常用连接词
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英语中常用的连接词1.表示罗列增加:First, second, third, First, then / next, after that / next, finally For one thing … for another…, On (the) one hand…on the other hand,Besides / what's more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also,Especially / In particular,2.表示时间顺序:now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after awhile, in a few days, at first, in the beginning, to begin with, later,next, finally, immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment form now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till, not…until, before, after, when, while,as during,3.表示解释说明:now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreoverfurthermore, in fact, actually4.表示转折关系:but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except(for), instead, of course, after all,5.表示并列关系:or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both… and, either …or, neither …nor, for6.表示因果关系:because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to…, due to…,therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, so…that, such…that7.表示条件关系:1 / 2as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless, once, when8.表示让步关系:though, although, as, even if, even though, whether …or…, however,whoever,whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what,which, where, when, whom)9.表示举例:for example, for instance, such as…, take… for example10.表示比较:be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to)…just like, just as,11.表示目的:for this reason,, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,12.表示强调:in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly,obviously, above all,13.表示概括归纳:on the whole, to sum up, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, as we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion.---精心整理,希望对您有所帮助。
常用连接词一、概述连词是一种虚词,用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子,在句子中不单独用作句子成分。
连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。
并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子,如and, but, or, for等;从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等),引出名词性从句的连词如that, whether等,引出状语从句的连词如when, because,since, if 等。
二、并列连词的用法1. 表示转折关系的并列连词。
这类连词主要有but, yet 等。
如:Someone borrowed my pen, but I don’t remember who. 有人借了我的钢笔,但我不记得是谁了。
He said he was our friend, yet he wouldn’t help us. 他说他是我们的朋友,但却不肯帮助我们。
2. 表示因果关系的并列连词。
这类连词主要有for, so 等。
如:The child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor. 这孩子咳得很利害,所以他妈妈带他去看医生。
You are supposed to get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to seriouserrors. 你们一定要克服粗枝大叶,因为粗枝大叶常常引起严重的错误。
注意:for表示结果通常不能放句首,也不能单独使用。
3. 表示并列关系的并列连词。
这类连词主要有and , or , either…or , neither…nor , not only…but (also) , both…and, as well as 等。
如:He didn’t go and she didn’t go either. 他没去,她也没去。
15类常用连接词汇总连接词是连接句子、段落、文章的重要工具,合理运用连接词可以让文章更加流畅、连贯。
以下是15类常用连接词的汇总。
1. 表示承接的连接词:而且、此外、并且、再者、同样、另外、还有、加之、更进一步。
2. 表示转折的连接词:但是、然而、尽管、虽然、相反、反而、不过、而是、仅仅、虽说。
3. 表示因果的连接词:因此、所以、因而、致使、导致、缘故、由于、以致、故而、于是。
4. 表示对比的连接词:与其、相比较、不同于、互相、相互、一方面、另一方面、多方面、相较而言、不同之处。
5. 表示举例的连接词:比如、例如、譬如、诸如、如同、类似、以及、等等、包括、等等。
6. 表示强调的连接词:尤其、特别是、甚至、更为、无疑、显然、实际上、着重、毫无疑问、毋庸置疑。
7. 表示总结的连接词:总之、归根到底、综上所述、概括来说、总的来说、简言之、总结而言、总而言之、归纳起来、总结性地说。
8. 表示时间的连接词:先后、随后、随着、接着、之后、紧接着、继而、同时、其后、至此。
9. 表示地点的连接词:在此、于此、在这里、在那里、在那儿、在这儿、此外、另外、附近、相邻。
10. 表示条件的连接词:只要、只有、除非、假如、如果、既然、由于、假若、以便、若是。
11. 表示目的的连接词:为了、以便、以达到、为了使、为了达到、为了实现、以期、以求、朝着、目的在于。
12. 表示比较的连接词:比较而言、相对而言、按照、依据、根据、以…为基础、以…作为参考、按照…的标准、以…为衡量标准、根据实际情况。
13. 表示顺序的连接词:首先、其次、然后、最后、接着、随后、继而、再次、此外、之外。
14. 表示解释的连接词:也就是说、也就是、也就是说、更确切地说、更准确地说、具体来说、详细来说、换句话说、简单来说、总的来说。
15. 表示强调的连接词:确实、实际上、的确、无疑、毫无疑问、毋庸置疑、显然、特别是、甚至、更加、再加上。
英语常用的24个连词
连词是一种虚词,不能担任一个句子成分。
连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。
它主要是包括并列连词和从属连词。
以下汇总了,24个常见连词,一起来学学!
