停车场管理系统设计与实现-外文翻译

智能停车场管理系统IntelligentparkingsystemIntelligent parking systemEuropean Journal of Operational Research ; 0377-2217 ; 2006;175volumes; 3Intelligent parking management system uses advanced technology and highly automated mechanical and electrical equipment, mechanical, and electronic computer-controlled equipment, and intelligent IC card technology combine management can be achieved through the computer management of vehicle access, automatic data storage function, the realization of de machine operation and provide - efficient management of the system.Smart new car park will be living concepts and architecture, information technology, computer electronics technology, such as the perfect combination of modern high-tech to provide a simple, easy-to-use, advanced system of human nature. It relies on high-tech, people-oriented, graphical man-machine interface operation, providing a more safe, comfortable, convenient, fast and open intelligent, information-based living space, promoting the healthy development of human environment.1 parking lot at home and abroad mainly in the following several types1.1 mechanical parkingMechanical parking car park is mainly a kind of mechanical means parking the car park completely by mechanical parking equipment such as tractor driving machine, driven wheels, car panels, sliding device, control cabinet, called the operation site, Rotary lift devices, handling devices, etc.. Lifting and transferring is divided into categories, vertical circulation category, the levelof cycle-type, multi-cycle-type, flat type of mobile, vertical categories, such as the type of simple movements. Because of its unique and diverse way of parking, has a strong application. It covers an area of the main advantages of small, diverse selection can be combined with site specific characteristics of the design, but also with other means to implement a combination of a high degree of automation, easy operation, management and maintenance is also easier with quantitative parking characteristics.1.2 Plane parking systemIntelligent parking system parking systems for their plane to take the main inductive way IC card readers, so the car park is also called inductive system. At present, China is still in the car park car park is mainly flat, generally built in the basement of buildings, there are a number of public areas such as the Plaza, the road side as the car park, followed by the hotel, enterprises, factories, and other units of their own planning and design of the car park.1.3 Smart parkingIntelligent parking system is also called the vertical lift or elevator-type parking system parking systems. It is a set of equipment, operation, security, monitoring, maintenance, management of the intelligent system as a whole, the touch-screen human-machine interface, operation and use is also very convenient, with intelligent management and charges of the system. Its high degree of intelligence testing and perfecting the service system can be impaired also run zero. It is characterized by the largest original time control functions, the realization of sub-periods, stratified parking control, effectively improve the utilization of parking spaces. Password through the keyboard and the IC card can be realized vehicle access, the process of charging, easy operation and convenient access; and with the city parking system, enabling the city's parking card, and the installation of surveillance systems networking with the area. Another intelligent modular three-dimensional garage have begun to mature, not only to achieve a full modular design, use of intelligent control technology, but also made full use of solar energy technology, energy reserves (energy) technology. Smart Modular three-dimensional garage is no longer a whole building, which is a combination of independent modules, such as parking spaces, lifting devices, such as the smart car parts scattered, when construction of the architecture in a building block as long as the same as the all zero components assembled together, it becomes a standardthree-dimensional garage, with a time-saving and low cost.1.4 Remote-controlled car park management systemIntelligent parking system remote control features of the car park management system is not subject to parking restrictions on the location and direction, as long as the distance between the remote control to openthe door and can be carried under control. Remote control and easy to carry, cheap, easy to install. The main principle is that in the railings and electric machine control box installed on theremote control door controller card and memory card to receive, in use, as long as the correct password for the remote control can control the system. Its products have experienced from the allocation of code and then type the pulse cycle of the development process has matured. Remote-controlled car park management system has been widely used in many European and private residential parking.2 smart parking system characteristics2.1 strict management system chargesArtificial cash for the current charges is not only labor-intensive, low efficiency, and are vulnerable to financial loopholes and cause great loss of cash. The use of IC card management system fees, because fees are recognized by the computer, statistics and records, to avoid errors and cheating, such as a phenomenon, to effectively protect the interests of investors yard.2.2 high-performance securityBecause of the high degree of confidentiality of IC cards, and its encryption spend decades in general computer solution of the time can not, it can not be modeled, from the root system to ensure the credibility and feasibility.2.3 The management of a high degree of safety and soundnessArtificial taking the issue of credit cards where admission card at any time and without omissions recorded, lost car or false lost car occurred from time to time, to the car park management has caused many inconveniences to the parking lot also brought economic losses. Management fees and the use of a computer system, due to various types of card in the computer are detailed records of relevant information; monthly cards and stored value cards can be lost to re-submit a timely manner; hourly rate cardscan also be lost at any time search, the timely processing of .At the same time, the system functions with the image contrast. Both types of parking the vehicle registration number, filing cards, a card dedicated to ensure the safety of parking. When the reader detects vehicle controller, the computer automatically grades and play out this license plate recognition system when the brand re-identification of comparison, the computer screen in real-time display of the number of vehicles out of the population, status, time, and the owner of the information. If the license plate wrong, the computer prompts at any time, and issued a warning not to leave, and other relevant personnel at the scene.2.4 durability and reliablePassive non-contact IC card, the card is generally coil for data transmission and reception of energy use, and all sealed and thereforehave a dust-proof and waterproof function. It should not be read-write heads to avoid the wear and tear tape, interference or failure due to dust accumulation and the head of the phenomenon in general can be used more than 100,000.2.5 Non-contact IC card technology leaderNon-contact IC card is the electromagnetic technology, RF technology, computer technology, code recognition technology integrated application of technology, with excellent water-proof, anti-fouling, anti-oil, anti-corrosion, anti-static and anti-distortion, such as destruction of properties.2.6 establish a good corporate imageGood corporate image is priceless intangible assets, smart parking system, the modernization of the use of high-tech products will no doubt enhance the image and visibility ofproperty management, fee management computer system, in terms of product design, or package system brought about by the nature and management of scientific, management will have to establish a good image, so that virtuous circle of companies who step-by-step, and continuously forge ahead and become a model of scientific management.3 smart parking system equipmentIntelligent parking by the population, export and center management has three major components.3.1 imported parts: the main part of the population by the induction IC card reader, IC card a card machine, intercom extension, video cameras, vehicle sensors, parking detector, the entrance of the control panel, automatic road gates, vehicle detector coil and display parking spaces and so on.3.2 parts exports: exports mainly includes induction by IC card reader, camera, intercom extension, export control panel, automatic road gates, vehicles and vehicle detection coil contrast imaging system.Management Center 3.3: Management fees Management Center computers, monitors, hard disk video recorders, reports, printers, car park management fee component and system software.4 constitutes a smart parking system4.1 parking spaces for display systemThe entire smart parking system is a computerized management system, it needs real-time detection of the parking spaces, the intelligent parking system for this purpose may be to set up a parking space in each detector, through the signal processor into sub-systems managementsoftware, management software by analysis will present thebest parking spaces in the parking spaces to the driver display screen at the same time open spaces and bright lights prompt, suggesting that drivers in this parking. Detector if the parking spaces to the parking garage with no vacancies, the screen display parking "garage fully booked" and the ticket machine shows "full digital garage" and that the vehicle no longer be allowed into the library.4.2 Anti-theft SystemAnti-theft system is a set of parking spaces in various places to install a high-key remote control, which work in parallel parking spaces detector. When the driver stopped the car after the storage operation will be remote control code to the vehicle; when the driver of the bus ready to take the Treasury to operate a remote control decoder to the vehicle. If there is no decoder check car alarm system-related work and linkage alarm or activate video surveillance systems, prevention of vehicle thefts.4.3 Monitoring SystemSurveillance system cameras, controllers, monitors, video recorders composition. The main parking garage for security surveillance, to ensure safe and secure parking.4.4 Image Comparison SystemContrast imaging system consists of cameras, snapshot controller, image processor and other components. When a vehicle or into the library card for the tickets, the capture controller to start a video camera image of the vehicle and the driver together with the votes held by the card or the coexistence of people of the information system of a database. When a vehicle inspection of library card or check, the capture controller again, and start off brand camera photo images, and then with the system database to compare information. If the informationin line road brake automatically released from a column of vehicles; Otherwise, the message is not allowed and automatic alarm.4.5 Export SystemWhen a database of vehicles, the vehicle detector sensor signal out of the Treasury to inform the host computer and prompts the operator to prepare the operation, a video camera at the same time export images of the vehicle identification information and the corresponding number with the computer all the relevant information for comparison , in line with the fee should be calculated automatically and through the toll signs indicate that the driver prompt payment; warning if it does not match, suggesting that vehicle entry fees based on images taken during the manual more than right.Center Management System 4.6 softwareCenter software package management system is the smart parking management system the core of the smart parking system, it functions primarily by strong PC and peripheral equipment such as printers. Management Center can be used as a server device through the bus connection with the subsidiary, the exchange operating data, and data for the operation of automatic statistics, record-keeping. System has a password protection feature to prevent unauthorized management procedures are invasive and have a very strong graphics capabilities, able to plan parking garage, parking spaces occupied by the real-time, import and export, as well as channel opening and closing state of blockade, etc. displayed on the screen, car park to facilitate the management and scheduling. It is not only the construction unit to provide a flexible and effective management style, but also to have the self-maintenancefunction and the expansion of certain functions, in order to adapt to future technology development needs.5 Intelligent parking systemProducts are only to help human beings are becoming more efficient, more convenient and simple to solve the problem. Intelligent parking system as an advanced product is the ultimate human services, it can not be divorced from the principle of people-oriented or advanced technology is a waste. Technology therefore parking should also be in line with local conditions and give full play to all the features of the car park. In addition to the intelligent parking lot outside a number of basic functions should have the following functions.5.1 Induction card(1) long-range sensors;(2) waterproof, Antimagnetic, antistatic, wear-resistant, and information storage capacity, long service life;(3) through the card to pay parking fees, the realization of card functions;(4) to read and write fast, easy to operate;(5) use of non-directional, you can read and write in any direction over the work surface to complete reading and writing;(6) ID card reader and two-way password identification system.5.2 Automatic function(1) accept input signals manually for debugging installation;(2) delay, under-voltage, over-voltage automatic protection;(3) can be a buffer of two lift gate to receive instructions, can be had for cars;(4) gates with RS485 communication interface, an acceptable management fee of the direct control of the computer;(5) unloading device, in order to prevent external damage;(6) with anti control system, ensure the safety of vehicles;(7) photoelectric switch stroke control to replace the mechanical trip switch, long life;(8) compatibility, and to ensure that the needs of different types of customers;(9) with a balance to ensure the operation of light, smooth, small input power;(10) additional emergency manual device to prevent the occurrence of accidents;(11) circuit-wide non-contact control system, ensure the safety of vehicles.5.3 Import and Export function boxes(1) whether the perception of vehicles, car-free or not issuing card reader;(2) temporary user key access cards, access cards do not spit out the card in the specified time automatically close cards, card to avoid wastage;(3) usually show the clock and date;(5) identification card reader, alarm lights are null and void;(6) system at any time sensor reading into the ballot box has been the region's proximity card without lawful authority, a one-time read the card on the card type, card number, report the loss signs, sign into the game, the validity of such data, sent to CPU processing, in accordance with the type of card into the corresponding process, showing card number and state;(7) show the monthly card is valid and the card status (active, expired, report the loss or appearance into state);(8) non-real-time network control panel can operate both the effective operation of all built-in memory, database archiving,and preservation of more than 6000 records. Data can be recorded at any time by the administrator or have permission to access and uninstall leadership.Car park management software 5.4(1) image to identify a two-way comparison function;(2) property management system can read data, automatic generation of cards out of authority;(3) special treatment of special features of vehicles;(4) auto-complete temporary card charges, the effective monthly card release function;(5) set up a variety of billing methods, users choose their own settings;(6) when the graphics card type card reader and card status (active, expired, report the loss, into the state of play, etc.);。

