选词填空（15选10）10题，总分值：20分Directions：Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the word bank. Each word can be used only once.Today is my last day in Copenhagen. It is difficult to believe that I should leave aftertwo months’1) adventurous experiences in Denmark. I am so grateful for all thewonderful people who were so 2) generous to open their homes and their hearts tome. Additionally, I am thankful for all the city planners who set aside time in theirbusy 3) schedules to meet with an American student.It will be strange to return home to where well-intentioned 4) dwellers who see mecycling offer to throw my bike in their car and take me wherever I need to go. But atthe same time I am ready. I think it is important not to 5) escape to the placeswhere living in a certain way is easy. I think that America needs to build up itsbasic 6) facilities for bicycles, and I want to help improve our cities.You may think that I am too idealistic and obviously bicycling is not going to take offin the United States for plenty of 7) understandable reasons. You may becompletely right. However, I believe a(n) 8) attempt can only fail if one isconcentrated on the result. As one member of seven billion people, does that meanthat I don’t have to make a(n)9) measurable impact on anything because thereare plenty of other people to change the world? Absolutely not. We should have therealization that anything we manage to do will probably be 10) negligible . However,we have seven billion people and their impacts can add up. So if we can’t lookforward to the result, we should at least try to enjoy the journey. Thankfully, when itcomes to cycling, that one is easy!• A. generous• B. negligible• C. effort• D. neglected• E. adventurous• F. virtuous•G. schedules•H. deadlines•I. facilities•J. understandable•K. dwellers•L. attempt•M. habitats•N. measurable•O. escape参考答案：1) adventurous 2) generous 3) schedules 4) dwellers 5) escape 6)facilities 7) understandable 8) attempt 9) measurable 10) negligible∧收起解析长篇阅读10题，总分值：40分Directions：You are going to read a passage with 10 statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Bringing Back the Night: The Fight against Light PollutionA) Last month, France – including the City of Light – grew darker late at night as oneof the world’s most comprehensive lighting regulations went into effect. From 1 a.m.to 7 a.m., shop lights are being turned off, and lights inside office buildings must beextinguished within an hour of workers leaving the premises. The lighting on France’sbuilding facades (正面) cannot be turned on before sunset. Over the next two years,regulations restricting lighting on billboards will go into effect. These rules aredesigned to eventually cut carbon dioxide emissions by 250,000 tons per year, savethe equivalent of the annual energy consumption of 750,000 households, and reducethe country’s overall energy bill by 200 million Euros ($266 million).B) But no less a moti vation, says France’s Environment Ministry, is to “reduce the print of artificial lighting on the nocturnal (夜间的) environment” – a powerful acknowledgement that excessive use of lighting in many parts of the world is endangering our health and the health of the ecosystems on which we rely. The good news, however, is that light pollution is readily within our grasp to control.C) Until recently, efforts to restrain our use of light have been primarily in response to the serious light pollution erasing starry nights. But researchers are increasingly focusing on the impacts of so-called ecological light pollution, warning that disrupting these natural patterns of light and dark, and thus the structures and functions of ecosystems, is having profound impacts.D) The problem is worsening as India, Brazil, and numerous other countries are becoming increasingly affluent and urbanized. Satellite views of the earth at night show vast areas of North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia glowing white, with only the world’s remotest regions –Siberia, the Tibetan plateau, the Sahara Desert, the Amazon, and the Australian outback –still hidden in darkness. Some countries, such as Britain, and some US states –including Connecticut and California – have enacted regulations to reduce light pollution, but most nations and cities still do little to dial down the excessive use of light.E) Technological advances such as LEDs, or light-emitting diodes (二极管), can improve our ability to reduce and better regulate lighting, but these same new lights may actually make things worse because they contain heavy doses of a “blue-rich” white light that is especially disruptive to circadian (昼夜的) rhythms.F) Scientists are investigating new ways to provide society with the lighting it demands for security, commerce, and aesthetics, while greatly reducing the flood of light that is increasingly interfering with human health and the ability of many creatures to function. One research group funded by the German government –Verlust der Nacht, or Loss of Night –is coordinating numerous studies on light pollution, ranging from research into the socio-political challenges of cutting light pollution in the Berlin metropolitan area to the effects of light pollution on nocturnal mammals.G) Every flip of a light switch contributes to altering ancient patterns of mating, migration, and feeding, with no time for species to adapt. On the Caribbean island of Tobago, a 2012 study of leatherback turtles – a species that has been on earth for 150 million years –found that “artificial lighting of the nesting beaches is the biggest threat to survival of newly-hatched turtles and a major factor in declining leatherback turtle populations.” Evolved to follow the reflected light of the stars a nd