【国际经济学专题考试试卷十】Externalities

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《国际经济学》选择题汇总版（附答案）Ch1-Ch31.The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries becauseA)the United States is a relatively large country with diverse resources.B)the United States is a“ Superpower. ”C)the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything.D)the United States invests in many other countries.E)many countries invest in the United States.2. Because the Constitution forbids restraints on interstate trade,A)the U.S. may not impose tariffs on imports from NAFTA countries.B)the U.S. may not affect the international value of the $ U.S.C)the U.S. may not put restraints on foreign investments in California if it involves a financial intermediary in New York State.D)the U.S. may not impose export duties.E)the U.S. may not disrupt commerce between Florida and Hawaii.3.International economics can be divided into two broad sub-fields A) macro and micro.B) developed and less developed.C) monetary and barter.D) international trade and international money.E) static and dynamic.4.International monetary analysis focuses onA)the real side of the international economy.B)the international trade side of the international economy.C)the international investment side of the international economy.D)the issues of international cooperation between Central Banks.E)the monetary side of the international economy, such as currency exchange.5.The gravity model offers a logical explanation for the fact thatA)trade between Asia and the U.S. has grown faster than NAFTA trade.B) trade in services has grown faster than trade in goods.C) trade in manufactures has grown faster than in agricultural products.D) Intra-European Union trade exceeds international trade by the EuropeanUni on.E) the U.S. trades more with Western Europe than it does with Canada.6.The gravity model explains whyA)trade between Sweden and Germany exceeds that between Sweden and Spain.B)countries with oil reserves tend to export oil.C)capital rich countries export capital intensive products.D)intra-industry trade is relatively more important than other forms of tradebetween neighboringcountries.E)European countries rely most often on natural resources.7. Why does the gravity model work?A)Large economies became large because they were engaged in international trade.B)Large economies have relatively large incomes, and hence spend more on governm ent promotion of trade and investment.C)Large economies have relatively larger areas which raises the probability that a pro ductive activity will take place within the borders of that country.D)Large economies tend to have large incomes and tend to spend more on impor ts.E) Large economies tend to avoid trading with small economies.8.We see that the Netherlands, Belgium, and Ireland trade considerably more with the United States than with many other countries.A)This is explained by the gravity model, since these are all large countries.B)This is explained by the gravity model, since these are all small countries.C)This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are smallcountri es.D)This fails to be consistent with the gravity model, since these are large countries.E)This is explained by the gravity model, since they do not share borders.9.In the present, most of the exports from Chinaare A) manufactured goods.B) services.C)primary products including agricultural.D) technology intensive products.E) overpriced by world market standards.10.A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because itA) is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively.B) is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it could domestically.C) is producing exports using fewer labor units.D) is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units.E) is producing exports while outsourcing services.11.The Ricardian model attributes the gains from trade associated with the principle o f comparative advantage result toA) differences in technology.B)differences in preferences.C)differences in labor productivity.D)differences in resources.E)gravity relationships among countries.12. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find itsconsump tion bundleA)inside its production possibilities frontier.B)on its production possibilities frontier.C)outside its production possibilities frontier.D)inside its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.E)on its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.13.Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the United Sta tes equal $20 per hour while wages in Japan are $10 per hour. Production costs would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan ifA)U.S. labor productivity equaled 40 units per hour and Japan's 15 units per hour.B)U.S. labor productivity equaled 30 units per hour and Japan's 20 units per hour.C)U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 units per hour and Japan's 30 units per hour.D)U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Japan's 25 units per hour.E)U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 units per hour and Japan's 40 units per hour.14.In a two-country, two-product world, the statement“ Germanyenjoys acomparativ e advantage over France in autos relative toships ”is equivalent toA) France having a comparative advantage over Germany in ships.B) France having a comparative disadvantage compared to Germany in autos and ship s.C) Germany having a comparative advantage over France in autos and ships.D) France having no comparative advantage over Germany.E) France should produce autos.15.If the United States' production possibility frontier was flatter to the widget axis, whereas Germany's was flatter to the butter axis, we know thatA)the United States has no comparative advantageB)Germany has a comparative advantage in butter.C)the U.S. has a comparative advantage in butter.D)Germany has comparative advantages in both products.E)the U.S. has a comparative disadvantage in widgets.Ch4-Ch51.The Ricardian model of international trade demonstrates that trade can bemutually beneficial. Why, then, do governments restrict imports of some goods?A)Trade can have substantial effects on a country's distribution of income.B)The Ricardian model is often incorrect in its prediction that trade can bemutually beneficial.C)Import restrictions are the result of trade wars between hostile countries.D)Imports are only restricted when foreign-made goods do not meet domestic standar ds of qualityE) Restrictions on imports are intended to benefit domestic consumers.2.Japan's trade policies with regard to rice reflect the fact thatA) japanese rice farmers have significant political power.B) Japan has a comparative advantage in rice production and therefore exports most o f its rice crop.C) there would be no gains from trade available to Japan if it engaged in free trade in r ice.D) there are gains from trade that Japan captures by engaging in free trade in rice.E) Japan imports most of the rice consumed in the country.3.In the specific factors model, which of the following is treated as a specific factor?A)LaborB)LandC)ClothD)FoodE)Technology4.The specific factors model assumes that there are ________ goods and ________ fa ctor(s) of production.A) two; threeB) two; two C)two; one D)three; two E)four; three5.The slope of a country's production possibility frontier with cloth measured on the horizontal and food measured on the vertical axis in the specific factors model is equa l to ________ and it ________ as more cloth is produced.A)-MPLF/MPLC; becomes steeperB)-MPLF/MPLC; becomes flatterC)-MPLF/MPLC; is constantD)-MPLC/MPLF; becomes steeperE)-MPLC/MPLF; is constant6.Under perfect competition, the equilibrium price of labor used to produce clothwill be equal toA)the slope of the production possibility frontier.B)the average product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.C)the ratio of the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth to the marginal product of labor in the production of food times the ratio of the price of cloth. to the price of food.D)the marginal product of labor in the production of cloth times the price of cloth.E)the price of cloth divided by the marginal product of labor in the production of clot h.7.In the specific factors model, which of the following will increase the quantity ofla bor used in cloth production?A)an increase in the price of cloth relative to that of foodB) an increase in the price of food relative to that ofcloth C) a decrease in the price of laborD) an equal percentage decrease in the price of food and clothE) an equal percentage increase in the price of food and cloth8.A country that does not engage in trade can benefit from trade only ifA)it has an absolute advantage in at least one good.B)it employs a unique technology.C)pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are not identical.D)its wage rate is below the world average.E)pre-trade and free-trade relative prices are identical.9.In the specific factors model, the effects of trade on welfare are ________ for mobil e factors, ________ for fixed factors used to produce the exported good, and ________ for fixed factors used to produce the imported good.A)ambiguous; positive; negativeB) ambiguous; negative; positive C)positive; ambiguous; ambiguous D)negative; ambiguous; ambiguous E)positive; positive; positive10.The effect of trade on specialized employees of import-competing industries willb e ________ jobs and ________ pay because they are relatively ________.A)fewer; lower; mobileB)fewer; lower; immobileC)more; lower; immobileD)more; higher; mobileE)more; higher; immobile11. There is a bias in the political process against free trade becauseA)there is a high correlation between the volume of imports and the unemployment ra te.B)the gains from free trade cannot be measured.C)those who gain from free trade can't compensate those who lose.D)foreign governments make large donations to U.S. political campaigns.E) those who lose from free trade are better organized than those who gain.12.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, the two countries differin A)tastes and preferences.B)military capabilities.C)the size of their economies.D)relative abundance of factors of production.E)labor productivities.13.If a country produces good Y (measured on the vertical axis) and good X (measure d on the horizontal axis), then the absolute value of the slope of its production possibil ity frontier is equal toA)the opportunity cost of good X.B) the price of good X divided by the price of good Y.C) the price of good X divided by the price of goodY. D) the opportunity cost of good Y.E)the cost of capital (assuming that good Y is capital intensive) divided by the costof labor.14.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, trade will ________ the owners ofa country's ________ factor and will ________ the good that uses that factor intensiv ely.A)benefit; abundant; exportB)harm; abundant; importC)benefit; scarce; exportD)benefit; scarce; importE)harm; scarce; export15.The assumption of diminishing returns in the Heckscher-Ohlin model means that, unlike in the Ricardian model, it is likely thatA) countries will consume outside their production possibility frontier.B) countries will benefit from free international trade.C) countries will not be fully specialized in one product.D)comparative advantage will not determine the direction of trade.E)global production will decrease under trade.16.If Japan is relatively capital rich and the United States is relatively land rich, and if food is relatively land intensive then trade between these two, formerly autarkic coun tries will result inA)an increase in the relative price of food in the U.S.B)an increase in the relative price of food in Japan.C)a global increase in the relative price of food.D)a decrease in the relative price of food in both countries.E)an increase in the relative price of food in both countries.17.Starting from an autarky (no-trade) situation with Heckscher-Ohlin model, if Coun try H is relatively labor abundant, then once trade beginsA) rent will be unchanged but wages will rise in H.B) wages and rents should rise in H.C) wages and rents should fall in H.D) wages should fall and rents should rise in H.E) wages should rise and rents should fall in H.18.The Leontieff ParadoxA)failed to support the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.B)supported the validity of the Ricardian theory of comparative advantage.C)supported the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.D)failed to support the validity of the Ricardian theory.E)proved that the U.S. economy is different from all others.19. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A)Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors a cross borders.B)An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.C)In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D)The wage-rental ratio determines the capital-labor ratio in a country's industr ies.E)Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country, which determines the good in which the country will have a comparative advantage.20. Which of the following is an assertion of the Heckscher-Ohlin model?A)An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of the labor-i ntensive good and decrease production of the capital-intensive good.B)An increase in a country's labor supply will increase production of both the capital-intensive and the labor-intensive good.C)In the long-run, labor is mobile and capital is not.D)Factor price equalization will occur only if there is costless mobility of all factors a cross borders.E)Factor endowments determine the technology that is available to a country, which determines the good in which the country will have a comparative advantage.Ch6-Ch101.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) increases in thei nternational marketplace, thenA)the terms of trade of cloth exporters will improve.B)all countries would be better off.C)the terms of trade of food exporters will improve.D)the terms of trade of all countries will improve.E) the terms of trade of cloth exporters will worsen.2.If the ratio of price of cloth (PC) divided by the price of food (PF) increases in thei nternational marketplace, thenA)world relative quantity of cloth supplied will increase.B)world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will increase.C)world relative quantity of cloth supplied and demanded will decrease.D)world relative quantity of cloth demanded will decrease.E)world relative quantity of food will increase.3.If the U.S. (a large country) imposes a tariff on its imported good, this will tend toA)have no effect on terms of trade.B)improve the terms of trade of the United States.C)improve the terms of trade of all countries.D)because a deterioration of U.S. terms of trade.E)raise the world price of the good imported by the United States.4.If Slovenia were a large country in world trade, then if it instituted a large set of sub sidies for its exports, this mustA)decrease its marginal propensity to consume.B)have no effect on its terms of trade.C)improve its terms of trade.D)harm its terms of trade.E)harm world terms of trade.5.Internal economies of scale arise when the cost per unitA)falls as the average firm grows larger.B)rises as the industry grows larger.C)falls as the industry grows larger.D)rises as the average firm grows larger.E)remains constant over a broad range of output.6. External economies of scale will ________ average cost when output is ________ by _______.A)reduce; increased; the industryB)reduce; increased; a firmC)increase; increased; a firmD)increase; increased; the industryE)reduce; reduce; the industry7.If some industries exhibit internal increasing returns to scale in each country, we sh ould not expect to seeA) perfect competition in these industries.B) intra-industry trade between countries.C)inter-industry trade between countries.D)high levels of specialization in both countries.E)increased productivity in both countries.8.A learning curve relates ________ to ________ and is a case of ________ returns.A) unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic decreasing returnsB)output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic increasing returnsC)unit cost; cumulative production; dynamic increasing returnsD)output per time period; long-run marginal cost; dynamic decreasing returnsE)labor productivity; education; increasing marginal returns9.Patterns of interregional trade are primarily determined by ________ rather than __ ______ because factors of production are generally ________.A)external economies; natural resources; mobileB)internal economies; external economies; mobileC)external economies; population; immobileD)internal economies; population; immobileE)population; external economies; immobile10.Monopolistic competition is associatedwith A) product differentiation.B) price-taking behavior.C) explicit consideration at the firm level of the strategic impact of other firms' pricing decisions. D) high profit margins in the long run.E) increasing returns to scale.11.A firm in long-run equilibrium under monopolistic competition will earnA)positive monopoly profits because each sells a differentiated product.B)zero economic profits because of free entryC)positive oligopoly profits because each firm sells a differentiated product.D)negative economic profits because it has economies of scale.E)positive economic profit if it engages in international trade.12.The most common form of price discrimination in international tradeis A) dumping.B) non-tariff barriers.C) Voluntary Export Restraints.D) preferential trade arrangements.E) product boycotts.13.Consider the following two cases. In the first, a U.S. firm purchases 18% of a forei gn firm. In the second, a U.S. firm builds a new production facility in a foreign countr y. Both are ________, with the first referred to as ________ and the second as ______ __.A)foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; brownfield; greenfieldB)foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; greenfield; brownfieldC)foreign direct investment (FDI) outflows; greenfield; brownfieldD)foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows; brownfield; greenfieldE)foreign direct investment (FDI); inflows; outflows14. Specific tariffs areA)import taxes stated in specific legal statutes.B)import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods.C)import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of the imported goods.D)the same as import quotas.E)import taxes calculated based solely on the origin country.15.A problem encountered when implementing an "infant industry" tariff isthat A) domestic consumers will purchase the foreign good regardless of thetariff. B) the industry may never "mature."C)most industries require tariff protection when they are mature.D)the tariff may hurt the industry's domestic sales.E)the tariffs fail to protect the domestic producers.16.In the country levying the tariff, the tariff will A)increase both consumer and producer surplus.B) decrease both the consumer and producer surplus.C) decrease consumer surplus and increase producer surplus.D) increase consumer surplus and decrease producer surplus.E) decrease consumer surplus but leave producers surplus unchanged.17.If the tariff on computers is not changed, but domestic computer producers shift fr om domestically produced semiconductors to imported components, then the effective rate of protection in the computer industry willA) increase.B) decreaseC) remain the same.D)depend on whether computers are PCs or "Supercomputers."E)no longer apply.18.When a government allows raw materials and other intermediate products to enter a country duty free, this generally results in a(an)A) effective tariff rate less than the nominal tariff rate.B) nominal tariff rate less than the effective tariff rate.C) rise in both nominal and effective tariff rates.D) fall in both nominal and effective tariff rates. E) rise in only the effective tariff rat e.19.Should the home country be "large" relative to its trade partners, its imposition ofa tariff on imports would lead to an increase in domestic welfare if the terms of thetra de rectangle exceed the sum of theA) revenue effect plus redistribution effect.B) protective effect plus revenue effect.C) consumption effect plus redistribution effect.D)production distortion effect plus consumption distortion effect.E)terms of trade gain.20.The efficiency case made for free trade is that as trade distortions such as tariffs ar e dismantledand removed,A) government tariff revenue will decrease, and therefore national economic welfare will decreaseB) government tariff revenue will decrease, and therefore national econo mic welfare will increase.C) deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease, henceincreasin g national economic welfare.D)deadweight losses for producers and consumers will decrease, hence decreasing na tional economic welfare.E)government tariff revenue will increase, hence increasing national economic welfar e.21.Which organization determines procedures for the settlement of international trade disputes?A)World BankB)World Trade OrganizationC)International Monetary OrganizationD)International Bank for Reconstruction and DevelopmentE)The League of Nations22.Today U.S. protectionism is concentratedin A) high-tech industries.B) labor-intensive industries.C) industries in which Japan has a comparative advantage.D)computer intensive industries.E)capital-intensive industries.23.The quantitative importance of U.S. protection of the domestic clothing industryis best explained by the fact thatA)this industry is an important employer of highly skilled labor.B)this industry is an important employer of low skilled labor.C)most of the exporters of clothing into the U.S. are poor countries.D)this industry is a politically well organized sector in the U.S.E)the technology involved is very advanced.欢迎下载1124.The optimum tariff is most likely to applyto A) a small tariff imposed by a small country.B) a small tariff imposed by a large country. C)a large tariff imposed by a small country. D) alarge tariff imposed by a large country. E) anad valorem tariff on a small country.25.The median voter modelA)works well in the area of trade policy.B)is not intuitively reasonable.C)tends to result in biased tariff rates.D)does not work well in the area of trade policy.E)is not widely practiced in the United States.欢迎下载12。

