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tema中英文对照标准
关于“Tema中英文对照标准”，这个问题涉及到工程领域的标
准化术语。
在工程领域，Tema是指“Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association”，即“管式换热器制造商协会”。
Tema标准是在工程设计和制造过程中，用于规范管式换热器的设计、制造和安装的标准。
这些标准涵盖了换热器的设计参数、材料要求、制造工艺、安装要求等方面。
由于Tema标准主要应用于工程领域，因此并没有官方的中英文
对照标准。
一般来说，Tema标准的文件和资料都是以英文为主，但
在一些国际化的工程项目中，可能会有中文翻译版本。
在这种情况下，可以参考相关的翻译文件来进行中英文对照。
总的来说，Tema标准的中英文对照标准并不是一个官方的标准
化术语，而是根据具体的工程项目和需要进行对照翻译的。
希望这
个回答能够满足您的需求，如果您有其他相关问题，欢迎继续提问。
套管式换热器设计手册一、换热器简介套管式换热器是一种高效、紧凑的换热设备，广泛应用于化工、石油、医药等领域。
它通过内管和外管的热传导作用，实现冷热流体的热量交换。
本手册将详细介绍套管式换热器的设计、制造、安装和维护等方面的知识。
二、设计基础2.1传热原理传热是热量从高温向低温的传递过程。
在套管式换热器中，热量通过内管和外管的传热面，由热流体传递给冷流体。
传热效率是换热器设计的关键因素，需综合考虑传热面积、流体温度、传热系数等因素。
2.2热力学基础热力学是研究热量转换和利用的学科，对于换热器的设计具有重要意义。
在设计过程中，需要考虑热力学第一定律和第二定律的应用，以提高换热器的能源利用效率和降低能耗。
三、套管式换热器结构3.1内管与外管内管和外管是套管式换热器的核心组成部分。
内管通常采用耐压、耐腐蚀的材料制成，而外管则起到保护和支撑的作用。
根据实际需求，可以选择不同材料和规格的内管和外管。
3.2连接方式套管式换热器的内管和外管之间通过连接方式实现密封和固定。
常见的连接方式有焊接、胀接、螺纹连接等，可根据实际需求选择合适的连接方式。
3.3密封材料密封材料用于内管和外管之间的密封，防止流体泄漏。
常用的密封材料有橡胶、聚四氟乙烯等，应根据实际工况选择合适的密封材料。
四、材料选择4.1耐压性能套管式换热器需承受一定的压力，因此材料应具备足够的耐压性能。
在选择材料时，应考虑其屈服强度、抗拉强度等力学性能指标。
4.2耐腐蚀性根据实际工况中的流体成分和温度，选择具有良好耐腐蚀性能的材料，以提高换热器的使用寿命。
制冷专业英语基本(jīběn)术语制冷 refrigeration蒸发制冷 evaporative refrigeration沙漠袋 desert bag制冷机 refrigerating machine制冷机械 refrigerating machinery制冷工程 refrigeration engineering制冷工程承包商 refrigeration contractor制冷工作者 refrigerationist制冷工程师 refrigeration engineer制冷技术员 refrigeration technician制冷技师(jìshī) refrigeration technician制冷技工 refrigeration mechanic冷藏工人 icer制冷安装技工 refrigeration installation mechanic 制冷维修技工 refrigeration serviceman冷藏链 cold chain制冷与空调维修店 refrigeration and air conditioning repair shop冷藏 refrigerated prvservation管道(guǎndào)与附件配管 tubing空调制冷配管 ACR tubing管道 piping，tubing制冷管路 refrigeration pipe line系统酸状况 acid condition system退火 annealing加压元件 pressure imposing element检修门 access door气封 vapor lock主管 main歧管 mainfold集管 header盐水管 brine line盐水集管 brine header旁通管 by-pass套管 tube-within-a-tube伸缩弯 expansion loop存油弯 oil loop液环 liquid loop配管 tubing空调制冷配管 ACR tubing管道 piping，tubing 制冷管路 refrigeration pipe line系统酸状况 acid condition system退火 annealing加压元件 pressure imposing element检修门 access door气封 vapor lock主管 main歧管 mainfold集管 header盐水管 brine line盐水集管 brine header旁通管 by-pass套管 tube-within-a-tube伸缩弯 expansion loop存油弯 oil loop液环 liquid loop吸入管 suction line，return line消声器 muffer分液贮存器 accumulator排出管 discharge line，hot gas line液体管 liquid line冷凝液管 condensate line管道附件 fittings软接头 connecting hose加液接头 charging connection快装接头 quick-release coupling，quick-coupler 法兰 flange接管 coupling收缩管 constricted tube异径内承插管 reducing coupling异径外承插管 double male reduction异径套管 reducing bushing螺纹接管 nipple阀 valve截止阀 stop valve止回阀 check valve角阀 angle valve球阀 ball type valve，ball valve闸阀 gate valve操作阀 service valve防通阀 bypass valve二通阀 two-way valve三通阀 three-way valve塞子 plug端盖 cap垫 gasket垫料 gasket填料 packing喇叭口接头 flared joint扩口工具 flaring tool胀口工具 swaging tool弯曲弹簧 bending spring弹簧弯管器 bending spring扭矩扳手 torque wrench压力容器 pressure vessel贮液筒/器 surge drum高压贮液筒 high pressure receiver低压贮液筒 low pressure receiver低压平衡筒 accumulator，surge drum均压管/平衡管 equalizer均压罐 equalizer tank平衡罐 balance tank液体分离器 suction trap气液分离器 flash chamber经济器 economizer喷射器 ejector搅拌器 agitator抽气回收装置 purge recovery unit排空 pump-down循环泵 circulation pump液位指示器 liquid level indicator窥镜 sight glass液体流动指示器 liquid flow indicator吸入压力表 suction gauge排出压力表 discharge gauge净化系统 purge recovery system油分离器 oil separator集液器 liquid trap集油器 oil receiver，oil trap不凝性气体分离器 non condensable gas purger 放空气器 gas purger干燥器 dehydrator，drier过滤器 filter，screen，strainer干燥过滤器 drier-filter脱水 dehydration干燥 drying干燥剂 desiccant硅胶 silica gel 活性铝 activated carbon分子筛 molecular sieve润滑(rùnhuá) lubrication滑油冷却器 oil cooler中间冷却器 intercooler，interstage cooler闪发式中间冷却器 flash intercooler膨胀容器 expansion tank冷凝器英语(yīnɡ yǔ)冷凝器 condenser冷凝液 condensate空冷式冷凝器 air-cooled condenser风冷式冷凝器 air-cooled condenser自然对流空冷式冷凝器 natural convecton air-cooled condenser强制通风式冷凝器 forced draught condenser冷凝风机 condensate fan线绕式冷凝器 wire and tube condenser水冷式冷凝器 