新词难词的翻译

Pipe dream: 白日梦知不知道“烟斗”怎么说？很简单，仅用一个pipe就可形容这种“一头带有小吹嘴的管状抽烟用具”。

当然，谈起pipe（烟斗），免不了会想到19世纪提着烟袋吸食鸦片的烟鬼们。

短语pipe dream（白日梦）还真得从烟鬼们腾云驾雾的“感觉”谈起。

Have a bad hair day: 坏心情要是有人对您说“I have a bad hair day”，您可千万别以为她在抱怨自己的发型。

A bad hair day是个俚语，指的是“很不顺利的一天”。

若仔细推敲一下，a bad hair day远非“不顺利”三个字就能囊括的。

White elephant: 沉重的包袱如今流行这么一句话，“买车容易养车难”。

其中的理儿谁都明白，不说其它杂七杂八的养车开销，单看那油价居高不下就令整个儿工薪族望而却步。

今天谈的white elephant（“白象”）和“车”同属一个道理——很贵重却因难养而成为负担。

Brass ring: 发财机会！“嘿，如果有送上门来的‘发财机会’，您可千万要抓住哦！”看了这句话，您一定要笑，除非是傻瓜笨蛋，否则没人不知道这个理儿，当然，前提条件是法律允许范围之内。

道理您是知道的，不过，您知道如何用英语来表达“发财机会”吗？Potluck: 家常便饭看看标题，再看看图片上大大小小的餐盘，您一定会怀疑potluck（家常便饭）的正确性。

呵呵，别急，我可没说potluck（家常便饭）不可以表示potluck（聚餐），一词多义嘛，不管是在汉语里还是在英语里可都是家常便饭！Cold turkey: 突然完全戒毒谁都明白，招惹上“毒品”，想完全戒掉可不是件易事儿。

若想一夜间突然把毒完全戒掉，更是难上加难，没见过《永不瞑目》中肖童毒瘾发作时的症状？——畏寒颤抖、汗毛竖起、浑身起鸡皮疙瘩，状如……状如什么？唉！看完短语cold turkey我们再做形容。

chaperon: 女伴如果读过小仲马的《茶花女》，不知你是否记得Marguerite（玛格丽特）的女伴Prudence （普律当丝），chaperon（女伴）一词曾在英文版的《茶花女》里频繁出现。

R:人才抄底 (ren2 cai2 chao1 di3)recruit talents at bottom priceSome employers regard the global recession as a great opportunity to get high-quality professionals for a relatively low cost. Several overseas recruitment efforts have focused on overseas Chinese talents, more of whom are willing to work in China.肉食女 (rou4 shi2 nv3)meat-eating girlIn Japanese, it's "Nikushokukei Joshi," which means girls who are aggressive toward men in love, sex or marriage. The reason is simple: men are not approaching women nowadays.人性化服务(ren2xing4hua4 fu2wu4)people-oriented serviceThe city's service industry has been promoting a "people first" practice in order to provide more considerate and satisfactory services to clients.人脸识别系统 (ren2lian3shi2bie2xi4tong3)facial recognition systemBeijing announced lately that it will equip a facial recognition system in 500 shopping malls to improve security measures during the 2008 Olympic Games.人来疯 (ren2lai2feng1)get hyped before crowdMany children tend to close their usual self and turn unruly when guests drop by. It is also used to describe the rarely exhibited showy behavior of an adult at the presence of a crowd of strangers.人脉 (ren2mai4)connectionsRen literally means a human and mai, veins and arteries, which are traditionally deemed essential to good health. Some experts say friendships and other personal relations may push an entrepreneur a solid step toward success.软肋 (ruan3lei4)soft spot, Achilles' heelThe word literally translates as a soft rib, but Chinese people use it to represent the most vulnerable spot of a person, a program or system.软实力 (ruan3shi2li4)soft powerFrom "Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics" —a book written by Joseph Nye, who was said to create the concept in the 1990s. Soft power is the ability to get what a country wants by attracting and persuading others to approve and support its goals.软骨症(ruan3gu3zheng4)"soft bone" syndromeThis refers to the phenomenon of some authorities conniving at malpractice by their subordinates after taking bribes from them.人肉布景板 (ren2 rou4 bu4 jing3 ban3)human photo sceneFilm stars and other showbiz icons attract considerable attention from fans, who often ask them to pose for a photo so that they can later show it to others. The celebrities have become a prop in the photo for such fans.软裁 (ruan3 cai2)soft layoff/insidious layoutSome layoffs are done in a subtle manner. Some companies move an employee to a less important or lower pay position or send him or her on frequent business trips without covering the trip's expenses.人气 (ren2qi4)popularityWhen a place attracts a large crowd on a regular basis or is always full of activities, people say it is enjoying high popularity, or in Chinese, it is full of "human smell."软脚蟹(ruan3jiao3xie4)spineless, namby-pambySoft-legged crab, as this term literally translates, is no good because it's premature and yields little meat. It is often used to describe a person deemed a weakling.软文广告 (ruan3wen2 guang3gao4)advertorialThe Chinese term translates literally as "soft-article advertising." It derives from the English word "advertorial," a portmanteau of "advertising" and "editorial." Advertorial is an advertisement presented in the form of a legitimate and independent news story in a publication.肉机(rou4ji1)hacker-controlled computerThis term, "meat machine" as it translates literally, refers to a hacker-controlled computer which has been infected with some sort of malware.软创新 (ruan3 chuang4xin1)soft innovationThis term refers to innovation of macro or micro management systems. They include operation mechanisms, management, policies, organization, business model and production process.热裤 (re4ku4)tight pantsThe word applies particularly to the tight-fitting short pants worn by young Chinese women who prefer to show off their curves, if any. Usually the pants are worn in hot weather, which may explain why the Chinese word for hot, re, is used.惹火 (re3huo3)inviting; hotThe expression is especially used these days by youngsters to refer to sexy and attractive dresses or ladies with curvaceous bodies.忍者贷款 (ren3zhe3dai4kuan3)Ninja loanThis term means a loan or mortgage given to a person who has "no income, no job, and no assets."人肉引擎 (ren2rou4 yin3qing2)social network-based search engineThe phrase refers to a new phenomenon on the Internet when people volunteer to dig out detailed background information about a particular person through their social networks. For example, Internet users exposed the ID number, mobile phone number and even company name of a woman who viciously attacked her husband's ex-wife in her blog.人肉搜索 (ren2rou4sou1suo3)human search engineRefers to Netizens using their human network to track down someone they have seen on the Internet.润物女(rùn wù nǚ)woman of active lifeThis is a phrase coined by Chinese and used as the opposite to the Japanese term "himono onna" or "dried-fish woman." The Japanese term refers to a female who has little activity other than staying home and spending time online. They pursue a simple lifestyle and shy away from complicated social networking. The Chinese term refers to women who love going out, keep fit and enjoy life.软装 (ruan3 zhuang1)soft decorationThe arrangement of potted plants, framed photos, oil paintings and other artworks or accessories in a house is called soft decoration, as compared to the interior decoration featuring plumbing and flooring.软性技能 (ruan3 xing4 ji4 neng2)soft skillIn addition to professional know-how, an employee will be viewed favorably by an employer if he or she possesses personal qualities such as good communication and expression skills and a strong team spirit.人球 (ren2 qiu2)helpless castawayThe term, literally meaning "human ball", refers to poor people for whom no one is willing to provide help. They are kicked around by people just like a tattered football. The term "little human ball" describes those kids whose parents have divorced and neither is willing to look after them.人际泡沫 (ren2 ji4 pao4 mo4)interpersonal bubbleRefers to getting a bunch of name cards every day only to find you are unfamiliar with most of the people or the hundreds of buddies lining up on your MSN or Facebook but you chat with few of them. It is quite often nowadays that a person with a lonely heart is surrounded by a "social bubble. "软岗位 (ruan3 gang3 wei4)soft jobThe UK government is to spend a billion pounds (US$1.7 billion) on creating 150,000 "soft" public sector jobs for unemployed people. Such socially useful jobs include child carers, dance assistants and tourism ambassadors.软外交 (ruan3 wai4 jiao1)soft diplomacyIt refers to diplomatic moves, like investment and cultural exchanges, that contribute quietly to international influence, as opposed to hard diplomacy, like a pre-emptive war. The term is reminiscent of "soft power."E:恶播 (e4 bo1)the vicious TV showThis phrase, meaning literally "vicious broadcasting", has been popping up in Chinese media reports and online posters recently after several provincial TV stations telecast the same series using aggressive and unconventional methods in order to attract audiences. Some broadcast two or three episodes of the series more than 10 times a day, others presented an "abridged" version to "outplay" other TV stations. The phenomenon reflects a serious shortage of good TV products and lack of effective market regulations in the outlying country regions.二维码 (er4 wei2 ma3)QR CodeA QR Code is a matrix code invented by Japanese corporation Denso-Wave in 1994. The QR is derived from "Quick Response." Camera mobile phone users with code-reading software can scan the image of the QR Code and be relinked to a Website that this code represents.二手短信 (er4 shou3 duan3 xin4)second-hand SMSIt refers to mobile phone messages received from, and sent to, others. There are many such messages of greeting in circulation during holiday seasons. Using them displays a lack of originality, and even sincerity, as they are never your own.恶搞 (e4gao3)kusoThe term refers to the online popular fad of turning a famous song, movie or other artwork into a parody that offends some people but amuses others. It is a Japanese word.二房东 (er4fang2dong1)second-hand landlordThe phrase means people who rent an apartment from the owner and then lease to other tenants to make money from the price difference. Many property management companies are complaining that some "second-hand landlords" divide apartments into smaller units to rent to more tenants.二奶 (er4nai3)kept mistressThis Chinese term was used in the past to refer to the number two of a man's wives. But today, it is widely used to call a kept mistress who has an ongoing extramarital sexual relationship with a man. She is usually financially supported by the man.恶帝/恶后 (e4di4/e4hou4)infamous celebrityGuo Jingming, a writer accused of plagiarism and Li Xudan, a TV actress accused of lying about her age, have won this year's "Golden Crow Awards,"a title for the most infamous celebrities on the Chinese mainland.恶趣味(e4qu4wei4)repulsive addictionOriginating in Japan, the term refers to disgusting addictions people indulge in, especially those do not match their social status.二奶专家 (er4nai3 zhuan1jia1)mercenary expertFor years, it's been a trend in China for companies to hire mercenary experts to distort public information for purposes such as promoting their products or protecting their reputation. This Chinese term combines the phrases "kept mistress" and "expert," because people tend to think of such experts as "kept mistresses" of the firms.二次污染 (er4ci4wu1ran2)secondary pollutionUnclean cisterns installed on top of some residential buildings and the landfill sites for wastes often become the source of secondary pollution for tap water and the surrounding environment.恶意圈钱 (e4yi4quan1qian2)malicious money grabbingDomestic stock markets plunged to a seven-month low last week amid mounting apprehension over new share offerings, which investors believed were part of a malicious intent to grab money from the markets. China Securities Regulatory Commission has warned listed firms to consider market conditions, investor sentiment and their own funding needs before deciding the timing and size of refinancing.286 (er4ba1liu4)slow, stupidIt literally refers to the older model of computer running on a 286 CPU, which is slow. Now it's used humorously to mean someone who is slow or stupid.N:脑抽 (nao3 chou1)brain spasmIt is a rude expression used by young Netizens to describe a person who acts or speaks in an insane way as if he or she is suffering from cerebral spasms.牛皮癣 (niu2 pi2 xuan3)street spamThe Chinese term literally means psoriasis, a common but annoying skin disease. It is now often used figuratively to describe usually shoddyprinted ads or signs unsightly plastered on street walls, trees, utility poles, telephone booths or other public places.内功 (nei4gong1)inner powerThe term originally referred to the rare power a kungfu master accumulated in the inner organs, such as control of breathing to enhance the impact of a punch. These days, people often use it to describe an organization's competitiveness and efficiency resulting from its internal system and innovation.农家乐 (nong2jia1le4)farmer's home innDuring the weeklong golden holidays, people often cannot find hotels in popular sites, so some farmers will lend their houses to tourists, which are cheaper than normal hotels. Tourists can also eat with the farmer's family and do farmer chores for fun.裸考 (luo3kao3)naked examThis is word-for-word translation of the newly invented Chinese term. It does not mean that one takes a test with nothing on. It means a "pure test," in which no one can get any special treatment, such as winning additional points because of one's other talents or performance. In the past, student who have artistic or athletic gifts, were often given extra points on their academic exams.闹洞房 (nao4dong4fang2)bridal chamber pranksIt's Chinese tradition that guests crowd into the bridal chamber to tease the newly-wed couple after the wedding banquet. Anything goes here and sometimes it turns into a rather rowdy gathering that lasts late into the night.女猪(nu3zhu1)heroine, female protagonist"pig" and "protagonist" have similar pronunciations in Chinese except for their tones, so do not mistake the term for "female pig" next time you see it online – it is actually a trendy way of saying heroine among the literature fans on the Internet.娘娘腔(niang2niang2qiang1)sissy, pansyThe English phrase originally refers to a weak man or a homosexual. Peoplein Shanghai use the Chinese phrase to describe boys or men who talk or behave in an effeminate way.脑子进水(nao3zijin4shui3)bubble brainIf water is injected into the brain, as this Chinese term reads verbatim, it won't be able to work very well. This term is commonly used these days to mean someone who is being stupid or confused.裸替 (luo3ti4)nude stand-inNude stand-in refers to people who substitute big stars in movies for nudity shots. A nude stand-in for movie star Zhang Ziyi in "The Banquet" recently popped up in the spotlight of the media by telling her own stories and career.脑体倒挂(nao3ti3dao4gua4)limbs before brainsThe phrase refers to the phenomenon that some talent-intensive jobs such as researchers are paid less than labor-intensive ones such as meter readers when industries are not market-oriented.牛皮癣 (niu2pi2xuan3)nagging problem, eyesore adsThe term for a skin disease, psoriasis, is often used to describe a prolonged nagging problem. It may also be used to depict the eyesore ads, such as illicit trashy ads posted or printed on walls, telecomm poles, door steps or even pavements, which are very difficult to get rid of.鸟人族(niao3ren2zu2)bird peopleIn colloquial Chinese, this is not a term for creatures in science fiction, fantasy fiction or mythology. Instead, it refers to people who move their home frequently, on an average of two to three times a year, in a city like Shanghai. Their purposes are to find novel living environments, new lifestyles or to meet particular personal needs, such as sleeping in an absolutely quiet room.内紧外松 (nei4jin3wai4song1)floating duck tacticThis translation is based on the English term of "floating duck syndrome," which describes a situation where a duck paddles frantically underneath in order to keep its body calmly floating on the water. In China, however, people don't see it as a syndrome, but a tactic to hide one's efforts inspeeding up his work or in controlling damages underneath a calm and relaxed appearance.(你)太有才了!(ni3tai4you3cai2le0)You're so gifted!This was the jape repeatedly cited by a female comedian in a show at this yea's Spring Festival television gala, now a sine qua non of the Chinese New Year celebration. Since then it has become so popular, and it is widely used in daily conversations to flatter someone for his/her smarts.内定(nei4ding4)predeterminationIt usually refers to the process of making decisions on choosing candidates or leaders to certain positions in government departments, companies, work units or organizations before the official announcement or going through some prescribed formalities.奶粉钱 (nai3fen3qian2)baby moneyThe Chinese term translates verbatim the money for buying milk powders. It now often refers to the money for raising a new baby.内鬼 (nei4gui3)inner culpritThe Chinese term means literally "inner ghost." It refers to the perpetrators, spies or any kind of wrongdoers inside an organization. Because they work from inside, it's usually rather difficult to discover their moves.暖巢管家 (nuan3chao2 guan3jia1)empty-nest servantA servant offering home services to older citizens whose children have moved out. Empty nest is a term commonly used for families where the children have grown up and moved away, leaving behind their aging parents.诺亚规则 (nuo4ya4 gui1ze2)Noah PrincipleIt refers to the theory that the world should join hands in reining in the trend of global warming before it is too late.暖春之旅 (nuan3chun1zhi1lu3)warm spring tripRefers to the recent visit by Chinese President Hu Jintao to Japan. Hu described his visit as a warm spring trip to indicate the efforts madeby the two countries to enhance their bilateral.农业通胀 (nong2ye4tong1zhang4)agflationA blend of "agriculture and "inflation. It refers to the inflation driven predominantly by rising prices of agricultural products.奶油妈妈 (nai3 yo2u ma1 ma1)milky momThe term refers to mothers who, after the prescribed four-month maternity leave, have to go back to work but keep feeding their babies with their own milk. So, they have to find time and proper places to collect their milk during work hours and then bring the milk home after work. Since thousands of babies have recently fallen sick after taking some tainted milk powder products, the "milky mom" has become a healthy trend.男人妆(nan2ren2zhuang1)unisex makeupSome women make themselves up in a way that is unisex instead of purely feminine.NONO族(NoNo zu2)NONO clanThe word came from best-seller Naomi Klein's book "No Logo" in 2002. It refers to young people who pursue a pure and environmentalfriendly life that refuses any luxurious products. Though well-off, they despise all the famous brands but prefer goods with strong individual styles.逆商 (ni4 shang1)adversity quotientIt is the capability of a person to stand firm against setbacks and pull through hard times. A person with a high AQ is able to survive a career crisis.捏捏族 (nie3 nie3 zu2)package crumbling clanThis new group, mainly made up of young people, vents their rage by crunching food packages such as those of instant noodles in supermarkets. Such harmful behavior is widely condemned on the Internet. Experts suggest proper communication and physical exercise are a better way to beat the pressure.牛奋男 (niu2 fen4 nan2)bull-featured menThis expression is used to describe men who work hard without high incomes for their families. They are increasingly popular among young female white-collar workers for their bull-like characteristics, such as loyalty, diligence and sense of responsibility. Their popularity indicates a change in female office workers's preferences.男人婆 (nan2 ren2 po2)macho womanIt refers to a woman who is preoccupied with the will to gain the upper hand over men, besides her resemblance to a man in behavior.NC63The phrase is short for "No Computer 63 Hours" that refers to a campaign becoming popular in big cities. The organizer of the campaign advises people to shut down their computers at 6pm on Friday and not turn them on again until 9am on Monday to enjoy real life as well as save energy.年午饭 (nian2 wu3 fan4)Lunar New Year's lunchWith Chinese New Year coming, the peak season for restaurants serving New Year Eve's dinner - a tradition for family reunions - is also looming. More families tend to take lunch for year-end meals to avoid the rush.年清族 (nian2 qing1 zu2)yearly spend-allAn expression coined by self-mocking youngsters who spend virtually all their savings within a year in the weeklong Spring Festival on gifts and "red envelopes." The expression plays on the word 清, which means to "use up" here but is pronounced the same as 轻，as in 年轻，which means young.奴现象 (nu2 xian4 xiang4)slave phenomenonThe phrase refers to the huge pressure young people face that has enslaved them with all the burdens of daily life. The young people are overwhelmed by house mortgages and gasoline fees and cannot support a family with monthly incomes already stretched thin. Some even called themselves a festival slave as socializing and gifts cost too much.牛奶大脑 (niu2 nai3 da4 nao3)milk brainThe term refers to feelings of disorientation and mental sluggishness reported by some mothers of newborn babies as a result of their total involvement in the child's care to the exclusion of almost everything else.奈特尔家庭 (nai4 te4 er3 jia1 ting2)NETTEL familyThe term is abbreviated from "Not Enough Time to Enjoy Life Family," referring to those who have a high income but no time to enjoy life because of busy work schedules. Australian sociologists found the number of NETTEL families has increased in their country. However, the sociologists also found that most NETTEL families like their lifestyle because it shows they are successful in business.闹太套(nao4 tai4 tao4)not at allThe term is part of the lyrics of the 2008 Beijing Olympic song "One World One Dream" by singer Huang Xiaoming. It became popular for Huang's awkward Chinglish pronunciation. 嫩模 (nen4 mo2)girl modelGirl models, mostly in their early teens, are slim and not yet curvy, so they're perfect for many trendy styles and unisex street wear. These very young models recently promoted their photo albums at the 21st Hong Kong Book Fair in July.u时代(you2shi2dai4)u (ubiquitous) eraThe world in entering into a ubiquitous era, in which people can live with networked objects everywhere and have interaction with computers any time.。

