英语二2014年真题

Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured、【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。

2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本文是一篇关于肥胖与健康关系新说法的议论文。

第一段引出作者对身材的看法：并不是越瘦就证明人越健康。

第二段中作者介绍了一种定义肥胖症的指标BMI。

第三段中作者指出BMI其实揭示的是人体的脂肪量，并不是说明身材好坏的指数。

第四段中讲述了整个社会其实会给肥胖者贴上消极标签，无论是在电视节目中还是在孩子们的心目中，胖人的形象总是与消极联系起来。

最后一段讲述了人们以健康的角度去考虑肥胖的影响，和已经采取的一些对抗肥胖的种种策略。

试题解析Thinner isn't always better.A number of studies have__1__that normalweight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.And there are healthy conditions for which being overweight is actually__2__.For example,heavierwomen are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women.__3__, among the elderly,being somewhat overweight is often an__4__of good health.【译文】太瘦也不总是好事。

一些研究已经得出结论：正常体重的人实际上比一些超重的人更容易患上某些疾病。

有些肥胖对健康还有保护作用。

例如稍微超重的女性跟消瘦的女性相比，不易受到钙质缺乏的影响。

同样的，在老年人中，一定程度上超重是身体健康的标志。

1.[A]denied否认[B]concluded得出结论[C]doubled两倍，加倍努力[D]ensured确保【答案】B【考点】词义辨析【直击答案】空格所在句意为“一系列的研究已经________，事实上，正常体重的人患病风险要高于超重的人”。

14考研英语二真题与答案SectionI Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for eachnumbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ thatnormal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseasescompared to those who are overweight. And there are healthconditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. Forexample, heavier women are less likely to develop calciumdeficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, beingsomewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to bevery difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body massindex, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square ofheight. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to benormal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 isconsidered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderatelyobese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity isprobably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with ahigh BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may bein poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional footballplayers 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.Theoverweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered.Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of willpower,and lower prospects forsuccess.Teachers,employers,and healthprofessionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese._17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, andteasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient[D]troublesome3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D]straightforward10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] withoutSection II ReadingComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below eachtext by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for GloriaMackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from hersmall, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undividedlottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tunewill yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse thanread Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to showthat the most rewarding ways to spend money can becounterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visionsof fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with thesematerial purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once excitingand new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better tospend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, likeinteresting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. Thesepurchases often become more valuable with time-as stories ormemories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected toothers.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as wellas lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." Itseems most people would be better off if they could shorten theircommutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and lessof it watching television (something the average American spends awhopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier forit).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurablethan purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyablewhen they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reasonMacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - amarketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object ofobsession.Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxiousabout fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness,but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than thosein poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending moneyon others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world,and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which rangefrom mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentivesforAmerican homebuyers. But most people will come away from this bookbelieving it was money well spent。

完型答案及解析1. 【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经________ ，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。

根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded 符合题意，其他选项denied （否认）与意义相反，doubled（翻倍）与题意较远，ensured（确保）不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。

所以正确答案为B。

2. 【答案】A protective【解析】题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_________ 。

根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。

Dangerous 和文章意思相反，sufficient 表示充足，troublesome 表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。

3. 【答案】C likewise【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。

___________ ，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。

需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。

A选项in stead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表示逆接，D选项therefore 表示因此，只有C选项likewise 意为同样地; 也，而且。

因此正确答案为C。

4. 【答案】A indicator【解析】本句话中，_____ ，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的 ______ 。