water-cooled condenser沉浸(chénjìn)式盘管冷凝器 submerged coil condenser套管式冷凝器 double pipe condenser壳管式冷凝器 shell and tube condenser组合式冷凝器 multishell condenser卧式壳管式冷凝器 closed shell and tube condenser卧式冷凝器 closed condenser立式壳管式冷凝器 open shell and tube condenser立式冷凝器 open condenser，vertical condenser 壳盘管式冷凝器 shell and coil condenser分隔式冷凝器 split condenser淋激式冷凝器 atmospheric condenser溢流式冷凝器 bleeder-type condenser蒸发式冷凝器 evaporative condenser板式冷凝器 plate-type condenser空冷板式冷凝器 air-cooled plate-type condenser 水冷板式冷凝器 water-cooled plate-type condenser焊接板式冷凝器 welded sheet condenser螺旋板式冷凝器 spiral sheet condenser冷凝-贮液器 condenser-receiver混合式冷凝器 barometric condenser液化器 liquefier冷凝水泵 condensate pump冷凝器梳 condensate comb预冷盘管 desuperheating coil过冷器 subcooler中间冷却器 intercooler盐水冷却器 brine cooler气-液回热器 liquid or suction heat exchanger回热器 superheater紊流器 turbulator预冷器 precooler级间冷却器 interstage cooler饮水冷却器 drinking-water cooler喷泉式饮水冷却器 bubbler-type drinking water cooler冷藏间冷却器 cold-storage cooler盐水（水）冷却器 brine（water）cooler空气冷却器 air cooler，forced draught干式空气冷却器 dry-type air cooler强制循环空气冷却器 forced-circulation air cooler 自然对流空气冷却器 natural-convection air cooler空气冷却机组 air-cooler unit蒸发盘管干燥盘管 drier coil冷却盘管 cooling coil蒸发盘管 expansion coil蓄冷盘(lěngpán)管 hold-voer coil直接蒸发盘管 direct expansion coil制冷剂分配器 refrigerant distributor支承板 tube support蓄冷板 hold-over plate共晶混合物板 eutectic plate折流板 baffle滴水盘 drip tray冷藏库排管冷却排管 cooling coil，cooling grid冷却排管组 cooling battery顶排管 overhead coil墙排管 wall coil，wall grid蓄冷排管 hold-over coil，hold-over grid蓄冷板 hold-over plate冷却塔自然通风式冷却塔 atmpspheric cooling tower，natural draught cooling tower 机械通风式冷水(lěngshuǐ)塔 mechanical draught cooling tower吸风式冷水塔 induced draught cooling tower送风式冷水塔 forced draught cooling tower水膜式冷水塔 film cooling tower水滴式冷水塔 drop cooling tower喷雾式冷水塔 spray cooling tower拉西环 Rasching rings温度接近值 approach水垢 scale水垢抑制剂 scale inhibitor藻类 algae防藻剂 algaecide淀渣 slime升压阀 back-up valve冷水塔 water cooling tower，cooling tower凉水塔 water cooling tower，cooling tower冷却塔 water cooling tower，cooling tower喷水池 spray pond干式冷水塔 dry cooling tower湿-干式冷水塔 wet-dry cooling tower冷水塔填料 packing of cooling tower，fill of cooling tower膜式填料 film packing帘栅形填料 grid packing，grid fill片式填料 plate packing，plate fill松散(sōngsǎn)填料 random packing，random fill飞溅式填料 splash packing蒸发器壳盘管式蒸发器 shell-and-coil evaporator壳管式蒸发器 shell-and-tube evaporator喷淋式蒸发器 spray-type evaporator立管式蒸发器 vertical-type evaporator平行管蒸发器 receway coil螺旋管式蒸发器 spiral tube evaporator“V”型管蒸发器 herringbone type evaporator沉浸式盘管蒸发器 submerged evaporator板式蒸发器 plate-type evaporator螺旋板式蒸发器 spiral sheet evaporator平板式蒸发器 plate-type evaporator，tube-in-sheet evaporator管板式蒸发器 tube-on-sheet evaporator凹凸板式蒸发器 embossed-plate evaporator 吹胀式蒸发器 roll-bond evaporator压焊板式蒸发器 roll-bond evaporator制冰块器的蒸发器 ice cube maker evaporator 结冰式蒸发器 ice-bank evaporator蓄冰式蒸发器 ice-bank evaporator结霜蒸发器 frosting evaporator除霜蒸发器 defrosting evaporator无霜蒸发器 nonfrosting evaporator强制通风蒸发器 forced circulation evaporator 冷液式蒸发器 liquid cooling evaporator封套式蒸发器 wrap-round evaporator蒸发器 evaporator直接冷却式蒸发器 direct evaporator直接式蒸发器 direct evaporator间接(jiàn jiē)冷却式蒸发器 indirect cooled evaporator间接式蒸发器 indirect evaporator干式蒸发器 dry expansion evaporator满液式蒸发器 flooded evaporator再循环式蒸发器 recirculation-type evaporator 强制循环式蒸发器 pump-feed evaporator制冷剂制冷剂（制冷工质） refrigerant高温制冷剂 high temperature refrigerant低压制冷剂 low pressure refrigerant中温制冷剂 medium temperature refrigerant 中压制冷剂 medium pressure refrigerant低温制冷剂 low temperature refrigerant高压制冷剂 high pressure refrigerant氟利昂 freon卤化碳制冷剂 halocarbo refrigerant氟利昂11 freon 11氟利昂12 freon 12氟利昂13 freon 13氟利昂14 freon 14氟利昂22 freon 22氟利昂113 freon 113氟利昂125 freon 125氟利昂134a freon 134a氟利昂152a freon 152a碳氢化合物制冷剂 hydrocarbon refrigerant甲烷 methane 乙烷 ethane丙烷 propane丁烷 butane异丁烷 isobutane乙烯 ethylene无机化合物制冷剂 inorganic compund refrigerant氨 ammonia二氧化碳(èr yǎng huà tàn) carbon dioxide 二氧化硫 sulphur dioxide干冰 dry ice共沸制冷剂 azeotropic mixture refrigerant 氟里昂500 freon 500氟里昂501 freon 501氟里昂502 freon 502氟里昂503 freon 503氟里昂504 freon 