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esl 英语report作文例文
今天,老师又布置了一个最重要的作业!要写一篇英语作文,主题是“ESL”。
我很狂喜,而且我有很多话想说。
ESL是什么?应该是English as a Second Language,也就是英语是第二语言。
我爸爸说,英文看上去像一座巨大的城堡,藏着很多秘密。
我渴望再次进入到城堡,探索它里面的宝藏,但我不知道路,感到很惶然。
我记得我第一次接触英文的时候,就像一只疑惑不解的小猫,看见了一只毛茸茸的小兔子,想去摸着它,却不知道它会跑远。
我害怕说错英文,怕别人嘲笑我,于是就一个人在角落里,远远地死死地盯着。
但是,我发现一些英文单词很好玩,像“apple”,“banana”这些
食物的英文,念起来看起来像我在唱歌一样。
随着时间推移,我越来越喜欢英文,就像我越来越喜欢我的朋友一样。
我希望有一天,我能像我的朋友一样,自在地用英文交流,也能像老师一样,帮助一些想学英文的小朋友们,打开城堡大门,发现里面百变的宝藏。
我完全相信,只要努力学习,总有一天我会做到!。
alevel英语第二语言考试真题全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1A-level English as a Second Language (ESL) ExamIntroductionA-level English as a Second Language (ESL) is a prestigious examination taken by students who are non-native speakers of English. This exam is designed to assess the students' ability to use and understand English effectively for academic purposes. The exam is divided into four components: Reading, Writing, Listening, and Speaking.Reading SectionIn the Reading section, students are required to read a variety of texts and answer comprehension questions based on the content. The texts may include articles, reports, essays, and fictional stories. Students are expected to demonstrate their understanding of the text by identifying the main ideas, key details, and supporting evidence. They are also required to analyze the author's tone, purpose, and point of view.Writing SectionIn the Writing section, students are given prompts that require them to produce written responses. These prompts may ask students to write essays, reports, letters, or stories. Students are assessed on their ability to articulate their ideas clearly, organize their thoughts effectively, and use appropriate language and vocabulary. They are also expected to demonstrate their ability to use grammar and punctuation accurately.Listening SectionIn the Listening section, students are required to listen to audio recordings and answer comprehension questions based on the content. The recordings may include conversations, interviews, lectures, and presentations. Students are expected to demonstrate their ability to understand spoken English, follow the main ideas, identify key details, and infer meaning from the context.Speaking SectionIn the Speaking section, students are required to participate in a conversation with the examiner. They may be asked to discuss a given topic, express their opinions, and respond toquestions. Students are assessed on their ability to communicate fluently, express themselves clearly, engage in a meaningful conversation, and use appropriate language and vocabulary.Preparation for the ExamTo prepare for the A-level ESL exam, students should practice reading a variety of texts, writing essays and reports, listening to audio recordings, and engaging in conversations in English. They should also review grammar and vocabulary exercises, as well as study test-taking strategies. It is important for students to build their confidence, improve their language skills, and familiarize themselves with the format of the exam.ConclusionThe A-level English as a Second Language exam is a challenging but rewarding assessment that measures students' proficiency in using English for academic purposes. By studying diligently, practicing regularly, and developing their language skills, students can successfully pass the exam and achieve their academic goals. Good luck to all the students preparing for the A-level ESL exam!篇2A Level English Second Language Exam PaperReading SectionRead the following passage and answer the questions that follow:In recent years, there has been a growing interest ineco-tourism, a type of tourism that focuses on visiting natural areas in a way that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people. Eco-tourism offers tourists the opportunity to experience nature in its purest form while also ensuring that their visit does not harm the delicate ecosystems they are exploring.Questions:1. What is eco-tourism and why is it important?2. How does eco-tourism benefit both tourists and local communities?Writing SectionChoose one of the following topics and write an essay of at least 500 words:1. The impact of technology on communication.2. The importance of promoting diversity in society.3. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of social media.Listening SectionListen to the following audio clip and answer the questions that follow:(Audio clip: A conversation between two friends discussing their summer vacation plans)Questions:1. Where do the friends plan to go for their summer vacation?2. What activities do they want to do while on vacation?3. How do they feel about taking a break from technology during their vacation?Speaking SectionPart 1: Introduction- Introduce yourself and talk about your hobbies and interests.Part 2: Picture Description- Describe the picture shown to you and discuss its significance.Part 3: Discussion- Answer questions related to the topic of eco-tourism and share your thoughts on sustainable travel practices.Overall, the A Level English Second Language Exam Paper is designed to test students' reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills in English. It challenges students to think critically about global issues, communicate effectively, and express their ideas clearly. Good luck to all the candidates taking the exam!篇3A Level English as a Second Language Examination - Sample QuestionsThe A Level English as a Second Language examination is designed to test the language proficiency of non-native English speakers at an advanced level. The exam consists of various components, including reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Below are some sample questions that you might encounter in the examination:Reading Comprehension1. Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow:Caribbean CuisineCaribbean cuisine is a melting pot of various influences, including African, European, and indigenous Caribbean flavors. One of the most popular dishes is jerk chicken, a spicy and flavorful dish that is typically cooked over an open flame. Another well-loved dish is rice and peas, which features rice cooked in coconut milk with beans and various seasonings.Questions:a. What are the main influences on Caribbean cuisine?b. Describe jerk chicken.c. Explain why rice and peas is a popular dish in the Caribbean.Writing2. Write an essay of at least 300 words on the following topic:The Impact of Globalization on LanguageListening Comprehension3. Listen to the audio clip and answer the questions that follow:Audio clip: A conversation between two friends discussing their plans for the weekend.Questions:a. What are the two friends planning to do over the weekend?b. Where do they decide to meet?Speaking4. Prepare a short presentation on a topic of your choice and be ready to answer questions from the examiner.These are just a few examples of the types of questions you might encounter in the A Level English as a Second Language examination. It is important to practice all aspects of the exam in order to achieve success. Good luck!。
The following strategies are designed to enable ESL Learners to develop their English language skills in both social and academic contexts.Broad Classroom Strategies:Create an environment where learners feel secure and are prepared to take risksSupport and value learners’ languages and culturesBuild on the knowledge, skills and understandings that students bring to the learning contextBuild on the linguistic understandings students have of their own languageEncourage the use of the learners’ first language if the learner is literate in that languageUse themes and topics which are relevant to learners’ particular needsExpose learners to socio-cultural information which enables them to understand and participate in Australian culture and societyFocus on purposeful communicative activities which are comprehensible and appropriate to the learner’s age and needsGenerally teach the macro skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing in an integrated way, although at times there may be a need to focus on aparticular aspect of one eg pronunciation, listening to specific instructionsFocus on developing learners’ oral language skills for oral language development and to support writingSupport the learners’ language skills development through scaffolding the learners’ languageExplicitly teach new language (vocabulary, text types, grammar, sound knowledge, pronunciation, intonation) in the context of a theme or topicUse pair and group work and peer/cross age tutoring to maximise language interaction in a low stress environment and to encourage risk takingJointly deconstruct and construct texts to model how texts work to achieve their purposesUse an experiential approach to provide meaningful contextsUse visual cues wherever necessary to clarify and reinforce conceptsUse graphic organisers (diagrams, timelines, concept maps etc.) to represent and organise ideas and to develop thinking skillsRecycle language to ensure its learningEncourage older learners to keep a glossary or a personal dictionary of words and meaningsEnsure that assessment tasks, activities and criteria are relevant to the student’s