晏殊《浣溪沙·一曲新词酒一杯》翻译及赏析晏殊《浣溪沙·一曲新词酒一杯》翻译及赏析《浣溪沙·一曲新词酒一杯》抒发了作者晏殊悼惜残春之情，表达了时光易逝的感伤之情，以下是小编J.L分享的《浣溪沙·一曲新词酒一杯》翻译及赏析，更多宋代诗人诗词鉴赏请关注。

【作品介绍】《浣溪沙·一曲新词酒一杯》是宋代词人晏殊的代表作。

此词虽含伤春惜时之意，却实为感慨抒怀之情，悼惜残春，感伤年华的飞逝，又暗寓怀人之意。

词之上片绾合今昔，叠印时空，重在思昔;下片则巧借眼前景物，重在伤今。

全词语言圆转流利，通俗晓畅，清丽自然，意蕴深沉，启人神智，耐人寻味。

词中对宇宙人生的深思，给人以哲理性的启迪和美的艺术享受。

其中“无可奈何花落去，似曾相识燕归来”两句历来为人称道。

【原文】浣溪沙⑴一曲新词酒一杯⑵，去年天气旧亭台⑶。

夕阳西下几时回⑷?无可奈何花落去⑸，似曾相识燕归来⑹。

小园香径独徘徊⑺。

【注释】⑴浣溪沙：唐玄宗时教坊曲名，后用为词调。

沙，一作“纱”。

⑵一曲新词酒一杯：此句化用白居易《长安道》诗意：“花枝缺入青楼开，艳歌一曲酒一杯”。

一曲，一首。

因为词是配合音乐唱的，故称“曲”。

新词，刚填好的词，意指新歌。

酒一杯，一杯酒。

⑶去年天气旧亭台：是说天气、亭台都和去年一样。

此句化用五代郑谷《和知己秋日伤怀》诗：“流水歌声共不回，去年天气旧池台。

”晏词“亭台”一本作“池台”。

去年天气，跟去年此日相同的天气。

旧亭台，曾经到过的或熟悉的亭台楼阁。

旧，旧时。

⑷夕阳：落日。

西下：向西方地平线落下。

几时回：什么时候回来。

⑸无可奈何：不得已，没有办法。

⑹似曾相识：好像曾经认识。

形容见过的事物再度出现。

后用作成语，即出自晏殊此句。

燕归来：燕子从南方飞回来。

燕归来，春中常景，在有意无意之间。

⑺小园香径：花草芳香的小径，或指落花散香的小径。

因落花满径，幽香四溢，故云香径。

香径，带着幽香的园中小径。

独：副词，用于谓语前，表示“独自”的意思。

一、英语新词产生的原因1. 政治的变化。

第二次世界大战以后,特别是近几年来,世界政治形势发生了很大的变化,这些变化不可避免地给英语语言增添了不少新词。

[ 1 ]10由于苏联、美国两大军事集团的长期对峙,形成了诸如cold war (冷战) 、armrace (军备竞赛) 、NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization北大西洋公约组织) ,Warsaw Pact (华沙条约组织) 、Superpower (超级大国) 、The Third World (第三世界)等新词。

2001年美国的“9. 11”事件带来了terrorism (恐怖主义) 、Chechen (车臣武装) 、Taliban (塔利班组织) 、United Nations Protection Force (联合国维和部队)等。

西方国家元首上台后各自执行的特色政策也给英语带来了一些新词, 如Blairism (布莱尔的政策) 、Bushism (布什的政策) 。

美国国内的政治动荡也产生了许多新词,像sit - in (静坐示威) 、swim - in (游泳示威) 、teach - in (宣讲会) 、be - in (颓废派的社交集会) 、ride - in (乘车示威)等。

另外,妇女解放运动同样产生了一些新词: chairwoman (女主席) 、feminism(男女平等主义) 、male chauvinist (大男子主义) 、girlcott(抵制)等。

2. 经济的发展。

随着世界各国经济的迅速发展及经济全球一体化的到来,英语语言中便相应地涌现出不少与之相适应的新词。

世界上出现了大量新的经济贸易组织,比较著名的有World Trade Organization (世界贸易组织) 、Organization of Petrol Exporting Countries (石油输出国组织) 、EEC ( European Economic Community欧共体)等。

