Low-power DA-converters for display applications using stepwise charging and charge recovery

honeywelldc1020说明书Honeywell DC1020 Digital Controller User ManualTable of Contents1Introduction ................................................... ................................................................ . (1)2 ProductOverview ....................................................... (3)2.1 Product Features........................................................ (3)2.2 ProductSpecifications ................................................. . (4)3.1 Wiring andConnections .................................................... (7)DC1020 ......................................................... .. (10)4 Configuring theDC1020 ......................................................... (15)4.1 Setting the InputType ........................................................... (15)4.2 Setting the OutputType ........................................................... (17)4.3 Setting theFunction ....................................................... . (19)5 Operating theDC1020 ......................................................... .. (23)5.1 DisplaySetup .......................................................... .. (23)DC1020 ......................................................... (25)6 Troubleshooting andMaintenance .................................................... (30)6.1Troubleshooting ................................................ .. (30)6.2Maintenance .................................................... (3)27Glossary ....................................................... ................................................................ .. (34)1 IntroductionThe Honeywell DC1020 is a digital controller designed to provide precise control of a process variable such as temperature, pressure, flow, or level. It can be used in a wide range of applications such as HVAC, industrial process control, and chemical process control.The DC1020 features an easy-to-use interface, which allows you to quickly and accurately set up and adjust the controller. The controller features a large backlit LCD display, which makes the information easier to read in all lighting conditions.The DC1020 can be configured for a variety of input, output, and control functions. It can be used in single-loop (with one control output) or dual-loop (with two control outputs) applications. It also supports various control strategies including ON-OFF, PID, On-Shift, Pump Control, and Bang-Bang.The DC1020 has been designed to provide reliable performance, consistent measurements, and long-term stability. The controller features advanced self-diagnostics that helps you quicklypinpoint system problems.The Honeywell DC1020 is designed for use in hazardous areas and is approved for UL, CSA, and ATEX hazardous locations (Class I, Div 1, Group A).2 Product Overview2.1 Product Features• Intuitive user interface with menu-driven programming• 4-digit backlit LCD display for clear readability• Supports a variety of input, output, and control functions • Single-loop or dual-loop control• Advanced self-diagnostics for quick system problem pinpointing• Approved for hazardous areas (UL, CSA, ATEX, Class I, Div 1, Group A)• Includes self-diagnostics, limit alarms, and control output delay2.2 Product SpecificationsInputs• Thermocouple: Types J, K, L, N, S, R, B, T, E•RTD:Pt100,Pt100E,Pt100S,Pt1000• Voltage Input: 0-10V, 0-5V, 0-1V• Current Input: 4-20mA, 0-20mA• Differential Input: 0-20mA• Frequency Input: 0-5KHz• 2-Wire TransmitterOutputs• Relay: 240V AC, 5A•SSR:24VDC,100mA• Voltage: 0-10V, 0-5V, 0-1V• Current: 4-20mA, 0-20mA• Frequency: 0-5KHz• 2-Wire TransmitterControl• ON-OFF, PID, On-Shift, Pump Control, Bang-Bang Accuracy• ±0.1% of Full ScaleAmbient Temperature• 0 to 50°C (32 to 122°F)Power Supply• 100 to 240V AC, 50/60HzDisplay• 4-digit backlit LCDDimensions• W x H x D: 110 x 110 x 54mm (4.3" x 4.3" x 2.1")。