1. after 在……以后
2. and 和;又
3. as 像……一样;如同;因为
4. because 因为
5. before 在……之前
6. but 但是
7. if 如果;假使;是否;是不是
8. neither 也不
9. nor 也不
10. or 或者;还是;否则
11. since 从……以来;……以后
12. that 既然,由于(引导宾语从句等)
13. though 虽然
14. till 直到;直到……为止
15. until 直到;直到……为止
16. when 当……的时候
17. whether 是否
18. while 在/当……的时候;和……同时
19. than 比
20. so 因此;所以
21. both…and… 两个都;既……又……
22. not only…but also… 不但……而且……
23. either…or… 或者……或者……;不是……就是……
24. neither…nor… 既不……也不……。
英语常用70个连接词及例句常用的英语连接词(1)表示承接的过渡词:also,and,and then,too,in addition,furthermore,moreover,what's more, again,on top of that,another,first,second,third,fourth等。
(2)表示时间顺序的过渡词:now,then,before,after,afterwards,earlier,later,immediately,soon,next,in a few days,gradually,suddenly,finally等。
(但是你可以感受到这些词是副词,所以原词条对于“连接词”即连词是错误的)(3)表示空间顺序的过渡词:near(to),far(from),in front of,behind,beside,beyond,above,below,to the right/left,around,outside等。
(4)表示比较的过渡词:in the same way,just like,just as等。
(5)表示转折的过渡词:but,still,yet,however,nevertheless,nonetheless,on the contrary,in spite of/ in spite of the fact that,even though,although,despite/despite the fact that等。
(6)一方面,另一方面:on the one hand,on the other hand,for one thing,for another等。
(7)表示结果和原因的过渡词:because,since,so,as a result,therefore,then,furthermore,otherwise等。
(as a result ,therefore, thus并不是连词而是副词,所以经常是放句首,用逗号与后面句子隔开)(8)表示目的的过渡词:for this reason,for this purpose,so that,in order to等。
常用连接词 Prepared on 22 November 2020常用连接词1. 表示“先后次序关系”at this time: 在那时, 在那段时间first:第一,首先second:第二,其次at last: (或 at long last)in the end; after much delay 最后,终于next:紧接在后的,次于的,接下去,然后previously 事先,以前simultaneously 同时地eventually 终于,最后last but not least 最后但并非最不重要to begin with 首先,起初to start with 作为开始,首先to the with 到与finally 最后,终于,完全地seeing… 因为,由于since then 其后,从此一直first of all 首先afterwards 然后 ,后来地following this 其次,接着preceding this 此之前2. 表示“因果关系”because 因为,由于多用于直接原因because of this 正因为如此being that 因为,作为该another important factor of另一个重要原因another important reasonof 另外一个重要原因since 因为,由于.既然as 既然如for 因为in that… 因为owing to 因为,由于duo to 双重原因for the reason that…为理由…in view of 由于,鉴于the reason seems to beobvious 原因似乎是显而易见的there are about… 那从事于…for this reason 因为…理由as a result of this 由于这是…结果therefore 因此,因而;所以and so…因此consequently 所以,因此as a result 结果.因此thus 因此,从而hence 因此,所以;由此so 所以,so that…以便,以致in consequenceas a consequence 因此accordingly 因此inevitably 必然发生的;不可避免的under these conditions 在这些条件下thereupon 于是3. 表示“转折关系”but然而,不过,但是even so 虽然如此,既然如此however 不管怎样though 虽然,尽管even though 既然纵使independent of 不依赖…,独立于…reckless of 就…鲁莽而言despite that 不管怎样in spite of that 虽然这样,尽管这样regardless of 不管,不顾yet 然而 ,但是and yet 可是but unless 但是,除非4. 表示“并列关系”and 和,与also 也, 同样, 并且too 另外;也,还as well as 也,又either…or…或者,要么(用来提出两个或更多选择中的前一个选择,而后一个选择用or引出)both and… 俩者都5. (补充)递进关系:furthermore;而且,此外moreover;而且,加之,再者,更有甚者further;更远地,较远地in this way ;这样still;仍然,还 ,依旧not only...but also...;不但;不仅;不只… 并且not...but...;…但不in addition (to);另外additionally, 加之,又much more interesting, 更有趣more specifically, 更具体地说next, 接下去,然后besides;除…以外(还);除…以外(不再)as far as... is concerned;就…而言moreover;而且,加之,再者,更有甚者in other words;换句话说along this line ofconsideration;沿着这条思维模式on the one hand...,在一方面on the other hand...;在另一方面even;甚至,即使,更加,愈加as a poplar sayinggoes...;俗话说作为杨树…in order to do it...; 为了做到这一点…meanwhile;同时,其间at the same time;但是,然而,同时,一起accordingly;因此,所以,于是in the first place...,首先,从一开始in the second place...;在第二个地方equally important; 同样重要of even greater appeal. 