周光族 (zhou1 guang1 zu2)weekly spend-allSimilar to, but worse than, people who spend all their monthly income well before pay day, this group spends their monthly wages within a week, sometimes because they earn too little to last through.宅购族 (zhai2 gou4 zu2)otaku shoppersIt refers to those who stay at home during holidays and do online shopping to avoid the crowd on the streets. The Chinese expression is a spin-off from a similar Japanese term otaku （御宅族）.植入式广告 (zhi2 ru4 shi4 guang3 gao4)product placementThis refers to the practice of intentionally showing the brand of a product in a movie to promote it in an unostentatious way. For instance, in the popular movie "If You Are the One," certain brands of cell phones and an airline company are displayed.桌游 (zhuo1 you2)board gameBoard games didn't gain popularity in China until recent years. The Chinese expression literally means a table game.撞脸 (zhuang4 lian3)doppelganger, look-alikeThe Chinese term literally means "clash of faces", which refers to two people who look very much like each other.走班族 (zou3 ban1 zu2）walk-to-work clanThe phrase refers to those who choose to go to work on foot instead of taking buses or cars in order to avoid traffic jams and to keep themselves fit.抓手 (zhua1 shou3)handle, key issueOriginally meaning a handgrip or knob, the term is now frequently used to describe an opportunity or means for achieving a goal. It may also mean key issues or points for a breakthrough.中美国 (zhong1 mei3 guo2)chimericaEconomist Niall Ferguson coined the word to emphasize the close and interdependent relations between the world's two major economies, China and America.砖家 (zhuan1 jia1)charlatanThe term, popular on the Internet and with a negative connotation, generally refers to those people who like to brag about their limited knowledge and promote themselves as "experts." The pronunciation of the phrase in Chinese is exactly the same as "expert" and the first character means "brick" in Chinese, which implies these "experts" are so shameless that their faces are tough enough to withstand the force of a brick.纸枷锁 (zhi3 jia1 suo3)paper yokeIn ancient China, some offenders were shackled with a pillory and made to hold a bowl of water with their enclosed hands. If they spilled the water they would be clubbed to death. Now people use paper pillory to refer to subtle oppression one may face in life.蟑螂族 (zhang1 lang2 zu2)cockroach clanThe term is used to describe people who are unperturbed by any negative publicity about them and who insist on living in an environment that is unsuitable for them. Like cockroaches, they have the ability to survive in hostile conditions.周边产品 (zhou1 bian1 chan3 ping3)peripheral goodsA concert by a popular band, a hit TV show, or even a designer's exhibition can spin off a variety of consumer goods ranging from school supplies to fashion accessories, decorated with the characters' figure or logo. The goods meet the needs of fans and are also a good way to cash in on thepopularity of idols.自助自行车 (zi4 zhu4 zi4 xing2 che1)self-service bicycle rentalThe self-service bicycle rental facility has been introduced into a few cities around the country to ease traffic pressure and reduce noxious emissions.坐家 (zuo4 jia1)sedentary workerThis Chinese term, implying a "chair-bound professional, " refers to sedentary workers, such as typists, computer operators and paper pushers.种草莓(zhòng cǎo méi)give a hickeyThe term, meaning literally "planting strawberry" in Chinese, refers to the behavior of giving the skin a reddish mark through amorous kissing.中国宇航员 (zhong1guo2 yu3hang2yuan2)taikonautThis is a hybrid word formed from the Chinese taikong, "space," and Greek nautes, "sailor." It distinguishes Chinese spacemen from the astronauts of the United States, cosmonauts of Russia and spationauts from French-speaking countires.主旋律 ( zhu3xuan2lv4)mainstream ideology or trendThe Chinese term borrows from musicology, which literally means the "key melody." It is now often used to stand for the mainstream (or government-backed) ideology or trend.自闭症儿童 (zi4bi4zheng4 er2tong2)autistic childThere are reportedly more than 10,000 children suffering from autism in Shanghai and there is no know cure. Japan recently donated US$80,000 to a Shanghai kindergarten to improve the treatment for such children.纸黄金 (zhi 3huang2jin1)paper goldA general term to describe gold contrasts, which do not necessarily involve the delivery of physical gold. The International Monetary Fund invented "paper gold" in 1971. The Bank of China Shanghai branch now sells paper gold 24 hours a day.装修房(zhuang1xiu1fang2)finished apartmentThe city plans to promote marketing of more finished apartments, complete with flooring, bathroom and kitchen units and painted walls and windows, in an attempt to cut down noise pollution and prevent destruction of residential buildings resulting from individuals' random plans of installing equipment in and decorating their new homes.撞衫 (zhuang4shan1)clothing clashingThis Chinese term means two or more people appear in a gathering or a public place accidentally wearing identical clothing. So, all fashion-minded ladies would try their very best to avoid zhuangshan or "clothing clashing." For them, clothing clashing is a disaster or an embarrassment, to say the least.自由行 (zi4you2xing2)self-guided tourThis has become an increasingly popular form of travel with urban residents in China, especially among the young people. Having hotel and transport arranged by travel agencies and the itinerary totally controlled in their own hands, the travelers can enjoy the convenience of a package tour and the freedom of backpacking travel.斩冲头 (zhan3chong4tou2)rip off a suckerThis is a Shanghai slang, meaning to treat someone as a pushover or foolish spender in a deal or transaction. If you were persuaded to buy something of poor quality at a high price, you would be called chongtou (sucker) by Shanghainese.种源农业 (zhong3yuan2nong2ye4)seed variety cultivationPlant varieties and seed cultivation are an important part of theso-called modern metropolitan agriculture that has been listed as a major goal of the city in developing its rural areas in the following five years.做秀 (zuo4xiu4)publicity stuntThe term means some exaggerated or unusual behaviors people do to draw public attention to promote themselves, products or anything else. East China Normal University reportedly questioned a housekeeping service company's recent attempt to hire students as temporary ayis was a publicity stunt.招牌菜 (zhao1pai2cai4)signature dishes/house special, a Website recommending famous restaurants and dishes, has recently become popular. You can easily find the most famous dishes of a restaurant on that Website.走光 (zou3guang1)wardrobe malfunctionThis is a euphemism to describe an accidental exposure of some intimate parts of human body. For instance, Janet Jackson blamed her scandalous breakaway dress in her Super Bowl performance in 2004 on a "wardrobe malfunction."足球寡妇 (zu2qiu2 gua3fu4)football widowNot everyone is thrilled about the World Cup, especially the wives of feverish football fans. With shopping discounts and traveling specials offered by sharp-sighted business people, these women will manage through this difficult month.赞 (zan4)superduperThis Chinese word, meaning "to praise," is now widely used on the Internet by Chinese Netizens to extol and recommend a movie, a story or any other things. It conveys the mixed feeling of appraisal, approval, recommendation and admiration.抓辫子（zhua1bian4zi3）catch someone's mistakeThe Chinese term translates literally "pigtail gripping." It used to be a crucial tactic in winning the upper hand in a bare-hand fight during the Qing Dynasty, when every man had to keep a pigtail on the back of his head. Nowadays, however, the term is often used to mean picking out and catching someone's mistakes, particularly in political campaigns.作女 (zuo4nu3)high-maintenance womanSuch women need a lot of care and attention from a partner. Men usually have to spend a lot of money to maintain their relationship because these women tend to have an endless stream of demands.脏话衫(zang1hua4shan1)clothing with expletivesClothes printed with English, Japanese and Korean expletives are popular among local children, especially middle-school students. They think "It's not nice to say these words, but it's cool to wear them." However, their fashion interest at present has worried parents, some of whom even use dictionaries to vet their children's wardrobes.装嫩族 (zhuang1nen4zu2)grupsGrups refers to people who are in their 30s or 40s but act like they're in their 20s. They have been credited with killing off the generation gap as they redefine age. This word originated from a New York magazine that described a "Star Trek" episode featuring a planet run by wild children trapped in perpetual youth. The children call "Captain Kirk" and his crew grups, short for grown-ups.职业舞伴 (zhi2ye4 wu3ban4)taxi dancerParamount, one of the oldest entertainment venues in Shanghai, began recruiting professional "taxi dancers" recently, to dance with guests and guide them.注水剧 (zhu4shui3ju4)soaked soapThese days many soap opera producers are accused of dragging out a plot into an unreasonable length in order to sell the series for a higher price to TV stations.抓狂 (zhua1kuang2)going crazyYoung people these days often use this term to describe a person who is behaving insanely because he is so mad at something or he has lost control of a grim situation.扎台型(zha1tai2xing2)be showy, act dashinglyWhen some people feel too good about themselves and go to the lengths to show it off in front of others, they are "acting dashing." This is a Pidgin English term in Shanghai dialect which borrows the English words "dashing."钟点房 (zhong1dian3fang2)hour-rate room, love hotelMore and more "love hotels" have mushroomed around universities in the city. These hotel rooms are usually priced by the hour. Such hotels are often patronized by students. There's also another kind of hour-rate hotel rooms in airports, which are designed for passengers who have to wait several hours between two flights.走鬼 (zou3gui3)illegal booth ownerThis term is mostly used in Guangdong, which means people who run illegal stalls along the streets and play hide-andseek with police officers. The owners have to push their booths and escape as fast as possible to avoid being caught by police. The Chinese term literally means "walking ghost."做派 (zuopai)acting, way of behaviorThis term originally means the acting or gestures and movements on stage. Now, it is also used to depict a person's way of behavior or manner in doing things or dealing with various situations and people.长草 (zhang3cao3)a growing cravingThis word is to describe the growing of some consumers' desires for certain items. For example, when a girl is interested in cosmetics, clothes or shoes but can't buy them immediately because of high price or other reasons, her desire will grow until buying them. The Chinese literally means "grass-growing" (in the heart), which reflects the robust growing of the desire for the product.中招 (zhongzhao)rise to the bait, hit by virusThe Chinese term usually refers to someone who is caught in a trap set up for him. Now, it is often used to mean that a computer is hit by virus and becomes dysfunctional.走穴(zou3xue4)moonlightingThis term refers specially to actors, actresses or singers and doctors, lecturers or engineers who use their own time to work in something that is not arranged by their employers or take a second or third job for additional income.蛰居族(zhe2ju1zu2)secluded clanCompared with the group of NEET — Not in Employment, Education or Training—these people go further. The secluded clan refers to some young people who do not work, live off their parents and stay at home all the time to avoid any social life or contact with other people.钻石王老五 (zuan4shi2wang2lao3wu3)diamond bachelorThe Chinese term translates directly as "an old Joe with diamonds." A diamond bachelor has usually passed the optimum marriage years, but is much valued because he is successful in his career and has status in society. Many women desire such bachelors.真人秀 (zhen1ren2xiu4)reality showIf refers to TV programs which feature common people caught in real life situations instead of acting as the producer directs.作弊克 (zuo4bi4ke4)anti-cheat sensorChina's education authorities have installed such electronic devices in many schools to prevent examinees cheating via wireless radio signal receivers. The sensor is able to pinpoint dishonest examinees who use an earphone or any other receiver to obtain answers to the exam.子弹头列车 (zi3dan4tou2 lie2che1)bullet trainBullet trains are trains with bullet-shaped locomotives, which are designed according to aerodynamics, allowing the train to run at a high speed. A bullet train arrived in Shanghai on January 15, which will travel between 200 and 250 kilometers an hour.众包 (zhong4bao1)crowdsourcingThis Chinese term is actually a translation of the new English word "crowdsourcing," which means obtaining labor, products, or content from people outside a company, particularly from a large group of customers or amateurs who work for little or no pay.拽 (zhuai3)arrogantThe word originates from a northern dialect but has come into use in daily talk these days to mean those who pride themselves on skills, fame, or income over their rivals or peers.找不着北 (zhao3bu4zhao2bei3)lose one's bearingsIt is a colloquial expression commonly used to refer to someone being baffled by a confusing situation or snapped by overwhelming rivals.砸星运动(za2xing1yun4dong4)star-bashing campaignAfter the father of an Andy Lau fan committed suicide in Hong Kong earlythis year, some young people on the Chinese mainland smashed CDs and tore down posters of pop stars in an attempt to reason with infatuated fans.追星族 (zhui1xing1zu2)star chaser, groupieThe recent suicide of the father of a young woman who is an admirer of Hong Kong pop star Andy Lau points to the concern of the psychological health of some fans of big stars.枕边风(zhen3bian1feng1)pillow talkThis term refers specifically to the private conversions between a husband and wife in China. The "pillowside breeze," as the Chinese term translates literally, usually describes a situation where a wife tries to influence her husband's decisions through gentle whispers in the bed.走过场 (zou3guo4chang3)go through the motionsThis Chinese term, literally "Walk through," means doing things perfunctorily, or merely pretending to do it. Many people say that some public hearings concerning their direct interests organized by local governments are just being held for the sake of holding it.组合拳 (zu3he2quan2)policy package, joint actionIt refers to the practice of resorting to a package of policies or tactics or a multi-prong approach to tackle a specific issue. The term derives from the sport expression of combination blow in kung fu and boxing.主张厌食者 (zhu3zhang1yan4shi2zhe3)pro-anaThis Chinese term derives from the English word pro-ana, a conjunction of the prefix "pro" (in favor of) and "ana" (short for anorexia). It refers to people who support anorexia as a kind of lifestyle.账外账 (zhang4wai4zhang4)concealed accountIt refers to a secret account a company or work unit keeps outside itsofficial account. This practice is frequently uncovered among some state-owned enterprises, whose managers are bent on chiseling away at state-assets.住家男人 (zhu4jia1 nan2ren2)house-husbandA small proportion of married men in large cities quit their job to stay home doing all the chores and taking care of the child, as their wives usually have high-paying jobs.走婚族 (zou3hun1zu2)weekend spousesSome young couples in large Chinese cities live with their respective parents during the working week and live together in their own home only at weekends. The expression comes from a tradition in some matriarchal areas of Yunnan Province where a grown-up woman can invite men to live with her and dismisses them after a child is born.朝九晚无 (zhao1jiu3 wan3wu3)working overtimeThis term is created by employees who always work overtime. They have borrowed it from the common phrase of "nine-to-five" working hours and then changed the last character "five" to "no end," since both characters sound nearly the same in Chinese.纸馅包子(zhi3xian4bao1zi0)cardboard bunIt refers to steamed buns stuffed with a mixture of minced pork and cardboard pulp. Beijing TV Station has been widely criticized for fabricating a "news" story about a Beijing vendor selling steamed buns with cardboard stuffing.斩熟(zhan3shou2)rip off a friendIt's a not-so-rare phenomenon these days for someone swindling his or her friends, colleagues or even relatives for financial gain. They usually sell fake or substandard products to their friends by abusing the latter's trust and friendship. It's particularly common for those involved in pyramid sales schemes.指付通 (zhi3fu4tong1)fingerprint payment terminalThis is a newly developed payment method in Shanghai which allows shoppers to pay for their purchases by pressing fingerprints on a terminal. More than 1,000 retailers have adopted the terminals, which are attached to a bank's network.在线辅导 (zai4xian4 fu3dao3)e-tutoringThis term refers to the practice of tutoring students over a computer network. It has become popular among American students to outsource their homework or outsource for tutors who live as away as India.知音体 (zhi1yin1ti3)"zhiyin" style"zhiyin"(Confidant) refers to a well-known Chinese tabloid magazine which always publishes sensational, agitating and moving love stories. Since many people are addicted to reading them, some authors or editors use a "zhiyin"style headline on some stories to attract more readers.追风车 (zhui1feng1che1)typhoon-tracing vehicleShanghai has sent a vehicle with meteorological facilities to southeast China on two occasions these year to get the first-hand data on typhoons. The vehicle is kind of a mobile meteorological station.职粉 (zhi2fen3)professional fansThese are the professional organizer of fans for popular TV shows featuring singing contests. The organizers post articles in forums, release hot topics, and bid for the maximum votes from fans. They play a vital role in the operation of a fan group. In the hot talent shows "My Hero" and "Happy Boy" this summer, the fan groups appeared more professional with slogans and uniforms.涨板敢死队 (zhang3ting2ban3 gan3si3dui4)upper-limit investorsSome domestic stocks investors speculate in markets by snapping up all available shares of a price-growing stock in a day to drive its price to the 10-percent daily cap. They earn profits by selling all of these stocks at a higher price the next trading day as other investors have been attracted by its strong performance in the previous day and want to buy it.砸票(za2piao4)crazy SMS voteIt refers to fans who spend a lot of money in voting for one candidate by mobile phones, especially in star-making TV programs which select the winner according to the number of SMS votes.足踝靴 (zu2huai2xue1)ankle bootsThese boots are in vogue again, this time covering a women's legs as little as possible, thus exposing the full curves of her legs.纸片人 (zhi3pian4ren2)paper-thin personIt refers to people who are not plump or fat at all but still desperate to lose weight. They are very much likely to become as thin as a piece of paper.煮夫 (zhu3fu4)cooking husbandTraditionally, a wife is supposed to be the one in a Chinese family to take over the cooking chores. But more and more husbands in China, especially in the urban areas, have taken over the responsibility. It is a term playing on the term 主妇，which means a housewife.转型 (zhuan3xing2)stereotype sheddingIt often refers to the case when actors shift from roles of a certain category that earn them fame to other categories. Also it means a breakaway from traditional operation modes.治未病 (zhi4wei4bing4)preventive healthcareIt refers to a new healthcare system in Shanghai in which traditional Chinese medicine doctors advise people on how to live a healthy lifestyle in order to prevent illnesses.知道分子 (zhi1dao4 fen4zi3)communicative expertIt refers to someone who is not only an expert in a certain field, but can also communicate well with others or the general public in layman's language about his specialty. By contrast, there are many people who can hardly explain their professions and special knowledge without using lots of jargon.藏漂族 (zang4piao1zu2)Tibet drifterUnlike Beijing drifters and Shanghai drifters who start careers in the two cities, Tibet drifters tour the autonomous region, then find they can't tear themselves away.掌门驴(zhang3men2lu2)leading tour palPeople who organize travels usually as part of a group. They are the group members who play the role of leaders by organizing and guiding the others.贱女孩 (jian4nu4hai2)low-taste girlSpecifically refers to the twin sisters in Beijing who have opened a blog to ridicule their teachers and rebel against accepted social ethics. 中国式奢侈 (zhong1guo2shi4she1chi3)Chinese-style luxuryIt refers mainly to many local government officials who spend beyond their fiscal means to build super luxury office buildings and buy expensive cars for official use.直播(zhi2bo1)online story, live broadcastOnline term referring to continuous postings by the original writer of a story or series of pictures.指责风暴 (zhi3ze2feng1bao4)blamestormingThis term borrows from "brainstorming". It means a meeting to review a failed project and pin down the person responsible.走餐族(zou3can1zu2)walk-eating clanThe fast pace of urban life has reduced many office workers to eating their breakfast while walking in a hurry to catch buses and subway trains as they head to work during rush hour.在地吃(zai4di4chi1)locavoreThe term refers to consumers who only buy and eat locally made food to prevent environmental damage and save energy created in the manufacture, storage and transport of food. "Locavore" means to eat locally.自梳女(zi4shu1nu3)single womanThe term literally means a woman who combs her hair by herself.诛三 (zhu1 san1)banish the mistressThis term refers to some wives' efforts to force mistresses to leave their husbands. The term comes from "zhu xian," meaning "killing fairies," which became popular after a fiction based on this topic became a bestseller. The word "zhu" means "kill" in Chinese, and the word "san" (three or third) implies mistress, since the "other woman" is often deemed as "the third party" in Chinese.装嫩(zhuāng nèn)act youngSome people, particularly middle-aged women, try to wear clothes, use language and flash gestures and act in a way that is more suitable to people of a much younger age. They are described as "pretending to be tender," as this Chinese term means literally.摘客(zhāi kè)patchwork bloggersWhile some bloggers write their own articles and postings on the Internet, others are regularly copying or compiling others'blogs.自助自行车 (zi4 zhu4 zi4 xing2 che1)self-service bicycle rentalThe self-service bicycle rental service has been introduced into a few cities around the country to ease road congestion and cut emissions.宅内消费 (zhai2 nei4 xiao1 fei4)at-home consumptionWith a financial downturn sweeping across the world, it has become a new trend to switch from consumption away from home to consumption at home. It includes eating at home and watching movies at home.纸片人 (zhi3 pian4 ren2)paper manMany girls dream to have a super slim body, just as thin as a piece of paper. So, this term is often used to describe anyone who is sadly underweight. It may also mean someone who is sensitive and fragile.正太控(zhèng tài kòng)shota complexThe word "shota," derived from Japanese cartoons, refers to those thin and weak Asian boys aged between 3 to 13 years old usually in shorts. Some people, mostly females, take a fancy to comics and stories featuring such characters and pay extra attention to them. They are known to have a shota complex.自来熟(zi4 lai2 shu2)naturally chummy, gregariousIt refers to people who tend to willingly and instantly befriend strangers or newcomers. Some people like this kind of "instant befriending"attitude, but others loathe it.震撼 (zhen4 han4)shocked, dumbfoundedAs a general tendency, Netizens love to use powerful or exaggerated words and phrases to express their feelings. So, they usually employ this Chinese phrase meaning literally "shocking" or "shocked" to say that they are surprised.植物人 (zhi2 wu4 ren2)plant loverIt is used these days in reference to eco-conscious people who like to grow plants near their homes. The Chinese term literally means a person in a comatose state.钟摆族 (zhong1 bai3 zu2)pendulum clanThis term refers to those young white-collar workers who travel a long distance between their offices and homes in the Yangtze River Delta area. It usually takes at least two hours to go from one place to another by train, bus or car.直升机父母(zhi1 sheng1 ji1 fu4 mu3)helicopter parentsThe term refers to parents who are always obsessively worried about their children's future and safety and prefer to do everything for them. They are hovering over their children like helicopters, watchful and noisy.紫领 (zi3 ling3)purple-collarThe people in this group have the brains of the white-collar and the skills of the blue-collar. They are practical, progressive and have unrivaled personal presence that earns them far more income than white-collars and golden-collars combined.自然醒 (zi4 ran2 xing3)wake-up naturallyHow urban employees wish to wake up with their bio-clock, not the alarm clock! But under the pressure of fast-paced city life, having a sound sleep and waking up naturally has become a luxury for many urban workers.租奴 (zu1 nu2)house-rent slaveSome people in big cities like Beijing and Shanghai, especially those young workers from other provinces, have to take out a big part of their salary to pay their rent.诈弹 (zha4dan4)false bombThis Chinese term has the same pronunciation as the Chinese term for "bomb", but with a twist: the first character "zha" here means "false," not "explosive."住车族 (zhu4che1zu2)car living peopleIt refers to some people in California who live in their cars as they have lost jobs and cannot afford rent for housing.职客 (zhi2ke4)job-hunting agentA term used to refer to those who help others find a job and then charge a certain amount as a fee. This kind of self-employed agent sees ajob-wanted post on the Internet and helps find one as specified by using their connections as well as job market information.撞色 (zhuang4se4)color clashSome fashion fans are promoting the intentional match of clothing and accessories in colors that are normally considered to be a poor match because of too-drastic differences or too-similar bright or dark tones.中美国 (zhong1mei3guo2)ChimericaAccording to chaos theory, a single butterfly flapping its wings in the Amazonian jungle may cause a hurricane in Manhattan. In the global economy, this symptom is called "Chimerica," a new portmanteau word that combines "China" and "America," indicating that the two countries share a dependence on one economy, with each side interactive and complementary.众包 (zhong4 bao1)crowd-sourceIt refers to the practice of outsourcing a task usually done by an employee or contractor to a large group of people or community in the form of an open appeal.。