自动化立体车库管理系统的设计(英文文献+CAD图纸)-论文自动化立体车库管理系统的研究(英文文献+CAD图纸)Modeling and specifcations of dynamic agents in fractal manufacturing systemsKwangyeol Ryua, Youngjun Sonb, Mooyoung Junga,*a Department of Industrial Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea Systems and Industrial Engineering Department, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USAb Received 9 September 2002; accepted 16 April 2003Abstract In order to respond to a rapidly changing manufacturing environment and market, manufacturing systems must be flexible, adaptable, and reusable. The fractal manufacturing system (FrMS) is one of the new manufacturing paradigms that address the need for these characteristics. The FrMS is comprised of a number of ‘‘basic components’’, each ofwhich consists of five functional modules: (1) an observer, (2) an analyzer, (3) an organizer, (4) a resolver, and (5) a reporter. Each of these modules, using agent technology, autonomously cooperates and negotiates with others while processing its own jobs. The resulting architecture has a high degree of self-similarity, one of the main characteristics of a fractal. Despite the many conceptual advantages ofthe FrMS, it has not been successfully elaborated and implemented to date because of the difficulties involved in doing so. In this paper, the static functions and dynamic activities of each agent are modeled using the unified modeling language (UML). Then, relationships among agents, working mechanisms of each agent, and several fractal-specific characteristics (selfsimilarity, self-organization, andgoal-orientation) are modeled using the UML. Then, a method for dealing with several types of information such as products, orders, and resources in the FrMS is presented. Finally, a preliminary prototype for the FrMS using AgletsTM is presented. # 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Fractal manufacturing system (FrMS); Agent technology; UML; ModelingAbbreviations: FrMS, fractal manufacturing system; BFU, basicfractal unit; DRP, dynamic restructuring process; UML, uni?ed modeling language; HMS, holonic manufacturing system; BMS, bionic/biological manufacturing system; CNP, contract net protocol; MANPro, mobile agent-based negotiation process; NMA, network monitoring agent; EMA, equipment monitoring agent; SEA, schedule evaluation agent; DRA, dispatching-rule rating agent; RSA, real-time simulation agent; SGA, schedule generation agent; GFA, goal formation agent; TGA, task governing agent; NEA, negotiation agent; KDA, knowledge database agent; DMA, decision-making agent; FSM, fractal status manager; FAM, fractal address manager; REA, restructuring agent; NCA, network command agent; ECA, equipment command agent; STA, system agent; NTA, network agent; MP, materialprocessor; MH, material handler; MT, material transporter; BS, buffer storage; MRP, material removal processor; MFP, material forming processor; MIP, material inspection processor; PD, passive device;FMH, ?xed material handler; MMH, movable material handler; FMT, fixed material transporter; MMT, movable material transporter; ABS, activebuffer storage; PBS, passive buffer storage E-mail address: (M. Jung).* Corresponding author. Tel.: t82-54-279-2191; fax: t82-54-279-5998. 0166-3615/$ – see front matter # 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/S0166-3615(03)00099-X1. IntroductionFacing intensified competition in a growing global market, manufacturing enterprises have been reengineering their production systems to achieve computer integrated manufacturing (CIM). Major goalsof CIM include, but are not necessarily limited to, lowering manufacturing costs, rapidly responding to changing customer demands, shortening lead times, and increasing the quality of products [1–3]. However, the development ofa CIM system is an incredibly complex962>>。

