态的概念现在完成时被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作,它有两层意思:1) 动作已经完成,强调对现在造成的影响或结果:2)主语与谓语动词之间为被动关系。
如:Our classroom has been cleaned, you needn't clean it now.我们的教室已经被打扫过,你现在没必要再打扫了。
These flowers have been watered, you can go home. 这些花已经被浇水了,你可以回家了。
三、现在完成时被动语态的用法1、用于不知道动作执行者是谁时His bike has been stolen. 他的自行车被人偷了。
(不清楚是被谁偷的)2、用于动作执行者是泛指或不言自明时Not a book in the library has been taken away. 图书馆里的书没有一本被人拿走。
(没人拿书,泛指)3、用于可以说出动作执行者但动作承受者是谈话中心或特别需要强调时My watch has been repaired. 我的表修好了。
(表修好了是谈话的主旨,是谁修好无关紧要。
不必提及)4、用于出于委婉、礼貌而避免提及自己或对方时Enough has been said here on this question. 关于这个问题,这里已经谈得不少了。
现在完成时的被动语态笔记现在完成时的被动语态是由助动词have的过去分词形式"have been"与及物动词的过去分词形式构成。
其基本结构为“主语+have/has been+及物动词的过去分词+by引导的方式状语”。
下面是一些关于现在完成时被动语态的详细解释和示例:1. 定义现在完成时的被动语态表示某个动作已经被完成,且与现在存在一定的关联或影响。
2. 结构主语 + have/has been + 过去分词(及物动词)+ by引导的方式状语(可选)3. 时态标志have/has been + 过去分词4. 用法当不知道或不需要强调动作的执行者时,使用被动语态。
当强调动作对主语的影响或状态时,使用被动语态。
5. 注意事项被动语态中的by引导的方式状语不是必须的,但如果使用,则可以提供关于动作执行者的更多信息。
在被动语态中,句子的主语是动作的接受者,而不是执行者。
现在完成时的被动语态可以与already, just, yet等副词连用,表示动作是否已经完成。
现在完成时的被动语态也可以与时间状语连用,表示某个动作发生在过去,并对现在有影响或状态。
6. 示例The book has been written by the author. (这本书已经被作者写完了。
) The movie has been directed by the famous director. (这部电影已经被那位著名导演导演了。
)The project has already been completed by the team. (这个项目已经被团队完成了。
)。
一、一般现在时1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言,目前的特征、状态、能力等。
2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
如:I’ll go there after I finish my work./ If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there.3.在以here,there开头的句子里,go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。
例如:There goes the bell.铃响了。
There comes the bus.汽车来了。
Here she comes.她来了。
二、现在进行时1.表示正在进行的动作。
2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。
例如:She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。
He is working as a teacher tomorrow.从明天起他要做老师。
My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。
3.代替一般现在时,描绘更加生动。
例如:The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滚滚向东流。
The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。
4.大多数动词可用于进行时,但也有些动词不用于进行时。
常见的有:exist,live,understand,mean,owe,belong to ,know,doubt,suppose,remember,forget,believe,trust,want,wish,refuse,like,hate,dislike,prefer,mind,hope等。
三、现在完成时1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,或说话时已完成的动作。
例如:I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.2.表示从过去开始,待续到现在的动作或状态,往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。
现在完成时的被动语态一、现在完成时◆现在完成时的基本结构have / has + done◆现在完成时的用法:(1)表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money (so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿) (2)表示从过去的动作或状态,持续到现在,并有可能持续下去。
或表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在成为一种经验,一般译为汉语“过”。
可用于“How long…?”句型中。
He has taught here since 1981.(可能还要继续教)I haven't seen her for four years.I have been to Beijing twice.How long has this film been on?二、现在完成时的被动语态◆现在完成时被动语态的基本结构:have/has +_______ done现在完成时被动语态的否定结构:complete______________ admit_______________ raise______________ replace______________ advertise_____________ solve_____________1. She has cleaned the windows.(改成被动语态)主语谓语宾语The windows (by her).主语谓语2. He hasn’t washed the dirty clothes. (改成被动语态)____________________________________________将下列句子改成被动语态。