504近共沸溶液制冷剂 near azeotropic mixture refrigerant非共沸溶液制冷剂 nonazeotropic mixture refrigerant润滑油润滑油 lubricant oil冷冻机油 refrigeration oil冷冻油 refrigerant oil凝点 condensation point闪点 flash point浊点 cloud point絮凝点 flock point流动点 pour point起泡 foaming皂化(zàohuà) saponify油泥 sludge结碳 carbonization制冷装置试验与操作试运转 commissioning吹污 flush气密性试验 gas-tight test，air-right test密闭容器 closed container漏气 air infiltration放气 air vent检漏 leak hunting，leak detection检漏仪 leak detector卤素灯 halide torch电子检漏仪 electronic leak detector真空试验 vacuum test试验压力 test pressure工作压力 operating pressure，working pressure 最高工作压力 highest operating pressure气密试验压力 gas-tight test pressure设计压力 design pressure平衡压力 balance pressure充气 aerate，gas charging制冷剂充注 refrigerant charging首次充注 initial charge保护充注 holding charge，service charge制冷剂不足 lack of refrigerant，under-charge，gas shortage缺液 starveling充灌台 charging board充灌量 charge充注过多 overcharge供液过多 overfeeding制冷剂抽空 pump down of refrigerant降温试验 pull down test制冷[功能]试验 refrigeration test卸载起动 no-load starting，unloaded start卸载机构 unloader闪发 flash vaporization，instantaneous vaporization闪发气体 flash gas不凝性气体 non condensable gas气体排除 gas purging，degassing，gasoff阀针跳动 hammering，needle hammer阀振荡 hunting of a valve阀片跳动 valve flutter，valve bounce短期循环 short-cycling异常温升 overheating泄漏 leak气蚀 cavitation制冷剂瓶 refrigerant cylinder，gas bottle检修用瓶 service cylinder，gas bottle紧急泄放阀 emergency-relief valve检修阀 service valve安全阀 pressure relief valve抽空阀 pump out valve 加油阀 oil charge valve放油阀 oil drain valve放空阀 purge valve充灌阀 charging valve喷液阀 liquid injection valve制冷(zhìlěng)装置制冷装置 refrigerating installation，refrigerating plant工业制冷装置 industrial refrigerating plant商业制冷装置 commercial refrigerating plant中心(zhōngxīn)站房 central station成套机组 self-contained system规范安装 code installation制冷回路 refrigerating circuit热平衡 heat balance货物负荷 product load操作负荷 service load设计负荷 design load负荷系数 load factor制冷系统自动(zìdòng)调节流量调节 flow regulation制冷剂控制器 refrigerant control膨胀阀 expansion valve节流阀 throttle valve热力膨胀阀 thermostatic expansion valve热电膨胀阀 thermal electric expansion valve内平衡热力膨胀阀 internal equalizer thermostaice expansion valve外平衡热力膨胀阀 external equalizer thermostaice expansion valve外平衡管 external equalizer pipe内平衡管 internal equalizer pipe蒸发器阻力损失 pressure drop of evaporator同工质充注 same material charge交*充注 cross charge吸附充注 absorptive charge气体充注 gas charge膨胀阀过热度 superheat degree of expansion valve过热温度调节 superheat temperature regulation 膨胀阀容量 expansion valve capacity手动膨胀阀 hand expansion valve自动膨胀阀 automatic expansion valve浮球调节阀 float regulation valve浮球阀 float valve低压浮球阀 low pressure float valve高压浮球阀 high pressure float valve流量调节 flow regualation制冷剂控制器 refrigerant control膨胀阀 expansion valve节流阀 throttle valve热力膨胀阀 thermostatic expansion valve热电膨胀阀 thermal electric expansion valve内平衡热力膨胀阀 internal equalizer thermostaice expansion valve外平衡热力膨胀阀 external equalizer thermostaice expansion valve外平衡管 external equalizer pipe内平衡管 internal equalizer pipe蒸发器阻力损失 pressure drop of evaporator同工质充注 same material charge交*充注 cross charge吸附充注 absorptive charge气体充注 gas charge膨胀阀过热度 superheat degree of expansion valve过热温度调节 superheat temperature regulation 膨胀阀容量 expansion valve capacity手动膨胀阀 hand expansion valve自动膨胀阀 automatic expansion valve浮球调节阀 float regulation valve浮球阀 float valve低压浮球阀 low pressure float valve高压浮球阀 high pressure float valve恒压膨胀阀 constant pressure expansion valve 能量调节 capacity regulator单机能量调节 capacity regulation of single unit 卸载能量调节 capacity regulation of load drainage程序指令式能量调节系统 capacity regulation system of program order电磁阀 solenoid valve电磁滑阀 magnetic slide valve三通电磁阀 three way magnetic valve制冷能力及计算术语(shùyǔ)英语运行工况 operating conditions标准性能 standard rating标准工况 standard condition空调工况 air conditioning condition内部条件 internal conditions外部条件 external conditions蓄热 accumulation of heat蓄冷 accumulation of cold制冰能力 ice-making capacity热泵用压缩机的供热系数 heat-pump compressor coefficient of performance容积效率 volumetric efficiency容积输气量 vulumetric displacement实际输气量 actual displacement理论输气量 theoretical displacement冷凝热量 condenser