Parking Structures Functional DesignGreg ForceParking Structures:Recommended Practice for Design and Construction, Chapter 2, Parking Structures Functional Design. The United States of America:PCI committee on parking structures. Page 1～6.停车场结构功能设计格雷格力停车场结构的设计和施工建议做法，第2章，停车场结构功能设计。

美国：停车场结构PCI委员会。

1～6页。

2 停车场功能设计2.1 介绍本章概述了多层停车场的许多非结构性方面的设计。

停车场对于车辆的行驶、存取和行人的出行来说是种独特的交通设施，这种特性在车辆与行人的交流发生在相对密封的停车空间里时显得尤为突出。

由于这种独特性，停车设计专业方面的相关咨询已不断发展。

对于停车场细节的完整性以及工程的完成质量，项目所有人或开发商能留住一个合格的停车场顾问是非常重要的。

功能设计包括车辆和行人流通的开发以及停车位的布局。

这其中也包含了操作的和安全功能的设计。

对于自助型的停车场功能设计包括：停车场类型循环系统安全防护街道出入口设计车位配置照明收费控制／操作系统行人流通图形与标牌2.1.1停车场类型2.1.1.1操作类型两种普遍的停车场包括服务型和自助型。

在服务型停车场里，车主将车辆停放在入口处，由服务人员泊车。

当车主返回取车时，服务人员检索找到车辆并驾驶到出口处交给车主。

服务型停车场通常凭借堆叠停放来最大化停车数量（图2-1）。

这种停车场通常位于地价高昂的大城市。

如今，在北美最常见的是自助型停车场，车主自行存取车辆（图2-2）。

本章只讨论自助型停车场的功能设计方法。

2.1.1.2建筑规范类型建筑模型规范通常将停车场分为两类：开放式停车场和停车库。

本科毕业论文——停车场管理系统的设计与实现————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：编号本科生毕业设计停车场管理系统的设计与实现The design and implementation of parking lot managementsystem学生姓名专业计算机科学与技术学号指导教师学院计算机科学技术二〇一三年六月I毕业设计（论文）原创承诺书1．本人承诺：所呈交的毕业设计（论文）《停车场管理系统的设计与实现》，是认真学习理解学校的《长春理工大学本科毕业设计（论文）工作条例》后,在教师的指导下,保质保量独立地完成了任务书中规定的内容,不弄虚作假,不抄袭别人的工作内容.2．本人在毕业设计（论文）中引用他人的观点和研究成果，均在文中加以注释或以参考文献形式列出，对本文的研究工作做出重要贡献的个人和集体均已在文中注明。

3．在毕业设计（论文)中对侵犯任何方面知识产权的行为，由本人承担相应的法律责任。

4．本人完全了解学校关于保存、使用毕业设计（论文）的规定，即:按照学校要求提交论文和相关材料的印刷本和电子版本;同意学校保留毕业设计（论文）的复印件和电子版本，允许被查阅和借阅;学校可以采用影印、缩印或其他复制手段保存毕业设计（论文）,可以公布其中的全部或部分内容。

以上承诺的法律结果将完全由本人承担！作者签名: 年月日摘要伴随着科技的飞速发展，交通工具的越来越普及。

汽车作为人类社会中一个最主要的交通工具之一，起着重大作用.随着人们生活水平的提高，汽车的数量与日俱增，于是停车正在成为世界性的一个问题。

智能化的停车场管理系不但可以节省人员开支而且可以减少由于操作人员失误造成的损失，从而大大提高了管理效率。

本文论述了在Microsoft Visual Studio 2010开发软件工具下分析、设计、开发的停车场管理系统的过程。

密级
分类号
编号
成绩
本科生毕业设计 (论文)
外文翻译
原文标题Management of parking lot
译文标题停车场的管理
作者所在系别机电工程学院
作者所在专业车辆工程
作者所在班级B13141
作者姓名邸宝龙
作者学号201322244
指导教师姓名孟立新
指导教师职称副教授
完成时间2017 年 3 月
北华航天工业学院教务处制
注：1. 指导教师对译文进行评阅时应注意以下几个方面：①翻译的外文文献与毕业设计（论文）的主题是否高度相关，并作为外文参考文献列入毕业设计（论文）的参考文献；②翻译的外文文献字数是否达到规定数量（3 000字以上）；③译文语言是否准确、通顺、具有参考价值。