stage of English language developmentUse SSO support to work with a student on individual needsTeacher talkKeep talk to a minimumUse clear, common and consistent instructions and repeat or rephrase if necessarySpeak at a normal pace and volumeDon’t use too much jargonSupport instructions with visual cues as much as possible=Specific Strategies/Activities:Teaching oral languageTo develop oral communication skills, focus on activities that encourage learners to talk in a supportive environment such as in pairs or groups. Such activities include:information gap activities where learners have to exchange information in order to complete a taskopinion gap activities where learners share and discuss their own personal feelings, attitudes or preferences about ideas or topicsmime and role-playgeneral communicative activities eg games, group work, songseveryday classroom interactionsTo develop the more formal oral language skills:formal talks, including the oral genres, and reportsdebatesperformanceWith different students, there may be a need to focus on particular aspects of oral language such as pronunciation – this can be done on an individual basis with SSO support.ESL learners may experience difficulty in hearing and producing some English sounds because they do not appear in the learner’s language.Similarly, stress, rhythm and intonation will also differ from the first language. Provide many opportunities to hear and practise language through rhymes, songs, chants, games, drama etc.Teaching readingReading for the second language learner involves transferring skills from the first language (if he or she can read in the first language) to the second as well as becoming familiar with:new set of sounds and sound groupings which differ from the first language new intonation patterns and their meaningsnew patterns of stress and pausenew sets of culturally-specific knowledge, values and behavioursnew grammar conventions eg different word order in sentencesnew print conventions eg reading from left to rightChoose reading materials that:have good visual cues to enable the student to access the story easilyreflect the experiences, knowledge and interests of the learnersUse bi-lingual books, big books, stories with lots of repetition, class made books based on class experiences and reading schemes with thematic interests.Involve the ESL learner in a number of reading experiences every day which focus on language in context egexposure to meaningful print in the immediate environment eg signs, charts, labelsmodelled deconstruction of a range of whole texts to develop understandings of the organisation and language features of different genres and theconventions of Englishtaped readingshared book experiences and big bookswordless books/ picture sequences/ photographs to build a story/recountcloze activities to focus on comprehension or on different aspects of language pre-reading activities which prepare the reader for the text through activating prior knowledge about the topic, developing a shared overall knowledge ofwhat the text might be about and teaching strategies for predicting the textcontentreading activities which develop language and reading skills in contextpost reading activities which focus on responding to the text in order to gaina greater understanding of the text, extract information for other purposes,critically interpret and analyse the text and give personal responses to the text.Teaching writingESL Learners are learning to write in a new language where he or she may have:no literacy skills in another language due to limited or no previous schooling limited oracy skills in Englishlimited knowledge of the 3 cueing systemsa lack of shared cultural knowledgea lack of understanding of the specific genres taught in schools and theirparticular social functionsTherefore teachers can scaffold learner’s writing bymodelling all aspects of the writing processteaching the text organization and language features of different genres through a range of different activitiesjointly constructing texts with studentssupporting the development of editing and proof reading skillsusing shared experiences(eg excursions) to write class or individual books/textsusing photos and other visual stimuli (such as sequenced pictures) in the early stages of writing development particularlyusing groups and pairs to develop group textsOther writing strategiesencourage students not to focus too much on their mistakesencourage writing for real purposes by publishing in innovative ways eg newsletters on the school’s intranetencourage the use of different strategies for accessing vocabulary needed and for recording new vocabulary for use in future writingteach all aspects of word knowledge and spelling through specific activities including games, quizzes etc.ReferencesNo English Don’t Panic: Ministry of Education and Training, Victoria (1991) Teaching and Learning Strategies for ESL Learners R-12. Education Department of SA (1993)Useful resourcesTargeting Text Series: Blake Education: .auEnglish Plus Series: Blaxell and SpenceBlaxell and Winch (1999) Primary Grammar Handbook: Horwitz MartinP Walker Pascal’s Basic Primary Grammar: Smart Guides seriesTeaching and Learning Strategies for ESL Learners R-12. Education Department of SA (1993)No English Don’t Panic: Ministry of Education and Traini ng, Victoria (1991) No English : Questions & Answers: Ministry of Education and Training, Victoria (1993)Derewianka B (1990) Exploring How Texts Work. Sydney: PETADerewianka B (1998) A Grammar Companion for Primary Teacher. Sydney: PETACollerson J (1994) English Grammar: A Functional Approach. Sydney PETA Collerson J (1997) Grammar in Teaching. Sydney PETACurriculum Corporation (1996) Teaching Language Primary. Melbourne: Curriculum CorporationCurriculum Corporation (1996) Teaching Language Secondary. Melbourne: Curriculum CorporationBeginning ESL: Support material for primary new arrivals. Education Victoria (1997)Board of Studies, NSW (2000) Teaching about TextsBoard of Studies, NSW (1998) English K-6 Syllabushttp:// .au/k6/k6Bortolotto C et al (1994) Easy ESL Strategies for Effective Teaching. Yarra Publications, MelbourneDroga L and Humphrey S (2002) Getting Started with Functional Grammar.Target TextsHammond J (1991) Learning to Learn in a second Language. Sydney PETA Jones P Talking to Learn Sydney PETAWing Jan Lesley (1991) Write Ways: Modelling Writing Forms. Melbourne: Oxford University PressRowe G (1989) Let’s Talk: Activities for Oral Language. Melbourne: Dellasta Callaghan M and J Rothery (1988) Teaching Factual Writing: Genre-based Approach. Sydney. DSP MarketingChristie F et al. (1992) Language: A Resource for Meaning. Exploring Explanations, Levels 1-4. Sydney: Harcourt Brace & Jovanovich.Christie F et al. (1990) Language: A Resource for Meaning. Exploring Procedures, Levels 1-4. Sydney: Harcourt Brace & Jovanovich.Christie F et al (1992) Language: A Resource for Meaning. Exploring Reports, Levels 1-4. Sydney: Harcourt Brace & Jovanovich.(available from Blake Education in Sydney – Tel: 2 95184222)Resource SuppliersSeelect Educational Supplies601 Anzac HighwayGlenelg, SA 5045Ph : 08 8294 9111St Georges Bookshop40 Hallett RdStonyfell 5066Ph: 08 8364 1313Lighthouse Books17 Commercial RdPort Adelaide 5015Ph: 08 8240 3300.auKelly Farm Educational30 Petrova StWindsor Gardens 5087Ph: 08 8367 5683Mobile: 0417082963State Equity Centre11-13 Swanson StreetErskinville, NSW 2043Ph: 02 9582 5860Fax: 02 9550 2874Internet: http://www.equity.sydney@.au Curriculum CorporationPO Box 177Carlton, VIC 3053Ph: 03 92079600Fax: 03 96391616Internet : .auBookery348 Drummond StreetCarlton, VIC 3053Ph: 03 9347 7857Fax: 03 9347 7497Email: rthughes@.auTesl Books397 Little Lonsdale StreetMelbourne VIC 3000Ph : 03 9670 3532。
最适合中国人学习英语的资料最适合中国人学习英语的资料导语:中国人学习英语需要一些外界条件来支持,什么资料更适合中国人学习英语呢,下面YJBYS店铺分享最适合中国人学习英语的资料,欢迎参考!1.Watch English language DVDs看英剧/美剧或英语电影Television and films are good too, but it's better if you have something you can watch over and over again. You can really get down the content, start noticing things you never noticed before, and your brain can relax instead of flailing about, trying to keep up.英美剧和电影都是很好的学习素材,尤其是反复观看同一部作品,这可以帮助你更透彻地理解它的英语内容,同时也能让你关注到那些一开始没注意的细节。
(一开始看,你可能会比较紧张,想要把所有东西都记下来,但这很难实现。
)在反复观看之后,你的大脑会完全放松,不会处于紧绷状态。
Tips:提高口语的英美剧推荐①老友记:五星强推。
剧中语速较快,但有很多口语化表达和地道的短句,难度不高,适合美音初学者。
看《老友记》词汇精讲②纸牌屋:四星强推。
一部政治题材的美剧,建议用精听的方法去拆解每个句子,你可以学到很多演讲、辩论、竞选等方面的口语表达方式和技巧。
英大之前就为大家整理过《纸牌屋》学习笔记③唐顿庄园:五星强推。
这部剧讲述了一个即将走向落没的贵族家庭的喜怒哀乐。
非常标准的英音,语速也不快,你还能学到很多英国文化知识。
适合学习英音的同学。
给大家推荐一个学英音的方法!Thanks to satellite TV, British, American and Australian television programmes and films are widely available all over the world.现在有了卫星电视,在家就可以观看世界各地的电视节目和电影。
