error correction 3

Error Correction. Please identify the error in each sentence and correct it.1. Only a twenty-minute walk from this village is a little valley set among the hills where may beA B C Done of the quietist places in the world.2. There are many organizations which sole purpose is to help mentally retarded children.A B C D3. When I attend the wedding ceremonies of my friends, all of them are well educated and have,A BI think, exceptionally good taste, I have been disappointed.C D4. The bell signaled the end of the first period loudly, to interrupt the professor’s closingA B C D comments.5.It is extremely important that an engineer uses a computer.A B C D6. A recent study showed that some 88% of all working Americans felt it was personally importantA Bto them to work hard and doing their best on the job.C D7. Never in my life shall l forget the impression to be made on me by my first visit to the lateA B C DPremier Zhou.8. Only when people possess such spirit they can help society to make continuous progress.A B C D9. Martin became very impatient and phoned the post office to ask why it was no mail delivery.A B C D10. In the ancient time, sailors believed they were in a power of the mighty spirit of the sea.A B C D11. “The girl is cleverer of the two,” said John’s mother, pointing to a girl in white.A B C D12. Our culture is the people’s culture. It reflects the struggle and the aspirations of the people.A B C D13. If you aren’t satisfying with the service you are getting, you are quite within your right toA B C Dcancel the arrangement.14. Like every other member of the team, Klaus had on the official uniform in the victory parade.A B C D15. Everyone but a fool is aware of the fact which this sort of thing occurs nowhere except in the US.A B C D16. One reason that women live longer than men after retirement is because women can continueA B Cdoing something they are used to do.D17. I regret having left the work unfinished; I should plan everything ahead carefully.A B C D18. I am afraid that I can’t be able to come here tomorrow.A B C D19. John must be a restless person. He kept moving from country to country.A B C D20. He saw somebody creeping into the house across the open window last night.A B C D21. I had already climbed to the eighth floor when I had suddenly remembered that my key wasA B C Dstill left in the office.22. He had applied three times before he had been finally admitted to the university.A B C D23. They would have come much earlier if they knew the garden party would start at 8.A B C D24. If her grandfather would have lived three more days he would have been 100 years old.A B C D25. Helen will graduate with her class if she had been able to meet all of the requirements in time.A B C D26. Only about one of twelve of young men and women of this country receive a collegeA B C Deducation.27. More often it is the President, and not the members of his cabinet, who appeal to the public.A B C D28. The salesman insured me that a good set of tires was supposed to last at least twenty thousandA B C Dmiles.29. The idea which learning is a life-long process has been expressed by philosophers andA B Ceducationists throughout the centuries.D30. The advantages of computerized typing and editing are now being extended to all the writingA B C D languages of the world.31. When overall exports exceed imports, a country said to have a trade surplus.A B C D32. Since sharks are heavier than water, they must swim continually or they will sink toA B C Dbottom.33. No matter how tired a day she has had, she never loses her good humor.A B C D34. Foreign books have become such a luxury over the last few years therefore we can no longer affordA B C Dit.。

第二节 误差修正模型（Error Correction Model ，ECM ）一、误差修正模型的构造对于y t 的(1，1)阶自回归分布滞后模型：t t t t t y x x y εβββα++++=--12110在模型两端同时减y t-1，在模型右端10-±t x β，得：tt t t tt t t t t t t t x y x x y x y x x y εααγβεββββαββεββββα+--+∆=+---+--+∆=+-+++∆+=∆------)(])1()1()[1()1()(1101012120120121100其中，12-=βγ，)1/()(2ββαα-+=，)1/(211ββα-=。

记 11011-----=t t t x y ecm αα（5-5） 则t t t t ecmx y εγβ++∆=∆-1（5-6）称模型（5-6）为“误差修正模型”，简称ECM 。

二、误差修正模型的含义如果y t ~ I(1)，x t ~ I(1)，则模型（5-6）左端)0(~I y t∆，右端)0(~I x t∆，所以只有当y t 和x t 协整、即y t 和x t 之间存在长期均衡关系时，式（5-5）中的ecm~I(0)，模型（5-6）两端的平稳性才会相同。

当y t 和x t 协整时，设协整回归方程为：t t t x y εαα++=10它反映了y t 与x t 的长期均衡关系，所以称式（5-5）中的ecm t -1是前一期的“非均衡误差”，称误差修正模型（5-6）中的1-t ecmγ是误差修正项，12-=βγ是修正系数，由于通常1||2<β，这样0<γ；当ecm t -1 >0时（即出现正误差），误差修正项1-t ecm γ< 0，而ecm t -1 < 0时（即出现负误差），1-t ecm γ> 0，两者的方向恰好相反，所以，误差修正是一个反向调整过程（负反馈机制）。

Error-correction ExerciseNASA is about to launch a large satellite that will monitorthe health of Earth's atmosphere in unprecedented detail, and 1____________ keeping daily track of everything from the upper ozone layer,that guards against solar radiation, to the air near the 2____________ ground that people breathe. The $785 million missionis to be launched Saturday from Vandenberg Air Force Basein California. A Boeing Delta II rocket will send the 6,542-poundspacecraft into a 438-mile-high polar orbit. That is to scan the 3____________ atmosphere for at least six years.The craft, naming Aura, is the third and final addition to a series 4____________ of major satellites making up NASA's Earth Observing System,an initial set of spacecraft that designed to study all of the processes 5____________ that affect the Earth's climate and weather. Terra, which monitorsland-based processes, was launched in 1999; Aqua, which observesthe oceans and water cycle of Earth, sent up in 2002. These flagship 6____________ spacecrafts, joined by more than a dozen of other satellites launched by 7____________ the United States and several other nations, allow long-term studiesof the factors that influence climate change, using many differentinstruments. The launching is fundamentally a mission to understandand protect the very air we breathe. In conjunction with the 8____________ climate observatories, Aura should make a major contribution todetermine the causes, extent and consequences of global change. 9____________ The spacecraft carries four instruments that will survey theatmosphere from top to bottom, including monitoring ozonein its good and bad forms. In the upper atmosphere, ozone in thestratosphere provides a protective barrier for harmful ultraviolet 10___________ radiation from the Sun. In the troposphere, the atmospheric layerthat goes from the ground up to about six miles, ozone producedby combustion is a major pollutant in smog.Key1．答案：去掉and，语法辨析题。

英语考试作文Error Correction “短文改错”题型的情况假设你是李华，你的英国网友Peter希望了解一下我国高考英语试卷（NMET）中的“短文改错”（Error Correction）题型的情况。

请你写一封回复邮件。

并特别强调自己某一次因为没有严格按照要求答题被扣掉了本可得到的7分。

注意：1．词数100左右2．内容请参照本卷该大题内容。

3．生词：（打）勾：tick 分：point 逻辑（的）：logicHi, Peter:Thanks for your e-mail. Here I’m going to tell you what you asked about.Error Correction, as the 1st section of Written Part of NMET, mainly tests the mastery of the use of words and grammar of English. The understanding of the given text is course important to the performance.There are 10 numbered lines, each of which mayhave one mistake. You have to decide firstly whether there is a mistake or not. If not, put a tick in the numbered blank. If there is a mistake, you may have to add a word, cross out a word, or change word. You have to find out the mistakes in the use of words and/or grammar. Sometimes there may be a logic problem, which would be the most difficult.Last time I got 7 points less than expected. Why?I didn’t put the answers strictly following the rule, although I did know how to do it.Anything still unclear? Just write to me.嗨，彼得：谢谢你的邮件。