2. 外文原文应以附件的方式置于译文之后。

智慧停车系统英文设计方案Design Proposal for Intelligent Parking System1. Introduction:The Intelligent Parking System is a state-of-the-art solution that aims to address the parking challenges faced in busy urban areas. It leverages advanced technologies to provide a seamless and efficient parking experience for both drivers and parking lot operators. This design proposaloutlines the key features and components of the Intelligent Parking System.2. System Architecture:The Intelligent Parking System is designed as a multi-layered architecture consisting of the following components:a. Mobile Application: A user-friendly mobile application is developed for drivers to easily find and reserve parking spots. It provides real-time information about available parking spaces, rates, and reservation options.b. Parking Lot Management System: This backend system is accessed by parking lot operators tomanage and monitor parking spaces. It includes features such as real-time occupancy tracking, payment processing, and reservation management.c. IoT Sensors: Smart parking sensors are installed in each parking space to detect the presence or absence of a vehicle. These sensors provide real-time data to the system, allowing it to accurately track parking occupancy.d. Server and Database: A centralized server and database store and process all the data collected from the IoT sensors, mobile application, and parking lot management system. It enables seamless communication between different components of the system.3. Key Features:a. Real-Time Parking Availability: The Intelligent Parking System provides drivers with real-time information about available parking spaces in their desired location. This helps reduce unnecessary traffic congestion and saves drivers time and effort in searching for parking.b. Reservation System: Users can reserve parking spaces in advance through the mobile application. This ensures that they have aguaranteed spot upon arrival and avoidsfrustrations of finding a parking space at the last moment.c. Payment Integration: The system includes secure payment integration, allowing drivers toeasily pay for parking through the mobile application. This eliminates the need for cash transactions and provides a seamless payment experience.d. Occupancy Tracking: The system uses IoT sensors to track the occupancy of parking spaces in real-time. This data is updated and shared with the mobile application, allowing drivers to see the availability of parking spaces before reaching the location.e. Parking Lot Management: The parking lot management system allows parking lot operators to efficiently manage and monitor their parking spaces. It provides features such as revenue tracking, reservation management, and real-time occupancy reports.f. Analytics and Reporting: The systemgenerates comprehensive analytics and reports for parking lot operators. This helps them optimizetheir parking operations, identify trends, and make data-driven decisions.4. Benefits of Intelligent Parking System:a. Improved User Experience: The Intelligent Parking System enhances the overall parking experience by providing real-time information, reservation options, and seamless payments. It eliminates the frustrations and uncertainties associated with finding parking in busy areas.b. Reduced Traffic Congestion: By guiding drivers to available parking spaces in real-time, the system helps reduce traffic congestion caused by drivers circling around in search of parking. This leads to smoother traffic flow and reduced emissions.c. Increased Revenue for Parking Lot Operators: The system enables parking lot operators to efficiently manage their parking spaces, maximize occupancy, and increase revenue. They can optimize pricing, offer attractive discounts, and track revenue using the parking lot management system.d. Environmental Benefits: With reduced traffic congestion and optimized parking, the IntelligentParking System contributes to a greener environment by minimizing fuel consumption and emissions.5. Conclusion:The Intelligent Parking System offers aholistic and intelligent solution to the parking challenges faced in urban areas. By leveraging advanced technologies and real-time data, the system provides a seamless and efficient parking experience for drivers and parking lot operators alike. Its key features, including real-time parking availability, reservation system, and occupancy tracking, make it a valuable addition to any busy parking environment.。