第1篇In the realm of language education, reading comprehension plays apivotal role in fostering critical thinking, cultural awareness, and linguistic proficiency. This article aims to explore the implementation of an English reading teaching approach within a research and development (R&D) activity, focusing on strategies and methodologiesthat can be employed to enhance students' reading skills and overall language acquisition.IntroductionThe R&D activity in question is designed to provide a structured environment for students to engage with English literature, bothfictional and non-fictional, and to develop their reading skills through a series of interactive and collaborative tasks. The following sections will delve into the various aspects of this approach, including the selection of texts, pedagogical strategies, and assessment methods.1. Text SelectionThe foundation of effective reading instruction lies in the selection of appropriate texts. For the R&D activity, a diverse range of texts was chosen to cater to different reading levels and interests. These included classic novels, contemporary short stories, poetry, and non-fiction articles. The texts were selected based on the following criteria:- Lexical Richness: Texts with a wide vocabulary and varied sentence structures were chosen to expose students to a rich linguistic environment.- Cultural Relevance: Texts that reflected different cultural perspectives were included to promote cross-cultural understanding.- Thematic Diversity: Texts covering various themes such as identity, social justice, and environmental concerns were selected to engage students in meaningful discussions.2. Pedagogical StrategiesTo maximize the effectiveness of the reading instruction, a variety of pedagogical strategies were employed during the R&D activity. These strategies included:- Whole Class Reading: Students were engaged in collective reading sessions, where the teacher read aloud, and the class discussed the text as a whole. This approach facilitated active participation and encouraged students to follow along with the narrative.- Shared Reading: Students were divided into small groups, and eachgroup was assigned a section of the text to read aloud. This activity promoted peer interaction and allowed students to develop their oral reading skills.- Interactive Reading: The teacher used questioning techniques to guide students through the text, encouraging them to predict outcomes, summarize key points, and analyze the text critically.- Fluency Practice: Students were provided with opportunities topractice reading aloud to improve their fluency and pronunciation.3. Collaborative ActivitiesCollaborative activities were integral to the R&D activity, as they encouraged students to engage with the text from different perspectives. Some of the collaborative activities included:- Discussion Groups: Students were placed in groups and asked to discuss specific themes or characters in the text. This allowed them to explore their thoughts and ideas in a supportive environment.- Role-Playing: Students were encouraged to act out scenes from the text, which helped them to understand the emotions and motivations of the characters.- Creative Writing: Students were asked to write their own narratives or poems inspired by the text, which allowed them to demonstrate their understanding of the themes and language used in the original text.4. Assessment MethodsAssessment was an ongoing process throughout the R&D activity, and various methods were used to evaluate students' reading comprehension and language skills. These methods included:- Oral Presentations: Students were asked to present their thoughts and ideas on the text to the class, which provided insights into their understanding and ability to articulate their thoughts.- Reading Comprehension Quizzes: Short quizzes were administered to assess students' factual understanding of the text.- Reflective Writing: Students were asked to write reflective essays on their reading experiences, which provided insights into their personal reactions and interpretations of the text.ConclusionThe R&D activity on English reading teaching proved to be a valuable and enriching experience for students. Through the careful selection of texts, the implementation of varied pedagogical strategies, and the encouragement of collaborative activities, students were able to develop their reading comprehension skills and deepen their appreciation for English literature. The assessment methods used throughout the activity provided valuable feedback, allowing for adjustments and improvements in future R&D activities. As language educators continue to explore innovative approaches to teaching reading, the strategies and methodologies employed in this R&D activity serve as a testament to the potential of collaborative and interactive learning environments in fostering linguistic and cognitive development.第2篇In the modern educational landscape, the importance of English language proficiency, particularly reading skills, cannot be overstated. Reading is not only a fundamental skill for academic success but also a crucial tool for personal and professional development. This article aims to explore the use of research-based instructional activities to enhance English reading skills in the classroom.IntroductionEffective reading instruction in English as a Second Language (ESL) or English as a Foreign Language (EFL) settings requires a nuanced understanding of the complexities involved in language acquisition and comprehension. Research-based instructional activities can provide teachers with evidence-informed strategies to engage students and improve their reading abilities. This article will discuss various research-based approaches and activities that can be integrated into the English reading curriculum.Understanding the Reading ProcessBefore delving into specific activities, it is essential to understand the reading process. Reading involves several stages, including decoding, vocabulary comprehension, fluency, and comprehension. Research-based activities should aim to address these stages systematically.1. Decoding and Vocabulary ComprehensionPhonics and Word Families:Research indicates that phonics instruction can significantly improve reading skills, especially for English language learners. Activitiessuch as creating word families and practicing phonics through games and songs can help students develop decoding skills.Vocabulary Building:Vocabulary is a cornerstone of reading comprehension. Teachers can use activities like word walls, vocabulary games, and context-rich reading passages to build students' vocabulary.2. FluencyRead-Aloud and Choral Reading:Read-aloud activities, where the teacher reads aloud to the class, can help students develop listening skills and improve their own reading fluency. Choral reading, where students read in unison, can also enhance fluency and build confidence.3. ComprehensionComprehension Strategies:Research-based comprehension strategies, such as summarizing, questioning, and making predictions, can be taught through various activities. These strategies help students engage with the text and understand the main ideas and details.Interactive Reading Activities1. Socratic Seminars:Socratic seminars are discussion-based activities that encourage students to think critically about the text. Teachers can guide the discussion by asking open-ended questions and facilitating a respectful exchange of ideas.2. Reader's Theatre:Reader's Theatre involves students reading from scripts, which can be role-playing scenes from a story. This activity not only improves reading fluency but also enhances comprehension and speaking skills.3. Book Clubs:Book clubs provide a social context for reading. Students can discuss the text, share their interpretations, and learn from each other's perspectives.Technological Integration1. Online Reading Platforms:Technology can be a powerful tool for reading instruction. Online reading platforms offer interactive books, quizzes, and activities that cater to different reading levels and interests.2. Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR):AR and VR can create immersive reading experiences that engage students in new and exciting ways. For example, AR can bring storybook charactersto life, while VR can transport students to different settings and time periods.Assessment and Feedback1. Formative Assessment:Formative assessments, such as exit tickets, quick writes, and peer feedback, can provide ongoing insights into students' reading progress. These assessments should be used to adjust instruction and provide targeted support.2. Summative Assessment:Summative assessments, such as standardized tests or final projects, can measure students' overall reading abilities. However, it is crucial to balance these assessments with formative assessments to provide a comprehensive picture of student learning.ConclusionIncorporating research-based instructional activities into English reading instruction can significantly enhance students' reading skills. By understanding the reading process, utilizing interactive activities, integrating technology, and providing ongoing assessment and feedback, teachers can create a supportive and engaging learning environment that fosters reading proficiency. As language learners continue to develop their reading abilities, they will be better equipped to succeed intheir academic and professional endeavors.