Vector Error Correction ModelsThe vector autoregressive (VAR) model is a general framework used to describe the dynamic interrelationship among stationary variables. So, the first step in time-series analysis should be to determine whether the levels of the data are stationary. If not, take the first differences of the series and try again. Usually, if the levels (or log-levels) of your time series are not stationary, the first differences will be.If the time series are not stationary then the VAR framework needs to be modified to allow consistent estimation of the relationships among the series. The vector error correction (VEC) model is just a special case of the VAR for variables that are stationary in their differences (i.e., I(1)). The VEC can also take into account any cointegrating relationships among the variables.Consider two time-series variables, t y and .t x Generalizing the discussion about dynamic relationships to these two interrelated variables yields a system of equations:1011112120211221yt t t t xt t t t y y x v x y x v −−−−=β+β+β+=β+β+β+ The equations describe a system in which each variable is a function of its own lag, and the lag of the other variable in the system. In this case, the system contains two variables y and x . Together the equations constitute a system known as a vector autoregression (VAR). In this example, since the maximum lag is of order one, we have a VAR(1).If y and x are stationary, the system can be estimated using least squares applied to each equation. If y and x are not stationary in their levels, but stationary in differences (i.e., I(1)), then take the differences and estimate:111121211221yt t t t xt t t t y y x v x y x v ∆−−∆−−∆=β∆+β∆+∆=β∆+β∆+ using least squares.If y and x are I(1) and cointegrated, then the system of equations is modified to allow for the cointegrating relationship between the I(1) variables. Introducing the cointegrating relationship leads to a model known as the vector error correction (VEC) model.ESTIMATING A VEC MODELIn the first example, data on the Gross Domestic Product of Australia and the U.S. are used to estimate a VEC model. We decide to use the vector error correction model because (1) the time series are not stationary in their levels but are in their differences (2) the variables are cointegrated. Our initial impressions are gained from looking at plots of the two series.To get started, change the directory to the one containing your data, open a new log file, and load your data. In this exercise we’ll be using the gdp.dta data.use gdp, clearThe data contain two quarterly time series: Australian and U.S. GDP from 1970q1 to 2004q4. As usual, create a sequence of quarterly dates:gen date = q(1970q1) + _n - 1format %tq datetsset datePlotting the levels and differences of the two GDP series suggests that the data are nonstationary in levels, but stationary in differences. In this example, we used the tsline command with an optional scheme. A scheme holds saved graph preferences for later use. You can create your own or use one of the ones installed with Stata. At the command line you can use determine which schemes are installed on your computer by typingtsline aus usa, name(levels, replace)tsline D.aus a, name(difference, replace)Neither series looks stationary in its levels. They appear to have a common trend, an indication that they may be cointegrated.Unit root tests are performed using the augmented Dickey-Fuller regressions, which require some judgment about specification. The user has to decide whether to include a constant, trend or drift, and lag lengths for the differences that augment the regular Dickey-Fuller regressions. The differences are graphed and this gives some clues about specification. The graph below shows little evidence of trend or drift.Lag lengths can be chosen using model selection rules or by starting at a maximum lag length, say 4, and eliminating lags one-by-one until the t-ratio on the last lag becomes significant.dfuller aus, regress lags(1) dfuller usa, regress lags(3)Through process of elimination the decision is made to include the constant (though it looks unnecessary) and to include 1 lag for aus and 3 for the usa series. In none of the ADF regressions the author estimated was either ADF statistic even close to being significant at the 5% level. Satisfied that the series are nonstationary in levels, their cointegration is explored.In each case, the null hypothesis of nonstationarity cannot be rejected at any reasonable level of significance.Next, estimate the cointegrating equation using least squares. Notice that the cointegrating relationship does not include a constant.MacKinnon approximate p-value for Z(t) = 0.9991Z(t) 2.658 -3.503 -2.889 -2.579 Statistic Value Value Value Test 1% Critical 5% Critical 10% Critical Interpolated Dickey-Fuller Augmented Dickey-Fuller test for unit root Number of obs = 122MacKinnon approximate p-value for Z(t) = 0.9981Z(t) 1.691 -3.503 -2.889 -2.579 Statistic Value Value Value Test 1% Critical 5% Critical 10% Critical Interpolated Dickey-Fuller Augmented Dickey-Fuller test for unit root Number of obs = 120. dfuller usa, regress lags(3)regress aus usa, noconstThe residuals are saved in order to conduct an Engle-Granger test of cointegration and plotted.predict ehat, residualtsline ehat, name(resids, replace)The residuals have an intercept of zero and show little evidence of trend. Finally, the saved residuals areused in an auxiliary regression1ˆˆt t t e ev −∆=φ+The Stata command is:usa .9853495 .0016566 594.79 0.000 .9820703 .9886288 aus Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] Total 526197.09 124 4243.52492 Root MSE = 1.2194 Adj R-squared = 0.9996 Residual 182.885542 123 1.48687433 R-squared = 0.9997 Model 526014.204 1 526014.204 Prob > F = 0.0000 F( 1, 123) = . Source SS df MS Number of obs = 124. reg aus usa, noconstregress D.ehat L.ehat, noconstantThe t-ratio is equal to −2.89. The 5% critical value for a cointegrating relationship with no intercept is −2.76 and so this falls within the rejection region of the test. The null hypothesis of no cointegration is rejected at the 5% level of significance.To measure the one quarter response of GDP to economic shocks we estimate the vector error correction model by least squares.regress D.aus L1.ehat regress a L1.ehatThe VEC model results the Australian GDP are:The significant negative coefficient on 1ˆt e− indicates that Australian GDP responds to disequilibrium between the U.S. and Australia. For the U.S.:L1. -.1279366 .0442792 -2.89 0.005 -.2155916 -.0402816 ehatD.ehat Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] Total 46.6909601 123 .379601302 Root MSE = .5985 Adj R-squared = 0.0564 Residual 43.7006336 122 .358201914 R-squared = 0.0640 Model 2.99032657 1 2.99032657 Prob > F = 0.0046 F( 1, 122) = 8.35 Source SS df MS Number of obs = 123. reg D.ehat L.ehat, noconst_cons .4917059 .0579095 8.49 0.000 .3770587 .606353L1. -.0987029 .0475158 -2.08 0.040 -.1927729 -.0046329 ehatD.aus Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] Total 51.4701178 122 .421886212 Root MSE = .64088Adj R-squared = 0.0265 Residual 49.697821 121 .410725793 R-squared = 0.0344 Model 1.77229686 1 1.77229686 Prob > F = 0.0399 F( 1, 121) = 4.32 Source SS df MS Number of obs = 123_cons .5098843 .0466768 10.92 0.000 .4174752 .6022934L1. .0302501 .0382992 0.79 0.431 -.0455732 .1060734 ehata Coef. Std. Err. t P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] Total 32.4544011 122 .266019681 Root MSE = .51657Adj R-squared = -0.0031 Residual 32.2879333 121 .266842424 R-squared = 0.0051 Model .166467786 1 .166467786 Prob > F = 0.4312 F( 1, 121) = 0.62 Source SS df MS Number of obs = 123The U.S. does not appear to respond to disequilibrium between the two economies; the t-ratio on 1ˆt e− is insignificant. These results support the idea that economic conditions in Australia depend on those in the U.S. more than conditions in the U.S. depend on Australia. In a simple model of two economy trade, the U.S. is a large closed economy and Australia is a small open economy.。

练习答案Unit 1Before You Read2. Give the name of the following myths according to the pictures.1) Houyi Shot the Suns 2) Chang’e Flying to the Moon3) the Eight Immortals4) Kua Fu Chasing the SunKnowledge Focus2.Fill in the blanks according to the knowledge you’ve learned about Chinese mythology.1)myths 2)religion 3)myth, legend 4)encyclopedia 5) Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism 6) Reverence 7) Pangu3.Match the information in Column A with the time period in Column B according to Chinese culture.1) C 2) E 3) A4) B5) D4.Tell whether the following statements are true or false. Write T if the statement is true and F if it is false.1) F 2) F 3) F 4) F 5) T 6) F7) TLanguage Focus1. Write the correct word next to its definition.1)potion 2)extol 3)worship 4)chaos 5)intertwine 6)cult 7)gigantic 8)stifle 9)tenet 10)tapestry 11)deity 12)prophecy 13)reverence 14)reincarnation15)hierarchy 2. Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions taken from Exercise 1 andtranslate the sentences into Chinese.1)tenets: 他是信奉自然主义信条的作家之一。