12 encoders on each channel strip for optimum instant access • Simple intuitive operation • 96-KHz enabled • Superior signal processing with 40-bit fl oating-point arithmetic • Fully integrated into the NEXUS audio networkAURATUSThe basic idea behind the AURATUS was to develop a compact digital con-sole suitable for predefi ned workfl ows in radio and TV production. Therefore AURATUS features not only a hardwired bus structure but also a user inter-face optimised for quick and simple operation. This ensures that new users will experience a shallow learning curve and secure operation. All relevant channel parameters are adjusted easily using the dual encoders in the chan-nel strip, or alternatively in the master section.The console dimensions are designed for optimal access to all controls and easy viewing of displays and indicators. AURATUS offers a very comfort a ble and convenient working depth. Furthermore, the meter bridge is ex t reme l y low due to the 16:10 screens employed. This provides excellent visual con-tact with the recording studio, video screens / or the stage.AURATUS has several features designed specifi cally for the broadcaster such as audio-follows-video features, remote-controlled fader (On/Off) function, two freely assignable function keys per channel, extensive cue-light signalling, customizable N-1 buses, and timers capable of counting down as well as up.The NEXUS XCMC plug-in card, which is just 3 U × 4 HP in size, handles all the AURATUS audio processing and control data. The card has full access to all audio resources on the NEXUS network and offers the full number of channels and buses even at a sampling rate of 96 KHz.AURATUS supports stereo and multichannel confi gurations. Depending on the actual confi guration, the following resources are available: 46 or 54 input channels, 4 stereo groups, 4 stereo sums, 2 stereo aux buses, 4 mono aux buses, 8 mono mix-minus (N–1) buses, stereo or 5.1 monitoring buses for monitoring the live mix- or playback.The AURATUS offl ine editor offers time and cost benefi ts on tight production schedules. The offl ine editor makes it possible to confi gure an AURATUS while it is still in use on another production. All preparatory work including channel assignments, channel confi gurations etc. are made in a stand-alone editor application running on a Windows PC. Projects are then loaded into the console from SD cards. It also works the other way round. Projects are imported from the console for further processing in the offl ine editor. Console•Modular, custom confi guration, up to 24 faders•Free assignment of audio channels to channel strips•8 operating layers, freely assignable•Instant access to 2 pre-selected layers per channel strip•Master section for monitoring, automation, Logic Control, and commu-nications•Ultra-low power consumption — 16 channel strips consume just86 watts•Console does not require a fan•Talkback-microphone port•Script rest (optional)•Gooseneck / console lamps (optional)User Interface•12 encoders with LED arcs and 14 illuminated keys per channel strip •OLED displays for channel name and layer assignment indication•Hi-res TFT modules for viewing meters and other parameters •Optional integrated NEXUS control PC with built in keyboard•Master section with dual concentric rotary encoders and graphical TFT displays for direct access to console functions such as:• Signal-processing modules• Monitoring path• Bus routing• Automation menu (snapshots)• Timer• TFT displayDisplays and Indicators•Hi-resolution level and dynamics meters on each channel strip:• G raphic EQ curve and panner position display• D ynamics module curve view• B us routing (including pre/post, mute and control groups)• T ouch-controlled information pop-up window for displaying numeric values of recently adjusted mixing parameters•Hi-resolution level and dynamics meters on the master TFT screen:• P ermanent level metering of all bus channels• F urther graphical display areas with characteristics curves• T imer view: 2 independent timers that can be controlled by internal or external eventsAdditional Functions•Stereo link: Input-channel stereo linking (including dynamics side-chain key signals)•Link groups: Audio parameters of multiple channels can be grouped for simultaneous control and adjustment•Master-slave groups: Link selected channels to any master channel •Spill: Instant access to audio parameters which are not available on the console surfaceInputs and outputs•Custom confi gurable I/O interfaces provided by the NEXUS audio network•Microphone inputs: 32-bit TrueMatch A/D converter, > 158 dB (A) dyna-mic range @ 24 dBu•Line inputs: 24-bit TrueMatch A/D converter, > 133 dB (A) dynamic range @ 24 dBu•Line outputs: 24-bit D/A converter, 131 dB (A) dynamic range (typical) @ 24 dBu•Digital audio formats: AES/EBU, AES 42 and S/PDIF, MADI, ADAT, TDIF, SD-SDI and HD-SDI, Dolby E®, Dante•Sample rates 44.1/48 kHz, 88.2/96 kHz•Sample-rate converters (either standard or optional depending on the card type)•XLR, BNC, RJ45, fi bre-optic, or D-Sub ports Console Ports•2x Headphones outputs (6.3 mm jack sockets)•Meter/Goniometer (8 channels): D-sub (15-pin)•1x Talkback microphone: XLR-3, female•Nearfi eld speakers: XLR-3, maleMonitoring Paths• 5.1 monitoring channel (2.0 monitoring channel in stereo mode)•Stereo channel (“Play Back Channel”)• 5.1 solo bus (stereo bus in stereo mode)•Stereo PFL busStatic Automation• A snapshot stores the audio parameters of all processing channels for later recall. Each project holds up to 99 snapshots.•Partial snapshots are also possible, storing only selected settings. Logic Control•Many AURATUS parameters are integrated into the fl exible and comprehensive NEXUS Logic Control system•Audio-follows-video function includes remote-controlled dynamics •Fader-On-backstop function can be queried•40 freely confi gurable user keys in the central master section •Freely confi gurable display areas on the central TFT screen SynchronisationThe NEXUS / AURATUS system synchronises to the following sources:•NEXUS XCPU controller cards with high-precision word clock generators as studio master clock•External word clock or video (requires NEXUS XSYNC card)•Digital audio inputs•Word-clock-failure auto detection and click-free switchover to different source in order of priorityAURUS, AURATUS, CRESCENDO, ON AIR fl ex, CANTUS, CINETRA, NEXUS, and TrueMatch RMC Series are developed and produced by Stage Tec Entwicklungsgesells-chaft in Germany.AURUS , AURATUS , CANTUS , NEXUS , and TrueMatch are national and international registered trademarks of Stage Tec Entwicklungsgesellschaft für professionelleAudiotechnik mbH, Berlin (Germany). Neither presence nor absence of trademark or brand designations or trade descriptions in this manual should be regarded as affecting the legal status of any trademark.The information given in this manual is subject to change without notice. Errors excepted.Stage TecEntwicklungsgesellschaft für professionelle Audiotechnik mbH Tabbertstraße 10-11D-12459 Berlin /G ermany Phone: +49 30 639902-0Telefax: +49 30 639902-32E-Mail: offi***************Signal Processing•40-bit fl oating-point format•Processor-card connection through a single RJ45 link carrying both control messages and the digital audio needed for talkback and moni-toringSignal-Processing Modules (per Channel)•Input Gain•Expander / Noise Gate•EQ & Filter (Multiband, High-Pass & Low-Pass Filter, High & Low Shelving)•Delay •Insert•Direct-Out (Pre/Post Fader)•Compressor / Limiter •Mute•Pre/post-fader bus routing (Aux, N–1)•Pre/post fader listening & metering •Pan (multichannel capable)Reliability•Redundant power supplies (AURATUS and NEXUS), fi bre-optic cables and cards•Automatic self-test and error-message routing via NEXUS •Hot-swap enabledVersions•Consoles available with 8, 16, or 24 channel strips •Custom master-section positioning •Variants: desktop, fi tted, or with console stand •Also available with narrow side panelsPhysical Dimensions•Control surface operating depth: 625 mm •Channel spacing: 38 mm •Console depth: 777 mm•Width (with standard side panels): 814 mm (8 faders), 1146 mm (16 faders), 1479 mm (24 faders)•Height: 313 mm (desktop variant), 1033 mm (with stand)。

SkyworksSolutions,Inc.•Phone[781]376-3000•Fax[781]376-3100•*********************•Si4844-B20模拟调谐数字显示 AM/FM/SW 收音机特性功能方框图⏹ 支持全球 FM 波段(64–109MHz)⏹支持全球 AM 波段(504–1750kHz)⏹支持 SW 波段(2.3–28.5MHz)⏹所有 AM/FM 地区波段可选⏹增强 FM/SW 波段覆盖范围⏹ 2 线控制接口⏹单声道/立体声和有效的电台指示器⏹数字音量支持⏹低音/高音支持⏹最少的 BOM 元件，无需手动校准⏹卓越的接收性能⏹FM 波段中国电视频道音频载波接收⏹EN55020 兼容⏹两节 AAA 电池，电源电压为 2.0 到 3.6V⏹支持宽波段铁氧体磁棒天线和空心环形天线⏹24 引脚 SSOP 封装⏹符合 RoHS该产品、其功能和/或其体系结构使用了以下一项或多项专利，以及其他正在申请或发布的国内外专利：7,127,217;7,272,373; 7,272,375; 7,321,324;7,355,476; 7,426,376; 7,471,940;7,339,503; 7,339,504.订购信息：请参阅第 21 页。