国际经济学试题及答案（题库）

国际经济学试题及答案（题库）国际经济学习题集及参考答案一、填空、选择、判断题（每题1分）：第一章：1、国际贸易理论以微观经济学原理为基础，讨论世界范围内的资源配置问题。

2、最常用国际贸易模型的结构形式为两个国家、两种产品（或部门）和两种要素。

3、在完竞争的假设前提下，封闭条件下的相对价格是国际贸易产生的基础。

4、国家间的供给、需求方面的差异是造成相对价格的根源。

5、贸易后，国际均衡价格由两国的供需共同决定，国际均衡价格处于两国封闭下的相对价格之间。

6、国际贸易利益包括两个部分：来自交换的利益和来自专业化的利益。

7、贸易理论主要围绕三个问题展开：国际贸易的格局、国际贸易的条件、国际贸易的收益。

第二章：1、斯密的绝对优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的绝对差别；李嘉图的比较优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的相对差别。

2、哈伯勒首先用机会成本概念来阐明比较优势论。

3、重商主义者提倡的国家经济政策有：限制进口和鼓励出口，采取奖金、退税、协定和殖民地贸易等措施鼓励出口。

4、李嘉图认为在国际贸易中起决定作用的不是绝对成本，而是相对成本。

5、斯密的绝对优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的绝对差别；劳动生产率的比较优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的相对差别。

6、在李嘉图模型中，生产可能性边界线方程是一个线性方程式，表示A、B两国的PPF曲线是一条直线段。

7、重商主义者提倡的国家经济政策有：限制进口和鼓励出口，采取奖金、退税、协定和殖民地贸易等措施鼓励出口。

8、李嘉图认为在国际贸易中起决定作用的不是绝对成本，而是相对成本。

9、机会成本概念表明：彼种选择的机会成本就构成此种选择的机会成本。

选择题：1、首先用机会成本理论来解释比较优势原理的学者是： C、A、李嘉图B、罗布津斯基C、哈伯勒D、穆勒第三章：1、要素禀赋理论最初是由赫克歇尔和俄林提出的，后经萨缪尔森等人加工不断完善。

国际经济学考试试题

国际经济学考试试题一、单项选择题（每题 2 分，共 30 分）1、从国际经济资源流动的难度看，最容易流动的要素是（）A 商品B 资本C 人员D 技术2、假定闭关自守的状态下，X 商品的价格，在 A 国是 10 美元，在 B 国是 8 美元，C 国是 6 美元，并且 A 国是小国，不能通过贸易影响 B 国和 C 国的价格。

如果 A 国对从 B 国和 C 国进口的 X 商品最初征收非歧视性的 100%的从价税，那么，A 国是（）A 贸易创造国B 贸易转移国C 贸易受损国D 无法确定3、比较优势理论认为国际贸易的驱动力是（）A 劳动生产率的差异B 技术水平的差异C 产品品质的差异D 价格的差异4、以下哪种贸易政策会降低本国的福利水平（）A 出口补贴B 进口关税C 进口配额D 自愿出口限制5、能反映规模经济理论本意的是（）A 规模报酬递减B 规模报酬递增C 规模报酬不变D 以上都不对6、幼稚产业保护论的提出者是（）A 亚当·斯密B 大卫·李嘉图C 汉密尔顿D 李斯特7、当一国政府对某种产品征收进口关税时，若该产品的需求弹性大于供给弹性，生产者与消费者承担关税的程度是（）A 前者大于后者B 后者大于前者C 两者相等D 不确定8、一国货币贬值对其进出口收支产生何种影响（）A 出口增加，进口减少B 出口减少，进口增加C 出口增加，进口增加D 出口减少，进口减少9、在浮动汇率制下，当一国国际收支出现逆差时，该国货币汇率会（）A 上升B 下降C 不变D 不确定10、以下哪项不是国际收支平衡表中的项目（）A 经常项目B 资本项目C 错误与遗漏项目D 国内生产总值项目11、购买力平价理论的基础是（）A 一价定律B 利率平价C 相对购买力平价D 绝对购买力平价12、国际收支调整的弹性分析法的假设前提不包括（）A 不存在国际资本流动B 汇率由货币当局决定C 马歇尔勒纳条件成立D 进出口商品的供给弹性无穷大13、下列属于直接标价法的是（）A 1 美元=68 人民币B 1 人民币=015 美元C 1 英镑=12 欧元D 1 欧元=085 英镑14、蒙代尔弗莱明模型主要分析在资本完全流动的情况下，（）政策的有效性。

国际经济学第10章在线测试 (1)

《国际经济学》第10章在线测试答题须知：1、本卷满分20分。

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第一题、单项选择题（每题1分，5道题共5分）1、按照相对购买力平价理论，汇率的变化等于（）A 、两国货币的相对购买力B 、两国物价指数之比C 、两国通货膨胀率的差异D 、两国通货膨胀率的比值2、按照弹性价格货币模型，汇率水平或波动由（）决定A 、两国货币需求的水平或变化B 、两国通货膨胀率水平或差异C 、两国物价指数水平或变化D 、货币相对供给水平或变化3、根据无抛补的利率平价，预期的即期汇率变化率等于两国（）A 、汇率差异B 、价格指数差异C 、利率差异D 、经济增长率差异4、在固定汇率制度下，中央银行通过（）维持汇率稳定A 、当外汇需求大于供给时，买进外汇B 、行政命令不准改变汇率C 、外汇的供给小于外汇的需求，买进外汇D 、外汇的供给大于外汇的需求时，买进外汇5、下列说法错误的是（）A 、人民币汇率属于直接标价法B 、美元属于直接标价法C 、间接标价法是以一定单位的本国货币作为标准，折算为外国货币来表示其汇率D 、直接标价法是以一定单位的外国货币作为标准，折算为本国货币来表示其汇率第二题、多项选择题（每题2分，5道题共10分） 1、下列哪些是外汇的特点（）A 、自由兑换性B 、国际性C、非国内性D、可偿性E、普遍接受性2、按照外汇可兑换限制程度的不同，外汇可以划分为( )A、自由兑换外汇B、有限制兑换外汇C、不可兑换外汇D、非贸易外汇E、即期外汇3、汇率的标价方式包括A、固定汇率B、浮动汇率C、直接标价法D、间接标价法E、套算汇率4、关于固定汇率制度的说法，正确的包括（）A、较少的不稳定投机B、较低程度的不确定性C、容易造成汇率制度僵化D、容易促进输入性通货膨胀E、规范政府的宏观经济行为5、关于浮动汇率制度，下列说法正确的包括（）A、较高的市场效率B、自动调节外部均衡C、货币政策失效D、不利于国际贸易和国际投资E、容易造成竞争性贬值第三题、判断题（每题1分，5道题共5分）1、按照相对购买力平价理论，通货膨胀率高的国家货币贬值。

克鲁格曼国际经济学第10版英文答案国际贸易部分krugman_intlecon10_im_12_GE

Chapter 12Controversies in Trade Policy⏹Chapter OrganizationSophisticated Arguments for Activist Trade PolicyTechnology and ExternalitiesImperfect Competition and Strategic Trade PolicyBox: A Warning from Intel’s FounderCase Study: When the Chips Were UpGlobalization and Low-Wage LaborThe Anti-Globalization MovementTrade and Wages RevisitedLabor Standards and Trade NegotiationsEnvironmental and Cultural IssuesThe WTO and National IndependenceCase Study: A Tragedy in BangladeshGlobalization and the EnvironmentGlobalization, Growth, and PollutionThe Problem of “Pollution Havens”The Carbon Tariff DisputeSummary⏹Chapter OverviewAlthough the text has shown why, in general, free trade is a good policy, this chapter considers two controversies in trade policy that challenge free trade. The first regards strategic trade policy. Proponents of activist government trade intervention argue that certain industries are desirable and may be underfunded by markets or dominated by imperfect competition and warrant some government intervention. The second controversy regards the recent debate over the effects of globalization on workers, the environment, and sovereignty. While the anti-globalization arguments often lack sound structure, their visceral nature demonstrates that the spread of trade is extremely troubling to some groups.As seen in the previous chapters, activist trade policy may be justified if there are market failures. One important type of market failure involves externalities present in high-technology industries due to their knowledge creation. Existence of externalities associated with research and development and high technology make the private return to investing in these activities less than their social return. This means© 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.64 Krugman/Obstfeld/Melitz •International Economics: Theory & Policy, Tenth Editionthat the private sector will tend to invest less in high-technology sectors than is socially optimal. Although there may be some case for intervention, the difficulties in targeting the correct industry and understanding the quantitative size of the externality make effective intervention complicated. To address this market failure of insufficient knowledge creation, the first best policy may be to directly support research and development in all industries. Still, although it is a judgment call, the technology spillover case for industrial policy probably has better footing in solid economics than any other argument.Another set of market failures arises when imperfect competition exists. Strategic trade policy by a government can work to deter investment and production by foreign firms and raise the profits of domestic firms.An example is provided in the text that illustrates the case where the increase in profits following the imposition of a subsidy can actually exceed the cost of a subsidy to an imperfectly competitive industryif domestic firms can capture profits from foreign firms. Although this is a valid theoretical argument for strategic policy, it is nonetheless open to criticism in choosing the industries that should be subsidized and the levels of subsidies to these industries. These criticisms are associated with the practical aspects of insufficient information and the threat of foreign retaliation. The case study on the attempts to promote the semiconductor chips industry shows that neither excess returns nor knowledge spillovers necessarily materialize even in industries that seem perfect for activist trade policy.The next section of the chapter examines the anti-globalization movement. In particular, it examines the concerns over low wages in poor countries. Standard analysis suggests that trade should help poor countries and, in particular, help the abundant factor (labor) in those countries. Protests in Seattle, which shut down WTO negotiations, and subsequent demonstrations at other meetings showed, though, that protestors either did not understand or did not agree with this analysis.The concern over low wages in poor countries is a revision of arguments in Chapter 2. Analysis in the current chapter shows again that trade should help the purchasing power of all workers and that if anyone is hurt, it is the workers in labor-scarce countries. The low wages in export sectors of poor countriesare higher than they would be without the export-oriented manufacturing, and although the situation of these workers may be more visible than before, that does not make it worse. Practically, the policy issue is whether or not labor standards should be part of trade pacts. Although such standards may act in ways similar to a domestic minimum wage, developing countries fear that such standards would be used as a protectionist tool. A case study on the 2013 collapse of a garment factory in Bangladesh highlights this tension. The Bangladeshi garment industry would not be globally competitive if it had to raise labor standards to rich country standards. Bangladeshi garment workers, though very poorly paid by rich country standards, earn more than workers in non-export sectors. A potential solution would be for consumers in rich countries to pay more for goods certified to have been produced under improved labor standards, thereby giving producers in poor countries both the means and the incentive to improve labor standards,Anti-globalization protestors were by no means united in their cause. There were also strong concerns that export manufacturing in developing countries was bad for the environment. Again, the issue is whether these concerns should be addressed by tying environmental standards into trade negotiations, and the open question is whether this can be done without destroying the export industries in developing countries. Globalization raises questions of cultural independence and national sovereignty. Specifically, many countries are disturbed by the WTO’s ability to overturn laws that do not seem to be trade restrictions but which nonetheless have trade impacts. This point highlights the difficulty of advancing trade liberalization when the clear impediments to trade—tariffs or quotas—have been removed, yet national policies regarding industry promotion or labor and environmental standards still need to be reformed.© 2015 Pearson Education LimitedThe final section of the chapter examines the link between trade and the environment. In general, production and consumption can cause environmental damage. Yet, as a country’s GDP per capita grows, the environmental damage done first grows and then eventually declines as the country gets rich enough to begin to protect the environment. As trade has lifted incomes of some countries, it may have been bad for the environment—but largely by making poor countries richer, an otherwise good thing. In theory, there could be a concern about “pollution havens,” that is countries with low environmental standards that attract “dirty” industries. There is relatively little evidence of this ph enomenon thus far. Furthermore, the pollution in these locations tends to be localized and is therefore better left to national rather than international policy. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the cap and trade system for greenhouse gases (an example of transboundary pollution) currently being debated in the U.S. Congress. Part of this policy aimed at reducing carbon emissions is an imposition of a “carbon tariff” on imports from countries that do not have their own carbon taxes. Proponents argue that such tariffs are necessary to prevent production from shifting to pollution havens and to reduce the overall level of carbon emissions, while opponents argue that these tariffs are simply more protectionism masquerading as environmental regulation.Answers to Textbook Problems1. The main disadvantage is that strategic trade policy can lead to both “rent-seeking” and beggar-thy-neighbor policies, which can increase one country’s welfare at the other country’s expense. Such policies can lead to a trade war in which every country is worse off, even though one country could become better off in the absence of retaliation. This is the danger in enacting strategic trade policy: It often provokes retaliation, which, in the long run, can make everyone worse off. Furthermore, it can be difficult to identify both which industries to subsidize and how much to subsidize them. Failure to correctly identify these factors can lead to a net loss from a subsidy.2. Globalization has many pros and cons, well-illustrated in famous controversies—like the onestimulated by Joseph Stiglitz’s book, Globalization and Its Discontents. Initiatives like the Doha Development Agenda try to address some of them and find solutions acceptable to every country. 3. The results of basic research may be appropriated by a wider range of firms and industries thanthe results of research applied to specific industrial applications. The benefits to the United States of Japanese basic research would exceed the benefits from Japanese research targeted to specific problems in Japanese industries. A specific application may benefit just one firm in Japan, perhaps simply subsidizing an activity that the market is capable of funding. General research will provide benefits that spill across borders to many firms and may be countering a market failure, externalities present in the advancement of general knowledge.4. The reason why strategic trade policies attract retaliation from other countries is because they presentthe same problems that are faced when considering the use of a tariff to improve the terms of trade.Strategic policies are, in essence, a type of beggar-thy-neighbor policies that increase one country’s welfare at other countries’ expense. A good example is represented by export quot as on scarcemineral ores—like the one adopted by China for Rare Earth Elements (REE) exports since 2006—that have already provoked filing a complaint to the WTO by the US, the EU, and Japan.。

