【解析】北京市北京四中2019-2020学年高一学期期中考试英语试题

2023~2024学年北京市第四中学高一下学期期中考试英语试题Pooja Rani entered the boxing area at age 18 all thanks to her coach Sanjay Kumar. However, even with much _______, Pooja felt shy to wear the boxing gloves. She also knew that her father would not approve of her taking up this “violent” sport. But Pooja went after her interest ________ anyway until one day when ________ came to her father – he discovered the truth and stopped her playing the sport. “My father wasn’t fond of boxing because he thought it violent. He didn’t ________ me playing other sports but boxing was a strict no-go zone,” Pooja said. It then took six months of continuous efforts from Pooja and her coach Sanjay to ________ her father to change his attitude. She won the National Youth Boxing Championship in 2009, which pushed her career on an upward path. In 2012, she ________ two silver medals at the Asian Boxing Championship and the Arafura Games. Later, she acquired a gold medal at the South Asian Games in 2016, thus making her________ for the Rio Olympics that year.Unstoppable as she was, her wins came to a pause for some reason. During that time, she was________ by many people. It took her a whole year to get back on track with their assistance. And what a comeback! Pooja returned in an impressive way, winning back-to-back gold medals at the Asian Boxing Championship in 2019 and 2021. This enabled her to be the first woman boxer to________ the title. Given the long and winding road she took to get here, for us, Pooja is ________ the “queen of boxing”.1.A．attention B．guidance C．permission D．encouragement 2.A．in return B．in secret C．in public D．in person3.A．word B．warning C．reward D．praise4.A．leave B．favor C．keep D．mind5.A．convince B．remind C．advise D．force6.A．missed B．bagged C．expected D．targeted7.A．vulnerable B．fluent C．qualified D．allergic8.A．forgotten B．backed C．questioned D．approached9.A．desire B．earn C．deserve D．accept10.A．generally B．mainly C．merely D．trulyWhat is PayQuick?PayQuick is a fast payment service for shopping in the biggest supermarket in UK — Tesco. It allows you to add your credit or debit card details to the app so you can use your smartphone to pay for your shopping with just one scan, which means you can go wallet-free in all UK Tesco stores.What are the benefits?●Collect your Tesco points automatically●Pay for your weekly shopping up to £250●Use PayQuick offline, even with no signal●Track your spending in TescoHowever, only one qualifying deal per week will collect the extra Tesco points. Additional payments in the same week won’t receive extra points. Tesco points will be added to your future Tesco points statement.How to get your PayQuick?Available to new customers who sign up by 3rd March 2024, the PayQuick app can be downloaded from the App Store or our official website. Once you have the app on your phone, register your personal details on the app to get an account. Note that for each customer, only one account is allowed and a family shared account will not be acknowledged. Finally, with all the preparation work done, you’ll be ready to shop using just your phone.Plus, there’s no need to worry about your bank details b eing stored on your phone —they’re all securely protected in our data centers. So not only is it quicker and easier, it’s safer than going shopping with your wallet as well.11. If customers use PayQuick in UK Tesco stores, they can ______.A．purchase things only offlineB．get their Tesco points automaticallyC．keep track of their daily spendingD．pay for their shopping without limit12. Which is NOT a must for PayQuick users?A．To register by 3rd March 2024.B．To download the PayQuick app.C．To bring their phones with them.D．To share the account with their family.13. What is the author’s intention in writing this passage?A．To ensure the safety of PayQuick.B．To stress the importance of PayQuick.C．To popularize the use of PayQuick.D．To illustrate the application of PayQuick.“Are you all right?” the student asked as she passed me in the hallway. I was in the final stretch of last work before writing my essay. The student, who was 4 years behind me in the same Ph.D. program, went on to s ay, “I see people from your group working so much, putting in extra hours, even at night.” It set me thinking a lot.As a first-year Ph.D. student, I was lucky to have kind and understanding advisers. But I felt overwhelming pressure to become a perfect student. I kept finding a million reasons why I was coming into graduate school at a disadvantage compared with my peers. As a student from Colombia, I had been educated at institutions my professors and colleagues had never heard of, I spoke with an accent that was hard to understand, and I was older than most of the people in my cohort.I noticed that most of the people around me seemed to be working all the time. I began to spend many weekday nights and weekends in the lab. But my strategy didn’t work. I crashed from burnout. The tiredness took a toll on my productivity and motivation. During one of many mindless Sundays in the office, I realized I’d fallen into the trap of assuming my colleagues’ work habits were the standard for belonging and being worthy of respect —and it wasn’t sustainable.From then on, I stopped counting the number of work hours I was putting in, leaving space every day for exercising and doing activities that I enjoyed. Eventually, I realized nobody was keeping track of the amount of time I spent in the lab anyway and it wasn’t something I needed to worry about.I noticed that having more time for myself made me more rested and motivated when I went back to work. I continued quietly along this path for years, until that conversation in the hallway. So, when I ran into her again, weeks later, I told her that even though I was feeling a lot of pressure in the final year of my Ph.D., I was putting my mental and physical health first and wasn’t working overtime. I also began to talk with other students about how quality sleep, physical activity, healthy eating, and reasonable work hours were a daily part of my routine.14. What can we learn about the student?A．He spent much time in lab work. B．He had finished the Ph.D. program.C．He was concerned about the author. D．He was putting in extra hours at night. 15. How does the author feel about his work at first?A．Anxious. B．Ambitious. C．Dissatisfied. D．Enthusiastic. 16. Which can replace the underlined phrase “took a toll on” in Para. 3?A．Added fuel to. B．Had a negative impact on.C．Cast new light on. D．Depended too much on.17. What does the author intend to tell us?A．A healthy work-life balance counts.B．A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.C．Fitting in doesn’t mean working overtime.D．Nothing is difficult to the man who will try.Identifying the chemical makeup of pigment (色素) used in ancient documents, paintings, and watercolors is critical to restoring and conserving the precious artworks. However, despite numerous efforts, scientists had been unable to determine the source of folium, a popular blue dye used to color manuscripts (手稿) in Europe during the middle ages — from the 5th to the 15th century. Now, a team of researchers from Portugal has finally uncovered the mysterious ingredient responsible for the gorgeous blueish-purple color that helped bring ancient illustrations and texts to life.The research team began by poring over instructions penned by European dye makers from the 12th, 14th, and 15th centuries. They found what they were seeking in a 15th-century text entitled The Book on How to Make All the Color Paints for Illuminating Books. However, translating the instructions was no easy task. It was written in the now extinct Judaeo-Portuguese language, and though the source of the dye was traced back to a plant, no name was mentioned.However, by piecing together suggestions from the text, the scientists were able to determine that the dye was made from the bluish-green berries of the chrozophora tinctoria plant. After an extensive search, the team found a few varieties of the plant growing along the roadside near the town of Monsaraz in south Portugal.The detailed instructions gave the researchers critical clues — including the best time to pick the berries. “You need to squeeze the fruits, being careful not to break the seeds, and then to put them on linen (亚麻).” The scientist says the detail was important since broken seeds polluted the pigment, producing an inferior quality ink. The dyed linen, which was left to dry, was an efficient way to store and transport the pigment during ancient times. When needed, the artist would simply cut off a piece of the cloth and dip it with water to squeeze out the blue color.Once the key ingredient had been identified, the researchers began to determine the dye’s molecular structure. To their surprise, they found that folium was not like any other known permanent blue dyes —it was an entirely new class of color, one they named chrozophoridin. “Chrozophoridin was used in ancient times to make a beautiful blue dye for painting.” the team wrote in the study. “T hus,we believe that this will not be our final word on this amazing plant and its story and that further discoveries will follow soon.”18. The primary purpose of the study is to ________.A．restore and conserve ancient precious artworksB．determine the substance making up the foliumC．prove the ancient dye-making technique was organicD．identify which class of color folium belongs to19. The underlined phrase “poring over” in the second paragraph means ________.A．discussing publicly B．testing repeatedlyC．passing directly D．reading carefully20. What can be learned about the blue dye folium?A．It was essentially an inferior type of ink.B．It was the only kind made from wild berries.C．It could be carried and used easily.D．It was carefully squeezed from broken seeds.21. The article is mainly about _________.A．how the mystery of a thousand-year-old blue dye was solvedB．why the researchers took the trouble to recreate the dyeC．what needs to be done to make an organic dye from a plantD．when and where the discovery of the dye was madeThe Human Spark“What is civilization?” asked Kenneth Clark 50 years ago in the seminal BBC series on the subject. “I don’t know, and I can’t define it in abstract terms, yet. But I think I can recognize it when I see it, and I’m looking at it now. ”And he turned to gesture behind him, at the soaring Gothic towers and flying buttresses of Notre Dame (巴黎圣母院).It seems inhuman to care more about a building than about people. That the sight of Notre Dame going up in flames has attracted so much more attention than floods in southern Africa which killed over 1,000 arouses understandable feelings of guilt. Yet the widespread, intense grief at the sight of the cathedral’s collapsing steeple is in fact profoundly human – and in a particularly 21st-century way.It is not just the economy that is global today, it is culture too. People wander the world in search not just of jobs and security but also of beauty and history. Familiarity breeds affection. A building onwhose sunny steps you have rested, in front of which you have taken a selfie with your loved one, becomes a warm part of your memories and thus of yourself.This visual age has endowed beauty with new power, and social media have turned great works of art into superstars. Only a few, though, have achieved this status. Just as there is only ever a handful of world-famous actors, so the pantheon of globally recognizable cultural symbols is tiny: the Mona Lisa, Michelangelo’s David, the Taj Mahal, the Great P yramid – and Notre Dame. Disaster, too, is visual. In the 24 hours after the fire started, videos on social media of the burning cathedral were viewed nearly a quarter of a billion times.Yet the emotions the sight aroused were less about the building itself than about what losing it might mean. Notre Dame is an expression of humanity at its collective best. Nobody could look up into that vaulted ceiling without wondering at the genius of the thousands of anonymous craftsmen who, over a century and a half, realized a vision so grand in its structure and so delicate in its detail. Its survival through war and revolution connects the present to the past.The fire also binds people to each other. The outpouring of emotion it has brought forth is proof that we are all in it together. When nationalism is a rising threat, shared sadness makes borders suddenly irrelevant; a love of culture has the power to unite. When extremism divides Muslim from Christian and religious people from non-religious, those of all faiths and none are mourning together.And it will be rebuilt. The morning after the fire, the many Parisians who went to the cathedral to mourn its destruction found comfort instead. Although the spire is gone, the towers are still standing and it seems likely that the whole building can be revived. The effort to rebuild it, like the fire, will bring people together. Within 24 hours, €600m ($677m) had been raised from businesses and rich people, and a rash of crowdfunding campaigns started. A high-resolution laser scan of the building, carried out recently, should help.It will never be the same, but that is as it should be. As Victor Hugo wrote in The Hunchback of Notre Dame, “Great edifices, like great mountains, are the work of centuries. Art is often transformed as it is being made...Time is the architect. The nation is the builder.”22. According to the author, ______.A．we should not care more about a building than we do about peopleB．it’s understandable that the floods in Africa has attracted more attentionC．it’s human for people to feel deeply sorry for the destruction of Notre DameD．people are supposed to feel guilty if they are more concerned about buildings23. In 21st century, what make great works of art even more popular?A．The beauty of art and value of cultureB．People’s search for jobs and sense of securityC．The expression of humanity and amazing craftsmanshipD．The arrival of visual age and popularity of social media24. The author believes that culture ______.A．is an expression of humanity at its collective bestB．arouses emotions and reminds people what they are losingC．brings people together regardless of their nationality and religious beliefD．threatens the outpouring of emotions and makes people’s sadness irrelevant25. Which word can best describe the writer’s attitude towards the rebuilding of Notre Dame?A．Positive B．Negative C．Neutral D．ConcernedArt comes in two main categories: realistic and abstract. Realistic art aims to show real-life scenes, people, and objects exactly as they appear. It involves paying close attention to details, making things look like photographs. 26 . It’s more about expressing feelings, emotions, and ideas.Realistic art is easy to understand. Viewers can easily recognize what is portrayed. Take the Mona Lisa, for example—it’s a realistic painting of a lady with a mysterious smile. 27 , helping us to learn about the past.Unlike realistic art, abstract art is more about being creative. 28 . They use shapes, colors and patterns to express feelings and ideas. Abstract art means different things to different people. Some people enjoy trying to figure out what the artwork conveys.29 . Realistic art needs precision in drawing or sculpting to make things look real. Abstract art requires imagination to use shapes and colors in new ways. Many artists are skilled in both. They create realistic pieces to demonstrate their technical skills and abstract ones to display their creativity.As for personal preference, some people prefer the clear stories of realistic art while others are attracted to the mystery of abstract art, interpreting meanings in the shapes and forms. Together, the two kinds of art make the art world diverse and engaging. 30 .注意：1) 每组多余一个词；2)所填词可能有时态、词性和单复数的变化；3)每词限用一次，每空仅填一个词。