A选项，表示指示器，指标。

B选项objective 表示客观;C选项origin 表示来源，D选项example表示例子。

根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。

因此正确答案为A。

5. 【答案】D concern【解析】本句话的句意是，需要更加_____ 是，很难对肥胖加以定义。

A、impact（印象）;B、relevance（相关性）;C、assistance（辅助）;D、concern（关注）。

14考研英语二真题及答案SectionI Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for eachnumbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ thatnormal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseasescompared to those who are overweight.And there are healthconditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. Forexample, heavier women are less likely to develop calciumdeficiency than thin women.___3___ among the elderly, beingsomewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of goodhealth.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to bevery difficult to define.It is often defined ___6___ body massindex, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square ofheight. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to benormal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 isconsidered obese. Obesity, ___8___,canbe divided into moderatelyobese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity isprobably less amatter of weight than body fat. Some people with ahigh BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10others with a low BMI may bein poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional footballplayers 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low.Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.Theoverweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered.Stereotypes _16_ with obesityinclude laziness, lack of willpower,and lower prospects forsuccess.Teachers,employers,and healthprofessionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese._17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight,andteasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient[D]troublesome3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D]straightforward10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without 3 R9E! u0 M& F; R) y' a1 X! gSection II ReadingComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below eachtext by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for GloriaMackenzie, an84-year-old widow who recently emerged from hersmall, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undividedlottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tunewill yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse thanread Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to showthat the most rewarding ways to spend money can becounterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visionsof fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with thesematerial purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once excitingand new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better tospend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, likeinteresting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. Thesepurchases often become more valuable with time-as stories ormemories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected toothers.This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as wellas lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." Itseems most people would be better off if they could shorten theircommutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and lessof it watching television (something the average American spends awhopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier forit).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurablethan purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyablewhen they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reasonMacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - amarketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object ofobsession.Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxiousabout fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness,but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than thosein poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending moneyon others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world,and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people.Not everyone will agree with the authorspolicy ideas, which rangefrom mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentivesforAmerican homebuyers. But most people will come away from this bookbelieving it wasmoney well spent。

SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand markA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave__1___thatnormal-weightpeoplearei nfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.An dtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually___2___.For eGample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthin women.___3___amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan___ 4___ofgoodhealth.Ofevengreater___5___isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefi ne.Itisoftendefined___6___bodymassindeG,orBMI.BMI___7__bodymassdiv idedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredto benormalweight.Between25and30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredo bese.Obesity,___8___,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,a ndveryseverelyobese.Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessa matterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfacteGtreme lyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.ForeGample,manycollegiatea ndprofessionalfootballplayers12asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13B MI.Todaywehavea(an)_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresom etimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes_16_withobesity includelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,e mployers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainstt heobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andte asingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.Negativeattitudestowardobesity,_18_inhealthconcerns,havestimulatedan umberofanti-obesity_19_.Myownhospitalsystemhasbannedsugarydrinksf romitsfacilities.Manyemployershaveinstitutedweightlossandfitnessinitiati ves.MichelleObamalaunchedahigh-visibilitycampaign_20_childhoodobes ity,evenclaimingthatitrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured、【答案】Bconcluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。

14考研英语二真题及答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumbered blankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave__1___thatnor mal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescompare dtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhi chbeingoverweightisactually___2___.Forexample,heavierwom enarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.___3 ___amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan___4 ___ofgoodhealth.Ofevengreater___5___isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydif ficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined___6___bodymassindex,orBMI.B MI___7__bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaB MIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and 30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,___8___,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseve relyobese.Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem9,theyarenot.Obesityisprob ablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBM Iareinfactextremelyfit,10otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor11.Fo rexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers12asob ese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonew ithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.Todaywehavea(an)_14_tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverwei ghtaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereo types_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlower prospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessiona lshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese._17_veryyou ngchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutb odybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.1.[A]denied[B]conduced[C]doubled[D]ensured2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern6.[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]inof7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies8.[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward10.[A]so[B]unlike[C]since[D]unless11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste12.[A]start[B]quality[C]retire[D]stay13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored16.[A][B]combined[C]settled[D]associated17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]withoutSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40poi nts)Text1Whatwouldyoudowith590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMacke nzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin -roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthebiggestundividedlotteryjackp otinhistory.Ifshehopeshernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeeli ngsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyEliza bethDumnandMichaelNorton.Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowtha tthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.F antasiesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextrav aganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththesematerialpurchaseswearso fffairlyquicklywhatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;reg retcreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDu mnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingt othecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtim e-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmorecon nectedtoothers.Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotte rywinnersgetthemost"happinessbangforyourbuck."Itseemsmos tpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowo rk,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtele vision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomo nthsayeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtoch arityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthingsforoneself,an dluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.Thi sisapparentlythereasonMacDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitsp opularMcRib-amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichint oanobjectofobsession.Readersof“HappyMoney”areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutf ulfillment,nothunger.Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeop leinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthanthoseinpoorones .Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscan beseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityen hancesthepleasureofmostthingsformostpeople.Noteveryonewill agreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrommandatingmo reholidaytimetoreducingtaxincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmostpeoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoney wellspent。