OPERATION MANUAL U2811D LCR MeterEUCOL (CHANGZHOU) Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.CHAPTER 1 PREPARATION....................................................................................................................1-11.1U NPACKING AND I NSPECTION.................................................................................................................1-1 1.2P OWER R EQUIREMENTS.........................................................................................................................1-1 1.3F USE S ELECTION....................................................................................................................................1-1 1.4O PERATION E NVIRONMENT....................................................................................................................1-2 1.5U SE T EST F IXTURE.................................................................................................................................1-2 1.6W ARM-UP AND C ONTINUOUS W ORKING T IME.......................................................................................1-2 1.7O THER FEATURES...................................................................................................................................1-2CHAPTER 2 PANEL DESCRIPTION.......................................................................................................2-32.1A T OUR OF THE F RONT P ANEL...............................................................................................................2-3 2.2A T OUR OF THE R EAR P ANEL.................................................................................................................2-5 2.3D ISPLAY A REA D EFINITION.....................................................................................................................2-6 CHAPTER 3 OPERATION.........................................................................................................................3-93.1P OWER O N..............................................................................................................................................3-9 3.2M EASUREMENT F UNCTION.....................................................................................................................3-9 3.3T EST F REQUENCY.................................................................................................................................3-10 3.4T EST S IGNAL L EVEL.............................................................................................................................3-10 3.5M EASUREMENT S PEED.........................................................................................................................3-11 3.6E QUIVALENT C IRCUIT............................................................................................................................3-11 3.6.1S ERIES AND P ARALLEL C IRCUIT S ETUP............................................................................................3-11 3.6.2H OW TO S ELECT THE M EASUREMENT C IRCUIT M ODE....................................................................3-11 3.7S IGNAL S OURCE O UTPUT I MPEDANCE................................................................................................3-12 3.8M EASUREMENT R ANGE........................................................................................................................3-13 3.9T RIG M ODE............................................................................................................................................3-13 3.10C OMPARATOR F UNCTION...................................................................................................................3-13 3.11C ORRECTION.......................................................................................................................................3-13 CHAPTER 4 THE SPECIFICATIONS....................................................................................................4-164.1M EASUREMENT F UNCTIONS.................................................................................................................4-16 4.2E QUIVALENT M EASUREMENT C IRCUIT.................................................................................................4-16 4.3M EASUREMENT R ANGE........................................................................................................................4-17 4.4T RIGGER M ODE.....................................................................................................................................4-18 4.5M EASUREMENT T ERMINALS.................................................................................................................4-18 4.6M EASUREMENT S PEED.........................................................................................................................4-18 4.7B ASIC A CCURACY.................................................................................................................................4-18 4.7.1M AXIMUM AND M INIMUM V ALUES U SED FOR A CCURACY C ALCULATION........................................4-19 4.7.2M EASUREMENT S PEED F ACTOR KS..................................................................................................4-19 4.7.3M EASUREMENT V OLTAGE L EVEL F ACTOR KV...................................................................................4-19 4.7.4M EASUREMENT F REQUENCY F ACTOR KF.........................................................................................4-19 4.8M EASUREMENT F REQUENCY................................................................................................................4-19 4.9T EST S IGNAL L EVEL.............................................................................................................................4-19 4.10O UTPUT I MPEDANCE...........................................................................................................................4-19 4.11D ISPLAY R ANGE..................................................................................................................................4-20 4.12C ORRECTION F UNCTION.....................................................................................................................4-20 4.13C OMPARATOR F UNCTION...................................................................................................................4-20 4.14R ANGING M ODE..................................................................................................................................4-20WarrantyThis EUCOL instrument product is warranted against defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment. Other items such as test fixtures, test cables are warranted for 90 days from the date of shipment. During the warranty period, we will, at our option, either repair or replace products which prove to be defective.For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service facility designated by EUCOL. Purchaser shall prepay shipping charges to EUCOL and EUCOL shall pay for the return of the product to Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay all shipping charges, duties, taxes, and any other charges for products returned to EUCOL from another country.Limitation of WarrantyThis warranty does not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance and care by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modification or misuse, operation outside of the environmental specifications for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance.No other warranty is expressed or implied. EUCOL specially disclaims the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular use.EUCOL’s responsibility to repair or replace defective products is the sole and exclusive remedy provided to the customer for breach of this warranty. EUCOL shall not be liable for any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages, whether based on contract, tort, or any other legal theory.Safety PrecautionsThe following safety precautions must be observed to avoid injury and prevent damage to this product or any products connected to it. To avoid potential hazards, read the operating information carefully before using the product and use this product only as specified.NOTE:This product complies with INSTALLATION CATEGORY I as well as POLLUTION DEGREE 2. This product is an INDOOR USE product.z Ground the InstrumentBefore operating the instrument, make sure the instrument chassis is grounded with the 3-pole power cable.z Don’t operate in an explosive atmosphereTo prevent explosion or file, don’t operate the instrument in the presence of inflammable gases or fumes.z Use the proper fuseReplace the broken fuse with the same type and rating for continuous protection against fire hazard.z Keep away from live circuitsDon’t remove the instrument covers when operating the instrument. Component replacement and internal adjustment can only be done by qualified personnel. Don’t replace components with the power cable connected. Dangerous voltage may remain even after the power cable has been disconnected. Always remove the power cable from the instrument and discharge circuits before touching them.Chapter 1 PreparationThis chapter provides the information necessary for performing an incoming inspection and setting up the instrument before operation.1.1 Unpacking and InspectionThank you for purchasing and using our product. Inspect the shipping container for damage. If the shipping container or cushioning material is damaged, it should be kept until the contents of the shipment have been checked for completeness and the U2811D has been checked mechanically and electrically. The contents of the shipment should be as listed in the packing list. If the contents are incomplete, if there is mechanical damage or defect, if the instrument does not work normally, notify our company or our local representative. Keep the shipping container and packing material for future use such as returning for re-calibration or service.1.2 Power Requirements(1) Voltage: 198 to 242 Vac,(2) Frequency: 47.5 to 63 Hz(3) Power: 20 VA maximum(4) In accordance with internal safety standards, this instrument is equipped with a three-wire power cable. When connected to an appropriate ac power outlet, this cable grounds the instrument frame.(5) The instrument is carefully designed in order to reduce the disturbance induced by ACpower supply, however, low noise environment is recommended. Sometimes a power source filter is needed.Warning: For protection from electrical shock, the power cable ground must not be defeated. The power plug must be plugged into an outlet that provides ap rotective earth ground connection.1.3 Fuse SelectionThe instrument has been equipped with the 500 mA fuse before leaving factory. Use only fuses with the required current rating and of the specified type as replacements. Do not use a mended fuse or short-circuit the fuse-holder in order to by-pass a blown fuse. Find out what caused the fuse to blow!1.4 Operation Environment(1) The Please do not operate the instrument in places where there is dusty, vibrant, underdirect sunlight, or where there is corrosive air.(2) In order to maintain good measurement accuracy, the U2811D must be operated underthe following environment conditions:Temperature: 0°C ~ 40°CHumidity: ≤ 75% RH at 40°C.(3) The instrument is carefully designed in order to reduce the disturbance induced by ACpower supply, however, low noise environment is recommended. Sometimes a power source filter is needed.(4) Please store the instrument in the place where the temperature is between 5°C and40°C, humidity is less than 85% RH. If the instrument will not be put in use for a time, please have it properly packed with its original box or a similar box for storage.(5) The instrument, especially the test leads, should be kept far away from strongelectromagnetic field to avoid interference with measuring precision.1.5 Use Test FixtureOriginal test fixture and test clip leads should be used in order to ensure correct and accurate measuring results. At the same time, test fixture, test clip leads and pins of DUT should be kept clean in order to connect well between DUT and test fixture. Test fixture and test clip leads are connected to Hcur、Hpot、Lcur and Lpot 4 terminals on the front panel.For DUT which has shield, please connect the shield to the ground terminal “” of the instrument.1.6 Warm-up and Continuous Working TimeWarm up the instrument for a minimum time of 15 minutes in order to ensure measuring precision.Continuous working time should be less than 16 hours.1.7 Other features(1) Power consumption：≤20VA(2) Dimension(W*H*D)：310mm*105mm*295mm(3) Weight: about 3.5kgChapter 2 Panel DescriptionThis chapter provides information including a tour of the front and rear panel and display area definition, which will help you to quickly learn how to operate the U2811D.2.1 A Tour of the Front PanelFigure 2-1 shows the brief description of each key on the U2811D’s front panel.(1) Brand and ModelMark and model of instrument(2) LCDDisplay the measurement results and test conditions, etc.(3) Comparator IndicationDisplay the comparator sorting results: NG, 1%, 5%, 10%, and 20%.(4) Power on/offPower on/off switch. In the “ON” position all operating voltages are applied to the instrument. In the “OFF” position NO operating voltages are applied to the instrument.