生殖健康reproductive health(Youths in China are becoming more open about premarital sex, but their awareness of reproductive health and safe sex remains relatively low, the first-ever extensive nationwide survey on the subject suggests.首次全国范围的（青少年生殖健康）调查显示，中国青少年对婚前性行为的态度变得更开放，但是他们对生殖健康和安全性行为的知识却相对缺乏。

) (2010-05-07)匿名跟帖anonymous online comments(China will push to end anonymous online comments, according to Wang Chen, director of the State Council Information Office, who recently reiterated the need for more regulations in cyberspace.国务院新闻办主任王晨表示，我国将推动取消匿名网上评论。

他近日还重申了加强网络监管的必要性。

) (2010-05-06)入境限制entry ban(The Chinese government announced on Tuesday the lifting of the 20-year-old ban on entry for foreigners with HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases and leprosy.中国政府本周二宣布，取消对艾滋病病毒携带者，以及患有性病、麻疯病等疾病的外国人实行了20年的入境限制政策。

B：傍名牌(bang4 ming2 pai2)imitated brandsSome businesses name their products or retail outlets similarly to well-known brands to attract customers, misleading them in thinking the copycat is selling the real thing. It is also a phenomenon of the shanzhai culture.波鞋 (bo1 xie2)sneakersThe expression literally means ball shoes, as 波 is Cantonese slang for ball. The expression is very popular in Hong Kong and has come into use on the Chinese mainland.白菜价 (bai2 cai4 jia4)dirt cheapIn China, if someone says that a product is being sold at the "cabbage price", he means it is as cheap as dirt. Cabbage is usually regarded as one of the cheapest vegetables in the market.白领炮灰团（bai2 ling3 pao4 hui1 tuan2）white-collar cannon fodderThe term refers to office workers who struggle for a better life by sacrificing their free time and jeopardizing health through often working overtime to keep their jobs.败犬女(bai4 quan3 nv3)loser dogDerived from the Japanese word "make inu", this phrase means literallya "loser dog" and is used to describe women who have passed the age of30 and remain unmarried.崩溃 (beng1 kui4)breakdownA colloquial expression that is used by young people frequently these days to mean you can not hold on to emotional stress or heavy work any more.玻璃屋 (bo1 li wu1)glass roomIt refers to transparency in corporate governance, especially with regard to executive compensation.败家女(bai4 jia1 nǚ)shopaholic womanA woman who is so addicted to shopping that she is living on the brink of bankruptcy. The phrase is coined from a Chinese term which means a prodigal son or daughter.百搭简历 (bai3 da1 jian3 li4)all-fitting resumeIt is a kind of resume that job seekers prepare in such an ambiguous way that it apparently meets the requirements of many kinds of job.爆场 (bao4 chang3)Raise the roofMore often than not, promotions that offer deep discounts forwell-established brands will attract a huge crowd that raises the roof.不折腾 (bu4 zhe1 ten2)don't stir up turmoilThe term is colloquial and widely used to discourage someone from getting restless due to illness, worry or from just messing around. But when it was quoted by Chinese President Hu Jintao in his recent report, it referred to acts that would disturb society's normal life. So, "don't stir up (political or social) turmoil" reflects people's desire for peace and harmony.保质期 (bao3zhi4qi1)shelf life or best-before dateShanghai health authorities have employed a team of volunteer food inspectors to check whether food or medicines are sold after the expiry dates or for other quality problems as part of nationwide efforts to ensure safe food and drugs.80后 (ba1shi2hou4)80's generationThe word refers to those who were born in 1980s. They are considered to be a self-centered generation who care more about themselves compared with older generations. They are also more willing to try new things, heavily influenced by the Internet and more open to foreign cultures.保鲜膜 (bao3xian1mo2)cling filmChina's health authority recently conducted a spot check on cling film wrapping after receiving reports that a chemical linked to cancer is in the widely used product.保持共产党员先进性 (bao3chi2 gong4chan3dang3yuan2 xian1jin4xing4) keep the Party in the vanguardThe Chinese Communist Party has launched an educational program to ensure its members retain good Party traditions and keep pace with the times in order to lead the nation to successfully build a well-off society.版主(斑竹) (ban1zhu2)BBS moderatorThis term is frequently used among netizens. The Chinese term in the brackets is actually a rib tickler applied here mainly because it shares a similar pronunciation to the official term. Originally, it is the name of the Mottled Bamboo.包机 (bao1ji1)charter flightThe flights are specially arranged for travelers. Both sides across the Taiwan Strait have designed six carriers to make 36 roundtrip charter flights for the upcoming Spring Festival, which falls on January 29.八卦 (ba1gua4)gossip, gossipyOriginally the name of an eight-side diagram derived from the famous Chinese classic "1 Ching"(Book of Changes), it is now often used to describe gossip or gossipy people. Some believe this term first came into use in Hong Kong where the "ying-yang" diagram was frequently used to cover the crucial points of nude models on gossip or porn magazine covers.八角茴香 (ba1jiao3 hui2xiang1)star aniseStar anise is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine or flavoring, which is also known as eight-cornered fennel. Recently there is a buying spree for star anise in some parts of China as media reported that it is an important ingredient of Roche's Tamiflu, a medicine believed to be able to prevent bird flu.爆料 (bao4liao4)tip off, blow the whistleMany news media nowadays rely heavily on tip-offs from their stringers or street tipsters to scoop some exclusive news. They usually offer the tipsters a handsome reward in cash. Seeing this trend, some laid-off workers and migrants have turned tipping into a business to eke out a living.蹦迪 (beng4di2)disco dancingDancing discos in nightclubs or bars is a popular entertainment among young people who want to get some exercise and find a way of catharsis. But many nightclubs are often involved in complaints by nearby residents for the noise created by them, such as loud music and blaring car horns.本命年 (ben3ming4nian2)year of fateIn ancient China, people believed that a person's fate was a determined at birth, so the zodiac year of one's birth would be one's "year of fate." To fend off the default "bad luck" in such a year, people tend to wear red underwear, read waistbands and red bracelets. According to the Chinese lunar calendar, this year is the "year of fate" for people who were born in the Year of the Dog.不感冒 (bu4gan3mao4)uninterested, peevedHaving no flu (bu ganmao)? That's good. But don't take the Chinese term verbatim. In colloquial conservations, this term means that one is uninterested in or even peeved by something others said or did. So don't talk about Tamiflu when there's no flu threat in sight.播客 (bo1ke4)podcasterThe word, a hybrid of "Ipod" and "broadcast," refers to those who combine a group of technologies to distribute audio and video files over the Internet. Readers may receive podcasts of this buzzword column online or download them to an MP3 player from .暴利税 (bao4li4shui4)windfall profit taxChina has started levying tax on outrageous profits oil businesses reap in the hope that it can make up for the losses these monopolies cause to disadvantaged groups and public welfare services.爆棚 (bao4peng2)packed; a box-office hitThe word is believed to have made its way into Mandarin from Hong Kong via the Guangdong dialect. Bao literally means burst and peng, a shed or shack.背包游 (bei1bao1you2)backpacker tourAboout 3.9 million tourists are expected to flock to Shanghai during the Labor Day holiday this year. The backpacker trend is also on the rise.白骨精(bai2gu3jing1)office eliteThis is the name of a siren in the famous Chinese novel "Journey to the West." But, today it is also used as a new title for white-collar office workers who excel in their career. Instead of the"White-Bone Demon," the three Chinese characters in this term refers to white-collar, backbone and elite, respectively, in its new usage.布波族(bu4bo1zu2)/波波族(bo1bo1zu2)bo-bosThe word is a shorthand for Bourgeois-Bohemians, which refers to the young who have the hybrid characteristics of the 1960s hippies and 1980s yuppies. They are well-educated and barely bound by tradition, prefer fashionableclothes and modern appliances, but are always moving their home between cities and the countryside to avoid a stereotyped life.败家子(bai4jia1zi3)black sheepThe Chinese term has a narrower meaning than the English one. The Chinese term only refers to a member of a family who is undesirable.飙车 (biao1che1)drag racingLiving a better life than before, some Chinese youngsters are infatuated with drag racing. Recently the Chinese media reported that some people drove their Coach Builder Cars at a dangerous speed racing around Beijing's ring roads. The police have arrested two youngsters in their 20s this year for driving at nearly 150kilometers an hour in downtown streets.八荣八耻 (ba1rong2ba1chi3)Eight Do's and Don't'sChinese President Hu Jintao recently called on the whole nation and particularly young people to adopt the "socialist concept of honor and disgrace," also known as "Eight Do's and Don't's." The list reads: "Love, do not harm the motherland; Serve, don't disserve the people; Uphold science; don't be ignorant and unenlightened; Work hard; don't be lazy and hate work; Be united and help each other; don't gain benefits at the expense of others; Be honest and trustworthy, not profit-mongering at the expense of your values; Be disciplined and law-abiding instead of unruly and lawless; Respect plain living and hard struggle, do not wallow in luxuries and pleasures."避风头(bi4feng1tou2)dodge the brunt, lie lowThe Chinese term translates literally "to dodge the brunt of the wind." One way to stay out of the trouble and avoid being caught is to avoid the hot track and lie low.帮帮忙(bang1bang1mang2)come on, give me a breakThe colloquial expression serves as a mild request for help in Mandarin,but in Shanghai dialect, it is an admonition before arguing against a remark someone has made.别苗头 (bie2miao2tou2)vie, compete for favorThe phrase comes from Shanghai dialect and is translated into mandarin phonetically. It's an informal way of saying competition and usually indicates some sly moves on both sides.编外 (bian1wai3)outside the staff establishmentUnder the planned economy, the government assigned to every work unit in China an authorized staff establishment or manning scale. Some still do. But often such work units or government departments need to hire people outside the fixed establishment and such employees usually are denied some privileges or perks for their counterparts who are within the staff establishment.边缘人 (bian1yuan2ren2)marginal manIt refers a person who lives in the marginal area of a social sector or a profession. It can also be used for a person who straddles two cultures in society.霸王条款(ba4wang2tiao2kuan3)big-brother term, despot termThe terms in a commercial contract brainworked to ensure one party's absolute advantage over the other party, usually the client, in transaction are called "bawang tiaokuan" or "terms of the overlord."百搭(bai3da1)all-matching, joker, Jack of all tradesIf a piece of clothing or accessory goes easily with other clothing of any color or style or an electronics part or device is compatible with all other parts or devices needed for a complete set it is an all-matching case. The phrase also means "joker" in a card game that can be used to trump or substitute any other cards.奔奔族(ben1ben1zu2)rushing clanIt refers to those people between 20-30 years old born into a common family who are highly dependent on the Internet for social life but highly independent in thinking, highly pressed by financial burdens but highly likely to become a "card slave" or "house slave".摆噱头(bai3xue4tou2)sales stunt, publicity stuntThis term is frequently used by people to describe the publicity tricks that a business uses to promote a product that more often than not will turn out to be expensive trash.变脸 (bianlian)face-lift, change the lookThe term means cosmetic surgery. It also refers to the complete renovation of certain places or buildings. Shanghai's Wujiang Road, which is famous for its snack vendors, will receive a face-lift and become a fashion street in the near future.不灵光(bulingguang)no goodThe frequently used expression has a wide range of meanings from a gadget being at fault, a plan bearing no fruit, to a fad losing popularity.白眼狼(baiyanlang)ungrateful soulThe phrase literally translates as a "whiteeyed wolf," but it actually means an ungrateful person. Chinese tend to deem both "white eye" (eyes with too much white) and "wolf" as derogatory terms.抱抱团(bao4bao4tuan2)free huggersSome people offer free hugs for strangers in streets of big Chinese cities, such as Shanghai and Beijing. They hold signs saying "Care from strangers" and "No to cold shoulders" in Chinese and the words of "Free hugs" in English. The huggers say "free hugs will bring people closer."百搭药 (bai3da1yao4)panaceaMany people take antibiotics whenever they get a fever, cough, or slight headache, as if antibiotics cure all. The state has recently banned doctors from indiscriminately prescribing antibiotics for their patients.搏票 (bo2piao4)ticket struggleTrain tickets are becoming harder to get these days, as millions of college students and migrant workers head home for the Spring Festival next month. So, obtaining a train ticket has been turned into a tough struggle. People have to brave the chilly wind and line up outside ticket offices all night long, which still won't guarantee them a home-bound ticket.帮倒忙 (bang1dao4mang2)disservice, a bad turnThe Chinese term, which can be translated literally as "a reverse of help," actually means an act intended to help that turns out badly.保送生 (bao3song4sheng1)direct admission studentAccording to a direct admission program in China, a small number of high school graduates can be enrolled by colleges and universities without having to sit the entrance examinations. Such students are usually selected for their high grades and good conduct.