第3篇Introduction:In the era of globalization, English has become an indispensable language for communication and education. Reading is one of the core skills that students need to master to become proficient in English. This essay aims to explore the significance of English reading teaching in educational research activities and provide insights into how educators can enhance reading skills among students.I. The Significance of English Reading Teaching1. Enhancing Language ProficiencyReading is the foundation of language learning. By engaging in English reading, students can expand their vocabulary, improve their grammar,and enhance their overall language proficiency. Regular reading practice helps students become more confident and fluent in using the language.2. Developing Critical Thinking SkillsReading encourages students to think critically and analytically. Asthey read different types of texts, they learn to analyze, evaluate, and interpret information, which are essential skills for success in various academic and professional fields.3. Cultivating Cultural AwarenessThrough reading, students can gain insight into different cultures, traditions, and perspectives. This exposure to diverse cultures helps students become more open-minded and tolerant, which is crucial for global citizenship.4. Fostering a Love for ReadingIntroducing students to a wide range of literature can spark their interest in reading. By incorporating engaging and thought-provoking texts, educators can inspire students to develop a lifelong love for reading.II. Strategies for Effective English Reading Teaching1. Choosing Appropriate TextsEducators should select texts that are appropriate for the students' age, level, and interests. Texts should be challenging enough to stimulate learning but not too difficult to discourage students. Incorporating a mix of genres, such as fiction, non-fiction, and poetry, can cater to different learning styles and interests.2. Integrating Reading with Other SubjectsTo make reading more engaging, educators can integrate readingactivities with other subjects, such as science, history, and social studies. This interdisciplinary approach helps students see the relevance of reading in different contexts and enhances their understanding of various subjects.3. Promoting Active ReadingActive reading involves students asking questions, summarizing, and making connections while reading. Educators can encourage active reading by asking thought-provoking questions, facilitating discussions, and providing opportunities for students to express their opinions.4. Utilizing TechnologyTechnology can be a powerful tool for English reading teaching. Educators can use digital platforms, such as e-books, audiobooks, and educational apps, to provide students with access to a vast array of reading materials. Additionally, technology can facilitate interactive reading activities and provide immediate feedback to students.5. Providing Support and ResourcesEducators should provide students with the necessary support and resources to improve their reading skills. This includes offering individualized assistance, providing access to dictionaries and thesauruses, and encouraging students to seek help when needed.III. The Role of Educational Research in English Reading Teaching1. Identifying Effective PracticesEducational research helps identify effective reading teaching practices that can be implemented in the classroom. By studying the outcomes of different approaches, educators can make informed decisions about how to best support their students' reading development.2. Informing Curriculum DevelopmentEducational research provides valuable insights into the content and structure of reading curricula. Researchers can study the impact ofvarious teaching strategies and materials, helping educators design comprehensive and effective reading programs.3. Evaluating Student ProgressEducational research enables educators to assess the effectiveness of their reading teaching strategies. By analyzing student progress and identifying areas of improvement, educators can refine their approaches and ensure that students are making meaningful gains.Conclusion:English reading teaching plays a crucial role in educational research activities. By employing effective strategies and leveraging the power of educational research, educators can enhance their students' reading skills, foster critical thinking, and cultivate cultural awareness. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the importance of English reading teaching will continue to grow, making it essential for educators to prioritize this aspect of language learning.。
现代技术在英语学习中的应用作文英文回答:In today's modern world, technology plays a significant role in every aspect of our lives, including English learning. There are various ways in which modern technology can be used to enhance English learning, such as online resources, language learning apps, and virtual classrooms.One of the most popular ways to use technology for English learning is through language learning apps. Apps like Duolingo, Rosetta Stone, and Babbel provideinteractive lessons, vocabulary practice, and speaking exercises to help users improve their English skills. These apps are convenient and can be used anytime, anywhere, making it easier for learners to practice and improve their English on the go.Another way technology can be used for English learning is through online resources. Websites like BBC LearningEnglish, ESL Library, and FluentU offer a wide range of resources such as articles, videos, quizzes, andinteractive exercises to help learners improve their reading, listening, speaking, and writing skills. These online resources are not only educational but also engaging and fun to use, making the learning process more enjoyable.Virtual classrooms are also becoming increasingly popular for English learning. Platforms like Zoom, Google Meet, and Microsoft Teams allow learners to attend live classes, interact with teachers and classmates, and participate in group activities and discussions. Virtual classrooms provide a more interactive and immersivelearning experience compared to traditional classrooms, as learners can communicate with people from different partsof the world and practice their English in real-life situations.Overall, modern technology has revolutionized the waywe learn English, making it more accessible, convenient,and engaging. By taking advantage of language learning apps, online resources, and virtual classrooms, learners canimprove their English skills more effectively andefficiently than ever before.中文回答:在当今现代社会,技术在我们生活的各个方面扮演着重要角色,包括英语学习。
英语二单元的作文全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1Unit Two: In Search of AdventureIntroductionIn the second unit of our English class, we explored the theme of adventure. We learned about different types of adventures and the importance of stepping out of our comfort zones to experience new things. In this essay, I will discuss my personal thoughts and experiences related to the concept of adventure.Defining AdventureAdventure can be defined as an exciting or unusual experience that usually involves some level of risk. It can take many forms, from traveling to a new country to trying a new activity or pushing oneself to overcome a fear. For me, adventure is about seeking out new and challenging experiences that take me out of my daily routine and help me grow as a person.My Experience with AdventureI have always been someone who enjoys trying new things and seeking out adventures. One of the most memorable adventures I have had was a backpacking trip through Europe. I planned the trip on my own, booked my flights and accommodations, and set out to explore countries I had never been to before. It was a thrilling experience that pushed me out of my comfort zone and helped me learn more about myself and the world around me.Benefits of AdventureEmbarking on adventures can have many positive benefits. It can help us gain confidence, develop new skills, and create lasting memories. Adventure can also broaden our perspectives and help us appreciate the diversity and beauty of the world. By stepping out of our comfort zones, we can challenge ourselves to grow and evolve in ways we never thought possible.ConclusionIn conclusion, the second unit of our English class has taught me the importance of embracing adventure and seeking out new experiences. I have learned that adventure is not just about taking risks, but also about expanding our horizons and discovering new passions. I look forward to continuing myjourney of adventure and exploration, both in my English studies and in my everyday life.