Si4844-B202SkyworksSolutions,Inc.•Phone[781]376-3000•Fax[781]376-3100•*********************•Si4844-B20SkyworksSolutions,Inc.•Phone[781]376-3000•Fax[781]376-3100•*********************• 3T ABLE OF C ONTENTSSectionPage1. Electrical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42. Typical Application Schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123. Bill of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .134. Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144.1. Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .144.2. FM Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154.3. AM Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154.4. SW Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154.5. Frequency Tuning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164.6. Band Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164.7. Bass and Treble . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164.8. Volume Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164.9. Stereo Audio Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164.10. Stereo DAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174.11. Soft Mute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174.12. Reference Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174.13. Reset, Powerup, and Powerdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174.14. Memorizing Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .174.15. Programming with Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175. Commands and Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186. Pin Description: Si4844-B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207. Ordering Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218. Package Outline: Si4844-B20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229. PCB Land Pattern: Si4844-B20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2310. Top Marking: Si4844-B20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2411. Additional Reference Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25Document Change List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26Si4844-B204SkyworksSolutions,Inc.•Phone[781]376-3000•Fax[781]376-3100•*********************•1. Electrical SpecificationsTable 1. Recommended Operating Conditions 1,2ParameterSymbol Test ConditionMin Typ Max Unit Supply Voltage 3V DD 2— 3.6V Power Supply Powerup Rise TimeV DDRISE10——µsNotes:1.Typical values in the data sheet apply at V DD =3.3V and 25°C unless otherwise stated.2. All minimum and maximum specifications in the data sheet apply across the recommended operating conditions forminimum V DD =2.7V.3. Operation at minimum V DD is guaranteed by characterization when V DD voltage is ramped down to 2.0V. Partinitialization may become unresponsive below 2.3V.Table 2. DC Characteristics(V DD =2.7 to 3.6V, TA =–15 to 85°C)ParameterSymbolTest ConditionMinTypMaxUnitFM ModeSupply Current 1I FM —21.0—mA Supply Current 2I FMLow SNR level—21.5—mAAM/SW ModeSupply Current 1I AM—20.0—mASupplies and InterfaceV DD Powerdown CurrentI DDPD—10—µANotes:1.Specifications are guaranteed by characterization.2. LNA is automatically switched to higher current mode for optimum sensitivity in weak signal conditions.Si4844-B20SkyworksSolutions,Inc.•Phone[781]376-3000•Fax[781]376-3100•*********************• 5Figure 1.Reset TimingTable 3. Reset Timing Characteristics(V DD = 2.7 to 3.6V, TA = –15 to 85°C)ParameterSymbol Min Typ Max Unit RSTB Pulse Widtht PRST 100——µs 2-wire bus idle time after RSTB risest SDIO 100——µs 2-wire bus idle time before RSTB rises, and VDD valid time before RSTB risest SRST 100——µs RSTB low time before VDD becomes invalidt RRST——µsNotes:1.RSTB must be held low for at least 100µs after the voltage supply has been ramped up.2. RSTB needs to be asserted (pulled low) prior to the supply voltage being ramped down.RSTBVDDSDIOSCLKSi4844-B206SkyworksSolutions,Inc.•Phone[781]376-3000•Fax[781]376-3100•*********************•Table 4. 2-Wire Control Interface Characteristics 1,2,3(V DD =2.7 to 3.6V, T A =–15 to 85°C)ParameterSymbol Test ConditionMin Typ Max Unit SCLK Frequency f SCLK 0—400kHz SCLK Low Time t LOW 1.3——µs SCLK High Timet HIGH 0.6——µs SCLK Input to SDIO ↓ Setup (START)t SU:STA 0.6——µs SCLK Input to SDIO ↓ Hold (START)t HD:STA 0.6——µs SDIO Input to SCLK ↑ Setup t SU:DAT 100——ns SDIO Input to SCLK ↓ Hold 4,5t HD:DAT 0—900ns SCLK input to SDIO ↑ Setup (STOP)t SU:STO 0.6——µs STOP to START Time t BUF 1.3——µs SDIO Output Fall Timet f:OUT—250nsSDIO Input, SCLK Rise/Fall Timet f:IN t r:IN—300nsSCLK, SDIO Capacitive Loading C b ——50pF Input Filter Pulse Suppressiont SP——50nsNotes:1.When V D =0V, SCLK and SDIO are low impedance.2. When selecting 2-wire mode, the user must ensure that a 2-wire start condition (falling edge of SDIO while SCLK ishigh) does not occur within 300ns before the rising edge of RST.3. When selecting 2-wire mode, the user must ensure that SCLK is high during the rising edge of RST, and stays highuntil after the first start condition.4. The Si484x delays SDIO by a minimum of 300ns from the V IH threshold of SCLK to comply with the minimum t HD:DATspecification.5. The maximum t HD:DAT has only to be met when f SCLK =400kHz. At frequencies below 400kHz, t HD:DAT may beviolated as long as all other timing parameters are met.200.1C b1pF----------+200.1C b1pF----------+Si4844-B20SkyworksSolutions,Inc.•Phone[781]376-3000•Fax[781]376-3100•*********************• 7Figure 2.2-Wire Control Interface Read and Write Timing ParametersFigure 3.2-Wire Control Interface Read and Write Timing DiagramTable 5. FM Receiver Characteristics 1,2(V DD =2.7 to 3.6V, TA =–15 to 85°C)ParameterSymbol Test ConditionMin Typ Max Unit Input Frequencyf RF64—109MHz Sensitivity with Headphone Network 3(S+N)/N = 26 dB —2.2—µV EMFNotes:1.Additional testing information is available in “AN603: Si4822/26/27/40/44 DEMO Board Test Procedure.”Volume =maximum for all tests. Tested at RF =98.1MHz.2. To ensure proper operation and receiver performance, follow the guidelines in “AN602: Si4822/26/27/40/44 Antenna,Schematic, Layout, and Design Guidelines.” Skyworks will evaluate schematics and layouts for qualified customers.3. Frequency is 64~109MHz.4. Guaranteed by characterization.5. V EMF =1 mV.6. F MOD =1kHz, MONO, and L =R unless noted otherwise.7. ∆f =22.5kHz.8. |f 2 – f 1| > 2MHz, f 0=2x f 1 – f 2.9. B AF =300Hz to 15kHz, A-weighted.10. At L OUT and R OUT pins.11. ∆f =75 kHz.12. Tested in Digital Volume Mode.SCLK70%30%SDIO70%30%STARTSTOP t f:INt r:INt LOWt HIGHt HD:STAt SU:STA t t t SU:DATt r:INHD:DATf:IN, t f:OUTSi4844-B208SkyworksSolutions,Inc.