heat过冷热量 heat of subcooling过热热量 superheat运转工况下的制冷量 rating under working conditions标准制冷量 standard rating名义工况 normal conditions试验工况 test conditions轴功率 brake power效率 efficiency指示效率 indicated efficiency机械效率 mechanical efficiency总效率 overall efficiency制冷系数 coefficient of performance （COP）制冷压缩机的制冷系数 refrigerating compressor coefficient of performance热力完善度 thermodynamical perfectness能效比 energy efficiency ratio （EER）热泵供热系数 heat-pump coefficient of performance空调有效显热制冷量 useful sensible heat capacity of air conditioner空调有效潜热(qiánrè)（减湿）制冷量 useful latent heat (dehumidifyying) capacity of air conditioner空调器有效总制冷量 useful total capacity of air conditioner制冷剂循环量 circulating mass of refrigerant制冷剂循环容积 circulating volume of refrigerant单位压缩功 compress work per mass示功图 indicator diagram指示功 indicated work摩擦功 frictional work功率 power摩擦功率 frictional power指示功率 indicated power理论功率 idea power制冷量 refrigerating capacity总制冷量 gross refrigerating capacity净制冷量 net refrigerating capacity单位制冷量 refrigerating capacity per weighing 单位容积制冷量 refrigerating capacity per unit of swept volume制冷系统制冷量 system refrigerating capacity单位轴功率制冷量 refrigerating effect per shaft power压缩冷凝机组制冷量 compressor condensing unit refrigerating capacity制冷压缩机制冷量 refrigerant compressor capacity蒸发器净制冷量 net cooler refrigerating capacity制冷暖通行业(hángyè)品牌中英文对照AEROFLEX “亚罗弗”保温ALCO “艾科”自控Alerton 雅利顿Alfa laval阿法拉伐ARMSTRONG “阿姆斯壮”保温AUX 奥克斯BELIMO 瑞士“搏力谋”BERONOR西班牙“北诺尔”电加热器BILTUR 意大利“百得”BOSIC “柏诚”自控BROAD 远大(yuǎndà)Burnham美国“博恩汉”锅炉CALPEDA意大利“科沛达”水泵CARLY 法国“嘉利”制冷配件Carrier 开利Chigo 志高Cipriani 意大利斯普莱力CLIMAVENETA意大利“克莱门特” Copeland“谷轮”压缩机CYRUS意大利”赛诺思”自控DAIKIN 大金Danfoss丹佛斯Dorin “多菱”压缩机DUNHAM-BUSH 顿汉布什DuPont美国“杜邦”制冷剂Dwyer 美国德威尔EBM “依必安”风机ELIWELL意大利“伊力威”自控EVAPCO美国“益美高”冷却设备EVERY CONTROL意大利“美控” Erie 怡日FRASCOLD 意大利“富士豪”压缩机FRICO瑞典“弗瑞克”空气幕FUJI “富士”变频器FULTON 美国“富尔顿”锅炉GENUIN “正野”风机GREE 格力GREENCOOL格林柯尔GRUNDFOS “格兰富”水泵Haier 海尔Hisense 海信HITACHI 日立Honeywell 霍尼韦尔Johnson 江森Kelon 科龙KRUGER瑞士“科禄格”风机KU BA德国“库宝”冷风机Liang Chi 良机LIEBERT 力博特MARLEY “马利”冷却塔Maneurop法国“美优乐”压缩机McQuary 麦克维尔Midea 美的MITSUBISHI三菱Munters 瑞典“蒙特”除湿机Oventrop德国“欧文托普”阀门Panasonic 松下RANCO “宏高”自控REFCOMP意大利“莱富康”压缩机RIDGID 美国“里奇”工具RUUD美国“路德”空调RYODEN “菱电”冷却塔SanKen “三垦”变频器Samsung 三星SANYO 三洋SASWELL英国森威尔Schneider 施耐德SenseAir 瑞典“森尔”传感器SIEMENS 西门子SINKO "新晃“空调SINRO “新菱”冷却塔STAND “思探得”加湿器SWEP 舒瑞普TECKA “台佳”空调Tecumseh“泰康”压缩机TRANE 特灵TROX德国“妥思”VASALA芬兰“维萨拉”传感器WILO德国“威乐”水泵WITTLER 德国”威特”阀门YORK 约克ZENNER德国“真兰”计量蒸汽(zhēnɡ qì)喷射式制冷系统英语蒸汽喷射(pēnshè)制冷 steam jet refrigeration蒸汽喷射制冷机 steam-jet refrigerating machine 蒸发式蒸汽喷射制冷机 evaporation-type steam jet refrigeration machine混合式蒸汽喷射制冷机 contact-type steam jet refrigerating machine蒸汽喷射制冷系统 steam jet refrigerating system蒸汽喷射器 steam ejector主喷射器 main ejector辅助喷射器 auxiliary ejector喷射系数 jet coefficient主冷凝器 main condenser辅助冷凝器 auxiliary condenser多效蒸发 multieffective evaporation高位安装 high-level installation低位安装 low-level installation高低位安装 high-low-level installation一般制冷(zhìlěng)换热器英语换热器 heat exchanger热交换器 heat exchanger 紧凑式换热器 compact heat exchanger管式换热器 tubular heat exchanger套管式换热器 double-pipe heat exchanger间壁式换热器 surface type heat exchanger 表面式换热器 surface type heat exchanger 板管式换热器 tube-on-sheet heat exchanger 板翅式换热器 plate-fin heat exchanger板式换热器 plate heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 平板式换热器 flat plate heat exchanger顺流式换热器 parallel flow heat exchanger 逆流式换热器 counter flow heat exchanger *流式换热器 cross-flow heat echanger折流式换热器 turn back flow heat exchanger 直接接触式换热器 direct heat exchanger旋转式换热器 rotary heat exchanger刮削式换热器 scraped heat exchanger热管式换热器 heat pipe exchanger蓄热器 recuperator壳管式换热器 shell and tube heat exchanger 管板 tube plate可拆端盖 removable head管束 bundle of tube管束尺寸 size of tube bundle顺排管束 in-line hank of tubes错排管束 staggered hank of tubes盘管 coil蛇形管 serpentine coilU形管 U-tube光管 bare tube肋片管 finned tube翅片管 finned tube肋管 finned tube肋管束 finned tube bundle肋片 fin套片 plate fin螺旋肋 spiral fin整体肋 integral fin纵向肋 longitudinal fin钢丝肋 wire fin内肋 inner fin肋片管尺寸 size of fin tube肋片厚度 fin thickness肋距 spacing of fin肋片数 pitch of fin肋片长度 finned