篇2Unit 2 of English as a Second Language (ESL) introduces learners to a variety of topics and skills that will help them improve their English proficiency. In this unit, students focus on vocabulary related to everyday activities, food and drinks, hobbies, and sports. They also practice using modal verbs to express ability, possibility, and permission.One of the main focuses of Unit 2 is on building vocabulary related to everyday activities. Students learn how to talk about their daily routines, describe common tasks such as doing the laundry or washing dishes, and discuss their preferences for activities like reading or watching TV. By expanding their vocabulary in this area, students are better able to communicate about their lives and experiences in English.Another key topic covered in Unit 2 is food and drinks. Students learn the names of various foods and beverages, how to talk about their likes and dislikes, and how to order food at a restaurant. This vocabulary is essential for students who want tonavigate everyday situations in English-speaking countries, such as dining out or grocery shopping.In addition to vocabulary, Unit 2 also focuses on grammar skills, particularly the use of modal verbs. Modal verbs such as can, could, may, might, must, and should are used to convey different levels of ability, possibility, and permission. By practicing with these modal verbs, students can better express themselves in a variety of situations and understand nuances in meaning.Overall, Unit 2 of ESL is designed to help students build their vocabulary, improve their grammar skills, and increase their confidence in using English in everyday situations. By mastering the topics covered in this unit, students are well on their way to becoming more proficient English speakers.In conclusion, Unit 2 of ESL is an important step in the language learning journey for students. By focusing on vocabulary related to everyday activities, food and drinks, hobbies, and sports, as well as practicing with modal verbs, students can strengthen their language skills and become more fluent and confident English speakers.篇3Unit 2: The Power of WordsAs we delve into the second unit of our English course, we are reminded of the immense power that words hold. Words have the ability to inspire, unite, and create change in the world around us. From the speeches of influential leaders to the lyrics of a beloved song, words have the power to move us emotionally and intellectually.One of the key themes of this unit is the importance of effective communication. Whether it be through written or spoken word, being able to convey our thoughts and feelings clearly is essential in building relationships and fostering understanding. Words have the power to build bridges between people from different backgrounds and cultures, fostering empathy and connection.In this unit, we also explore the impact of persuasive language. Through analyzing speeches, advertisements, and articles, we learn how language can be used to influence and persuade others. We see how carefully chosen words can sway opinions and shape attitudes, for better or for worse.Moreover, we delve into the realm of storytelling and its ability to transport us to different worlds and perspectives. Whether it be through a novel, a film, or a personal anecdote,stories have the power to engage our imaginations and broaden our horizons. By delving into the stories of others, we gain insight into different cultures, experiences, and ways of thinking.At the heart of this unit is the recognition that words have the power to shape our reality. Whether we are using language to express our emotions, share our beliefs, or advocate for change, our words have the potential to make a lasting impact on those around us. By harnessing the power of words, we can create a more compassionate, informed, and connected world.In conclusion, as we journey through Unit 2 of our English course, let us remember the power that words hold. Let us use language not only as a tool for communication but also as a force for positive change. May we continue to explore the richness of language and storytelling, and to wield our words with thoughtfulness, compassion, and purpose.。
英语二裸考蒙题技巧Tips for Taking the English Second Language Exam。
The English Second Language (ESL) exam is a challenging test that requires solid language skills and effective test-taking strategies. In this article, we will discuss some tips and techniques to help you excel in the ESL exam. By following these guidelines, you can boost your confidence and improve your chances of achieving a high score.1. Develop Strong Language Skills:To perform well in the ESL exam, it is crucial to have a strong foundation in the English language. Focus on improving your reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills. Read English newspapers, books, and magazines to enhance your vocabulary and comprehension. Practice writing essays and speaking in English to improve your fluency and coherence.2. Familiarize Yourself with the Exam Format:Before taking the ESL exam, it is essential to understand its format. Familiarize yourself with the different sections, such as reading comprehension, listening comprehension, grammar, and writing. Knowing the structure of the exam will help you allocate your time effectively and tackle each section with confidence.3. Time Management:Time management is crucial during the ESL exam. Allocate specific time limits for each section and stick to them. Practice solving sample papers within the given time frame to improve your speed. Remember to allocate sufficient time for proofreading and editing your answers.4. Read the Instructions Carefully:One common mistake that test-takers make is not reading the instructions carefully. Ensure that you understand the requirements of each question before attempting toanswer it. Pay attention to details such as word limits, formatting, and the number of questions to be answered.5. Skim and Scan:When faced with lengthy reading passages, it is helpful to skim and scan for key information. Skimming allows you to quickly understand the main idea of the passage, while scanning helps you locate specific details. This technique can save you time and improve your comprehension.6. Improve Your Listening Skills:Listening comprehension is a vital component of the ESL exam. Practice listening to English podcasts, news broadcasts, and movies to enhance your listening skills. Pay attention to the speaker's tone, intonation, and emphasis on certain words or phrases. Take notes while listening to improve your retention and understanding.7. Practice Grammar Exercises:Grammar plays a significant role in the ESL exam. Dedicate time to practice grammar exercises to improve your accuracy. Focus on common grammar rules, such as verb tenses, subject-verb agreement, articles, and prepositions. Understanding and applying these rules correctly will help you avoid common mistakes in the exam.8. Expand Your Vocabulary:A wide-ranging vocabulary is essential for success in the ESL exam. Learn new words regularly and practice using them in sentences. Use flashcards or vocabulary apps to memorize and review words. Additionally, make a habit of reading English texts to encounter new words in context.9. Review and Revise:Consistent review and revision are key to retaining information and improving your performance in the ESL exam. Create a study schedule that allows you to revisitpreviously learned topics regularly. Review your notes, practice sample questions, and seek feedback from teachers or peers to identify areas for improvement.10. Stay Calm and Confident:Lastly, maintain a calm and confident mindset during the exam. Stress and anxiety can hinder your performance, so practice relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or visualization. Trust in your preparation and believe in your abilities to perform well.In conclusion, excelling in the ESL exam requires a combination of strong language skills, effective test-taking strategies, and thorough preparation. By following these tips, you can enhance your performance and achieve your desired score. Remember to practice regularly, stay focused, and maintain a positive attitude. Good luck!。
igcse esl英语写作范文全文共10篇示例,供读者参考篇1Hey guys, today I want to tell you about my experience in preparing for the IGCSE ESL exam. It was a bit tough at first, but with some hard work and practice, I was able to do well in the exam.First of all, I had to make sure I understood all the different sections of the exam. There was reading, writing, listening, and speaking, so I had to practice each of these skills. I spent a lot of time reading different types of texts, like articles and stories, to improve my reading comprehension. I also practiced writing essays and letters to improve my writing skills.For the listening section, I listened to podcasts and watched English videos to improve my listening skills. And for the speaking part, I practiced speaking English with my friends and family to become more confident.I also made sure to study vocabulary and grammar regularly.I used flashcards to memorize new words and studied grammar rules to improve my writing.On the day of the exam, I was feeling a bit nervous, but I remembered all the hard work I had put in and felt more confident. I did my best in each section of the exam and felt proud of myself for all the effort I had put in.In the end, I was really happy with my results. I realized that with dedication and practice, I could achieve my goals. I hope this experience can inspire you to work hard and achieve your own goals too!