1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．C11．A 12．B 13．B 14．A 15．B16．11 17．Wednesday 18．kitchen 19．detail 20．place单项选择的答案及疑难解析21．B 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．B 26．C 27．D 28．C 29．B 30．A31．A 32．C 33．A 34．D 35．D 36．B 37．C 38．D 39．C 40．A21． B. 句意为：“没能抓住公司提供的机会是不明智的”。

此题考察现在完成时态的用法，从动词的惯用法来讲，”用”provide”符合语意。

Offer 强调主动提供，supply强调连续供应，不符合语意。

22． C . 动名词做主语时谓语动词用单数第三人称，其他三项的动词短语不符合语意。

“benefit”意思是有益于，故选用C.23． B．此题agreement 与动词reach 为被动形式，由was可知为过去相应的时态故选过去完成时。

24． D．此题考察“make sb +宾补”，如宾补为动词应为原形，“feel ”为系动词，故后用形容词“good ”.所以选D。

25． B. 此题考察现在完成进行时的用法，”have (has ) +been +doing “表示动作持续进行，由haven’t decided yet 可知表示未完成。

故选B.26. C. 句意为“使老师们担心的事很多的学生们沉迷于电脑游戏”“be addicted to”为固定搭配意为沉迷于，故选C27. D. 句意为“比起那个时代的大部分的女性，她很幸运”D项符合语意。