•Phone[781]376-3000•Fax[781]376-3100•*********************•LNA Input Resistance 4,5—4—k ΩLNA Input Capacitance 4,5—5—pF AM Suppression 4,5,6,7m = 0.3—50—dB Input IP34,8—105—dBµV EMFAdjacent Channel Selectivity 4±200 kHz —50—dB Alternate Channel Selectivity 4±400 kHz —65—dB Audio Output Voltage 5,6,7,12—80—mV RMS Audio Mono S/N 5,6,7,9,10—55—dB Audio Stereo S/N 3,4,5,7,9,10—55—dB Audio Frequency Response Low 4–3dB ——30Hz Audio Frequency Response High 4–3dB 15——kHz Audio Stereo Separation 5,11—40—dB Audio THD 5,6,11—0.10.5%Audio Output Load Resistance 4,10R L Single-ended 10——k ΩAudio Output Load Capacitance 4,10C LSingle-ended——50pFTable 5. FM Receiver Characteristics 1,2 (Continued)(V DD =2.7 to 3.6V, TA =–15 to 85°C)ParameterSymbolTest ConditionMin Typ Max Unit Notes:1.Additional testing information is available in “AN603: Si4822/26/27/40/44 DEMO Board Test Procedure.”Volume =maximum for all tests. Tested at RF =98.1MHz.2. To ensure proper operation and receiver performance, follow the guidelines in “AN602: Si4822/26/27/40/44 Antenna,Schematic, Layout, and Design Guidelines.” Skyworks will evaluate schematics and layouts for qualified customers.3. Frequency is 64~109MHz.4. Guaranteed by characterization.5. V EMF =1 mV.6. F MOD =1kHz, MONO, and L =R unless noted otherwise.7. ∆f =22.5kHz.8. |f 2 – f 1| > 2MHz, f 0=2x f 1 – f 2.9. B AF =300Hz to 15kHz, A-weighted.10. At L OUT and R OUT pins.11. ∆f =75 kHz.12. Tested in Digital Volume Mode.Si4844-B20SkyworksSolutions,Inc.•Phone[781]376-3000•Fax[781]376-3100•*********************• 9Table 6. AM/SW Receiver Characteristics 1, 2(V DD = 2.7 to 3.6 V, TA = –15 to 85 °C)ParameterSymbol Test Condition Min Typ Max Unit Input Frequencyf RFMedium Wave (AM)504— 1750kHz Short Wave (SW)2.3—28.5MHz Sensitivity 3,4,5(S+N)/N = 26 dB — 30—µV EMF Large Signal Voltage Handling 5THD < 8%— 300— mV RMS Power Supply Rejection Ratio 5ΔV DD =100 mV RMS , 100 Hz— 40— dB Audio Output Voltage 3,6,8— 60— mV RMS Audio S/N 3,4,6— 55— dB Audio THD 3,6— 0.10.5%Antenna Inductance 5,7180—450µHNotes:1.Additional testing information is available in “AN603: Si4822/26/27/40/44 DEMO Board Test Procedure.”Volume =maximum for all tests. Tested at RF =520kHz and RF =6MHz.2. To ensure proper operation and receiver performance, follow the guidelines in ““AN602: Si4822/26/27/40/44 Antenna,Schematic, Layout, and Design Guidelines.” Skyworks will evaluate schematics and layouts for qualified customers.3. FMOD =1kHz, 30% modulation, 2kHz channel filter.4. B AF =300Hz to 15kHz, A-weighted.5. Guaranteed by characterization.6. V IN =5mVrms.7. Stray capacitance on antenna and board must be <10pF to achieve full tuning range at higher inductance levels.8. Tested in Digital Volume Mode.Si4844-B2010SkyworksSolutions,Inc.•Phone[781]376-3000•Fax[781]376-3100•*********************•Table 7. Reference Clock and Crystal Characteristics(V DD = 2.7 to 3.6V, T A = –15 to 85°C)ParameterSymbolTest Condition MinTypMaxUnitReference ClockXTALI Supported Reference Clock Frequencies *31.13032.76840,000kHz Reference Clock Frequency Tolerance for XTALI–100—100ppmREFCLK_PRESCALE 14095REFCLK31.13032.76834.406kHz Crystal OscillatorCrystal Oscillator Frequency —32.768—kHz Crystal Frequency Tolerance –100—100ppm Board Capacitance——3.5pF*Note: The Si4844-B20 divides the RCLK input by REFCLK_PROSCALE to obtain REFCLK. There are some RCLKfrequencies between 31.130kHz and 40MHz that are not supported. For more details, see Table 9 of “AN610: Si48xx ATDD Programming Guide.”Table 8. Thermal ConditionsParameterSymbol Min Typ Max Unit Thermal Resistance* JA —80—°C/W Ambient Temperature T A –152585°C Junction TemperatureT J——92°C*Note: Thermal resistance assumes a multi-layer PCB with the exposed pad soldered to a topside PCB pad.Si4844-B20Table 9. Absolute Maximum Ratings 1, 2Parameter Symbol Value UnitSupply Voltage V DD–0.5 to 5.8VInput Current3I IN10mAOperating Temperature T OP–40 to 95︒CStorage Temperature T STG–55 to 150︒CRF Input Level40.4V PKNotes:1.Permanent device damage may occur if the above Absolute Maximum Ratings are exceeded. Functional operationshould be restricted to the conditions as specified in the operational sections of this data sheet. Exposure beyond recommended operating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.2. The Si4844-B devices are high-performance RF integrated circuits with certain pins having an ESD rating of < 2kVHBM. Handling and assembly of these devices should only be done at ESD-protected workstations.3. For input pins RST, SDIO, SCLK, XTALO, XTALI, BAND, TUNE2, TUNE1, IRQ, and LNA_EN.4. At RF input pins, FMI, and AMI.Si4844-B202. Typical Application SchematicNotes:1.Place C4 close to V DD2 and DBYP pins.2. All grounds connect directly to GND plane on PCB.3. Pin 6 and 7 leave floating.4. To ensure proper operation and receiver performance, follow the guidelines in “AN602: Si4822/26/27/40/44 Antenna,Schematic, Layout, and Design Guidelines.” Skyworks will evaluate the schematics and layouts for qualified customers.5. Pin 8 connects to the FM antenna interface and pin 12 connects to the AM antenna interface.6. Place Si484x as close as possible to antenna jack and keep the FMI and AMI traces as short as possible.7. Recommend keeping the AM ferrite loop antenna at least 5cm away from the Si4844-B.8. Keep the AM ferrite loot antenna away from the MCU, audio amplifier, and other circuits which have AM interference.9. Place the transformer T1 away from any sources of interference and even away from the I/O signals of the Si4844-B.Si4844-B20 3. Bill of MaterialsTable 10. Si4844-B20 Bill of MaterialsComponent(s)Value/Description Supplier C1Reset capacitor 0.1µF, ±20%, Z5U/X7R MurataC4Supply bypass capacitor, 0.1µF, ±20%, Z5U/X7R MurataC5Coupling capacitor, 0.47µF, ±20%, Z5U/X7R MurataB1Ferrite bead 2.5k/100MHz MurataVR1Variable resistor (POT), 100k, ±10% KennonU1Si4844-B AM/FM/SW Analog Tune Digital Display Radio Tuner SkyworksANT1Ferrite stick,180–450μH JiaxinOptional ComponentsC2, C3Crystal load capacitors, 22pF, ±5%, COGVenkel(Optional: for crystal oscillator option)Y132.768kHz crystal (Optional: for crystal oscillator option)Epson or equivalentANT2Air loop antenna, 10-20μH variousS1Band switch Any, depends on customerR1Resistor, 203k, ±1%VenkelR2Resistor, 50k, ±1%VenkelR3Resistor, 180k, ±1%VenkelR4Resistor, 67k, ±1%VenkelSi4844-B204. Functional DescriptionFigure4.Si4844-B Functional Block Diagram4.1. OverviewThe Si4844-B is the analog-tuned digital-display digital CMOS