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第一课中东的集市中东的集市仿佛把你带回到了几百年、甚至几千年前的时代。
此时此刻显现在我脑海中的这个中东集市，其入口处是一座古老的砖石结构的哥特式拱门。
你首先要穿过一个赤日耀眼、灼热逼人的大型露天广场，然后走进一个凉爽、幽暗的洞穴。
这市场一直向前延伸，一眼望不到尽头，消失在远处的阴影里。
赶集的人们络绎不绝地进出市场，一些挂着铃铛的小毛驴穿行于这熙熙攘攘的人群中，边走边发出和谐悦耳的叮当叮当的响声。
市场的路面约有十二英尺宽，但每隔几码远就会因为设在路边的小货摊的挤占而变窄；那儿出售的货物各种各样，应有尽有。
你一走进市场，就可以听到摊贩们的叫卖声，赶毛驴的小伙计和脚夫们大着嗓门叫人让道的吆喝声，还有那些想买东西的人们与摊主讨价还价的争吵声。
各种各样的噪声此伏彼起，不绝于耳，简直叫人头晕。
随后，当往市场深处走去时，人口处的喧闹声渐渐消失，眼前便是清静的布市了。
这里的泥土地面，被无数双脚板踩踏得硬邦邦的，人走在上面几乎听不到脚步声了，而拱形的泥砖屋顶和墙壁也难得产生什么回音效果。
布店的店主们一个个都是轻声轻气、慢条斯理的样子；买布的顾客们在这种沉闷压抑的气氛感染下，自然而然地也学着店主们的榜样，变得低声细语起来。
中东集市的特点之一是经销同类商品的店家，为避免相互间的竞争，不是分散在集市各处，而是都集中在一块儿，这样既便于让买主知道上哪儿找他们，同时他们自己也可以紧密地联合起来，结成同盟，以便保护自己不受欺侮和刁难。
例如，在布市上，所有那1些卖衣料、窗帘布、椅套布等的商贩都把货摊一个接一个地排设在马路两边，每一个店铺门面前都摆有一列商品的搁板桌和一些存放货物的货架。
讨价还价是人们习以为常的事。
头戴面纱的妇女们迈着悠闲的步子从一个店铺逛到另一个店铺，一边挑选一边问价；在她们缩小选择围并开始正儿八经杀价之前，往往总要先同店主谈论几句，探探价底。
对于顾客来说，至关重要的一点是，不到最后一刻是不能让店主猜到她心里究竟中意哪样东西、想买哪样东西的。
1984年版高中英语课本第一二三册1984年版高中英语教材第1卷第1课马克思怎样学外语马克思怎样学外语卡尔·马克思出生于德国。
德语是他的母语。
当他还是个年轻人的时候，出于政治原因，他被迫离开了祖国。
他在比利时呆了几年；然后他去了法国。
不久，他不得不重新开始。
1849年，他去了英国，并把伦敦作为他革命工作的基地。
Marx在学校学过一些法语和英语。
当他到达英国时，他发现他的英语太有限了。
他开始努力改进它。
他进步如此之快，以至于不久他就开始为一家美国报纸写英文文章。
事实上，其中一篇文章中他的英语非常好，恩格斯为此给他写了一封信并表扬了他。
马克思回信说，恩格斯的赞扬极大地鼓舞了他。
然而，他继续解释说，他对两件事不太确定——语法和一些习语。
这些信写于1853年。
在随后的几年里，马克思继续学习和使用英语。
当他写他的一部伟大作品《法国内战》时，他已经很好地掌握了这门语言，所以他能够用英语写这本书。
十九世纪七十年代，马克思已经五十多岁了，他发现研究俄罗斯的形势很重要，所以他开始学习俄语。
六个月结束时，他已经学会了阅读俄语文章和报告。
在他的一本书里，马克思就如何学习外语提出了一些建议。
他说当人们学习一门外语时，他们不应该把所有的东西都翻译成他们自己的语言。
如果他们这样做，这表明他们还没有掌握它。
当他们使用外语时，他们应该试着忘掉自己的语言。
如果他们不能做到这一点，何说，他希望两国将进一步加强科技领域的合作。
在家购物吗？不离开家就从图书馆借书？这些想法对你来说可能很奇怪。
但是科学家们正在努力把它们变成现实。
让我们假设我们能在本世纪末参观一个家。
我们将去拜访一个名叫查理·格林的男孩。
他今天早上感觉不舒服。
他的母亲格林夫人想让医生给他看病。
也就是说，她想让医生听他的。
她带了一套电线到查理的房间。
这些电线被称为传感器。
她把一个传感器放在他的嘴里，一个放在他的胸口。
她把另一个放在他的手腕上，一个放在他的额头上。
高级中学课本英语第一册13-14课高级中学课本英语第一册 13-14课转载▼标签：分类：英文资料教育LESSON THIRTEENTHE FOOTPRINTOne day, walking along the sands towards his boat, Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man’s foot. He was terrified at the sight. He looked round, but could see nobody. He listened, but could hear nothing. There were no other marks. Who had made the footprint? Was there someone else on this lonely island? Was it a savage? Crusoe stared at the footprint, full of fear.He hurried home, looking behind from time to time as he went. For some days he stayed in his cave, behind his wall. He was afraid to go out, even for food.But no savages came; and after a time he began to go out again. His dog, which was now very old, became ill and died. This made Crusoe very sad. He now felt even more lonely without his friend, the dog.He often thought about the footmark. Perhaps he had made it himself? He decided to go back and look again. The footprint was still there. He tried his foot in it, but it was much larger than his own. So there must be someone else on the island. Full of fear again, Crusoe returned home.He built another fence round his cave. Now he made holes in the wall and placed his guns in them, pointing outwards.But he still did not feel safe enough. He decided to look for another cave, where he could hide if savages came.He found a good place in the rocks, more than twelve feet high, with a narrow entrance. He stepped into the cave. Suddenly he saw two eyes glaring at him out of the darkness. Was it a man, or a wild animal? He hurried out into the daylight.Crusoe lit a fire and from it took a burning stick. He stepped back into the cave, holding the stick high above his head. He heard a noise, as if someone was breathing. He stopped. Nothing happened. He went farther into the cave.On the ground lay an old sick goat, which had gone into the cave to die. It was the goat’s eyes that he had seen in the darkness. As he looked at it, the goat rolled over and died.Crusoe looked about the cave. The ground and the sides were quite dry. Inside, the top of the cave was nearly twenty feet high. It was a good hiding-place.Crusoe had eleven guns altogether. He brought five of them to his new cave and a great deal of gun-powder. The cave was quite dark inside, so he made some candles to give light.Now he had a safe place if the savages came. Every day he climbed to a high rock near his cave to keep watch. And so the months and years went by.It was autumn, the time for Crusoe to gather his small harvest of corn. Early one morning, before starting work, he climbed up to his lookout.There, on the shore, were nine savages, sitting round a fire. Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island. They seemed to be eating something they had cooked on the fire. Crusoe watched, full of fear.As soon as the savages had gone, Crusoe returned home for two guns. Then he made his way down to the shore. He looked out to sea. The two canoes were almost out of sight.He went towards the fire, which was still smoking. Among the ashes he found bones. They were not the bones of an animal, but of a human being!Crusoe knew that the savages killed their enemies and ate them. He made up his mind to shoot them if they came again. But many months went by and no one visited the island.WORDS AND EXPRESSIONSFootprint n. 脚印，足迹Boat n. 小船；艇；小轮船Crusoe克鲁索（姓）Mark n. 痕迹；记号；商标terrify vt. 使恐怖；恐吓lonely adj. 孤独的；荒凉的island n. 岛；岛状物savage n. 野人；残酷的人 adj.野蛮的；残酷的stare vi & vt. 盯，凝视Stare at 盯着看from time to time不时地cave n. 洞，穴；岩洞after a time过了一段时间footmark n. 脚印，足迹fence n. 篱笆；栅栏outward(s) adv. 向外safe adj. 安全的；平安的rock n. 岩石；大石头narrow adj. 狭窄的step vi. & vt. 走，举步行走n. 脚步；步骤glare vi. 闪耀；瞪眼 n. 眩目的光；瞪眼 glare at向人瞪眼；怒目注视dark adj. 黑暗的darkness n.黑暗daylight n.日光；白天；黎明stick n. 小树枝；棒；棍；（手）杖roll vi. 打滚；滚动roll over 翻滚about prep. 在……周围；在……的各处adv. 周围；到处hiding-place n. 躲藏处；储藏处altogether adv. 完全；总共；总而言之powder n. 粉；粉末 gun-powder n. 火药candle n. 蜡烛gather vt. 聚焦；采集；收（庄稼等）lookout n. 守望，警戒；瞭望台shore n. 岸；滨canoe n. 独木桥make one’s way排除困难前进out of sight 看不见ash n. 灰;（常用复数）灰烬，灰堆bone n. 骨；骨头human being人NOTES TO THE TEXT1. 这篇课文是从英国小说家丹尼尔.笛福（Daniel Defoe, 1660-1731）著的《鲁滨逊漂流记》（Robinson Crusoe）的一个简写本中选取一段。
一、完形填空文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。
文章主要介绍了英国人Rose Oliver一家练习太极，不仅改善了她的健康状况，而且给她带来了更多的好处，她对中西文化交流的贡献为她赢得了许多荣誉。
1. A back injury drove Briton Rose Oliver to tai chi, which led her to her husbandand then took both of them to China. Twenty years ago, Oliver’s back injury ________ her childhood dream of becoming a ballet dancer. But the injury did ________ her totai chi, a martial art typically practiced in slow motion. Her original hope was to improve her ________ ; however, it turned out to bring her more. She later marriedher ________, Rey Nelson, who taught her how to play tai chi, and founded a schoolwith him, teaching the martial art to more than 10,000 students over eight years.In 2000, the couple moved to Shanghai. They taught ________ in universities and happily learnt tai chi under various masters to enhance their skills in playing. After years of practice, Oliver found her occasional ________ had disappeared amazingly.But her greatest pain ________ when her husband died in 2003, leaving her alone to follow their ________ passion for tai chi. She thought of ________. But she finally determined to carry on to honor her husband.With the ________ of her tai chi “family” — the masters and students, Oliver spent her time outside tai chi teaching English as she did before and ________ cultural-exchange events. She founded the Double Dragon Alliance, which enables kung fu masters to teach martial arts to westerners and organizes seminars and events for them to________ Chinese massage, acupuncture, traditional medicine, and calligraphy. Because of her ________ to cultural exchange, Oliver was given the Shanghai Magnolia Award, an award given to foreigners who have made ________ contributions to the city. And she has been officially ________ as a member of the Order of the British Empire by Britain’s Queen Elizabeth — one of the highest honors to a citizen.1.A．realized B．destroyed C．promoted D．decreased2.A．limit B．cheat C．lead D．devote3.A．figure B．appetite C．appearance D．health4.A．instructor B．colleague C．director D．classmate5.A．sports B．language C．music D．art6.A．backaches B．headaches C．toothaches D．stomachaches7.A．strengthened B．faded C．came D．worsened8.A．previous B．separate C．shared D．present9.A．holding on B．standing up C．turning away D．giving up10.A．influence B．support C．education D．agreement11.A．collecting B．attending C．analyzing D．covering12.A．exchange B．experience C．support D．observe13.A．inspiration B．suggestion C．adaptation D．contribution14.A．natural B．professional C．significant D．hopeful15.A．required B．celebrated C．respected D．announced二、阅读选择(阅读理解)文章大意：这是一篇说明文。