1. Mary has locked the door.2. I have finished my homework.3. I have read this book many times.4. Tom has not repaired the computer.5. Jane has referred to the book.6. We have put up a notice on the wall.三、注意事项:1.与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。
08.现在完成时的被动语态吴国斌现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作持续到现在或对现在造成的影响或结果。
1.现在完成时的被动语态的结构:have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词2.现在完成时的被动语态的形式:(1)肯定式:主语+ have/has+been+及物动词的过去分词+其他。
The car has been repaired.这辆汽车已经被修理过了。
(2)否定式:主语+ have/has+not+been+及物动词的过去分词+其他。
The house hasn’t been cleaned for a long time.这所房子很久没有打扫了。
(3)一般疑问式:Have/Has+主语+been+及物动词的过去分词+其他?Has my letter been received?你收到我的信了吗?(4)特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been+及物动词的过去分词+其他?How long has the car been used?这辆汽车用了多长时间了?3.学习现在完成时的被动语态应该注意以下几点:(1)现在完成时的被动语态同主动语态一样强调过去动作的延续或对现在造成的影响。
That important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks.那个重要的问题已经讨论近两周了。
How many new words have been learned by the students?这些学生已经学会了多少生词?(2)被动语态没有完成进行时态,现在完成进行时的主动语态改为被动语态时用现在完成时。
He has been writing the report for two days.变为被动语态应为:The report has been written by him for two days.那份报告他已经写了两天了。
牛津英语2020中考语法专项复习---被动语态一、各种时态的被动语态一般现在时:am/is/are+动词过去分词E.g :Cars are made by them.一般过去时:was/were+动词过去分词E.g :The MP3 was bought by my father.一般将来时:will/shall/be going to be+动词过去分词E.g :The bridge will be completed in ten days.现在完成时:have/has been+动词过去分词E.g :The meeting has been put off.二、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
歌诀是:情态动词变动,情态加be加“过分”。
例如:we can repair this watch in two days. →This watch can be repaired in two days.We must finish this work soon. →This work must be done soon.We have to clean the classroom. → The classroom has to be cleaned by us.三、主动语态变被动语态需要注意的几个问题.(1)时态保持一致。
I have repaired my computer.---My computer has been repaired.(2)如果要说出动作的执行者,并且这个执行者可以作主动语态中主语时,就用by短语,如果后面的词表示地点,不是动作的执行者,就用in短语。
It is made by us. It is made in Wuhan.(3)主动句的主语是代词的主格形式,变成被动句by的宾语时要用其宾格形式。
语法之被动语态的构成与作用被动语态是英文语法中的一种重要句式结构,本文将探讨被动语态的构成以及其在语言表达中的作用。
一、被动语态的构成被动语态由“be”动词的不同形式以及及物动词的过去分词构成。
根据不同的时态和人称,被动语态的构成形式有所区别。
1. 现在时被动语态:am/is/are + 过去分词例如:- 主动语态:My father cleans the house every day.- 被动语态:The house is cleaned by my father every day.2. 过去时被动语态:was/were + 过去分词例如:- 主动语态:The students visited the museum last week.- 被动语态:The museum was visited by the students last week.3. 将来时被动语态:will be + 过去分词例如:- 主动语态:They will finish the project tomorrow.- 被动语态:The project will be finished by them tomorrow.4. 现在完成时被动语态:have/has been + 过去分词例如:- 主动语态:She has written a book.- 被动语态:A book has been written by her.二、被动语态的作用1. 强调对动作的接受者或结果的重视被动语态使得句子的重点从执行动作的主体转移到动作的接受者或结果上。
这有助于强调某个特定的对象或事物。
比如:- 主动语态:The chef cooked a delicious meal.- 被动语态:A delicious meal was cooked by the chef.2. 不明确动作的执行者在一些情况下,我们并不知道动作的执行者是谁或者并不重要。
现在完成时
一.用法:
1.过去发生或已发生对现在仍造成影响。
Eg:Would you like to go to see the film?
No, I’ve seen it already.
2.过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
Eg:I have taught in this school for 5 years.