AM/FM/SW radio receiver IC that integrates the complete receiver function from antenna input to audio output. Working with an external MCU with LCD/LED driver, Si4844-B can output the AM/FM/SW frequencies, band, Bass/Treble and stereo/mono information to display on LCD/LED, while using a simple potentiometer at the front end for analog-tune. Leveraging Skyworks' proven and patented digital low intermediate frequency (low-IF) receiver architecture, the Si4844-B delivers superior RF performance and interference rejection in AM, FM and SW bands. The Si4844-B is pin-to-pin compatible with the current Si484x-A tuning. The Si4844-B shares the advanced features of the Si484x-A and can support a wider range of FM and SW bands. It also supports China TV channels and audio reception in the FM band. The superior control algorithm integrated in Si4844-B provides an easy and reliable control interface while eliminating all the manually tuned external components used in traditional solutions.Like other successful audio products from Skyworks, Si4844-B offers unmatched integration and PCB space savings with minimum external components and small board area on a single side PCB. The high integration and complete system production test simplifies design-in, increases system quality, and improves manufacturability. The receiver has very low power consumption, runs off two AAA batteries, and delivers the performance benefits of high performance digital radio experience with digital display to the legacy analog-tuned radio market.The Si4844-B provides good flexibility in using the chip. The frequency range of FM/AM/SW bands, mono/stereo threshold, de-emphasis value, AM tuning step, AM soft mute level/rate, and Bass/Treble can be either configured by the MCU or by using external hardware to make a selection. The reference clock of the FM tuner can be provided either by the crystal or by the host MCU within tolerance.Si4844-B also has flexibility in selecting bands and configuring band properties, enabling masked Host MCU for multiple projects, and reducing the cost of development. Four tuning preferences are available tomeet different tuning preference requirements.4.2. FM ReceiverThe Si4844-B integrates a low noise amplifier(LNA) supporting the worldwide FM broadcast band (64to 109MHz) and the TV audio stations within the fre quency range in China are also supported. The FM band can also be configured to be a wider range such as 64–108 MHz in one band.Pre-emphasis and de-emphasis is a technique used by FM broadcasters to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of FM receivers by reducing the effects of high frequency interference and noise. When the FM signal is transmitted, a pre-emphasis filter is applied to accentuate the high audio frequencies. All FM receivers incorporate a de-emphasis filter which attenuates high frequencies to restore a flat frequency response. Two time constants are used in various regions. The de-emphasis time constant can be chosen to be 50 or 75μs. Refer to “AN602: Si4822/26/27/40/44 Antenna, Schematic, Layout, and Design Guidelines.”The Si4844-B also has advanced stereo blending that employs adaptive noise suppression. As a signal quality degrades, the Si4844-B gradually combines the stereo left and right audio channels to a mono audio signal to maintain optimum sound fidelity under varying reception conditions. The Si4844-B can output a stereo signal to MCU with LCD/LED driver to display on the LCD/LED so that the user can easily discern the signal quality.The stereo on signal is defined using both RSSI and the Left and Right separation levels as these two specifications are the primary factors for stereo listening. The criteria can be set between two conditions: the Left and Right channels are separated by more than 6dB with RSSI at >20dB or Left and Right channels are separated by more than 12dB with RSSI at >28dB. The selection can be set up using different values of the external resistor or configured by the host MCU. Refer to “AN602: Si4822/26/27/40/44 Antenna, Schematic, Layout, and Design Guidelines.”The user can also refer to the “AN610: Si48xx ATDD Programming Guide” for those who want to configure the value by host MCU.4.3. AM ReceiverThe highly integrated Si4844-B supports worldwide AM band reception from 504 to 1750kHz with five sub-bands using a digital low-IF architecture with a minimum number of external components and no manual alignment required. This patented architecture allows for high-precision filtering, offering excellent selectivity and SNR with minimum variation across the AM band. Similar to the FM receiver, the Si4844-B optimizes sensitivity and rejection of strong interferers, allowing better reception of weak stations.To offer maximum flexibility, the receiver supports a wide range of ferrite loop sticks from 180–450μH. An air loop antenna is supported by using a transformer to increase the effective inductance from the air loop. Using a 1:5 turn ratio inductor, the inductance is increased by 25 times and easily supports all typical AM air loop antennas, which generally vary between 10 and 20μH.A 9, 10kHz tuning step can be chosen by the external resistor or host MCU according to the different regions, and AM soft mute level can be programmed by the host MCU to have different tuning experiences. One of the AM bands can be configured as a universal AM band that simultaneously supports 9kHz and 10kHz channel spaces for all regional AM standards worldwide. Refer to “AN610: Si48xx ATDD Programming Guide” and “AN602: Si4822/26/27/40/44 Antenna, Schematic, Layout, and Design Guidelines”for more details.4.4. SW ReceiverThe Si4844-B supports short wave band receptions from 2.3 to 28.5MHz in 5kHz step size increments. It can also be configured to have a wide SW band that can be used in SW radio with 1 or 2 SW banks. Si4844-B supports extensive short wave features such as minimal discrete components and no factory adjustments. The Si4844 supports using the FM antenna to capture short wave signals. Refer to “AN610: Si48xx ATDD Programming Guide”and “AN602: Si4822/26/27/40/44 Antenna, Schematic, Layout, and Design Guidelines”for more details.4.5. Frequency TuningA valid channel can be found by tuning the potentiometer that is connected to the TUNE1 and TUNE2 pin of the Si4844-B chip.To offer easy tuning, the Si4844-B also outputs the tuned information to the MCU with LCD/LED driver to display. It will light up the icon on display if the RF signal quality passes a certain threshold when tuned to a valid station. Multiple tuning preferences are available. The user can choose to have the best performance (volume, stereo/mono effect) only at the exact channel, or the best performance in a larger range. Refer to "AN610: Si48xx ATDD Programming Guide" for more details. 