甚至更大吸引力6. 比较关系:similarly; 也,同样,类似地,相似地in like manner, 同样地in comparison with;与…比较起来when compared with;较,把…与…相比,比得上,可与…相比compared with;把…与…相比,比得上,可与…相比when in fact...; 而实际上like...;像,相似,类似likewise;同样,亦, similarly important;同样重要apart from (doing)...;除…之外,撇开…不谈. 除了;若无,要不是... rather than...,除了;若无,要不是by doing so ;这样做both and...; 俩者都in the same way; 同样地not only...but (also).不但…而且7. 对照(不同点):yet; 还,尚,仍然still; 仍然,依旧,还是for all of that; 尽管如此notwithstanding; 尽管如此,仍然,然而rather; 宁可,宁愿;最好neither ... nor; 俩者都不although; 但是,然而 ,尽管,虽然though; 但是,然而 ,尽管,虽然but; 但是however; 不管怎样,可是,不过something is just the otherway around;事情刚刚相反yet; 还,仍然,已经conversely;相反地,颠倒地unlike;与…不像,与…不同,不同的,不相似的opposed to; (正)反对as opposed to ;相对于in contrast (to);相比之下by way of;路经,途经,作为,当作,意在,为了on the contrary;(与此)相反,正相反different from this;异于…as opposed to this;与此相反nevertheless; 仍然,然而,不过,尽管如此,然而contrary to;和… 相反,违反whereas;但是,而while;在…期间,虽然,然而but on the other hand.在另一方面8. 举例关系:for example;例如, 譬如for instance;例如,比如in this case; 既然这样namely;即,那就是as you know;如你所知you may as/say;你可能为/说as he explains;如他解释like;像such as;像,例如a case in point is...; 佐证,恰当的例子consider...;即,那就是in particular;尤其 ,特别including...;包括,包含for one thing...,首先,一则for another...;另…put it simply;简单地说stated roughly;在致as an illustration,作为一个例子i will say...;我将说a good example (of...)would be...;一个很好的例子…将…to detail this,这个细节i would like to...;我愿意,意欲it is interesting to note that...;这是值得注意的in this situation; 在这种情况下as proof; 作为证明take the case of; 采取案件take as example (something);以范例(某物) as for; 至于,关于as regards;关于,至于as to;至于,关于,按着,根据according to; (表示依据)根据,按照on this occasion.在这场合9. 强调关系:in fact; 实际上,其实especially;尤其 ,特别particularly;尤其 ,特别moreover;两者,此外,而且naturally; 自然,当然what is more important;而且,此外更重要的是什么in reality;实际上事实上certainly; 无疑;确定地(用以表示说话者相信所言属实)of course; 当然,自然indeed; 的确,确实in particular;尤其 ,特别not to mention...;更不用说believe it or not;信不信由你undeniably; 不可否认other thing being equal;其它条件相的的事情it is certain/sure that...;可以肯定的是/确保to be strict; to be true;要严格,是真实的by definition; definitely; 根据定义,肯定undoubtedly; 无疑的;无可争辩的without a doubt; 无疑地in truth, in any event(不论怎样);without reservation(毫无保留地);obviously, 显而易见的;清楚的;自明的;明显的not only.. but(also...), 不但;不仅;不只… 但both... and... 两者都10. 条件关系:if;如果,假如unless; 除非,如果不lest;(正式)免得,唯恐provided that;假如,设若if it is the case;如果是的话in this sense;在这个意义上once...;一旦…就…if possible;如果可能的话if necessary;如必要的话if so;假如这样的话if not all; 如果不是全部if anything.更可能的是,总之11. 归纳总结类:in other words;换句话说on the whole; 全部的;全体的;所有的;完整的,完全的in sum; 总而言之,大体上therefore;因此,为此,所以,故…,由此得出hence;因此,所以;由此in short;简而言之,总之in brief;简单地说,简而言之to sum up;总之,总而言之in conclusion; 最后,综上所述in summary;总的来说,归纳起来to conclude;最后(一句话) the conclusion can be drawn that...; 可以得出的结论是for this reason; 因为这些理由in short.简而言之,总之12. 