当前位置：文档之家 › 无机化学英文课件

无机化学英文课件

  • 格式：ppt
  • 大小：4.04 MB
  • 文档页数：42

下载文档原格式

  / 42

合集下载

无机化学课件第一章 化学热力学基础(英语)

无机化学课件第一章 化学热力学基础(英语)
DH = H (products) – H (reactants)
DH = heat given off or absorbed during a reaction at constant pressure
Hproducts < Hreactants DH < 0
Hproducts > Hreactants
H2O (s)
H2O (l) DH = 6.01 kJ
6.3
Thermochemical Equations
Is DH negative or positive? System gives off heat Exothermic DH < 0
890.4 kJ are released for every 1 mole of methane that is combusted at 250C and 1 atm.
interest in the study.
SURSRYOSUTENMDINGS
open Exchange: mass & energy
closed energy
isolated nothing 6.2
Exothermic process is any process that gives off heat – transfers thermal energy from the system to the surroundings.
Establish an arbitrary scale with the standard enthalpy of formation (DH0f ) as a reference point for all enthalpy expressions.

无机化学英文版

无机化学英文版

due to the excess KMnO4.
Copyright 1999, PRENTICE HALL
Chapter 20
Байду номын сангаас
5
Balancing Oxidation-Reduction Equations
Balancing Equations by the Method of HalfReactions
• MnO4- is reduced to Mn2+ (pale pink) while the C2O42is oxidized to CO2.
• The equivalence point is given by the presence of a pale pink color.
• If more KMnO4 is added, the solution turns purple
Electrochemistry
Copyright 1999, PRENTICE HALL
Chapter 20
Chapter 20
1
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions
• Zn added to HCl yields产量the spontaneous自发的reaction Zn(s) + 2H+(aq) Zn2+(aq) + H2(g).
Half-Reactions
• Half-reactions are a convenient way of separating oxidation and reduction reactions.
Copyright 1999, PRENTICE HALL
Chapter 20

专业英语第二章(无机化学)

专业英语第二章(无机化学)
Radon
Company Logo
二 化合物的命名
化合物的命名顺序都是根据化学式从左往右读， 这与中文读法顺序是相反的。表示原子个数时使用前 缀 ： mono- di - tri- tetra - pentahexa- hepta- octa-，nona-, deca-,但是 在不会引起歧义时，这些前缀都尽可能被省去。
* 氰根（CN-）和氢氧根（OH-）视同单原子 阴离子。
Company Logo
Company Logo
Company Logo
A Z
A = Z + N (neutrons number)
triply charged ion 三电荷离子
Company Logo
❖ IA ❖ Hydrogen ❖ Lithium ❖ Sodium ❖ Potassium ❖ Rubidium ❖ Cesium ❖ Francium
name
Company Logo
Names of Anions（阴离子的命名）
1） Monatomic anions（单原子阴离子）： 元素名称的词干 + -ide + ion
例：F-： fluoride ion （F：fluorine）；
Cl-： chloride ion （Cl：chlorine）； Br-：bromide ion （Br：bromine）； I-： iodide ion （I：iodine）
❖ Inorganic chemistry is the study of the synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds. It has applications in every aspect of the chemical industry–including catalysis, materials science, pigments, surfactants, coatings, medicine, fuel, and agriculture. Inorganic chemists are employed in fields as diverse as the mining and microchip industries, environmental science, and education.

无机化学英文课件：Chapter 3 Chemical kinetics

无机化学英文课件：Chapter 3 Chemical kinetics
The collision theory is based on the kinetic molecular theory of gases and mainly apply in bimolecular gas-phase reaction.
Example：The reaction of O3 with NO
Activation energy of a reverse reaction Ea ( reverse) = Eac - E(Ⅱ)
ΔrHm= E(Ⅱ) - E(Ⅰ)= [Eac - Ea(reverse)] -[Eac -Ea(forward)]
Example： NO(g) + O3(g)→ NO2(g)+ O2(g)
NO Its activated complex O O O，has high potential energy Eac , is very unstable, and decomposes quickly into product molecules NO2 and O2。
Subtracting lnk1 from lnk2 and rearranging it
gives
ln k2 k1
=
Ea R
⎜⎜⎝⎛
1 T1
−1 T2
⎟⎟⎠⎞
The orders of magnitude of Ea are between 40 ~400 kJ·mol-1 . For most reactions , values
4200
3.61×10−4
1200 3.61 × 10 −4
5400
3.68 ×10 −4
The ratio is constant. Therefore, the reaction