篇2Title: My Fun Day Out at the ZooHey guys! Today I wanna tell you about my super duper fun day out at the zoo! It was soooo cool and I saw lots of amazing animals!First, me and my family got to the zoo super early in the morning. We wanted to see all the animals when they were awake and playing. The first animals we saw were the cute little monkeys swinging from tree to tree. They were so funny and kept making funny faces at us.Next, we went to see the big lions and tigers. They were so huge and majestic! We watched them as they lazed in the sun and roared at each other. It was so cool to see them up close.After that, we saw the giraffes! They were my favorite animals at the zoo. They had super long necks and could reach the leaves on the trees so easily. I wanted to feed them but we weren't allowed to.We also saw the elephants splashing around in the water and the playful seals doing tricks for us. It was like watching a show at the circus!At lunchtime, we had a picnic near the flamingos. They were such pretty birds with their pink feathers. We ate yummy sandwiches and chips while watching them preen themselves in the water.After lunch, we went on a train ride around the zoo. We saw all the animals again from a different perspective. It was so fun and the breeze felt so good on my face.At the end of the day, we bought some souvenirs from the gift shop. I got a cute stuffed panda bear to remind me of all the fun we had at the zoo.I had the best day ever at the zoo and I can't wait to go back again soon! If you haven't been to the zoo yet, you should totally go and see all the awesome animals for yourself! It's the best place ever!篇3Hey guys! Today I'm going to write an IGCSE ESL English writing sample, but in a more casual and fun way. Let's get started!Title: My Favorite Hobby - Playing Video GamesHi everyone! My name is Sarah and I want to tell you all about my favorite hobby - playing video games! I know some people think video games are just a waste of time, but I think they're super fun and can actually teach you a lot of cool stuff.First of all, playing video games helps me relax and unwind after a long day at school. It's like I can escape into a whole new world and forget about any stress or worries. Plus, it's a great way to hang out with my friends online and chat with them while we play together.Secondly, video games also help me improve myproblem-solving skills. Some games are like puzzles that youhave to figure out how to solve, which really gets my brain working. I love the challenge of trying to beat a tough level or boss and the feeling of accomplishment when I finally do it!Lastly, playing video games has even helped me improve my English skills. A lot of games have dialogue and text that you have to read and understand to progress in the game. This has really helped me with my reading and comprehension skills, and I've even learned some new vocabulary along the way.So there you have it, guys! Playing video games is not just a fun hobby, but it can also be a great way to relax, improve your problem-solving skills, and even learn new things. Next time someone tells you video games are a waste of time, tell them all the cool stuff you can learn from them too! Thanks for reading, and happy gaming!篇4Title: My School LifeHey guys, today I want to share with you all about my school life! My school is so much fun and I love going there every day.Firstly, let me tell you about my favorite subjects. I really like English because I love reading and writing stories. My teacher issuper nice and always helps me improve my grammar and vocabulary. Math is another subject I enjoy because I like solving problems and using my brain. Science is also cool because we get to do experiments and learn about how things work.School is not just about studying, though. We also have so much fun during break time. My friends and I love playing games like tag, hide and seek, and jump rope. Sometimes we have little competitions to see who can run the fastest or jump the highest. It's always so exciting!One of the best things about my school is the special events we have throughout the year. We celebrate different festivals like Christmas, Halloween, and Chinese New Year. We have parties, dress up in costumes, and eat yummy food. It's so much fun to see everyone so happy and festive.Overall, my school life is amazing. I have great friends, caring teachers, and so many fun activities to do. I look forward to going to school every day and I know that I am lucky to have such a wonderful place to learn and grow.篇5Title: My Awesome Summer VacationHi everyone! I wanted to tell you all about my super cool summer vacation. So, during the summer holidays, my family and I went on an amazing trip to a beach resort. It was so much fun!First, we took a long drive to the beach. The car ride was really fun because we played games like "I Spy" and "20 Questions." When we finally arrived, I was so excited to see the ocean and feel the sand between my toes.We stayed at a cozy little cottage right by the beach. The cottage was so cute and had a big porch where we could sit and watch the sunset. Every morning, we would wake up early and go for a swim in the ocean. The water was so warm and clear, and we even saw some colorful fish swimming around.During the day, we would build sandcastles and collect seashells. My little sister found a really big seashell and she was so excited to show it off. We also went for walks along the beach and explored the tide pools. We found all kinds of cool creatures like crabs and starfish.One day, we went snorkeling and got to swim with some turtles. It was so amazing to see them up close in their natural habitat. We also went on a boat tour and saw dolphins jumping out of the water. It was like something out of a movie!In the evenings, we would have a bonfire on the beach and roast marshmallows. We would tell stories and sing songs while looking up at the stars. It was so peaceful and relaxing.Overall, my summer vacation was the best ever. I had so much fun spending time with my family and exploring the beach.I can't wait to go back next year and make even more memories.I hope you all had an awesome summer vacation too! Bye for now!篇6Title: My Summer VacationHey everyone! I just had the best summer vacation ever and I can't wait to tell you all about it! This summer, my family and I went on a road trip across the country and visited so many cool places.First, we went to the beach and I made sandcastles and swam in the ocean all day long. It was so much fun and I even found a seashell that I brought home as a souvenir. Then, we visited a national park and went hiking in the mountains. The views were amazing and I took so many pictures of the beautiful scenery.After that, we went to a theme park and went on all the rides.I was a little scared at first, but after the first ride, I loved it and went on all of them multiple times. I even won a big stuffed animal at one of the games!We also visited my grandparents in the countryside and I helped them in their garden. We picked fresh fruits and vegetables and made a delicious meal together. It was so nice to spend time with them and learn about gardening.Overall, my summer vacation was so much fun and I made so many great memories. I can't wait for next summer to go on another adventure with my family!篇7Hello everyone, my name is Timmy and I'm here to tell you about my experience writing an IGCSE ESL English essay. It was super fun and I learned a lot, so I want to share my tips with you!First of all, make sure you understand the topic of the essay. Read it carefully and think about what you want to say. It's important to have a clear idea in your mind before you start writing.Next, make a plan. Think about the main points you want to include in your essay and how you are going to structure it. This will help you stay organized and make sure you cover all the important points.When you start writing, remember to use your own words. Don't just copy from the text or the internet. It's important to show that you understand the topic and can explain it in your own way.Also, make sure you use good grammar and spelling. Check your work carefully before you submit it. It's always a good idea to ask a teacher or parent to read over your essay and give you feedback.Finally, don't be afraid to be creative! Use examples and personal experiences to make your essay interesting and engaging. Remember, the more you practice, the better you will get at writing essays.So, that's my advice for writing an IGCSE ESL English essay. I hope it helps you with your writing skills. Good luck and happy writing!篇8Hi guys, today I'm going to tell you a story about my exciting trip to the zoo! Last weekend, my family and I went to the zoo to see all the cool animals. It was so much fun!First, we saw the lions. They were roaring so loudly and pacing back and forth in their big enclosure. I was a little scared, but also super amazed by how powerful they looked. Next, we saw the monkeys swinging from tree to tree and playing with each other. They were so silly and I couldn't stop laughing!After that, we went to see the elephants. They were huge and majestic, and I loved watching them spray water on themselves with their trunks. It was so cool to see such big animals up close. We also saw giraffes, zebras, and even a cute little penguin waddling around.The best part of the day was when we got to feed the giraffes! They have such long necks and tongues, and it was so funny to watch them eat the lettuce we gave them. It was a once-in-a-lifetime experience that I'll never forget.Overall, my trip to the zoo was amazing. I learned so much about animals and had a blast with my family. I can't wait to go back and see more animals next time. If you ever get the chance to visit the zoo, I highly recommend it. It's a day full of fun and learning!