地点关系:beyond; 在…的那一边,向…的那一边,远于,在…的前面opposite to; 对面adjacent to; 毗邻,相邻at the same place; 在同一地点there; 在那里;往那里;到那里over; 直接向上延伸的;在…的上方;在…的上空in the middle; 在中部,正忙于around; 在周围,在附近,到处,四周,大约,根据,以…为中心in front of; 在…前面,当着…的面in the distance; 在远处,在很远的那边farther; 更远地, 较远地, 再往前here and there; 在各处,零星分散地above; 在…正上面below; 在…下面,低于,在…背后at the right; 在正确的between; 在…之间,之中,on this side.大西洋的这一边13. 目的关系:with this object; 说完这个对象,与此对象for this purpose; 为此in order that; 为了in this way, 这样since; 自从;从那以后,此后so that; 以便, 结果, 以致 ,所以on that account; 由于这个[那个]缘故in case; 假使,免得,以防,也许,说不定with a view to; 为了,为的是for the same reason.为了同样的理由14 重申关系:in other words; 换句话说that is to say; 即,就是,换句话说,就是说,更确切地说as i have said; 正如我刚才所说的again; 现,又,此外,另一方面,反响,反应once again.再次15. 结果关系:accordingly; 照着,相应地,因此,所以,于是thus; 以此方式,如此,这样,其结果是,因此,于是consequently; 所以,因此hence; 从此时起,从此处,因此,所以therefore; 因此,因而;所以,故… ,由此得出thereupon; 因此,于是,立即,随即inevitably; 必然发生的;不可避免的under these conditions; 在这此条件下as a result; 结果,因此as a consequence; 因而,结果because; 因为because of; 因为,由于so that; 以便,结果,以致not only...but (also...); 不仅…但so... as to.所以…以16. 顺序关系:first; 第一,首先second; 第二,其次thirdly; 第三,next; 紧如此在后面的,次于的then; 当时,那进,接着,于,然后,还有,而且,那么,因此at the outset(在开始时),following this;在此这后,下述这个at this time; 在那时, 在那段时间now; 现在;此刻at this point; 在这一点上after; 在…以后afterward; 以后,过后,后来after this; 在这个之后subsequently; 其后,随后,接着lastly; 最后(一点)finally; 最后,终于,完全地consequently;所以,因此before this; 在这之前previously; 事先,以前preceding this; 在这之前的,在这个前面的simultaneously; 同时地concurrently(同时).17. 时间关系:at once; 立刻immediately; 立即,马上,直接地at length; 充分地,详尽地,最后,终于in the mean time; 同时meanwhile; 同时,其间,其时at the same time; 同时,一起,但是,然而in the end; 最后,结果then; 当时,那时,接着,于是,然后 ,还有,而且,那么,因此soon; 不久,即刻,马上,早,快,宁可,宁愿not long after; 不久以后later; 较晚地,后来at once;立刻at last; 终于finally; 最后,终于,完全地some time ago; 不久前at present; 目前,现在all of a sudden; 突然地,突如其来地,猛然地from this time on;从这时起from time to time; 不时,偶尔,间或since then; 其后,从此一直when; 什么时候,那时whenever; 每当,每次,在任何时候next point; 下一点a few minutes later; 几分钟后formerly; 以前,从前as; 在…期间,当…时候once; 曾经,昔时, 一次since; 自从…之后occasionally; 偶尔 ,间或in a moment; 一会儿,立刻,马上shortly; 不久,很快,不耐烦地,简慢地whereupon; 在这以后,然后,于是previously 事先,以前。
常用的连接词1. 表示递进;在同一话题上补充内容另外,还有:what is more; besides; also; moreover; in addition2. 表示转折关系但是,然而,相反:but; however; yet; instead; on the other hand; on the contrary.3. 表示因果关系因为,因此,所以: since; as; because(of ); so; thus; therefore; as a result;4. 表示条件关系如果,只要: if ; on condition ( that ); as long as除非: unless 否则: or else5. 表示时间关系当…的时候: when ; while 在…之后: after 在…之前: before直到: until 一…就…: as soon as 后来,然后: later; afterwards不久: soon 近来: lately; recently 自从…:since 从那时起: from then on6. 表示特定的顺序关系首先,最主要的: above all 其次: secondly 然后: then; next最后: finally; in the end7. 换一种方法表述换句话说: in other words; that is to say;8. 进行举例说明例如,比如: for instance; for example; like; such as9. 用于陈述事实实际上: in fact; actually; as a matter of fact跟你说实话: to tell you the truth10. 