国际经济学试卷试题包括答案.docx

国际经济学试题及答案

国际经济学试题及答案一、单项选择题1.从国际经济资源流动的难度看，最容易流动的要素是（A ）A.商品B.资本C.人员D.技术2.在比较利益模型中，两种参与贸易商品的国际比价（C ）A.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之上B.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之下C.在两国贸易前的两种商品的国内比价之间D.与贸易前的任何一个国家的国内比价相同3.比较利益理论认为国际贸易的驱动力是（A ）A.劳动生产率的差异B.技术水平的差异C.产品品质的差异D.价格的差异4.在绝对技术差异理论与相对技术差异理论中，机会成本是（D ）A.递增B.递减C.先递增后递减D.不变5.不能解释产业内贸易现象的理论有（B ）A.重叠需求理论B.要素比例理论C.规模经济理论D.垄断竞争理论6.能反映规模经济理论本意的是（B ）A.规模报酬递减B.规模报酬递增C.规模报酬不变D.规模成本递增7.不改变贸易结构，只改变贸易规模的增长方式有（C ）A.偏向进口的生产要素增长B.偏向出口的生产要素增长C.生产要素等比例增长D.悲惨的增长8.最佳关税水平应等于（B）A.零进口关税B.零进口关税与禁止性关税之间的水平C.禁止性关税D.禁止性关税以上9.世界贸易组织秘书处设在（B ）A.日内瓦B.纽约C.布鲁塞尔D.乌拉圭10.在国际卡特尔订价中，当产品的需求弹性越小，卡特尔订价水平就（B）A.越低B.越高C.不变D.不确定11.下述哪一种不属于投机性外汇交易（D）A.双边套汇B.多边套汇C.套利D.套期保值12.下述几种货币中，哪一种是实行联合浮动的货币（D ）A.英镑B.日元C.美元D.人民币13.下述哪一种属于国际收支的事后项目（D ）A.进出口B.利息收支C.直接投资D.特别提款权变动14.在分析货币贬值对贸易收支的影响时，小国所面临的供给弹性是（D ）A.零B.小于需求弹性C.大于需求弹性D.无穷大15.发展中国家主要采取的汇率制度是（C ）A.固定汇率制B.浮动汇率制C.钉住汇率制D.联合浮动制16.在1997年东南亚金融危机中，最早出现金融动荡的国家是（B）A.印度尼西业B.泰国C.日本D.韩国17.劳动力在各国间的流动通常会使劳动力流出国（D）A.财政总收入增加，公共设施利用率提高B.财政总收入增加，公共设施利用率下降C.财政总收入减少，公共设施利用率提高D.财政总收入减少，公共设施利用率下降18.产业内贸易更容易发生于（C）A.富国与穷国之间B.类似的高手入国家之间C.发达国家与发达国家之间D.发展中国家之间19.根据相互需求原理，两国均衡的交换比例取决于（C）A.两国的绝对优势B.两国的比较优势C.两国的相对需求强度D.两国的要素禀赋20.以下选项中，那个选项不属于国际收支系统中居民的概念（C）A.外国企业B.非盈利机构C.国际经济组织D.政府21.布雷顿森林体系创立了（B）A.以英镑为中心的固定汇率制度B.以美元为中心的固定汇率制度C.以英镑为中心的有管理的浮动汇率制度D.以美元为中心的有管理的浮动汇率制度22.以下选项中，属于国际间接投资的是（D）A.在外国设立分公司B.在国外设立独资企业C.在国外设立合资企业D.购买国外企业债券23.经济非均衡的无形传导方式不包括（D）A.技术转让B.信息交流C.信息回授D.示范效应24.在斯图旺表中第三象限表示（C）A.通货膨胀与国际收支顺差并存B.衰退与国际收支顺差并存C衰退与国际收支逆差并存 D.通货膨胀与国际收支逆差并存25.下列哪个不是国际经济学研究的内容（D）A.国际贸易纯理论研究B.外汇理论研究C.跨国公司研究D.国内消费水平研究26.关于出口贫困化增长，下列命题不正确的是（D）A.出口的贫困化增长的根源在于贸易条件的恶化B.出口的贫困化增长不是一种普遍的现象C.出口的贫困化增长会降低本国的福利水平D.出口的贫困化增长是经济发展过程中的一种必然现象27.产品的水平差异是指（D）A.采用新技术制造的新产品带来的差异B.产品质量方面的差异C.同质产品D.商品由于相同属性的不同组合而产生的差异性28.货币的含金量之比又称（B）A.购买力平价B.铸币平价C.铸币数量D.铸币本位29.从国际经济学的角度来考察，构成经济活动的基本单位或行为主体是（D）A.企业B.居民户C.家庭D.国家30.布雷顿森林体系规定，美元与其挂钩的是（C）A.特别提款权B.一揽子货币C.黄金D.白银31.下列选项中不属于比较利益学说的假设是（B）A.以劳动价值论为基础B.要素是完全流动的C.要素和产品市场都是完全竞争的D.收入分配不受贸易影响32.以下选项中，哪个选项不属于金融账户的内容（C）A.证券投资B.其他投资和储备资产C.债务减免D.直接投资33.国际经济一体化组织的建立对各成员国产生的静态影响包括(A)A．贸易创造和贸易转向B.贸易创造和大市场效应C.贸易转向和竞争效应 D.大市场效应和竞争效应二、多项选择题1.下列属于非关税壁垒措施的有（ABCDE ）A.自愿出口限制B.歧视性的公共采购C.对外贸易的国家垄断D.技术和卫生检疫标准E.进口许可证2.以下哪些组织形式属于国际经济一体化组织（ABCD ）A.自由贸易区B.关税同盟C.共同市场D.经济联盟E.北约3.制订一个最佳的国际卡特尔产品价格，所需考虑的影响因素有（ABCDE ）A.产品收入弹性B.卡特尔市场占有率C.非卡特尔厂商产品的供给弹性D.卡特尔产品的需求弹性E.非卡特尔的市场份额4.基本项目收支差额包括（ABC ）A.商品贸易收支B.服务贸易收支C.资本项目收支D.官方结算收支E.金融资产变动项目收支5.一国在实现外部平衡的过程中，可供选择的政策措施有（ABCDE ）A.融通资金B.外汇管制C.汇率浮动D.调整经济E.限制进口6.18世纪中叶，指出重商主义理论存在重要缺陷的经济学家包括（AD）A.斯密B.李嘉图C.马尔萨斯D.休谟E.杜格尔7.新古典国际贸易理论主要包括（ABCD）A.H-O理论B.S-S理论C.H-O-S理论D.R理论E.比较优势理论8.一国实行对外开放后，从打破国内垄断中可以获得的利益包括（ABCDE）A．消费者享受较低的国际价格B.企业产量不断增加C.本国福利水平提高D.形成公平的竞争格局E.企业竞争力增强9.发展中国家尚不成熟的主要表现有（ABCD）A.一级市场融资渠道不畅B.银行系统受政府严格控制C.人为控制的贷款利息率水平D.“黑市”的存在E.没有投机活动10.国际收支调整的重要基础理论是（BCD）A.调整论B.货币论C.弹性论D.平衡论11.国际收支不平衡的类型有（ABDE）A．周期性不平衡B.结构性不平衡C.货币性不平衡D.价格性不平衡E．收入性不平衡12.自由贸易将会对不同部门生要素的收入产生不同的影响，其中包括（ABE）A.出口部门专门生产要素收入水平提高B.进口竞争部门专门生产要素收入水平降低C.共同生产要素收入水平上升D.共同生产要素收入水平维持不变E.共同生产要素收入水平无法确定13.货币贬值对国内吸收的直接影响包括（ABC）A.货币余额效应B.收入再分配效应C.货币幻觉效应D.引致支出效应E.价格变动效应14.下列关于共同市场的叙述正确的有(ABC)A.成员国建立了共同对外关税B.实现了商品自由贸易C.实现了生产要素与服务的自由流动D．成员国间需要在技术标准、税收制度、金融法规等方面加以协调15.下列经济交易中属于国际收支平衡表资本与金融项目统计的内容有（ABC）A.短期证券买卖B.票据买卖C.短期信贷D.利息收支16.国际收支弹性分析法的基本假定包括（ABCD）A.国内总体价格水平保持不变B.不存在国际资本流动C.汇率由货币当局控制且相对稳定D.汇率变动能够有效影响进出口的商品价格17.国际货币体系包括的内容有(ABCDE)A.汇率制度的确定B.各国货币的兑换性C.国际储备资产的确定D.国际收支的调节方式E.国际金融事务的协商和组织三、名词解释1.生产者剩余答：生产者剩余是指生产者愿意接受的价格和实际接受的价格之间的差额。

国际经济学第10章在线测试

《国际经济学》第10章在线测试
A B
C D
、按照弹性价格货币模型，汇率水平或波动由（
A B
C D
、根据无抛补的利率平价，预期的即期汇率变化率等于两国（）
A B
C D
、在固定汇率制度下，中央银行通过（
A B
C D
、下列说法错误的是
A B
C、间接标价法是以一定单位的本国货币作为标准，折算为外国货币来表示其汇率
D
折算为本国货币来表示其汇率
D、可偿性
E、普遍接受性
2、按照外汇可兑换限制程度的不同，外汇可以划分为( )
A、自由兑换外汇
B、有限制兑换外汇
C、不可兑换外汇
D、非贸易外汇
E、即期外汇
3、汇率的标价方式包括
A、固定汇率
B、浮动汇率
C、直接标价法
D、间接标价法
E、套算汇率
4、关于固定汇率制度的说法，正确的包括（）
A、较少的不稳定投机
B、较低程度的不确定性
C、容易造成汇率制度僵化
D、容易促进输入性通货膨胀
E、规范政府的宏观经济行为
5、关于浮动汇率制度，下列说法正确的包括（）
A、较高的市场效率
B、自动调节外部均衡
C、货币政策失效
正确错误、当用间接标价法表示外汇汇价时，数值越大，意味着本币价值越高。