“compare to ”与……比较。

28． C 考察“seat oneself ”的用法，此题为过去时态，故选C。

29． B。

此题考察动词词组的用法。

A项意为“代表”B项为“支持”C项为“站起来”D项为“反对”30． A。

参考答案1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．C11．A 12．B 13．B 14．A 15．B16．11 17．Wednesday 18．kitchen 19．detail 20．place单项选择的答案及疑难解析21．B 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．B 26．C 27．D 28．C 29．B 30．A31．A 32．C 33．A 34．D 35．D 36．B 37．C 38．D 39．C 40．A21． B. 句意为：“没能抓住公司提供的机会是不明智的”。

此题考察现在完成时态的用法，从动词的惯用法来讲，”用”provide”符合语意。

Offer 强调主动提供，supply强调连续供应，不符合语意。

22． C . 动名词做主语时谓语动词用单数第三人称，其他三项的动词短语不符合语意。

“benefit”意思是有益于，故选用C.23． B．此题agreement 与动词reach 为被动形式，由was可知为过去相应的时态故选过去完成时。

24． D．此题考察“make sb +宾补”，如宾补为动词应为原形，“feel ”为系动词，故后用形容词“good ”.所以选D。

25． B. 此题考察现在完成进行时的用法，”have (has ) +been +doing “表示动作持续进行，由haven’t decided yet 可知表示未完成。

故选B.26. C. 句意为“使老师们担心的事很多的学生们沉迷于电脑游戏”“be addicted to”为固定搭配意为沉迷于，故选C27. D. 句意为“比起那个时代的大部分的女性，她很幸运”D项符合语意。

“compare to ”与……比较。

28． C 考察“seat oneself ”的用法，此题为过去时态，故选C。

29． B。

此题考察动词词组的用法。

A项意为“代表”B项为“支持”C项为“站起来”D项为“反对”30． A。

2019北京四中高一（上）期中英语第一部分听力（略）第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分50分）第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）认真阅读，完成下列各题。

21. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _______（have ） a look at the sports stars.22. I didn't mean ___________（eat）anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it.23. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.24. Please send us all the information _________ you have about the candidate for the position.25. The boy _________is leaning against the door is our monitor.26. Nowadays, swimming_________ (consider) to be one of the best all-round forms of exercise.27. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts _________(reward) with success in the coming exam.28. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _________(reach) so far by the two sides.29. Last night, I _________(choose) from hundreds of students to attend the opening ceremony.30. My washing machine _________(repair) this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）“Meow, meow, meow,”is what I heard as I walked through the alley. I approached the noise and noticed a tail sticking our from under a piece of wood. Under the wood was a 1 black and white cat. I picked him up and 2 he must be freezing to death. I 3 home with the cat held in my jacket.My new best friend, who soon became known as Little Bit, received his name because he was almost 4 when I held him in my hands. He stood about five inches tall. Little Bit's small size had a great advantage - he 5 perfectly in the pocket of my jacket, which made 6 him everywhere very easy. Any time I was home, he wouldn't leave my 7 . He was always eager to play with me. When I fell asleep at night, he would always 8 up around my head to ensure that I waswarm. Unfortunately, I grew up. My teenage life 9 my relationship with Little Bit. I lived at such a fast pace that I stopped 10 time for him. My free time was spent with my friends instead. I would come in the house on my phone andnot 11 him at all. His meows became an annoyance to me, but it wasn't his 12 that he wanted his best friend back.Time had caused a 13 to Little Bit. His body began 14 down and by the time I realized something was wrong with him, he had already lost his balance. He lay there and looked at me, and 15 this day I still remember the 16 look in his bright green eyes. I took him to the vet (兽医), but there was nothing he could do. The last time I 17 him he wasn't the same tiny cat I had found ten years before. Little Bit filled my arms and he was put to sleep that day.Little Bit's 18 made me realize how much he meant to me. He was always there for me when I needed him. I 19 our last years together and I feel sorry for not always being there for him. I will always 20 the special memories we made.( )1. A. lovely ( )2. A. agreed ( )3. A. left( )4. A. weightless ( )5. A. grew ( )6. A. showing ( )7. A. mind ( )8. A. rise ( )9. A. weakened ( )10. A. making ( )11. A. overlook ( )12. A. desire ( )13. A. fear ( )14. A. dropping ( )15. A. on( )16. A. shameful ( )17. A. helped ( )18. A. illness ( )19. A. regret ( )20. A. treasure B. tinyB. insistedB. stayedB. uselessB. fittedB. keepingB. heartB. standB. fastenedB. losingB. interruptB. purposeB. lossB. tearingB. toB. hatefulB. protectedB. deathB. botherB. admireC. prettyC. realizedC. droveC. breathlessC. playedC. takingC. bodyC. wakeC. deepenedC. wastingC. acknowledgeC. faultC. delayC. calmingC. inC. harmfulC. heldC. sadnessC. confuseC. evaluateD. friendlyD. provedD. hurriedD. hopelessD. existedD. guidingD. sideD. rollD. sharpenedD. gainingD. recognizeD. greedD. concernD. shuttingD. forD. sorrowfulD. curedD. pressureD. dreamD. explore第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A, B,C, D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