玻璃悬崖 (bo1li2 xuan2ya2)glass cliffChinese are now quick to introduce new English terms. This glass cliff is one example. It means a senior job or important project, particularly one given to a woman, with a high risk of failure.标题党 (biao1ti2dang3)sensational headline writersSensational headline writers always produce headings that can hardly be substantiated by the following text. As the headlines usually attract readers' attention before they read the stories, now headline writers are even being hired by some malicious programmers to seduce netizens to click on files containing viruses.摆乌龙 (bai3wu1long2)go wrong, botch upThis term usually refers to an own goal in a soccer game, but it is now used frequently to mean something goes wrong or someone botches up a seemingly good plan.榜单 (bang3dan1)top listIt is a list of top players in terms of their fame, popularity, income, authority or skills.毕婚族 (bi4hun1zu2)marry-upon-graduationThe new expression refers to those young people who marry immediately after graduating from college. However, they need more time and experience to get weaned off the pampering of their parents.博出位 (bo2chu1wei4)steal the spotlight, draw attentionIt refers to sometimes a despicable way of seeking attention from others or the public.本草纲木 (ben3cao3 gang1mu4)dumb and annoyingIt is an expression popular with youngsters when they call a person stupid, noisy, and dull. The expression, borrowed from the title of an ancient Chinese medicine encyclopedia, Compendium of Materia Medica, plays on the four Chinese characters 笨 (stupid), 吵 (noisy), 戆 (simple-minded), and 木 (unresponsive), which sound similar to the title.崩盘 (beng1pan2)market crash, business collapseThis term is often used to mean the stock market crash. But it may also be used to mean any kind of business collapse or even the breakup of a relationship.爆发 (bao4fa1)sudden metamorphosis, sudden eruption in formThe Chinese term translates literally "burst," "outburst" or "eruption." But it is often used to describe a sudden improvement in a person or team's performance.傍大款(bang4da4kuan3)live off a moneybagsIt is used frequently in daily talk in a derogative way to describe the phenomenon of a woman trying her best to marry or live off a rich man.棒杀(bang4sha1)crucify, ruthlessly repudiateThe Chinese term means literally to bludgeon someone to death. In everyday conservation, it is often used to mean criticizing someone harshly.博客圈(bo2ke4quan1)blogosphereBlogosphere refers to a special community culture resulting from the close interconnecting between weblogs and frequent interacting and communication among bloggers.半糖夫妻(ban4tang2fu1qi1)weekend coupleThis term translates literally "half-sugar husband and wife." It refers to couples who live separately five work days of a week and only spend the weekend together to keep their relationship fresh and exciting.白纸男 (bai2zhi3nan2)virgin manThis term, which translates literally as "white-paper man," refers to those men who have never dated a girlfriend or never had any love experience before. Chinese tend to use the term "white paper" to mean anything that has never been tapped or violated.贝多芬 (bei4duo1fen1)back-baring ladyThis phrase is quite popular among college students who use it to referto those young women who wear fashionable clothes that bare as much of their back as possible. This Chinese term is actually a translation of the name of Ludwig van Beethoven, but the first character of the term sounds like "back," the second means "more" and the last "fragrance."不粘锅(bu4zhan1guo1)diner-outThe Chinese phrase, which literally means Teflon cooking utensils, is now often used to describe those young people who always eat out and stay away from their kitchens. It's because either they are too busy with their job or don't bother to do the cooking.半唐蕃(ban4tang2fan1)half-ChineseThis a Cantonese term that refers to people, behavior, manners, language and culture that are half-Chinese and half-foreign.便当 (bian4dang1)bentouThe term is a translation of the Japanese word for the takeaway boxed lunch. On the Chinese mainland, people usually call it "hefan," meaning "boxed meal" or lunch box, while in Taiwan, a growing number of people now use the term "bentou."病房 (bing4fang2)defective houseThe Chinese term means literally wards in a hospital. Now, the "sickroom" is also used to refer to a house or an apartment with quality defects.巴嫂 (ba1sao3)re-employed woman bus conductorAuthorities in Guangdong Province have initiated a re-employment program to recruit women in their 50s who were earlier laid off by their employers to work as bus conductors. The Chinese word 巴 (ba) means bus while 嫂(sao) is a term of endearment for a married woman.搏上位 (bo2shang4wei4)strive for bigger successIt refers to an attempt to gain a higher position, bigger fame or success by resorting sometimes to unconventional or indecent means.抱抱衫 (bao4bao4shan1)hug shirtA high-tech garment that can simulate the experience of being hugged by a loved one. Featuring a comfortable mix of smart textiles, cotton and micro-fiber, the shirt was named one of the best inventions by Time Magazine last year.拜金妆(bai4jin1zhuang1)golden-tone make-upIt refers to one of the make-up styles that features golden colors. The expression plays on the Chinese words 拜金, which originally was used in a derogative sense to mean "gold worshipping."博客话剧(bo2ke4hua4ju4)blog dramaTaking its script and cast members from blog communities, this byproduct of the Internet era is performed on stage with video clips shown on blogs.白奴 (bai2nu2)white-collar slaveMore white-collar workers in big cities such as Shanghai, Beijing and New York have become slaves to the house, car, luxuries or even ambitions far beyond their station. They live under great pressures and work as hard as "white slaves," as the Chinese term is literally translated.傍名牌 (bang4ming2pai2)imitation brand nameThis term refers to a type of unfair competition in the market where small companies name their products with names close to famous brand names to mislead the customers. Governments are cracking down on this free riding on established brands.白开水女生 (bai2kai1shui3nu3sheng1)plain water girlThis term refers to young women who are shy and introverted, particularlyin front of strangers. People think them as boring and uninteresting just like plain water.白食党 (bai2shi2dang3)freebie hunterThis group of people are usually freebie hunters in supermarkets where they can try different foods or dishes but never really intend to buy the product.拔草 (ba2cao3)satisfy the desireWhen one has an itch for something, Chinese tend to say he or she has grass growing in their heart. So, once the grass is removed or uprooted from the heart, one's desire, particularly for the purchase of something, is satisfied. This Chinese term means literally to weed or remove grass.BMWbig-mouthed womenThis term refers to female office workers who are always gossiping about colleagues' private lives, such as dress tastes, and always making waves in the office.彼得潘症候群 (bi3de2pan4zheng1hou2qun2)Peter Pan SyndromeDescribes people who are just like Peter Pan, the character created by Scottish novelist and playwright J. M. Barrie (18601937). They are adults who refuse to grow up. Similar to kidults.八点女王(ba1dian3nu3wang2)prime-hour soap starAn actress who helps ensure high ratings for prime hour TV soap operas.不雅照(bu4ya3zhao4)indecent photoAny picture that is sexually explicit or involves a wardrobe malfunction. It is used as an understatement for steamy pictures after the sex picture scandal in Hong Kong.不过电(bu2guo4dian4)dumbheadedThe expression is often used these days to refer to a person who is slow in responding to a hint dropped by others.百元周 (bai3 yuan2 zhou1)100-yuan weekSome white-collar workers in Shanghai have started to change their bourgeoisie lifestyle for a more thrifty one in face of the ongoing financial crisis. Some put online posters among popular BBS communities to call on people to control their expenditure within 100 yuan from Monday to Friday, including costs on food, traffic, entertainment, shopping and sport activities.膀爷 (bang3 ye2)topless manThe word literally means "shoulder grandpa"in Chinese. It refers to men who like to walk on the street topless during summer. Having long been criticized in the media and by the public, the phenomenon almost disappeared from Beijing streets during the Olympics but has not gone completely.博客圈 (bo2 ke4 quan1)blogosphereIt refers to the communities or social networks that comprise all blogs and their interconnection.百恼汇 (bai3 nao3 hui4)middle-age crisisThe term has a similar pronunciation to "Buynow," the name of a computer market, in Chinese. Meaning "a host of worries" it is now used to describe the lifestyle crisis facing many middle-aged people.博斗 (bo2 dou4)blog bickeringThe term is a homonym of the Chinese word "fight," but it conjoins two Chinese characters that can mean "blog" and "fight," respectively. So, the phrase refers to Netizens tilting at each other on their blogs.白托 (bai2 tuo1)daytime care serviceThe term refers to a government project aiming to improve community care for senior citizens. The community center will serve the elderly lunches and dinners and organize some recreational activities for them during the day.白色污染 (bai2se4wu1ran3)white pollutionThis term refers to pollution caused by litter of used plastic bags, polystyrene cups, food containers and paper.便利贴女孩 (bian4li4tie1 nu3hai2)post-it girlIt refers to those kind-hearted, usually plain-looking young women at a workplace who are always ready to help others and then almost immediately forgotten after the help. They are like the post-it notes people use and then throw away.Bo播报 (Bo bo1bao4)multimedia newspaperThe term refers to a new form of electronic "newspaper," which combines text, photos, graphics, audio and video. One can also search background data and cross reference with this news platform.白客 (bai2ke4)online security guardThe phrase, which literally means "white clan" in Chinese, is the opposite of "black clan" or hacker. It refers to professionals who fight hackers in order to protect people's information security in the online world. It's not unusual that some of the online security guards are former hackers.便当男 (bian4 dang1 nan2)bento box manSince the global economic recession, some Japanese young men have weaned themselves off money-making dreams and adopted a thrifty lifestyle, cooking their own meals and bringing lunch boxes to the office to cut downon living costs. This type of men has become hugely popular with women seeking their Mr Right these days.被时代 (bei4 shi2 dai4)"by" eraIt refers to the current era in which people find many official statistics are watered down and do not reflect the truth. For one example, some universities' graduation employment rates are manipulated to look higher than reality. In another, many people find their income growth lagging far behind some official figures. In this sense, some graduates would say they are the victims of fake statistics and some workers would claim their income has been "increased" by bloated figures.必剩客(bi4 sheng4 ke4)doomed singleThe expression which has a similar pronunciation with "Pizza Hut" in Chinese, is used to describe those who are above the normal marriage age but still single and need to keep struggling to find their other half. This group more often than not put so much time into work that they have little chance to meet potential partners. So they are considered to be people who are doomed to be single.白菜价 (bai2 cai4 jia4)low priceThe Chinese term literally means "cabbage price." Cabbage is one of the cheapest vegetables in China so "cabbage price" means a very low price.薄食代 (bao2 shi2 dai4)eat-less eraThe Chinese term literally means an era in which people eat less and stay fit. It refers to the current trend where people increasingly distance themselves from oily food.杯具 (bei1 ju4)tragedyThe word, literally meaning cups in Chinese, is a homophone of the word "tragedy" in Chinese and is widely spreading among Netizens as an exaggerated and humorous expression. The word 餐具, literally meaning tableware, is another choice.病毒营销 (bing4 du2 ying2 xiao1)viral marketingViral marketing and viral advertising refer to using social networks such as the Internet to increase brand awareness or product sales through self-replicating viral processes, analogous to the spread of computer viruses.被当爸 (bei2 dang1 ba4)forced to be someone's fatherThe term became popular when an obscure model said she had a child with actor Jude Law, confirmed by a DNA test. Law was then "forced to be someone's father" because the model deliberately did not use contraceptives.比婚女 (bi3 hun1 nu3)marriage comparison womanThe term refers to women who appear zealous in comparing the size of their diamond rings, how luxurious their wedding was, as well as their houses and vehicles after they get married.驳样 (bo2 yang4)copyThe term, "copy" in its literal meaning, usually refers to grassroots tailors' mimicking of certain designer clothes or shoes. Such behavior offers an alternative for fashion-goers to stay trendy without burning a hole in their pockets buying genuine brands.比基尼考 (bi3 ji2 ni2 kao3)bikini test takersThe term literally means taking a test in a bikini. Yet it actually means taking a test after only briefly reviewing the course - the knowledge memorized is like a bikini that can only cover a small part of the mass. The term is in contrast to "nuke test takers" who go into tests completely unprepared.被高速 (bei4 gao1 su4)involuntary high-speed train passengerThe Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway has recently been put into operation and several slower trains along the route have been cancelled. Passengers who are forced to take the costlier new trains describe themselves as "being forced to ride highspeed trains."不胜韩魔咒 (bu4 sheng4 han2 mo2 zhou4)no-win jinx against South KoreaAfter a 32-year losing streak against South Korea's men's soccer team,。