4.6. Band SelectThe Si4844-B supports worldwide AM band with five sub-bands, US/Europe/Japan/China FM band with five sub-bands, and SW band with 16 sub-bands. Si4844-B provides the flexibility to configure the band and band properties at either the MCU side or the Tuner side, enabling masked MCU for multiple projects. For details on band selection, refer to “AN602: Si4822/26/27/40/44 Antenna, Schematic, Layout, and Design Guidelines”and "AN610: Si48xx ATDD Programming Guide".4.7. Bass and TrebleThe Si4844-B further supports Bass/Treble tone control for superior sound quality. The Si4844-B can be set to be default normal, or programmed by the host MCU I2C-compatible 2-wire mode. FM has nine levels Bass/Treble effect and AM/SW has seven levels Bass/Treble effect. For further configuration details, refer to "AN610: Si48xx ATDD Programming Guide." 4.8. Volume ControlThe Si4844-B not only allows users to use the traditional PVR wheel volume control through an external speaker amplifier, it also supports digital volume control programmed by the host MCU. Si4844-B can be programmed to be Bass/Treble mode only or digital volume mode only; it can also be programmed to have the digital volume coexist with Bass/Treble in two modes. Refer to "AN610: Si48xx ATDD Programming Guide" and “AN602: Si4822/26/27/40/44 Antenna, Schematic, Layout, and Design Guidelines” for more details.4.9. Stereo Audio ProcessingThe output of the FM demodulator is a stereo multiplexed (MPX) signal. The MPX standard was developed in 1961, and is used worldwide. Today's MPX signal format consists of left + right (L+R) audio, left – right (L–R) audio, a 19kHz pilot tone.Figure5.MPX Signal Spectrum4.9.1. Stereo DecoderThe Si4844-B's integrated stereo decoder automatically decodes the MPX signal using DSP techniques. The 0 to 15kHz (L+R) signal is the mono output of the FM tuner. Stereo is generated from the (L+R), (L–R), and a 19kHz pilot tone. The pilot tone is used as a reference to recover the (L–R) signal. Output left and right channels are obtained by adding and subtracting the (L+R) and (L–R) signals respectively.4.9.2. Stereo-Mono BlendingAdaptive noise suppression is employed to gradually combine the stereo left and right audio channels to a mono (L+R) audio signal as the signal quality degrades to maintain optimum sound fidelity under varying reception conditions. Three metrics, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and multipath interference, are monitored simultaneously in forcing a blend from stereo to mono. The metric which reflects the minimum signal quality takes precedence and the signal is blended appropriately.All three metrics have programmable stereo/mono thresholds and attack/release rates. If a metric falls below its mono threshold, the signal is blended from stereo to full mono. If all metrics are above their respective stereo thresholds, then no action is taken to blend the signal. If a metric falls between its mono and stereo thresholds, then the signal is blended to the level proportional to the metric’s value between its mono and stereo thresholds, with an associated attack and release rate.0575338231915Frequency (kHz)ModulationLevel4.10. Stereo DACHigh-fidelity stereo digital-to-analog converters (DACs) drive analog audio signals onto the LOUT and ROUT pins. The audio output may be muted.4.11. Soft MuteThe soft mute feature is available to attenuate the audio outputs and minimize audible noise in very weak signal conditions. An advanced algorithm is implemented to get a better analog tuning experience. The soft mute feature is triggered by the SNR metric. The SNR threshold for activating soft mute is programmable, as are soft mute attenuation levels and attack and decay rates.4.12. Reference ClockThe Si4844-B supports programmable RCLK input (to XTALI pin) with the spec listed in Table7. It can be shared with the host MCU to save extra crystal.An onboard crystal oscillator is available to generate the 32.768kHz reference when an external crystal and load capacitors are provided. Refer to "AN602: Si4822/26/27/40/44 Antenna, Schematic, Layout, and Design Guidelines" for more details.4.13. Reset, Powerup, and Powerdown Setting the RSTB pin low will disable analog and digital circuitry, reset the registers to their default settings, and disable the bus. Setting the RSTB pin high will bring the device out of reset.Figure1 shows typical reset, startup, and shutdown timings for the Si4844-B. RSTB must be held low (asserted) during any power supply transitions and kept asserted as specified in Figure1 after the power supplies are ramped up and stable. Failure to assert RSTB as indicated here may cause the device to malfunction and may result in permanent device damage.A powerdown mode is available to reduce power consumption when the part is idle. Putting the device in powerdown mode will disable analog and digital circuitry while keeping the bus active.4.14. Memorizing StatusThe Si4844-B provides the feature to memorize status from the last power down with a simple design on PCB, including frequency of the FM/AM/SW station. Refer to “AN602: Si4822/26/27/40/44 Antenna, Schematic, Layout, and Design Guidelines”for details.4.15. Programming with CommandsTo ease development time and offer maximum customization, the Si4844-B provides a simple yet powerful software interface to program the receiver. The device is programmed using commands, arguments, properties, and responses.To perform an action, the user writes a command byte and associated arguments, causing the chip to execute the given command. Commands control an action such as powerup the device, shut down the device, or get the current tuned frequency. Arguments are specific to a given command and are used to modify the command. Properties are a special command argument used to modify the default chip operation and are generally configured immediately after powerup. Examples of properties are de-emphasis and soft mute attenuation threshold.Responses provide the user information and are echoed after a command and associated arguments are issued. All commands provide a 1-byte status update, indicating interrupt and clear-to-send status information. For a detailed description of the commands and properties for the Si4844-B, see "AN610: Si48xx ATDD Programming Guide."。