(5) KeysFigure 2-2 Keybaorda) PAR A key:The function is the setup key of main test parameter.b) PAR B key:The function is the setup key of second test parameter.c) FREQ key:The function is the setup key of test frequency.d) TOL key:The function is the setup key of comparator..e) EQU key:The function is the equivalent circuit setup key.f) SPEED key:The function is the setup key of measurement speed.g) LEVEL key:The function is the setup key of test voltage level.h) CLEAR key:The function is the setup key of correction function.i) RANGE key:The function is the setup key of range HOLD or AUTO. j) 30/100 key:The function is signal source output impedance setup key.k) TRIG MODE key：The function is the trig mode setup key.l) TRIGGER key:The function is the trigger key.(6) Test TerminalsThere are 4 test terminals used to connect a 4-terminal test fixture or test leads formeasuring the device under test.H CUR：High currentH POT：High potentialL POT：Low potentialL CUR：Low current(7) Frame TerminalThis is the frame terminal which is tied to the instrument’s chassis and which can be used for measurements that require guarding.2.2 A Tour of the Rear PanelFigure 2-3 shows a brief description of the U2811D’s rear panel.(1) Name PlateName plate is used to provide the information of date, model, lot number and manufacturer etc.(2) Line Input Receptacle and Fuse HolderAC power cord receptacle.(3) Fuse HolderFuse holder for TH2811D’s power supply.2.3 Display Area DefinitionFigure 2-4 shows the display area definition of the U2811D LCD screen.Figure 2-4 Display Area Definition(1) Test Signal Frequency Indication“100 Hz” is on：The current test signal frequency is 100 Hz.“120 Hz” is on：The current test signal frequency is 120 Hz.“1 kHz” is on：The current test signal frequency is 1 kHz.“10 kHz” is on：The current test signal frequency is 10 kHz.(2) Test Signal Level Indication“0.1 V” is on：The current test signal voltage is 0.1 V.“0.3 V” is on：The current test signal voltage is 0.3 V.“1.0 V” is on：The current test signal voltage is 1.0 V.(3) Signal Source Output Impedance Indication“30Ω” is on：Signal source output impedance is 30 Ω.“100Ω” is on：Signal source output impedance is 100 Ω.(4) Measurement Speed Indication“Fast” is on: Fast measurement speed“Med” is on: Medium measurement speed“Slow” is on: Slow measurement speed(5) Range IndicationIndicate the current ranging mode and the current range number.“Auto” is on：Range AUTO“Hold” is off：Range HOLD(6) Trigger Mode Indication“Int” is on: Internal trigger mode“Man” is on: M anual trigger mode(7) Equivalent Circuit Mode Indication“” is on: S eries equivalent circuit mode.“” is on: Parallel equivalent circuit mode.(8) The primary Parameter IndicationIndicate the current measuring primary parameter user selected.“L:” is on：Inductance is measured and displayed.“C:” is on：Capacitance is measured and displayed.“R:” is on：Resistance is measured and displayed.“Z:” is on： Impedance is measured and displayed.(9) The Primary Parameter DisplayDisplay the current measurement result of the primary parameter. (10) Unit of The primary Parameter IndicationIndicate the current unit of measurement result of the primary parameter.Unit of inductance：μH, mH, H.Unit of capacitance：pF, nF, μF, mF.Unit of resistance/impedance：Ω, kΩ, MΩ.(11) Unit of The second Parameter IndicationIndicate the current unit of measurement result of the second parameter.Unit of phase angle：Rad、Deg.Unit of reactance / equivalent series resistance：mΩ，Ω，kΩ，MΩ.(12) The Secondary Parameter DisplayDisplay the current measurement result of the secondary parameter.(13) The Secondary Parameter IndicationIndicate the current measuring secondary parameter user selected.(14) Comparator Function Indication“” is on: The comparator function is turned on.“” is off: The comparator function is turned off.(15) Alarm Indication“”is on: Alarm buzzer is turned on.“”is off: Alarm buzzer is turned off.Chapter 3 Operation3.1 Power On1) Press power switch to turn on the instrument.2) Version number of the instrument is first displayed on the LCD screen.3) The instrument enters the measurement status after a short delay. Figure 3.1shows the information displayed in measurement status. It maybe different with the actual display due to different measurement setup.3.2 Measurement FunctionU2811D measures two components of the complex impedance parameters at the same time in a measurement cycle. The primary and secondary measurement parameters are listed as follows.Primary ParameterL: InductanceC: CapacitanceR: Resistance|Z|: Absolute value of impedanceSecondary ParameterD: Dissipation factorQ: Quality factorθ: Phase angleX : ReactanceESR: Equivalent series resistance|Z| is the absolute value of impedance, so it is always a positive value; While L/ C/ R maybe a positive value or sometimes a negative value.When measurement function is C-D and the primary parameter measurement result isnegative, this means the component under test is probably an inductor.When measurement function is L-Q and the primary parameter measurement result is negative, this means the component under test is probably a capacitor.When measurement function is R-Q and the measurement result of resistor is negative, this is due to over zero correction, please perform open and short correction correctly.U2811D provides 4 combinations of primary and secondary parameters:L-QC-DR-XZ-θPerform the following steps to set the measurement function.1. Assume that current measurement function is L-Q. Primary parameter indication is “L”,secondary parameter indication is “Q”.2. Press PAR A key, measurement function is changed to C-D. Primary parameterindication is “C”, secondary parameter indication is “D”.3. Press PAR A key, measurement function is changed to R-X. Primary parameterindication is “R”, secondary parameter indication is “X”.4. Press PAR A key, measurement function is changed to Z-θ. Primary parameterindication is “Z”, secondary parameter indication is “θ”.5. Keep on pressing PAR A key, until the measurement function required is indicated.6. Keep on pressing PAR B key, until the secondary parameter required is indicated.3.3 Test FrequencyU2811D provides 4 typical frequency points:100Hz, 120Hz, 1kHz and 10kHz. The current test frequency is displayed on the LCD.Perform the following steps to set the test frequency.1. Assume the current test frequency of the instrument is 100Hz. “100Hz” is indicated onthe LCD.2. Press FREQ key, test frequency is changed to 120 Hz, and “120Hz” is indicated on theLCD.3. Keep on pressing FREQ key, until the test frequency required is indicated on the LCD.3.4 Test Signal LevelU2811D provides 3 kinds of test signal voltage levels: 0.1V RMS, 0.3 V RMS and 1.0 V RMS. Perform the following steps to set the test signal level.1. Assume the current test signal level 1.0V, and “1.0V” indicated on the bottom of LCD.2. Press LEVEL key, test signal level is changed to 0.1V, and “0.1V” is indicated on theLCD.3. Press LEVEL key, test signal level is changed to 0.3V, and “0.3V” is indicated on theLCD.4. Press LEVEL key, test signal level is changed back to 1.0V, and “1.0V” is indicated onthe LCD.5. Keep on pressing LEVEL key, until the test signal level required is indicated on theLCD.3.5 Measurement SpeedU2811D provides 3 kinds of measurement speeds: Fast, Med and Slow. Generally, a slow measurement speed will result in more stable and accurate measurement results.Fast: 20 meas/secMed: 7 meas/secSlow: 3 meas/secPerform the following steps to set the measurement speed1. Assume the current measurement speed is FAST, and “FAST” is indicated on the LCD.2. Press SPEED key, the measurement speed is changed to MED, and “MED” is indicatedon the LCD.3. Press SPEED key, the measurement speed is changed to SLOW, and “SLOW” isindicated on the LCD.4. Press SPEED key, the measurement speed is changed back to FAST, and “FAST” isindicated on the LCD.5. Keep on pressing SPEED key, until the measurement speed required is indicated onthe LCD.3.6 Equivalent Circuit3.6.1 Series and Parallel Circuit SetupU2811D provides the series and parallel equivalent circuit modes for measuring the L, C, and R.Perform the following steps to set the equivalent circuit mode1. Press EQU key to switch between the series mode and parallel mode, and the currentequivalent circuit mode is displayed on the bottom of LCD.3.6.2 How to Select the Measurement Circuit ModeGuide lines for selecting the capacitance measurement circuit mode.Small capacitance yields large reactance, which implies that the effect of the parallel resistance has relatively more significance than that of series resistance. The low value of the series resistance has negligible significance compared with the large capacitive reactance, so the parallel circuit mode should be used.Large capacitance yields small reactance, which implies that the effect of the series resistance has relatively more significance than that of parallel resistance. The large value of the parallel resistance has negligible significance compared with the low capacitive reactance, so the series circuit mode should be used.The following is a rule of thumb for selecting the circuit mode according to the impedance of the capacitor.Above approx. 10kΩ: use parallel circuit modeBelow approx. 10Ω: use series circuit modeBetween above values: follow the manufacturer’s recommendationGuide lines for selecting the inductance measurement circuit mode.The reactance of a large inductance at a given frequency is relatively large (compared with that of a small inductance), so the parallel resistance becomes more significant than the series component. So, a measurement in the parallel equivalent circuit mode is more suitable.Conversely, for low values of inductance the reactance becomes relatively small (compared with that of a large inductance), so the series resistance component is more significant. So, the series equivalent circuit mode is the appropriate choice.The following is a rule of thumb for selecting the circuit mode according to the impedance of the inductor.Below approx. 10Ω: use series circuit modeAbove approx. 10kΩ: use parallel circuit modeBetween above values: follow the manufacturer’s recommendation3.7 Signal Source Output ImpedanceU2811D provides two different signal output impedance 30Ω and 100Ω. The measurement current through the DUT will be different with different signal output impedance under the test same signal voltage level. The current sensitive components, for example the inductors with cores, will get different measurement results under different signal source output impedance. In order to be compatible with other well-known instruments in the world, use the same signal source output impedance for each instrument.Perform the following steps to set the signal source output impedance1. If “100Ω” is displayed on the LCD, this means the current signal source outputimpedance is 100Ω.2. Press 30/100 key to set the current source output impedance to 30Ω, and “30Ω” will bedisplayed on the LCD.3. Repeat step 2 and 3, signal source output impedance will be switched between 30Ωand 100Ω.3.8 Measurement RangePerform the following steps to set the measurement range1. Assume the current measurement range is set to “Auto” status. Press RANGE key tochange the measurement range from the “Auto” mode to the “Hold” mode. When the measurement range is set to the “Hold” mode, “Auto” is turned off from the LCD, the impedance range is fixed at the current range setting.3.9 Trig ModeU2811D provides 4 kinds of trig modes:INT : Internal trigger modeMAN: Manual trigger modePerforming the following steps to set the measurement mode：Press TRIG MODE key to switch trig mode between INT and MAN, and the current measurement mode will be displayed on LCD.3.10 Comparator FunctionU2811D’s built-in comparator can sort devices into a maximum of 5 bins (1%, 5%, 10%,20% and NG) using a maximum of four pairs of primary limits.Perform the following steps to set the comparator function to ON or OFF1. Assume the instrument’s comparator function is OFF. “” will not be displayed on theLCD, and sorting results will not be displayed on the top of LCD or indicated by the LEDs on the front panel.2. Press TOL key, “”and “”will be displayed on the LCD. This means comparatorfunction is turned ON and the readings of the main parameter is recorded as the norminal value. Sorting results will be displayed on the LCD and indicated by LEDs on the front panel at the same time.3.11 CorrectionU2811D’s OPEN correction capability cancels errors due to the stray admittance (G, B) in parallel with the device under. U2811D’s SHORT correction capability corrects for the residual impedance (R, X) in serial with the device under test.Perform following steps for the open and short correction:1. When the U2811D is under the measurement status, Press CLEAR key to enter thecorrection function.2. If the fixture is open, the information shown in Figure 3-2 will be displayed.3. Press CLEAR key to cancel correction and return to the measurement status.4. Press TRIGGER key to start open correction measurement.5. The OPEN correction is performed at all frequency points and ranges. The currentfrequency and range being corrected are displayed on the bottom of LCD.6. U2811D judges the results of correction measurement automatically. If the currentcorrection result is not correct, U2811D will interrupt the current correction operation and return to the measurement status.7. If the current correction result is correct, “PASS” will be displayed on the secondaryparameter display area. Then U2811D continues correction with the following frequency points and ranges.8. The instrument will return to measurement status after the open correction issuccessfully completed.9. If short correction is to be performed, short the measurement contacts of the fixturetogether with a low impedance shorting plate. The information shown in Figure 3-3 will be displayed.10. Press TRIGGER key to start short correction measurement.11. The SHORT correction is performed at all frequency points and ranges. The currentfrequency and range being corrected are displayed on the bottom of LCD.。