moon from the beach to the ocean, baby turtles now instead follow the light of hotels andstreetlights, with the result that they die of dehydration (脱水), are eaten by predators, or run over by cars.H) Many migrating birds, drawn off-course by artificial light, join the breathtaking number –between 100 million and one billion, we don’t really know – killed each year by collision with human-made structures. Recent studies show that for bats – whose natural pest control benefits US agriculture alone by billions of dollars annually, according to a 2011 study in Science– artificial light disrupts patterns of travel and feeding since many bat species avoid illuminated areas. Recent articles on a menagerie of species reflect a new awareness of artificial l ight’s effects on ecology.I) Of course, “humans are animals as well,” explains Steven Lockley of Harvard Medical School’s Division of Sleep Medicine, “and so when light / dark cycles mess up seasonal patterns of trees or breeding cycles of amphibians (两栖动物), there’s no reason to think it’s not doing the same to us.”J) As recently as 1980, humans were thought to be immune to the effects of artificial light at night. But continuing research has shown that nocturnal light disrupts our sleep, confuses our circadian rhythms –those 24-hour biological processes that regulate our body’s functions –and impedes the production of the hormone melatonin at much lower levels than previously thought possible.K) Researchers and dark-sky advocates are seeking to reduce the harmful effects of new lighting technologies and devise solutions to the flood of light that erases the night in many parts of the world. The International Dark-Sky Association and the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America have together designed the Model Lighting Ordinance, which communities of any size can adopt. The MLO recommends limits for the amount of light in five different zones of lighting intensity. The regulation also recommends banning unshielded lighting in all zones.L) In the Journal of Applied Ecology, researchers have identified numerous practical steps to reduce light pollution: changing the spectral (光谱的) composition of lighting (especially LEDs), limiting the duration of lighting, reducing the “trespass” of lighti ng into areas not intended to be lit, altering the intensity of lighting, and preventing areas from being artificially lit in the first place.M) The relatively simple act of shielding our lights –installing or retrofitting lamp fixtures (固定装置) that direct light downward to its intended target – represents our best chance to control light pollution. While we seldom leave our interior lights bare, most of our outdoor lighting remains unshielded, sending light straight into the sky, into our eyes, into our neighbors’ bedrooms. Until recently, consumers had fewbuying choices, but that is changing. Companies such as Lowe’s, the home-improvement chain, now offer lines of shielded lighting fixtures. Street lighting, stadium lighting, parking lot and gas station lighting – all can be shielded.N) The objection will be that we need all this light for safety and security, with the justification that light equals safety, and darkness danger. This common belief goes far to explain why many gas stations and parking lots are lit more than 10 times as brightly as they were just 20 years ago, and why light pollution continues to grow at up to 20 percent per year, depending on the region. In fact, the issue of light at night and safety is complex, with little convincing evidence to support common assumptions. For example, ever-brighter lights can actually diminish security by casting glare that impedes our vision and creates shadows where criminals can hide.O) Experts say it is far more important to use light effectively than abundantly.Explaining France’s new lighting rules, Delphine Batho, until recently France’s environment minister, described the government’s desire to “change the culture” to include responsible use of light. This change is to be applauded, for what increasing numbers of studies – as well as our own eyes – tell us is that we are using far more light than we need, and at tremendous cost.11)Some organizations that support dark sky have come up with suggestions on how to reduce the damaging effects of lighting. K12)Research done in 2012 has shown that the survival of one type of turtle species is now threatened by artificial light. G13)The French government has implemented new lighting rules recently to protect the environment and save energy use. A14)A comparatively easy way to reduce light pollution is to have lights outside buildingsshielded. M15)The patterns of travel and feeding of many migrating birds have also been disturbed by artificial light. H16)Prosperity and urbanization of many countries have made the ecological lightpollution severer. D17)In the last few decades, studies have revealed the negative effects of nocturnal lighton humans. J18)Scientific research is being conducted into supplying the lighting needed for variouspurposes but minimizing its harmful impact on people and animals. F19)Those who oppose reducing the intensity of lighting claim that bright light makesthem feel secure. N20)In the past little attention was paid to the disruptive effects of light pollution onecosystems. C参考答案：11) K 12) G 13) A 14) M 15) H 16) D 17) J 18) F 19) N20) C∧收起解析阅读理解10题，总分值：40分Directions：Read the following passages carefully. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to each question.Creativity has been considered in terms of process, product or person and has beendefined as the interpersonal and intrapersonal process by means of which original,high quality, and genuinely significant products are developed. In dealing with youngchildren, the focus should be on the process, i.e., developing and generating originalideas, which is seen as the basis of creative potential.For a proper understanding of children’s creativity, one must distinguish creativityfrom intelligence and talent. Some experts expressed concern about whethercreativity in young children could be differentiated from other cognitive abilities. Morerecent studies have shown that components of creative potential can indeed bedistinguished from intelligence. The term “gifted” is often used to imply high intelligence. But some scientists have argued that intelligence and creativity are independent of each other, and a highly creative child may or may not be highly intelligent.Creativity goes beyond possession and use of artistic or musical talent. In this context, “talent” refers to the possession of a high degree of technical skill in a specialized area. Thus an artist may have wonderful technical skills, but may not succeed in evoking the emotional response that makes the viewer feel that a painting, for example, is unique. It is important to keep in mind that creativity is evidenced not only in music or art, but throughout the curriculum, in science, social studies and other areas.Most measures of children’s creativity have focused on ideational (构思的) fluency.Ideational fluency tasks require children to generate as many responses as they can to a particular stimulus, as is done in brainstorming. Ideational fluency is generally considered to be a critical feature of the creative process.For young children, the focus of creativity should remain on process: the generation of ideas. Adult acceptance of multiple ideas in a non-evaluative atmosphere will help children generate more ideas or move to the next stage of self-evaluation. As children develop the ability for self-evaluation, issues of quality and the generation of products become more important. The emphasis at this age should be on self-evaluation, for these children are exploring their abilities to generate and evaluate hypotheses, and revise their ideas based on that evaluation.21)What should be paid attention to in terms of young children’s creativity development?22)The main purpose of Paragraph 2 is to _________.23)How can an artist make the viewers feel that he is creative?24)What ability does “ideational fluency” (Para. 4) refer to?25)How should adults induce creativity in children?A. By teaching children to be able to evaluate their own ideas.B. By responding tochildren’s ideas in a non-judgmental way.C. By reminding children of the importance of others’ evaluations.D. By asking children to correct their ideas whenever they are wrong.参考答案：21) B 22) C 23) D 24) A 25) B∧收起解析Don’t ask whether the proposed $3 billion merger (兼并) of United Airlines and Continental will benefit you. It won’t. Because this isn’t about you. It’s about them.Specifically, it’s about the need for the airlines to raise fares and increase revenues after years of unreasonable discounting that led to billions in losses. “For the airlines, it’s a good thing,” says Matthew Smith, an airline analyst (分析师) at Majestic Research. “By not having as much supply, they can fly fuller planes, charge higher prices and operate more efficiently. For the customers, well, I don’t think they’re going to see planes that are only two-thirds full or bargain – basement prices from airlines desperate to fill seats.” In a joint press release, the new company promised “strong competitive pressure on fares,” but in reality that pressure has been coming from budget carriers such as Southwest and JetBlue.Those of us in the back of the bus may have to worry about employees who have lost some seniority (老资格) in a joined workforce. Labor issues might be a problem, says Perkins, contributing editor of . He remembers the strike of 1985 in United Airlines. “If and when they start making money,” says Perkins, “those unions could turn around and say, ‘We gave it up when you needed it. Where’s our share? ’” The potential for a strike worries him, si nce the new united company will hold 21 percent of the market and finding a replacement seat in the event of a strikecould be next to impossible.As for fares, there’s no place to go but up. After Delta merged with Northwest, fares on their combined routes rose at least 10 percent, according to George Hobica, founder of . But that’s no reason to panic. “The vast majority of leisure travel is optional,” he says. “When airlines raise fares, people stop flying. So they’ll have to be careful.” Even if this merger prompts a US Airways link-up and even more integration, Hobica doesn’t think we’re going to see wild fare increases. But it definitely means that you have to say goodbye to the past. “I’ve enjoyed the ride,”says Hobica with a s igh. “But the party’s over.”26)What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. The merged airlines will get their revenues increased soon after.B. After themerger, airlines have to try harder to make the planes full.C. The merged airlines will no longer offer discount to attract customers.D. Before the merger, airlines have suffered great loss from discounting.27)The word “promised” (Para. 1) most closely means ___________.28)What does Perkins worry about?A. The new airline company doesn’t want to employ senior workers.B. The newairline company holds too much share of the market.C. If a strike happens, the new airline company will face a hard situation.D. If the new airline makes money, its labor unions may share the profit.29)What does Hobica mean by “the party’s over” at the end of the passage?30)What does the author think of the merger of the two airline companies?参考答案：26) D 27) A 28) C 29) B 30) A ∧收起解析。