Intelligent parking systemEuropean Journal of Operational Research ; 0377-2217 ; 2006;175volumes; 3Intelligent parking management system uses advanced technology and highly automated mechanical and electrical equipment, mechanical, and electronic computer-controlled equipment, and intelligent IC card technology combine management can be achieved through the computer management of vehicle access, automatic data storage function, the realization of de machine operation and provide - efficient management of the system.Smart new car park will be living concepts and architecture, information technology, computer electronics technology, such as the perfect combination of modern high-tech to provide a simple, easy-to-use, advanced system of human nature. It relies on high-tech, people-oriented, graphical man-machine interface operation, providing a more safe, comfortable, convenient, fast and open intelligent, information-based living space, promoting the healthy development of human environment.1 parking lot at home and abroad mainly in the following several types1.1 mechanical parkingMechanical parking car park is mainly a kind of mechanical means parking the car park completely by mechanical parking equipment such as tractor driving machine, driven wheels, car panels, sliding device, control cabinet, called the operation site, Rotary lift devices, handling devices, etc.. Lifting and transferring is divided into categories, vertical circulation category, the level of cycle-type, multi-cycle-type, flat type of mobile, vertical categories, such as the type of simple movements. Because of its unique and diverse way of parking, has a strong application. It covers an area of the main advantages of small, diverse selection can be combined with site specific characteristics of the design, but also with other means to implement a combination of a high degree of automation, easy operation, management and maintenance is also easier with quantitative parking characteristics.1.2 Plane parking systemIntelligent parking system parking systems for their plane to take the main inductive way IC card readers, so the car park is also called inductive system. At present, China is still in the car park car park is mainly flat, generally built in the basement of buildings, there are a number of public areas such as the Plaza, the road side as the car park, followed by the hotel, enterprises, factories, and other units of their own planning and design of the car park.1.3 Smart parkingIntelligent parking system is also called the vertical lift or elevator-type parking system parking systems. It is a set of equipment, operation, security, monitoring, maintenance, management of the intelligent system as a whole, the touch-screen human-machine interface, operation and use is also very convenient, with intelligent management and charges of the system. Its high degree of intelligence testing and perfecting the service system can be impaired also run zero. It is characterized by the largest original time control functions, the realization of sub-periods, stratified parking control, effectively improve the utilization of parking spaces. Password through the keyboard and the IC card can be realized vehicle access, the process of charging, easy operation and convenient access; and with the city parking system, enabling the city's parking card, and the installation of surveillance systems networking with the area. Another intelligent modular three-dimensional garage have begun to mature, not only to achieve a full modular design, use of intelligent control technology, but also made full use of solar energy technology, energy reserves (energy) technology. Smart Modular three-dimensional garage is no longer a whole building, which is a combination of independent modules, such as parking spaces, lifting devices, such as the smart car parts scattered, when construction of the architecture in a building block as long as the same as the all zero components assembled together, it becomes a standardthree-dimensional garage, with a time-saving and low cost.1.4 Remote-controlled car park management systemIntelligent parking system remote control features of the car park management system is not subject to parking restrictions on the location and direction, as long as the distance between the remote control to openthe door and can be carried under control. Remote control and easy to carry, cheap, easy to install. The main principle is that in the railings and electric machine control box installed on the remote control door controller card and memory card to receive, in use, as long as the correct password for the remote control can control the system. Its products have experienced from the allocation of code and then type the pulse cycle of the development process has matured. Remote-controlled car park management system has been widely used in many European and private residential parking.2 smart parking system characteristics2.1 strict management system chargesArtificial cash for the current charges is not only labor-intensive, low efficiency, and are vulnerable to financial loopholes and cause great loss of cash. The use of IC card management system fees, because fees are recognized by the computer, statistics and records, to avoid errors and cheating, such as a phenomenon, to effectively protect the interests of investors yard.2.2 high-performance securityBecause of the high degree of confidentiality of IC cards, and its encryption spend decades in general computer solution of the time can not, it can not be modeled, from the root system to ensure the credibility and feasibility.2.3 The management of a high degree of safety and soundnessArtificial taking the issue of credit cards where admission card at any time and without omissions recorded, lost car or false lost car occurred from time to time, to the car park management has caused many inconveniences to the parking lot also brought economic losses. Management fees and the use of a computer system, due to various types of card in the computer are detailed records of relevant information; monthly cards and stored value cards can be lost to re-submit a timely manner; hourly rate cards can also be lost at any time search, the timely processing of .At the same time, the system functions with the image contrast. Both types of parking the vehicle registration number, filing cards, a card dedicated to ensure the safety of parking. When the reader detects vehicle controller, the computer automatically grades and play out this license plate recognition system when the brand re-identification of comparison, the computer screen in real-time display of the number of vehicles out of the population, status, time, and the owner of the information. If the license plate wrong, the computer prompts at any time, and issued a warning not to leave, and other relevant personnel at the scene.2.4 durability and reliablePassive non-contact IC card, the card is generally coil for data transmission and reception of energy use, and all sealed and thereforehave a dust-proof and waterproof function. It should not be read-write heads to avoid the wear and tear tape, interference or failure due to dust accumulation and the head of the phenomenon in general can be used more than 100,000.2.5 Non-contact IC card technology leaderNon-contact IC card is the electromagnetic technology, RF technology, computer technology, code recognition technology integrated application of technology, with excellent water-proof, anti-fouling, anti-oil, anti-corrosion, anti-static and anti-distortion, such as destruction of properties.2.6 establish a good corporate imageGood corporate image is priceless intangible assets, smart parking system, the modernization of the use of high-tech products will no doubt enhance the image and visibility of property management, fee management computer system, in terms of product design, or package system brought about by the nature and management of scientific, management will have to establish a good image, so that virtuous circle of companies who step-by-step, and continuously forge ahead and become a model of scientific management.3 smart parking system equipmentIntelligent parking by the population, export and center management has three major components.3.1 imported parts: the main part of the population by the induction IC card reader, IC card a card machine, intercom extension, video cameras, vehicle sensors, parking detector, the entrance of the control panel, automatic road gates, vehicle detector coil and display parking spaces and so on.3.2 parts exports: exports mainly includes induction by IC card reader, camera, intercom extension, export control panel, automatic road gates, vehicles and vehicle detection coil contrast imaging system.Management Center 3.3: Management fees Management Center computers, monitors, hard disk video recorders, reports, printers, car park management fee component and system software.4 constitutes a smart parking system4.1 parking spaces for display systemThe entire smart parking system is a computerized management system, it needs real-time detection of the parking spaces, the intelligent parking system for this purpose may be to set up a parking space in each detector, through the signal processor into sub-systems managementsoftware, management software by analysis will present the best parking spaces in the parking spaces to the driver display screen at the same time open spaces and bright lights prompt, suggesting that drivers in this parking. Detector if the parking spaces to the parking garage with no vacancies, the screen display parking "garage fully booked" and the ticket machine shows "full digital garage" and that the vehicle no longer be allowed into the library.4.2 Anti-theft SystemAnti-theft system is a set of parking spaces in various places to install a high-key remote control, which work in parallel parking spaces detector. When the driver stopped the car after the storage operation will be remote control code to the vehicle; when the driver of the bus ready to take the Treasury to operate a remote control decoder to the vehicle. If there is no decoder check car alarm system-related work and linkage alarm or activate video surveillance systems, prevention of vehicle thefts.4.3 Monitoring SystemSurveillance system cameras, controllers, monitors, video recorders composition. The main parking garage for security surveillance, to ensure safe and secure parking.4.4 Image Comparison SystemContrast imaging system consists of cameras, snapshot controller, image processor and other components. When a vehicle or into the library card for the tickets, the capture controller to start a video camera image of the vehicle and the driver together with the votes held by the card or the coexistence of people of the information system of a database. When a vehicle inspection of library card or check, the capture controller again, and start off brand camera photo images, and then with the system database to compare information. If the information in line road brake automatically released from a column of vehicles; Otherwise, the message is not allowed and automatic alarm.4.5 Export SystemWhen a database of vehicles, the vehicle detector sensor signal out of the Treasury to inform the host computer and prompts the operator to prepare the operation, a video camera at the same time export images of the vehicle identification information and the corresponding number with the computer all the relevant information for comparison , in line with the fee should be calculated automatically and through the toll signs indicate that the driver prompt payment; warning if it does not match, suggesting that vehicle entry fees based on images taken during the manual more than right.Center Management System 4.6 softwareCenter software package management system is the smart parking management system the core of the smart parking system, it functions primarily by strong PC and peripheral equipment such as printers. Management Center can be used as a server device through the bus connection with the subsidiary, the exchange operating data, and data for the operation of automatic statistics, record-keeping. System has a password protection feature to prevent unauthorized management procedures are invasive and have a very strong graphics capabilities, able to plan parking garage, parking spaces occupied by the real-time, import and export, as well as channel opening and closing state of blockade, etc. displayed on the screen, car park to facilitate the management and scheduling. It is not only the construction unit to provide a flexible and effective management style, but also to have the self-maintenance function and the expansion of certain functions, in order to adapt to future technology development needs.5 Intelligent parking systemProducts are only to help human beings are becoming more efficient, more convenient and simple to solve the problem. Intelligent parking system as an advanced product is the ultimate human services, it can not be divorced from the principle of people-oriented or advanced technology is a waste. Technology therefore parking should also be in line with local conditions and give full play to all the features of the car park. In addition to the intelligent parking lot outside a number of basic functions should have the following functions.5.1 Induction card(1) long-range sensors;(2) waterproof, Antimagnetic, antistatic, wear-resistant, and information storage capacity, long service life;(3) through the card to pay parking fees, the realization of card functions;(4) to read and write fast, easy to operate;(5) use of non-directional, you can read and write in any direction over the work surface to complete reading and writing;(6) ID card reader and two-way password identification system.5.2 Automatic function(1) accept input signals manually for debugging installation;(2) delay, under-voltage, over-voltage automatic protection;(3) can be a buffer of two lift gate to receive instructions, can be had for cars;(4) gates with RS485 communication interface, an acceptable management fee of the direct control of the computer;(5) unloading device, in order to prevent external damage;(6) with anti control system, ensure the safety of vehicles;(7) photoelectric switch stroke control to replace the mechanical trip switch, long life;(8) compatibility, and to ensure that the needs of different types of customers;(9) with a balance to ensure the operation of light, smooth, small input power;(10) additional emergency manual device to prevent the occurrence of accidents;(11) circuit-wide non-contact control system, ensure the safety of vehicles.5.3 Import and Export function boxes(1) whether the perception of vehicles, car-free or not issuing card reader;(2) temporary user key access cards, access cards do not spit out the card in the specified time automatically close cards, card to avoid wastage;(3) usually show the clock and date;(5) identification card reader, alarm lights are null and void;(6) system at any time sensor reading into the ballot box has been the region's proximity card without lawful authority, a one-time read the card on the card type, card number, report the loss signs, sign into the game, the validity of such data, sent to CPU processing, in accordance with the type of card into the corresponding process, showing card number and state;(7) show the monthly card is valid and the card status (active, expired, report the loss or appearance into state);(8) non-real-time network control panel can operate both the effective operation of all built-in memory, database archiving, and preservation of more than 6000 records. Data can be recorded at any time by the administrator or have permission to access and uninstall leadership.Car park management software 5.4(1) image to identify a two-way comparison function;(2) property management system can read data, automatic generation of cards out of authority;(3) special treatment of special features of vehicles;(4) auto-complete temporary card charges, the effective monthly card release function;(5) set up a variety of billing methods, users choose their own settings;(6) when the graphics card type card reader and card status (active, expired, report the loss, into the state of play, etc.);(7) Vehicular access to the adjustable clock date, report the loss to uninstall blacklist;(8) classification administrator privileges. Support other workstations authorized access to data (events and images);(9) to generate various types of statistical reports and a powerful data retrieval query function;5.5 Management functions(1) can be run off-line can also be networked to run, even if the PC in the network interruption or failure of the normal operation of the event;(2) Vehicular access to the whole logic of self-locking intelligent control system, tightly controlled cardholders into, out of the actions are consistent with the "one card of a car" requirement;(3) command and control the import and export functions of the various settings and dynamic control system;(4) high reliability and adaptability of the digital vehicle detection system, anti-砸车device can ensure that both the approach of reversing the vehicle or vehicles, as long as the gate to stay under par, would not fall under gate with a manually under functional mode;(5) rolling LED electronic display prompts Chinese air show parking spaces so that users and administrators at a glance;(6) with UPS, to ensure that power outages in the system, the system at least more than the normal operation of 1h;(7) Intelligent Controller with RS485 communication interface, enabling the network to run a number of entrances and exits.6. parking plan。