正确错误、当用直接标价法表示外汇汇价时，数值越大，意味着本币价值越高。

正确错误、按照外汇的来源和用途不同，外汇可以分为贸易外汇和非贸易外汇。

正确错误、汇率的资产组合分析方法认为本国债券和外国债券是完全替代的。

正确错误。

国际经济学(外语)习题10

Chapter 10 - Statement of International TransactionsI. Objective Questions1. Which of the following transactions would not be a component of the balance of trade?(a) an American automobile dealer buys cars from Volkswagon in West Germany.(b) an American multinational establishes a foreign subsidiary.(c) an American multinational receives a shipment of goods from its foreign subsidiary.(d) the U.S. exports wheat to Russia.2. Interest earned on American held foreign assets would be included in(a) the balance on merchandise trade.(b) the balance on goods and services.(c) the capital account balance.(d) none of the above.3. The capital account measures the(a) difference between capital inflows and outflows.(b) total value of foreign assets held.(c) total return on foreign assets.(d) all of the above.4. Under a system of fixed exchange rates, the exchange rate is maintained through(a) balance of payments disequilibrium.(b) maintaining a constant level of official reserves.(c) changes in the level of official reserves.(d) changes in the volume of international trade.5. Countries with a trade deficit are(a) usually capital-importing.(b) usually capital-exporting.(c) exporting more than they are importing.(d) none of the above.6. A U.S. government grant-in-aid to Poland would be included in(a) the balance on goods and services.(b) the balance on merchandise trade.(c) the current account balance.(d) none of the above.7. A decrease in foreign assets in the U.S. is a(a) capital outflow and a "minus" entry on the balance of payments.(b) capital outflow and a "plus" entry on the balance of payments.(c) capital inflow and a "minus" entry on the balance of payments.(d) capital inflow and a "plus" entry on the balance of payments.8. In the balance of payments accounts(a) both direct foreign investment (DFI) and income from it appear in the capital account.(b) DFI appears in the current account and income from it appears in the capital account.(c) DFI appears in the capital account and income from it appears in the current account.(d) both DFI and income from it appear in the current account.9. In the balance of payments accounts all of the following are autonomous items except(a) imports.(b) exports.(c) foreign investment.(d) changes in official reserves.10. Which of the following is a limitation of balance of payments statistics?(a) some accounts, such as private capital flows, are inaccurate.(b) the commodity composition of trade is not reflected.(c) the sales of foreign subsidiaries are not included.(d) all of the above.11. Which of the following is not an example of a unilateral transfer?(a) a U.S. foreign aid package to Pakistan.(b) a U.S. government loan to Poland.(c) money sent by naturalized Americans to their families in their home countries.(d) none of the above.12. Which governmental agency compiles international transactions statement statistics?(a) Special Trade Representative.(b) Franklin Mint.(c) Department of Commerce.(d) International Trade Commission.U.S. International Transactions Table 20XX ($ bill.)1. Merchandise exports 202. Merchandise imports -303. Service exports 104. Service imports -55. Income receipts on U.S. assets abroad 106. Income payments on foreign assets in the U.S. -57. Government grant, private remittances -58. Change in U.S. private assets abroad, net -109. Change in foreign private assets in the U.S., net 2010. Statistical discrepancy ?11. Change in U.S. Official Reserves, net -512. Change in Foreign Official Reserves, net 10 Use the above table to answer the next 10 questions.13. The statistical discrepancy entry should be(a) zero.(b) 10.(c) 5.(d) -10.14. The following items are autonomous:(a) 1 through 9.(b) 1 through 6.(c) 1 through 10.(d) 9 and 10.15. The following are financing items:(a) 5 through 7.(b) 5 through 9.(c) 11 and 12.(d) 1 through 7.16. The balance on merchandise trade is(a) -10.(b) 10.(c) 30.(d) 5.17. The balance on goods and services is(a) 10.(b) -10.(c) -5.(d) 5.18. The balance on current account is(a) 10.(b) -5.(c) 5.(d) -10.19. The financial account balance is(a) 10.(b) 0.(c) 5.(d) -5.20. The official reserve transactions balance is(a) 10.(b) -10.(c) 5.(d) -5.21. The overall international transactions statement indicates a(a) surplus of 10.(b) deficit of 10.(c) deficit of 5.(d) surplus of 5.22. The imbalance in the above question was balanced by(a) an increase in U.S. and decline in foreign official reserve assets.(b) a decrease in both U.S. and foreign official reserve assets.(c) an increase in both U.S. and foreign official reserve assets.(d) a decrease in U.S. and an increase in foreign official reserve assets.23. Which of the following balances is given attention by the news media because it is equated witha loss or gain of jobs?(a) official reserve transactions balance.(b) merchandise trade balance.(c) current account balance.(d) capital account balance.24. Which of the following gives rise to outpayments?(a) exports.(b) capital inflow.(c) receipts of income from past U.S. investments abroad.(d) capital outflow.25. The best overall measure of the surplus or deficit in the transactions statement is(a) changes in official reserve holdings.(b) balance on goods and services.(c) statistical discrepancy.(d) current account balance.26. The statistical discrepancy in the transactions statement is included in the(a) merchandise trade balance.(b) current account balance.(c) balance on goods and services.(d) capital account balance.27. Deficits on autonomous transactions under freely floating exchange rates result in(a) the statistical discrepancy.(b) variations in exchange rates.(c) changes in official reserve asset holdings.(d) changes in interest rates.28. Receipts of income from past U.S. investments are included in the transactions statement as(a) official reserve assets.(b) merchandise trade.(c) services.(d) private remittances.29. Annual U.S. investments abroad are included in the transactions statement as(a) official reserve assets.(b) services.(c) private remittances.(d) private capital flows.30. International transactions that constitute a response to general economic factors (i.e. relativeprices, interest rates) are termed(a) autonomous.(b) financing.(c) balancing.(d) transitory.。

国际经济学试卷及答案

国际经济学试卷及答案．第 2 页共 25 页试卷(A)国际经济学一、选择题（2x15=30，每题只有一个正确答案）1、如果dx、sx、dm和sm分别代表出口产品的需求弹性、出口产品的供给弹性、进口产品的需求弹性和进口产品的供给弹性，则马歇尔—勒纳条件用公式表示为（）A．｜dx+dm｜>1 B．｜dx+sx｜>1C．｜dm+sm｜>1 D．｜sx+sm｜>12. “贫困化增长”的一个必要条件为：（）A．国家的增长偏向于出口产业。

B．外国对该国的出口需求具有价格弹性。

C．国家的消费偏好高度偏向于出口商品。

D．贸易在国民经济中比重不大。

3、从国际贸易对生产要素收入分配的短期影响来看，自由贸易会导致（）A．生产进口竞争品部门使用的专门生产要素收入水平提高B．生产进口竞争品部门使用的共同生产要]键入文字[第 3 页共 25 页]键入文字[第 4 页共 25 页]键入文字[第 5 页共 25 页]键入文字[第 6 页共 25 页]键入文字[第 7 页共 25 页]键入文字[第 8 页共 25 页]键入文字[第 9 页共 25 页]键入文字[第 10 页共 25 页]键入文字[第 11 页共 25 页]键入文字[第 12 页共 25 页]键入文字[第 13 页共 25 页]键入文字[第 14 页共 25 页]键入文字[第 15 页共 25 页]键入文字[第 16 页共 25 页]键入文字[第 17 页共 25 页]键入文字[第 18 页共 25 页]键入文字[第 19 页共 25 页]键入文字[第 20 页共 25 页]键入文字[第 21 页共 25 页]键入文字[第 22 页共 25 页]键入文字[第 23 页共 25 页]键入文字[第 24 页共 25 页]键入文字[第 25 页共 25 页]键入文字[。

国际经济学试题及答案(题库)

国际经济学习题集及参考答案一、填空、选择、判断题（每题1分）：第一章：1、国际贸易理论以微观经济学原理为基础，讨论世界范围内的资源配置问题。

2、最常用国际贸易模型的结构形式为两个国家、两种产品（或部门）和两种要素。

3、在完竞争的假设前提下，封闭条件下的相对价格是国际贸易产生的基础。

4、国家间的供给、需求方面的差异是造成相对价格的根源。

5、贸易后，国际均衡价格由两国的供需共同决定，国际均衡价格处于两国封闭下的相对价格之间。

6、国际贸易利益包括两个部分：来自交换的利益和来自专业化的利益。

7、贸易理论主要围绕三个问题展开：国际贸易的格局、国际贸易的条件、国际贸易的收益。

2、哈伯勒首先用机会成本概念来阐明比较优势论。

3、重商主义者提倡的国家经济政策有：限制进口和鼓励出口，采取奖金、退税、协定和殖民地贸易等措施鼓励出口。

4、李嘉图认为在国际贸易中起决定作用的不是绝对成本，而是相对成本。

6、在李嘉图模型中，生产可能性边界线方程是一个线性方程式，表示A、B两国的PPF曲线是一条直线段。

7、重商主义者提倡的国家经济政策有：限制进口和鼓励出口，采取奖金、退税、协定和殖民地贸易等措施鼓励出口。

8、李嘉图认为在国际贸易中起决定作用的不是绝对成本，而是相对成本。

9、机会成本概念表明：彼种选择的机会成本就构成此种选择的机会成本。

2、要素禀赋理论由H-O定理、要素价格均等化定理和罗伯津斯基定理、斯托伯-萨缪尔森定理等构成3、要素价格均等化理论指出国际贸易通过商品价格的均等化会导致要素价格的均等化，从而在世界范围实现资源的最佳配置。

【国际经济学专题考试试卷十】Externalities

【国际经济学专题考试试卷⼗】ExternalitiesChapter 10ExternalitiesTRUE/FALSE1. Markets sometimes fail to allocate resources efficiently.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Market failure MSC: Interpretive2. When a transaction between a buyer and seller directly affects a third party, the effect is called an externality. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional3. Buyers and sellers neglect the external effects of their actions when deciding how much to demand or supply. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive4. In a market characterized by externalities, the market equilibrium fails to maximize the total benefit to societyas a whole.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional5. In a market with positive externalities, the market equilibrium quantity maximizes the welfare of society as awhole.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive6. Barking dogs cannot be considered an externality because externalities must be associated with some form ofmarket exchange.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative7. The social cost of pollution includes the private costs of the producers plus the costs to those bystandersadversely affected by the pollution.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional8. Organizers of an outdoor concert in a park surrounded by residential neighborhoods are likely to consider thenoise and traffic cost to residential neighborhoods when they assess the financial viability of the concertventure.9. When a driver enters a crowded highway he increases the travel times of all other drivers on the highway. This is an example of a negative externality.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive10. When firms internalize a negative externality, the market supply curve shifts to the left.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Negative externalities MSC: Analytical663664 Chapter 10/Externalities11. Government subsidized scholarships are an example of a government policy aimed at correcting negative externalities associated with education.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Positive externalities MSC: Applicative12. A congestion toll imposed on a highway driver to force the driver to take into account the increase in travel time she imposes on all other drivers is an example of internalizing the externality.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Corrective taxes MSC: Interpretive13. Negative externalities lead markets to produce a smaller quantity of a good than is socially desirable, while positive externalities lead markets to produce a larger quantity of a good than is socially desirable.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 10-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Negative externalities | Positive externalities MSC: Interpretive14. The government can internalize externalities by taxing goods that have negative externalities and subsidizing goods that have positive externalities.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Negative externalities | Positive externalities MSC: Applicative15. If the social value of producing robots is greater than the private value of producing robots, the private market produces too few robots.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Positive externalities | Technology spillovers MSC: Analytical16. The patent system gives firms greater incentive to engage in research and other activities that advance technology.TOP: Technology spillovers MSC: Applicative17. Government intervention in the economy with the goal of promoting technology-producing industries isknown as patent policy.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Industrial policy MSC: Definitional18. A technology spillover is a type of negative externality.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 10-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Technology spillovers MSC: Interpretive19. Even if possible, it would be inefficient to prohibit all polluting activity.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative20. When correcting for an externality, command-and-control policies are always preferable to market-basedpolicies.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Command-and-control policies | Corrective taxes MSC: InterpretiveChapter 10/Externalities 665 21. Corrective taxes enhance efficiency, but the cost to administer them exceeds the revenue they raise for the government.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Corrective taxes MSC: Interpretive22. Corrective taxes cause deadweight losses, reducing economic efficiency.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Corrective taxes MSC: Interpretive23. Most economists prefer regulation to taxation because regulation corrects market inefficiencies at a lower costthan taxation does.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Corrective taxes MSC: Applicative24. A corrective tax places a price on the right to pollute.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Corrective taxes MSC: Interpretive25. According to recent research, the gas tax in the United States is lower than the optimal level.KEY: Corrective taxes MSC: Applicative26. The least expensive way to clean up the environment is for all firms to reduce pollution by an equalpercentage.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Corrective taxes MSC: Interpretive27. Corrective taxes are more efficient than regulations for keeping the environment clean.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Corrective taxes | Tradable pollution permits MSC: Applicative28. A market for pollution permits can efficiently allocate the right to pollute by using the forces of supply anddemand.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Tradable pollution permits MSC: Applicative29. Economists believe that the optimal level of pollution is zero.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Tradable pollution permits MSC: Interpretive30. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cannot reach a target level of pollution through the use ofpollution permits.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Tradable pollution permits MSC: Applicative31. Social welfare can be enhanced by allowing firms to trade their rights to pollute.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Tradable pollution permits MSC: Applicative666 Chapter 10/Externalities32. Firms that can reduce pollution easily would be willing to sell their pollution permits.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Tradable pollution permits MSC: Applicative33. One example of a real-world market for tradable pollution permits is the market for carbon permits in Europe. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Tradable pollution permits MSC: Applicative34. Government can be used to solve externality problems that are too costly for private parties to solve.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-335. Government intervention is necessary to correct all externalities.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 10-3NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative36. According to the Coase theorem, if private parties can bargain without cost, then the private market will solvethe problem of externalities.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-3NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Coase theorem MSC: Definitional37. According to the Coase theorem, the private market will need government intervention in order to reach anefficient outcome.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-3NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Coase theorem MSC: Definitional38. Despite the appealing logic of the Coase theorem, private actors often fail to resolve on their own the problemscaused by externalities.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-3NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Coase theorem MSC: Applicative39. According to the Coase Theorem, individuals can always work out a mutually beneficial agreement to solvethe problems of externalities even when high transaction costs are involved.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 10-3NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Coase Theorem MSC: Interpretive40. According to the Coase theorem, whatever the initial distribution of rights, the interested parties can bargain toan efficient outcome.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-3NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Coase theorem MSC: Definitional41. Private parties may choose not to solve an externality problem if the transaction costs are large enough. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Coase theorem MSC: Interpretive42. Many charities like the Sierra Club are established to deal with externalities.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-3NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Coase Theorem MSC: InterpretiveChapter 10/Externalities 667 SHORT ANSWER1. Using a supply and demand diagram, demonstrate how a negative externality leads to market inefficiency.When a negative externality exists, the private cost (or supply curve) is less than the social cost. The market equilibrium quantity of Q0 will be greater than the socially optimal quantity of Q1. The government could help eliminate this inefficiency by taxing the product. In this example, the size of the per-unit tax would be P3 - P1 (or P2 - P0).DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Negative externalitiesMSC: Analytical2. Using a supply and demand diagram, demonstrate how a positive externality leads to market inefficiency.How might the government help to eliminate this inefficiency?ANS:DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Positive externalitiesMSC: Analytical668 Chapter 10/Externalities3. Why are efficiency taxes preferred to regulatory policies as methods remedy externalities?ANS:Efficiency taxes allow markets to coordinate optimal resource allocation. In order for regulations to be efficient, the government needs detailed information about specific industries, including information about the alternative technologies that those industries could adopt. Thus, taxes are likely to reduce pollution at a lower cost to society. DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Command-and-control policies | Corrective taxes MSC: Applicative4. Use a graph to illustrate the quantity of pollution that would be emitted (a) after a corrective tax has beenimposed and (b) after tradable pollution permits have been imposed. Could these two quantities ever beequivalent?ANS:Yes, these two quantities could be equal. For example, P B could be equal to the amount of the corrective tax.DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Corrective taxes | Tradable pollution permits MSC: Analytical5. To produce honey, beekeepers place hives of bees in the fields of farmers. As bees gather nectar, theypollinate the crops in the fields, which increases the yields of these fields at no additional cost to the farmer.What might be a reasonable private solution to this externality, and how might the solution be reached? ANS:One solution would be to have one person own both the farm fields and the beehives, in which case the externality is internalized. Another solution would be to have the farmer and beekeeper enter into a contract so that they can coordinate the number of bee hives and acres of crops to maintain an efficient outcome.DIF: 1 REF: 10-3 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: ExternalitiesUnder what circumstances will private bargaining fail to produce a solution?ANS:Private parties may fail to bargain to an efficient solution under a variety of circumstances. First, the transaction costs of bargaining may be so high that one or both of the parties decides not to bargain. Second, the bargaining may not take place if one or both of the parties believes that the agreement cannot be enforced. Third, one or both of the parties may try to hold out for a better deal, in which case the bargaining process breaks down. Fourth, if there are a large number of parties taking part in the negotiations, the costs of coordination may be so great that the bargaining is not successful.DIF: 1 REF: 10-3 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Coase theoremMSC: Interpretive。