对一个话题进行总结总而言之,总的来说: on the whole; in short; all in all; in general; in a word11、其它常用到的副词Therefore ; otherwise ; finally ; furthermore ;Thus ; namely ; although ; afterwards ; personally;叙事句子:1、It is quite obvious/clear that…( 很显然……)2、There is no doubt that…(毫无疑问……)3、Take …as an example. (以……为例)4、On one hand,…on the other hand…(一方面,……另一方面)5、Only in this way shall we…(只有这样我们才能……)6、As far as…is concerned, I prefer…(就……而言,我更……)7、Measures/Action should be taken to…(必须采取措施去……)8、For the reasons given above, I feel that…(鉴于以上原因,我觉得9、What these people fail to consider is that…(这些人没有想到的是..)10、Undoubtedly there is a long way to go before…(毫无疑问要……还有很长的路要走)11、Therefore, I strongly recommend that …(因此,我强烈建议…12、All the facts show that…(所有的事实显示……)13、I like …not only because…but also because…(我喜欢……不仅因为……而且因为……)14、I am writing to you to inquire about…(我写信给你想询问……)15、I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with/at…(我给你写信表示我对……的不满)16、I apologize to you for…(我为……向你道歉)17、I am grateful to you for…(我为……向你表示感谢)邀请信中常用到的客套句式1、提出邀请I’d like to invite you to…?Would you like to…?May I invite you to…?2、接受邀请Thank you. I’ll be happy to come.I’ d love to go with you.I accept your invitation.3、委婉拒绝I’d love to, but I can’t come.Unfortunately, I’m already busy that day.请假信常用句型归纳1、提出请假I would like to know if I could ask for a casual leave of absence for…days.我想知道能否请……天假。
英语写作中常用连接词汇总1.递进(Addition)in addition, furthermore, also, besides, moreover, what’s more2.比较(Comparison)in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, in comparison, However, otherwise, nevertheless, instead3.对照(Contrast)whereas, in\by contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, even though, on the contrary, while4.让步(Concession)although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided(只有…才), while it is true.... notwithstanding(尽管) 5.强调(Emphasis)certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most important; without any doubt6.因果(Cause and effect)because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus, naturally, consequently; as a consequence7.时间和空间(Time and space)afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyond, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of8.层次词汇/并列关系首先, firstly, in the first place, to start with, first and foremost, 其次, secondly, in the second place,然后, moreover, furthermore, additionally, in addition to that, besides, on top of that, (除那以外)一方面…另一方面:on the one hand, on the other hand; for one thing, for another最后:in the final place; eventually, last but by no means least; to end with, finally, lastly.9. 换言之:Namely,that is to say,in other words,to put it like this,to put it differently,to put it from another way,to put it from another angle。
1.增补(Addition ) in addition , furthermore , again, also , besides, moreover , what`s more , similarly, next, finally.2.比较(Comparison)in the same way, likewise, similarly , equally , in comparison , just as3。
对照(Contrast)whereas, in contrast , on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, even though , on the contrary , while4.因果(Cause and effect)because, because of , for , since , due to , owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence , so , thus5.强调(Emphasis)certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely , actually , as a matter of fact , chiefly, especially, primarily , in particular, undoubtedly , absolutely, most imprtant6。
让步(Concession )although, though , after all, in spite of , nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true.。