2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）（科目代码：204）☆考生注意事项☆1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。

2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。

不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。

3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。

超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。

4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。

5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。

（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the followin g text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (lOpoints)Thinner isn't alwa y s better. A number of studies have 1 that normal-wei g ht people are in fact at hi g her risk of some diseases compared to those who are overwei g ht. And there are health conditions for which bein g overwei g ht is actuall y 2 . For example, heavier women are less likel y to develop calcium deficienc y than thin women. 3 , amon g the elderl y, bein g somewhat overwei g ht is often an 4 of g ood health.Of even greater 5 is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined 6 body mass index, or BMI. BMI 7 bod y mass divided b y the square of hei g ht. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal wei g ht. Between 25 and 30 is overwei g ht. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, 8 , can be divided into moderatel y obese, severel y obese, and very severel y obese.While such numencal standards seem 9 , the y are not. Obesity is probabl y less a matter of wei g ht than bod y fat. Some people with a hi g h BMI are in fact extremel y fit, 10 others with a low BMI ma y be in poor 11 . For example, man y colle g iate and professional football pla y ers 12 as obese, thou g h their percenta g e bod y fat is low. Conversel y, someone with a small frame ma y have hi g h bod y fat but a 13 BMI.Toda y we have a(n) 14 to label obesity as a disgrace. The overwei g ht are sometimes 15 in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes 16 with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, emplo y ers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases a g ainst the obese. 17 very y oun g children tend to look down on the overwei g ht, and teasin g about bod y build has lon g been a problem in schools.Ne g ative attitudes toward obesity, 18 in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity 19 . M y own hospital s y stem has banned su g ary drinks from its facilities. Man y emplo y ers have instituted wei g ht loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama has launched a hi g h-visibilit y campaign 20 childhood obesit y, even claimin g that it represents our g reatest national security threat.1.[A] denied[B]concluded[C]doubted[D]ensured2.[A] protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome3.[A] Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore4.[A] indicator[B]ob j ective[C]o ri g in[D]e xample5.[A] im pact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern6.[A] in terms of[B]in case of[C]in favor of[D]in respects of7.[A] measures[B]detern血es[C]equals[D]modifies8.[A] in essence[B]in contrast[C]in turn[D]in pa rt9.[A] complicated [B] conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward10.[A] so[B]while[C]since[D]unless11.[A] shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste12.[A] start[B]qualify[C]retire[D]stay13.[A] strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant14.[A] option[B]reason[C]o pp ortunity[D]tendency15.[A] employed[B]p ic t ured[C]imitated[D]monitored16.[A] compared[B]combined[C]settled[D]associated17.[A] Even[B]Still[C]Y et[D]O nly18.[A] despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]g rounded19.[A] discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies20.[A] for[B]against[C]with[D]withoutSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1What would y ou do with $590m? This is now a q uestion for Gloria MacKenzie, an 84-y ear-old widow who recentl y emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jack p ot in history. If she ho p es her new-found fortune will y ield lasting feelings of fulfilment, she could do worse than read Happy Money b y Elizabeth Dunn and Michael Norton.These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding wa y s to spend mone y can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fanc y cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairl y quickl y. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret cree p s in. It is far better to s p end mone y on ex p eriences, sa y Ms D unn and Mr Norton, like interesting tri p s, uni q ue meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time as stories or memories particularl y if the y involve feeling more connected to others.This slim volume is packed with ti p s to hel p wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for y our buck." It seems most p eo p le would be better off if the y could shorten their commutes to work, s p end more time with friends and famil y and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a y ear doing, and is hardl y jollier for it). Bu y ing gifts or giving to charit y is often more p leasurable than p urchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjo y able when the y are consumed s p aringl y. This is a pp arentl y the reason Mc D onald's restricts the availability of its p o p ular McRib a marketing trick that has turned the p ork sandwich into an object of obsession.Readers of Happy M oney are clearl y a p rivileged lot, anxious about fulfilment, not hunger. Mone y ma y not q uite bu y ha pp iness, but p eo p le in wealthier countries are generall y ha p pier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and s p ending mone y on others can be seen among rich and p oor p eo p le around the world, and scarcity e呻ances the p leasure of most things for most p eo p le. Not everyone will agree with the authors'p olic y ideas, which range from mandating more holida y time to reducing tax incentives for American homebu y ers. But most eo p le will come awa y from this book believing it was mone y well s p ent.p21.According to Dunn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewardingpurchase?[A]A big house.[B]A special tour.[C]A stylish car.[D]A rich meal.22.The author's attitude toward A mericans'watching TV is.[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympath e tic[D]a mb iguous23.Mc R ib is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to show that.[A]consumers are sometimes 1rrat10nal[B]popularity usually comes after quality[C]marketing tricks are often effective[D]rarity generally increases pleasure24. According to the last paragraph, Happy Money.[A]has left much room for readers'criticism[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the US[D]may give its readers a sense of a chievement25.This text mainly discusses how to.[A]balance feeling good and spending money[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuriesText2An article in Scientific American has pointed out that empirical research sa y s that, actuall y, y ou think y ou're more beautiful than y ou are. We have a deep­seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturall y emplo y a number of self-enhancing strategies to achieve this. Social ps y chologists have amassed oceans of research into what the y call the "above average effect", or "illusory superiority", and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others all obviousl y statistical impossibilities.We rose-tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticised, and appl y negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem. We stalk around thinking we're hot stuff.Ps y chologist and behavioural scientist Nicholas Eple y oversaw a ke y stud y into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather than have people simpl y rate their beaut y compared with others, he asked them to identify an original photograph of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is "an automatic ps y chological process, occurring rapidl y and intuitivel y with little or no apparent conscious deliberation". If the subjects quickl y chose a falsel y flattering image which most did the y genuinel y believed it was reall y how the y looked.Eple y found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there an y evidence that those who self-e呻anced the most (that is, the participants who thought the most positivel y doctored pictures were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact, those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directl y corresponded with those who showed other markers for having higher self-esteem. "I don't think the findings that we have are an y evidence of personal delusion," sa y s Eple y. "It's a reflection simpl y of people generall y thinking well of themselves." If y ou are depressed, y ou won't be self­enhancing.Knowing the results of Eple y's study, it makes sense that man y people hate photographs of themselves viscerally on one level, the y don't even recognise the person in the picture as themselves. Facebook, therefore, is a self-enhancer's paradise, where people can share onl y the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit, st y le, beauty, intellect and lifestyles. It's not that people's profiles are dishonest, sa y s Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison University, "but the y portray an idealised version of themselves."26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologists have found that.[A]our self-ratings are unrealistically high[B]illusory superiority is a baseless effect[C]our need for leadership is unnatural[D]self-enhancing strategies are ineffective27.Visual recognition is believed to be people's.[A]rapid matching[B]conscious choice[C]intuitive response[D]automatic self-defence28.Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to.[A]underestimate their msecuntles[B]b r e 1eve m their attractiveness[C]cover up their depressions[D]oversimplify their illusions29.The word "viscerally" (Line 2, Para.5) is closest in meaning to.[A]instinctively[B]occasionally[C]parti c ul a rly[D]ag g re ss iv ely30.It can be inferred that Facebook is a self-enhancer's paradise because peoplecan[A]present their dishonest profiles[B]define their traditional lifestyles[C]share their intellectual pursuits[D]withhold their unflattering sidesText3The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutel y felt durin g economic downturns and fra g ile recoveries. And y et, it would be a mistake to think we are ri g ht now simpl y experiencin g the painful side of a boom and bust c y cle. Certain jobs have g one awa y for g ood, outmoded b y machines. Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eatin g up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our econom y in wa y s we cannot immediatel y foresee.When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thou g ht to be immune from automation suddenl y become threatened. This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the M achine, b y Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MIT's Center for D i g ital Business.This is a powerful argument, and a scary one. And y et, John Ha g el, author of The Power of Pull and other books, sa y s Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason wh y these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.Ha g el sa y s we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend to be "ti g htl y scripted" and "hi g hl y standardized" ones that leave no room for "individual initiative or creativit y". In short, these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human bein g s. That is how we have put a g iant tar g et sign on the backs of American workers, Ha g el sa y s.It's time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still rel y in g on a very 20th century notion of work, Ha g el sa y s. In our rapidl y chan g in g economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative and exercise their ima g ination "to respond to unexpected events". That is not somethin g machines are g ood at. The y are designed to perform very predictable activities.As Ha g el notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book. We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine. In other words, we need to look at the wa y s in which machines can au g ment human labor rather than replace it. So then the problem is not reall y about technolo gy, but rather, "how do we innovate our institutions and our work practices?"31.According to the first paragraph, economic downturns would.[A]ease the competition of man vs. machine[B]highlight machines'threat to human j obs[C]provoke a painful technological revolution[D]outmode our current economic structure32.The authors of Race Against the M achine argue that.[A]technology is diminishing man's job opportunities[B]automation is accelerating technological development[C]certain jobs will remain intact after automation[D]man will finally win the race against machine33.Hagel argues that jobs in the U.S. are often.[A]performed by innovative minds[B]scripted with an individual style[C]standardized without a clear target[D]designed against human creativity34.According to the last paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed.[A]the predictability of machine behavior in practice[B]the formula for how work is conducted efficiently[C]the ways machines replace human labor in modem times[D]the necessity of human involvement in the workplace3 5. Which of the following could be the most appropriate title for the text?[A]How to Innovate Our Work Practices?[B]Machines Will Replace Human Labor[C]Can We Win the Race Against Machines?[D]E c onomic Downturns Stimulate Innovat10nsText4When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the econom y the focus is usuall y on roads, railwa y s, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned.Wh y is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at con皿unicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure projects, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason is that the issue has alwa y s been so politicall y charged.Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all the time and we are simpl y not b uilding enough new homes.The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunit y for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps to address our urgent housing need.There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibilit y to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five y ears if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP b y 0.6%.Ministers should also look at creating greater certaint y in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund new developments from revenues.But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing£4.5bn programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015, is unlikel y to be extended be y ond then. The Labour party has recentl y announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition's spending plans if it returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikel y to ever return to the era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.While the government's commitment to long-term funding ma y have changed, the very pressing need for more affordable housing is real and is not going away.36.The author believes that the housing sector.[A]has attracted much attention[B]involves certain political factors[C]shoulders too much responsibility[D]has lost its real value in economy37.It can be learned that affordable housing has.[A]increased its home supply[B]offered spending opportunities[C]suffered government biases[D]disappointed the government38. According to Paragraph 5, George Osborne may.39. [A]allow greater government debt for housing[B]stop local authorities from building homes[C]prepare to reduce housing stock debt[D]release a lifted GDP growth forecastIt can be mferred that a stable rental environment would[A]lower the costs of registered providers[B]lessen the impact of government interference[C]contribute to funding new developments[D]relieve the ministers of responsibilities40.The author believes that after 2015, the government may.