篇9Okay, here is a sample of an IGCSE ESL English writing essay in a more casual and conversational style:My Amazing Summer HolidayHey guys! So, I'm gonna tell you all about my super awesome summer holiday! It was the best holiday ever and I had so much fun. I went to the beach with my family and we stayed in a cool beach house. The weather was amazing and I got to swim in the sea every day.One day, we went on a boat trip and I got to see dolphins! They were so cool and I even got to feed them. It was amazing! I also tried surfing for the first time and it was so much fun. I fell off a lot but I finally got the hang of it.We also went to a water park and I went on all the slides. It was so much fun going down the slides super fast and splashing into the water. I also ate so much ice cream and had a BBQ on the beach. It was all so yummy!At night, we sat around a bonfire and roasted marshmallows. We told stories and laughed a lot. It was so nice spending time with my family and just relaxing. I didn't want the holiday to end!Overall, my summer holiday was the best ever and I can't wait for the next one. I made so many good memories and had so much fun. I wish I could go back and do it all over again!So, that's my amazing summer holiday. I hope you guys had a great holiday too! Thanks for reading. Bye!篇10Hello everyone! Today I want to share with you an IGCSE ESL English writing sample. It's super important to practice writing essays for your exam, so let's get started!Title: The Best Day EverLast Saturday was the best day ever! It was my birthday and my parents planned a surprise party for me. I woke up to the sound of my family singing "Happy Birthday" and I was so excited! They gave me the coolest presents like a new bike and a big cake with my favorite superheroes on it.After opening my gifts, we all went to the park for a picnic. There were sandwiches, popcorn, and juice boxes. We played games like tag and hide-and-seek. I even got to climb to the top of the monkey bars, which was a little scary but so much fun!In the afternoon, we went to the movies to watch a new Disney movie. It was so funny and exciting. I laughed so hard that I almost fell out of my seat! After the movie, we went out for pizza for dinner. I got to choose my favorite toppings and it was delicious.When we got home, my friends came over for a sleepover. We stayed up late playing games, watching movies, and eating candy. It was the best day ever and I will never forget it!I hope you enjoyed reading about my best day ever. Remember to practice writing essays for your IGCSE ESL exam and have fun with your writing! Thank you for listening. Bye!。
esl英语review范文Here is a sample ESL English review essay:Title: "Captain Marvel: A Refreshing Addition to the Marvel Cinematic Universe"Introduction:The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) has become a global phenomenon, captivating audiences with its epic superhero stories. Among its extensive collection of films, "Captain Marvel" stands out as a refreshing addition. Directed by Anna Boden and Ryan Fleck, this action-packed sci-fi film introduces a powerful female superhero, Captain Marvel, played by Brie Larson. Through a compelling storyline and dynamic performances, "Captain Marvel" successfully delivers an innovative and empowering tale.Plot and Setting:Set in the 1990s, "Captain Marvel" explores the origin of its titular character, Carol Danvers, a former United States Air Force pilot who becomes infused with alien powers. The film's plot revolves around Danvers' quest to uncover her past and stop a galactic war between alien species. The story takes us on a unique journey, traveling between Earth and outer space. The setting is excellently portrayed, providing viewers with a visually stunning experience. Character Development:One of the strengths of "Captain Marvel" lies in its well-developed characters. Brie Larson shines in her portrayal of Carol Danvers, effectively capturing her strength and vulnerability. Danvers is a relatable and inspiring character, breaking free from stereotypesand showcasing the power of women. Samuel L. Jackson reprises his role as Nick Fury, providing entertaining banter and adding depth to his character. The supporting cast, including Lashana Lynch as Maria Rambeau and Ben Mendelsohn as Talos, delivers fantastic performances that contribute to the film's overall success. Visual Effects and Action Sequences:As expected from a superhero film, "Captain Marvel" boasts impressive visual effects and exhilarating action sequences. The film seamlessly blends practical and computer-generated effects, creating realistic and breathtaking visuals. The action scenes are choreographed meticulously, showcasing the full extent of Captain Marvel's powers. From high-flying battle sequences to intense hand-to-hand combat, each action sequence delivers on its promise to entertain and captivate.Soundtrack and Cinematography:The film's soundtrack is another standout aspect of "Captain Marvel." With a collection of popular 90s songs, the music adds nostalgia and enhances the overall viewing experience. The cinematography is also noteworthy, with vibrant colors and sleek camera work. The film effectively conveys the sense of scale and intensity, immersing viewers in the story.Conclusion:In conclusion, "Captain Marvel" is a must-watch film for fans of the MCU and newcomers alike. With its engaging plot, well-rounded characters, stunning visual effects, and energetic action sequences, the film offers a refreshing and empowering depiction of a female superhero. "Captain Marvel" adds diversity andinclusivity to the Marvel Cinematic Universe, setting the stage for more exciting stories in the future.。
Article UsageThe Writing CenterAt Rensselaer4508 Sage Lab518/276-8983writingcenter@/web/writingcenter Developed by:John KohlSusan Katz IntroductionThe articles “a,” “an,” and “the” are difficult for many non-native speakers of English to learn to use properly. Some of the rules that govern article usage are very subtle; only years of experience with the language will enable you to understand and apply these rules. However, Table 3 will help you eliminate many errors in article usage from your writing.In order to use Table 3, however, you have to understand two concepts: countability and definiteness. These concepts are explained in detail below. The last part of this handout, beginning on page 7, discusses article usage with proper nouns as well as the difference between “a” and “an.” At the very end of the handout is an exercise that you can do to test your understanding.CountabilityCountable nouns refer to people, places, or things that can be counted (one dollar/two dollars, one house/two houses). They can always be made plural—usually by adding -s or some other variation of the plural ending (students, countries, children). A few words are the same in both the singular and plural forms (deer, sheep).Uncountable nouns often refer to food, beverages, substances, or abstractions (meat, tea, steel, information); some uncountable nouns (but not the abstract ones) can be made countable by adding a count frame in front of them (two gallons of milk, six blocks of ice, a bar of soap, a bunch of celery).Unfortunately, there is no clear-cut distinction between countable and uncountable nouns. Some nouns can be both countable and uncountable even without adding count frames. For example, as an uncountable noun, “experience” refers to abstract knowledge or skill that can be gained by observing or participating in events. As a singular or plural countable noun (“experience/experiences”), it refers to a particular instance (or instances) of participation in events. Similarly, the uncountable noun “glass” is a substance made from silicates; “a glass” (singular) is something you drink out of; and “glasses” (plural) are frames containing lenses that correct imperfect vision.There are other exceptions to the countable/uncountable distinction as well. Moreover, a noun that is countable in your native language may be uncountable in English, and vice-versa. For example, “soap” is countable in Spanish but uncountable in English. However, as long as you are aware of these differences, they probably won't cause you much difficulty.In the Oxford dictionary, nouns are countable unless they are designated by the letter [u]. If a noun can be either countable or uncountable (with different definitions, as in the examples given above), then the uncountable definitions are preceded by [u], and the countable definitions are preceded by [c], as in the following example.ad.ven.ture n 1 [c] a strange or unusual happening (The explorer told the boys about his adventure in the Artic). 