毕业设计（论文)外文资料翻译院:专业：姓名:学号：外文出处:(用外文写)附件：1。

外文资料翻译译文;2.外文原文。

附件1:外文资料翻译译文智能停车辅助系统的系统配置智能停车场管理系统采用先进技术和高度自动化的机电设备，将机械、电子计算机和自控设备以及智能IC卡技术有机地结合起来，通过电脑管理可实现车辆出入管理、自动存储数据等功能，实现脱机运行并提供-种高效管理服务的系统。

新型的智能停车场将生活理念和建筑艺术、信息技术、计算机电子技术等现代高科技完美结合,提供的是一种操作简单、使用方便、功能先进的人性化系统.它依靠高科技，以人为本,采用图形人机界面操作方式,提供一种更加安全、舒适、方便、快捷和开放的智能化、信息化生活空间,促进了人文环境的健康发展.本文介绍了目前开发的投资促进机构配置（智能停车辅助系统)。

IPAS允许司机指定目标位置的三个免费方法：基于单眼视觉的停车位置标记识别，基于超声波传感器的停车位置识别,和拖放GUI（图形用户界面)。

IPAS生成最优路径马赫指定的目标位置。

在停车场的运作,并估计自我车辆姿势使用ESP（电子稳定程序）的传感器,如车轮需要银行脚踏开关和传感器,转向角传感器。

IPAS自动控制制动和转向通过发送所需的促动ESP和轨迹通过可以EPS（电动助力转向)。

IPAS通知当前驱动器通过对停车操作后视图的图像轨迹估计,这是通过实验验证了系统的车辆。

关键词智能停车辅助系统，驾驶员辅助系统介绍我们都由六部分组成：自我车辆姿态估计,路径生成器和流浪汉;跟踪，主动制动系统，主动转向系统，和HMI(人机界面）.IPAS既可进行半自动的停车辅助系统，其中的转向操作自动化。

而且自动泊车辅助系统，其中转向和制动操作自动化。

指定目标位置定位的自动/半自动停车操作的目标位置。

我们开发了三个互补的方法：基于单目视觉的停车插槽标记识别,基于超声传感器的平行泊车插槽识别，和拖放的GUI（图形用户界面)。

自我车辆姿态估计实现通过利用各种传感器，包括轮速传感器的车辆姿态估计的阿克曼模型，转向角度传感器，制动踏板开关,和车轮角度传感器。

智慧停车系统翻译英文设计方案Smart Parking System Design Proposal1. IntroductionThe purpose of this design proposal is to outline the key features and functionality of a smart parking system. This system aims to utilize technology to efficiently and effectively manage parking spaces, improve traffic flow, and enhance the overall parking experience for users. The proposed system incorporates various components such as sensors, mobile applications, and data analysis tools to achieve these objectives.2. System ArchitectureThe smart parking system consists of three main components: parking sensors, a central control unit, and a mobile application. The parking sensors are installed at each parking space to detect the presence of a vehicle. These sensors communicate with the central control unit, which processes the data received from the sensors and provides real-time information to the users through the mobile application.3. Parking Space DetectionThe parking sensors are responsible for accurately detecting the presence or absence of vehicles in each parking space. They utilize technologies such as infrared or ultrasonic sensors to detect the presence of a vehicle. These sensors are installed at a suitable height and angle to ensure accurate detection. This information is then relayed to the central control unit for further processing.4. Real-time Parking Availability InformationThe central control unit collects and analyzes the data from the parking sensors to determine the availability of parking spaces. This information is then communicated in real-time to the users through the mobile application. Users can access this information before reaching the parking lot and can easily find available parking spaces, saving time and reducing frustration.5. Navigation and GuidanceThe mobile application provides navigation and guidance features to help users find available parking spaces within the parking lot. Once a user selects a parking space, the application provides turn-by-turn directions to guide them to the designated parkingspace. This feature ensures efficient usage of parking spaces and minimizes the time taken to find a parking spot.6. Reservation SystemTo further enhance the user experience, the smart parking system includes a reservation feature. Users can reserve a parking space in advance through the mobile application. This feature is especially useful in busy areas where parking spaces are limited. Users can reserve a parking space for a specific time slot, ensuring they have a guaranteed spot upon arrival.7. Payment IntegrationThe smart parking system integrates payment options within the mobile application. Users can pay for their parking session using various payment methods such as credit/debit cards or mobile payment platforms. This eliminates the need for physical payment at parking meters and provides a convenient and seamless payment experience for the users.8. Data Analysis and StatisticsThe central control unit collects data from the parking sensors and stores it for further analysis. This data can provide valuable insights into parkingpatterns, occupancy rates, and peak hours. By analyzing this data, parking lot operators can optimize parking space allocation, allocate resources more effectively, and identify areas for improvement. They can also generate reports and statistics to monitor the performance of the parking system over time.9. Security and PrivacyThe smart parking system considers the security and privacy of users' personal information. All data transmission between the sensors, central control unit, and mobile application is encrypted to prevent unauthorized access. User information is securely stored and managed in compliance with privacy regulations. Additionally, the system includes surveillance cameras and security measures to ensure the safety of the parking lot and its users.10. ConclusionThe proposed smart parking system aims to revolutionize the traditional parking experience by utilizing technology to provide real-time parking availability information, navigation and guidance, and reservation features. The integration of payment options, data analysis tools, and security measuresenhances the overall efficiency, convenience, and security of the parking system. Implementing this system will greatly improve the parking experience for users and provide valuable insights for parking lot operators.。