Module 1 My First Day at Senior HighMy Name is Li Kang. I live in Shijiazhuang, a city not far from Beijing. It is the capital city of Hebei Province. Today is my first day at Senior High school and I'm writing down my thoughts about it.My new school is very good and I can see why. The teachers are very enthusiastic and friendly and the classrooms are amazing. Every room has a computer with a special screen, almost as big as a cinema screen. The teachers write on the computer, and their words appear on the screen behind them. The screens also show photographs, text and information from websites. They're brilliant! The English class is really interesting. The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms Shen. We're using a new textbook and Ms Shen's method of teaching is nothing like that of the teachers at my Junior High school. She thinks that reading comprehension is important, but we speak a lot in class, too. And we have fun. I don't think I will be bored in Ms Shen's class! Today we introduced ourselves to each other. We did this in groups. Some students were embarrassed at first but everyone was very friendly and it was really nice. Ms Shen gave us instructions and then we worked by ourselves.Ms Shen wants to help us improve our spelling and handwriting. We do this in a fun way, with spelling games and other activities. I like her attitude very much, and the behaviour of the other students shows that they like her, too. There are sixty-five students in my class--more than my previous class in Junior High. Forty-nine of them are girls. In other words, there are three times as many girls as boys. They say that girls are usually more hard-working than boys, but in this class, everyone is hard-working. For our homework tonight, we have to write a description of the street where we live. I'm looking forward to doing it!Module 2 My New TeachersThey say that first impressions are very important. My first impression of Mrs Li was that she was nervous and shy. I think perhaps she was, as it was her first lesson with us. But now, after two weeks, the class really likes working with her. She's kind and patient, and she explains English grammar so clearly that even I can understand it! –She avoids making you feel stupid. I've always hated making mistakes or pronouncing a word incorrectly when I speak English, but Mrs Li just smiles, so that you don't feel completely stupid. I think maybe she goes a bit too slowly for the faster students, but for me it's wonderful. I feel I'm going to make progress with her.I'd guess that Mrs Chen is almost sixty. She's very strict—we don't dare to say a word unless she asks us to. She's also very serious and doesn't smile much. When she asks you to do something, you do it immediately. There are a few students in our class who keep coming to class late but they're always on time for Mrs Chen's lessons. Some of our class don't like her, but most of us really appreciate her because her teaching is so well organised and clear. And a few students even admit liking her. During scientific experiments, she explains exactly what is happening and as a result my work is improving. Physics will never be my favourite lesson, but I think that I'll do well in the exam with Mrs Chen teaching me.Mr Wu's only been teaching us for two weeks and he's already very popular. I think this is because he really enjoys teaching Chinese literature—he loves it, in fact. He's got so much energy, this is one class you do not fall asleep in. He's about 28, I think, and is rather good—looking. He talks loudly and fast, and waves his hands about a lot when he gets excited. He's really amusing and tells jokes whenhe thinks we're getting bored. Even things like compositions and summaries are fun with Mr. Wu. I respect him a lot.Module 3 My First Ride on a TrainMy name is Alice Thompson. I come from Sydney, Australia and I'm 18 years old. Recently I had my first ride on a long-distance train. And what a ride! A friend and I travelled on the famous Ghan train. We got on in Sydney and we got off in Alice Springs, right in the middle of Australia, more than four thousand kilometres away. We spent two days and nights on the train.The train was wonderful and the food was great. We ate great meals cooked by experts! For the first few hundred kilometres of the journey, the scenery was very colourful. There were fields and the soil was dark red. After that, it was desert. The sun shone, there was no wind and there were no clouds in the sky. Suddenly, it looked like a place from another time. We saw abandoned farms which were built more than a hundred years ago.The train was comfortable and the people were nice. During the day, I sat and looked out of the window, and sometimes talked to other passengers. I read books and listened to my Chinese cassettes (I'm studying Chinese at school). One night, at about midnight, I watched the night sky for about an hour. The stars shone like diamonds.Why is the train called the Ghan? A long time ago, Australians needed a way to travel to the middle of the country. They tried riding horses, but the horses didn't like the hot weather and sand. A hundred and fifty years ago, they brought some camels from Afghanistan. Ghan is short for Afghanistan.Camels were much better than horses for travelling a long distance. For many years, trained camels carried food and other supplies, and returned with wool and other products.The Afghans and their camels did this until the 1920s. Then the government built a new railway line, so they didn't need the camels any more. In 1925, they passed a law which allowed people to shoot the animals if they were a problem. In 1935, the police in a town shot 153 camels in one day.Module 4 A Lively City(XL—Xiao Lli JM--John Martin)XL：It’s great to see you again, john.JM：It’s great to see you! It’s been six years since we last saw each other,you know. And this is the first time I’ve visited your hometown.XL：Yes ,I’m so glad you could come .JM：You know ,I have seen quite a lot of china and I’ve visited some beautiful cities ,but this is one of the most attractive places I’ve been to. It’s so lively, and everyone seems so friendly.XL：Yes ,it’s one of the most intreresting cities on the coast,everyone says so.I feel very fortunate living here.And I love living by the seaside.JM：You live in the northwest of Xiamen ,is that right?XL：Yes ,that’s right.JM：What’s the climate like?XL：Pretty hot and wet in the summer,but it can be quite cold in the winter.JM：Sounds Ok to me.There are a lot of tourists around.Don’t they bother you?XL：Yes, they can be a nuisance in the summer because there are so many of them.JM：Oh, look at that huge apartement block!XL：Yes, they’re just completed it.The rent for an apartment there is very high.JM：I believe you! This area’s so modern !XL：Yes, this is the business district.They’ve put up a lot high-rise buildings recently. And there are some great shopping malls.See,we’re just passing one now .My wife’s just bought a beautiful dress from one of the shops there.JM：Maybe I could buy a few presents there.XL：I’ll take you there tomorrow. Now we’re leaving the business district and approaching the harbour. We’re ehtering the western district, the most intererting part of the city .It’s got some really pretty parks…..JM：It seems lovely. Is that Gulangyu Island,just across the water?XL：Yes, it is .It’s a gorgeous island with some really intereting architecture.JM：So they tell me.Do you think we could stop and walk aroud for a while ?XL：Yes, I was just going to do that.We can park over there .A friend’s told me about a nice little fish restaurant near here. Shall we go there for lunch ?JM：That sounds great.I’m starving!Module 6The Internet is the biggest source of information in the world, and it's accessible through a computer . It consists of millions of pages of data.In 1969, DARPA, a U.S. defence organisation, developed a way for all their computers to "talk" to e ach ot-her through the telephone. They created a network of computers called DARPANET. For fift een years, only the U.S. army could use this system of communication. Then in 1984, the U.S. Nati onal Science Foundation (NSF) started the NSFNET network. It then became possible for universiti es to use the system as well. NSFNET became known as the Inter-Network, or "Internet".The World Wide Web (the web) is a computer network that allows computer users to access inform ation from millions of websites via the Internet. At the moment, about 80 percent of web traffic is in English, but this percentage is going down. By 2020, much web traffic could be in Chinese.The World Wide Web was invented in 1991 by an English scientist, Tim Berners-Lee. Berners-Lee b uilt his first computer while he was at university using an old television! He came up with the idea of the World Wide Web in 1989 while he was working in Switzerland.Berners-Lee made it possible for everyone to use the Internet, not just universities and the army. He designed the first "web browser", which allowed computer users to access documents from other computers. From that moment on, the web and the Internet grew. Within five years, the number of Int ernet users rose from 600 000 to 40 million.The Internet has created thousands of millionaires, but Berners-Lee is not one of them. Everyone in the world can access the Internet using his World Wide Web system. He now works as a lecturer at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Boston.Module 5 A Simple Scientific ExperimentBelow is a description of a simple scientific experiment. It shows us how iron reacts with air and with water.Aim: To find out iron rusts (a) in dry air; (b) in water that has no air in it (air-free water); (c) in ordinary water.Apparatus：3 clean iron nails；test tubes；test tube holder；cotton wool；oil；Bunsen burner.Iron in dry airMethod(1)Put some iron nails at the bottom of a test tube.(2)Push some cotton wool down the tube.(3)Leave the tube for one week.ResultAfter one week,the nails have not rusted. ConclusionIron does not rust in dry air. Iron in ordinary waterMethod(1)Half-fill a test tube with water and two or three clean nails.(2)Leave the tube for one week.ResultThe nails rust in the tube with ordinary water. ConclusionIron rusts in ordinary water.Iron in air-free waterMethod(1)Half-fill a test tube with water.(2)Boil the water for three minutes.( This makes sure there is no air in the water. )(3)Put two or three clean nails in the water.(4)Add some oil to the water.This will keep air out of the water.(5)Leave the tube for one week.ResultThe nails do not rust in the tube with air-free water. ConclusionIron does not rust in air-free water.精品文档考试教学资料施工组织设计方案。