.7.例证(Exemplification)for example, for instance, that is , namely, such as , in other words , in this case , by way of illustration 。
常用连接词1. 表示递进;在同一话题上补充内容此外what is more, besides, also, moreover, in addition2. 表示转折关系然而;相反but, however, yet, instead; on the other hand; on the contrary.3. 表示因果关系因为,因此;所以since, as, because (of ); so, thus, therefore, as a result4. 表示条件关系如果,只要if, on condition ( that ); as long as 除非: unless 否则: or else5. 表示时间关系当… 的时候: when ; while 在…之后: after 在…之前: before直到: until 一…就… : as soon as 后来,然后: later; afterwards不久: soon 近来: lately; recently 自从… :since从那时起: from then on6. 表示特定的顺序关系首先,最主要的: above all 其次: secondly 然后: then; next 最后: finally; in the end7.换一种方法表述换句话说: in other words; that is to say;8. 进行举例说明例如,比如: for instance; for example; like; such as9. 用于陈述事实实际上: in fact; actually; as a matter of fact 跟你说实话: to tell you the truth10. 对一个话题进行总结总而言之,总的来说: on the whole; in short; all in all; in general; in a word11. 其它常用到的副词Therefore; otherwise; finally; furthermore; Thus; namely; although; afterwards; personally;高考英语听力常用词汇一、餐馆场景1.go out for dinner / dinner out 出去吃饭2.go Dutch AA制 (Let’s go fifty fifty.)3.buffet 自助餐4.dining hall;5.coffee shop;6.cafeteria7.restaurant;8.canteen;9.snack bar 小吃街;大排挡 10.appetizer 开胃物 11.steak 牛排 12.cheese奶酪 13.sandwich 三明治 14.bacon 腌肉 15.soup 汤 16.plain water 自来水(西餐中洗手用的) 17.hamburger 汉堡包 18.doughnut 多纳圈 19.dessert甜品,水果(作为正餐的最后一道) 20.coke 可口可乐 21.French fries 炸薯条 22.order 点菜 23.serve 上菜 24.change 零钱 25.tip 小费 26.treat (This is my treat! 我请客!) 27.Keep the change! 不用找零钱了!二、邮局场景1.stamp2.envelope3.package / parcel 包裹4.overweight 超重5.extra postage 额外邮资6.send / post / deliver a letter / mail 寄 /发信7.express mail 快件8.airmail 航空信件9.surface mail 陆地邮寄 10. open an account 开一个帐户三、图书馆场景1.library card;2.borrow;3.lend;4.keep;5.renew;6.bookshelf;7.novel;8.science fiction科幻小说;9.magazine; 10.periodical期刊; 11.reference book; 参考书 12.librarian 图书管理员 13.pay a fine 交罚款 14.Can I help you? / What can I do for you? 四、医院及健康场景1.emergence department 急诊室2.ICU (= intensive care unit)特护病房3.treatment 治疗手段4.take one’s temperature / blood pressure 测量体温/血压5.medicine: pills / tablets药丸/药片6.aspirin 阿司匹林7.heart attack 心脏病8.cold / flu 流感9.have/catch a cold; 10.pain; 11.headache; 12.stomach-ache; 13.backache; 14.sore-throat喉咙痛 15.cough; 16.fever;17.regular doctor 私人医生 18.What’s up? (多用于男生之间) 19.How is it going? How are you? 19.答-好:I’m fine./I feel good/terrific./I couldn’t be better./Nothing is very wrong with me. 20.答-不好I am not feeling good./I feel terrible/horrible/awful. / I am not myself these days. (注意听语气:身体好的时候,语调上扬,语气非常欢快;身体不好的时候,降调,语气非常郁闷。
常用连接词1. 表示“先后次序关系”at this time: 在那时, 在那段时间first:第一,首先second:第二,其次at last: (或at long last)in the end; after much delay最后,终于next:紧接在后的,次于的,接下去,然后previously 事先,以前simultaneously 同时地eventually 终于,最后;last but not least 最后但并非最不重要to begin with 首先,起初to start with 作为开始,首先to the with 到与finally 最后,终于,完全地seeing… 因为,由于since then 其后,从此一直first of all 首先afterwards 然后,后来地following this 其次,接着(preceding this 此之前2. 表示“因果关系”because 因为,由于多用于直接原因because of this 正因为如此being that 因为,作为该another important factor of 另一个重要原因another important reason of 另外一个重要原因since 因为,由于.