2019-2020学年北京市第四中学高三英语期中试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATry one of these amazing destinations on your next vacation.MallorcaOn the popular Spanish island of Mallorca, farmhouse inns focus more on providing isolation and quietness than offering hands-on farming experiences. With millions of visitors staying on the beaches of Mallorca and the other Balearic Islands each summer, a little bit of isolation is a good thing for aloneness-seeking travelers. Mainly located in the hills of inland Mallorca, these inns range from rustic century-old farmhouses to luxury(奢侈的) villas with spas and swimming pools.HawaiiPeople who don't want to dig out their passport but still want their farm adventure can head to the island of Hawaii. The 50th state talks much about the well-developed farm tourism industry that can hold people with different interests. Agritourism choices range from visiting coffee plantations(种植园) in the Big Island's Kona region to exploring the plantations on Maui to staying on farms on the easily reachable island of Oahu. CaliforniaCalifornia is one ofthe best places in the U. S. to enjoy a farm-stay, thanks to the diversity of crops and farms. Small family farms and large farms offer a more hands-on approach to agritourism. Many of them teach small-scale farming techniques and even offer strategies for organic growing. The University of California system, one of the largest state-run higher education systems in the U.S., has a small-farm program that helps growers create agritourism businesses.Philippine IslandsWith diverse conditions on different islands, the Philippine Islands are ideal places for visiting multiple agritourism sites or focusing on one product. Tourists can visit a huge pineapple plantation for a taste of large-scale agriculture, or they could focus on smaller operations such as bee farms, and even small plantations that specialize in growing tropical produce such as dragon fruit.1. What kind of people will choose to go to Mallorca?A. Those who prefer peace of mind.B. Those who like lying on the beach.C. Those who enjoy the luxury of tourism.D. Those who want to experience farming.2. What can people do on the Philippine Islands?A. Live in farmhouses.B. Visit plantations.C. Learn farming techniques.D Take part in a farm program.3. What are the four places in the text famous for?A. Locations.B. Environments.C. Local products.D. Tourism features.BIn ancient times, Chinese used plant leaves or bird feathers as a fan during the summer time. This was the earliest form of the fan. The first real fan was made back in the era of Yao and Shun period thousands of years ago. Since then,Chinese-made fans have become a vital part of Chinese art and culture. At the beginning, the fan functioned as a tool to generate a current of air in the hot weather. Now electric fans such as ceiling fans and other technological breakthroughs have taken the place.Long ago, fans caught the attention of ancient Chinese artists by chance. Thereafter, a unique fan art gradually took shape in the history of Chinese culture. Fan art usually includes Chinese calligraphy, paintings, or poems on the sectors（扇区）. Special skills are needed to write or paint on them.Due to its history and partly because of its unique shape, Chinese would soon develop the tradition of using fans as ornaments（装饰品）. Fans are made in different sizes and different color1 s to meet the needs of each request. Other Chinese ornaments, such as the Chinese knot, the green jade, and the Spring Festival picture, are often combined in each design.The value of fans depends mainly on the materials used and the level of craftsmanship that is involved during the process. Feather, paper, jade, bamboo and silk have all been used as ideal materials to make fans. Ancient Chinese even made iron fans to serve as deadly weapons（武器）in Chinese martial arts. Fans made by famous craftsmen are often characterized by pretty designs and detailed workmanship, and thus become favorites ofcollectors. Fans with masterpiece fine art like calligraphy or paintings are even more valuable.4.What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The origin of fans.B. The materials of fans.C. The popularity of fans.D. The production of fans.5. Why do Chinese use fans as ornaments?A. They are made of valuable materials.B. They reflect the beauty of Chinese culture.C. They convey literature works on the sectors.D. They are often combined with other ornaments.6. Which of the following makes a fan favored by most collectors?A. Its advanced function.B. Its complex character.C. Its artistic handicraft.D. Its various applications.7. What can we infer about the fan from the text?A. Chinese send fans to their friends as gifts.B. Chinese ornaments can meet different requests.C. Traditional fans have lost their functional value.D. The fan plays different roles with the change of time.CJules Verne was born on 8 February1828 inthe French city of Nantes. From an early age, he had a fascination with exploration and discovery. When he was six, his teacher, Madame Sambin, told him stories about her husband, who disappeared while traveling the world on a ship 30 years before. She told her class that he was like Robinson Crusoe, a fictional castaway who lived on a desert island. Verne would later write stories about similar characters.In 1847, Verne was sent by his family to study law at a university in Paris, but he preferred to write novels, poems and plays. After graduating, he realized he wanted to write adventure stories based on science and technology.Thishad never been done before, but Verne was sure that it would be a success. His first story, Five Weeks in a Balloon, was published in September 1862. His career lasted for more than 40 years, during which time he wrote more than 60 gripping stories.To begin with, Verne wrote positive and optimistic books. Many of these were to be his most popular creations. Although some included fantastical elements, they were usually based in scientific fact, making thembelievable. These happy stories weren’t to last. As he got older, Verne became less confident in the idea that science and technology were always good for the planet. His books started to include more scientists who used technology for their own-sometimes evil - purposes. Verne died on 24 March 1905, but new books continued to be published until 1919. These stories were based on ideas Verne had written about while he was still alive, but featured new characters and plots created by his son, Michel.In the 20th century, his books were translated into more than 140 languages and several successful film versions were released. His creations have been recognized as an inspiration for many scientists and inventors. Many of the futuristic ideas from his most popular books have since come true.8. What is the purpose of Paragraph 1?A To show Verne’s discovery.B. To offer the background information of Verne.C. To tell of the adventure of Sambin’s husband.D. To explain how Verne began his writing career.9. What does the underlined word “This” refer to in Paragraph 2:A. Writing novels, poems and plays.B. Studying law.C. Graduating from university.D. Wring adventure stories.10. What can be learned about Verne’s late works?A. They covered happy elements.B. They were unbelievable stories.C. They revealed Verne’s doubt on science.D. They were partly written by Berne’s son.11. Which of the following best describes Verne?A. Talented and productive.B. Popular and caring.C. Optimistic and generous.D. Friendly and honest.DA team of engineers atHarvardUniversity in trying to create the first robotic fly. Designed to do what afly does naturally, the tiny is the size of a fat housefly. Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks."The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of its components is off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own’ said Robert Wood, a Harvard engineering professor.They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly. “The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings hasa number of interdependencies (相互依赖）on the individual components, each of which individually has to perform well, but then has to be matched well to everything it d connected to,” said Wood.While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small, off-board power source, the goal is eventually to equip it with a built-in power source, so that it might someday perform data-gathering work at rescue sites，in farmers’ fields or on the battlefield. "Basically it should be able to take off, land and fly around，” he said.Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect-scale. Yet, the power, sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications.“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions, you know, to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animal，but using these robots instead” he said. "So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day-to-day basis.”12. What is the typical characteristic of the robotic fly?A. It's automatic.B.It's very small.C. It's controllable.D. It's quite powerful.13. We can infer from the passage that the robotic flyer can____ .A. act as a spy planeB. help do farm workC.fly at a very high speedD. answer many scientific questions14. What is Wood's idea about the robotic fly according to the last paragraph?A. It is highly questionable.B. It has wide practical applications.C. It gives scientists interest in flying machines.D. It points to a new direction in studying biology.15. What can be the best title for the passage?A. Harvand's Study in the Field of Insects.B. A Breakthrough in Engineering ScienceC. An Interesting Invention一Robotic FlyD. Robotic Fly一a Copy of Real Life Insect第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年北京四中高一（上）期中英语试卷一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共30.0分）APowerisers The ability to jump two meters in the air may not be something you have thought too much about. And most people have never considered running at 30 kilometers an hour. But just stop for a moment and think about how our new product could change your life.Your daily journey to your place of work is probably a mad dash(冲) for the bus. There is no point in taking your car because there are traffic jams, and anyway the car parks are probably very expensive or, worse still, full. Here is where Powerisers can help. It takes just a couple of minutes to put them on and then you are away, going past others or even jumping over the object which blocks your way.That is the practical use for our product, but then there is sport and exercise. Powerisers are set to be the next extreme sport and the keep-fit tools. You can imagine the 100 meters, the high jump or basketball performed by athletes wearing Powerisers. And what better way to buildyour muscles and keep fit?Our product is very simple. It is powered by a superlight spring, which uses the gravitational (重力的) pull from your body weight and pushes you with superhuman strength. There have been no records of serious injury related to the use of Powerisers, but extreme caution is recommended. We strongly advise the wearing of protective clothing, including at least a helmet(头盔).Powerisers make you feel as if you were walking on the moon. Now we make two different models: Basic and Professional. The Basic model is designed for the occasional users and costsaround﹩500. The Professional model, which is designed for competitive use, has astrongly-made structure and different springs, though that comes at the increased price of﹩800.Our Powerisers are guaranteed for 2 years and will be replaced without question if they fail during that period. That is how confident we are.1.According to the passage, Powerisers can help you ______ .A. get on the busB. jump over blocksC. relax hard musclesD. lift heavy weights2. A helmet is recommended to users to ______ .A. prevent them from being injuredB. provide them with superhuman strengthC. offer them the feeling of walking on the moonD. bring them good results in competitive situations3.What is the author's purpose of writing the passage? ______A. To advertise a sports product.B. To show advantages of taking exercise.C. To explain basic principles of Powerisers.D. To introduce the development of Powerisers.BMy teacher held up a piece of broken glass and asked，"Who broke this window？"