Module1我在高中的第一天我叫李康.我住在石家庄，离北京不远的城市。
它是河北省的省会城市.今天是我在高中的第一天，我正在写我的想法吗。
我的新学校很好，我知道为什么。
老师们都很热情友好,教室很棒。
每个房间都有一个特别的电脑屏幕，几乎与电影屏幕一样大。
老师写在电脑上，他们的言语在屏幕上显示出来。
屏幕也显示照片,文字和信息的网站。
他们的辉煌！英语课真的很有趣。
这个非常热情的女老师是沈老师。
我们用的是一本新教材，沈老师的教学方法是不一样的,我初中的老师。
她认为阅读很重要,但我们在课堂上讲也很多,太。
我们玩得很高兴。
我不认为我不会厌烦沈老师的课!今天，我们彼此介绍了自己。
我们是这样做的.有些学生起初很尴尬，但大家都很友好，真是太好了.沈老师给我们指导,然后我们自己做.沈女士想帮助我们改进我们的拼写和书写。
我们做得很有趣,有拼写游戏和其他活动。
我非常喜欢她的态度，其他学生的行为表明，他们喜欢她，太.我班上有六十五个学生-—比我以前上初中。
他们中四十九个女孩.换句话说，这是男生的三倍。
他们说，女孩通常比男生更努力,但在这个班上，每个人都很努力.我们今晚的作业，我们要写一个描述我们居住的街道。
我正期待着做！Module2我的新老师他们说第一印象很重要.我对李老师的第一印象是她很紧张和害羞。
我想她也许是的，因为这是她与我们的第一堂课。
但是现在，两个星期后，全班同学都喜欢上她的课。
她善良又有耐心，她把英语语法解释得很清楚,甚至连我都能明白！—她避免让你感到愚蠢！我总是不愿意犯错误或发音不正确时，我讲英语，但李老师只是笑笑，这样你就不会感到愚蠢！我想也许她太慢了一点的速度更快的学生，但对我来说是美好的！我觉得我要和她一起进步。
我猜，陈太太几乎是六十。
她很严格，我们一句话也不敢说除非她问我们。
她也很严重，不多微笑。
当她叫你做什么，你就马上去做！在我们班有几个学生上课老是迟到但他们总是在时间上陈老师的课！我们班的一些同学不喜欢她，但我们大多数人都很感谢她因为她是如此好的组织和明确的教学。
《全日制普通高级中学英语教科书》（第一册·上）教学目标本套教材是根据《全日制普通高级中学英语教学大纲》并参照国家《英语课程标准》的精神编写的。
在教学目标的设定上，不是单一的语言知识与语言运用能力的目标，而是多元的教学目标，既包括语言知识与语言能力，也包括思想品德、情感态度、学习策略、文化意识, 发展学生自主学习与合作学习的能力，帮助学生形成正确的人生观、世界观和价值观，以及培养教师和学生的创新精神。
本套教材注意促进学生自主学习，帮助他们发现自己的学习特点，不断调整学习方式,指导学生采取各种学习策略，有效地学习和发展。
为了帮助教师采用启发式、创造性教学方式，使学生逐渐成为积极的自主学习者，本套教材采用的教学方法多样化，教学活动形式生动活泼，鼓励学生动脑思考、大胆想象、发挥其创造性，让他们主动参与、自主学习，真正实现以学生为主体。
《全日制普通高级中学英语教科书》（第一册·上）教学目标本套教材是根据《全日制普通高级中学英语教学大纲》并参照国家《英语课程标准》的精神编写的。
在教学目标的设定上，不是单一的语言知识与语言运用能力的目标，而是多元的教学目标，既包括语言知识与语言能力，也包括思想品德、情感态度、学习策略、文化意识, 发展学生自主学习与合作学习的能力，帮助学生形成正确的人生观、世界观和价值观，以及培养教师和学生的创新精神。
本套教材注意促进学生自主学习，帮助他们发现自己的学习特点，不断调整学习方式,指导学生采取各种学习策略，有效地学习和发展。
为了帮助教师采用启发式、创造性教学方式，使学生逐渐成为积极的自主学习者，本套教材采用的教学方法多样化，教学活动形式生动活泼，鼓励学生动脑思考、大胆想象、发挥其创造性，让他们主动参与、自主学习，真正实现以学生为主体。
《全日制普通高级中学英语教科书》（第一册·上）教学内容在教材的框架设计上，本套教材仍采用以话题为主线，功能与结构相结合的途径。
高级英语第一册Unit1（文章结构+课文讲解+课文翻译+课后练习+答案）《高级英语》Advanced English第一册Unit 1The Middle Eastern BazaarTHE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAAR 教学目的及重点难点Aims of teaching1. To comprehend the whole text2. To lean and master the vocabulary and expressions3. To understand the structure of the text4. To appreciate the style and rhetoric of the passage.Important and difficult points1. What is description?2. The comprehension and appreciation of the words describing sound, colour, light, heat, size and smell.3. The appreciation of the words and expressions used for stress and exaggeration.4. Some useful expressions such as to make a point of, it is a point of honour…, and etcBackground informationThis text is taken from Advanced Comprehension and Appreciation Pieces (1962), which was intended for students preparing for the Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency Examination, & for students in the top class of secondary schools or in the first year of a university course.The Middle Eastern BazaarThe Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back hundreds --- even thousands --- of years. The one I am thinking of particularly is entered by a Gothic - arched gateway of aged brick and stone.You pass from the heat and glare of a big, open square into a cool, darkcavern which extends as far as the eye can see, losing itself in the shadowy distance. Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leavingthe bazaar. The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold. The din of the stall-holder; crying their wares, of donkey-boys and porters clearing a way for themselves by shouting vigorously, and of would-be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy.Then as you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the muted cloth-market. The earthen floor, beaten hard by countless feet, deadens the sound of footsteps, and the vaulted mud-brick walls and roof have hardly any sounds to echo. The shop-keepers speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers, overwhelmed by the sepulchral atmosphere, follow suit .One of the peculiarities of the Eastern bazaar is that shopkeepers dealing in the same kind of goods do not scatter themselves over the bazaar, in order to avoid competition, but collect in the same area, so that purchasers can know where to find them, and so that they can form a closely knit guild against injustice or persecution . In the cloth-market, for instance, all the sellers of material for clothes, curtains, chair covers and so on line the roadway on both sides, each open-fronted shop having a trestle trestle table for display and shelves for storage. Bargaining is the order of the cay, and veiled women move at a leisurely pace from shop to shop, selecting, pricing and doing a littlepreliminary bargaining before they narrow down their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down.It is a point of honour with the customer not to let the shopkeeper guess what it is she really likes and wants until the last moment. If he does guess correctly, he will price the item high, and yield little in the bargaining. The seller, on the other hand, makes a point of protesting that the price he is charging is depriving him of all profit, and that he is sacrificing this because of his personal regard for the customer. Bargaining can go on the whole day, or even several days, with the customer coming and going at intervals .One of the most picturesque and impressive parts of the bazaar is the copper-smiths' market. As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear. It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers . In each shop sit the apprentices –boys and youths, some of them incredibly young –hammering away at copper vessels of all shapes and sizes, while the shop-owner instructs, and sometimes takes a hand with a hammer himself. In the background, a tiny apprentice blows a bi-, charcoal fir e with a hugeleather bellows worked by a string attached to his big toe -- the red of the live coals glowing, bright and then dimming rhythmically to the strokes of the bellows.Here you can findbeautiful pots and bowlsengrave with delicate andintricate traditionaldesigns, or the simple,everyday kitchenwareused in this country,pleasing in form, butundecorated and strictlyfunctional. Elsewherethere is the carpet-market,with its profusion of richcolours, varied textures and regional designs -- some bold and simple, others unbelievably detailed and yet harmonious. Then there is the spice-market, with its pungent and exotic smells; and thefood-market, where you can buy everything you need for the most sumptuous dinner, or sit in a tiny restaurant with porters and apprentices and eat your humble bread and cheese. The dye-market, the pottery-market and the carpenters' market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar. Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai , where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, while the great bales of merchandise they have carried hundreds of miles across the desert lie beside them.Perhaps the most unforgettable thing in the bazaar, apart from its general atmosphere, is the place where they make linseed oil. It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room, some thirty feet high and sixty feet square, and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick walls and vaulted roof are only dimly visible. In this cavern are three massive stone wheels, each with a huge pole through its centre as an axle. The pole is attached at the one end to an upright post, around which it can revolve, and at the other to a blind-folded camel, which walks constantly in a circle,providing the motive power to turn the stone wheel. This revolves in a circular stone channel, into which an attendant feeds linseed. The stone wheel crushes it to a pulp, which is then pressed to extract the oil .The camels are the largest and finest I have ever seen, and in superb condition –muscular, massive and stately.The pressing of the linseed pulp to extract the oil is done by a vast ramshackle apparatus of beams and ropes and pulleys which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stonewheels. The machine is operated by one man, who shovels the linseed pulp into a stone vat, climbs up nimbly to a dizzy height to fasten ropes, and then throws his weight on to a great beam made out of a tree trunk to set the ropes and pulleys in motion. Ancient girders girders creak and groan , ropes tighten and then a trickle of oil oozes oozes down a stone runnel into a used petrol can. Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards, taut and protesting, its creaks blending with the squeaking and rumbling of the grinding-wheels and the occasional grunts and sighs of the camels.