高考英语阅读专题练习七选五北京卷2010MuzakThe next time you go into a bank, a store, or a supermarket, stop and listen. What do you hear?71It's similar to the music you listen to, but it's not exactly the same. That's becausethis music was especially designed to relax you, or to give you extra energy . Sometimes you don't even realize the music is playing, but you react to the music anyway.Quiet background music used to be called "elevator (电梯 ) music" becausewe often heard it in elevators. But lately we hear it in more and more places, and it has a new nameMuzak" ". About one-third of the people in America listen to "Muzak" everyday. The music plays for 15 minutes at a time, with short pauses in between. It is always more lively between ten and eleven in the morning, and between three and four in the afternoon, when people are more tired.72If you listen to Muzak carefully, you will probably recognize the names of many of the songs. Some musicians or songwriters don't want their songs to be used as Muzak, but others are happy when their songs are chosen. Why? 73Music is often played in public places because it is designed to make people feel less lonely when they are in an airport or a hotel. It has been proven that Muzak does what it is designed to do. Tired office workers suddenly have more energy when they hear the pleasant sound of Muzak in the background. 74 Supermarket shoppers buy 38 percent moregroceries.75. They say it's boring to hear the same songs all the time. But other people enjoy hearing Muzak in public places. They say it helps them relax and feel calm. One way or another, Muzak affects everyone. Some farmers even say their cows give more milk when they hear Muzak!A.Some people don't like Muzak.B.The music gives them extra energy.C.Music is playing in the background.D.Factory workers produce 13 percent more.E.Muzak tends to help people understand music better.F. They get as much as $4 million a year if their songs are used.G. Muzak is played in most of the big supermarkets in the world.Public speaking andcritical thinkingWhat is critical thinking? To a certain degree, it’逻s辑a matter)—ofbeingoflogic(able to spot weaknessesin other people argument’s and to avoid them in your own, it also includes related skills suchas distinguishing fact from opinion and assessingthe soundness of evidence.In the broad sense, critical thinking is focused, organized thinking — the ability to see clearly their relationships among ideas. 71The greatest thinkers, scientists and inventors have often taken their information that was readily available and put it together differently to produce new ideas that, too, is critical thinking.72As the class goes on, for example, you will probably spend a good deal of time organizing your speeches. While this may seem like a purelymechanical(机械的 ) exercise, it is closely connected with critical thinking. If the structure of your speech is loose and confused, chances are that your thinking is also disordered and confused. If, on the other hand, the structure is clear, there is a good chance your thinking is too. Organizing a speech isnot a matter of arranging the ideas you already have. 73What is true of organization is true of many aspects of public speaking .74As you work on expressing your ideas in clear,accurate language, you will improve your ability to think clearly and accurately.75As you learn to listen critically to speeches in class. You will be better able to assess the ideas of speakers in a variety of situations.If you take full advantage of your speech class, you will be able to develop your skills as criticalthinker in many circumstances . This is one reason public speaking has been regarded asvital part of education since the days ofancient Greece.A. Rather, it is an important part of shaping the ideas themselves.B. This may seem like a lot of time, but the rewards are well worth it.C. It may also help you to know that there is no such thing as a perfect speech.D. It has often been said that there are few new ideas in the world, only reorganized ideas.E. If you are wondering what this has to do with your public speaking class, the answer is quite a lot.F. The skills you learn in your speech class can help you become a more effective thinker in a number of ways.G. As you study the role of evidence and reasoning in speechmaking ,you will see how they can be used in other forms of communication as well.EmpathyLast year, researchersfrom the University of Michigan reported that empathy , the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. __71__ Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation . Turn on the TV, and you’ re showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing , and generally treating one another with no respect. __72__There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans aresocially related by nature . __73__ Researchers have also found thatempathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be acure for loneliness, sadness,anxiety , and fear.Empathy is also anindication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. __74__ Academics are important“. But if you don ’ t haveemotional (情感的 ) intelligence , you won’ t be as successful in work or in your love life, she says.What’ s the best way to up your EQ 情(商） ? For starters, let down your guard and really listen to others.__75__To really develop empathy, you’volunteerdbett at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership , have a“ sharing circle your”withfamily, or spend time caring for pets at an animal shelter .A.Everyone is different, and levels of empathy differ from person to person.B.That could be because so many people havereplaced face time with screen time, the researchers said.C. “ One doesn ’ t develop empathy by having a lot of opinions and doing a lot of talking,D.Humans learn by example—and most of the examples on it areanything but empathetic.E.Empathy is a matter of learning how to understand someone else—both what they think and how they feel.F.Good social skills—including empathy— are a kind of“ emotional intelligence” that will help you in many areas of life.G.Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human— and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.北京卷 2013 UrbanizationUntil relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago. 71_ . In fact, nearly everyone livedon farms or in tiny rural ( 乡村的 ) villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history — a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.Britain was only the beginning. 72_.The process of urbanization— the migration (迁移 ) of peoplefrom the countryside to the city — was the result of modernization , which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities.Only about 2% live on farms.73.Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized . Even in advanced agriculturalsocieties. It took about ninety-five people on farms tofeed five people in cities. _74. Until modern times,those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英 ) and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. 75_ . Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers. A. That kept cities very small.B. The rest live in small towns.C. The effects of urban living on people should beconsidered.D. Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.E. But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities.F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.G. Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.Making good choices about your own healthrequires reasonable evaluation . A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of healthy information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to finds relevant information, how to separate fact from opinions, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. 71Go to the original source. Media reports oftensimplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, anddetermine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. 72Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that abehavior “ contributes to”associatedoris“with ” anoutcome; this does not mean that a certaincourse must lead to a certain result . 73Carefullyread or listen to information in order to fully understand it.Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true,probably it is. Be especially careful ofinformation contained in advertisements . 74 Evaluate scientific“ ”statements carefully, and be awareof quackery(江湖骗术 ).75Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas andinspiration , but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably andindependently about the health problems will serve you well throughout your life.A. Make choice that are right for you.B. The goal of an ad is to sell you something.C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.D. And examine the findings of the original research.E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.F. Be aware that information may also beincorrectly explained by an author’ s point of view.G. The following suggestions can help yousort through the health information you receive fromcommon sources.From my experience , there are three main reasons why people don’tcook more often :ability , money , and time 36 .Money is a topic I ’llsave for another day .So today I want to give you somewisdom about how to make the most of the time you spent in the kitchen .Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule :1.Think ahead .The moments when I think cooking is a pain are whenI ’m already hungry and there’snothing ready to eat .So think ahead of the coming week .When will you have time to cook ?Do youhave the right materials already ? 37 .2.Make your time worth it .When you do find time to cook a meal , make the most of it and save yourselftime later on .Are you making one loaf of bread ? 38 .It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something .So save yourself the effort for future meal .3.39This may surprise you , but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time isexperimentation .It gives you the chance tohit upon new ideas andrecipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.Hopefully that gives you a good start. 40_______ And don’tlet a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!A. Try new things.B. Ability is easily improved.C. Make three or four instead.D. Understand your food better.E. Cooking is a burden for many people.F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.G. A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.2014 全国卷新课标IThe jobs of the future have not been invented, 36 By helping them develop classic skills that will1. CuriosityYour children need to be deeply curious. 37 Ask kids,pancakes even better next time ”and then try them out. What could we try next time?2. Creativity“ What ingredients(配料 ) can we add to make theseDid those ingredients make the pancakes better?True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. 38 There are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their Creativity.3. Interpersonal SkillsUnderstanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what is going on inside our ownhead, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumpingto false conclusions. 39“ Why do you think she is crying?” “ Can you tell how that man is feeling by lat his face?” “ If someone were to do that to you, how would you feel? ”4. Self Expression40 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas a?music, acting, drawing, building, photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.A. Encourage kids to cook with you.B. And we can ’ t forget science education.C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’ t yet exist?E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.2013 新课标 IBusiness is the organized approach to providing customerswith the goods and services they want. The business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most business seek to makeCommonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers.Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business.73One is the establishment (制定 )of broad basic policies with respectto production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 74 The third relates to the establishment of standards of word in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管 )and guidance by the management in authority. 75A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standardsfor work.B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.C. Examples of nonprofit business top management and operative management.D. However, some businesses only seek to enough to cover their operating costsE. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.G Planning in business management has three main aspects.2013 新课标 IIPublic Speaking Training·Get a coach51，so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer youpublic speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that's right for you.·Focus on positivesAny training you do to become more effective at public speaking should always focus on the positive aspects of what you already do well. Nothing can hurt confidence more than being told that you aren't doing well. , so good public speaking training should develop those instead of telling you what you shouldn't do.·If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about.54. As far as we're concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends.·You are a special person not a cloneMost importantly, good public speaking training should treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits. 55 . Your training course should help you bring out your personality,not try to turn you into someone you're not.A. You aren't like anybody elseB. You already do lots of things wellC. Turn your back on too many rulesD. Check the rules about dos and don'tsE. Whatever the presentation, public speaking is toughF .The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleepG. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse2012 新课标Kids' health: Four steps for fighting stressEverybody gets stressed time to time. 71Some ways of dealing with stress 一 like screaming orto solving your problem or at least feeling better.Try taking these four steps. the next time you are stressed:(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk ot “ trusted adult, such as “ parent or otherrelatives .72They might have had similar problems, such asdealing witha test, or the death of abeloved pet.(2)Don't take it out on yourself. Sometimes when kids are stressed and upset they take it out on themselves. Oh, dear, that's good idea. Remember that there are always people to help you. Don't take it out on yourself.73(3) Try to solve the problem. After you're calm and you have support from adults and friends, it's time to get down to business.74Even if you can't solve it all,you can solve a piece of it.(4)Be positive. Most stress is temporary . Remember stress does go away,especially when youfigure out the problem and start working on solving it. These steps aren't magic, but they do work. And if you can stay positive as you make your way through a tough time, you'll help yourself feel better even faster. 75A.Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation.B.Notice your friends' feelings and find a way to help them.C.Different people feel stress in different waysD.Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone.E.You need to figure out what the problem is.F.And don't forget about your friends.G.Then, find a way to calm down2015 北京This Way to DreamlandDaydreaming means people think about somethingpleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing. Daydreamers have a badreputation for being unaware of what ’ s happening around them. They can seem forgetful andclumsy ._71__They annoy us because they seem to beignoring us and missing the important things.But daydreamersare also responsible for some of the greatest ideas andachievements in human history.__72__ Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas andinventions ?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams andavoid falling over tree roots orotherwise lookinglike a fool?First, understand that someopportunities for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.__73_ And if you want toimprove your chances of having a creative idea while you ’re daydreaming, try to do it while youinvolvedare in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings .It ’ s also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really needconcerntrateto .“Mindfulness ” , being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid fallingasleep.__74__ Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind hasmoved slowly away.____75_Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head isactually in the clouds.A. Having interesting things to think about also helps.B. They stare off into space andwander by themselves.C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn’ t haverelatively , Coke or Post-it notes.D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to bea cause of some mental illnesses.E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive.F. Daydreams are often very simple anddirect , quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand.G. Therefore, it’ s a good idea to keep a notebookrecordervoice nearby when you’ re in the daydream zone.2015 新课标 IITraining for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. 36 , buy the best-fitting running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have torely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days todouble-check the fit. 37 . As always, you should stretch(伸展 ) at least ten minutes before each run toprevent injuries .During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day.38, it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 39. After two weeks, start timing yourself.40. Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up atimetable for the remaining weeks before the race.A.After six daysB.For a good marathon runnerC.Before you begin your trainingD.With each day, increase the distance by a half mileE.If they still feel good, you can begin running in themF.Time spent for preparation raises the quality of trainingG.Now you are ready out a goal of improving distance and time长句难句解析与背诵1. Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs.2.As always, you should stretch(伸展 ) at least ten minutes before each run toprevent injuries .3.But during the next week, set a goal ofat least a mile and a half per run.4.Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.新课标 I2015Building Trust in a Relationship AgainTrust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences, 36 . Trust is a risk. But you can’bet successful when there a lack’s of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately , we ’ ve all beenvictims of betrayal . Whether we’ ve beenstolen from, lied to , misled,or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can37. ’ t t It ’ s understandable, but if you’ re willingtrus t o inbuildarelationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.● 38Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what thebest outcome would be for your well-being.●39If you’ vebeen betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance . But there ’asdifference between being a victim and living with a“ victimmentality”At. some point in all of our lives, we’ ll hour trust tested orviolated .You didn ’ t lose“ everything” . Once trust is lost, whatInsteadisleft?oflooking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.40 Instead, it ’as healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.A. Learn to really trust yourself.B. It is putting confidence in someone.C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.E. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’ t mean you’ re ignoring what happened.F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G. They ’ ve been too badly hurt and they can’ t bear to let it happen again.。
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