2 [u] risk; danger (Robin Hood lives a life of adventure.)DefinitenessA noun is definite if it refers to something specific that is known to both thewriter/speaker and the reader/listener. (Note: You should memorize this definition!) For example, if Jane needs to drive somewhere, she might ask her father, “May I use the car?” She uses the definite article “the” because both she and her father know which car Jane is referring to (the family car). But later she might say to her friend Bill, “I saw a funny-looking dog today.” She uses the indefinite article “a” because she knows which dog she saw, but Bill doesn't.Table 2 illustrates that there are four possible conditions involved in this decision, but only one results in a noun that is definite.Five Sources of DefinitenessThere are five principal ways in which a reader/listener can know specifically what a noun is referring to (that is, five reasons a noun might be considered definite):1. The noun has been previously mentioned.I saw a funny-looking dog yesterday [first mention, indefinite]. It looked like across between a Pekinese and a German shepherd. When it saw my cat, thedog ran away [second mention, definite].2. A superlative or ranking adjective makes the noun's identity specific.The tallest girl in the class is 6’2” tall. [There can be only one girl who is thetallest.]Please read the fourth paragraph on page 3. [There can be only one fourthparagraph.]Today is the most important day of my life. [There can be only one day that isthe most important.]3. The noun describes a unique person, place, or thing.The earth revolves around the sun once every 365 days. [There is only oneearth and only one sun--in our solar system, that is!]4. A modifying word, phrase, or clause follows the noun and makes it clear whichspecific person or thing you are referring to. But not every noun that ismodified in this way is definite; it depends largely on the situation and on whatyou can reasonably expect your listener/reader to know about.Do you remember the girl who went camping with us?[Using the here implies that there was only one girl who went camping withyou; otherwise the clause who went camping with us would not be sufficient toidentify the particular girl that you are referring to. If there were two girls, thenyou would have to be more specific, saying perhaps “Do you remember the girlfrom Iowa who went camping with us last May?”]John is reading a book about quantum physics.[Here the noun book is modified by the phrase about quantum physics. Butthere is undoubtedly more than one book about quantum physics. Therefore,to make book definite, we would have to add more information: the book aboutquantum physics that was assigned by Professor Jackson last week.]5. The context or situation makes the noun’s identity clear. For example, youmight ask someone to “Close the door.” You would use the because it wouldundoubtedly be clear to both of you which door you were referring to. Similarly,if you tell someone that you are going to the library, that person will assumethat you are talking about whichever library is most familiar to both of you—RPI's Folsom Library, for example.Again, you have to be sure that your reader or listener has the same context or situation in mind that you are thinking of; otherwise, he or she will be confused by your use of the. For example, one student wrote the following sentence.This magazine helps women analyze the problematic situation and offerspossible remedies.But this was the first time she had mentioned a problematic situation. Her readers were therefore confused, because her use of the word the implied that they were already supposed to know which problematic situation she was referring to.Choosing the Appropriate ArticleIn order to choose the appropriate article for a noun, you first need to decide whether the noun is singular. One way to determine this is to ask yourself whether you could put the number “one” in front of it. For example, you can say “one experiment,” but not “one knowledge” or “one examples;” therefore, “experiment” is singular, whereas “knowledge” is uncountable and “examples” is plural.Table 3 shows that if the noun is singular, you must use either “the” or “a”/”an” in front of the noun, depending on whether it is definite (known to both yourself and your readers) or not.If the noun is not singular, then it must be either plural or uncountable. Table 3 shows that article usage is the same for both plural and uncountable nouns: you will use either “the” or “0” (no article) in front of the noun. Again, the final decision depends on whether the noun is definite or not.An easy way to eliminate a lot of mistakes is to look through your writing for every occurrence of “a” and “an.” Then examine the noun that follows each “a” or “an.” If the noun is either plural or uncountable, then you have made a mistake, and you should Table 3 to determine whether to use “the” or “0” instead.refer toUsing Articles With Proper NounsSo far we have been talking only about using articles with common nouns. The rules for proper nouns are more complex.Proper nouns are names of particular people, places, and things (John F. Kennedy, New York City, Notre Dame Cathedral), and for that reason they are inherently definite. Nevertheless, the definite article is not used with most singular proper nouns. For example, if you are referring to your friend George, you wouldn't say “The George and I went to a movie last night.” The only times “the” is used with a name like this are: a) when you want to be emphatic, as in “the Elizabeth Taylor” (to emphasize that you are talking about the famous actress, and not about another woman with the same name), and b) when you are actually using the name as a common noun, as in “the George that I introduced you to last night” (the real meaning of this phrase is the man namedGeorge...”). Plural names, on the other hand, are always preceded by “the”: the Johnsons, the Bahamas, etc.Singular geographical names are very irregular with respect to article usage. For example, singular names of continents (Asia, Africa), mountains (Mount Fuji), and bays (San Francisco Bay) do not take the article “the,” but regions (the Crimea), deserts (the Sahara), and other geographical entities do.Indeed, the use of articles with singular proper nouns is complex and hence difficult to learn, as indicated by the examples below. For this reason, the best thing to do is to memorize whether the proper nouns that you use frequently are used with or without “the.”Examples:State Streetthe Empire State BuildingDelaware CountyGreat Britainthe Soviet Unionthe University of VirginiaRensselaer Polytechnic Institutethe United Nations (the U.N.)the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (but “OPEC,” not “theOPEC”)“A” Versus “An”This last topic is undoubtedly the easiest, because most non-native speakers already know about the difference between “a” and “an.” They are simply two variations of the indefinite article. “A” is used before words that begin with consonant sounds (a rock, a large park) and “an” is used before vowel sounds (an interesting subject, an apple). However, note that the choice of “a” or “an” depends on pronunciation, not spelling. Many words that begin with the vowel -u- are preceded by “a” instead of “an” because the -u- spelling is often pronounce -yu-, as in useful (“a useful idea”), and uranium (“a uranium isotope”). In addition, in a few words that were borrowed from French, the initial consonant -h- is not pronounced: an heir to the throne, an hour-long lecture, an honorable agreement, etc.A Strategy For SuccessKeep in mind that native speakers of English seldom use articles incorrectly; therefore, any errors that you make are very noticeable and distracting to them. That is why you should make an effort to use articles correctly.Study this handout – particularly the “Five Sources of Definiteness,” Table 3, and the learning hints. Memorize the definition of definiteness (“known to both thewriter/speaker and the reader/listener”). Then try the Exercise toward the end of this handout; the correct answers are provided on the following page so that you can check your work.In the future, whenever you write in English, you will need to proofread your writing carefully and to apply the rules for article usage very deliberately. Then come to the Writing Center and ask a tutor specifically to correct any remaining errors in your article usage. With practice, you can learn to use articles correctly!ReferencesBrown, Roger. A First Language: The Early Stages. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1973. (Folsom library P136 .B7)Celce-Murcia, Marianne, and Larsen-Freeman, Diane. The Grammar Book: An ESL/EFL Teacher's Course. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 1983. 171-202. Hacker, Diana. The Bedford Handbook for Writers. Boston: St. Martin's, 1991. 312-17.(Available at the Writing Center)Hornby, A.S. The Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English. 3rd ed.London: Oxford U P, 1974. (Available at the Writing Center)Master, Peter A. “Teaching the English Article to Foreign Technical Writing Students.”The Technical Writing Teacher 13.3 (1986): 203-10. (Folsom library reserve 808 .T49)Quirk, Randolph, Sidney Greenbaum, Geoffrey Leech, and Jan Svartvik. A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language. New York: Longman, 1985.(Folsom library PE1106 .C65 1985)。