(from Advanced Comprehension and Appreciation pieces, 1962 )NOTES1) This piece is taken from Advanced Comprehension and Appreciation Pieces, compiled for overseas students by L. A. Hill and D.J. May, published by Oxford University Press, Hong Kong, 1962.2) Middle East: generally referring to the area from Afghanistan to Egypt, including the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, and Asiatic Turkey.3) Gothic: a style of architecture originated in N. France in 11th century, characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, steep, high roofs, etc.4) veiled women: Some Moslems use the veil---more appropriately, the purdah --- to seclude or hide their women from the eyes of strangers.5) caravanserai (caravansary): in the Middle East, a kind of inn with a large central court, where bands of merchants or pilgrims, together with their camels or horses, stay for shelter and refreshmentTHE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAAR 文章结构THE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAARStructural and stylistic analysis&Writing TechniqueSection I: ( paras. 1, 2) General atmosphereTopic Sentence: The Middle Eastern...takes you ...years.ancientness, backwardness, primitivenessharmonious, liveliness, self-sufficient, simple, not sophisticated, active, vigorous, healthySection II (One of the peculiarities) the cloth marketSection III (One of the most picturesque) the coppersmith market and etc.Section IV (Perhaps the most unforgettable) the mill where linseed oil is madeTYPE of Writing: Description: A description is painting a picture in words of a person, place, object, or scene.a description essay is generally developed through sensory details, or the impressions of one’s senses --- sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. The writer generally chooses those that help to bring out the dominant characteristic or outstanding quality of the person or thing described.1. From Macro to Micro2. words appealing to senses: light & heat, sound & movement, and smell & colour.3 nouns, adjectives and even adverbs used as verbs: thread, round, narrow, price, live, tower and dwarf.4. words imitating sounds: onomatopoeia.5. stressful and impressive sentence structures:the one I am thinking of particularly…one of the peculiarities …one of the most picturesque and impressive parts …the most unforgettable thing in the bazaar,…The Middle Eastern Bazaar 课文讲解THE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAARDetailed Study of the Text1. Middle East: Southeast Asia and Northeast Africa,including the Near East and Iran and Afghanistan.Near Ease: the Arabian Peninsula ( Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrein, and Kuwait), Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt and Sudan.1. Middle East: Southeast Asia and Northeast Africa, including the Near East and Iran and Afghanistan.Near Ease: the Arabian Peninsula ( Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrein, and Kuwait), Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt and Sudan.Far East: China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia and East Siberia2. particular: special, single and different from others. When sth. is particular, we mean it is the single or an example of the whole under consideration. the term is clearly opposed to general and that it is a close synonym of "single".Particular is also often used in the sense of special.I have sth. very particular (special) to say to Mr. Clinton.She always took particular (special) notice of me.On this particular (single) day we had to be at school early.I don't like this particular (single) hat, but the others are quite nice.3. Gothic-arched: a type of architecture (see. ALD, church picture)Goth: one of the German tribesArch: a curved top sometimes with a central point resting on 2 supports as above a door.aged: a. [d d]My son is aged 10.When he was aged 6, he went to school.a middle aged coupleb. [d id] ancientHe is aged; her aged grandfathermedicare for the sick & aged4. glare: shining intensely, harshly, uncomfortably, and too strong; in a way unpleasant to the eyes5. cavern: a large deep cave (hollow place in the side of a cliff or hill, or underground), closed roofed place. Here in the text we can see that it is a long, narrow, dark street or workshops and stores with some sort of roof over them.6. losing itself in the shadowy distance: in the farthest distance everything becomes obscure, unclear, or only dimly visible in the dark surroundings.lose: come to be withoutshadow: greater darkness where direct light, esp. sunlight, is blocked by sth.; a dark shapeshadowy: hard to see or know about clearly, not distinct, dimHere shadowy suggests the changing of having and not having light, the shifting of lightness and darkness. There may be some spots of brightness in the dark.7. harmonious:harmony: musical notes combined together in a pleasant sounding waytinkle: to make light metallic soundcf:jingle: light tinkling soundThe rain tinkled on the metal roof.She laughed heartily, a sound as cool as ice tinkling in the glass. to tinkle coins together8. throng: large crowd of people or things, a crowd of people busy doing sth. searching up and down, engaging in some kind of activitycf: crowd: general term, large number of people together, but without order or organization.Crowd basically implies a close gathering and pressing together. The boulevard was crammed with gay, laughing crowds.Throng varies so little in meaning from crowd that the two words are often used interchangeably without loss. Throng sometimes carries the stronger implication of movement and of pushing and the weaker implication of density.Throngs circulating through the streets.The pre-Xmas sale attracted a throng of shoppers.9. thread: make one's way carefully, implies zigzag, roundaboutsThe river threads between the mountains.10. roadway:a. central part used by wheeled traffic, the middle part of aroad where vehicles driveb. a strip of land over which a road passes11. narrow:In the bright sunlight she had to narrow her eyes.The river narrows at this point.They narrowed the search for the missing boy down to five streets near the school.She looked far into the shadowy distance, her eyes narrowed, a hand on the eyebrows to prevent the glare.The aircraft carrier was too big to pass through the narrows (narrow passage between two large stretches of water).12. stall: BrE. a table or small open-fronted shop in a public place, sth. not permanent, often can be put together and taken away, on which wares are set up for sale.13. din: specific word of noise, loud, confused, continuous noise, low roar which can not be distinguished exactly until you get close, often suggests unpleasant. disordered mixture of confusing and disturbing sounds, stress prolonged, deafening, ear-splitting metallic soundsThe children were making so much din that I could not make myself heard.They kicked up such a din at the party.The din stopped when the curtain was raised.the din of the cheerful crowd14. wares (always-pl.) articles offered for sale, usu. not in a shop. The word gives the impression of traditional commodity, items, goods, more likely to be sold in free-markets.to advertise / hawk / peddle one's waresGoods: articles for sale, possessions that can be moved or carried by train, road; not house, land,There is a variety of goods in the shops.goods train / freight train, canned goods, half-finished goods, clearance goods, textile goods, high-quality goodsware: (lit.) articles for sale, usu. not in a shopThe silversmith showed us his wares.The baker travelled round the town selling his wares. kitchenware, tableware, hardware, softwareearthenware, tinware, ironware, silverwarecommodity: an article of trade or commerce, esp. a farm or mineral productWheat is a valuable commodity.Wine is one of the many commodities that France sells abroad.a commodity fairmerchandise: (U.) things for sale, a general term for all the specific goods or wares.The store has the best merchandise in town.We call these goods merchandise.15. would-be: likely, possible, which one wishes to be but is nota would-be musician / football player16. purchase (fml. or tech.) to buyYou buy some eggs, but purchase a house.17. bargain: to talk about the condition of a sale, agreement, or contract18. dizzy: feeling as if everything were turning round , mentally confusedIf you suffer from anaemia, you often feel dizzy.Every night, when my head touches the pillows, I felt a wave ofdizziness.The two-day journey on the bus makes me dizzy.19. penetrate: to enter, pass, cut, or force a way into or through. The word suggests force, a compelling power to make entrance and also resistance in the medium.The bullet can penetrate a wall.The scud missile can penetrate a concrete works of 1 metre thick. Rainwater has penetrated through the roof of my house.20. fade: to lose strength, colour, freshness, etc.fade away: go slowly out of hearing, gradually disappearing The farther you push / force your way into the bazaar, the lower and softer the noise becomes until finally it disappears. Then you arrive at the cloth market where the sound is hardly audible. Colour cloth often fades when it is washed.The light faded as the sun went down.The sound of the footsteps faded away.The noise of the airplane faded away.21. mute:adj.a. silent, without speechThe boy has been mute since birth.b. not pronounced:The word "debt" contains a mute letter.noun:a. a person who cannot speakThe boy was born a deaf mute.