Thirty boys tried to think about not only what they had done，but also what our teacher mayhave found out．She seldom became angry，but she was this time．"Oh，"I thought．I was the one who broke the window．It was caused by a naughty throw of a baseball．If I admitted guilt，I would be in a lot of trouble．How would I be able to pay for a big window like that？I didn't even get an allowance．"My father is going to have a fit．"I thought．I didn't want to raise my hand，but some force much stronger than I was pulled it skyward．I told the truth．"I did it．"It was hard enough to say what I had．My teacher took down a book from one of our library shelves and I had never known my teacher to strike a student，but I feared she was going to start with me．"I know how you like bird，"she said as she stood looking down at my guilt-ridden face．"Here is that field guide about birds that you are constantly checking out．It is yours now．It's time we got a new one for the school anyway．You will not be punished as long as you remember that I am not rewarding you for your misdeed，I am rewarding you for your truthfulness．"I couldn't believe it! I wasn't being punished and I was getting my own bird field guide---thevery one that I had been saving up money to buy．All that remains of that day is my memory and the lesson my teacher taught me．That lesson stays with me every day，and it will echo forever．4.From the story，we can learn that the boy ______ ．A. didn't break the window on purposeB. lacked the strength to admit his guiltC. tried to think about what he had doneD. didn't know what the teacher would find out5.If the boy admitted guilt，he thought he would NOT ______ ．A. be punished by the teacherB. make his father angryC. pay for the broken windowD. get a bird field guide6.Which of the following best describes the changes in the boy's feelings？______A. Afraid--Surprised--ThankfulB. Frightened--Amazed--ProudC. Regretful--Guilty--ExcitedD. Nervous--Afraid--Satisfied7.What is the lesson the boy's teacher taught him？______A. Every coin has two sidesB. Honesty is always valuedC. Bad luck never comes aloneD. It's never too late to be carefulCThe next time you attend a social function or go to a place where people meet and interact，take note of the number of people who have adopted the same gestures and posture---the way you sit or stand--of the person with whom they are talking．This "carbon copying" is a means by which one person tells the other that he is in agreement with his ideas and attitudes．By this method，one is non-verbally （非语言的）saying to the other，"As you can see，I think the same as you，so I will copy your posture and gesture．"This unconscious （无意识地）mimicry is quite interesting to observe．Take，for example，the two men standing at the hotel bar．They have mirrored each other's gestures and it is reasonable to assume that they are discussing a topic upon which they have the same thoughts and feelings．If one man uncrosses his arms and legs or stands on the other foot，the other will follow．If one puts his hand in his pocket the other will copy and this mimicry will continue for as long as the two men are in agreement．This copying also occurs among good friends or people of the same social position and it is common to see married couples walk，stand，sit and move in very similar ways．People whoare strangers，however，try hard to avoid holding mutual （1）positions．The significance of carbon copying can be one of the most important non-verbal lessons we can learn，for this is one way that others tell us that they agree with us or like us．It is also a way for us to tell others that we like them，by simply copying their gestures．If an employer wishes to develop immediate friendliness and create a relaxing atmosphere with an employee，he needs to copy the employee's posture to achieve the end．Similarly，an up-and-coming employee may be seen copying his boss's gestures in an attempt to show agreement．Using the knowledge，it is possible to influence a face-to-face encounter （2）by copying the positive gestures and postures of the other person．This has the effect of putting the other person in a receptive and relaxed frame of mind and he can "see" that you understand his point of view．8.What is the best title for the passage？______A. Carbon Copying---Showing AgreementB. Developing Non-verbal CommunicationC. How to avoid Carbon CopyingD. Proper Social Behavior9.What is "carbon copying" according to the passage？______A. To adopt identical gesture of others．B. To repeat what others have said．C. To show agreement with others．D. To mock others．10.In which of the following groups is carbon copying NOT frequently seen？______A. Married couplesB. People not familiar with each other．C. Good friends．D. People of the same social position．11.What should an employer do to created a relaxing atmosphere for an employee？______A. Be polite．B. Avoid copying the employee's gesture．C. Be helpful．D. Copy the gesture of the employee．DSeeds on Ice Close to the North Pole，remote and rocky PlateauMountain in the Norwegian archipelago of Svalbard seems anunlikely spot for any global effort to safeguard agriculture．Inthis cold and deserted environment，no grains，no gardens，notrees can grow．Yet at the end of a 130-meter-long tunnel cut outof solid stone is a room filled with humanity's most precioustreasure，the largest and most diverse seed collection ---more than a half-billion seeds．A quiet rescue mission is under way．With growing evidence that unchecked climate change will seriously affect food production and threaten the diversity of crops around the world，the Svalbard Global Seed Vault represents a major step towards ensuring the preservation of hundreds of thousands of crop varieties．This is a seed collection，but more importantly，it is a collection of the traits found within the seeds：the genes that give one variety resistance to a particular pest and another variety tolerance for hot，dry weather．Few people will ever see or come into contact with the contents of this vault．In sealed boxes，behind multiple locked doors，monitored by electronic security systems，enveloped inbelow-zero temperatures，and surrounded by tons of rock，hundreds of millions of seeds are protected in their mountain fortress．Frozen in such conditions inside the mountain，seeds of most major crops will remain viable for hundreds of years，or longer．Seeds of some are capable of retaining their ability to grow for thousands of years．Everyone can look back now and say that the Seed Vault was a good and obvious idea，and that of course the Norwegian government should have approved and funded it．But back in 2004，when the Seed Vault was proposed，it was viewed as a crazy，impractical，and expensive idea．We knew that nothing would provide a definite guarantee．But we were tired，fed up，and frankly scared of the steady，greater losses of crop diversity．The Seed Vault was built by optimists who wanted to do something to preserve options so that humanity and its crops might be better prepared for change．If it simply resupplied seed gene banks with samples those gene banks had lost，this would repay our efforts．The Seed Vault is about hope and commitment-about what can be done if countries come together and work cooperatively to accomplish something significant，long-lasting，and worthy of who we are and wish to be．12.According to the passage，the Seed Vault is ______ ．A. a tunnel where the collected seeds are displayedB. a stone room that contains the seeds of endangered cropsC. a seed gene bank that stores diverse seeds for future agricultureD. a lab where researchers study how to maintain the diversity of crops13.The underlined word "viable" in Paragraph 3 probably means ______ ．A. matureB. cleanC. aliveD. valuable14.Paragraph 3 mainly tells us ______ ．A. how the seeds are preservedB. where people keep the seedsC. why the seeds are protectedD. what people do to study the seeds15.We can know from the passage that ______ ．A. the Seed Vault offers a solution to climate changeB. most countries took part in rescuing the seed varietiesC. the Seed Vault guarantees to prevent the loss of crop diversityD. many people originally considered building the Seed Vault unwise二、完形填空（本大题共20小题，共30.0分）"Meow，meow，meow，"is what I heard as I walked through the alley．I approached the noise and noticed a tail sticking our from under a piece of wood．Under the wood was a (16) black and white cat．I picked him up and (17) he must be freezing to death．I (18) home with the cat held in my jacket．My new best friend，who soon became known as Little Bit，received his name because he was almost (19) when I held him in my hands．He stood about five inches tall．Little Bit's small size had a great advantage - he (20) perfectly in the pocket of my jacket，which made (21) him everywhere very easy．Any time I was home，he wouldn't leave my (22)．He was always eager to play with me．When I fell asleep at night，he would always (23) up around my head to ensure that I was warm．Unfortunately，I grew up．My teenage life (24) my relationship with Little Bit．I lived at such a fast pace that I stopped (25) time for him．My free time was spent with my friendsinstead．I would come in the house on my phone and not (26) him at all．His meows became an annoyance to me，but it wasn't his (27) that he wanted his best friend back．Time had caused a (28) to Little Bit．His body began (29) down and by the time I realized something was wrong with him，he had already lost his balance．He lay there and looked at me，and (30) this day I still remember the (31) look in his bright green eyes．I took him to the vet （兽医），but there was nothing he could do．The last time I (32) him he wasn't the same tiny cat I had found ten years before．Little Bit filled my arms and he was put to sleep that day．Little Bit's (33) made me realize how much he meant to me．He was always there for me when I needed him．I (34) our last years together and I feel sorry for not always being there for him．I will always (35) the special memories we made．16. A. lovely B. tiny C. pretty D. friendly17. A. agreed B. insisted C. realized D. proved18. A. left B. stayed C. drove D. hurried19. A. weightless B. useless C. breathless D. hopeless20. A. grew B. fitted C. played D. existed21. A. showing B. keeping C. taking D. guiding22. A. mind B. heart C. body D. side23. A. rise B. stand C. wake D. roll24. A. weakened B. fastened C. deepened D. sharpened25. A. making B. losing C. wasting D. gaining26. A. overlook B. interrupt C. acknowledge D. recognize27. A. desire B. purpose C. fault D. greed28. A. fear B. loss C. delay D. concern29. A. dropping B. tearing C. calming D. shutting30. A. on B. to C. in D. for31. A. shameful B. hateful C. harmful D. sorrowful32. A. helped B. protected C. held D. cured33. A. illness B. death C. sadness D. pressure34. A. regret B. bother C. confuse D. dream35. A. treasure B. admire C. evaluate D. explore三、单句语法填空（本大题共1小题，共 2.0分）36.To my delight, I (choose)from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony．四、选词填空-句子（本大题共14小题，共33.0分）37.It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just______（have） a look at the sports stars．38.I didn't mean______（eat） anything，but those apples looked so good that I couldn't help trying one．39.I live next door to a couple______children often make a lot of noise．40.Please send us all the information______ you have about the candidate for the position．41.The boy______is leaning against the door is our monitor．42.Nowadays， swimming______ （consider） to be one of the best all-round forms of exercise．43.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts______（reward） with success in the coming exam．44.Despite the previous rounds of talks， no agreement______（reach） so far by the two sides．45.My washing machine______ （repair） now， so I have to wash my clothes by hand．46.我期待在2020年游览故宫或在那里做志愿者．（look forward to， the Forbidden City）______．47.我奶奶现在会把照片附在电子邮件里了．（capable， attach）______．48.相比于占别人便宜，我们更愿意通过努力工作来获得好处．（prefer…rather than， gain benefit， take advantage of ）______．49.昨天你提醒他给我的朋友们在酒店订三个房间了吗？（remind，book）______．50.Mark发现学英语很有趣，在英语上付出的努力也终会有回报．（find…adj．， pay off）______．五、书面表达（本大题共1小题，共25.0分）51.假设你是中国某高中学生李华．请给你的朋友Mark介绍一个中国节日，包含以下内容：1．节日名字，时间2．节日的习俗3．节日的意义答案和解析1.【答案】【小题1】B 【小题2】A 【小题3】A【解析】【文章大意】本文属于社会文化类的短文阅读。