华为英文词汇术语表屏蔽体 shielding enclosure屏蔽线 Shielded Wire屏蔽罩 shielding can屏蔽指示语 Screening Indicator屏幕 screen屏幕输出 screen output屏幕抓图 screen snapshot瓶颈 bottleneck破坏性试验 destructive test破损管道 broken pipe普通 common普通插头 Ordinary Plug普通电话线 Ordinary Telephone Line普通电话业务 Plain Old Telephone Service普通端子 Ordinary Terminal普通老式电话业务 Plain Old Telephone Service普通前向建立信息消息General forward Set-up information Message普通任务 common task普通文件传送协议 trivial file transfer protocol普通音频接口板 ordinary VF interface (board)普通用户模式 user EXEC谱宽 spectral width七号信令 Signaling System Number 7七号信令 "signaling No.7, CCS7"七号信令系统Common Channel Signaling System No.7/Signaling System No.7 期间 period期限 due in期限天数 days漆包线 Enamel Wire齐套型 integrity其他业务 other services其它 other其它渠道 alternative channels其它未签订单 Other Non-Booked Order奇偶校验 parity check奇偶校验 parity奇偶校验错误 parity error奇偶校验码 parity check code奇校验 odd parity check奇校验 odd parity旗语 Semaphore企业 CNE enterprise cne企业 CNE 项目 enterprise cne program企业IT架构 Enterprise IT Architecture企业管理体系结构 Enterprise Management Architecture企业会商 business meeting企业级应用 Enterprise Level Application企业架构规划部主管 Head of Enterprise Architecture Planning 企业架构集成系统 Enterprise Architecture Integration System 企业内部网 Intranet企业内部网零售信息系统 Intranet Retail Information System 企业数据模型 enterprise data model企业网 enterprise network企业网 Enterprise Networks企业系统连接 Enterprise System Connection企业信息门户 Enterprise Information Portal企业信息模型 Enterprise Information Model企业应用集成 Enterprise Application Integration企业资源调配器 Enterprise Resource Broker企业资源计划 Enterprise Resource Planning启程 hit the road启动 start up启动，开机 startup启动，开始 start启动备用时钟 a standby clock is activated启动备用时钟 activate a standby clock启动磁盘 startup disk启动脚本 bootscript启用 enable启用加密法的应用程序 cryptography-enabled applications 启用万维网的 web enabled起拔器 Extraction T ool起步 getting started起动 launch起动器 launcher起始地址消息 Initial Address Message起始点 Point of Initiation起始定界符 starting delimiter起始定位（过程） initial alignment （procedure）起始定位过程 initial alignment procedure起始阶段、初始化阶段 initial phase起始口令 initial password起始屏幕 home base起源点 originating point器件包 Components Package器件备货计划 parts stocking plan器件编码 Part Number器件返回 parts return器件供应商管理 Component Supplier Management器件和供应商管理 Component and Supplier Management 器件库 part library器件应用部 Parts Application Section器件种类 part category器件装载器 part loader千兆比特、吉比特 Gigabit千兆比特以太网 Gigabit Ethernet千兆赫兹、吉赫兹 Gigahertz千兆交换路由器 Gigabit Switching Router千兆交换路由器 Gigabit switching router千兆位端口回路 Gigabit Port Loop千兆字节、吉字节 Gigabyte千字节 Kilobyte迁移 migrate迁移 migration迁移程序 migrator迁移的 migrated迁移的特性 migrated attribute迁移检查密钥 migration look key迁移特性 migrate attribute迁移指南 migration guide铅垂 Plumb铅垂线 Plumb Line签出 check out签到 * sign-on签定合同 sign contract签发 authorized by签名 signature签名级别 signing level签名算法 signature algorithm签入 check-in签入/签出 login/logout签字 signature签字 sign签字字段 signature field前/后门 front door/rear door前插板 front card/front board前导点 leading period前端 front end前端处理机 front end processor前端的规划 upfront planning前管理模块 Front Administration Module前滚 roll forward前滚操作 roll forward operation前滚进程 roll forward process前滚实用程序 roll forward utilities前后台 AM/BAM前门(板) Front Door前面板 front panel前趋图法 Precedence Diagramming Method 前台，前景 foreground前台进程 foreground process前台任务 foreground task前图象 pre-imaging前图象文件 pre-image file前线后走方式 rear leading-out mode前向插入损耗 forward insertion loss前向差错控制 Forward Error Control前向拆线信号 Clear Forward Signal前向拆线信号 CLear-Forward signal前向地址消息 Forward Address Message前向兼容性 forward compatibility前向监测 Forward Monitor前向建立消息 Forward Setup Message前向纠错 forward error correction前向纠错 Forward Error Correction前向顺序号码 forward sequence number前向通道，正向信道 forward channel前向误码校正 Forward Error Correction前向显示拥塞通知 Forward Explicit Congestion Notification 前向显示拥塞通知 forward explicit congestion notification 前向指示比特 Forward Indicator Bit前向转移信号 FOrward-Transfer signal前斜线 forward slash前一字 prev word前置ECA predecessor ECA前置比特 preamble bit前置放大器 Preamplifier前置分频器 prescalar前置机 Front End Processor前置时间/备购时间 lead time前转 forwarding前转到语音邮箱 Forwarded-to Voice Mailbox前转号码、前转号 Forwarded-to number前转截接系统 Forwarding Interception System钳工工具 Small Tool钳型表 clamp meter潜在的参与者 potential participant潜在风险 potential risk潜在供应商档案 Emerging Supplier Archives浅金银面漆 top coating(light gold-silver)欠电压 undervoltage欠交订单 backorders欠交数量 quantity-backorder欠交数量 backordered quantity欠料日报 material shortage daily report嵌入控制通路 Embedded Control Channel嵌入式 SCSI embedded scsi强插 break-in强拆 forced release强拆中继 disconnect trunk forcedly强占比特位 robbed bit position强制闭锁 forced blocking强制大写 force uppercase强制倒换 forced switch强制倒换、强制切换 forced switchover强制的参与者 mandatory participants强制改动的间隔天数 days between forced changes强制均充 force an equalizing charge强制签出 force to logout强制示忙 force busy强制示闲 force idle强制重编路由 forced rerouting强制重发（过程） forced retransmission （procedure）墙内壁inner wall墙纸 wallpaper抢占，同抢 contention (of a channel)抢占标记 preempt橇杠 "Crowbar, Pinch Bar"桥堆 Bridge Rectifier(s)桥接 bridging桥接 bridge桥接处理单元 Bridge Processing Unit桥接网 bridged network桥接转发 bridge forwarding桥式路由器 brouter切换 handover切换 toggle切换 switching切换候选查询 handover candidate inquiry切换检测 handover detection切换接入 handover access切换请求、切换申请 handover request切换请求确认 Handover Request Acknowledge切换视图 switch view切换已执行 handover performed窃用标志 stealing flag轻量级目录访问协议 lightweight directory access protocol 轻量级团队 lightweight team轻型弹簧垫圈 "single coil spring lock washer,light type" 清除clear清除 flush清除 purge清除发送 clear to send清除废物桶 empty trash清除命令 Clear command清除全部 clear all清除全部通知 clear all notifications清除所选项目 empty selected items清除特性 purge attribute清除一个 clear one"清关, 报关" "apply to customs , custom declaration" 清洁的 clean清洁度 cleanliness清空 purge清理 clean up清洗剂 Detergent情景串连胶片 storyboard情境 scenario请朝上！ Keep upright!请求 request请求、申请 REQuest请求被拒绝帧 Request Denied Frame请求程序 requester请求待发 requests pending请求力度级别 requested effort level请求重试计数 request retry count请求注解，请求评议 Request for Comments请索帧 Claim Frame区段 segment区段倒换 span switching区段堆放 block stacking区段数字编号法 block numerical symbolization区段数字编号法 "block, numerical symbolization"区分大小写 case sensitive区分大小写 case sensitivity区号 area code区域 realm区域 zone区域边界路由器 Area Border Router区域表 zones list区域管理系统 Regional Management System区域机构管理部Regional Organizations Management Dept. 区域交换中心 Zone Switching Center区域节点管理 zone endpoint management区域漫游使用 regional roaming subscription区域配置 zone configuration区域使用识别码 Regional Subscription Zone Identity区域数组 zone array区域填充（制图用） hatch区域信息表 zone information table区域信息协议 zone information protocol区域中心大区中心 Regional Center曲调(n.)