浣溪沙原文翻译注释及赏析浣溪沙原文翻译注释及赏析（通用5篇）在日常的学习、工作、生活中，许多人对一些广为流传的古诗都不陌生吧，广义的古诗，泛指鸦片战争以前中国所有的诗歌，与近代从西方传来的现代新诗相对应。

古诗的类型有很多，你都知道吗？以下是小编为大家收集的浣溪沙原文翻译注释及赏析，希望能够帮助到大家。

浣溪沙原文翻译注释及赏析篇1浣溪沙·庚申除夜纳兰性德〔清代〕收取闲心冷处浓，舞裙犹忆柘枝红。

谁家刻烛待春风。

竹叶樽空翻采燕，九枝灯灺颤金虫。

风流端合倚天公。

译文及注释译文：在寒冷的除夕夜里把心里浓烈的思念收起，且看眼前那柘枝舞女的红裙，还像往年一样绚烂吗？想起自家当年在除夕夜里在蜡烛上刻出痕迹采等待新春的到来。

竹叶酒已经喝尽了，大家都在头上戴着彩绸做成的燕子来欢庆新年的到来。

灯烛已经熄灭了，剩下的灯花仿佛一条条金虫在微微颤抖，如此风流快乐，全仗着天公的庇护啊。

注释：浣溪沙：词牌名，小令，又名《满院春》《小庭花》等，因西施浣纱的故事而得名。

双调，四十二字，前段三句，三平韵，后三句，两平韵。

庚申（gēng shēn）除夜：即康熙十九年（1680年）除夜。

“收取”句：明王次回《寒词》：“个人真与梅花似，一片幽香冷处浓。

”这句说收拾起一切闲心，冷静下来，而思念之情却更浓烈了。

柘（zhè）枝：即柘枝舞。

此舞唐代由西域传入内地，初为独舞，后演化为双人舞，宋时发展为多人舞。

谁家：哪一家，此处指自家。

刻烛：在蜡烛上刻度数，点燃时以计时间。

竹叶：指竹叶酒。

采燕：旧俗于立春时剪彩绸为燕子形，饰于头上。

九枝灯：一干九枝的烛灯。

灺（xiè），熄灭。

金虫：比喻灯花。

端：真。

合：应该，应当。

赏析：上片写年末岁尾，各家皆翘首以待新春第一一黎明的到来。

“收取闲心冷处浓”，开篇第一句话就奠定了迹词的感情基调：在寒冷的除夕夜里迹应该抛开所有，放下一切，静心等待，但浓郁的闲情却是冷处偏浓。

在一片迹应该繁花着锦的情境中，纳兰却似有一种无言的忧伤。

有氧搏击操 (you2 yang3 bo2 ji1 cao1)kickboxingIt is a type of fitness exercise popular in urban areas that combines boxing, karate, tae-kwondo and dance with strong, upbeat music.隐性失业 (yin3 xing4 shi1 ye4)recessive unemployment, sub-unemploymentIt is the phenomenon when workers are underpaid, given unpaid vacation and welfare packages are trimmed because of the economic downturn. It also refers to showbiz artists whose income suffers when their appearances in well-paying commercials are cut due to the crisis.银色浪潮 (yin2 se4 lang4 chao2)silver tideThe term is a metaphor of a social phenomenon as the aging population is expanding rapidly in Shanghai and other big cities around China.有毒资产 (you3 du2 zi1 chan3)toxic assetsIt refers to various asset categories hard hit by the financial crisis, such as subprime mortgages. Use of "toxic" became widespread as any person, bank or organization holding subprime mortgages or related assets became financially debilitated.衣架子 (yi1 jia4 zi)clothes horseThe expression literally means mannequins or clothes racks. Now, it is often used to describe a man or woman who has a model-like figure that fits perfectly into fashionable clothes available on the market.E点通 (E dian3 tong1)electronic information guideIt refers to electronic machines now being installed in major hotels in Shanghai. Touch their screens and you will find out all kinds of cultural and tourism information to help you discover the city's commercial attributes.狱霸 (yu4 ba4)prison bullyThe phrase has appeared frequently in Chinese press headlines following the mysterious death of a 24-year-old man in police custody in Yunnan Province. Investigations show he was beaten to death by inmates who claimed he died in an accident while playing blindman's bluff.音频毒品 (yin1 pin2 du2 pin3)I-DoserThe term refers to audio clips spreading over the Internet that are said to arouse a sense of illusion as if taking drugs. Some people find it enjoyable while others consider it noisy and nerve-racking. Experts say that feelings vary with listeners' own experiences.语音钓鱼 (yv3 yin1 dia4o yu2)vishingThis is a portmanteau by blending "voice" and "phishing" and means an attempt to fool a person into submitting personal, financial or password data either by sending an email that includes a scammer-controlled phone number, or by spoofing an automated phone call from a financial institution using VoIP.月光门牌 (yue4 guang1 men2 pai2)moonlight doorplateShanghai has recently installed some new doorplates for local houses. These new plates absorb light during the day and become illuminated at night for about 12 hours.云娱乐 (yun2 yu2 le4)cloud entertainmentBased on the idea of "cloud computing," an Internet-based use of computer technology, the term refers to home entertainment such as Web-infused television environments in which customized services and programs are prepared on Web servers and delivered to consumer electronic devices, saving users a lot of money on in-home entertainment systems. Cloud here means the Internet.易服 (yi4 fu2)cross-dressThis term is used to describe people who dress like a member of the opposite sex. Actually, transvestism is not new to the Chinese. Back in the Northern Wei Dynasty (AD 386-534) a young woman named Hua Mulan disguised herself as a man to join the army to spare her elderly father of military service.悠客 (you1 ke4)no-hurry touristThose who take their time and don't mind how long they linger at each tourist site or destination.影子艺人 (ying3 zi yi4 ren2)showbiz doppelgangerThis refers to an ordinary person whose facial features resemble a famous artist, allowing him to earn an income from masquerading as the star at low-end parties and gatherings to entertain the audience or guests.阴阳公告(yīn yáng gōng gào)yin-yang bulletinsIn Chinese, yin and yang are used to describe the negative and positive energy in nature. The term may also mean opposing qualities of a phenomenon. So, yin-yang bulletins refer to contradictory statements made by persons or organizations.亚熟男 (ya4 shu2 nan2)semi-mature manMen who look mature but are actually a few steps away from being psychologically grown-up.郁闷(yu4men4)angry and frustratedThis term is a favorite among young people these days and they frequently use it whenever they feel "pissed off."医托 (yi1tuo1)hospital scalper, hospital stoolieThe city police crack down on scalpers selling registration numbers at major hospitals as well as touts who lure people from major hospitals to small, lesser-known and even unlicensed facilities.亚健康 (ya4jian4kang1)semi-healthSemi-health conditions are half way between good health and ill health. Such conditions, including headache, insomnia, stiff shoulders and chronic constipation, are often diagnosed as symptoms of illness, but they are deemed by TCM doctors as warning signs of health deterioration or harbingers of ill health.月光族 (yue4guang1zu2)moonliteThis concocted Chinese term is the moniker for people who always spend all their salaries or earnings before the end of the month. The first Chinese character in the term means "month" or "moon," and the second "leaving nothing behind" or "light."有价无市 (you3jia4wu2shi4)having a price but no salesThis Chinese term actually describes a situation where a product has a fictitious or prohibitively high price but no sales. For instance, many apartments and houses in the city's property market today are so expensive that few could afford or intend to buy them. The term is a little bit satirical.饮水机(yin3shui3ji1)water dispenserLocal authorities are conducting inspections of water dispensers used in offices and other public places in response to media reports that many such machines have serious quality problems that could create health risks.压岁钱 (ya1sui4qian2)red packet, lucky moneyIn ancient china, people tended to put some copper coins wrapped in red paper beside the pillows of their children on the Lunar New Year's Eve to drive away a devil called "sui." It has evolved into today's red packet or lucky money that parents and older relatives give to children during the Lunar New Year to wish them good luck.晕 (yun1)faintOriginally, the Chinese word means faint or dizzy. But now people tend to utter the word whenever they hear or see something unordinary, confusing, funny or just meaningless.油价联动机制 (you2jia4 lian2dong4 ji1zhi4)fuel-related fare adjustmentAt a public hearing held last week on the effects of rising gasoline prices on the city's taxi fleet, it became clear some adjustment was needed to take the burden off cabbies suffering from an earnings squeeze. Taxi fares may also change according to the oil prices in the market.迎峰度夏(ying2feng1du4xia4)gear up for summer power consumption peakShanghai will launch a campaign to fight against power shortage in summer, because the city's demands for power will reach 20.5 million kilowatts this summer, growing 10.2 percent from a year earlier.硬伤(ying4shang1)inherent problem, glaring mistakeIt means an unsolved inherent drawback that undermines an organization, a system, a relationship or a person's integrity. It also refers to those glaring blunders that should be avoided in an artwork, such as misquoted words in a film.养眼(yang3yan3)eye-candyThis term is an expression used to describe something or someone that is very pleasant to the eyes, including a movie or computer game with incredible graphics and visual effects or a young woman with a very pretty face and attractive figure.哑巴亏(ya3ba1kui1)take it on the chinThe Chinese term, "a dumb man's loss," refers to someone who suffers losses or grievances but is forced to keep it quiet, or stay "speechless," because of existing circumstances.医闹(yi1nao4)medical dispute profiteerSome people nose around for medical disputes and encourage the patient to file a lawsuit against the hospital. They hire more people to pretend to be the relatives of the patient during the legal procedure and claim part of the damage awarded.原生态艺术家(yuan2sheng1tai4 yi4shu4jia1)indigenous artisteThis term refers to those rural artists or rather farmers whose performances are rooted in their daily life, without any artificial polish or professional background. Through generations, they have retained the most indigenous elements.晕菜(yun1cai4)stupefiedThe colloquial word is used when someone feels at a total loss in an unexpected situation which is beyond his or her comprehension.一肩挑(yi1jian1tiao1)multi-taskerThe term in Chinese is often used to describe a person who, just like a multi-function device, plays at least two different roles in his or her daily work and life. For example, an able mother can work both as a housekeeper and an office lady, so that her children can live happily. It also refers to some Chinese officials, who act as both the administrative head and the Party chief of a unit.一刀切 (yi1dao1qie1)across-the-board rulingIt refers to a rule or decision made by a government or a company that allows no exception when being enforced in order to achieve good effectiveness or to avoid unfairness.夜店(ye4dian4)nightclubThe Chinese term derived from Taiwanese parlance. The term literally means"night shop."月抛型 (yue4pao1xing2)monthly dumperThis refers to people who change their dating partners frequently. It borrows its meaning from contact lenses that are tossed after one month's use.玉米虫 (yu4mi3chong2)cybersquatterThe term, which means "corn worm" in Chinese, refers to cybersquatters who register, traffick in or use a domain name that's the same as or similar to a famous trademark, company or individuals' names. They then offer to sell the domain names at an inflated price.硬骨头 (ying4gu3tou2)tough job, tough guyThis term "hard bone" refers to a tough job that is hard to complete. It can also be used to describe people who are tough, hard to beat and unwilling to surrender.一条龙服务(yi1tiao2long2 fu2wu4)all-in-one service package, turnkey serviceThe expression refers to the services a business offers a client or customer, featuring "start-to-finish" arrangements.一招鲜 (yi4zhao1xian1)trump cardThis Chinese term refers to any unique skills, products or ways of doing thing that can bring you success wherever you go.摇新族 (yao2xin1zu2)IPO chaserProfit-minded stock investors who chase only lucrative initial public offering while shunning listed shares offerings. This is a special condition in China because share prices always rise on the debut trading day.印客(yin4ke4)inkerIt is a form of business which can make anyone an "author." People can gather their personal articles and consign the "inker"company to turn them into a book, with pictures they select and pages they design. Such books are not for sale, but to keep as a memento.月嫂(yue4sao3)maternity matronChinese women traditionally are confined indoors for a month after delivering a baby on the grounds that they are particularly susceptible to various gynecological diseases in this period. During the maternity month, maids, usually married women already having their own kids, are hired to take care of the newborn and the mother.饮酒代驾 (yin3jiu3 dai4jia4)drivers for drunksDuring the weeklong holiday, some companies have begun to offer the "You Drink, We Drive" service to help revelers avoid driving while drunk. However, China still lacks relevant rules to regulate such services.阴影 (yin1ying3)shadowIt is used these days when someone says he or she is still reeling from the negative influence from a certain event that made him unhappy or unsuccessful.一把手 (yi1ba3shou3)chief leader, first chairThe Chinese term means the first in a pecking order. Due to the stunning pension fund scandal that hit the city last year, the Shanghai municipal government has urged closer supervision of all chief leaders in government departments, institutions and state-run enterprises.银发产业 (yin2fa1 chan3ye4)silver industryWith a quickly ageing population in big cities like Shanghai, the business that focuses on products and services for seniors is becoming a booming economic sector.一哥/一姐 (yi1ge1/yi1jie3)top gunTop gun is the most famous and influential person in a sector, especially in the entertainment industry, such as movies, music or variety shows. The Chinese means the first brother or the first sister.玉米虫(yu4mi3chong2)domain investorThis term, literally "corn worm," refers to people who earn money by registering valuable Internet domains. A netizen reportedly sold to the search engine giant for more than US$1 million. The pronunciation of "corn" is similar to "domain" in Chinese.夜店(ye4dian4)night entertainment venueIt refers to the discotheques, karaoke bars, cafes and video arcades that operate from evening to early the next morning. In some special contexts, it can also refer to illegal sex service shops.毅行(yi4xing2)stamina walkThe Chinese term "yixing" refers to a popular outdoor sport in Shanghai, in which people walk a long distance non-stop to exercise and make friends at the same time. The Chinese term derives from the saying of Confucius that a noble man has to cultivate a strong mind.