参考答案1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．C11．A 12．B 13．B 14．A 15．B16．11 17．Wednesday 18．kitchen 19．detail 20．place单项选择的答案及疑难解析21．B 22．C 23．B 24．D 25．B 26．C 27．D 28．C 29．B 30．A31．A 32．C 33．A 34．D 35．D 36．B 37．C 38．D 39．C 40．A21． B. 句意为：“没能抓住公司提供的机会是不明智的”。

此题考察现在完成时态的用法，从动词的惯用法来讲，”用”provide”符合语意。

Offer 强调主动提供，supply强调连续供应，不符合语意。

22． C . 动名词做主语时谓语动词用单数第三人称，其他三项的动词短语不符合语意。

“benefit”意思是有益于，故选用C.23． B．此题agreement 与动词reach 为被动形式，由was可知为过去相应的时态故选过去完成时。

24． D．此题考察“make sb +宾补”，如宾补为动词应为原形，“feel ”为系动词，故后用形容词“good ”.所以选D。

25． B. 此题考察现在完成进行时的用法，”have (has ) +been +doing “表示动作持续进行，由haven’t decided yet 可知表示未完成。

故选B.26. C. 句意为“使老师们担心的事很多的学生们沉迷于电脑游戏”“be addicted to”为固定搭配意为沉迷于，故选C27. D. 句意为“比起那个时代的大部分的女性，她很幸运”D项符合语意。

