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对积极心理学的理解和认识积极心理学（Positive Psychology），是心理学领域的一场革命，也是人类社会发展史中的一个新里程碑，是一门从积极角度研究传统心理学研究的东西的新兴科学。
积极心理学作为一个研究领域的形成，1997年第一次被提出来，以Seligman和Csikzentmihalyi（米哈里·契克森米哈赖）的2000年1月发表的论文《积极心理学导论》为标志。
它采用科学的原则和方法来研究幸福，倡导心理学的积极取向，以研究人类的积极心理品质、关注人类的健康幸福与和谐发展。
积极心理学是美国心理协会前主席、著名心理学家赛里格曼教授正式创立的，可以说，没有赛里格曼就没有积极心理学。
在的美国心理协会年度大会上，赛里格曼指出了20世纪心理学研究中存在的两大问题：其一，心理学在民族和宗教冲突问题上的介入不够；其二，对人的积极品质和积极力量的关注不够。
因此，他认为，这两个方面是21世纪的心理学工作的中心。
而积于极心理学的具体解释，国际积极心理学网站的首页上有明确的解释，“积极心理学是一种以积极品质和积极力量为研究核心，致力于使个体和社会走向繁荣的科学研究。
”积极心理学发展的初期，它为了能够成为独立的学科或心理学流派，曾经试图否认其与人本主义心理学之间的关系，以期进入主流心理学的行列。
但是两者之间的关系是无法轻易撇开的，从两者的理论主张上可以看出：例如，两者有着几乎相同的研究主题，研究人的积极层面，如积极情绪和积极人格（马斯洛称为健康人格）等；积极心理学注重挖掘个体身上本来就有的优秀品质和潜能，而“以当事人为中心”，这是人本主义在心理治疗中坚持的观点，两者有着相似之处，都强调当事人自身的变化。
到了21世纪初以后，积极心理学的研究者才开始承认积极心理学的一个重要发展渊源是人本主义心理学。
积极心理学的诞生，一方面当然有来自心理学自身发展变革的原因，但另一方面也是时代发展的一种必然产物。
从心理学诞生之日起，就肩负着三项重要使命：其一，治疗人的精神或心理疾病；其二，帮助所有人生活的更加充实完善；其三，发掘并培养有非凡能力的人。
第一节课笔记1.幸福课的研究属于积极心理学研究范畴2.重新可能形成一种学习记忆机制，包括学习、理解、记忆、保留，所以休息时间的重要性不可被忽视3.这节课不仅是包括信息还包括transformationinformation:we have a container which is our mindinformation is about taking data,taking science ,taking information and putting it inside the formTransformation: is about taking this form and changing itIn other words,it's not just the information that goes in .It's also the shape,the interpretation,the preception and the focus,and that is determined by the shape of the form.Knowledge is about informationWisdom is about trannformation.4.soul grows more by subtraction than by addition做减法比做加法让灵魂成长的更快本项课程的关键是让人们突破那些枷锁In pursuit of knowledge,everyday something is acquired;in pursuit of wisdom,every day something is dropped.rmation is always better than ignorance,what is wrong is the belief behind the information,the belief that information will change the world6.saying the biggest mistake is not asking the right questions.Asking questions is very important7.what is most personal is most general.8.why positive psychology?(1)the importance of focusing on what works.(2)happiness is not the negation of unhappiness.(3)prevention through cultivating capacity.第二节课：why we should study this course? Reason one questions create reality1 以下是那些孩子共同有的特征。
2004年7月陕西师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)Jul.,2004第33卷第4期Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)Vol.33No.4□心理学研究积极:当代心理学研究的价值核心任 俊, 叶浩生(南京师范大学教育科学学院,江苏南京210097)摘 要:积极心理学是20世纪末最早在西方兴起的一股重要心理学力量,其主要研究人的美德和潜力,以帮助所有人获得幸福为目标。
积极心理学研究范式的出现不仅是对前期消极心理学的反动,也是对消极心理学的一种发展和超越,它在一定意义上体现了当代心理学研究的核心价值。
积极心理学中的“积极”包含的主要内容是:积极是对前期集中于心理问题研究的病理学式心理学的反动;倡导心理学要研究人心理的积极方面;强调用积极的方式对心理问题做出适当的解释,并从中获得积极意义。
关键词:积极心理学;积极;消极心理学中图分类号:B848 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-4283(2004)04-0106-06收稿日期:2004-02-28作者简介:任俊(1966—),男,江苏宜兴人,常州工学院教育系副教授,南京师范大学教育科学学院心理学博士研究生;叶浩生(1955—),男,山东泰安人,南京师范大学教育科学学院教授,博士生导师。
积极心理学(positive ps ychology)是20世纪末最早在西方兴起的一股重要心理学力量。
在2004年出版的《现代心理学史》第8版中,美国心理学史家舒尔兹称积极心理学和进化心理学是当代心理学的最新进展。
[1](Pxvii)积极心理学的创始人是美国当代著名心理学家塞里基曼(Martin E.P.Seligman)①。
什么是积极心理学?谢尔顿(Kennon M.Sheldon)和劳拉·金(Laura King)的定义道出了积极心理学的本质特点:“积极心理学是致力于研究人的发展潜力和美德的科学”[2]。
1.For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk.因为英语是个杀手。
正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。
在其中一部份岛上还有相当多的人利用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。
但是，英语在日常生活中无处不在。