对外经贸大学国际经济学试题

对外经贸大学国际经济学试题第十章经济一体化一、名词解释1、经济一体化2、自由贸易区3、关税同盟4、共同市场5、贸易创造效应6、贸易转移效应二、单项选择题（）1、成员国间实行优惠自由贸易协定，对外设置不同关税的是______。

A、经济同盟B、自由贸易区C、关税同盟D、共同市场（）2、成员国间实行自由贸易的优惠贸易协定和共同的外部关税是______。

A、经济同盟B、自由贸易区C、关税同盟D、共同市场（）3、如果随着欧盟的成立，英国人去购买以较低效率生产的爱尔兰奶酪，而不再从新西兰进口更便宜的奶酪，这大体可反映______A、贸易转移效应B、贸易创造效应C、政府对市场的干预D、人们偏好的变化（）4、甲、乙两国原来对钨矿砂分别征收10%和6%的进口税，现两国相互间商品进口予以免税，但对第三国进口的钨矿砂统一征8%的关税，这种一体化组织形式是______A、自由贸易区B、关税同盟C、经济同盟D、优惠贸易安排三、多项选择题（）1、以下哪些选项是正确的______A、共同市场的建立使生产要素可以在成员国间自由流动B、1992年欧洲共同市场推翻了《意大利面条保护法》，该法对高成本生产者提供了保护C、共同市场可以对成员国的货币和财政政策进行协调D、共同市场在富国比在穷国中曾经取得了更大的成功（）2、经济一体化潜在动态效应包括______A、服务更大的内部市场带来的规模经济性导致的生产成本下降B、从效率更高的贸易伙伴国进口引起的贸易创造C、所有成员国企业间日趋激烈的竞争带来的高效和创新D、更高水平的投资和更快的经济增长四、判断题（）1、自由贸易区内各成员国约定对非成员国进口产品征收等额关税。

（）2、共同市场允许自由贸易以及资本和老东在成员国间自由流动。

（）3、当自由贸易区某各成员国开始进口联盟前原本由国内生产的产品时，贸易创造随之发生。

（）4、欧盟和欧洲自由贸易协定都是欧洲关税同盟的例子。

（）5、北美自由贸易协定给加拿大和美国带来的规模经济收益属于经济一体化的动态效应。

国际经济学模拟试卷10.doc

《国际经济学》模拟试卷10*—•四五六七合计人复核人一、单项选择（10小题，每小题1分，共10分）：在四个备选答案中选择一个最适合的答案。

1.关于一般均衡分析的新古典模型，说法不正确的是（）。

A.国际贸易理论的标准模型B.采用2X2X 1模型进行阐述C.将技术、要素禀赋、需求偏好集于一体D.由哈伯勒、勒纳、里昂惕夫和米德等人提出2.在特定要素模型中，一国经济在贸易后达到新的均衡时应满足（）A.Wx = P X MP LX且 Wy = PyMPLy B.rx= PxMPkx且 Q = PyMPkyC. w = P X MP LX = PyMPLyD. rx = PxMPkx= PyMPky3.生产可能性曲线的假设条件有（）A.两种生产要素的总供给都是可变的B.生产要素可在两个部门间自由流动C.两种生产要素没有充分利用D.两种商品的生产技术条件是可变的4.可以用来解释产业内贸易现象的理论是（）A.绝对优势理论B.比较优势理论C.要素禀赋理论D.规模经济理论5.贫困化增长并不容易发生，因为它要求（）oA.出口国是某产品的大国B.该国基木上是单一经济C.要依靠增加出口的总量收入弥补价格下降的损失D.同时具备以上条件7.人们将各种标价法下数量固定不变的货币叫（）A.标价货币B.基准货币C.标价货币或基准货币D.基准标价货币8.就国家骚体而言，分配进口配额最好的方法是（）A.竞争性拍卖B.固定的受惠C.资源使用申请程序D.政府适时分配9.关税同盟的静态经济效应可以被概括为（）A.贸易条件效应、消费效应和生产效应B.贸易创造效应和贸易条件效应C.贸易转移效应和贸易创造效应D.贸易转移效应和贸易条件效应1（）.假设即期汇率1英镑=2美元，在欧洲市场美元一年期的利率为15%, 英镑为10%,求一年后的远期汇率1英镑等于（）美元。

A.2.091B.2C.1.913D.3二、判断题（10小题，每小题1分，共10分）：若判断正确，在小题后的括号内填上“J”号；若判断不正确，则在小题后的括号内填上“X” 号。

国际经济学学位考试试题(参考答案见题后)

《国际经济学》学位考试试题（参考答案见题后）一、单项选择题1、斯密在批判重商主义的同时还提出了 (A )。

A.自由贸易思想B.管理贸易思想C.保护贸易思想D.干预贸易思想2、重商主义认为衡量国家财富的标准应是（C）。

A. 商品B. 生产力C. 金银D. 购买力3、资本主义进入垄断时期以后，主要资本主义国家实施的是（B）。

A. 新贸易保护主义政策B. 超保护贸易政策C. 自由贸易政策D. 重商主义政策4、沿着外凸的生产可能性边界线向下移动时，随着一种物品产量的增加，生产该物品的机会成本将会（B）。

A. 保持不变B. 增加C. 减少D. 无法确定5、晚期的重商主义理论又被称为（D）。

A. 货币差额论B. 重农主义C. 重工主义D. 贸易差额论6、英国经济学家亚当。

斯密在1776年出版的《国富论》中提出了（A）A．绝对优势理论 B.比较优势理论 C. 货币差额论 D.保护贸易理论7、斯密在批判重商主义的同时还提出了 (A )。

A.自由贸易思想B.管理贸易思想C.保护贸易思想D.干预贸易思想8、重商主义认为衡量国家财富的标准应是（C）。

A. 商品B. 生产力C. 金银D. 购买力9、资本主义进入垄断时期以后，主要资本主义国家实施的是（B）。

A. 新贸易保护主义政策B. 超保护贸易政策C. 自由贸易政策D. 重商主义政策10、以下是在没有贸易的情况下，甲、乙两个国家生产每吨小麦和每万米匹布所需投入的劳动量（劳动/年），根据此表，以下选项中错误的是（D）。

A.B. 甲国的布匹生产具有绝对优势C. 甲国的小麦生产具有相对优势D. 甲国的布匹生产具有相对优势11、斯密在批判重商主义的同时还提出了 (A )。

A.自由贸易思想B.管理贸易思想C.保护贸易思想D.干预贸易思想12、以下是在没有贸易的情况下，甲、乙两个国家生产每吨小麦和每万米匹布所需投入的劳动量（劳动/年），根据此表，以下选项中错误的是（D）。

A.B. 甲国的布匹生产具有绝对优势C. 甲国的小麦生产具有相对优势D. 甲国的布匹生产具有相对优势13、以下几种外币资产中，不是外汇的是(D)A. 美元B. 英镑C. 港元D. 越南盾14、要素价格均等化定理是（C）。

国际经济学模拟试卷10

国际经济学模拟试卷10《国际经济学》模拟试卷10一、单项选择1．关于通常平衡分析的新古典模型，观点不恰当的就是（）。

a.国际贸易理论的标准模型b.采用2?2?1模型进行阐述c.将技术、要素禀赋、市场需求偏好集在一体d.由哈伯尔、勒纳、里昂惕夫和米德等人明确提出2．在特定要素模型中，一国经济在贸易后达到新的均衡时应满足（）a.wx=pxmplx且wy=pymplyb.rx=pxmpkx且ry=pympkyc.w=pxmplx=pymplyd.rx=pxmpkx=pympky3．生产可能性曲线的假设条件存有（）。

a.两种生产要素的总供给都是可变的b.生产要素可在两个部门间自由流动c.两种生产要素没有充分利用d.两种商品的生产技术条件是可变的4．可以用以表述产业内贸易现象的理论就是（）a.绝对优势理论b.比较优势理论c.要素禀赋理论d.规模经济理论5.贫困化增长并不容易发生，因为它要求（）。

a．出口国是某产品的大国b．该国基本上是单一经济c．必须靠增加出口的总量总收入填补价格下降的损失d．同时具有以上条件6．在产品生命周期的产品成熟阶段，产品属于（）。

a.研究与研发密集型b.资本密集型c.劳动密集型d.土地密集型7.人们将各种标价法下数量固定不变的货币叫（）a.标价货币b.基准货币d.基准标价货币c.标价货币或基准货币8．就国家整体而言，分配进口配额最出色的方法就是（）a.竞争性拍卖b.固定的受惠c.资源使用申请程序d.政府适时分配19.关税同盟的静态经济效应可以被概括为（）a.贸易条件效应、消费效应和生产效应b．贸易缔造效应和贸易条件效应c.贸易迁移效应和贸易缔造效应d．贸易迁移效应和贸易条件效应10．假设即期汇率l英镑=2美元，在欧洲市场美元一年期的利率为15%，英镑为10%，求一年后的远期汇率1英镑等于（）美元。

a.2.091b.2c.1.913d.3二、判断题（10小题，每小题1分，共10分）：若判断正确，在小题后的括号内填上“√”号；若判断不正确，则在小题后的括号内填上“×”号。

国际经济学题库(英文版)