Spot and Park:Parking management systemTandeep SidhuComputer Science Dept.Univ.of Maryland,College Parktsidhu@ABSTRACTWhen visiting a new place for thefirst time or going to an event one must often deal withfinding a car parking space. This can be a challenging and frustrating task for number of reasons.In most cases,location of parking spots is not known before hand.Even if it is known,the parking location is not ideally suited(might not be the closest or cheapest). Furthermore,if one is visiting a location for some event,one must try tofind a parking space amongst the limited park-ing spaces that are available at events attended by large group of people.Parking spaces can also have restrictions attached to them.Some parking lots are available only dur-ing certain hours of the day or they may only allow parking by people with permits.To help navigate through all these issues,we present an application that provides relevant and context sensitive information to visitors who need to look up parking.This information is available in real time thus providing user the necessary information to make informed decisions.1.INTRODUCTIONAccording to the last count,there are over45billion user generated documents on the Internet[5].These documents have been a tremendous source of information and are used by billions of people daily to answer all sorts of questions. With the advent of mobile phones in recent years,people look to access the same information that is available on the Internet from their mobile phones.The difference between information retrieval tasks before mobile phones and after mobile phones is that since the mobile phones,people tend to access lot more information while they are on the go (walking,driving,traveling,flying,etc).This leads to lot of information retrieval tasks that are location specific.For example,while driving,I might need to look up the nearest gas station or the nearest place to eat.In general,location specific information is available on the Internet these days.For example,on Google Maps(a popu-lar maps application)[6]we can do location specific searches andfind addresses,restaurants,gas stations,and many other things,all relative to the user’s current location. Unfortunately,the location specific information is only avail-able for major or popular entities like gas stations,restau-rants,addresses,rmation for things like parking is not available or is only sparsely available.For example,if we look up parking information for the University of Mary-land,College Park(UMD)campus on Google Maps,we just see the location of the main parking lots on the campus(see Figure1).No detailed information is available on any of the parking lots.We do not know the timings the parking lots are available or whether there are any restrictions in parking in the lots.If we search for the parking for UMD again on another maps application,Bing Maps[7],we do not even see any of the parking lots shown by Google Maps (see Figure2).In lot of situations,traffic and parking in-formation is available through specific website(in this case UMD’s own transportation website[8]).The transportation site does provide a detailed map of the campus with all the parking lots highlighted.The only problem with the parking information through this site is that such information is not geo-tagged so as a user one cannot get driving directions to it.The issue of sparsely available parking data at UMD is just one example.We found similar lack of data on other types of locations.The only places that tend to have detailed parking information are major hubs like airports,bus stations,train stations,etc.In such locations,not only location and avail-ability of parking lots is available but in some locations one also get to see real-time availability of parking spots.For example,at parking garages next to the Baltimore Wash-ington International airport(BWI)in Baltimore,Maryland, USA,one can exactly see the number of open parking spots on an electronic display board.At BWI,such information is not available online but at other airports it is available(for example,at the Minneapolist International Airport[9]).In order to address the issue of sparsely available parking in-formation,we propose a system called Spot and Park.This system will allow an organization like UMD to easily create and share their parking information with their users/visitors by making the information available online.The users then could easily access the information via their computers or mobile devices.The information will also be available in real-time thus allowing the users to make informed decisions quickly.Figure 1:Search results for parking at UMD in GoogleMapsFigure 2:Search results for parking at UMD in Bing MapsSpot and Park has been architected to work in variety of environments but we demonstrate its capabilities by apply-ing it to the University of Maryland,College Park campus.The UMD campus is a community of about 50,000students,faculty,and staffwho come in to campus every day to study,teach,and work.In addition to that,there are lot of visi-tors who come in to campus everyday for meetings,sports,and other cultural or social events.Spot and Park has beenFigure 3:Architecture of Spot and Parkdesigned to address the parking needs of all these ing this application,parking administrators can easily as-sociate parking lots with an event going on campus.Then when a visitor needs to lookup parking for an event,they can see all the parking lots associated with the event.The application is smart enough to show the parking lots sorted in distance (closest first)so that the user sees the most ap-propriate parking lot on top of the list.Event visitors can also get driving directions to any of the parking lots and they can also see real-time parking availability.The organization of this paper is as follows.In the next section,we discuss work that is closely related to Spot and Park.In the following sections,we present the design and architecture of Spot and Park.2.RELATED WORKThere are number of applications and solutions that are try-ing to provide parking data to users.In addition to sites like Google Maps and Bing Maps,there are other websites like Parkopedia[1],ParkingSpotter[3],and Primo Spot[2].All these sites are specifically designed to help the user find parking at any location in US.They all feature mobile apps that users can use while on the go to lookup nearest parking.Unfortunately,all these services suffer from lack of data.For example,search for parking in the College Park,MD area shows no close available parking in any of the 3websites (which is not true).The closest available parking is at a train station 3miles away.This global approach of provid-ing information for every town in this case is not working.A more targeted solution needs to be used like Spot and Park where individual cities or organizations can publish their parking data easily and share with their users.There have also been efforts in providing real-time parking availability information to users.City of San Francisco is in the process of testing a technology called SFPark[4]which they have applied to their 28,800parking meters and 12,250parking spaces in garages that provides real-time parking in-formation.The technology uses sensors in each parking spot to figure out if the parking spot is available or ers can use a mobile app to access this parking information and to also pay for their parking.The SFPark technology is de-signed to increase (or decrease)the cost of parking based ondemand.In areas or during times of high demand,parking fees is higher compared to areas of less demand.This sort of technology seems as the ideal solution to solve the park-ing availability issues but its high cost of deployment (each parking meter needs to have a sensor),makes it less prac-tical.Spot and Park doesn’t completely replace the need of parking sensors to collect real-time parking availability information.Instead,we provide an architecture in which real-time information from automated sensors,attendants at each parking lot,or by some other means could be easily fed into Spot and Park.3.SYSTEM ARCHITECTURESpot and Park software architecture consists of 3compo-nents:a user facing mobile optimized website,an admin facing website,and a MySQL database (see Figure 3).We go over these 3components in detail now.3.1The mobile optimized websiteThe mobile optimized website is the main user facing inter-face of Spot And Park.Its purpose is to help students/staffand visitors find parking at UMD campus.The application is also capable of providing driving directions to any of the parking lots.The application is designed using Web tech-nologies (JSP,HTML,Javascript,JQuery)which has the benefit of making the application cross-platform so that it can be accessed on any mobile phone with a modern browser (that supports HTML5).The mobile website is designed keeping in mind the mobile nature of mobile phones.Since these devices might operate in area with slow wireless networks,the mobile website has been designed to use minimum bandwidth to load and op-erate the website.Note that since this application is only available over the web,it always requires an active internet connection to operate.In the future,we will look to add certain offline capabilities that will allow the user to operate certain features of the application when there is no internet connection available.We will go over the actual user interface design of the mobile website later in this paper.3.2Admin websiteThe admin website serves as a tool that parking admin-istrators will use to manage the events that happen on the UMD ing this application,they could create new events,attach available parking lots to a given event,man-age the amount of available parking for an event,and control the availability of parking lots.Thus,this application serves as the main control module for managing all available park-ing on UMD campus.The data that parking administrators enter through this application will be saved in a MySQL database(discussed below)from where it will be access by the mobile