既然as 既然如for 因为;in that… 因为owing to 因为,由于duo to 双重原因for the reason that…为理由…in view of 由于,鉴于the reason seems to be obvious 原因似乎是显而易见的there are about… 那从事于…for this reason 因为…理由as a result of this 由于这是…结果therefore 因此,因而;所以-and so…因此consequently 所以,因此as a result 结果.因此thus 因此,从而hence 因此,所以;由此so 所以,so that…以便,以致in consequenceas a consequence 因此accordingly 因此~inevitably 必然发生的;不可避免的under these conditions 在这些条件下thereupon 于是3. 表示“转折关系”but然而,不过,但是even so 虽然如此,既然如此however 不管怎样though 虽然,尽管even though 既然纵使independent of 不依赖…,独立于…:reckless of 就…鲁莽而言despite that 不管怎样in spite of that 虽然这样,尽管这样regardless of 不管,不顾yet 然而,但是and yet 可是but unless 但是,除非4. 表示“并列关系”and 和,与also 也, 同样, 并且$too 另外;也,还as well as 也,又either…or…或者,要么(用来提出两个或更多选择中的前一个选择,而后一个选择用or引出)both and… 俩者都5. (补充)递进关系:furthermore;而且,此外moreover;而且,加之,再者,更有甚者further;更远地,较远地in this way ;这样still;仍然,还,依旧】not only...but also...;不但;不仅;不只… 并且not...but...;…但不in addition (to);另外additionally, 加之,又much more interesting, 更有趣more specifically, 更具体地说next, 接下去,然后besides;除…以外(还);除…以外(不再)as far as... is concerned; 就…而言moreover;而且,加之,再者,更有甚者、in other words;换句话说along this line of consideration;沿着这条思维模式on the one hand...,在一方面on the other hand...;在另一方面even;甚至,即使,更加,愈加as a poplar saying goes...;俗话说作为杨树…in order to do it...; 为了做到这一点…meanwhile;同时,其间at the same time;但是,然而,同时,一起accordingly;因此,所以,于是,in the first place...,首先,从一开始in the second place...;在第二个地方equally important; 同样重要of even greater appeal. 甚至更大吸引力6. 比较关系:similarly; 也,同样,类似地,相似地in like manner, 同样地in comparison with;与…比较起来when compared with;较,把…与…相比,比得上,可与…相比compared with;把…与…相比,比得上,可与…相比》when in fact...; 而实际上like...;像,相似,类似likewise;同样,亦,similarly important;同样重要apart from (doing)...;除…之外,撇开…不谈. 除了;若无,要不是... rather than...,除了;若无,要不是by doing so ;这样做both and...; 俩者都in the same way; 同样地not only...but (also).不但…而且-7. 对照(不同点):yet; 还,尚,仍然still; 仍然,依旧,还是for all of that; 尽管如此notwithstanding; 尽管如此,仍然,然而rather; 宁可,宁愿;最好neither ... nor; 俩者都不although; 但是,然而,尽管,虽然though; 但是,然而,尽管,虽然but; 但是—however; 不管怎样,可是,不过something is just the other way around;事情刚刚相反yet; 还,仍然,已经conversely;相反地,颠倒地unlike;与…不像,与…不同,不同的,不相似的opposed to; (正)反对as opposed to ;相对于in contrast (to);相比之下by way of;路经,途经,作为,当作,意在,为了on the contrary;(与此)相反,正相反$different from this;异于…as opposed to this;与此相反nevertheless; 仍然,然而,不过,尽管如此,然而contrary to;和… 相反,违反whereas;但是,而while;在…期间,虽然,然而but on the other hand.在另一方面8. 举例关系:for example;例如, 譬如for instance;例如,比如;in this case; 既然这样namely;即,那就是as you know;如你所知you may as/say;你可能为/说as he explains;如他解释like;像such as;像,例如a case in point is...; 佐证,恰当的例子consider...;即,那就是in particular;尤其,特别.including...;包括,包含for one thing...,首先,一则for another...;另…put it simply;简单地说stated roughly;在致as an illustration,作为一个例子i will say...;我将说a good example (of...)would be...;一个很好的例子…将…to detail this,这个细节i would like to...;我愿意,意欲"it is interesting to note that...;这是值得注意的in this situation; 在这种情况下as proof; 作为证明take the case of; 采取案件take as example (something);以范例(某物)as for; 至于,关于as regards;关于,至于as to;至于,关于,按着,根据according to; (表示依据)根据,按照on this occasion.在这场合}9. 