，调节(v.) tune驱动变压器 "Driver Transformer, Drive Transformer"驱动程序 driver驱动程序配置 driver configuration驱动程序软盘 driver diskette驱动程序依赖性树 driver dependency tree驱动器 drive驱动器规格 drive specification驱动器锁定 drive lock驱动器映射 drive mapping驱动器字母 drive letter渠道管理部 Channels Mgmt.取消 cancel取消 revoke取消标记 unmark取消订购 unsubscribe取消镜像 unmirror取消链接 unlink取消迁移 demigrate取消迁移 demigration取消全选 deselect all取消删除 undelete取消所有标记 unmark all取消选择 deselect取消选中 uncheck取消映射的驱动器 unmapped drive取消指派 unassign取消注册 deregistration取整 take the integer value of去除 removal去除 remove去话提示 outgoing call prompt去活 deactivate去加重 de-emphasis去锐边锐角，去油污 "Remove all burrs and sharp edges, clean the oil pollution." 去向 where did it go全1 "all ""1""s"全1码 "all-ones, all ""1""s"全备份 full backup全部 full (align)全部（对齐） all (align)全部反向 revert all全部关闭 close all全部可用磁盘 total disk available全部所需磁盘 total disk needed全部重设置 reset all全部最小化 min all全关闭 full contract全关闭（文件夹） contract fully全光网 all-optical network全检 all-sort全检 total inspection全交换体系结构 switch architecture全接入通信系统 T otal Access Communication System全局复位 global reset全局码翻译 Global Title translation全局码翻译/转换 Global Title Translation全局名、总称 Global Title全局配置模式 global configuration mode全路由广播帧 all route broadcast frame全忙指示 all busy indication全面检查 all-around check全面预防维护 total preventive maintenance全面质量管理 Total Quality Management全面质量控制 total quality control全名 full name全频道天线 all-channel antenna全屏显示 full-screen display全球定位系统 Global Positioning System全球市场 global market全球项目管理方法 Worldwide Project Management Method 全球小区识别码 Cell Global Identification全球虚拟网业务 Global Virtual Network Services全球移动通信系统 Global System for Mobile Communications 全双工操作 full-duplex operation全双工数字音频 full duplex digital audio全速率话音业务信道 Full rate Speech TCH全速率码变换器、全速率变码器 Full Rate Transcoder全速率数据业务信道(2.4bit/s) Full rate data TCH (2.4 bit/s) 全速率数据业务信道(4.8bit/s) Full rate data TCH (4.8 bit/s) 全速率数据业务信道(9.6bit/s) Full rate Data TCH (9.6 bit/s) 全速率业务信道Full rate TCH全速率业务信道 full-rate traffic channel全天候服务 all-weather service全文本搜索 full text search全向覆盖 omnidirectional coverage全向天线 omnidirectional/omni antenna全向天线 omni-antenna全选 select all全页 full page全移动性 full mobility全域的，全局的 global全域登录 global login全展开 full expand全砖、全部程序块、整个程序块 full brick全资子公司 wholy-owned subsidiary权衡分析 trade-off analysis权限管理 access control权限控制 authority control缺省短消息周期 default SM period缺席用户服务 absent service缺陷 defect缺陷分析 Failure Analysis确定 ok确定性的 deterministic确认 ACKnowledgement确认 confirm确认超时 acknowledge timeout确认待发 confirmation pending确认等待超时 ack wait timeout确认规则创建 rule creation confirmation确认框 confirmation box确认项目删除 confirm deletion of items确认状态变量 (n.) Acknowledge State Variable确认组创建 group creation confirmation群发方式 group transmit mode群集 cluster群集管理 cluster management群件 groupware群路 aggregate群内和群外来话区别振铃distinctive ringing for intra-group and out-group incoming calls群内呼出多重限制呼multiple restrictions for (intra-group) calling out群内呼叫 intra-group call群内呼叫限制 intra-group call restriction群内用户组成不受限intra-group subscriber composition not restricted群时延 group delay群时延失真 group-delay distortion群收方式 group receive mode群体 population群外呼入无权、禁止群外呼入 out-group calling in prohibited 群外来话转接 out-group incoming call transfer群外直接拨入 out-group direct dialing-in群组呼叫 group call扰流风扇 fan扰码器，置乱器，扰频器 scrambler绕接（告警存储模式） wrap around when full 绕线电阻器 Wire-wound Resistor绕线枪 Cable Winding Gun绕行 wrap绕行显示 round to display绕转 wrap热备份路由协议 Hot Standby Routing Protocol 热备用 hot backup热处理 heat treatment热倒换控制器（板） Hot Swap Controller热点微蜂窝 Hot Spot Microcell热点字段 hot spot field热电制冷器 Thermoelectric Cooler热分析 thermal analysis热风枪 heat gun热功耗 heat power consumption热计费 hot billing热键 hot key热敏电阻器 Thermistor热启动 hot start热启动 warm start热塑 thermoforming (plastic)热塑的 thermoplastic热缩管，热缩套管 Heat-shrink Tube热缩套管 thermal shrinkage barrel热缩套管 heat-shrinkable tube热线中心 Call Center热线中心 Call Center热修复 hot fix热修复重定向区域 hot fix redirection area热引导 warm boot人才 qualified personnel人工/自动释放 manual/automatic release人工/自动应答 manual/automatic answer人工干预 manual intervention人工工时 labour-hour人工接入来话 manual pickup incoming call人工座席系统 manual agent system人机互动 man-machine interactive人机交互接口 Man Machine Interface人机界面 Man-machine Interface人机命令语言 Man Machine Language人机适配 Man Machine Adaptation人力 manpower人力资源 Human Resources人力资源部主管 Head of HR Dept.人力资源管理部 Human Resources Management Dept. 人力资源管理部 Human Resources Management Dept. 人力资源管理部 Human Resource Management Dept. 人力资源委员会 Human Resource Committee人力资源总部 Central HR人事处 Personnel Management Office人为误差 human error人为因素 human factors人性化设计 human centered design人字槽螺钉 screw人字槽螺丝刀 screwdriver认可的 Novell 工程师 certified novell engineer认可的 Novell 工程师项目 certified novell engineer program 认可的Novell 管理员项目certified novell administrator program 认可的 Novell 技师 certified novell technician 认可的 Novell 教员 certified novell instructor认可的 Novell 教员项目 certified novell instructor program认可的驱动程序 certified driver认可的私营电信机构 Recongized Private Operating Agency认证 verification认证 authentication"认证, 证件,证书" certification认证、授权和计费"Authentication, Authorization and Accounting" 认证备件 Certified Spare Parts认证中心 AUthentication Center认证中心（电子交易的安全认证） Certification Authority任何时间 anytime任何提出更改的人员 Change Initiator任务 tasks任务 to-do任务 work to do任务簿 task deskpad任务发送选项 task send options任务分解结构 Work Breakdown Structure任务管理器 task manager任务号 task number任务列表 task list任务切换 task switching任务切换器 task switcher任务曲调 task tune任务视图 task view任务属性 task attribute任务优先级 task priority任选部分 optional part任意时间查询 Any Time Interrogation任职资格管理部 Competency Management Dept. 仍在等待分配 allocate still waiting日安排表 day organizer日标题 day header日常决策 routine decision日常运作 day-to-day operations日常照明 normal lighting日程安排 scheduling日程安排冲突 scheduling conflict日程安排器，调度程序 scheduler日程表 schedule日程定义 schedule definition日计划表 day planner日历 calendar日历视图 calendar view日历视图夹 calendar view folders日历响铃 calendar alarms日期 date日期差别 date difference日期戳 date stamp日期代码 date code日期格式 date format日期文本属性 date text properties日清日结 daily closing日日程表 day schedule日三叠 day tri-fold日项目表 day projects日志分析器 log analyzer日志管理 log management日志记录 log record日志记录 logging日志文件 log file容错 error tolerance容错 fault tolerance容错级，耐受级 tolerant level容错特性 failure tolerance容量 capacity容量等、尺寸、维、度 dimension容量配置 capacity configuration容量阈值 capacity threshold容许的 tolerable容灾特性 disaster tolerance容灾中心 disaster recovery center熔断电阻器 Fuse Resistor熔断盒 fuse box熔断器套件 Fuse Suite熔接 splicing熔接盒 splicing box熔接机 Fusion Splicer熔接损耗"splice loss, splice attenuation" 融合智能网Integrated Intelligent Network 融资处 Financing Section 融资拓展部 Financing Expansion融资主管 Head of Financing冗长方式 verbose mode冗长级别 verbosity level冗余 redundant冗余包 redundancy packet冗余管理模块Redundance Management System 冗余位redundancy bit冗余校验 redundancy check柔性电缆 Flexible