“compare to ”与……比较。

28． C 考察“seat oneself ”的用法，此题为过去时态，故选C。

29． B。

此题考察动词词组的用法。

A项意为“代表”B项为“支持”C项为“站起来”D项为“反对”30． A。

2019-2020学年北京市第四中学高三英语上学期期中试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALocated besideLake Geneva, the Olympic Museum houses more than 10,000 artificial objects and hours of interactive contents highlighting some of the best moments during the Olympics. Here are some of the museum’s most moving moments.The Olympic ParkThe journey through the Olympic Museum begins in the Olympic Park, an 8,000-square-meter outdoor area in front of the museum overlooking Lake Geneva and theAlps. The park contains artwork and sculptures that show respect to the world of sport.The first Olympic SymbolThe “Olympic Rings” flag was designed by Coubertin in 1913. The rings represent the five continents that participate in the Olympics: Africa, Asia,America,AustraliaandEurope. The six color1 s include at least one color1 that is represented on the flag of every country.The StadiumsThe stadiums that host the Olympic Games are as much of a celebration of design as the games are a celebration of sportsmanship. Guests can explore plans and models of Olympic stadiums’ past and present, including one of the games’ most attractive stadiums, the Bird’s Nest from Beijing 2008 Olympics.The Olympic MedalsHave you ever wondered what an Olympic medal looks like? The Olympic Museum has a room that houses every bronze, silver, and gold medal from every Olympic Games dating back to the first modern Olympics of 1896. Each medal design is a unique representation of the year and location in which the games were held.1.Which moment do you see first when exploring the Olympic Museum?A.The Olympic Park.B.The first Olympic Symbol.C.The Stadiums.D.The Olympic Medals.2.What can you do in the section of The Stadiums?A.Celebrate the glory of a sportsman.B.Meet the designers of the stadiums.C.Explore the future stadiums.D.Enjoy the model of the Bird’s Nest.3.In which column of a newspaper may this text appear?A.Entertainment.B.Science.C.Travel.D.Business.BNASA has flown an aircraft on another planet for the first time. On Monday, April 19, Ingenuity, a 1. 8-kilogram drone (无人机) helicopter, took off from the surface of Mars, flew up about threemeters, then hovered for 40 seconds and took photos above with one of its two cameras. The historic moment was livestreamed on YouTube. “We can now say that human beings have flown a drone helicopter on another planet,” said MiMi Aung, the Ingenuity Mars Helicopter project manager at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, at a press conference. “We, together, flew at Mars, and we, together, now have our Wright brothers moment,” she added, referring to the first powered airplane flight on Earth in 1903.The details: The flight was a significant technical challenge, thanks to Mars' s bone-chilling temperatures (nights can drop down to -130 °F / -90 °C) and its incredibly thin atmosphere — just 1% the density of Earth' s. That meant Ingenuity had to be light, with rotor blades (螺旋桨) that were bigger and faster than would be needed to achieve liftoff on Earth (although the gravity on Mars, which is only about one-third of Earth's, worked in its favor). The flight had originally been scheduled to take place on April 11 but was delayed by software issues.Why it's significant: Beyond being a significantmilestonefor Mars exploration, the flight will also pave the way for engineers to think about new ways to explore other planets. Future drone helicopters could help astronauts by scoping out locations, exploring inaccessible areas, and capturing images. Ingenuity will also help inform the design of Dragonfly, a car-size drone that NASA is planning to send to Saturn's moon Titan in 2027.What's next: In the next few weeks, Ingenuity will conduct four more flights, each lasting up to 90 seconds. Each one is designed to further push the limits of Ingenuity's capabilities. Ingenuity is only designed to last for 30 Martian days, and is expected to stop functioning aroundMay 4. Its final resting place will be in the Jezero Crater as NASA moves on to the main focus of its mission: Getting the Perseverance rover (毅力号火星探测器) to study Mars for evidence of life.4. Why does MiMi Aung mention Wright brothers?A. To honor the historic contribution of Wright brothers.B. To make a comparison between Wright brothers and herself.C. To highlight the importance of Ingenuity's Martian exploration.D. To remind the public of the first powered airplane flight on Earth.5. What caused challenges for Ingenuity designers?A. The delay of software tests.B. The force of gravity on Mars.C. Mars's temperatures and atmosphere.D. Technical difficulty in liftoff on Earth.6. What does the underlined word “milestone” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. A great victory.B. A difficult task.C. A roadside stone.D. A historic event.7. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?A. Mars Drone Helicopter Makes Historic First FlightB. Modern Wright Brothers Moment: Mars ExplorationC. First Drone Helicopter Spots Evidence of Life on MarsD. Ingenuity: Mars Drone Flies to Take Incredible PicturesCThe year 2020 will mark the beginning of the decade of the yold, or the “young old”, as the Japanese call people aged between 65 and 75. The traditional retirement age is 65. One might therefore expect peak retirement. By continuing to work, and staying socially engaged, the yold will change the world, as they have done several times before at different stages of their lives.The yold are more numerous, healthier and wealthier than previous generations of seniors. The yold are busier, too. In short, the yold are not just any group of old people. They are challenging the traditional expectations of the retired as people who wear slippers and look after the grandchildren. That will influence consumer, service and financial markets.The over-60s are one of the fastest-growing groups of customers of the airline business. The yold are vital to the tourism industry because they spend much more, when taking a foreign holiday, than younger adults.But for all this to happen,three big things will have to change, under pressure from the yold themselves. The most important is public attitudes towards older people, and in particular the expectation that the old ought to be putting their feet up and quietly retiring into the background. Then, government policies will have to change, too. The retirement age in many rich countries is still below the age to which many people want to work. The effective retirement age (the age at which people actually leave the workforce) is usually even lower. Third, higher numbers of healthy yold people will require drastic changes in health spending. Most diseases of ageing are bestmetwithprevention and lifestyle changes. But only about 2%~3% of most countries’ health-care spending goes on prevention. That will have to rise, because although the yold will constitute a bulge of comparative health and activity over the next decade, by 2030 they will hit 75 and enter a long period of decline for which few rich countries are ready.8. What kind of people are the yold exactly?A. They are workaholics.B. They are full of energy.C. They enjoy being focused on.D. They like staying socially engaged.9. Why do the yold contribute to tourist industry?A. They like traveling more.B. They have more money.C. They consume more on travel.D. They have much free time.10. What’s the author’s attitude toward health-care spending on prevention?A. Unsatisfied.B. Subjective.C. Neutral.D. Active.11. What does the underlined word “met” in the fourth paragraph mean?A. dealt withB. come acrossC. satisfiedD. experienced.DThe early life of the green sea turtle (海龟) is full of danger. Only one in 1,000 baby sea turtles survive to adulthood (成年). From its home in the sand, it breaks its egg with an egg tooth. Its mother is not there to help it. Instead, it is greeted by crabs, coyotes,and dogs waiting to eat it for dinner. To survive, the baby turtle must hide in the sand until night. Then, it moves slowly to the sea.The small turtle must swim hard to reach the ocean waters. In the sea, it tries hard to find food. It must also keep itself from being food for fish.As dangerous as the sea turtle’s life is in the natural world, its most dangerous enemies are humans. The rubbish left by humans in the ocean causes problems for the small green sea turtle. A little turtle might eat a piece ofplastic (塑料) in the sea. It might also eat oil on the ocean’s surface. Young turtles also get caught in fishing nets. There are laws against hunting sea turtles. Still, many are hunted, both for their meat and for their shells (壳). All of these dangers must be prevented.Sea turtles that do survive to grow into adulthood go through many changes. For example, adult green sea turtles weigh about 500 pounds. They stop eating jellyfish and other meat and eat only plants. And they may plan a trip to go back home again. A mother sea turtle goes back to the beach where she was born. This is the only place where she will lay eggs. Even if it has been forty years since she was a baby, she always knows her way backhome.12. Why do baby turtles move to the sea at night?A. They dislike sunshine.B. They prefer lower temperatures.C. They can find food easily then.D. They need to avoid enemies.13. What does the author think of the young turtles in Paragraph 3?A. Pitiful.B. Careless.C. Interesting.D. Courageous.14. What can we learn about sea turtles?A. They mainly feed on fish and meat.B. They always produce eggs at their birthplaces.C. They can live for around forty years.D. They visit their beach homes several times a year.15. What is the text mainly about?A. The homes of green sea turtles.B. How sea turtles find their food.C. The dangers faced by sea turtles.D. How young turtles become adults.