所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。
英语对现存的凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的要挟是如此之大，它们的未来朝不保夕。
2.He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.同时，他以为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的成见密切相关。
I came here in 1992, and started as a computer science concentrator. And then I had a mini epiphany(对事物真谛的顿悟) half way through my sophomore year. I realize that I was in a wonderful place with wonderful students around me, wonderful teachers. I was doing well academically. I was doing well in athletics. I was playing varsity（大学的，大学运动代表队）squash（镇压，粉碎）at the time. I was doing well socially. Everything was going well, except the fact that I was unhappy. And I didn’t understand why. It was then a matter of moments that I decided that I had to find out why and become happier. And that I switched my concentration from computer science to philosophy and psychology with a single question: how can I become happier?But by this time, my self-esteem is short. But still with some resemblance（相似之处）of nonchalance（冷漠的，漠不关心的）I asked, “how different?”Extremely charismatic(充满领袖气质),very cheerful and extrovert（外向的）The head of my PHD programs actually estimated the average academic journal article is read by 7 people.Those important things are not accessible to most people. And this is where positive psychology comes in.The explicit mandate（命令，委托，授权）of positive psychology as well as this class is to create a bridge between Ivory tower and mainstreets. In another words, it is to bring the rigor（严厉，精准，严密）, the substance（实质，物质，主旨）, the empirical（经验主义的）foundation （实证研究）, the science from academia and merge（合并）it with accessibility of the self-help or New Age movement. In the best of both worlds,Two levels: the Academic & AppliedI’v read a lot of research in this area about the importance of quite times.(安静，片刻的寂静)The notion of embracing stillness.Indeed the following study that I think confirms the importance of “time-in”(他们的研究证明了“练习时间”的重要性)，time to look inside.(开始内省的时间)。
积极心理教育1. 什么是积极心理教育积极心理教育（Positive Psychology）是一种心理学派别，强调人类正向品质的发展和提升，包括乐观、勇气、智慧、坚韧、创造力、爱和幸福感等。
它与传统的疾病治疗和问题解决的心理学相比，关注的是健康和幸福的积极方面，旨在提高人的自我意识、自我控制力和自我实现能力，以促进个人和社会的繁荣发展。
2. 积极心理教育的基本原则积极心理教育的基本原则包括：（1）基于科学研究。
积极心理学是一门基于实证研究的学科，它以全面、深入的方式探究人类的优点和优势，以及如何培养和发挥这些优点和优势。
（2）关注正向情感体验。
积极心理学注重建立良好的积极情感体验，这些情感包括喜悦、兴奋、平和、和平和爱等等，这将有益于人们的心理健康和对自己和他人的积极评价。
（3）突出人类优势。
积极心理学研究的是人们的自我潜力和优势，促进个体和集体能力的发展和提升，以创造更好的生活和社会环境。
3. 积极心理教育的实施方法积极心理教育实施的方法包括：（1）建立自我意识。
自我意识是指个体对自己的认知和评价，包括自我定位、自我价值认同、自我效能感、自我满意等方面。
建立积极的自我意识有助于减少消极情绪和行为，提高自我管理和自我控制能力。
（2）拥有积极情感体验。
积极情感体验是指一系列的积极情绪和体验，包括爱、喜悦、安全感、优越感等等。
这些情感体验有助于缓解压力、减轻压力对身体和心理的影响，提高个体的心理素质和幸福感。
（3）开展积极活动。
积极活动是指旨在提高个体积极情感和体验的各种活动，如体育运动、社交活动、音乐欣赏、创造性活动等等。
这些活动有助于增进社交关系、提高自我价值感和自我实现能力，并且可以创造更加充实、多彩和充满意义的生活。
4. 积极心理教育的实施效果积极心理教育实施的效果包括：（1）缓解焦虑和抑郁。
积极心理教育可以帮助人们缓解焦虑和抑郁情绪，促进身心健康，引导个体寻找支持和支持他人。
（2）提高幸福感。
积极心理学是上世纪末首先在美国兴起的一场心理学运动，发起者是美国心理学家赛里格曼。
它倡导人类要用一种积极的心态来对人的许多心理现象和心理问题作出新的解读，并以此来激发每个人自身所固有的某些实际的或潜在的积极品质和积极力量，从而使每个人都能顺利地走向属于自己的幸福彼岸。
积极心理学主张以人的积极力量、善端和美德为研究对象，强调心理学不仅要帮助处于某种“逆境”条件下的人们知道如何求得生存和发展，更要帮助那些处于正常境况下的人们学会怎样建立起高质量的个人生活与社会生活。
对传统主流心理学的一种修正心理学主要面临三项任务：治疗人的精神或心理疾病、帮助普通人获得幸福生活、发掘并培养天才。
但在第二次世界大战以后，由于社会环境的变化和人类医治自己身体和心灵创伤的需要，心理学演变成了一种“矫治”或“修补”式的“类医学”。
二战以后的传统主流心理学最大的成果，是使D SM（心理疾病诊断和统计手册）成为了一种世界性的精神和心理疾病的诊断标准，它包含了340种左右的心理或精神问题的诊断标准及治疗方案。