电子密码锁中英文对照外文翻译文献This article discusses the design of a matrix keyboard and LCD display based on a microcontroller unit (MCU) for use in electronic password locks。

The keyboard and display are crucial components of the lock。

allowing users to input their password and receive feedback on the lock's status。

The design includes a 4x4 matrix keyboard and a 16x2 LCD display。

both of which are controlled by the MCU。

The article provides a detailed n of the design process。

including the hardware and are components。

and XXX.nXXX and electronic components to provide users with access control。

One key component of these locks is the keyboard and display。

which allow users to input their password and receive feedback on the lock's status。

In this article。

we will discuss the design of a matrix keyboard and LCD display based on an MCU for use in electronic password locks.DesignThe design of the matrix keyboard and LCD display is based on an MCU。

3B SCIENTIFIC ® PHYSICSInstruction sheet12/16 SD/JSThe demo-multimeter is an electronic meter fea-turing a double scale for analog measurement of current and voltage in demonstration experi-ments. It is suitable for use as a free-standing in-strument or for setting up in training panel frames. The meter can handle measurements of current and voltage values and also allows the zero point to be set up in the centre of the scale for meas-urement of DC quantities. All the possible meas-uring ranges can be selected by means of a sin-gle rotary switch.This equipment is protected by fuses and au-tho-rised for making measurements in circuits directly connected to the low-voltage mains via plugs (CAT II), i.e. for measurements on house-hold appliances, for example. The current measuringranges are resistant to long-term overloading up to 10 A. Generous protection of all the current ranges by means of semiconductor circuit break-ers prevents the fuse blowing unintentionally in many cases.Switching between measuring ranges does not break any circuits connected to the equipment. This means it is possible to carry out measure-ments on voltage converters, for example, with-out causing induction surges. Resistance R , con-ductance G, impedance Z and admittance Ycan easily be determined as quotients of current and voltage measurements thanks to the non-inter-rupting switch capability without the need to change the wiring.The demo multimeter conforms to safety regula-tions for electrical measurement, control and la-boratory equipment, as specified in DIN EN 61010-1, protection class 2 and to measuring ca-tegory CAT II for up to 600 V. The nominal volt-age between the phase conductors and the neu-tral for voltage and current measurements (in cir-cuits directly connected to mains electricity) must not exceed 600 V in order to conform to CAT II. The meter is intended for measurements within its measuring ranges and in a measuring environ-ment as described in detail in the course of this manual. Safe operation of the multimeter is gua-ranteed if it is solely used as specified. Safety can-not be guaranteed, however, if the multimeter is used incorrectly or handled without due care and attention. In order to avoid serious injury due to current or voltage shocks, the following safety in-structions are to be observed at all times.The multimeter may only be used by persons who are able to recognise the risks of contact and take due precautions to avoid them. Voltages in ex-cess of 33 V AC (RMS) or 70 V DC are to be re-garded as actively dangerous if the current, charge or energy stored should exceed certain values (see DIN EN 61010-1).∙Carefully read the instruction manual before using the multimeter and obey the instruc-tions therein.∙The multimeter may only be used in a dry, dust-free environment with no risk of explo-sions occurring.The assumption needs to be made that unfore-seen voltages may be present in the vincinity of objects being measured (e.g. faulty equipment). ∙Before using the multimeter, check the hou-sing and measuring leads for damage and if there should be any malfunctions or visible damage, the multimeter is not to be used.Pay specific attention to the insulation for the measuring sockets.∙The multimeter may not be used to make measurement on circuits which exhibit co-rona discharge (high voltage).∙Particular care is to be taken when making measurements on high-frequency circuits where dangerous voltages may arise due to superimposition of components.∙The authorised measuring range is not to be exceeded. If measurements are made when the magnitude of the variable is unknown, al-ways select a large measuring range before shifting down to lower ones. ∙Make very sure that the voltage value be-tween the measured contact and earth or be-tween the ground socket and the measure-ment socket does not exceed 600 V.∙Before using the analogue multimeter to check that a voltage source is not exhibiting any actual voltage, check that the meter is working properly by selecting the battery test function.∙When measuring current, make sure the electricity is turned off before the analogue multimeter is connected into the circuit.∙When making measurements, always con-nect the ground lead first. Disconnect the sig-nal measurement lead before unplugging the ground.∙Turn off the multimeter before opening the casing, disconnect the power to the circuit and the measuring leads from the multimeter. If measurements are made where there are any risks of coming into contact with electricity, a sec-ond person is to be informed.∙The demo-multimeter should not be stored, set up or operated within reach of children. ∙When the multimeter is used by teenagers, trainees etc., a suitable person should super-vise to ensure the equipment is used safely. ∙If measurements are to be made where volt-ages exceed 33 V AC (RMS) or 70 V DC, be especially careful and only use safety experi-ment leads.Measuring categories according to DIN EN 61010-1.CAT I or unstipulated: Approved for measure-ments in circuits which are not directly connected to the low voltage mains grid (e.g. batteries). CAT II: Approved for measurements in circuits which are directly connected, by a mains lead and plug for instance, to the low voltage mains grid (e.g. household or office appliance and lab equipment).CAT III: Approved for measurements in circuits which are part of a building’s wiring installation (e.g. stationary consumers, distribution terminals, appliances connected directly to the distribution box).CAT IV: Approved for measurements in circuits which are directly connected to the source of the low voltage mains (e.g. electricity meters, main service feed, primary excess voltage protection).Scales: 0 … 10, linear0 … 3, linearScale length: 160 mmPointer deflection: 0…90°Electricalzero-point offset: in all DC rangesMeasurements:Voltage ranges: 0.1/ 0.3/ 1/ 3/ 10/ 30/100/ 300/ 600 V AC/DC Current ranges: 0.1/ 0.3/ 1/ 3/ 10/ 30/100/ 300 mA AC/DC1/ 3/ 10 A AC/DCInput resistance: 1 MΩ AC/DCVoltage drop whenmeasuring current: 100 mV approx. AC/DCReference conditions:Ambient temperature: 23 °COperating alignment: VerticalSignal form: Sine (1% max. discrep-ancy)Peak factor:Frequency range: 40 Hz … 50 Hz … 5 kHzAccuracy (at reference conditions):DC quantities: Class 2DC withzero-point offset: Class 5AC quantities: Class 3Extended frequency range (class 10):3 – 600 V: 40 Hz … 50 Hz … 40 kHz0,3 – 1 V: 40 Hz … 50 Hz … 10 kHz0,3 – 3000 mA: 40 Hz … 50 Hz … 40 kHz10 A: 40 Hz … 50 Hz … 40 kHz Resistance, conductance, impedance, admit-tanceThese quantities can be determined by forming various quotients involving “simultaneous meas-urements” of current and voltage.R = U / I: below 1 mΩ … above 10 MΩS = I / U: below 1 µS … above 30 SZ = U / I: below 1 mΩ … above 10 MΩ,40 Hz … 40 kHzY = I / U: below 1 µS … above 30 S,40 Hz … 40 kHz Voltage ranges: 600 V long-term in allvoltage ranges Current ranges: 10 A of long-term load-ing in 3-A and 10-ArangesElectrical safety:Safety specifications: EN 61010-1 Measuring category: CAT II: 600 V Contamination level: 2Protection type: IP20Connectors: 4-mm safety socketsProtection:Fuses: 2x FF 10 A/600 V(10 x 38 mm) Breaking capacity: at least 10 kA3B order number: 5008564Power supply:Battery: 1x 1.5 V, AA IEC LR6 Automatic cut-off after: 45 min ± 10 minElectromagnetic compatibility: Interference emission: EN 55011:2009 Interference resistance: EN 61326-1:2013Operating conditions:Ambient temperature: 5 °C ... 23 °C … 40°C Storage temperature: -20 … 70°CRelative humidity: <85% with no conden-sationGeneral data:Shock test: max. 147 m/s² Height: 297 mm Dimensions: 259 x 297 x 125 mm3 Weight: 1,7 kg approx.1 Display2 Slotted screw for zero calibration 3Toggle switch 1Zero point centre / left4 Calibration trimmer for settingcentre zero point5 Rotary switch to select the mea-surement range6 Ground socket7 Current measurement socket forup to 3 A8 Current measurement socket forup to 10 A9 Voltage measurement socket 10 Toggle switch 2AC / DC voltage measurements 11 Power switch4.2 Rear12 Cover plate for battery andfuses13 Rating plate 14 Fuse diagram 15 Lower edge 16 FeetDisplayFrontRearEarth symbol∙ Set up the demo multimeter vertically.∙ Do not connect measuring leads to begin with.∙ ∙The needle will point to the zero point of the scale on the left. If it does not, the amount of charge of the battery should be checked.7.1 To switch on:∙7.2 Checking battery charge: ∙ Turn on the demo-multimeter. ∙ Disconnect all measuring leads.∙ Set the toggle switch 2 to .∙Set the rotary switch to.If the battery is sufficiently charged, the needle to the following range indication,If this is not the case, the battery will7.3 Zero point calibration:∙ Turn on the demo-multimeter. ∙ Turn the rotary switch to 600 V.∙ Connect the common/ground socket and thevoltage measurement socket together by means of a short connecting lead.∙ Turn the zero-point trimmer screw to adjustthe zero point as needed.7.4 Zero point calibration for centre zeropoint:For measurements of DC current and voltage, the zero point of the scale can be moved to the centre of the dial. For this purpose the scales are la-belled with red numbers..∙ Turn on the demo-multimeter. ∙ Disconnect all measuring leads.∙ Set the toggle switch 2 to . ∙ ∙Use the zero-point trimmer to line up the nee-dle precisely in the centre of the dial (red di-vision).7.5 To switch off:∙ Set the power switch to .∙Set the four-way switch to .When the meter is turned off, the needle points to.7.6 If a measurement is interrupted by batterycut-out:After 45 minutes of use, the multimeter is auto-matically shut off and the needle will then point to. To switch back on:∙ Set the power switch of the multimeter to offand then use it to turn the meter back on.∙If measurements are made when the magni-tude of the variable is unknown, always selecta large measuring range before shifting downto lower ones.∙Connect the terminal at the lower potential to the common/ground socket.∙Connect the common/ground lead first and only then the signal lead.8.1 DC currents up to 3 A:∙Set the toggle switch 2 to .∙Alternatively, if measurements are to be∙Select the required current measuring range to a range measured in mA or A.8.2 AC currents up to 3 A:∙∙Select the required current measuring range to a range measured in mA or A.∙Set up a measuring range of 10 A.∙Connect the terminal at the lower potential to the common/ground socket.∙Connect the common/ground lead first and only then the signal lead.9.1 DC currents up to 10 A:∙Set the toggle switch 2 to .∙Alternatively, if measurements are to be9.2 AC currents up to 10 A:∙∙If measurements are made when the magni-tude of the variable is unknown, always select a large measuring range before shifting down to lower ones.∙Connect the common/ground lead first and only then the signal lead.10.1 DC voltages up to 600 V:∙ Set the toggle switch 2 to .∙Alternatively, if measurements are to be∙ Select the required measuring range to a range measured in V.∙For measurements of voltage up to 100 mV, set the rotary switch to the range 0.1 mA/100 mV.10.2 AC voltages up to 600 V:∙∙ Select the required measuring range to a range measured in V.∙For measurements of voltage up to 100 mV, set the rotary switch to the range 0.1 mA/100 mV.11.1 DC voltages and currents:∙ Set the toggle switch 2 to .∙Use the rotary switch to set the desired volt-age measuring range and read off the meas-urement.∙Set a suitable current measuring range and read off the measurement.11.2 AC voltages and currents:∙∙Use the rotary switch to set the desired volt-age measuring range and read off the meas-urement.∙Set a suitable current measuring range and read off the measurement.The demo-multimeter has a compartment which houses both the battery and fuses and which is accessible at the rear once its cover is opened. One fuse each is provided for the 3 A and 10 A sockets:FF10 A/600 V, breaking capacity: at least 10 kA (3B order number: 5008564)The polarity is indicated by plus and minus signs inside the fuse holder compartment. A mechani-cal system ensures the battery makes no contact if it is inserted the wrong way round.Battery and fuse compartment12.1 Battery testing:Batteries which are discharged and have not been used for a while may leak.12.2 Changing the battery:∙Remove the cover at the rear.∙Replace flat batteries with 1.5-V alkaline bat-teries of size AA IEC LR6.∙Place the negative pole of the battery on thespring.∙Close the cover again afterwards.12.3 Changing fuses:∙Remove the cover at the rear.∙Check the fuses.∙Blown fuses should be replaced with ones ofthe same rating.∙Close the cover again afterwards.∙For cleaning, use a soft cloth, slightly mois-tened with alcohol, or a brush.Electrostatic charging of the display window canaffect the measurements under certain circum-stances:∙To remove such charge, use a soft clothslightly soaked in alcohol or a paint brush.Dirt or moisture in the measurement sockets canaffect readings.∙Shake out any dirt that may be in the meas-urement sockets.∙Soak a new swab with isopropyl alcohol andwork around the inside of each measurementsocket.∙The packaging should be disposed of at localrecycling points.Should you need to dis-pose of the equipment it-self, never throw it away innormal domestic waste. Ifbeing used in privatehouseholds it can be dis-posed of at the local publicwaste disposal authority.∙Comply with the applicable regulations for thedisposal of electrical equipment.∙Do not dispose of the batteries in the regularhousehold garbage. Follow the applicable le-gal regulations (UK: Waste Batteries and Ac-cumulators Regulations, EU: 2006/66/EC).3B Scientific GmbH ▪ Rudorffweg 8 ▪ 21031 Hamburg ▪ Germany ▪ 。