大学化学无机化学双语教学课件PPT--Chapter 11 Coordination

大学化学无机化学双语教学课件PPT--Chapter 11 Coordination
实验测定
CoCl2 NH3 H2O2 CoCl3 6NH3 H2O
Ag 3AgCl 表明？
CoCl3
6NH
3
强碱无NH3 , 表明？ 强碱,加热12NH3 Co2O3
,
表明？
CO32或PO43
检验不出Co
2
1–1 The Definition of Coordination Compounds
CuSO4 4 NH 3 [Cu(NH3)4 ]SO4 SiF4 2 HF H2[SiF6 ] 3NaF AlF3 Na 3[AlF6 ]
A complex molecule or ion that is bound together by a coordination bond, called coordination unit.
2.centrosome
posi阳tiv离e io子n ：[Cu(H 2O)4 ]2 cent中ral 心atom原子：Fe(CO)5 min少or a数nio阴n 离子：HCo(CO)6 Met金alli属c ce中ntr心oid体：[Co(NH3 )]3 Non非-m金eta属llic中心体：HBF4
Chapter 11 Coordination Compounds
§11－1 Basic Conception
• The basic concept consists of simple compounds that further form complex intermolecular compounds.
centrosomes
3、Ligand
(1)按配体电荷分类： • Page862, table19-1
阴离子：X 、OH 、SCN 、PO43、H 中心分子：CO、H 2O、P H3 (2)按配体的配位原子数分类

无机化学无机化学英文PPT19

无机化学无机化学英文PPT19
repared in ether
3n LiH ＋ n AlCl3
(AlH3)n ＋ 3n LiCl
(AlH3)n is white aggregated compound, when excessed in LiH， Li(AlH4) can be formed.
3. Aluminum compounds
12.4 The aluminum and its compounds
1. Extraction and smelting of aluminum
Bauxite NaOH Na[Al(OH)4]
Al2O3
Solution
CO2 Al(OH)3 Precipitation
Separation and calcination Relatively
(3) The aluminum halide
AlF3 AlCl3 AlBr3
AlI3
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
Covalent molecules: low melting point, volatile, soluble in organic solvents, easy to form dimer.
(2) Aluminum hydroxide: Al(OH)3
Amphoteric： Al(OH)3+ 3H+ Al(OH)3+ OH-
Al3+ + 3H2O [Al(OH)4]-
In alkaline solution, there are [Al(OH)4]- or [Al(OH)6]3Simple writing is AlO2- or AlO33-
Al(OH)3

无机化学无机化学英文PPT8

无机化学无机化学英文PPT8

Molecular polarizability α (×10-40C·m2 ·a
polarizability
molecular formula
polarizability
He
0.227 HCl
2.85
Ne
0.437 HBr
3.86
Ar
1.81
HI
5.78
Kr
分子的极性及对极性强弱的定量判断是通 过测定分子的偶极矩来实现的。
偶极矩 u =0的共价键叫非极性共价键， 偶极矩 u ≠0的共价键叫极性共价键； 偶极矩 u =0的分子叫非极性分子， 偶极矩 u ≠0的分子叫极性分子
Dipole moment to quantitative measure the molecular
Factors influencing the degree of molecular deformability
External cause: the stronger the applied electric field, the more severe the molecular deformation; Internal cause: The larger the molecule volume, the greater the molecular deformation.
5.33 6.17 4.90 9.85 6.37 3.57
CHCl3
3.50
HBr
2.67
H2S
3.67
HI
1.40
2. Molecular polarizability
to quantify the degree of deformation of a molecule, in which, its deformability refers to the displacement of the positive and negative center (from overlap to misoverlap, and from small to large dipole).