Part Ⅰ. Fill in the blank with suitable content.1.Seven themes recur throughout the study of international economics. These are the gains from trade , the pattern of trade , protectionism the balance of payments, exchange rate determination, international policy coordination, international capital market.2. Countries engage in international trade for two basic reasons : comparative advantage and economics of scale .3. A country has a comparative advantage in producing a good if the opportunity cost of producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries.4. Labor is the only one factor of production. LC a 、LW a and *LC a 、*LW a are the unit laborrequirement in cheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. If aLC/aLW<aLC*/aLW* ,Home has a comparative advantage in cheese. C p /W p is the relative price of cheese, when aLC/aLW< Pc/Pw<aLC*/aLW* Home and Foreign specialize in producing cheese and wine , respectively.5. Labor is the only one factor of production. LC a 、LW a and *LC a 、*LW a are the unit laborrequirement in cheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. L and L*are Home’s andForeign’s labor force. If LC a /LW a <C p /W p <*LC a /*LW a , the world relative supply of cheese equals（L/aLC ）/(L*/aLW*) . Home’s gains from indirectly producing wine can be shown as (1/aLC)(Pc/Pw)－1/aLW6. In specific factors model(Q M =Q M (K, L M ); Q F =Q F (T, L F ); L=L M +L F ), if Home produces and trades manufactured goods for food , the overall comparison of the five change rate of goods price andfactor price MP ˆ、F P ˆ、K r ˆ、T r ˆ、W ˆinside Home is T F M K r P W P r ∧∧∧∧∧〉〉〉〉 . That is, the real↑↑M .7. There are two main reasons why international trade has strong effects on the distribution ofincome. First, resources can ’t move immediately or costlessly form one industry to another Second Industries differ in the factors of production they demand.8. In the Heckscher-Ohlin model,Comparative advantage is influenced by the interaction betweenrelative abundance and relative intensity9.According to stolper-sammelson effect if the relative price of a good rises, the real income of the factor which intensively used in that good will rise, while the real income of the other factor will fall.10.According to 罗布津斯基效应 Rybczynski effect , at unchanged relative goods price, if the supply of a factor of production increases, the output of the good that are intensive in that factor will rise, while the output of the other good will fall.11.According to H-O 模型H-O proposition , owners of a country’s abundant factors gain from trade, but owners of a country’s scare factors lose.12.According to 要素价格均等化命题 Factor price equalization proposition , international trade produces a convergence （收敛） of relative goods prices. This convergence, in turns, causes the convergence of the relative factor prices. Trade leads to complete equalization of factor prices.（完整的要素价格均等化）13. Three assumptions （假设） crucial to the prediction of factor price equalization are in reality untrue. These assumptions are (1) 两个国家都生产两种产品 both countries produce both goods (2) 两国技术相同 technologies are the same (3) 存在贸易壁垒：天然壁垒和人为壁垒There are barriers to trade: natural barriers and artificial barriers .14.“U.S. exports were less capit al-intensive than U.S. imports” is known as 里昂惕夫悖论 Leontiefparadox .15.The Ricardian Model , the Specific Factor model and the H-O model may be viewed as special cases （特殊情况） of 标准贸易模型 standard trade models16.The standard trade model derives （派生推导） a world relative supply curve （曲线） from production possibilities and a world relative demand curve from preferences .17.To export-biased growth, if the decline （下降） of the welfare caused by the deterioration （恶化） of the terms of trade swap over （交换） the rise of the welfare caused by growth, the growth is immiserizing growth (贫困化增长).18. Some economists argued that export-biased growth by poor nations would worsen their term of trade so much that they would be worse off than if they had not grown at all. This situation is known as immiserizing growth (贫困化增长) .19.Immiserizing growth demands strict conditions, these conditions are economic growth is strongly export-biased , the growing country is large enough to affect the world price , RS and RD must be very steep .20.According to “ 梅茨勒悖论Metzle paradox ”, t ariffs and export subsidies （补贴） might have perverse （有害的） effects on internal price.21.In the model of “Monopolistic （垄断） Competition and Trade”, firms of an individual nation face the trade-off between economies of scale and variety of products .22. Marshall argued that there were three main reasons why a cluster of firms （企业集群）may be more efficient than an individual firm in isolation: specialized supplies , labor market pooling , knowledge spillovers (知识溢出)23.The pattern of intraindustry （产业内） trade itself is unpredicted, history and accident determine the details of the trade pattern. 39. When there is external economies （外部经济）, the pattern of international trade is determined by economics of scale interact with comparative advantage .24. The indexes （指标）of intrainindustry trade of a industry can be calculated by the standard formula:25. Interindustry trade and intrainindustry （产业内） trade are the sources of gains from trade . When countries are similar in their relative factor supplies 、scale economies and product differentiations are important , intrainindustry trade is the dominant source （主要来源） of gains from trade, everyone gains from trade.26.The argument of temporary （暂时的） protection of industries to enable them to gain experience is known as 幼稚产业论the infant industry argument27. If we add together the gains and losses from a tariff, We find the net effect on nationalwelfare can be separated into two parts: terms of trade gain and efficiency loss 28.Why do countries adopt trade policies such as tariff or import quota, which produce more costs than benefits?—— trade politics 29.In the political economy of trade policy （贸易政策的政治经济学） , government are assumed to （被假定为）maximize 政治成功political success rather than 国家福利 national welfare . 30.Deviations from free trade can sometimes increase national welfare. These arguments include the term of trade argument for a tariff and the domestic market failure argument31.According to “Specific rule (对症规则) ”, domestic market failure should be corrected by domestic policies aimed directly at the problem’s sources.32. Although market failures are probably common, the domestic market failure argument against free trade should not be applied too freely.First domestic market failure should be corrected by domestic policies aimed directly at the problems ’ sources ;Second economists cannot diagnose marketexp 1exp orts importsI orts imports -=-+failure well enough to prescribe policy.33. International trade often produces losers as well as winners. In the actual politics of trade policy, income distribution is of crucial importance. 集体行动问题The problem of collective action can explain why policies that not only seem to produce more costs than benefits but that also seem to hurt far more voters them they can help can nonetheless be adopted.34.The WTO includes four aspects content: GATT 1994,GATS,TRIPS , TRIMS35.“Nondiscriminatory” principles （非歧视性原则）include most favored nation principle and national treatment principle36.For preferential（优惠）trading agreements, such as customs union , countries must cede part of their sovereignty to supranational entity（必须放弃部分主权的超国家实体）37.Whether a customs union（关税同盟）is desirable（可取）or undesirable depends on whetherindustrialization and coping with the problems of the dual economy. Correspondingly, there are two main arguments for developing countries to pursue policy of import-substituting industrialization. The two arguments are the infant industry argument t and market failure justification for infant industry protection.40. Sophisticated proponents of the infant industry argument have identified two market failures as reasons why infant industry protection may be a good idea:The imperfect capital markets justification and The appropriability argument .PartⅡ. True or False (true and false are denoted by “T” and “F”, respectively)1. If a LW*/a L C*<a LW/a L C, Home’s relat ive productivity in cheese is higher. (T )2. According to the Ricardian model, it is precisely because the relative wage is between the relative productivities that each country ends up with a cost advantage in one good.The good for which *Li a/Li a>w/*w will be produced in Foreign. ( F )3. It is precisely because the relative wage is between the relative productivities that each country ends up with a cost advantage in one good. ( T )4.Long-run convergence(长期收敛) in productivity（生产力）produces long-run convergence inwages. ( T )5. “Korean workers earn only $2.50 an hour; if we allow Korea to export as much as it likes to the United States, our workers will be forced down to the same level. You can’t import a $5 shirt without importing the $2.50 wage that goes with it.” (F )6.The proposition that trade is beneficial is unqualified(不合格). That is, there is no requirement that a country be “competitive” or that the trade be “fair”. ( T)7. Free trade is beneficial only if your country is strong enough to stand up to foreign competition.( F )8. Foreign competition is unfair and hurts other countries when it is based on low wages. （F）9. Trade exploits a country and make it worse off if its workers receive much lower wage than workers in other nations. (F )10.The Ricardian Model predicts an extreme degree(预测一个极端的程度) of specialization(专业化). ( T )11.The Ricardian Model neglects(忽略) the effects on income distribution. (T )12. The basic prediction of the Ricardian model has been strongly confirmed by a number of studies over years. ( T )13. The Ricardian Model predicts that countries tend to export those goods in which their productivity is relative high. ( T )14. We can think of factor specificity as a matter of time. ( T )15.The opportunity cost of manufacture in terms of food is denoted by(表示) MPL M /MPL F. ( F )16.A equal proportional change in price have no real effects on the real wage, real income of capital owner and land owner. ( T )17. Trade benefits the factor that is specific to the import-competing sectors of each country but hurts the factor to the export sectors, with ambiguous effects on mobile factors. ( F )18.It is possible in principle for a country’s government to use taxes and subsidies(补贴) to redistribute（重新分配）income to give each individual more of both goods. ( T )19. Although international trade has strong effects on income distribution, there are still possible in principle to make each individual better off. ( T )20. Typically, those who gain from trade in any particular product are a much more concentrated, informed, and organized group than those who lose. ( F )21. Conflicts of interest(利益冲突) within nations are usually more important in determining trade policy than conflicts of interest between nations. ( T )22. Generally, economists do not regard the income distribution effects of trade as a good reason to limit trade. ( T )23.The formulation of trade policy(贸易政策的制定) is a kind of political process(政治进程). ( T )24. “The world’s poorest countries can’t find anything to export. There is no resource that i s abundant—certainly not capital or land, and in small poor nations not even labor is abundant.” ( F )25. Wage inequality in U.S. increased between the late 1970s and the early 1990s, economists attribute the change to the growing exports of manufactured goods from NIEs. ( T )26. If the factor-proportion theory was right, a country would always export factors for which the income share exceeded the factor share, import factors for which it was less. ( F )27.The H-O model can predict not only the direction but the volume of trade(贸易量). ( T )28.Factor trade in general turns out to be much smaller than the H-O model predicts. ( T )29. According to an influential recent paper, the H-O model can predict not only the direction but the volume of trade. Factor trade in general turn out to be t he same a s the H-O model predicts. ( F )30. Only by dropping the Heckscher-Ohlin assumption that technologies are the same across the countries can the overall pattern of international trade be well predicted by the H-O model.( T )31.If a country want to maximize its national welfare, the consumption point is where the highest isovalue line is tangent to the highest reachable indifference curve. ( T )32.A rise in the terms of trade increases a country’s welfare, while a decline in the terms of trade reduces its welfare. ( T )33.Export-biased growth tends to improve the growing country’s terms of trade at the rest of the world’s expense.( F )34.If the two countries allocate(分配) their change in spending in the same proportions, there will not be a terms of trade effect. ( T )35. If the country receiving a transfer spends a higher proportion of an increase income on its export good than the giver, a transfer raises world relative demand for the recipient’s export good and thus improve its terms of trade. ( T )36.A transfer worsens the donor’s terms of trade if the donor has a higher mariginal propensity to spend on its export good than the recipient(受体). ( T )37.A transfer improves the donor’s terms of trade, worsens recipient’s terms of tra de. ( F )38.A transfer of income——say foreign aid——could conceivably leave the recipient worse off. ( T )39.A tariff improves Home’s terms of trade and worsens Foreign’s, while a Home export subsidy worsens Home’s terms of trade and improve Foreign’s.( T )40. Where there is economies of scale, there is imperfectly competitive market structure. ( F )41.If intraindustry trade is the dominant source of gains from trade, everyone gains from trade. ( T )42.Effect on the distribution of income within countries often weight more heavily on policy than terms of trade concerns. ( T )43.The usual market structure in industries characterized by internal economies of scale is monopolistic competition. ( F )44.Today, antidumping(反倾销) may be a device of protectionism. ( T )45.Reciprocal(相互) dumping tends to increase the volume of trade in goods that are quite identical（一致）. ( F )46.It is possible that reciprocal dumping increase national welfare. ( T )47.Strong external(外部) economies te nd to “locked in” the existing patterns of interindustry trade, even if the patterns are run counter to(背道而驰) comparative advantage. ( T )48.A trading country can conceivably lose from trade is potentially justify protectionism. ( T )49.Like static external economies, dynamic external economies can lock in an initial advantage in an industry. ( T )50.The stratigic trade policy is related to the model of “Monopolistic competition, differentiate product s and intraindustry trade”. ( F )51.The model “Oligopoly, homogeneous products and intraindustry trade” is first developed by Krugman and Helpman . ( F )52.Trade in factors is very much like trade in goods, it occurs for much the same reasons and produces similar results. ( T )53.Trade in factors is an alternative(替代) to trade in goods for the allocation of resources. ( T )54.Wh en a country borrows, it’s intertemporal PPF is biased toward Q P.( F )55.The relative price of future consumption goods Q P is (1+r). ( T )56.The dynamic path of TNC s’ enter foreign market：FDI→Export→Licence. (F )57.Tariffs may have very different effects on different stages of production of a good. ( T )58.Nominal(名义)tariff reflects the effective rate of protection(有效保护率). (F)59.The costs and benefits analysis of a tariff is correct if only the direct gains to producers and consumers in a given market accurately measure the social gains. ( T )60.The costs and benefits analysis of a tariff is correct if only a dollar’s worth of benefits to each group is the same. ( T )61.A VER is exactly like an import quota which the license are assigned to foreign government. ( T )62.VER S are much more costly than tariffs. ( T )63.Local content laws have been widely used by developing countries trying to shift their manufacturing from assembly back into intermediate goods. ( T )64. A political argument for free trade reflects the fact that a political commitment to free trade may be a good idea in practice even though there may be better policies in principle. ( T )65.Deviations from free trade can sometimes increase national welfare. (T )66.For a sufficiently small tariff the terms of trade gain of small country must outweigh theefficiency loss.( F )67.The domestic market failure argument against free trade is intellectually impeccable but of doubtful usefulness. (F )68. “U.S. farm exports don’t just mean hi gher incomes for farmers — they mean higher income for everyone who sell goods and services to the U.S. farm sector”. This remark is a potential validargument for export subsidy. ( T )69.Most deviations from free trade are adopted not because their benefit exceed their costs but because the public fails to understand their true costs. ( T )70.If there is marginal social costs rather than marginal social benefits, domestic market failure reinforce the case for free trade. ( T )71.The electoral competition model believes political competition will drive both parties to propose tariffs close to t M, the tariff preferred by the medium voter. ( T )72.The problem of collective action can best be overcome when a group is large and/or well organized. （F ）73.Trade policy that produce more costs than benefits, hurt more consumers than producers can’t be adopted.( F )74. As a violation of the MFN(“most favored nation”) principle, the WTO forbids preferent ial trading agreements in general, but allows them if they lead to free trade between the agreeing countries. ( T )75.The infant industry argument violates (违背)the principle of comparative advantage ( T )76.Import substituting industrialization(进口替代工业化) violates the principle of comparativeadvantage.( T )77. “Import quotas on capital-intensive industrial goods and subsidies for the import of capital equipment were meant to create manufacturing jobs in many developing countries. Unfortunately, they have probably helped create the urban unemployment problem.” ( T ) 78.The East Asian Miracle proved that industrialization and development must be based on import substitution. ( F )79.It is impossible for country to make itself worse off by joining accustoms union(联盟). ( F ) PartⅢ. Choose the ONLY one collect answer in each question.1. An important insight（启示）of international trade theory is that when countries exchange goods and services one with the other itA.is always beneficial to both countries.B.is usually beneficial to both countries.C.is typically beneficial only to the low wage trade partner country .D.is typically harmful to the technologically lagging country.E.tends to create unemployment in both countries.2. If there are large disparities（差距）in wage levels between countries, thenA. trade is likely to be harmful to both countries.B. trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the high wages.C. trade is likely to be harmful to the country with the low wages.D. trade is likely to be harmful to neither country.E. trade is likely to have no effect on either country.3.Cost-benefit analysis of international trade （成本收益分析）A.is basically useless.B.is empirically intractable.C.focuses attention on conflicts of interest within countries.D.focuses attention on conflicts of interests between countries.E.None of the above.4. A primary reason why nations conduct international trade is because of differences inA.historical perspective.B.location.C.resource availabilities.D.tastes.E.incomes.5. Arguments for free trade are sometimes disregarded（忽视）by the political process becauseA.economists tend to favor highly protected domestic markets.B.economists have a universally accepteddecisive power over the political decision mechanism.C.maximizing consumer welfare may not be a chief priority（优先）for politicians. 扩大消费者福利不是最主要的D.the gains of trade are of paramount concern to typical consumers.E.None of the above.6.Proponents（支持）of free trade claim all of the following as advantages except＿＿A. relatively high wage levels for all domestic workers.B. a wider selection of products for consumersC. increased competition for world producers.D. the utilization of the most efficient production processes.E. None of the above.In order to know whether a country has a comparative advantage in the production of one particular product we need information on at least ____unit labor requirementsA.oneB.twoC.threeD fourE five7. A country engaging in trade according to the principles of comparative advantage gains from trade because itD.is producing exports indirectly more efficiently than it could alternatively.E.is producing imports indirectly more efficiently than it could domestically.F.is producing exports using fewer labor units.G.is producing imports indirectly using fewer labor units.H.None of the above.8. A nation engaging in trade according to the Ricardian model will find its consumption bundle（消费约束）A.inside its production possibilities frontier.B.on its production possibilities frontier.C.outside its production possibilities frontier（生产可能性边界）.D.inside its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.E.on its trade-partner's production possibilities frontier.9.If a very small country trades with a very large country according to the Ricardian model, thenA.the small country will suffer a decrease in economic welfare.B.the large country will suffer a decrease in economic welfare.C.the small country will enjoy gains from trade.D.the large country will enjoy gains from trade.E.None of the above.10.If the world terms of trade for a country are somewhere between the domestic cost ratio of H and that of F, thenA.country H but not country F will gain from trade.B.country H and country F will both gain from trade.C.neither country H nor F will gain from trade.D.only the country whose government subsidizes its exports will gain.E.None of the above.11.If a production possibilities frontier is bowed out (concave to the origin) )(上凸，凹面向原点), then production occurs under conditions ofA.constant opportunity costs.B.increasing opportunity costs.C.decreasing opportunity costs.D.infinite opportunity costs.E.None of the above.12.If two countries have identical production possibility frontiers, then trade between them is not likely ifA.their supply curves are identical.B.their cost functions are identical.C.their demand conditions identical.D.their incomes are identical.E.None of the above.13.Assume that labor is the only factor of production and that wages in the United States equal $20 per hour while wages in Japan are $10 per hour. Production costs would be lower in the United States as compared to Japan ifA.U.S. labor productivity equaled 40units per hour and Japan's 15 units per hour.B.U.S. productivity equaled 30 units per hour whereas Japan's was 20.C.U.S. labor productivity equaled 20 and Japan's 30.D.U.S. labor productivity equaled 15 and Japan's 25 units per hour.E.None of the above.14.International trade has strong effects on income distributions. Therefore, international tradeA.is beneficial to everyone in both trading countries.B.will tend to hurt one trading country.C.will tend to hurt some groups in each trading country.D.will tend to hurt everyone in both countries.E.will be beneficial to all those engaged in international trade.15.If the price of the capital intensive product rises, wages willA.rise but by less than the price of the capital-intensive product.（工资刚性，变动较慢）B.rise by more than the rise in the price of the capital-intensive product.C.remain proportionally equal to the price of the capital-intensive product.D.fall, since higher prices cause less demand.E.None of the above.16.If Australia has more land per worker, and Belgium has more capital per worker, then if trade were to open up between these two countries,A.the real income of capital owners in Australia would rise.B.the real income of labor in Australia would clearly rise.C.the real income of labor in Belgium would clearly rise.D.the real income of landowners in Belgium would fall. 贸易知识使一国丰富要素部门得利，稀缺要素部门受损）E.the real incomes of capital owners in both countries would rise.17.If the price of manufactures and the price of food increase by 25%, then A.the economy moves down its aggregate supply curve.B.the economy moves back along its aggregate demand curve.C.the relative quantities（相对数量）of manufactures and food remain unchanged.D.the relative quantities of products change by 25%.E.None of the above.18.If the price of manufactures rises, thenA.the price of food also rises.B.the quantity of food produced falls.C.the quantity of both manufactures and food falls.D.the purchasing power of labor in terms of food falls.E.None of the above.18.Groups that lose from trade tend to lobby(游说)the government to（贸易失利者游说政府）A.shift the direction of comparative advantage.B.abolish the Specific Factor model from practical application.C.provide public support for the relatively efficient sectors.D.provide protection for the relatively inefficient sectors.E.None of the above.19.The specific factor model argues that if land can be used both for food production and for manufacturing, then a quota that protects food production willA.clearly help landowners.B.clearly hurt landowners.C.clearly help manufacture but hurt food production.D.have an ambiguous effect on the welfare of landowners.E.None of the above.20.If, relative to its trade partners, Gambinia has many workers but very little land and even less productive capital, then, following the specific factor model, we know that Gambinia has a comparative advantage inA.manufactures.B.food.C.both manufactures and food.D.neither manufactures nor food.E.None of the above.21.In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, an influx of workers from across the border would（劳动者越过国境流入）A.move the point of production along the production possibility curve.B.shift the production possibility curve outward, and increase the production of both goods.C.shift the production possibility curve outward and decrease the production of the labor-intensive product.D.shift the production possibility curve量下降，扩展了生产可能性曲线，相当于扩展了消费的总量）E.None of the above.22.The 1987 study by Bowen, Leamer and SveikauskasA.supported the validity of the Leontieff Paradox.B.supported the validity of the Heckscher-Ohlin model.ed a two-country and two-product framework.D.demonstrated that in fact countries tend to use different technologies.E.proved that the U.S.'s comparative advantage relied on skilled labor.23.The Case of the Missing Trade refers toA.the 9th volume of the Hardy Boys' Mystery series.B.the fact that world exports does not equal world imports.C.the fact that factor trade is less than predicted by the Heckscher-Ohlin theory.D.the fact that the Heckscher Ohlin theory predicts much less volume of trade than actually exists.E.None of the above.24.One way in which the Heckscher-Ohlin model differs from the Ricardo model of comparative advantage is by assuming that _技术相同__ is (are) identical in all countries.A.factor of production endowmentsB.scale economiesC.factor of production intensitiesD.technologyE.opportunity costs25.As opposed to the Ricardian model of comparative advantage, the assumption of diminishing returns in the Heckscher-Ohlin model means that the probability is greater that with tradeA.countries will not be fully specialized （专业化）in one product.B.countries will benefit from free international trade.C.countries will consume outside their production possibility frontier.parative advantage is primarily supply related.E.None of the above.26.Suppose that there are two factors, capital and land, and that the United States is relatively land endowed while the European Union is relatively capital-endowed. According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model,A.European landowners should support US-European free trade.B.European capitalists should support US-European free trade.C.all capitalists in both countries should support free trade.D.all landowners should support free trade.E.None of the above.27.According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model, if the United State s is richly endowed in human-capital relative to Mexico, then as NAFTA increasingly leads to more bilateral free trade between the two countries,A.the United States will find its industrial base sucked into Mexico.B.Mexico will find its relatively highly skilled workers drawn to the United States.C.The wages of highly skilled U.S. workers will be drawn down to Mexican levels.D.The wages of highly skilled Mexican workers will rise to those in the United States.E.The wages of highly skilled Mexican workers will fall to those in the United States. （墨西哥高技术工人工资降低到美国同水平）28.If two countries were very different in their relative factor availabilities（相对要素丰。