length肋片高度 finned height肋效率 fin efficiency换热面积 heat exchange surface传热面积 heat exchange surface冷却面积 cooling surface加热表面 heat exchange surface基表面 primary surface扩展表面 extended surface肋化表面 finned surface迎风表面 face area流通表面 flow area净截面积 net area;effective sectional area迎风面流速 face velocity净截面流速 air velocity at net area迎风面质量流速 face velocity of mass净截面质量流速 mass velocity at net area冷（热）媒有效流通面积 effective area for cooling or heating medium冷（热）媒流速 velocity of cooling or heating medium干工况 dry condition；sensible cooling condition 湿工况 wet condition；dehumidifying condition 接触系数 contact factor旁通系数 bypass factor换热效率系数 coefficient of heat transmission effectiveness盘管风阻力 air pressure drop of coil；air resistance of coil盘管水阻力 pressure drop of cooling or heating medium表面冷却 surface cooling蒸发冷却 evaporating cooling冷却元件 cooling element盐水冷却系统开式盐水冷却系统 open brine system闭式盐水系统 closed brine system盐水箱 brine bank盐水混合(hùnhé)箱 brine mixing tank盐水溢流箱 brine return tank盐水回流箱 brine return tank盐水膨胀箱 brine balance tank 盐水加热器 brine heater盐水冷却器 brine cooler盐水筒 brine drum盐水集管 brine header盐水泵 brine pump盐水喷雾 brine spray盐水喷淋 brine sparge吸收式制冷机英语(yīnɡ yǔ)吸收式制冷机 absorption refrigerating machine 吸收式制冷系统 absorption refrigerating system 间歇式吸收系统 intermittent absoprtion system 连续循环吸收式系统 continuous cycle absorption system固体吸收式制冷 solid absorption refrigeration氨-水吸收式制冷机 ammonia/water absorption refrigerating machine单级氨-水吸收式制冷机 single stage ammonia/water absorption refrigerating machine多级氨-水吸收式制冷机 multistageammonia/water absorption refrigerating machine双级氨-水吸收式制冷机 ammonia/water absorption refrigerating machine with two stage absorption process双级发生和双级吸收式氨-水制冷机ammonia/water absorption refrigerating machine with two stage generation and absoprtion process分解 decomposition水解 hydrolysis扩散 diffusion能量增强剂 energy booster缓蚀剂 anticorrsive发生不足 incomplete boiling吸收不足 incomplete absorption喷淋密度 sprinkle density溴化锂 lithium bromide溴化锂水溶液 aqueous solution of lithium bromide氨水溶液 aqueous solution of ammonia吸收剂 absorbent,absorbing agent吸附剂 adsorbent溶液 solution浓度 concentration溶解度 solubility溶剂 solvent溶质(róngzhì) solute浓溶液 rich solution,concentrated solution稀溶液 weak solution,diluted solution溶液分压 partial pressure of liquor吸收 absorption吸附 adsorption吸收式制冷 absorption refrigeration吸附式制冷 adsorption refrigeration工质对 working substance热力系数 heat ratio放气范围 deflation ratio焓-浓度图 enthalpy concentration chart溴化锂吸收式制冷机 lithiumbromide absorption refrigerating machine单效型溴化锂吸收式制冷机 single-effect lithiumbromide absorption refrigerating machine 两效型溴化锂吸收式制冷机 double-effect lithiumbromide absorption refrigerating machine 单筒型溴化锂吸收式制冷机 one-shell lithiumbromide absorption refrigerating machine 双筒型溴化锂吸收式制冷机 two-shell lithiumbromide absorption refrigerating machine 三筒型溴化锂吸收式制冷机 three-shell lithiumbromide absorption refrigerating machine 两级溴化锂吸收式制冷机 two-stage lithiumbromide absorption refrigerating machine 直燃式溴化锂吸收式制冷机 direct-fired lithiumbormide absorption refrigerating machine 溴化锂吸收式冷温水机组 lithiumbromide absorption water heater chiller无泵型溴化锂吸收式制冷机 lithiumbromide absorption refrigerating machine with bubble pump蒸汽型吸收式制冷机 steam operated absorption refrigerating machine热水型吸收式制冷机 hot water operated absorption refrigerating machine发生器 generator沉浸式发生器 submerged generator喷淋式发生器 spray-type generator 立式降膜式发生器 vertical falling film generator 直燃式发生器 direct-fired generator高压发生器 high pressure generator低压发生器 low pressure generator吸收器 absorber喷淋式吸收器 spray absorber降膜式吸收器 falling film absorber立式降膜式吸收器 vertical falling film absorber 卧式降膜式吸收器 horizontal falling film absorber喷淋装置 spray system溶液换热器 solution heat exchanger溶晶管 anti-crystallinic pipe抽气装置 purging system精馏器 rectifier屏蔽泵 shield pump发生器泵 generator pump吸收器泵 absorber pump蒸发器泵 evaporator pump溶液泵 solution pump氨水泵 aqua-ammonia pump混合阀 mixing valve压缩机制冷系统及机组(jīzǔ)制冷系统 refrigeration system制冷机 refrigerating machine机械压缩制冷系统 mechanical compression refrigeration system蒸气压缩制冷系统 vapour compression refrigeration system压缩式系统 compression system压缩机 compressor制冷压缩机 refrigerating compressor,refrigerant