二.时间状语:
before,already,yet,never,ever,---times, just, In the last/past 3 years,
so far,up to now, recently,
for the first time ,
for+段时间,since+过去时,
三.结构:
主+have/has done
主+haven’t /hasn’t done
一般疑问句:Have/Has 提前,后面不变四、过去分词
过去分词有规则与不规则两种。
1.规则的变化形式与动词的过去式一样
2.不规则动词过去式和过去分词
A. 原型:过去式和过去分词完全不同drink---drank----drunk
ring----rang-----rung
swim----swam----swum
sing----sang----sung
sink----sank----sunk
blow----blew----blown
grow----grew----grown
know---knew---known
fly----flew----flown
take----took----taken
shake----shook----shaken drive----drove----driven
write---wrote---written
rise---rose---risen
ride----rode----ridden
speak----spoke----spoken steal----stole----stolen
break----broke----broken wake----woke----woken freeze----froze----frozen forget----forgot----forgotten choose----chose--chosen
draw----drew----drawn
eat----ate----eaten
fall----fell----fallen
give----gave----given
hide----hid----hidden
do----did----done
see----saw----seen
B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同bright--brought--brought think--thought--thought
fight--fought—fought
buy--bought--bought
catch--caught--caught
sell----sold----sold
tell--told--told
say--said--said
pay----paid----paid
send--sent--sent
lend--lent--lent
spend--spent--spent
burn--burnt--burnt
learn--learnt—learnt
mean--meant--meant
feel--felt--felt
smell----smelt----smelt
sleep--slept--slept
sweep-swept--swept
leave--left--left
build--built--built
lose--lost--lost
get--got—got
meet--met—met
sit--sat--sat
lead--led--led
shoot--shot--shot
spit--spat--spat
have--had—had
hold--held—held make--made----made stand----stood---stood
hear----heard----heard
find----found----found
dig----dug----dug
shine----shone----shone
win----won----won
understand----understood----understood C.原型与过去分词相同
come----came----come
run----ran----run
become----became----become
D.原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同cast--cast--cast cut--cut--cut
put--put--put let--let--let
set--set--set hit--hit--hit
五.短暂性变延续性:
close—be closed
open—be open
die—be dead
Finish—be over
start/begin—be on
borrow—keep
go/leave—be away
buy—have come—be here
come to –be in go out –be out stop—be over
catch a cold—have a cold
join—be in组织/be a member of
被动语态
一般现在时:am / is / are done
一般过去时:was / were done
现在进行时:am / is / are being done
过去进行时:was / were being done
现在完成时:have / has been done
过去完成时:had been done
一般将来时:shall / will be done ; be going to be done
当句中含有情态动词时,句子结构为should/can / must / have to…be done
1.She allows me to go out.
2.I bought a book yesterday.
3.She will write a letter
4.We have cleaned the room.
5.They are cleaning the room.
6.The baby-sitter can take good care of the baby.
7.Parents should allow children to study in groups.
8.Li Ping gave him an apple.
9.She bought me a new skirt.
10.The boss made him work 10 hours.
11.I saw the boy read the book.
12.I saw him playing football.
13.Great change s_________(happen)in China in the last few years.
14.This kind of fish ____(taste)___(好)and _____(sell)______(好).
现在完成时态
1.H e ____(study ) English for two days .
2.T hey_____( learn ) it since two days ago .
3.H ow long ____she _____(live) there ?
4.I ___ already ___(finish) the work.
5.T he dog ___(die ) for two days.
6.I ____(buy ) the book for two days.
7.T he film ____(begin ) for two days.
8.T he shop ___(open ) since two days ago.
9.H ow long ___ you ___( borrow ) the book ?
10.He ____(join ) the Army two days ago .
11.He ____( join ) the Army for two days.
12.The dog ____(die) two days ago.
13.The dog ____(die) for two days .
14.Two days ___ ____ since the dog ___.
15.It’s ___ ____ since the dog ___.
16.How long ____ the dog____(die).
17.I ___(buy ) the book last week .
18.I ___( buy) the book for a week .
19.How long ___ you ____(buy) the book ?
20.It’s __ ____ since I ___ the book.
21.A week ___ ___ since I ___the book.。