( has healthy speech organs but never has heard speech sounds, can be trained to speak) {cf: He is deaf and dumb (unable to speak).}b. an object that makes a musical instrument give softer sound when placed against the strings or in the stream of airverb: to reduce the sound of, to make a sound softer than usualto mute a musical instrumentHere in the text the word "muted" is used to suggest the compelling circumstances, forcing you to lower your sound.22. beaten: (of a path, track, etc.) that is given shape by the feet of those who pass along it, suggesting ancientness, timelessness. The path becomes flat due to the treading of countless people through thousands of years.We followed a well-beaten path through the forest.23. deaden: to cause to lose strength, force, feeling, and brightnessto deaden the painTwo of these pills will deaden the ache.24. measured: steady, careful, slow, suggesting lack ofspeed, paying attention to what to say25. overwhelm: overcome, control completely and usu. suddenlyThe enemy were overwhelmed by superior forces.Sorrow overwhelmed the family.She was overwhelmed with griefThey won an overwhelming victory / majority.26. sepulchral: related to grave, gloomy, dismalsepulchre / er : old and bibl. use, a burial place; a tomb, esp. one cut in rock or built of stone27. follow suit: to do the same as one else has, to play / to deal the cards of the same suits (in poker, there two red suits, and two black suits. They are hearts, diamonds, spades, clubs, jokers, aces, kings, queens and jacks (knaves).When the others went swimming, I followed suit.He went to bed and I followed suit after a few minutes.28. peculiarity: a distinguishing characteristic, special feature, suggesting difference from normal or usual, strangeness. One of his peculiarities is that his two eyes are not the same colour.The large fantail is a peculiarity of the peacock.The peculiarity of her behaviour puzzled everyone.29. deal in: sell and buy, trade inThis merchant deals in silk goods.Most foreign trading companies in West Africa deal in rubber, cocoa and vegetable oils.30. scatter: to cause (a group) to separate widely, to spread widely in all directions as if by throwingThe frightened people scattered about in all directions.One of the special features / characteristics of the M.E. bazaar is that shopkeepers in the same trade always gather together in the same place to do their business.31. knit: to make things to wear by uniting threads into a kind of close network. Here, to unite or join closely32. guild / gild: an association for businessmen or skilled workers who joined together in former times to help one another and to make rules for training new members33. persecution: cruel treatmentpersecute: to treat cruelly, cause to suffer, esp. for religious or political beliefsThe first immigrants came to American mainly because they wanted to avoid religious persecution / after being persecuted for their religious beliefs.be persecuted by sb. for sth.bloody / terrible /relentless persecutionsuffer from / be subjected to political / religious persecution34. line: form rows along35. trestle: wooden beam fixed at each end to a pair of spreading legs, used, usu. in pairs, as a removable support of a table or other flat surface.36. order of the day: the characteristic or dominant feather or activity, the prevailing state of thingsIf sth. is the order of the day, it is very common among a particular group of peopleConfusion became the order of the day in the Iraqi headquarters due to the electronic interference from the Allied forces. Learning from Lei Feng and Jiao Yulu has become the order of the day recently.Jeans and mini-skirts are no longer the order of the day now. During that period, the Gulf War became the order of the day.37. veil: covering of fine net or other material to protect or hidea woman's face38. leisure: time free from work, having plenty of free time, not in a hurry to do sth.39. pace: rate or speed in walking, marching, running or developing40. preliminary: coming before sth. introducing or preparing for sth. more important, preparatoryThere were several preliminary meetings before the general assembly.A physical examination is a preliminary to joining the army.41. beat down: to reduce by argument or other influence, to persuade sb. to reduce a priceThe man asked $5 for the dress, but I beat him down to $4.50.42. a point of honour: sth. considered important for one'sself-respectIt's a point of honour with me to keep my promise = I made it a point of honour to keep my promise.In our country, it is a point of honour with a boy to pay the bill when he is dining with a girl / when he dines a girl; but on the other hand, a western girl would regard it a point of honour (with her) to pay the bill herself.43. make a point of / make it a point to: do sth because one considers it important or necessary, to take particular care of, make extraordinary efforts in, regard or treat as necessaryI always make a point of checking that all the windows are shut before I go out.I always made a point of being on time.I always make a point of remembering my wife's birthday.He made a point of thanking his hostess before he left the party. The rush-hour commute to my job is often nerve-racking, so I make it a point to be a careful and considerate motorist.Some American people make it a point of conscience to have no social distinctions between whites and blacks.44. what it is: used to stressWhat is it she really likes?What is it you do?What is it you really want?45. protest: to express one's disagreement, feeling of unfairnessHere: insist firmly, a firming strongly46. deprive of: take away from, prevent from usingto deprive sb. of political rights / of his power / civil rights The misfortunes almost deprived him of his reason.The accident deprived him of his sight / hearing.47. sacrifice: to give up or lose, esp. for some good purpose or beliefThe ancient Greeks sacrificed lambs or calves before engaging in a battle.(infml) to sell sth. at less than its cost or valueI need the money and I have to sacrifice (on the price of) my car.48. regard: regard, respect, esteem, admire and their corresponding nouns are comparable when they mean a feeling for sb. or sth.Regard is the most colourless as well as the most formal. It usu. requires a modifier to reinforce its meaningI hold her in high / low / the greatest regard.to have a high / low regard for sb's opinion.Steve was not highly regarded in his hometown.It is proper to use respect from junior to senior or inferior to superior. It also implies a considered and carefulevaluation or estimation. Sometimes it suggests recognition of sth. as sacred. He respected their views even though he could not agree with them.to have respect for one's privacy, rights...Esteem implies greater warmth of feeling accompanying a high valuation.Einstein's theory of relativity won for his universal esteem. Admiration and Admire, like esteem, imply a recognition of superiority, but they usually connote more enthusiastic appreciation, and sometimes suggest genuine affection. Sometimes the words stress the personal attractiveness of the object of admiration, and weaken the implication of esteem.I have long felt the deepest esteem for you, and your presentcourageous attitude has added admiration to esteem.regard:to regard sb's wishes / advice / what... (but not sb.)respect:to respect sb.to respect sb.'s courage / opinion /esteem:to esteem sb.to esteem sb. for his honesty / courageadmire:to admire sb.to admire the flowers / sb.' poem49. the customer coming and going at intervals.A customer buys things from a shop; a client get services from a lawyer, a bank or a hairdresser; One who get medical services is a patient and a guest is served in a hotel.at intervals: happening regularly after equal periods of time Trains leave at short intervals.The trees were planted beside the road at 50-meters intervals.50. picturesque: charming or interesting enough to be made into a picture, striking, vivid51. -smith: a worker in metal, a makercopper- / gold- / tin- / black- / gun-smith52. clash: a noisy, usu. metallic sound of collisionswords clashThe dustbins clashed as the men emptied them.bang: to hit violently, to make a loud noiseThe door banged open / shut.He banged the window shut.53. impinge on (upon): to strike or dash esp. with a sharpcollisionI heard the rain impinge upon the earth.The strong light impinge on his eyes.The noise of the aeroplane overhead impinged on our ears.to have effect onThe need to see that justice is done impinges on every decision made in the courts.54. distinct: clearly seen, heard, understood, etc. plane, noticeable, and distinguishable to the eye or ear or mind Anything clearly noticed is distinctThere is a distinct smell of beer in this room.A thing or quality that is clearly different from others of its kind is distinctive or distinct fromBeer has a very distinctive smell. It is quite distinct from the smell of wine.55. round:Please round your lips to say "oo".Stones rounded by the action of water are called cobbles.The ship rounded the cape / the tip of the peninsula.56. burnish: to polish, esp. metal, usu. with sth. hard and smooth, polish by friction, make smooth and shiny57. brazier: open metal framework like a basket, usu. on leg, for holding a charcoal or coal fire (see picture in