广东高考英语阅读理解考点突破推断作者写作目的、观点态度
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关于高考英语阅读理解作者观点,态度,意图题技巧的研究关于高考英语阅读理解作者观点,态度,意图题技巧的研究「篇一」阅读能力是英语考试中重点考查的英语语言运用能力。
以中、高考英语试题为例,阅读理解题在试题中所占的比重最大,同时听力、完形填空、书面表达、单项填空等题型的答题效果也直接或间接地依赖于阅读能力。
如完形填空,也叫缺词阅读,如果学生不能读懂短文的大意,就无法正确地填上所缺的单词。
因此,提高英语阅读能力在英语学习中常起着至关重要的作用。
尽管中学英语教学历来重视培养学生的阅读能力,但由于传统的英语课堂教学过多地承担了词汇、语法等语言基础知识的教学任务,英语教师常把大量的时间、精力用于知识点的传授、复习、掌握和操练上,专门的阅读训练,尤其是以语篇能力、思维能力和阅读技巧为核心的阅读能力训练不足,导致学生的阅读能力并没有得到实质性的提高。
其外在的表现是,学生参加英语考试时经常在阅读理解和完形填空等题中失分过多。
从提高英语阅读能力的途径看,学生的阅读训练与学习主要有两类:一类以开阔视野、欣赏鉴析为主;另一类是以阅读策略为主要目的的专项训练。
仅从应试的角度看,与前者相比,后者更能够使学生在较短的学习时间内大幅度提高英语阅读能力,从而在英语测试中取得理想的成绩。
阅读策略的内容主要包括阅读技巧、语篇能力和思维能力。
从全国各地中高考英语试题的设计去分析,涉及阅读技巧和语篇能力方面的考点主要有:理解主旨大意与细节、根据上下文线索猜测生词词义、识别具体事实和抽象概念、把握全篇的结构与逻辑关系、理解文章的字面意思与深层含义、理解图表信息等。
这方面的训练必须通过学生独立自主的阅读和有针对性的解题实践,才能使他们养成良好的阅读习惯,提高阅读理解能力。
随着近年来中高考英语试题难度和阅读量的不断增加,思维能力的局限越来越成为阻碍学生提高英语考试成绩的一大障碍。
如近年来完形填空题的考核已经不再以语法知识为主,而是重点考查学生对文章意思的理解,即所要填写的词只能从一定的语境中找出。
英语阅读理解高频考点——写作意图题巧突破作者的意图、观点和看法题考生具有较高层次的阅读技能,包括在困难的语境条件下把握作者的思路,在较高深的措辞中探究作者隐藏的思想及真正的写作意图。
常见的意图、观点和看法题考查考生对文章的写作意图和作者及文中人物的主观看法的把握以及分析作者描述某些细微环节的意图的实力。
此类题属于得分率较低的高难度题。
近三年写作意图题/观点看法题考查频次一览表时间从上表可以看出,近年来全国卷中此类题的考查频次有所增加。
预料2019年高考仍旧会有1—2道考查写作意图或观点看法的题,考生备考时要重视起来。
考点1写作意图题此类题型要求考生依据文章的论述,推想作者的写作意图及应用某种写作手法的目的。
作者一般不干脆陈述自己的意图,而是通过文章所供应的客观事实使读者信服某种想法或观点。
这类题型要求考生不仅能理解文章的内容,还要具备对作者所阐述的问题及运用的写作手法进行分析和归纳总结的实力。
整篇文章的写作意图的常见设问方式有:For what purpose did the author write the passage?The writer writes this passage in order to .The purpose of the text is to .某处细微环节的写作目的的常见设问方式有:What is the purpose of the last part of the text?The writer uses...in the first paragraph to .The writer uses the example of...to .【典例1】(2019·北京卷·C篇)Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti\|vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone isprotected. This is called "herd immunity", which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn t work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.That s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17\|year\|old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(确定不参与) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life\|saving benefits vaccines provide, but they ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.66.What is the purpose of the passage?A. To introduce the idea of exemption.B. To discuss methods to cure measles.C. To stress the importance of vaccination.D. To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.【解析】这是一篇说明文。
考点归纳:理解作者的意图、观点和态度每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的,或是向读者传递某个信息,或是愉悦读者,或是讲授某个道理。
而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来,而是隐含在文章之中。
因此,这类问题要求考生在理解文章总体内容的基础上,去领会作者的言外之意。
基础必读:写作意图题是指作者通过文章想达到什么样的目的,可以说,每个人写文章都有他的用意:根据文章的论述,推断作者的写作目的以及作者情感态度。
要求考生分析作者运用某一写作手法的目的。
常见的提问方式有:(1)What was Mrs Smith's attitude to the author at the end of the story?解释:在故事的结局史密斯夫人对作者的态度如何?(2)The writer uses ... to(show that) ______.解释:作者用...来表示 ______。
(3)By quoting ..., the author intends to ______.解释:通过引用…,作者想要表达 ______。
(4)By telling the story of ..., the author intends to ______.解释:通过讲述的故事……,作者想要表达________。
(5)The story of ... is used to ______.解释:这个故事…是用于________。