乙醚 (yi3mi2)Yi's fanThe Chinese term literally means "ether," but here it refers to the fans of a Chinese literature professor Yi Zhongtian, whose modern interpretation of a classical novel, The Three Kingdoms, is quite popular among many readers. The Chinese term sounds like "Yi's fan."银保 (yin2bao3)BancassuranceBancassurance is the term used to describe the sale of insurance productsin a bank. The word is a combination of "banque or bank" and "assurance" signifying that both banking and insurance is provided by the same corporate entity. In China, more and more banks begin to sell policies on behalf of insurers, and in return give banks certain fees for the service.一枪头 (yi4qiang1tou2)one-shot kill, do it in one goIt is a Shanghai dialect that means you succeed at one try, just like a one-shot kill.养眼(yang3yan3)visually attractive, eye candyThe colloquial expression means anything or any person that is visually attractive or pleasing to look at.游学生(you2xue2sheng1)audit studentThe term refers to those students who want to update skills and stay current in their field without seeking academic credit for courses. It may also refer to unregistered students who want to take courses for free. Some of the latter are from poor families who cannot afford the tuition; others are high school graduates who have failed college entrance examinations.丫客(ya1ke4)grassroots artistIt refers to people or "grassroots artists" who have a special interest in art, especially music. They usually have their own Web pages or blogs on to show off their talent and communicate with their peers.孕味摄影(yun4wei4she4ying3)pregnancy photographyThis term refers to stylish photos of pregnant women. It's a play on the words in Chinese as the first two characters of this term sound similar to a common Chinese phrase meaning "lasting appeal," but the first character now means "pregnancy."运动电玩 (yun4dong4dian4wan2)exergamingThis term refers to an activity that blends video games with workouts. Some researchers have found that exergaming more than doubled players' energy expenditure compared with sedentary gaming, and suggested that it "might be considered for obesity prevention and treatment."亚腐败(ya4fu3bai4)sub-corruption, gray-area corruptionIt refers to the kind of corruption, especially some hidden forms of bribery, that is not specified in criminal law but is still punishable. Typical examples are government officials taking expensive artworks as gifts or using and actually possessing cars "lent" to them by their "personal friends." 御宅族 (yu4zhai2zu2)otakuOtaku is a Japanese term used to refer to a variety of geek, fanboy or fangirl, particularly one obsessed with such hobbies as manga. When applied to a person, it can have either positive or negative connotations depending on the situation and the person using the term.鸭子舰队 (ya1zi jian4dui4)drifting rubber ducksThis term refers to hundreds of thousands of Chinese-made rubber ducks which dropped into the water after a sea accident in 1992. After 15 years of floating on the sea, many of these rubber bath toys have washed up on the shores of North America and Europe. One division is expected to invade Britain's shores next year. Their prices have skyrocketed.引爆点 (yin3bao4dian3)tipping pointIn sociology, the tipping point is the moment when something rare in society becomes commonplace. The term was introduced into daily life by Malcolm Gladwell's 2000 bestselling book "The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference." It now also refers to a certain point in any process beyond which the momentum picks up dramatically.御姐(yu4 jie3)mature and domineering womanIt refers to women 22 to 35 years old who look mature and act domineering.The expression is believed to have been coined from the Japanese game Chanbara Beauty.幽客 (you1ke4)UFO fansThis term refers to people who believe in the existence of UFO and are addicted to studying this phenomenon.雅贼 (ya3zei2)art thief, book thiefThis term refers to thieves who only steal things with artistic values, such as books, pictures and other cultural relics.亚偷情 (ya4tou1qing2)semi-affairThis term refers to married people who have a close opposite-sex friend and their relationship is a kind of "affair without intimacy." They enjoy the subtle feelings, but avoid betraying their families.一口价 (yi1kou3jia4)no-bargain priceA seller who is sure of a deal whatsoever the price, or is unwilling to accept a bargain because the marked price is the seller's bottom line, will call it yikoujia in colloquial Chinese. Yikou indicates no room for bargaining.月老 (yue4lao3)moonlite-NEETThe expression is coined by mixing moonlite, or yueguangzu, meaning youngsters who always spend all their earnings by payday, and NEET, or kenlaozu, meaning youths who live off their parents. This clan will turn to their parents after spending all of their earnings. In Chinese, the expression originally means the god who helps bring a couple to wedlock.亚婚姻(ya4hun1yin1)sub-marriageThis term refers to couples who have lost their passion and interest incommunicating with each other due to various reasons but still maintain their marriage status.有型(you3xing2)in styleThe expression is often used these days to refer to any action or lifestyle that is admired by trendy young people as cool. But sometimes this can go too far, as in the recent shopping mall massacre in the United States where the gunman had left a note saying he wanted to "move out in style."烟熏妆(yan1xun1zhuang1)smokey-eye make-upThis term refers to a make-up style featuring dark eye-shadow seems to have spilled over from showbiz to everyday life, from mature women to young girls, and from women to some men.一根筋 (yi4gen1jin1)one-track mindThis term describes people who talk and think about one subject all the time. They can hardly listen to others' opinion and tend to be stubborn and inflexible.月球探测器(yue4qiu2tan4ce4qi4)moon probeAll the cameras on China's first lunar probe that was recently launched will be activated later this month and are expected to photograph every inch of the moon surface by mid-January next year.洋腐败 (yang2 fu3bai4)foreign corruptionThis term refers to the practice of taking all kinds of bribes from foreign companies. With more and more overseas companies moving into this country, the crime continues to rise. Now, the state legislature has been urged to introduce laws to fight this fraud.艳照门 (yan4zhao4men2)racy-photogate, nude photo scandalThe scandal broke out after a series of sex photographs of several HongKong stars were released online. The pictures, purportedly showed Edison Chen partially nude with several Hong Kong starlets in bed, have so far sparked arrests and a media frenzy in the country.油菜 (you2cai4)talentedThe term, widely used among Internet users, is similar in pronunciation to "have talents," or 有才 in Chinese. Internet users use this term to express their surprise when someone does, or says, something very smart.堰塞湖 (yan1sai4hu2)quake lakeA lake formed when a river is blocked by rocks from landslides following an earthquake.YAWN族 (yawn zu2)YAWN clanThe initials stand for young and wealthy but normal, a label given to sensible young people who refrain from overspending or driving a car for environmental reasons.野猫罢工 (ye3mao1ba4gong1)wildcat strikeJargon in the human resources sector that refers to an unauthorized work stoppage while a labor contract is still in effect.御姐(yu4jie3)tough womanOriginated from Japanese cartoons to describe dominant females of strong character.牙膏贴(ya2gao1tie1)toothpaste postingsRefers to online postings which have an attractive start to a story but are updated at an extremely slow speed, just like squeezing toothpaste out of a tube.永久性脑残(yong3jiu3xing4nao3can4)PhD (permanent head damage)Widely used in Chinese online BBS communities to tease someone who has done something considered out of line and crazy.雅阁女(ya3ge4nu3)Accord ladyA woman who drives a Honda Accord and looks down upon anyone who drives a cheaper car. It first appeared on the Internet to describe someone who worships wealth.易登机(yi4deng1ji1)easy boarding serviceEasy boarding is a service for passengers who pay for the privilege of speedier security checks and priority boarding. China's top aviation administration recently banned this service for security reasons.眼吧 (yan3 ba1)eye-health barThis is a kind of optometry clinic where a computer-manipulated environment claimed to be beneficial for eye health is created to help ease eye stress and disorders.婴儿舱 (ying1 er2 cang1)baby hatchIt is a kind of incubator-like hatch into which mothers drop the babies they can't take care of. The facility, in use in Germany, Italy and mostly recently in Japan, is designed to protect abandoned babies.以房养老 (yi3 fang2 yang3 lao3)house-for-pension schemeThis term refers to a new scheme to increase the income of senior citizens in the city. People who are 65 or older are qualified to sell their home to the city's Housing Fund, but they can continue to live in it by paying a market-level rent to the fund. Although different from the reverse mortgage scheme, it also allows seniors to access the equity in their home.语言暴力 (yu3 yan2 bao4 li4)verbal violenceAmong all types of violence, verbal violence is the most common. Now the term is used to mean slogans, remarks and language used in online discussions that are full of violent and abusive words or expletives.云计算 (yun2 ji4 suan4)cloud computingIt is a distributed computing technology, an improvement on Distributed Computing, Parallel Computing and Grid Computing as well as commercial realization of scientific computing concepts. Many famous IT companies such as IBM, Yahoo and Google promote services and products through this technology.油老虎 (you2lao3hu3)gas guzzler"Oil tiger," as this term translates literally, refers to cars that get very poor gas mileage. Many Chinese nouveau riche favor "oil tigers" to show off their wealth.颜文字(yan2wen2zi4)smiley character, emoticonIn online communication, more and more Chinese tend to use characters resembling facial or emotional expressions. Many have already been created in writing and in the so-called "textspeak."鸭子(ya1zi1)light travelerThe word "duck" is used here for those tourists who travel light and tend to join a tour group organized by travel agencies. They are like ducks herded around by the guide.硬柿子(ying4shi4zi)tough guyMost people like to eat "soft persimmons" and few fancy "hard persimmons," as this Chinese phrase means literally. But according to a recent popular drama called "I Want to Become a Hard Persimmon," the soft persimmon is the name of any pushover and the hard persimmon refers to a tough guy.压洲(ya1zhou1)pressure continentThis phrase's pronunciation is similar to "Asia " in Chinese, but it means a continent of pressure. It is now used as a nickname for modern Asia as it has undergone great pressures from the faster pace of life, deeper shortage of raw materials and higher risk of pollution.隐婚族 (yin3hun1zu2)fake singlesUnder the pressure of work, some people, especially women between 25 and 35, choose to hide from fellow workers or deny the fact that they are already married as they fear that their married status may bring inconvenience at work and hamper their promotion.养牛族 (yang3niu2zu2)jeans loverIn Chinese, jeans can be translated literally as cattle boy's pants. So, jeans collectors are now called yangniuzu or cattle breeders. To get a unique color and style, they seldom wash their jeans and try to wear their pants as long as possible. In their words, they use their body to raise a special pair of jeans.野鹅族 (ye3'e2zu2)wild goose clanTo ensure their children learn "real" English, many parents in South Korea bring their children to English-speaking countries to study. Usually, the mother lives with and takes care of the child during the overseas study trip, the father stays behind earning money to support the family. They get together only during vacations.以房养房 (yi3fang2 yang3fang2)rent-for-mortgage schemeSome people lease out their spare apartment and use the revenue to defray their monthly mortgage for another property.油条 (you2tiao2)flirtatious boyThe phrase, which means fried bread stick in Chinese, is popular among young people, especially those born after 1990, to refer to men who are always flirting with different women.洋漂族 (yang2piao1zu2)foreign drifterAs China keeps opening its doors wider to the outside world, more foreigners come to invest, work, study or travel in China. But some wander from one city to another for different jobs and to experience different cultures, and they are called "foreign drifters."硬盘人 (ying4 pan2 ren2)out-of-townerThe Chinese expression used in online chat rooms refers to those who come from outside a certain city. It literally means a "hard disc person," as the initials for the pinyin of 外地, meaning out-of-town in English, is WD, the same as the initials for Western Digital, a brand of hard disc.樱花泡菜粉 (ying1 hua1 pao4 cai4 fen2)Japan-Korea fanCherry blossoms represent the culture of Japan and pickles for Korea. The Chinese word combining these two is not a cuisine but refers to teenagers who are fans of Japanese and Korean dramas, music and pop idols.眼缘 (yan3 yuan2)first-sight attractionIf an object or person, usually of the opposite sex, attracts you at first sight, then you and the focus of attention are believed to have 眼缘.野鸡大学 (ye3 ji1 da4 xue2)diploma millDiploma mill, or bogus university, refers to colleges which issue diplomas to every student regardless of their study track record or exam scores. Their diplomas are not recognized by some employers or formal universities.养狼计划 (yang3 lang2 ji4 hua4)rival-fostering projectA project, literally meaning "wolf raising," proposed by China's table tennis authorities was meant to cultivate more competitive players in foreign countries to challenge China's long-held monopoly over the sport. The project includes policies to encourage more talented Chinese to play on behalf of foreign countries while inviting more overseas players to。