ALD)58. youth: often derog. a young person, esp. a young malea group of youthsthe friends of my youthcollective noun: the youth (young men and women) of the nation59. incredible: This word comes from credit, which means belief, trust, and faithcredit cardWe place full credit in the government's ability.We gave credit to his story.credible: deserving or worthy of belief, trustworthyIs the witness's story credible?After this latest affair he hardly seems credible as a politician. incredible: too strange to be believed, unbelievable60. hammer away at:away: continuously, constantlySo little Hans worked away in his garden.He was laughing (grumbling) away all afternoon.61. vessel:a. usu. round container, such as a glass, pot, bottle, bucket or barrel, used for holding liquidsb. (fml) a ship or large boatc. a tube that carries blood or other liquid through the body, or plant juice through a plant: blood vessel62. bellows: an instrument for blowing air into a fire to make it burn quickly63. the red of the live...The light of the burning coal becomes alternately bright and dim (by turns, one follows the other) as the coal burns and dies down, burns again, along with the repeated movements of the bellows.64. glow: send out brightness or warmth, heat or light without flame or smokeWhen you draws a deep mouthful, the cigarette tip glows.65. rhythmically: happening at regular periods of time, alternately; by turns66. stroke: single movement, which is repeated (esp. in a。
1984年版高中英语课本第一册LESSON 1 HOW MARX LEARNED FOREIGN LANGUAGES马克思怎样学习外语Karl Marx was born in Germany, and German was his native language. When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons. He stayed in Belgium for a few years; then he went to France. Before long he had to move on again. In 1849, he went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.Marx had learned some French and English at school. When he got to England, he found that his English was too limited. He started working hard to improve it. He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English for an American newspaper. In fact, his English in one of these articles was so good that Engels wrote him a letter and praised him for it. Marx wrote back to say that Engels' praise had greatly encouraged him. However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about two things -- the grammar and some ofthe idioms.These letters were written in 1853. In the years that followed, Marx kept on studying English and using it. When he wrote one of his great works, The Civil War in France, he had mastered the language so well that he was able to write the book in English.In the 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Russia, so he began to learn Russian. At the end of six months he had learned enough to read articles and reports in Russian.In one of his books, Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language. He said when people are learning a foreign language, they should not translate everything into their own language. If they do this, it shows they have not mastered it. When they used the foreign language, they should try to forget all about their own. If they cannot do this, they have not really learned the spirit of the foreign language and cannot use it freely.LESSON 2 AT HOME IN THE FUTURE未来的家A medical examination without a doctor or nurse in the room Doing shopping at home Borrowing books from the library without leaving your homeThese ideas may seem strange to you. But scientists are working hard to turn them into realities.Let us suppose we can visit a home at the end of this century. We will visit a boy named Charlie Green. He is not feeling well this morning. His mother, Mrs Green, wants the doctor to see him. That is, she wants the doctor to listen to him. She brings a set of wires to Charlie's room. These wires are called sensors. She places one sensor in his mouth and one on his chest. She puts another one around his wrist and one on his forehead. Then she plugs the sensors into a wall outlet. She says the code "TCP". This means "telephone call placed." A little light flashes on the wall. The Green's wireless telephone is ready for a call. Mrs Green says "2478", the doctor's telephone number. From a speaker on the wall comes the doctor's voice: "Good morning." "Good morning, Dr Scott," answers Mrs Green. "Charlie isn'tfeeling too well this morning. I've put the sensors on him. I wonder if you can examine him now.""Sure," the doctor's voice says. "Well, he doesn't have a fever. And his pulse is fine. Now, breathe deeply, Charlie." Charlie does so."Just a little cold," says the doctor. "Better stay inside today, Charlie. And take it easy.""Thank you, Doctor," says Mrs Green. "TCC (telephone call completed)." The light on the wall turns off. The phone call and the examination are finished."Charlie," says Mrs Green," since you have to stay at home, why don't you do some shopping You can pick out your new bicycle. After all, your birthday is only two weeks away.""Great," Charlie answers.Charlie and his mother sit in front of one of the visionphones. There are several in their house."TCP," says Charlie. The word ready appears on the screen of the visionphone."New Forest Bicycle Shop," a voice says. "May I help you" Charlie answers, "I'd like to see your ten-speed bicycles." In the next few minutes, pictures of many models of the bicycles are flashed on the creen. The price of each model is also shown.Then the voice asks, "Are you interested in any of these models""Yes, I'm interested in model 6.""Do you wish to place an order at this time""Not just yet," answers Mrs Green. "My son's birthday is in two weeks' time. Thank you. TCC."The visionphone shuts off.Such would be our home in the future.LESSON 3 THE BLIND MEN AND THE ELEPHANT盲人和象Once upon a time there were six blind men who lived in a village in India. Every day they went to the road nearby and stood there begging. They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one, for , being blind, how could they One morning an elephant was led down the road where they stood. When they heard that an elephant was passing by, they asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have a "look".Of course they could not look at him with their eyes, but they thought they might learn what kind of animal he was by touching and feeling him. For, you see, they trust their own sense of touch very much.The first blind man happened to place his hand on the elephant's side. "Well, well, " he said. "This beast is exactly like a wall."The second grasped one of the elephant's tusks and felt it. "You're quite mistaken," he said. "He's round and smooth and sharp. He's more like a spear than anything else."The third happened to take hold of the elephant's trunk. "You're both completely wrong," he said. "This elephant is likea snake, as anybody can see."The fourth opened both his arms the closed them around one of the elephant's legs. "Oh, how blind you are!" he cried. "It's very clear that he's round and tall like a tree."The fifth was a very tall man, and he caught one of the elephant's ears. "Even the blindest person must see that this elephant isn't like any of the things you name." he siad. "He's exactly like a huge fan."The sixth man went forward to feel the elephant. He was old and slow and it took him quite some time to find the elephant at all. At last he got hold of the beast's tail. "Oh, how silly you all are!" cried he. "The elephant isn't like a wall, or a spear, or a snake, or a tree; neither is he like a fan. Any man with eyes in his head can see that he's exactly like a rope."Then the driver and the elephant moved on, and the six men sat by the roadside all day, quarrelling about the elephant. They could not agree with one another, because each believed that he knew just what the beast looked like.It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.LESSON 4 GALILEO AND ARISTOTLE伽利略和亚里斯多德About 2300 years ago, there lived in Greece a great thinker named Aristotle. He observed that feathers fell to the ground slowly, while stones fell much faster. He thought it over carefully and concluded that heavy objects always fell faster than light ones. His conclusion certainly sounded reasonale. But we now know that it is not true.In those days people seldom did experiments to test their ideas. When they observed anything that happened, they thought about it and then drew a conclusion. Once Aristotle made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students. And because he was Aristotle, the great thinker, no one questioned his idea for almost 2000 years.Then, almost 400 years ago, an Italian scientist named Galileo began to question Aristotle's theory of falling objects. He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotlesaid so. He decided to do some experiments to test Aristotle's theory.Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high. From the top of the tower Galileo dropped a light ball and a heavy ball at exactly the same time. They both fell at about the same speed and hit the ground together. He tried the experiments again and again. Every time he got the same result. At last, he decided that he had found the truth about falling objects. As we know now, heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed unless air holds them back. A feather falls slower than a stone only because the air holds the feather back more than it does the stone.When Galileo told people of his discovery, no one would belive him. But Galileo was not discouraged. He went on doing experiments to test the truth of other old ideas. He built a telescope through which he could study the skies. He collected facts that proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.Today we praise Galileo and call him one of the founders of modern science. He observed things carefully and never took anything for granted. Instead, he did experiments to test andprove an idea before he was ready to accept it.An experiment was done on the moon in July, 1971. One of the US astronauts who made the first deep space walk on the moon dropped a hammer and a feather together. They both landed on the surface of the moon at the same time. This experiment proved that Galileo's theory of falling objects is true.LESSON 5 THE LOST NECKLACE丢失的项链Place: a park in ParisTime: a summer afternoon in 1870People: Mathilde Loisel, wifePierre Loisel, husbandJeanne Forrestier, their friend(Jeanne is sitting in the park. Mathilde walks towards her, she stops and speaks to Jeanne.)Mathilde: Good afternoon, Jeanne.Jeanne: (Looking at the other woman) I'm sorry, but I don't think I know you.Mathilde: No, you wouldn't, but many years ago you knew me well. I'm Mathilde Loisel.Jeanne: Mathilde! My old school friend. Is it possible But yes, of course it is. Now I remember. Where have you been all these years, Mathilde I hope you weren't ill.Mathilde: No, Jeanne, I wasn't ill. You see here an old woman. But it's because of hard work - ten years of hard work. Jeanne: But I don't understand, Mathilde. There's only one year between us; I'm thirty-five and you're thirty-four. Can hard work change a person that muchMathilde: Yes, it can. Years of hard work, little food, only a cold room to live in and never, never a moment to rest. That has been my life for these past ten years.Jeanne: Mathilde! I didin't know. I'm sorry. But what happenedMathilde: Well, I would rather not tell you.Jeanne: Oh, come, Mathilde .Surely you can tell an old friend.Mathilde: Well, ... Well, it was all necause of that necklace. Your necklace.Jeanne: My necklaceMathilde: Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklaceJeanne: Let me think. Ten years ago... Oh, yes, I remember. You were going to the palace with your husband, I think. Mathilde: Right. Pierre was working in a govenrment office, and for the first time in our lives we were invited to an important ball.(The scene changed to that evening in the home of Pierre and Mathilde Loisel.)Pierre: Yes, Mathilde, we're going to the ball, the palace ball!Mathilde: I can't believe it!Piere: But it's true.Mathilde: Oh, Piere, how wonderful! But I haven't got a dress for the ball!Pierre； What does a new evening dress costMathilde: Mathilde: About four hundred francs.Pierre: Four hundred! That's a lot of money. But perhaps, just this once, we'll use what we have to get a new dress for you. This ball is very important to me. I was the only person in my office who was invited.Mathilde: Thank you, Pierre, you're so kind. Oh, but there's one other thing...Pierre: What is it, MathildeMathlde: I ... I have no jewelry.Pierre: Jewelry Do you need jewelry Why not just a flower Mathilde: To go to the palace with just a flower is to say "I'm poor. I haven't got any jewelry."Pierre: Can't you borrow some jewelry from a friend, MathildeMathilde: Which friend My friends are all poor, too. Pierre: Let me think. How about Jeanne She married well. Perhaps she has some.Mathilde: Ah, yes, Jeanne. She married a man with a lot of money. I'll go and see her on Friday, after I get the new dress. Pierre: I'm sure she has something you can borrow. (The scene changes back to the park. Mathilde continues to tell Jeanne her story.)Mathilde: One Friday I came to see you, Jeanne. Remember Jeanne: Yes, Mathilde, I remember.Mathilde: You were very kind. You brought out your jewelry and told me to take anything I wanted.Jeanne: (Smiling) You were like a little girl. Your eyes became so big.Mathilde: There were so many things and they were all beautiful. It was hard to choose.Jeanne: Until you saw the diamond necklace.Mathlde: Yes, and then I knew I wanted to borrow the necklace. I didn't want anything else, only the necklace. Jeanne: I'm sure you looked beautiful that evening, Mathilde. You were always a very pretty girl.Mathilde: Perhaps in those days I was, but everything changed after that night at the palace.Jeanne: Didn't you have a good time at that ball Mathilde: Yes, a very good time, but that was the last time... the last happy evening for the next ten years. Jeanne: But why, MathildeMathilde: On the way home I looked down at my dress and saw that the necklace was gone. I told Pierre. We returned to the palace and looked in every room, but couldn't find it. I never saw your necklace again, Jeanne.Jeanne: But Mathilde, you brought it back to me the next afternoon. I remember very well.Mathilde: Yes, Jeanne, I brought a necklace to you. It was exactly like your necklace but it was a different one. I hopeit was as good as the one you lent me. It cost us thirty-six thousand francs.Jeanne: Thirty-six thousand!Mathilde: Yes, Pierre and I brrowed the money and bought it. During the next ten years we both worked night and day to pay for it. That is why you see this old woman before you now, Jeanne. Well, after all these years we've paid off all our debts. Jeanne: But Mathilde, my dear friend, that wasn't a real diamond necklace you borrowed from me. It was made of glass. It was worth five hundred francs at the most.LESSON 6 ABRAHAM LINCOLN亚伯拉罕·林肯Abraham Lincoln, the son of a poor family, was born in Kentucky on February 12, 1809. He spent his childhood in hard work, helping his father on their small farm. His mother, who he loved dearly, died in 1818. Happily for him, his father' s second wife was kind to him too. When she saw that Abraham likedreading, she did all she could to help him. But the family was poor and the boy could not get many books. Abraham Lincoln later said himself that he only went to school a little now and little then. His whole school education added up to no more than one year.As a young man he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster. He studied law in his spare time and became a lawyer. He was active in politics and strongly against slavery. In all his political life, he thought of building a free state for all the people.In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States. Then he worked still harder for freedom for the slaves. Soon the Southern states rebelled. They set up a state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. Lincoln said that it was not right for the south to break away from the Union. Fighting broke out between the North and the South. This was the American Civil War. The war lasted four years before the North won in the end. The nation was reunioned and the slaves were set free.In 1864, Lincoln was elected President of the United States for the second time. But his enemies, the slave owners in theSouth and the bankers in big cities, who had grown rich on the work of the slaves, could not let Lincoln continue his work. He, who led the United States through these years, was shot on April 14, 1865, at a theatre in Washington, . and died early the next morning. The whole nation was in deep sorrow at this news, for the people had come to love him as an inspiring leader, and a wise, warm-hearted, honest man.About seventeen months before his death, at the opening of a memorial to the many men who lost their lives fighting for the freedom of the Negroes, Abraham Lincoln told his people that the living must finish the work of those dead; that they must fight for freedom for all-Negroes and whites; that America must strengthen government of the people, by the people and for the people.Today, Abraham Lincoln is regarded as one of the greatest of all American presidents.LESSON 7 THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHES皇帝的新装Many years ago there lived an Emperor, who cared more for fine new clothes than for anything else. He had different clothes for every hour of the day.One day two cheats camt to see the Emperor. They called themselves weavers and said that they knew how to weave cloth of the most beautiful colors and designs in the world. They also said that the most interesting thing about the cloth was that clothes made of it would be invisible to anyone who was either stupid or unfit for his office."Ah, what splendid clothes!" thought the Emperor. "They are just what I shall have. When I put them on, I shall be able to find out which men in my empire are unfit for their offices. And I shall be able to tell who are wise and who are foolish. This cloth must be woven for me right away."The Emperor gave the cheats some gold in order that they might begin their work at once.So the two men set up two looms and pretended to be working very hard. They asked for the most beautiful silk and the best gold thread. This they kept for themselves. And then they went on with their work at the empty looms until late into the night.After some time had passed, the Emperor said to himself, "I wonder