(6)What would the author most likely continue to talk about in the next paragraph(s)?解释:作者很可能会在下一段(或下文中)继续谈论什么?(7)The purpose of the writer to write the passage is ______.解释:作者写作的目的是________。
作者运用某种写作手法的目的或是要引出主题、突出主题,或是要吸引读者关注主题,或是要把主题说明得更清楚。
完成英语阅读理解中的态度观点和目的意图题英语阅读理解中的态度观点和目的意图题是考察学生对文章中作者态度、观点以及写作目的的理解能力。
在解答这类题目时,我们需要仔细阅读文章,理解作者的观点和态度,并分析作者的写作目的。
下面我将从这三个方面展开论述。
首先,理解作者的态度是解答态度观点题的关键。
作者的态度可以通过他的言辞和表达方式来体现。
例如,如果作者使用了一些负面的词语或者表达方式,那么可以判断他对某个事物或者观点持有否定态度。
相反,如果作者使用了一些正面的词语或者表达方式,那么可以判断他对某个事物或者观点持有肯定态度。
此外,作者的态度还可以通过对事实的解释和评论来判断。
在解答态度观点题时,我们要综合考虑文章的语言风格、词语选择以及作者对事物的评价,从而准确把握作者的态度。
其次,理解作者的观点是解答观点题的关键。
观点题要求我们判断作者对某个问题或者观点的看法。
在解答这类题目时,我们需要通过对文章的细节进行分析,找出作者对该问题或者观点的观点表达。
通常,作者的观点会在文章的开头或者结尾进行明确陈述,也可能通过对事实的解释和评论来间接表达。
我们需要仔细阅读文章,理解作者对该问题或者观点的立场,并通过对文章的细节进行分析,找出支持作者观点的证据。
最后,理解作者的写作目的是解答目的意图题的关键。
写作目的是指作者写作的目的和意图。
在解答这类题目时,我们需要通过对文章的整体结构和内容进行分析,找出作者写作的目的和意图。
通常,作者的写作目的可以通过对文章的主题和中心思想进行分析得出。
此外,我们还可以通过对文章的语言风格、词语选择以及作者对事物的评价进行分析,找出作者写作的目的和意图。
综上所述,完成英语阅读理解中的态度观点和目的意图题需要我们仔细阅读文章,理解作者的态度、观点和写作目的。
通过对文章的语言风格、词语选择以及作者对事物的评价进行分析,我们可以准确把握作者的态度、观点和写作目的。
在解答这类题目时,我们需要综合考虑文章的细节和整体结构,从而准确回答问题。
巧解阅读理解中关于作者意图、观点、态度的问题作者观点态度题就是指针对作者的写作意图、观点态度和对事件的评价设问的阅读理解题目。
作者在文章中不仅客观地进行叙述和说明,往往还持有某种态度,如对某一观点或赞同或反对,或肯定或批评。
因此这类题主要考查学生对作者的观点、感情、态度、写作目的和意图的理解能力。
作者的观点和态度除了直接表达外,还经常在文章中间接表达出来。
考生可以通过全文的叙述,从文章的主要内容去理解作者的观点;有时作者也会在文章中用特殊的词汇表达自己的思想感情。
同学们要从文章中的用词、语气或对某个细节的陈述来推断作者的态度、观点等。
观点态度题的题干形式:作者态度观点题考查目标比较明确,题干一般都含有according to the writer, attitude, oTucsone tronger 2022年安徽卷C篇67 Wh doe the author write thi it women to eave【解析】题目问作者在亚洲政府对女性就业这一问题上给出了什么建议。
A.让女性回归家庭生儿育女;B.允许父母中的一个外出工作;C.对女性在工作方面的需求多加关注;D.惩罚那些允许女性离职的公司。
根据第一段最后一句话“Indeed, women who…or eeonth of m ife, and not a da more Baed on m eot overvaued form of eercie around And udging from the number of the , I'm not aone in m out be onth of m ife, and not a da more”两句,我们可以看出作者起初对慢跑并无排斥心理,而且认为值得一试,A项较符合作者的态度。
例5:It wa in a tree, too, that our da of fooing around in the wood came to an end B then ome of u had reached eventh grade and had begun the rough ride of adoecence青春期In March, the month when we uua too to the wood again after winter, two friend and I et out to go ebed a tree, and a of a udden it occurred to a three of u at the ame time that we rea were rather big to be uemorabeC Boring and meaningeD Long and unforgettabe【解析】题目问作者如何评价自己的童年。
理解作者的意图、观点和态度一、解题技巧1. 写作意图题不同的文体对应不同的写作意图,大致有以下几种:·To entertain ...:多见于故事类的文章。
·To advertise ...:多见于广告类的文章。
在此类文章中,作者通过介绍产品﹑服务、旅游景点﹑报刊杂志﹑影片﹑电视节目等来达到宣传的目的。
·To inform / stress / explain ...:多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类的文章。
作者主要是想说明情况或阐明事理。
·To persuade / provide guidance on ...:多见于议论文及评论类的文章。
作者是为了说服读者接受或赞同自己的观点。
2. 作者观点、态度题作者的观点、态度往往体现在所用的某个词或短语之中,或隐含在文章的某些句子或某个段落中。
因此,解这类题除了可以通过文中带感情色彩的词来判断作者的观点、态度外,还可根据作者提供的例证推断其暗示的观点、态度,或者通过概括全文主旨来做出正确选择。
二、真题分析以下内容均选编自高考真题,我们将结合上面提到的解题技巧对各题进行分析解答。
ABy the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms ( 海洋微生物 ) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It’ll be a while before we canstatistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,”Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”1. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.分析:本文是一篇说明文。