李白《清平调》翻译赏析7篇李白《清平调》翻译赏析7篇李白《清平调》翻译赏析(1)李白《清平调词三首》全诗翻译赏析本文是关于李白的文学文章，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。

盛唐大诗人李白的沉香亭咏牡丹的名句，千百年来一直为人们所传诵。

说的是一天唐玄宗与杨贵在沉香亭观赏牡丹，歌手李龟年领着一班子弟奏乐歌唱。

唐玄宗对李龟年说：“赏名花，对艳妃，你们怎么演唱旧词?这样吧，你快召李白来写新词。

”李龟年赶紧到长安大街有名的酒楼寻觅，果然李白正和几个文人畅饮，已经喝得酩酊大醉。

当李龟年向他传达圣旨时，他醉眼微睁，半理不睬地睡过去了。

圣旨是误不得的，李龟年只好叫随从把李白拖到马上，到了宫门前，又用几人左扶右持，推到唐玄宗面前。

唐玄宗见李白一醉如泥，便叫待臣搀到玉床休息，吩咐端来醒酒汤，杨贵妃叫人用冷水喷面解洒。

李白躺在玉床把脚伸向高力士，要他脱靴。

高力士无奈，只好憋着一肚子气蹲下来为他脱，忙乱一阵，李白才从醉梦中惊醒。

唐玄宗叫他快作诗助兴。

李白微微一笑，拿起笔来，不到一炷香工夫，已经写成了《清平调》词三首：李白《清平调词三首》李白云想衣裳花想容，春风拂槛露华浓。

若非群玉山头见，会向瑶台月下逢。

李白《清平调词三首》鉴赏一枝红艳露凝香，云雨巫山枉断肠。

借问汉宫谁得似? 可怜飞燕倚新妆。

李白《清平调词三首》鉴赏名花倾国两相欢，长得君王带笑看。

解释春风无限恨，沉香亭北倚阑干。

李白《清平调词三首》鉴赏其一云想衣裳花想容，春风拂槛露华浓。

彩云像她的衣裳花儿像面容，春风吹拂着栏杆露珠闪闪明。

若非群玉山头见，会向瑶台月下逢。

若不是在群玉山头见到了她，也会在瑶台的月光下来相逢。

其二一枝红艳露凝香，云雨巫山枉断肠。

像枝红牡丹沐浴雨露散芳香，有杨妃不再思慕神女空自伤。

借问汉宫谁得似，可怜飞燕倚新妆。

请问汉宫佳丽谁能和她媲美，可怜赵飞燕也要靠精心梳妆。

其三名花倾国两相欢，长得君王带笑看。

名花伴着绝色美人令人心欢，赢得君王满面带笑不停地看。

第20卷第3期2007年5月宁波大学学报(人文科学版)JOURNAL OF N I N G BO UN I V ERSI TY (L I B ERAL ARTS E D I TI O N ) Vol .20No .3May .　2007英语新词的汉译理据与语用分析李昌标(宁波大学外语学院,浙江宁波315211)摘要:英语新词是指为适应社会发展的需要而产生的新词语,以及原有词语在新的文化环境下增添新义后形成的词语。

随着英语新词的不断增加,新词汉译问题日益凸现。

文章针对翻译过程中存在的新词误译现象,从英语新词的构成特点、翻译理据和语用功能方面探讨英语新词的规范汉译方法,从而更好地促进两种语言文化的交流。

关键词:英语新词;构成特点;汉译理据;语用功能中图分类号:H059 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1001-5124(2007)03-0043-05　收稿日期:2007-01-15　作者简介:李昌标(1966-),男,湖北荆州人,宁波大学外语学院英语系讲师,硕士。

一、引言B l oomfield 认为,一切语言都是发展的,而不是一成不变的。

变化是经常的,也是正常的现象。

词汇作为语言的重要构成要素,其显著特征就是新词语的不断增加。

根据汪榕培统计,“英语每年都能出现5000以上新词”。

\[1\](1)每当一个英语新词进入汉语时就尽可能有一个合适的汉语对应词。

从目前英语新词的翻译和定名来看,主要是由政府或行业部门对自然科学方面的术语进行审定,或者由新华社和《中国翻译》等权威刊物以及新词词典来确定。

\[2\]这些方法在命名时间上具有滞后性,不可能翻译日益增长的所有英语新词,因此,相当一部分新词由读者个体来完成。

目前,社会上出现的不少新词汉译翻译不准确、不得体,如un wedding cere mony 译成了“不结婚仪式”,其实是divorce cere mony (好说好散的离婚宴会仪式);furkid 译成了“毛孩”,令人匪夷所思,应该是a pet treated as if it were one ’s child (被当作孩子般对待的宠物)。