无机化学无机化学英文PPT25

无机化学无机化学英文PPT25

FeS + 2H+ Na2S + H2SO4
Fe2+ + H2S↑ Na2SO4 + H2S↑
• Molecular structure：is similar to that of water
• Weak acid, and easy ionization in water
• Reducibility
• The formation and molecular structure characteristics of persulfuric acid
Oxyacid
molecular formula
form
Structural features
permonosulphuric acid peroxydisulfuric acid
H2SO5 H2S2O8
1H in H2O2 is replaced by -SO2(OH) 2H in H2O2 is replaced by -SO2(OH)
• most of S atoms in the oxoacid molecule belong to sp 3 hybridized.
[O O
(3) Sulfur trioxide
Pure SO3 is a volatile colorless solid and it is also a strong oxidant which can burn elemental phosphorus and also oxidize iodide to elemental iodine; In industry, it is mainly used to produce sulfuric acid.

无机化学无机化学英文PPT24

无机化学无机化学英文PPT24

Electrolysis method：First electrolyze saturated ammonium bisulfate solution to prepare ammonium peroxodisulfate:
2NH4HSO4
(NH4)2S2O8 + H2↑ (anode) (cathode)
For example：
2H2O H2O2
3OHHO2- + OH-
= 1.763V
Θ= 0.695V Θ
= 0.867V
Θ= -0.076V Θ
H2O2 +2I¯+ 2H+ = I2 + 2H2O PbS + 4H2O2 = PbSO4 + 4H2O 2CrO2¯+ 3H2O2 + 2OH¯= 2CrO42- + 4H2O
(1) Its product are H2O and OH- without other ions. (2) It is easy to decompose, so it must be stored away from light and impurities and not be used after expiration. (3) The medical concentration is 3%, too high a concentration will cause certain damage to the skin. (4) Strong oxidizability (acid), weak reducibility
4OH- E = 0.401V
(2) the properties and uses of O2

无机化学无机化学英文PPT21

无机化学无机化学英文PPT21

SiO2 4HF SiF4 (g) 2H 2O
Silicic acid and silicate
Silicic acids
H4SiO4 Orthosilicic acid H2SiO3 Metasilicic acid, binary weak acid xSiO2•yH2O Polysilicic acid
(1) Solubility： Except IA silicate, others are insoluble. In general, the
soluble Na2SiO3 is used as sodium silicate, or foam alkali. The plug during the long-term storage of NaOH, Na2CO3 bottles is used by rubber, not glass.
Solubility: Na2SiO3, K2SiO3 Silicate Insolubility: Most are insoluble in water and
have characteristic colors
The water garden
Silicate (x SiO2 y H2O) x = 1 ， y = 1 ， H2SiO3 Metasilicate x = 1 ， y = 2 ， H4SiO4 Orthosilicate x = 2 ， y = 1 ， H2Si2O5 Two metasilicate x = 2 ， y = 3 ， H6Si2O7 The focal silicate
The reducibility of SnCl2: In the acid or base system, the reduced ability is relative strong

无机化学无机化学英文PPT7

无机化学无机化学英文PPT7
影响晶格能的因素：
① 离子的电荷(晶体类型相同时) Z↑，U↑ 例：U(NaCl)<U(MgO)
② 离子的半径(晶体类型相同时) R↑，U↓ 例：U(MgO)>U(CaO)
③ 晶体的结构类型
④ 离子电子层结构类型
The factors that affect the lattice energy： ① Charge of ions (same crystal type) Z↑，U↑ such as：U(NaCl)<U(MgO) ② Radius of ions (same crystal type) R↑，U↓ such as：U(MgO)>U(CaO) ③ The type of crystal structure ④ The electron layer structure of ion
Illustrated scheme of polarization of cations
The ionic polarization results in the transition from ionic crystals to molecular crystals, leading to the decreased melting and boiling points, and even the solubility of substances
Considering the strength of ionic bond, the melting point of Al2O3 should be higher than that of MgO, but this is not true. This phenomenon is due to that the covalent component of Al2O3 is larger, and molecular crystal is formed.

无机化学英文课件：chapter 18 Hydrogen and the rare gases

无机化学英文课件：chapter 18 Hydrogen and the rare gases

having various oxidation numbers
Outer electron configurations：ns2np1 ~ 5 Example：The oxidation numbers of chlorine
are +1，+3，+5，+7，-1，0。 Inert electron pair effect (惰性电子对效应)：
E (ClO3/Cl2 ) 1.458V
E (BrO3/Br2 ) 1.513V E (IO3/I2 ) 1.209V
E
(ClO4
/ClO
3
)
1.226V
E (BrO4/BrO3 ) 1.763V
E (H5IO6/IO3 ) 1.60V
③ The properties of last three p-block elements in the same group (elements in the 4th, 5th and 6th rows) change soft-progressively (due to insertion of d-block and f-block).
18.4 The rare gas compounds
1.Synthesis：XePtF6 (red crystal)
idea 思路：O2[PtF6] has been synthesized O2 O2 e I1 1171.5kJ mol-1
Xe Xe e I1 1176.5kJ mol-1
18.4 The rare gas compounds
18.5 Summarry on the main group elements
18.1 The discovery of the rare gases