compressor吸气端 suction end排气端 discharge end低压侧 low pressure side高压侧 high pressure side蒸发压力 evaporating pressure吸气压力 suction pressure,back pressure排气压力 discharge pressure蒸发温度 evaporating temperature冷凝压力 condensing pressure冷凝温度 condensing temperature吸气温度 suction temperature回气温度 back temperature排气温度 discharge temperature压缩比 compression ratio双效压缩 dual compression单级压缩 single-stage compression双级压缩 compound compression多级压缩 multistage compression压缩级 compression stage低压级 low pressure stage高压级 high pressure stage中间压力 intermediate pressure中间冷却 intercooling多级膨胀 multistage expansion湿压缩 wet compression干压缩 dry compression制冷系统 refrigerating system机械制冷系统 mechanical refrigerating system 氟利昂制冷系统 freon refrigerating system氨制冷系统 ammonia refrigerating system压缩式制冷系统 compression refrigerating system单级压缩制冷系统 single-stage compression refrigeration system双级压缩制冷系统 two-stage compression refrigeration system多级制冷系统 multistage refrigerating system复叠式制冷系统 cascade refrigerating system混合制冷剂复叠系统 mixed refrigerant cascade 集中制冷系统 central refrigerating plant直接制冷系统 direct refrigeration system直接膨胀供液制冷系统 refrigeration system with supply liqiud direct expansion重力供液制冷系统 refrigeration system with supply liquid refrigerant for the evaporator by gravity液泵供液制冷系统 refrigeration system with supply liquid refrigerant for evaporator by liquid pump间接制冷系统 indirect refrigeration system融霜系统 defrosting system热气融霜系统 defrosting system by superheated vapour电热(diànrè)融霜系统 eletrothermal defrosting system制冷系统故障 breakdown of the refrigerating system冰堵 freeze-up冰塞 ice plug脏堵 filth blockage油堵 greasy blockage液击（冲缸、敲缸） slugging湿行程 wet stroke镀铜现象 appearance of copper-plating烧毁 burn-out倒霜 frost back制冷机组 refrigerating unit压缩机组 compressor unit开启式压缩机组 open type compresssor unit开启式压缩机 open type compressor半封闭式压缩机组 semihermetic compressor unit半封闭式压缩机 semihermetic compressor全封闭式压缩机组 hermetically sealed compressor unit全封闭式压缩机 hermetically sealed compressor 压缩冷凝机组 condensing unit全封闭式压缩冷凝机组 hermetically sealed condensing unit半封闭式压缩冷凝机组 semihermetically sealed condensing unit开启式压缩冷凝机组 open type compressor condensing unit工业用压缩冷凝机组 industrial condensing unit 商业用压缩冷凝机组 commercial condensing unit整马力压缩冷凝机组 integral horsepower condensing unit分马力压缩冷凝机组 fractional horsepower condensing unit跨式制冷机组 straddle refrigerating unit涡流管制(guǎnzhì)冷英语涡流(wōliú)制冷效应 vortex refrigerating effect 兰克-赫尔胥效应 Ranque-Hilsch effect涡流管制冷 vortex tube refrigeration涡流管 vortex tube兰克管 Ranque tube膨胀喷嘴 expansion injector涡流室 vortex device分离孔板 separation orifice调节阀 control valve膨胀压力比 expansion pressure ratio冷气流分量 cold gas fraction热气流分量 hot gas fraction冷却效应 cooling effect加热效应 heating effect冷却效率 cooling efficiency磁制冷英语磁热效应 magnetocaloric effect磁制冷 magnetic refrigeration磁制冷机 magnetic refrigerating machine磁冰箱 magnetic refrigerator透平(tòu pínɡ)压缩机及零部件英语涡流 swirl叶片(yèpiàn)颤振 blade flutter叶片通过频率 blade passing frequency喘振 surging脱流 stall叶轮反应度(反作用度） impeller reaction叶轮 impeller半开式叶轮 unshrouded impeller闭式叶轮 shrouded impeller叶片 blade,vane导流叶片组件 pre-rotary vane assembly扩压器 diffuser蜗壳 scroll滑动 slip透平压缩机 turbocompressor离心式压缩机 centrifugal compressor轴流式压缩机 axial flow compressor刚性轴离心式压缩机 stiff-shaft centrifugal compressor挠性轴离心式压缩机 flexibleshaft centrifugal compressor亚音速压缩机 subsonic compressor超音速压缩机 supersonic compressor太阳能制冷(zhìlěng)与供热英语太阳能 solar energy太阳常数 solar constant太阳能系统 solar energy system 被动式太阳能系统 passive solar energy system 主动式太阳能系统 active solar energy system 混合式太阳能系统 hybrid solar energy system 太阳能制冷 solar cooling太阳能热机驱动制冷 solarpowered cooling太阳能吸收式制冷机 solar absorption refrigerating machine光-热转换制冷 photothermal refrigeration光-电转换制冷 photoelectrical refrigeration太阳能蒸汽喷射制冷机 solar steam jet refrigerating machine连续式太阳能吸收式制冷机 continual solar absorption refrigerating machine间歇式太阳能吸收式制冷机 intermittent solar absorption refrigerating machine敞开式太阳能吸收式制冷机 open solar absorption refrigerating machine太阳能空调装置 solar air-conditioning system 太阳能制冷系统 solar energy cooling system,solar cooling system太阳能集热器 solar collector选择式吸收表面 selective absorber surface电淀积 