[A]implement more policies to support housing[B]review the need for large-scale public grants[C]renew the affordable housing grants programme[D]stop generous funding to the housing sectorPartBDirections:Read the followin g text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its correspondin g information in the ri g ht column. There are two extra choices in the ri g ht column. Mark y our answers on the ANSWER SHEERT. (10 points) Emer g in g in the late Sixties and reachin g a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of a ran g e of new forms, includin g Bod y Art, Performance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, which pushed art be y ond the traditional confines of the studio and g allery. Rather than portra y in g landscape, land artists used the ph y sical substance of the land itself as their medium.The British land art, typified b y Richard Lon g's piece, was not onl y more domesticall y scaled, but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart. Indeed, while y ou mi g ht assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist onl y of records of works rather than the works themselves, Lon g's photograph of his work is the work. Since his "action" is in the past, the photograph is its sole embodiment.That mi g ht seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains a lot of black-and-white photographs and relativel y few natural objects.Lon g is Britain's best-known Land Artist and his Stone Circle, a perfect rin g of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the g allery floor, represents the ele g ant, rarefied side of the form. The Bo y le Famil y, on the other hand, stand for its dirty, urban aspect. Comprisin g artists Mark Bo y le and Joan Hills and their children, the y recreated random sections of the British landscape on g allery walls. Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brick-strewn waste ground, is one of the few works here to embrace the commonplaceness that characterises most of our experience of the landscape most of the time.Parks feature, particularl y in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard's very funn y Across the Park, in which a lon g-haired stroller is variousl y smiled at b y a prett y g irl and unwittin g l y assaulted in a sequence of ima g es that tum out to be different parts of the same photograph.Generall y however British land artists preferred to g et away from towns, gravitatin g towards landscapes that are traditionall y considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs. While it probabl y wasn't apparent at the time, much of this work is permeated b y a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readil y understood. Derek Jarman's y ellow-tinted film Towards Avebury, a collection of lon g, mostl y still shots of the Wiltshire landscape, evokes a tradition of En g lish landscape paintin g stretchin g from Samuel Palmer to Paul Nash.In the case of Hamish Fulton, y ou can't help feelin g that the Scottish artist has simpl y found a wa y of makin g his love of walkin g pa y. A typical work, such asSeven Da y s, consists of a single beautiful black-and-white photograph taken on an epic walk, with the mileage and number of da y s taken listed beneath. British Land Art as shown in this well selected, but relativel y modestl y scaled exhibition wasn't about imposing on the landscape, more a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art created passing through. It had its origins in the great outdoors, butthe results were as gallery-bound as the paintings of Turner and Constable.[A]originates from a long walk that the artisttook.41.Stone Circle[B]illustrates a kind of landscape-orientatedlight conceptual art.42.Olaf Street Stud y [C]reminds people of the English landscapepainting tradition.43.Across the Park[D]represents the elegance of the British landart.44.Towards Avebury[E]depicts the ordinary side of the Britishland art.45.Seven Da y s[F]embodies a romantic escape into theScottish outdoors.[G]contains images from different parts of thesame photograph.Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Write y our translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)Most people would define optimism as being endlessl y happ y, with a glass that's perpetuall y half full. But that's exactl y the kind of false cheerfulness that positive ps y chologists wouldn't recommend. "Health y optimism means being in touch with reality," sa y s Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. According to Ben­Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercises. When he feels down—sa y, after giving a bad lecture he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction. He anal y zes the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn't. Finall y, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture reall y doesn't matter.Section IV WritingPartA47.Directions:Suppose you are going to study abroad and share an apartment with John, a local student. Write him an email to1)tell him about your living habits, and2)ask for advice about living there.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" insteadDo not write your address. (10 points)PartB48.Directions:Write an essay based on the fo llowing chart. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart, and2)give your comments.You should write about150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)20 年间中国城镇人口与乡村人口变化图2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题Section I: Use of English (10 points)1 - 5: BACAD6 - 10: ACCDB11-15: ABCDB16-20: DADCBSection II: Reading Comprehension (50 points)21-25: BADBC26-30: ACBAD31-35: BADDC36-40: BCACD41-45: DEGCASection III :Translation (15 Points)大多数人将乐观定义为永远快乐，总觉得杯子里的水还有一半。