Cable (Soft Cable)柔性电缆 flexible cable柔性印制板连接器 Flexible PCB Connector柔性制造系统 Flexible Manufaturing System如是零则隐藏 hide if zero铷原子振荡器 rubidium atomic oscillator入风口 air intake vent入呼 inbound call入呼/来话 incoming call入局呼叫禁止 Incoming Calls Barred入局呼叫禁止（限于闭合用户群）Incoming Calls Barred (within the CUG) 入局话务 incoming office traffic入局话务 incoming traffic入局受话话务 incoming office terminating traffic入局受话话务 incoming terminating traffic入口 portal入口服务器 portal server入口控制块表 portal control block table入口准则 entry criteria入库操作指导书 enter storehouse operation instructor入库单 enter storehouse bill入链路 incoming link入侵者 intruder入侵者尝试重设置间隔 intruder attempt reset interval入侵者登录计数 intruder login count入侵者地址 intruder address入侵者检测锁定 intruder detection lockout入侵者锁定 intruder lockout入侵者锁定重设置 intruder lockout reset入侵者限制 intruder limit入通信节点 Incoming Communication Node入网标志 Sign of Network Access License入站初始化 inbound initialization入站服务广告过滤器 inbound service advertisement filter入中继 incoming trunk软/硬件测试工程师 HW/SW Testing Engineer软错误 soft error软焊料、软焊剂 Soft Solder软件 Software软件版本 software version软件包 package软件包 software package软件包驱动的业务变革Package Enabled Business Transformation软件包实施 Package Implementation软件部 Software Subdivision软件测试工程师 S/W Testing Engineer软件测试经理 Software Testing Manager软件调测 "commissioning, dubugging"软件发布计划 software distribution plan软件分发目录 software distribution directory软件工程师 Software Engineer软件工程师 Software Engineer软件工程协会 Software Engineering Institute软件狗 dongle软件故障产生的群闭塞解除消息 Software fault-oriented Group Unblocking message 软件故障产生的群闭塞解除证实消息 Software fault-oriented group Unblocking Acknowledgment message 软件故障产生的群闭塞消息Software fault-oriented Group Blocking message软件故障产生的群闭塞证实消息 Software fault-oriented group Blocking Acknowledgement message软件开发工程师 Software Development Engineer软件开发经理 Software Manager软件配置管理 Software Configuration Management软件配置管理员Software Configuration Management Librarian软件设计员 Software Designer软件套件 Software Suite软件握手 software handshaking软件项目 Software Item软件虚拟服务器 software virtual server软件永久虚通道 Soft Permanent Virtual Channel软件永久虚通路 Soft Permanent Virtual Path软盘 diskette软盘 floppy disk软盘驱动器 "Diskette Drive, Floppy Disk Drive"软盘位置 diskette location软盘邮递程序 diskette mailer软判决译码 soft decision decoding软启动 soft start软携包 soft case软行 soft line软字体 soft font瑞典研究所 Sweden Research Center塞环 hole plug"塞套线,控制线,S线,C线" Sleeve Lead 三次群 tertiary group三方通话 three-party calling三方通话 Three-Party service三级分散控制 3-level distributed control 三级时钟 stratum-3 clock三极管 Transistor (Triode)三角的 trigonometric三角架 tripod三阶互调 third order intermodulation 三类传真 G3 Fax三频带、三波段 tri-band三态门 triple gate三瓦楞纸板 triple wall corrugated board 三维凹 3-D in三维凸 3-D out三相 three phase三相 tri-phrase 3F三芯短路线 3-core short circuit wire三元组 triplet散布图 scatter diagram散件、备件 Spare Parts散热 heat dissipation散热风扇 radiator fan散热片 Cooling Fin散热器 radiator散热器 heat sink散热器件 Heat-sink Device扫描 scan扫描时间 sweep time扫描仪 Scanner色标 color label色彩的 chromatic色调 hue色度 chroma色度色散 chromatic dispersion色码 color code色散 chromatic dispersion色散 dispersion色散补偿 dispersion compensation色散补偿光纤Dispersion Compensation Fiber 色散补偿模块Dispersion Compensation Module 色散补偿器dispersion compensator色散调节 dispersion accommodation色散未移位光纤dispersion-unshifted fiber 色散系数dispersion coefficient色散移位 dispersion shift删除 delete/remove删除 delete删除 erase删除（短消息广播协议用） kill删除对象(制图用) erase删除器 deletor删除权限 delete right删除权限 erase right删除属性 delete property闪存 flash Memory闪速存储器/闪存 FLASH memory扇区 sector扇形天线（用在基站上） sectorized antenna商标 trademark商标或商号名称 brand or trade name商品化、商业化 commercialization商务部 Commercial Affairs Office商务管理层 Business Management Layer商务管理信息层 Business Management Information Layer商务配套件 Purchased Commercial Suite商业发票 commercial invoice商业因特网交换机 Commercial Internet Exchange上/下（2M） added/dropped上/下话路 add/drop voice channel上/下话路，分/插，分出/插入，分路/插入，上/下（业务）Add/Drop 上、下围框 Upper/Lower Enclosure Frame上报、报告 report上表面 upper surface上层软件 Upper Layer Software (Applications)上次 last time上次登录时间 last login time上固定组件"top mounting subassembly , top-fixing components" 上级局 senior office上级时钟 upper level clock上级网 upper-layer network上级网管 upper NM station/peer NM system上级主控板 superior main control board上料单 feed material list上网占用话务量 online seizure traffic上网占用时长 online seizure duration上下留空一致 space evenly t/b上行 upstream上行 "up, upstream"上行链路 uplink上行链路 up link上行链路状态标志 Uplink State Flag上行网口 uplink network port上旋 spin up上研所 Shanghai Research Center上研所预研分部Pre-research Subdivision of Shanghai Research Center上一级 superior hierarchical level上一连接 last connection上游 upstream上游/下游伙伴关系 upstream/downstream partnership上游分销 upstream distribution上游邻居地址 upstream neighbour address上越限 Upper Threshold-crossing (the Upper Door)上越限恢复值 Upper Threshold-crossing Recovery Value（the Upper Rearm）上越限值 Upper Threshold-crossing Value 上载 load上载 upload尚未解决的问题，突出的问题 outstanding issues烧焊 "Weld, Burn-in"烧片文件 firm file稍后连接 connect later少数资源 minor resource设备 equipment设备、装置 device设备编号 device numbering设备标识寄存器 Equipment Identification Register设备标识寄存系统ACE Equipment Identity Register System ACE设备不支持 facility not supported设备布置 equipment layout设备对接 equipment interconnection设备分组配置 device group configuration设备工具采购处 Equipments & Tools Procurement Office设备供应商 vendor设备共享 device sharing设备故障 device failure设备监控 device monitoring设备可靠性 equipment reliability设备类型 equipment type设备配置 equipment configuration设备配置后台 Device Configuration Daemon设备日志 device log设备容量 equipment capacity设备识别寄存器 Equipment Identity Register设备识别寄存器 Equipment Identity Register设备识别中心 Equipment Identity Register设备视图 equipment view设备视图 device view设备手册 Hardware Description Manual设备拓扑后台 Device Topology Daemon设备限制级 Facility Restriction Level设备引导号 service pilot number设定大小 size设计/重新设计 design/redesign设计点 design point设计点 Design Point设计检视 design inspection设计交底 design clarification设计时着眼于世界市场 design with world markets in mind设计手册 Design Manual设施 Facilities设施 facilities设施 facility设置 set设置 setting设置 set up设置默认值 set default设置日期 set date设置特性给： set attributes for:设置响铃 set alarm设置小区广播调度设置非连续接收(命令) set DRX射钉枪 coil nailer射频 Radio Frequency射频 RF（Radio Frequency）射频处理部分"Radio frequency Processing Unit , RF Processing Unit"射频低噪声放大器集成电路 RF Low Noise Amplifier IC射频调制器 RF Modulator射频多功能部件 RF Multi-functional Parts射频发射和接收 "Radio Frequency Transmitting and Receiving, RF Transmitting and Receiving"射频反射损耗 RF reflection loss射频放大模块 RF Amplifier Module射频隔离器 RF Isolator射频工程师 Radio Frequency Engineer射频功分器 RF Power Splitter射频功率放大器 RF Power Amplifier射频功率放大器 "radio frequency amplifier , RF amplifier" 射频功率合成器 RF Power Combiner射频固定衰减器 RF Fixed Attenuator射频环行器 RF Circulator射频混频器 RF Mixer。