electrodeposition平板型太阳能集热器 flat plate solar collector 真空管太阳能集热器 tubular solar collector,vacuum tube collector聚光型太阳能机热器 focus solar collector集热量 heat-collecting capacity集热温度 heat-collecting temperature集热效率 heat-collecting efficiency蓄热介质 heat storge medium岩石蓄热容器 rock storge container辅助热源 supplementary heat source太阳能贮存系统 solar energy storge system太阳能供热系统 solar heating system,solar space heating installation自然循环闭式供水系统 natural convection closed water system强制循环闭式供水系统 forced convection in a closed water system热风供热系统 warm air heating system家用太阳能热水系统 solar domestic water heating system容积式压缩机及零部件英语容积式压缩机 positive displacement compressor 往复式压缩机（活塞式压缩机） reciprocating compressor回转式压缩机 rotary compressor滑片式压缩机 sliding vane compressor单滑片回转式压缩机 single vane rotary compressor滚动转子式压缩机 rolling rotor compressor三角转子式压缩机 triangle rotor compressor多滑片回转式压缩机 multi-vane rotary compressor滑片 blade旋转活塞式压缩机 rolling piston compressor涡旋式压缩机 scroll compressor涡旋盘 scroll固定涡旋盘 stationary scroll,fixed scroll驱动涡旋盘 driven scroll,orbiting scroll斜盘式压缩机（摇盘式压缩机） swash plate compressor斜盘 swash plate摇盘 wobble plate螺杆式压缩机 screw compressor单螺杆压缩机 single screw compressor阴转子 female rotor阳转子 male rotor主转子 main rotor闸转子 gate rotor无油压缩机 oil free compressor膜式压缩机 diaphragm compressor活塞式压缩机 reciprocating compressor单作用压缩机 single acting compressor双作用压缩机 double acting compressor双效压缩机 dual effect compressor双缸压缩机 twin cylinder compressor闭式曲轴箱压缩机 closed crankcase compressor 开式曲轴箱压缩机 open crankcase compressor 顺流式压缩机 uniflow compressor逆流式压缩机 return flow compressor干活塞式压缩机 dry piston compressor双级压缩机 compund compressor多级压缩机 multistage compressor差动活塞式压缩机 stepped piston compound compressor,differential piston compressor 串轴式压缩机 tandem compressor,dual compressor截止阀 line valve,stop valve排气截止阀 discharge line valve吸气截止阀 suction line valve部分负荷旁通口 partial duty port能量调节器 energy regulator容量控制滑阀 capacity control slide valve容量控制器 capacity control消声器 muffler联轴节 coupling曲轴箱 crankcase曲轴箱加热器 crankcase heater轴封 crankcase seal,shaft seal填料盒 stuffing box轴封填料 shaft packing机械密封 mechanical seal波纹管密封 bellows seal转动密封 rotary seal迷宫密封 labyrinth seal轴承 bearing滑动轴承 sleeve bearing偏心环 eccentric strap滚珠轴承 ball bearing滚柱轴承 roller bearing滚针轴承 needle bearing止推轴承 thrust bearing外轴承 pedestal bearing臼形轴承 footstep bearing轴承箱 bearing housing止推盘 thrust collar偏心销 eccentric pin曲轴平衡块 crankshaft counterweight,crankshaft balance weight曲柄轴 crankaxle偏心轴 eccentric type crankshaft曲拐轴 crankthrow type crankshaft连杆 connecting rod连杆大头 crank pin end连杆小头 piston pin end曲轴 crankshaft主轴颈 main journal曲柄 crank arm,crank shaft曲柄销 crank pin。
一、例子 (4)二、Input输入模块 (4)1、problem definition问题定义模块 (4)1.1、description基本描写 (5)2、application options（程序运行环境选择） (5)2.1、Hot side application（热流运行环境） (6)2.2、Condensation curve冷凝曲线 (6)2.3、Condenser type冷凝器类型 (6)2.4、Cod side application（冷流运行环境） (7)2.5、Location of hot fluid流程安排（热流位置） (7)2.6、Program mode（程序模式选择：设计、优化、模拟） (7)3、process data物流参数输入 (8)3.1、Fluid name（流体名称） (8)3.2、Fluid quantity, total（热或冷流体总流速） (8)3.3、Temperature冷热流体进出口温度 (8)3.4、Operating Pressure(absolute) 绝对操作压力 (9)3.5、Heat exchanged交换热量 (9)3.6、allowable pressure drop允许的压力降 (9)3.7、fouling resistance污垢热阻 (10)4、热平衡计算环境 (11)5、Physical Property Data物理特性数据 (11)（1）Property Option（特性程序选择——一般默认） (12)（2）Hot Side Composition热物质组成（若未知可不输） (12)（3）Hot Side Properties（热物流特性） (13)（4）cold side composition（冷物流组成——与前热物流组成一样） (13)（5）cold side properties（冷物流特性） (13)6、Exchanger Geometry（结构参数） (13)6.1 exchanger Type（换热器类型） (14)（1）Front head type（换热器前端管箱） (14)（3）Rear head type（后端结构） (17)（4）exchanger position（换热器水平还是垂直安装） (18)（5）cover密封（盖子）面类型（工艺计算没必要提供） (18)（6）Tubesheet type管板形式 (18)（7）Tube to tubesheet joint管子与管板的连接（工艺不关键） (19)6.2 Tubes（换热管） (19)（1）Tube type（管子类型） (19)（2）Tube outside diameter（管子外径） (20)（3）Tube wall thickness（管子壁厚） (21)（4）Tube wall roughness（管子粗糙度） (21)（5）Tube wall Specification（管子壁厚计算指定） (21)（6）Tube pich管心距 (22)（7）Tube material管子材质 (22)（8）Tube pattem换热管的排列 (22)（9）翅片管相关数据 (23)（a）Fin density翅片密度 (23)（b）Fin height翅片高度 (24)（c）Fin thickness翅片厚度 (24)（d）Surface area per unit