10套《国际经济学》期末试卷及答案

《国际经济学》模拟试卷（1）一、单项选择（10小题，每小题1分，共10分）：在四个备选答案中选择一个最适合的答案。

1．关于一般均衡分析的新古典模型，说法不正确的是（）。

A.国际贸易理论的标准模型B.采用2 2 1模型进行阐述C.将技术、要素禀赋、需求偏好集于一体D.由哈伯勒、勒纳、里昂惕夫和米德等人提出2．国际金融理论的发展一直是围绕着（）这一十分重要的问题而展开的。

A.外部平衡B.内部平衡C.外部平衡与内部平衡D.规模经济3．生产可能性曲线的假设条件有（）。

A.两种生产要素的总供给都是可变的B.生产要素可在两个部门间自由流动C.两种生产要素没有充分利用D.两种商品的生产技术条件是可变的4．要素密集度可借助于（）来说明。

A.社会无差异曲线B.需求曲线C.等产量曲线D.供给曲线5．国际贸易会（）贸易国出口部门特定要素的实际收入。

A.提高B.降低C.不影响D.可能影响6．在产品生命周期的产品成熟阶段，产品属于（）。

A.研究与开发密集型B.资本密集型C.劳动密集型D.土地密集型7．属于国际收支账户中服务项目的有（）。

A.证券投资B.商品修理C.计算机和信息服务D.非货币黄金8．购买力平价论（the theory of purchasing power parity），简称PPP理论，是（）在其1922年出版的《1914年以后的货币与外汇》（money and foreign exchange after 1914）中第一次系统阐述的。

A.勒纳B.卡塞尔C.凯恩斯D.多恩布什9．假设某国的边际消费倾向为0.80，边际进口倾向为0.30，试问该国的对外贸易乘数是（）。

A.1B.2C.3D.410．假设即期汇率l英镑=2美元，在欧洲市场美元一年期的利率为15%，英镑为10%，求一年后的远期汇率1英镑等于（）美元。

A.2.091B.2C.1.913D.3二、判断题（10小题，每小题1分，共10分）：若判断正确，在小题后的括号内填上“√”号；若判断不正确，则在小题后的括号内填上“×”号。

国际经济学测试题报告.doc

国际经济学测试题1一、单项选择（将答案填在下面的表格内，1’×10=10’）1．重商主义者认为国际贸易（）。

A．是一种双赢行为 B. 对其中的强国有利C．对其中的弱国有利 D. 是一种零和行为2．斯密的绝对优势理论假定增加某种产品的生产所放弃的另一种产品生产的代价是（）。