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年北京市第四中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AVail Marriott Mountain ResortVail Winter Weather GuideCovered in grand mountains，flashing lights and snowy pines, Vail is perfect for explorers and people who love adventures alike. Whether skiing down the slopes for the first time or the hundredth, this guide will ensure that you're ready for everything this city has to offer.Best Time to VacationDecember through to March tends to be the best time for those interested in skiing down the slopes in style.Know Before You GoMake the necessary preparations and reservations in advance：• Ski and Snowboard Rentals（租赁）：Don't have your own equipment! Vail Sports rents out a variety of skis and snowboards for all ages and abilities, as well as snow shoes and helmets.• Clothing Rentals：For those not interested in purchasing hundreds of dollars of ski clothing for one vacation. Mountain Threads has a rental program just for you, where you can get mountain necessities like coats, pants and goggles（护目镜）.• Suncream：You might not think about getting sunburn, but it happens to skiers and snowboarders every day.• Difficulty levels：It's important to know what level you're at before jumping on a ski lift and heading up the mountain. Use a free trail map and plan the slopes you're going to ski down ahead of time based on the following levels you'll find up the mountain：• Green Circle：These are the easiest slopes.• Blue Square：These indicate average to medium levels.• Black Diamond：The most advanced slopes. Some mountains will feature double black diamonds, indicating even higher difficulty.While Vail is famous for snow sports, you'll find plenty of other fun things to do once the sun goes down oryou are tired. Explore the rest of our website for more information!1. When is the best time to visit Vail if you like skiing?A. In March, April June and DecemberB. In December, February, April and MarchC. In January, February, March and DecemberD. In September, October, November and December2. Before you go to the Vail Marriott Mountain Resort, you will have to take ________with you.A. helmetsB. gogglesC. suncreamD. a trail map3. What will a skiing beginner who wants to enjoy himself prefer to choose?A. Blue SquareB. Black DiamondC Double Black Diamonds D. Green CircleBAustralia’s Great Barrier Reef has lost 50% of its corals (珊瑚) within 30 years, with climate change a key driver of reef disturbance, a new study has found.Researchers from the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, inQueensland, northeasternAustralia, studied coral communities and theirsize along the length of theGreat Barrier Reefbetween 1995 and 2017, finding all coral populations disappear gradually, they said.Reefs are important to the health of ocean ecosystems — without them, ecosystems break down and ocean life dies.Coral population decreases happened in both shallow and deep water coral species, experts found, but branching and table-shaped corals — which provide habitats for fish — were worst affected by mass bleaching (漂白) events in 2016.Warm ocean temperatures are the main reason of coral bleaching. Bleaching doesn’t kill coral immediately, but if temperatures remain high, eventually the coral will die, destroying a natural habitat for many species of ocean life.“We used to think the Great Barrier Reef is protected by its huge size — but in fact our results show that even the world’s largest and ly well-protected reef system is increasingly destroyed and in decline,” Terry Hughes, an outstanding professor at the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, said.“There is no time to lose — we must sharply decrease greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible,” thereporter warned in the paper, published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society journal.4. What has mainly influenced the coral populations of theGreat Barrier Reef?A. Destroyed habitats.B. Climate change.C. Lack of seafood.D. Bleaching events.5. What can we learn from the passage?A. Many species has been dying out slowly.B. The size of reefs contributes to their protection.C. Ocean ecosystems don’t develop without reefs.D. Bleaching continually disturbs table-shaped corals.6. What attitude does the reporter hold to the present situation of theGreat Barrier Reef?A. Worried.B. Angry.C. Hopeful.D. Surprised.7. What is probably the best title for the passage?A. Climate change damages theGreat Barrier ReefB. The Species of ocean Life Are In DangerC. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Get WorseD. Sea Ecosystems Are In DeclineCGlobal food demand will double by 2050, according to a new projection, and the farming techniques used to meet that unprecedented(空前的) demand will significantly determine how severe the impact is on the environment, researchers said.The study researchers warned that meeting the demand for food would clear more land, increase nitrogen(氮) use and significantly add to carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions.“Agriculture’s greenhouse gas emissions could double by2050 if current trends in global food production continue,” study researcher David Tilman, of theUniversityofMinnesota, said in a statement. “This would be a major problem, since global agriculture already accounts for a third of all greenhouse gas emissions.”The researchers studied various ways in which the increasing food demand could be mentioned. They found that the most environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach would be for more food producers to adopt the nitrogen-efficient “intensive” farming method, which involves the heavy use of labor and the production of more crops per acre.This approach was shown to be more effective than the “extensive” farming currently practiced by many poornations, a method that includes clearing more new land to produce more food.Different farming methods produce significantly different yields, the researchers found — in 2005, the crop yields for the wealthiest nations were more than 300 percent higher than what the poorest nations produced.According to their analysis of the effects of extensive farming, if poorer nations continue using this method, by 2050theywill have cleared an area larger than theUnited States, about 2.5 billion acres. However, if wealthy nations help poorer nations to improve food yields by incorporating(吸收) intensive farming practices, that number could be reduced to half a billion acres.The researchers stress that the environmental effects of meeting future food demand depend on how global agriculture expands and develops.“Our analyses show that we cansave most of the Earth’s remaining ecosystems by helping the poorer nations of the world feed themselves,” Tilman said.8. What is the best title of this passage?A. The World Will Need Double Food by 2050B. Man Will Face the Risk of Lacking Food in the FutureC. Future Farmers Hold Environment’s Fate in Their HandsD. Different Farming Methods Produce Significantly Different Yields9. The character of the extensive farming is ________.A. very cost-effectiveB. to produce more crops per acreC. at cost of more new land to produce more foodD. very environmentally friendly10. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A. poorer nations mainly use the intensive farmingB. wealthy nations mainly use the extensive farmingC. the intensive farming needs less food producersD. the extensive farming has a worse effect on ecosystems11. According to the passage, the underlined word “they” in the 7th paragraph refers to “________”.A. poorer nationsB. the effects of extensive farmingC. wealthy nationsD.future food demandDMany of us in China enjoy adding chilies (辣椒) toour food, but did you know that this spicy vegetable could also be dangerous? A 34-year-oldUSman recently ended up in hospital after eating a Carolina Reaper—the spiciest chili in the world. After taking just a single bite of one, the man suffered from serious headaches in the following few days, reported BBC News.In fact, reports of stomachache and headache caused by eating spicy food are not something unusual. But if chilies are harmful, why is it that human beings are the only animals to eat this vegetable? According to the website Huanqiu, about 600 million Chinese people—almost half of the national population—are chili eaters. So what makes people love chilies so much? The human body reacts to the burning feeling that comes from eating chilies by releasing natural chemicals that “produce a sense of happiness” , noted BBC News.And the benefits go even further than just personal enjoyment. A survey conducted by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences found that the death rate of those who eat spicy food once or twice a week is 10 percent lower than those who eat it less than once a week. The number decreased to 14 percent for those who eat spicy food six to seven times a week. And another study done by theUniversityofVermontcame to a similar conclusion. “The data encourages people to eat more spicy food to improve health and reduce death risk at an early age,” Liu Qi, a nutritionist at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, told BBC News.Chilies have anti-cancer quality and the ability to increase our metabolism (新陈代谢). So, don't worry if you love spicy food. It seems that chilies are actually good for us—except for the Carolina Reaper, perhaps.12. The example of a 34-year-old American is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to prove ________.A. chiliescan be beneficialB. chilies are popular inAmericaC. chilies can be dangerousD. serious headaches can be dangerous13. Eating chilies gives people a sense of happiness by_______.A. decreasing death rateB. releasing natural chemicalsC. curing serious headachesD. providing enough nutrition14. Which of the following statement is TRUE?A. Human are the only animals to eat chilies.B. Stomachache and headaches caused by chilies is something unusual.C. The more chilies you eat, the healthier you are.D. Chilies have anti-cancer quality but it can't increase our metabolism.15. The writer wrote the passage to ________.A. warn people of the dangers of chiliesB. ask people to eat Carolina ReaperC. encourage people to eat more chiliesD. tell people the benefits of chilies第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。