心理学家们已至少能对其中14种50年前我们还无能为力的心理疾病采取有效的治疗措施。
积极心理学从传统心理学研究生命中最不幸的事件变化到研究生命中最幸福的事件。
它研究三个主题：首先是积极情绪体验。
积极情绪的“扩展—建构”理论认为，个体看起来相对离散的积极情绪有利于增强在某一时刻的思想和行为能力。
积极心理学还对主观幸福感这一积极情绪进行了重点研究，强调人要满意地对待过去、幸福地感受现在和乐观地面对将来。
其次是积极人格特质的研究。
赛里格曼用“解释风格”来对人格进行描述，他把人格分为“乐观型解释风格”和“悲观型解释风格”。
积极心理学具体研究了包括好奇、乐观等在内的24种积极人格特质，认为培养个体具有这些积极人格特质的一条最佳途径是增强个体的积极情绪体验。
再次是积极组织系统的研究。
积极心理学主要研究了怎样建立积极的社会、家庭和学校等系统，从而使人的潜力得到充分发挥的同时也能感受到最充分的幸福。
00008[Martin Seligman演讲：Positive psychology & positive interventions]I'm very grateful to be in China and so grateful for the positive charity that so many of you have shown me and my family. Today's lecture is dedicated to my closet collegue and friend, Chris Peterson, who died exactly one month ago.He was the youngest of all the founders of positive psycholgy. He and I wrote 50 articles and 2 books together and he's irresplacable in positive psychology and in my life. So I dedicate what follows to Chris.我怀着喜悦和感激之情来到中国，感谢你们对我及家人所做的积极和善良的帮助。
我将今天的演讲献给我最好的同事和朋友，克里斯·彼得森。
他于一个月前去世了。
他是积极心理学的几大创始人中最年轻的一位。
他和我一起写了50多篇文章和两本书。
他是无可替代的，无论对于积极心理学这个领域，还是对于我的人生。
所以，我将以下内容献给克里斯。
47'29I begin with an apology. My apology is about my profound ignorance of Chinese culture. Chinese culture has contributed so much to the world and to positive psycholgy, and So what I would try to do today in my proufound ignorance of Chinese culture is to talk about a few ideas that have come from western science that may or may not apply to China today. I will rely on a lot of your creativity to answer if these are(avocable).首先，我要向你们道歉。
Information about positive psychologyPositive psychology is one of the newest branches of psychology to emerge. This particular area of psychology focuses on human prospering. While many other branches of psychology tend to focus on dysfunction and abnormal behavior, positive psychology is centered on helping people become happier.Martin Seligman and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi describe positive psychology in the following way: "We believe that a psychology of positive human functioning will arise that achieves a scientific understanding and effective interventions to build thriving in individuals, families, and communities."Over the last ten years or so, general interest in positive psychology has grown. Today, more and more people are searching for information on how they can become more fulfilled and achieve their full potential. In 2006, Harvard's course on positive psychology became the university's most popular class. In order to understand the field of positive psychology, it is essential to start by learning more about its history, major theories and applications.The History of Positive Psychology"Before World War II, psychology had three distinct missions: curing mental illness, making the lives of all people more productive and fulfilling, and identifying and nurturing high talent," Seligman wrote in 2005. Shortly after WWII, the primary focus of psychology shifted to the first priority: treating abnormal behavior and mental illness. During the 1950s, humanist thinkers such as Carl Rogers,Erich Fromm and Abraham Maslow helped renew interest in the other two areas by developing theories that focused on happiness and the positive aspects of human nature.In 1988, Seligman was elected President of the American Psychological Association