无机化学英文课件

无机化学英文课件

17.1.2 The compounds of copper
17.1.3
The copper family ions in aqueous solution and the related reactions
17.1.1 The elemental substances of
copper fam
4.355 208.5，强热时 分解，混有机 物时见光变
黑
2.22(20℃)， 水溶液呈中 性，易溶于甘 油，可溶于乙 醇，几乎不溶 于浓 HNO3
硫酸银
三氯化金
白色晶体
深红色吸水性固 体
5.40
2.44
660，1085℃
时分解为
Ag，SO2 和
196
O2
0.75(18℃)， 1.4（100℃），
17.1.2 The compounds of copper
1.The compounds of copper
Precipitates：
CuCl CuBr CuI CuSCN CuCN Cu2S
Ksp large
small
The important compounds of copper：
氧化态 化合物
2Ag H2S Ag 2S(s) H2 (g)
2Ag
2H
4I
2AgI
2
H2 (g)
2Cu
2H
4CS(NH
硫脲
2
)
2
2Cu[CS(NH 2
) 2 ]2
H2 (g)
HCl
(3) Cu,Ag and Au are soluble in oxidizing acids Cu 4HNO3(浓) Cu(NO3)2 2NO2 2H2O
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

CN- [Cu(CN) 2 ]
2. Identification of Cu2+ ion：(弱酸性)
2Cu 2 [Fe(CN) 6 ]4 Cu红2[F棕e(CN) 6 ](s)
3. The conversion between Cu(II) and Cu(I) •Aqueous solution：stability Cu(I)<Cu(II)
Chapter 17 The d-block elements(Ⅱ)
§17.1 The elements of copper family
§17.2 The elements of zinc family
§17.1 The elements of copper family
17.1.1 The elemental substances of copper family
17.1.2 The compounds of copper
1.The compounds of copper
Precipitates：
CuCl CuBr CuI CuSCN CuCN Cu2S
Ksp large
small
The important compounds of copper：
氧化态 化合物
2Ag(NH3)2 HCHO 3OH-
℃沸腾
1.5（25℃），难 溶于水。在空气 中吸湿后变绿，
溶于氨水
The complexes of copper:
The coordination number of Cu(I) in the
corresponding complexes is usually 2.
Complexes: CuCl2-,CuBr2-,CuI2-,Cu(SCN)2-,Cu(CN)2-
颜色和状态 密度(g/cm-2)
熔点/℃ 受热时的情
况
溶解度 (g/100gH2O)
(无水盐)
+2 氧化铜 CuO
棕黑色粉末 6.32~6.43
1148 1000℃时分 解为，加热 时能被 H2、 CO 还原为 Cu2O 或 Cu
几乎不溶于 水(2.3×10--3 3%)，易溶于
氨水
+2 硫酸铜 CuSO4·5H2O
中
硝酸银 无色菱形片
状晶体
4.355 208.5，强热时 分解，混有机 物时见光变
黑
2.22(20℃)， 水溶液呈中 性，易溶于甘 油，可溶于乙 醇，几乎不溶 于浓 HNO3
硫酸银
三氯化金
白色晶体
深红色吸水性固 体
5.40
2.44
660，1085℃
时分解为
Ag，SO2 和
196
O2
0.75(18℃)， 1.4（100℃），
(1) Cu,Ag,Au can’t displace H+ ions in dilute acid (poor reduction ability)；
(2)Forming precipitates or complexes can strengthen reduction ability of the elemental substances；
易溶于 NH3 水，不溶于醇
溶于少量水中呈 红棕色，在大量水 中呈红黄色，易溶 于醇、醚中，在酸
类，较易溶于 性溶液中稳定，中
浓 H2SO4 中
性溶液中则析出 Au
The features of the compounds of Ag：
• Most compounds are insoluble
soluble：AgNO3, AgF, AgClO4 insoluble：AgCl, AgBr, AgI, AgCN, AgSCN,
17.1.2 The compounds of copper
17.1.3