强调关系:in fact; 实际上,其实especially;尤其,特别particularly;尤其,特别moreover;两者,此外,而且naturally; 自然,当然what is more important;而且,此外更重要的是什么in reality;实际上事实上certainly; 无疑;确定地(用以表示说话者相信所言属实)of course; 当然,自然)indeed; 的确,确实in particular;尤其,特别not to mention...;更不用说believe it or not;信不信由你undeniably; 不可否认other thing being equal;其它条件相的的事情it is certain/sure that...;可以肯定的是/确保to be strict; to be true;要严格,是真实的by definition; definitely; 根据定义,肯定undoubtedly; 无疑的;无可争辩的?without a doubt; 无疑地in truth, in any event(不论怎样);without reservation(毫无保留地);obviously, 显而易见的;清楚的;自明的;明显的not only.. but(also...), 不但;不仅;不只… 但both... and... 两者都10. 条件关系:if;如果,假如unless; 除非,如果不lest;(正式)免得,唯恐】provided that;假如,设若if it is the case;如果是的话in this sense;在这个意义上once...;一旦…就…if possible;如果可能的话if necessary;如必要的话if so;假如这样的话if not all; 如果不是全部if anything.更可能的是,总之11. 归纳总结类:)in other words;换句话说on the whole; 全部的;全体的;所有的;完整的,完全的in sum; 总而言之,大体上therefore;因此,为此,所以,故…,由此得出hence;因此,所以;由此in short;简而言之,总之in brief;简单地说,简而言之to sum up;总之,总而言之in conclusion; 最后,综上所述in summary;总的来说,归纳起来、to conclude;最后(一句话)the conclusion can be drawn that...; 可以得出的结论是for this reason; 因为这些理由in short.简而言之,总之12. 地点关系:beyond; 在…的那一边,向…的那一边,远于,在…的前面opposite to; 对面adjacent to; 毗邻,相邻at the same place; 在同一地点there; 在那里;往那里;到那里[over; 直接向上延伸的;在…的上方;在…的上空in the middle; 在中部,正忙于around; 在周围,在附近,到处,四周,大约,根据,以…为中心in front of; 在…前面,当着…的面in the distance; 在远处,在很远的那边farther; 更远地, 较远地, 再往前here and there; 在各处,零星分散地above; 在…正上面below; 在…下面,低于,在…背后at the right; 在正确的$between; 在…之间,之中,on this side.大西洋的这一边13. 目的关系:with this object; 说完这个对象,与此对象for this purpose; 为此in order that; 为了in this way, 这样since; 自从;从那以后,此后so that; 以便, 结果, 以致,所以on that account; 由于这个[那个]缘故@in case; 假使,免得,以防,也许,说不定with a view to; 为了,为的是for the same reason.为了同样的理由14 重申关系:in other words; 换句话说that is to say; 即,就是,换句话说,就是说,更确切地说as i have said; 正如我刚才所说的again; 现,又,此外,另一方面,反响,反应once again.再次15. 结果关系:^accordingly; 照着,相应地,因此,所以,于是thus; 以此方式,如此,这样,其结果是,因此,于是consequently; 所以,因此hence; 从此时起,从此处,因此,所以therefore; 因此,因而;所以,故… ,由此得出thereupon; 因此,于是,立即,随即inevitably; 必然发生的;不可避免的under these conditions; 在这此条件下as a result; 结果,因此as a consequence; 因而,结果~because; 因为because of; 因为,由于so that; 以便,结果,以致not only...but (also...); 不仅…但so... as to.所以…以16. 顺序关系:first; 第一,首先second; 第二,其次thirdly; 第三,next; 紧如此在后面的,次于的.then; 当时,那进,接着,于,然后,还有,而且,那么,因此at the outset(在开始时),following this;在此这后,下述这个at this time; 在那时, 在那段时间now; 现在;此刻at this point; 在这一点上after; 在…以后afterward; 以后,过后,后来after this; 在这个之后subsequently; 其后,随后,接着{lastly; 最后(一点)finally; 最后,终于,完全地consequently;所以,因此before this; 在这之前previously; 事先,以前preceding this; 在这之前的,在这个前面的simultaneously; 同时地concurrently(同时).17. 时间关系:at once; 立刻,immediately; 立即,马上,直接地at length; 充分地,详尽地,最后,终于in the mean time; 同时meanwhile; 同时,其间,其时at the same time; 同时,一起,但是,然而in the end; 最后,结果then; 当时,那时,接着,于是,然后,还有,而且,那么,因此soon; 不久,即刻,马上,早,快,宁可,宁愿not long after; 不久以后later; 较晚地,后来at once;立刻at last; 终于finally; 最后,终于,完全地some time ago; 不久前at present; 目前,现在all of a sudden; 突然地,突如其来地,猛然地from this time on;从这时起from time to time; 不时,偶尔,间或since then; 其后,从此一直when; 什么时候,那时whenever; 每当,每次,在任何时候next point; 下一点a few minutes later; 几分钟后formerly; 以前,从前as; 在…期间,当…时候once; 曾经,昔时, 一次since; 自从…之后occasionally; 偶尔,间或in a moment; 一会儿,立刻,马上shortly; 不久,很快,不耐烦地,简慢地whereupon; 在这以后,然后,于是previously 事先,以前。