and positive psychology became the theme of his term. Today, Seligman is widely viewed as the father of contemporary positive psychology. In 2002, the first International Conference on Positive Psychology was held. In 2009, the first World Congress on Positive Psychology took place in Philadelphia and featured talks by Martin Seligman and Philip Zimbardo.Important People in Positive Psychology∙Martin Seligman∙Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi∙Christopher Peterson∙Carol Dweck∙Daniel Gilbert∙Kennon Sheldon∙Albert Bandura∙ C. R. Snyder∙Philip ZimbardoMajor Topics in Positive PsychologySome of the major topics of interest in positive psychology include:∙Happiness∙Optimism and helplessness∙Mindfulness∙Flow∙Character strengths and virtues∙Hope∙Positive thinking∙ResilienceResearch Findings in Positive PsychologySome of the major findings of positive psychology include:∙People are generally happy.∙Money doesn't necessarily buy well-being; but spending money on other people can make individuals happier.∙Some of the best ways to combat disappointments and setbacks include strong social relationships and character strengths.∙Work can be important to well-being, especially when people are able to engage in work that is purposeful and meaningful.∙While happiness is influenced by genetics, people can learn to be happier by developing optimism, gratitude and altruism.Applications of Positive PsychologyPositive psychology can have a range of real-world applications in areas including education, therapy, self-help, stress management and workplace issues. Using strategies from positive psychology, teachers, coaches, therapists and employers can motivate others and help individuals understand and develop their personal strengths.Understanding Positive PsychologyIn a 2008 article published by Psychology Today, Christopher Peterson, author of A Primer in Positive Psychology and professor at the University of Michigan, notes that it is essential to understand what positive psychology is as well as what it is not. "Positive psychology is ... a call for psychological science and practice to be as concerned with strength aswith weakness; as interested in building the best things in life as in repairing the worst; and as concerned with making the lives of normal people fulfilling as with healing pathology," he writes.He cautions, however, that positive psychology does not involve ignoring the very real problems that people face and that other areas of psychology strive to treat. "The value of positive psychology is to complement and extend the problem-focused psychology that has been dominant for many decades," he explains.ReferencesGable, S. & Haidt, J (2005). What (and Why) is Positive Psychology? Review of General Psychology, 9(2),103–110Goldberg, C. (2006). Harvard's crowded course to happiness. Boston Globe. Found online at/news/local/articles/2006/03/10/harvards_crowded_course_to_happiness/Peterson, C. (2006). A Primer in Positive Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press.Peterson, C. (2008). What Is Positive Psychology, and What Is It Not? Psychology Today. Found online at/blog/the-good-life/200805/what-is-positive-psychology-and-what-is-it-not Seligman, M. E. P. & Csikszenmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55, 5-14.。