Error Correction 例题1. 概念解释Error correction 指的是在学习语言过程中，对语法、拼写、用词等方面出现的错误进行纠正和修正的过程。

在语言学习中，错误纠正是非常重要的一环，它能帮助学习者发现并改正自己的错误，从而提高语言表达的准确性和流利度。

2. 例题分析下面以几个例题来进行详细分析和讨论：例题1:He is always speak English.纠正方式：He is always speaking English.例题2:The students doesn't like the new teacher.纠正方式：The students don't like the new teacher.例题3:I have went to the library yesterday.纠正方式：I went to the library yesterday.3. 错误类型解析以上例题涉及了一些常见的错误类型，如动词时态、主谓一致和不规范用词等。

在进行错误纠正的过程中，学习者需要注意这些常见错误，并逐渐形成正确的语感和表达习惯。

4. 个人观点对于错误纠正这一语言学习过程中的重要环节，我认为应该采取及时发现、耐心解释和正确引导的原则。

学习者在接受错误纠正时，应保持谦逊和开放的态度，将错误纠正看作是进步的机会，而不是失败和挫折。

老师和同学在纠正他人错误时，也应该注重方式和态度，避免伤害他人自尊心。

5. 总结回顾通过以上例题的分析，我们对错误纠正的重要性有了更深入的理解，并且明确了在语言学习过程中应当如何处理错误纠正。

希望在今后的学习和交流中，大家都能更加重视错误纠正这一环节，不断提高自己的语言表达能力。

以上就是对error correction 例题进行全面评估并撰写的文章，希望能够对你有所帮助。

错误纠正是语言学习过程中至关重要的一环，它能够帮助学习者发现并改正自己的错误，从而提高语言表达的准确性和流利度。

Error CorrectionLearning Goals:In this class, you will be able to:1.get familiar with error correction2.master the ways of correcting mistakes3.do some practiceLearning Procedures:Step One: Lead in1. In daily life, do you often make some mistakes?Will you correct them afterwards?2.How to be a master in error correction?Step Two: Get familiar with error correction1.短文改错的特点2.短文改错的考查方式3.全国课标卷I近三年考点4.短文改错应注意的问题Step Three: Correct the mistakes in the following sentences in your writingStep Five: Remember a limerick(打油诗)动词形，名词数还要注意形和副非谓语，细辨别介词短语要牢记代词格, 细领悟句子成分多分析冠词连词常光顾逻辑错误须关注Step six: Practice（2015年全国高考1）When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, we’ll live to regret it .（Homework）My dear friends,How time flies! You had been studying in NO.3 Middle School for more than two years. It will not be long after you graduate from this school.As a teacher, I have some advices for you. Firstly, the time in Senior 3 is so precious that you can’t affording to waste it. Please make the most every minute to study hard. Beside, have confidence in yourselves and try your best, and we will make a progress in study.Thirdly, treasure every day with your classmates and teachers. After your graduation, it is hardly to see each other again.I wish all of you could make your dreams coming true.yours,。

Error correction 教学设计英语组舒媚Step 1 Lead-inLet Ss enjoy a short video about top ten funny Chinglish sentences.Step 2 General introduction1.Basic informationAn article usually consists of about______words. There are ______errors in the article: generally ______missing word, ______ unnecessary word and ______ wrong words. There are at most ______ errors in a sentence.2.Test points通过对近6年高考短文改错试题的分析与研究，错误的类型主要包括以下几个方面:1.名词单复数2.动词时态和语态3.主谓一致4.代词5.冠词6.介词7.形容词和副词8.连词9.非谓语动词10.固定搭配11.句子结构Step 3 Error correctionWhen I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happythere. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green. Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem. The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, we’ll live to regret it.Step 4 Summary and consolidationOne day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop. Five minutes later. Tony saw parents. Mom said, “How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.” Tony promised her that this would never happen again.Step5 HomeworkFinish the exercise paper.。

Proof-reading & Error CorrectionThe passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONEerror. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passageand correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blankprovided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a“∧”sign and write theword you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of theline.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash“／”and put the word in theblank provided at the end of the line.A city once known for billowing steel factories, Pittsburgh wows first-time visitors today with crystal-clear rivers and first-rate arts scene. 1. _______The city's Gold Triangle sits at the junction of three rivers, a favorite 2. _______ location for anglers and kayakers. Natural history and art is on display 3. _______at the Carnegie Museums while the Andy Warhol Museum hailsPittsburgh's most famous artist. A testament of the city's history and 4. _______ cultural vibrancy, Station Square's turn-of-the-century furnace sitsfront and center-as part of a musical fountain.Pittsburgh's finest cultural attractions are housed in the CarnegieMuseums; fossilized dinosaur bones and glittering geodes are amongthe natural treasure in the Museum of Natural History, while the human 5. ________ creations of Picasso, Georgia O'Keeffe and Frank Gehry draw the attention 6. _______at the Museum of Art. Pop art reigns supreme at the Andy WarholMuseum, which house the work of the groundbreaking hometown 7. _________ darling.Neon lights and public artworks illuminate the night sky in Pittsburgh'sTheater District, with performances range from African-American 8. _______dance troupes to Arthur Miller classics and the symphonic sounds ofthe velvet-and-crystalline Heinz Hall. Homegrown alternate music 9. ______bands and DJ mixers fill the clubs of Pittsburgh's Strip District. Sipa drink later at night anywhere in Station Square, set high on the 10. ______ riverbank overlooking the well-lit downtown.。

专利名称：ERROR CORRECTION UNIT 发明人：KAMIYANAGI YUTAKA申请号：JP902279申请日：19790129公开号：JPS55102057A公开日：19800804专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：PURPOSE:To perform semiparallel decoding without remarkable increase in the hardware under the minimum inspection bit, by using the double error correction/ tripple error detection BCH code. CONSTITUTION:The readout word includes K sets of information bits, 2m sets of inspection bits and one full parity bit, and logical sum is made with the circuit AD logically summing the output S3 of the double error bit indication circuit providing the circuits SQ and QB calculating the second and the third power on the Galois field GF(2) and the output S1 of single error bit indication circuit, and the exclusive OR of the output of the circuit AD and each bit of the readout word is obtained in the circuit CMP. Accordingly, double error correction and further, tripple error detection can be made.申请人：FUJITSU LTD更多信息请下载全文后查看。