The copper family ions in aqueous solution and the related reactions
17.1.1 The elemental substances of
copper family
•m.p and b.p are lower than that of other transition metals
•Good conductor of heat and electricity, the order is Ag>Cu>Au
•Good ductibility
3.Chemical properties • reacts with oxygen 2Cu O2 2CuO(黑)
2Ag 2H2S O2 2Ag2S 2H2O
银器年久变黑.
• Reacts with X2
Cu Cl2 常温下反应 Ag Cl 2 常温下反应较慢 Au Cl 2 只能在加热条件下进行
Chemical reactive order ：Cu>Ag>Au
• reacts with acids
17.1.3 The copper ions in aqueous solution and the related reactions
1. The oxidation ability of Cu2+ ion
2Cu2 4I 2CuI(s,白) I2
I-
CuI
2
(无色)
2Cu2 4CN- 2CuCN(s,白) (CN)2
1 2
Cl2
4. Chemical reactions of Ag(I) ion
(1)2Ag 2OH- Ag2O(s,褐) H2O
(2)2Ag
2NH
3
H2O
Ag2O(s)
2NH
4
Ag2O 4NH 3 H2O 2Ag(NH 3 )2 2OH -
Silver mirror reaction (银镜反应)：
Kf
small
Example：
large
Cu
Cu2
4HCl(
浓)
2CuCl
2
(泥黄色)+4H+
H2O
CuCl(s,白)
Cu2+ 0.161V Cu+ 0.52V Cu
Cu2+ 0.447V CuCl2- 0.232V Cu
The product Cu(NH3)2+ is unstable and can be oxidized in air.
Cu2O(s) C6H12O7 2H2O 4OH
Testing diabetes：红色为有病，蓝色没有病
Cu2 NH3(适量) Cu2 (浅OH蓝)2SO4 (s)NH3(过量)Cu深(N蓝H3)24
Cu2 P2O74-(适量) Cu2P2O7 (s)P2O74- (过量) Cu(P2O7 )62
Cu(NH
3
)
2 4
0.013V
Cu(NH
3
)
2
-0.128V
Cu
The coordination number of Cu(II) in the corresponding complexes is usually 4.
Cu2 OH (适量) Cu浅(O蓝H)2 (s)OH (过量,浓) Cu深(O蓝H)24 2[Cu(OH) 4 ]2 C6H12O6
2Ag H2S Ag 2S(s) H2 (g)
2Ag
2H
4I
2AgI
2
H2 (g)
2Cu
2H
4CS(NH
硫脲
2
)
2
2Cu[CS(NH 2
) 2 ]2
H2 (g)
HCl
(3) Cu,Ag and Au are soluble in oxidizing acids Cu 4HNO3(浓) Cu(NO3)2 2NO2 2H2O
2. The compounds of Ag and Au
Some common compounds of Ag and Au
颜色和状态 密度(g/cm-2)
熔点/℃ 受热时的变
化
溶解度 (g/100gH2O)
氧化银
暗棕色粉末
7.52
300℃以上即 分解为 Ag 和
O2
0.002~0.005 (20℃)，微溶 于水，呈碱 性，易溶于 HNO3 和 NH3 水
Cu2O H2SO4 CuSO 4 Cu H2O
Cu2+ 0.161V Cu+ 0.52V Cu E (右)＞E (左)，Cu+易歧化，不稳定。
2Cu+ Cu2++Cu ， K =1.0×106 Question: How can we calculate the standard equilibrium constant of the above reaction?
4M O2 2H 2O 8CN 4[M(CN) 2 ] 4OH
4Cu O2 2H2O 8NH3 4[Cu(NH3)2 ] (无色) 4OH
O2
[Cu(NH 3 )4 ]2 (蓝)
Aqueous ammonia can’t be shipped in copper containers.
•The stability of Cu(I) increases in the presence of ligands and precipitating agent
Cu2O 2HCl 2CuCl(s) H2O
Cu2+ 0.859V CuI - 0.185V Cu Cu2+ 0.447V CuCl2- 0.232V Cu Cu2+ 0.561V CuCl 0.117V Cu Cu(NH3)42+ 0.013V Cu(NH3)2+ -0.128V Cu