how the weavers are getting along with my cloth." Then he remembered that those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth. Though he believed that he ought to have nothing to fear for himself, he wanted someone else to look at the cloth first.The Emperor thought a while and decided to send his old Prime Minister to see the cloth. He thought the Prime Minister a wise, honest man who was more fit for his office than anyone else.So the old Prinme Minister went into the hall where the cheats were working at the empty looms."God save me!" thought the old man, opening his eyes very wide. "I can't see anything at all." But he was careful not to say so.The men who were pretending to weave asked him to come closer. They pointed to the empty looms and asked him if he liked the design and the colors.The poor old Prime Minister opend his eyes wid wider, but he could see nothing on the looms."Dear me," he said to himself, "Am I foolish or unfit for my office I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.""Oh! it's most beautiful!" said the Prime Minister quickly. "The design and the colors! I will tell the Emperor how wonderful they are."The Emperor was pleased by what the Prime Minister told him about the cloth. Soon after, he sent another official to find out how soon the cloth would be ready. The same thing happened. The official could see nothing, but he sang high praise for the cloth. When he got back, he told the Emperor that the cloth was beautiful indeed.All the people in the city were now talking about this wonderful cloth which the Emperor had ordered ro be woven for so much they were eager to know how wise or foolish their friends and neighbors might be.LESSON 8 THE EMPEROR'S NEW CLOTHES(Continued)皇帝的新装（续）Now at last the Emperor wished to go himself and see the cloth while it was still on the looms. He took with him a few of his officials, including the old Prinme Minister and the official who had already been there.As soon as the weavers heard the Emperor coming, they pretended to work harder than ever, though they were not weaving a single thread through the empty looms."Isn't the cloth magnificent" said the official and the Prime Minister. "What a splendid design! And what colors!" they said, while pointing to the empty looms. They thought that everyone else could see the wonderful work of the weavers though they could not see it themselves."What on earth can this mean" said the Emperor to himself. "I don't see anything. This is horrible! But I mustn't let anyonek now.""The cloth is beautiful," he cried out loud. "Beautiful!I am very pleased with it."The officials could see no more than the Emperor, but they all shouted, ‘Beautiful! Excellent! Magnif icent!" and other such expressions. They told the Emperor that he should have newclothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.They Emperor nodded. He cried hard to pretend to share in the pleasure of his officials and gave each of the weavers a medal.The night before the procession, the two men had their lights burning all night long. They wanted everyone to see how hard they were workingon the Emperor's new clothes.At last they cried, "Finished! The Emperor's new clothes are now ready!"Then the Emperor arrived with his hgh officials."Now if you take off your clothes, Your Majesty, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror," said the cheats.The Emperor was then undressed, and the cheats pretened to dress him in his new clothes. The Emperor turned from side to side in front of the mirrior."How splendid the Emperor looks in his new clothes!" everyone cried. "And how well they fit! What a splendid design!And what colors!""Well, I suppose I'm ready for the procession," said the Emperor. "Don't you think they are a nice fit" And he turned again in front of the mirror, in order to make the others think he was looking at his new clothes."Yes, perfectly wonderful!" cried his officials.And so the procession began.The Emperor walked in the middle of the procession, through the streets of the city. And all the people standing by and those at the windows cried out, "On, how splendid our Emperor's new clothes are! What a perfect fit!"No one dared say that he could not see the Emperor's new clothes.Suddenly a little child's voice was heard:" But he has nothing on!""Good heavens! Listen to that silly child!" said the father."Did you hear what the child said" some people nearby askedeach other.What the child had said was whispered from one to the other."I can't see anything at all on the Emperor," cried one or two of the braver ones.The cry was taken up and soon everyone was noddng and saying," BUT HE HAS NOTHING ON!"The Emperor heard the cries. He felt very silly, for he knew that the people were right. But he thought, "The procession has atarted, and it must go on!"So the Emperor held his head higher than ever. And the two officials who were following him took great trouble to hold up higher the train of the robe that wasn't there at all.LESSON 9 LADY SILKWORM蚕花娘子Long long ago, there lived in Hangzhou a girl called Aqiao. When Aqiao was nine years old, her mother died. Her father remarried and the stepmother was cruel to Aqiao and her brother.One winter morning, the stepmother told Aqiao to go out and cut some grass for the sheep. The poor girl, with a basket on her back, searched all day from the riverside to the foot of the mountain. But where could she find any green grass in winter She was tired, cold and hungry, but she was afraid to go home and face her stepmother.As she walked along, she noticed an old pine tree ahead at the entrance to a valley. Aqiao pushed the branches aside. She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on both sides. She bent down immediately to cut the grass. She went on cutting and cutting until she came to the end of the brook. She stood up to wipe the sweat off her face. Suddenly she saw a lady all in white standing in front of her. The lady was smiling."Little girl, how nice to see you! Won't you come and stay with us for a while"Aqiao looked around. To her surprise, she found herself in a different world. There were rows of white houses with trees in front of them. The leaves on the trees were green and large. And there were many other ladies in white, who were singing and picking the leaves from the trees.Aqiao liked what she saw and decided to stay.After that she worked together with the ladies in white. They picked leaves from the trees, and fed them to some little white worms. Slowly, the little worms would grow up and spit out silk to form cocoons. The lady in white told Aqiao how to reel the shining silk from these cocoons and how to dye the silk different colors.Time passed quickly and three months went by before Aqiao knew it.One day, Aqiao thought of her brother:"Why not ask my brother to cme here too"Early next morning, without telling the lady in white, she hurried back home. When left, Aqiao took some silkworm eggs and a bag of mulberry seeds with her. As she walked, she dropped the seeds along the road so that she would know the way back.When Aqiao reached home, she found that her father had grown old and her brother had become a young man. The cruel stepmother had died.It had been fifteen years since she left!"Aqiao! Why didn't you come home all these years Where have you been"Aqiao told her father all that had happened. Her father thought that she must have met a fairy.The next day Aqiao decided to go back to the valley with her brother. But when she opened the door, she found things had changed. The road was lined with mulberry trees. All the seeds she had dropped had grown into trees. She walked along the trail of mulberry trees until she came to the valley. The old pine tree still stood there like an umbrella covering the entrance, but she could no longer find a way to get into the valley. So all she could do was to go back home.It was said that that was how the Chinese first raised silkworms. The lady in white whom Aqiao met in the valley was Lady Silkworm, the fairy in charge of the harvesting of silk.LESSON 10 THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA中国的万里长城The Great Wall of China, the longest wall in the world, runs across north China like a huge dragon. It winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, through valleys, till at last it reaches the sea. It is one of the wonders of the world. And it was one of the few man-made objects on earth that could be seen by the astronauts who landed on the moon.The Great Wall has a history of over twenty centuries. The first part of it was built during the Spring and Autumn Period (770 476 .). During the Warring States Period (475 . - 221 .), more walls were put up to defend the borders of the different kingdoms.In 221 ., the kingdom of Qin united the different parts of China into one empire. To keep the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up. Thus the Great Wall came into being. Since then, it has often been added to, rebuilt and repaired, especially during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).The Great Wall, which is called in Chinese "The Ten-thousand-li Great Wall", is actually more than 6,000 kilometres long, 6-7 metres high and 4-5 metres wide. In most places it is wide enough for five horses or ten men to walk side。