website used by the students/staffand visitors. This admin interface is designed using PHP/HTML.We will go over the actual user interface design of the admin website later in this paper.3.3MySQL databaseThe MySQL database is used to house all the parking,event, building,and parking availability information.Some of this information will be static information like parking lot infor-mation(name,location,geo-coordinates,description)which has to be entered on-time manually into the database.There will also be lot of dynamic information like calendar of events which will be entered through the admin interface.In the database,we will also track the number of open spots for each parking lot.This data can be entered through the mobile website(admin only function)but because of the open nature of the database,could also be fed through other sources.For example,if we have a source that feeds us real-time availability of a parking spot(perhaps through sensors embedded on each parking spot),we can feed that informa-tion directly to this database.Once that information is in the database,it can be easily used by the mobile interface to show all users availability of parking lots.ER INTERFACE4.1Mobile WebsiteThe user interface of the mobile website is designed from the perspective of3types of users:student/staffwho go to UMD,visitors who frequently have to come to campus for meetings and events,and administrators who need to manage the parking lots and events(see Figure4).When a user loads the mobile website for thefirst time,they will be asked to specify what type of user they are.Based on their selection,they would be shown the appropriate func-tions.Note that once a user has specified their role in the system(either student,visitor,or admin),they do not have to specify the role again.So,next time the user loads this application,they will be automatically assigned their previ-ous role.We also provide the feature of allowing the user to change their role if needed.The whole application is built using mobile optimized inter-face which easily scales the size of the interface to match the screen dimensions of the mobile browser.It uses easy navigation ers can click on a link in any page and that page will be rendered using Web2.0style page ers can also navigate back to their previous page by pressing the back button in the application or the back button in their browser.They also have the option to press the home button to go back to the homescreen.Figure4:Spot and Park home screenNext we go over the interface design from the perspective of each user type.4.1.1Student/StaffStudents and stafftypically have assigned parking area on campus.They come regularly to campus so they are aware of the roads and the general structure and location of the park-ing lots.They regularly attend events on-campus and some-times these events are not close to their designated parking areas so they also have tofind nearest parking.Because cer-tain events on campus(like football or basketball game)tend to take over parking lots allotted to people,students/staffare often asked to move their car before an event starts.So, this set of users could benefit from being notified if there is an event happening on campus that would affect their park-ing situation on a certain day.We have added this feature in the interface and is discussed below indetail.Figure5:Student/Staffhome screenThe mobile website for students/staffprovides3main func-tions:1.Parking for events:This shows events that are up-coming(see Figure6).The events are ordered in chronological order and separated by er can click on an event which will show the parking that is available for that event(see Figure7).The list of parking lots is ordered by distance from the event so closest parking is shownfirst.If the parking lot has some restrictions or is a paid parking lot that infor-mation is also shown.The availability of the parking lots is also shown including the number of available parking spots for each of the lots.The row displaying each parking lot is also color coded(green=available, red=unavailable)so that the user can easily spot the parking lots that areavailable.Figure6:List of eventsUsers can look at the list of parking lots to decide which is most appropriate for them or they can look at the parking lots in a map by clicking the View on Map button.In either of the views(list or map),a user can click on a parking lot,get more information about it,or get driving directions to the parking lot from their current location or some other address(see Figure8).2.Campus map:The campus map function will showthe location of all parking lots on campus.The parking lots can be viewed in a list or on a map.Same as the Parking for events feature,user can click on any of the parking lots to get more information about it or to get driving directions to it(see Figure9).3.Signup for notifications:As previously mentioned,this feature allows a student/staffto signup fornotifi-Figure7:Parking locations for aneventFigure8:Driving directions to a parking lot cations of any upcoming disruptions to their parking assignments(see Figure10).Users need to specify their parking lot assignment and their email address. If in the future,there are any disruptions,we would email the user with the details of the event includ-Figure9:All parking lots shown on a maping instructions on what to do for alternative park-ing.Note,that this targeted notification is better than blasting the entire campus community with an email regarding an event that might not affect everyone oncampus.Figure10:Allows a user to signup for notifications 4.1.2VisitorIn most cases,visitors have similar needs as student/staff. They need to be able tofind parking for events that they might come to campus for.Visitors might come to campus for also other reasons like attend meetings.In these situa-tions,they are not coming in for some large event but are coming in to meet someone in a certain building.So,they just need to know where they canfind closest parking for their meeting.So,we provide them the functionality that helps themfind that information.The mobile interface for visitor provides2main functions (see Figure11):1.Parking for events and campus map:This worksexactly the same way as it does for student/staff(ex-plained above).2.Parking for buildings:This allows a user to select abuilding on campus and then look at the closest avail-able er can view the parking lots on a map or in a list er can also get to see if a parking lot has fees attached to it and the hours of operation.They can also look up driving directions to any of the available parkinglots.Figure11:Visitor home screen4.1.3AdminThe main function parking administrators will need access to is the ability to manage the parking lots when an event is going on.They need to be able to look at the parking for any of the events,specify how many open spots are in each park-ing lot,and to mark each parking lot as full(thus making it unavailable for all users).We provide all this functionality through the mobile interface so that the parking adminis-trators can easily mange the lots while they are in thefield (see Figure12).4.2Admin websiteAs previously mentioned,the admin website is used by the parking administrators to manage the events and parking. Administrators can create new events,associate parking lots with an event,change the availability of a parking lot,and do other administrative tasks through this interface(see Figure 13).5.FUTURE WORKCurrently,to provide the real-time parking spot availability, in this application we rely on the parking administrators to manually update the parking availability.As previously mentioned,if the parking availability data is provided from some other automated systems(like parking sensors in the parking spots),then we can integrate that data with ourFigure 13:AdminwebsiteFigure 12:Management of a parking lot application.Furthermore,there is also the possibility of involving the students and visitors in collecting the real time data.For example,if I go to a parking lot,and I notice that there is no availability,I could update that in Spot and Park.And this will be useful to anyone who uses the Spot and Park after I ing data collected from users will help build our information database much more quickly but we must watch out for the reliability of this data as it is not being collected from trusted sources.Currently,in this application,the location of parking lots and buildings is fixed and is manually fed into the database.In future,we need to add more functionality to the mobile website (or the admin website)so that the building and lot information can be easily entered into the system.Since specifying buildings and parking lots also requires specify-ing geo-coordinates for these entities,this data collection is especially suited to be built in the mobile website where an administrator could use the GPS on a mobile device to find out the geo-coordinates of a building or a parking lot.We have demonstrated the use of Spot and Park in a uni-versity environment.We should test it out in other envi-ronments as well which would help us make it a much more robust system.6.CONCLUSIONSIn this paper we have described an application called Spot and Park that aims to solve the problem of finding parking.This application with its flexible architecture and easy to use interface will provide transportation or parking admin-istrators easy tools to deploy a parking management system in their organization.This application also has an easy to use mobile interface that will help guide visitors in finding parking for their destination.7.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSI would like to thank Dr.Ashok Agrawala for his continuous guidance on this project.8.REFERENCES[1]Parkopedia /.[2]Primospot /.[3]Parking Spotter /.[4]SFPark /.[5]Documents on the web/yahoo-boasts-size-of-its-search-engine-index/2036/.[6]Google Maps /.[7]Bing Maps /maps/.[8]Univ.of Maryland,College Park Transportationwebsite/maps.html [9]Minneapolis International Airport http://www.mspairport.com/parking/surepark.aspx。