第二部分爱尔兰共和国
第11章地理和历史
11.1 复习笔记
Ⅰ. Geographical Features
Ⅱ. Climate and Weather
1. The Northwest
2. Connacht and Clare
3. The Southwest
4. The Southeast
5. The Central Lowland
6. The Northeast
Ⅲ. Population and Religion
Ⅳ. Historical Background
Ⅴ. Foreign Policy
Ⅰ. Geographical Features
1. The Republic of Ireland is bounded on the northeast by Northern Ireland, on the east and southeast by the Irish Sea and St. George’s Channel and on the north and west by the Atlantic Ocean.
2. The capital is Dublin.
3. Variety is the main feature of the lowlands. The Central Lowland is the heart of Ireland.
4. The Irish coast, with its striking cliffs, is among the most impressive in Europe.
5. As Ireland was completely covered by ice sheets during the Ice Age, all extant plants and animals are migrant species from other parts of Europe.
Ⅰ. 地理特征
1. 爱尔兰共和国的东北部和北爱尔兰接壤，东部和东南部是爱尔兰海和圣乔治海峡，北部和西部是大西洋。
2. 首都是都柏林。
3. 低地的主要特点是多样性。爱尔兰的核心地区是中央低地。
4. 爱尔兰海岸有惊人的悬崖，是欧洲最令人印象深刻的风景。
5. 在冰河时期，爱尔兰完全被冰覆盖，所有现存的植物和动物都来自欧洲其他地区。
Ⅱ. Climate and Weather
The weather of Ireland is described as “mild,moist and changeable.” Ireland has excessive rainfall. Geographers have distinguished six climatic regions as follows.
1. The Northwest
The annual rainfall is from 1,016 to 1,778 mm with the maximum in winter. The mean temperatures for January, the coolest month, are about 5℃, with the summer means about 13℃ or 14℃.
2. Connacht and Clare
This region is similar to the Northwest, with slightly milder winters and warmer summers.
3. The Southwest
The region has rain on three days out of four, with an average of more than an hour’s sun per day in December and January.
4. The Southeast
The winters are mild, with means of 6℃to 7℃ along the southern coast.The summer months are comparatively warm with July means of 15℃ to 16℃.
5. The Central Lowland
This is the area of the lightest rainfall in Ireland. The mean winter temperatures are about 4℃ to 5℃.
6. The Northeast
The climate here is cooler throughout the year than in the rest of the country. The rainfall is 762 to 1,016 mm in the lowlands but higher in the Mourne Mountains Grassland.
Ⅱ. 气候和天气
爱尔兰的天气温和，湿润而又多变。爱尔兰降雨过多。地理学家划分了六大不同气候区。
1. 西北地区
年降水量是1016—1778毫米，冬天最多。1月份最为凉爽，平均气温是5摄氏度，夏天的平均气温是13或14摄氏度。
2. 康诺特城和克莱尔
这一地区和西北地区相似，冬天稍微温和，夏天更为温暖。
3. 西南地区
这一地区每四天中有三天降水，十二月和一月的平均日照时间为一个多小时。
4. 东南地区
冬天温和，南部沿海地区气温平均为六到七摄氏度。夏天相对温暖，七月份平均温度为15到16摄氏度。
5. 中央低地
这一地区是爱尔兰降水最少的地区。冬天的平均温度为四到五摄氏度。
6. 东北地区
这一地区全年的气候比爱尔兰其他地区的气候要凉爽。低地的降水量为762到1016毫米，但在莫恩山脉草原的降水量相对更高。
Ⅲ. Population and Religion
1. The population of Ireland in 1990 was estimated at 3.5 million. In Ireland the basic ethnic stock is Celtic.
2. The year 1845, when the Great Famine began, marks the end of one era and the beginning of another in the social history of Ireland.
3. There are two official languages in Ireland. They are Irish (or Gaelic) and English.
4. Ireland is one of the most Catholic countries of Europe. Irish Catholicism extends far beyond the borders of Ireland as a result of the large 19th-century emigration.
5. The Anglican Church of Ireland is the largest non-Catholic denomination.
Ⅲ. 人口和宗教
1. 爱尔兰的人口在1990年是为350万。爱尔兰基本的民族是凯尔特人。