A．递增的 B. 递减的C. 不变的D. 不确定的3．如果说一国的资本要素比较丰裕，就意味着（）。

A. 该国的资本要素总量较多B. 该国的W/R的值较大C. 该国的K/L的值较小D. 该国的生产中较多使用技术4．根据特定要素模型，国际贸易的受损者为（）。

A. 进口竞争部门的特定要素所有者B. 进口竞争部门的流动要素所有者C. 出口部门的特定要素所有者D. 出口部门的流动要素所有者5．根据产品生命周期理论，发明国的新产品出口（）。

A. 在产品问世的时候即已开始B. 贯穿整个生命周期C. 是一个先增加然后逐渐减少的过程D. 以上三者都正确6. 在局部均衡分析中，与小国相比，大国征收关税的主要不同在于（）。

A. 保护效应更明显B. 消费效应更明显C. 能够改善贸易条件D. 对政府税收没有影响7．如果一国在征收进口税时，对最终产品征收的关税低于中间产品，则可以使关税的实际保护效果（）。

A. 增大B. 变小C. 没有影响D. 无法判断8．购买力平价理论的基础是（）。

A. 粘性价格的存在B. 货币数量理论C. 马歇尔－勒纳条件D. 一价定律9．根据吸收分析法，贬值一定会（）。

A. 导致国内总收入的增加B. 改善国际收支C. 促使国内货币供求重新平衡D. 上述说法都不对10. 根据斯旺图示，用来调节外部均衡的手段是（）。

A. 支出转换政策B. 支出调整政策C. 本国的货币政策D. 本国的财政政策二、多项选择（将答案填在下面的表格内，1’×10=10’）1. 能够解释二战以后国际贸易流向新格局的理论包括（）。

A．规模经济理论 B. 产业内贸易理论C．产品差异化理论 D. 需求偏好相似理论E．要素禀赋理论2. 对里昂惕夫之谜进行解释的学说包括（）。

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Chapter 10ExternalitiesTRUE/FALSE1. Markets sometimes fail to allocate resources efficiently.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Market failure MSC: Interpretive2. When a transaction between a buyer and seller directly affects a third party, the effect is called an externality. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional3. Buyers and sellers neglect the external effects of their actions when deciding how much to demand or supply. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive4. In a market characterized by externalities, the market equilibrium fails to maximize the total benefit to societyas a whole.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional5. In a market with positive externalities, the market equilibrium quantity maximizes the welfare of society as awhole.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive6. Barking dogs cannot be considered an externality because externalities must be associated with some form ofmarket exchange.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative7. The social cost of pollution includes the private costs of the producers plus the costs to those bystandersadversely affected by the pollution.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional8. Organizers of an outdoor concert in a park surrounded by residential neighborhoods are likely to consider thenoise and traffic cost to residential neighborhoods when they assess the financial viability of the concertventure.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Negative externalities MSC: Applicative9. When a driver enters a crowded highway he increases the travel times of all other drivers on the highway.This is an example of a negative externality.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive10. When firms internalize a negative externality, the market supply curve shifts to the left.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Negative externalities MSC: Analytical663664 Chapter 10/Externalities11. Government subsidized scholarships are an example of a government policy aimed at correcting negativeexternalities associated with education.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Positive externalities MSC: Applicative12. A congestion toll imposed on a highway driver to force the driver to take into account the increase in traveltime she imposes on all other drivers is an example of internalizing the externality.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Corrective taxes MSC: Interpretive13. Negative externalities lead markets to produce a smaller quantity of a good than is socially desirable, whilepositive externalities lead markets to produce a larger quantity of a good than is socially desirable.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 10-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Negative externalities | Positive externalities MSC: Interpretive14. The government can internalize externalities by taxing goods that have negative externalities and subsidizinggoods that have positive externalities.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Negative externalities | Positive externalities MSC: Applicative15. If the social value of producing robots is greater than the private value of producing robots, the private marketproduces too few robots.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Positive externalities | Technology spillovers MSC: Analytical16. The patent system gives firms greater incentive to engage in research and other activities that advancetechnology.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Technology spillovers MSC: Applicative17. Government intervention in the economy with the goal of promoting technology-producing industries isknown as patent policy.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Industrial policy MSC: Definitional18. A technology spillover is a type of negative externality.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 10-1NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Technology spillovers MSC: Interpretive19. Even if possible, it would be inefficient to prohibit all polluting activity.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative20. When correcting for an externality, command-and-control policies are always preferable to market-basedpolicies.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Command-and-control policies | Corrective taxes MSC: InterpretiveChapter 10/Externalities 665 21. Corrective taxes enhance efficiency, but the cost to administer them exceeds the revenue they raise for thegovernment.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Corrective taxes MSC: Interpretive22. Corrective taxes cause deadweight losses, reducing economic efficiency.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Corrective taxes MSC: Interpretive23. Most economists prefer regulation to taxation because regulation corrects market inefficiencies at a lower costthan taxation does.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Corrective taxes MSC: Applicative24. A corrective tax places a price on the right to pollute.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Corrective taxes MSC: Interpretive25. According to recent research, the gas tax in the United States is lower than the optimal level.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesKEY: Corrective taxes MSC: Applicative26. The least expensive way to clean up the environment is for all firms to reduce pollution by an equalpercentage.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Corrective taxes MSC: Interpretive27. Corrective taxes are more efficient than regulations for keeping the environment clean.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Corrective taxes | Tradable pollution permits MSC: Applicative28. A market for pollution permits can efficiently allocate the right to pollute by using the forces of supply anddemand.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Tradable pollution permits MSC: Applicative29. Economists believe that the optimal level of pollution is zero.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Tradable pollution permits MSC: Interpretive30. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) cannot reach a target level of pollution through the use ofpollution permits.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Tradable pollution permits MSC: Applicative31. Social welfare can be enhanced by allowing firms to trade their rights to pollute.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Tradable pollution permits MSC: Applicative666 Chapter 10/Externalities32. Firms that can reduce pollution easily would be willing to sell their pollution permits.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Tradable pollution permits MSC: Applicative33. One example of a real-world market for tradable pollution permits is the market for carbon permits in Europe. ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-2NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Tradable pollution permits MSC: Applicative34. Government can be used to solve externality problems that are too costly for private parties to solve.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-3NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive35. Government intervention is necessary to correct all externalities.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 10-3NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative36. According to the Coase theorem, if private parties can bargain without cost, then the private market will solvethe problem of externalities.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-3NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Coase theorem MSC: Definitional37. According to the Coase theorem, the private market will need government intervention in order to reach anefficient outcome.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 10-3NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Coase theorem MSC: Definitional38. Despite the appealing logic of the Coase theorem, private actors often fail to resolve on their own the problemscaused by externalities.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-3NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Coase theorem MSC: Applicative39. According to the Coase Theorem, individuals can always work out a mutually beneficial agreement to solvethe problems of externalities even when high transaction costs are involved.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 10-3NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Coase Theorem MSC: Interpretive40. According to the Coase theorem, whatever the initial distribution of rights, the interested parties can bargain toan efficient outcome.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 10-3NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Coase theorem MSC: Definitional41. Private parties may choose not to solve an externality problem if the transaction costs are large enough. ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-3NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Coase theorem MSC: Interpretive42. Many charities like the Sierra Club are established to deal with externalities.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 10-3NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Coase Theorem MSC: InterpretiveChapter 10/Externalities 667 SHORT ANSWER1. Using a supply and demand diagram, demonstrate how a negative externality leads to market inefficiency.How might the government help to eliminate this inefficiency?ANS:When a negative externality exists, the private cost (or supply curve) is less than the social cost. The market equilibrium quantity of Q0 will be greater than the socially optimal quantity of Q1. The government could help eliminate this inefficiency by taxing the product. In this example, the size of the per-unit tax would be P3 - P1 (or P2 - P0).DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Negative externalitiesMSC: Analytical2. Using a supply and demand diagram, demonstrate how a positive externality leads to market inefficiency.How might the government help to eliminate this inefficiency?ANS:When a positive externality exists, the private value (or demand curve) is less than the social value. The market equilibrium quantity will be less than the socially optimal quantity. The government could help eliminate this inefficiency by subsidizing the product. In this example, the size of the per-unit subsidy would be P3 - P1.DIF: 2 REF: 10-1 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Positive externalitiesMSC: Analytical668 Chapter 10/Externalities3. Why are efficiency taxes preferred to regulatory policies as methods remedy externalities?ANS:Efficiency taxes allow markets to coordinate optimal resource allocation. In order for regulations to be efficient, the government needs detailed information about specific industries, including information about the alternative technologies that those industries could adopt. Thus, taxes are likely to reduce pollution at a lower cost to society. DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Command-and-control policies | Corrective taxes MSC: Applicative4. Use a graph to illustrate the quantity of pollution that would be emitted (a) after a corrective tax has beenimposed and (b) after tradable pollution permits have been imposed. Could these two quantities ever beequivalent?ANS:Yes, these two quantities could be equal. For example, P B could be equal to the amount of the corrective tax.DIF: 2 REF: 10-2 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Corrective taxes | Tradable pollution permits MSC: Analytical5. To produce honey, beekeepers place hives of bees in the fields of farmers. As bees gather nectar, theypollinate the crops in the fields, which increases the yields of these fields at no additional cost to the farmer.What might be a reasonable private solution to this externality, and how might the solution be reached? ANS:One solution would be to have one person own both the farm fields and the beehives, in which case the externality is internalized. Another solution would be to have the farmer and beekeeper enter into a contract so that they can coordinate the number of bee hives and acres of crops to maintain an efficient outcome.DIF: 1 REF: 10-3 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: ExternalitiesMSC: Applicative6. The Coase theorem suggests that efficient solutions to externalities can be determined through bargaining.Under what circumstances will private bargaining fail to produce a solution?ANS:Private parties may fail to bargain to an efficient solution under a variety of circumstances. First, the transaction costs of bargaining may be so high that one or both of the parties decides not to bargain. Second, the bargaining may not take place if one or both of the parties believes that the agreement cannot be enforced. Third, one or both of the parties may try to hold out for a better deal, in which case the bargaining process breaks down. Fourth, if there are a large number of parties taking part in the negotiations, the costs of coordination may be so great that the bargaining is not successful.DIF: 1 REF: 10-3 NAT: AnalyticLOC: Markets, market failure, and externalities TOP: Coase theoremMSC: InterpretiveChapter 10/Externalities 669 Sec00MULTIPLE CHOICE1. In a market economy, government interventiona.will always improve market outcomes.b.reduces efficiency in the presence of externalities.c.may improve market outcomes in the presence of externalities.d.is necessary to control individual greed.ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative2. In the absence of externalities, the "invisible hand" leads a market to maximizea.producer profit from that market.b.total benefit to society from that market.c.both equality and efficiency in that market.d.output of goods or services in that market.ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative3. The term market failure refers toa. a market that fails to allocate resources efficiently.b.an unsuccessful advertising campaign which reduces demand.c.ruthless competition among firms.d. a firm that is forced out of business because of losses.ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional4. Market failure can be caused bya.too much competition.b.externalities.c.low consumer demand.d.scarcity.ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive5. An externality is an example ofa. a corrective tax.b. a tradable pollution permit.c. a market failure.d.Both a and b are correct.ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative6. An externality is the impact ofa.society's decisions on the well-being of society.b. a person's actions on that person's well-being.c.one person's actions on the well-being of a bystander.d.society's decisions on the poorest person in the society.ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional670 Chapter 10/Externalities7. The impact of one person's actions on the well-being of a bystander is calleda.an economic dilemma.b.deadweight loss.c. a multi-party problem.d.an externality.ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative8. An externalitya.results in an equilibrium that does not maximize the total benefits to society.b.causes demand to exceed supply.c.strengthens the role of the “invisible hand” in the marketplace.d.affects buyers but not sellers.ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive9. An externality isa.the costs that parties incur in the process of agreeing and following through on a bargain.b.the uncompensated impact of one person's actions on the well-being of a bystander.c.the proposition that private parties can bargain without cost over the allocation of resources.d. a market equilibrium tax.ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional10. A cost imposed on someone who is neither the consumer nor the producer is called aa.corrective tax.mand and control policy.c.positive externality.d.negative externality.ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities KEY: Definitional11. An externality arises when a person engages in an activity that influences the well-being ofa.buyers in the market for that activity and yet neither pays nor receives any compensation for thateffect.b.sellers in the market for that activity and yet neither pays nor receives any compensation for thateffect.c.bystanders in the market for that activity and yet neither pays nor receives any compensation forthat effect.d.Both (a) and (b) are correct.ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Definitional12. An externality exists whenevera.the economy cannot benefit from government intervention.b.markets are not able to reach equilibrium.c. a firm sells its product in a foreign market.d. a person engages in an activity that influences the well-being of a bystander and yet neither paysnor receives payment for that effect.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: DefinitionalChapter 10/Externalities 67113. When externalities are present in a market, the well-being of market participantsa.and market bystanders are both directly affected.b.and market bystanders are both indirectly affected.c.is directly affected, and market bystanders are indirectly affected.d.is indirectly affected, and market bystanders are directly affected.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Analytical14. Dog owners do not bear the full cost of the noise their barking dogs create and often take too few precautionsto prevent their dogs from barking. Local governments address this problem bya.making it illegal to "disturb the peace."b.having a well-funded animal control department.c.subsidizing local animal shelters.d.encouraging people to adopt cats.ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative15. Which of the following statements about a well-maintained yard best conveys the general nature of theexternality?a. A well-maintained yard conveys a positive externality because it increases the home's market value.b. A well-maintained yard conveys a negative externality because it increases the property tax liabilityof the owner.c. A well-maintained yard conveys a positive externality because it increases the value of adjacentproperties in the neighborhood.d. A well-maintained yard cannot provide any type of externality.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative16. Since restored historic buildings convey a positive externality, local governments may choose toa.regulate the demolition of them.b.provide tax breaks to owners who restore them.c.increase property taxes in historic areas.d.Both a and b are correct.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative17. All externalitiesa.cause markets to fail to allocate resources efficiently.b.cause equilibrium prices to be too high.c.benefit producers at the expense of consumers.d.cause equilibrium prices to be too low.ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative18. When externalities exist, buyers and sellersa.neglect the external effects of their actions, but the market equilibrium is still efficient.b.do not neglect the external effects of their actions, and the market equilibrium is efficient.c.neglect the external effects of their actions, and the market equilibrium is not efficient.d.do not neglect the external effects of their actions, and the market equilibrium is not efficient.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative672 Chapter 10/Externalities19. Dioxin emission that results from the production of paper is a good example of a negative externality becausea.self-interested paper firms are generally unaware of environmental regulations.b.there are fines for producing too much dioxin.c.self-interested paper producers will not consider the full cost of the dioxin pollution they create.d.toxic emissions are the best example of an externality.ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative20. If a paper manufacturer does not bear the entire cost of the dioxin it emits, it willa.emit a lower level of dioxin than is socially efficient.b.emit a higher level of dioxin than is socially efficient.c.emit an acceptable level of dioxin.d.not emit any dioxin in an attempt to avoid paying the entire cost.ANS: B DIF: 2 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative21. Which of the following is an example of an externality?a.cigarette smoke that permeates an entire restaurantb. a flu shot that prevents a student from transmitting the virus to her roommatec. a beautiful flower garden outside of the local post officed.All of the above are correct.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative22. Which of the following statements is not correct?ernment policies may improve the market's allocation of resources when negative externalitiesare present.ernment policies may improve the market's allocation of resources when positive externalitiesare present.c. A positive externality is an example of a market failure.d.Without government intervention, the market will tend to undersupply products that producenegative externalities.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Interpretive23. Which of the following represents a way that a government can help the private market to internalize anexternality?a.taxing goods that have negative externalitiesb.subsidizing goods that have positive externalitiesc.The government cannot improve upon the outcomes of private markets.d.Both a and b are correct.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative24. Which of the following is not correct?a.Markets allocate scarce resources with the forces of supply and demand.b.The equilibrium of supply and demand is typically an efficient allocation of resources.ernments can sometimes improve market outcomes.d.Externalities cannot be positive.ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Markets | Externalities MSC: Interpretive25. A negative externality arises when a person engages in an activity that hasa.an adverse effect on a bystander who is not compensated by the person who causes the effect.b.an adverse effect on a bystander who is compensated by the person who causes the effect.c. a beneficial effect on a bystander who pays the person who causes the effect.d. a beneficial effect on a bystander who does not pay the person who causes the effect.ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Negative externalities MSC: Definitional26. A positive externality arises when a person engages in an activity that hasa.an adverse effect on a bystander who is not compensated by the person who causes the effect.b.an adverse effect on a bystander who is compensated by the person who causes the effect.c. a beneficial effect on a bystander who pays the person who causes the effect.d. a beneficial effect on a bystander who does not pay the person who causes the effect.ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Positive externalities MSC: Definitional27. When an externality is present, the market equilibrium isa.efficient, and the equilibrium maximizes the total benefit to society as a whole.b.efficient, but the equilibrium does not maximize the total benefit to society as a whole.c.inefficient, but the equilibrium maximizes the total benefit to society as a whole.d.inefficient, and the equilibrium does not maximize the total benefit to society as a whole. ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 10-0NAT: Analytic LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: InterpretiveSec01-Externalities and Market InefficiencyMULTIPLE CHOICE1. If an externality is present in a market, economic efficiency may be enhanced bya.increased competition.b.weakening property rights.c.better informed market participants.ernment intervention.ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 10-1NAT: Analytical LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative2. Externalities tend to cause markets to bea.inefficient.b.unequal.c.unnecessary.d.overwhelmed.ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 10-1NAT: Analytical LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative3. If a sawmill creates too much noise for local residents,a.noise restrictions will force residents to move out of the area.b. a sense of social responsibility will cause owners of the mill to reduce noise levels.c.the government can raise economic well-being through noise-control regulations.d.the government should avoid intervening because the market will allocate resources efficiently. ANS: C DIF: 2 REF: 10-1NAT: Analytical LOC: Markets, market failure, and externalitiesTOP: Externalities MSC: Applicative。

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