length每单位管长的表面积 (24)（e）Outside/Inside surface area ratio外内表面积比 (24)（f）Twisted Tape Ratio扭带比 (24)（g）Twisted Tape Width纽带宽 (24)（h）Tapered tube ends for knockback condensers (24)6.3 Bundle结构参数限定 (25)（1）shell entrance/exit壳体入口/出口 (25)（2）Provide disengagement space in shell (pool boilers only) 提供气体空间（只对锅炉使用） (26)（3）Percent of shell diameter for disengagement 指定空间相对于壳体直径的百分比 (27)（4）Impingement（壳体入口设置防冲板或导流板） (27)（a）壳程设置防冲板或导流板的条件 (27)（b）Impingement protection type防冲挡板及导流板类型 (27)（d）Impingement plate diameter防冲板直径 (28)（e）Impingement plate length and width防冲挡板的长度和宽度 (29)（f）Impingement plate thickness防冲挡板的厚度 (29)（g）Impingement distance from shell ID壳体内侧到防冲挡板的距离 (29)（h）Impingement clearance to tube edge防冲挡板到第一排换热管的距离 (29)（i）Impingement plate perforation area %导流板穿孔面积百分数 (29)（3）Layout Options布置 (29)（a）Pass layout布置 (29)（b）Design symmetrical tube layout对称布管选项 (30)（c）Maximum % deviation in tubes per pass每程管子的最大偏差 (30)（d）Number of tie rods拉杆数 (31)（e）Number of sealing strip pairs密封条对数 (32)（f）Minimum u-bend diameterU型管最小的直径 (32)(g)Pass partition lane width隔板间距 (33)(h)Location of center tube in 1st row第一排管中心位置 (34)（i）Outer tube limit diameter布管限定圆直径（设计过程无用） (34)（4）Layout Limits布置的限定 (35)（a）Open space between shell ID and outermost tube壳体内径与最外侧换热管的间距 (35)（b）Distance from tube center换热管管中心与中心线之间的距离 (36)（5）Clearances空隙尺寸 (36)（a）Shell ID to baffle OD壳体内径与折流板外径的距离 (36)（b）Baffle OD to outer tube limit折流板外径到最外侧换热管之间的距离 (36)（c）Baffle tube hole to tube OD折流板管孔到换热管外径之间的距离.. 366.4 Baffles折流板 (37)（1）Baffle type折流板类型 (38)（2）Baffle cut(% of diameter)折流板切割率 (40)（3）Baffle cut orientation折流板切割方向 (40)6.5 Tube supports（支承板） (41)（1）Number of Intermediate Supports中间支承数（折流板中支承板数） (41)6.6Rod Baffes折流杆 (44)6.7 Rating/Simulation Data (44)6.8 Nozzles（接管） (45)6.9 热虹吸换热 (58)7、Design Data设计数据 (58)7.1 design Constraints设计参数约束 (59)（1）Shell/Bundle（壳程/约束） (59)（a）、Shell diameter壳体直径 (59)（b）、Tube length换热管长 (59)（c）、Tube passes管程数 (60)（d）、Baffle折流板间距 (61)（e）、Use shell ID or OD as reference以内径还是外径为参考（一般为默认） (61)（f）、Use pipe or plate for small shells指定小直径壳程使用无缝钢管还是有封钢板 (62)（g）、Minimum shells in series最少的换热器个数 (62)（h）、Minimum shells in parallel换热器壳程数 (62)（i）、Allowable number of baffles折流板数限制（一般默认） (62)（j）、Allow baffles under nozzles管口下是否允许放置折流板 (63)（k）、Use proportional baffle cut使用比例切割折流板（一般默认） (63)（2）Process过程 (64)（a）、Allowable pressure drop允许的压力降 (64)（b）管内流速 (65)7.2 材料 (87)三、其它手动设计 (96)1、筒体厚度 (96)第三章换热器设计一、例子已知混合气体的流量为227801kg/h，压力为6.9Mpa，循环冷却水的压力为0.4Mpa，循环水入口温度29℃，出口温度39℃，试设计一台列管式换热器，完成该任务。
AB Anchor Bolt 地脚螺栓Earthing boss 接地板Abs Absolute 绝对的Abs Abstract 文摘、摘要A/C Account 帐、帐目AC Alternating Current 交流电Add Addendum 补充、补遗、附录ADL Acceptable Defect Level 允许的缺陷标准Adpt Adapter 连接器、接头AE Absolute Error 绝对误差AET Acoustic Emission Examination 声发射检验AISC American Institute of Steel Construction 美国钢结构学会AISI American Iron and Steel Institute 美国钢铁学会AL Aluminium 铝Alk Alkaline 碱的、强碱的ALM Alarm 报警Alt Alternate 交流、改变Amb Ambient 周围的Amt Amount 数量、金额Anh Anhydrous 无水的ANSI American National Standard Institute 美国国家标准学会API American Petroleum Institute 美国石油学会App Apparatus 设备App Appendix 附录、补遗Appl Applied 应用的Appl Applicable 适当的、合适的Approx Approximate 大约、近似Appx Appendix 附录、附件Arrgt Arrangement 布置AS Alloy steel 合金钢Asb Asbestos 石棉ASL Above Sea Level 海拔高度ASM American Society for Metals 美国金属学会ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers 美国机械工程师学会Assem Assembly 装配ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials 美国材料试验学会Atm Atmosphere 大气atm Atmosphere pressure 大气压Auto Automatic 自动Aux Auxiliary 辅助设备、辅助的Avail Available 有效的、可用的Avg Average 平均AW Arc welding 电弧焊AW Automatic Welding 自动焊A.W.G. American Wire Gauge 美国线规AWS(AWI) American Welding Society(Institute) 美国焊接学会BAB Babbitt Metal 巴氏合金Baf Baffle 折流板、缓冲板BB Ball Bearing 滚珠轴承BC Between Centers 中心距、轴间距BC Bolt circle 螺栓中心圆BD Blow down 放空、放料BEDD Basic engineering design data 基础工程设计数据Bet Between 在…之间Bev Bevel 斜角、坡口BF Back face 背面、反面BF Blind flange 法兰盖（盲法兰）BHN Brinell hardness number 布氏硬度值BL Battery Limit 界区BL Battery Line 界区线B/L Bill of Loading 载荷数据表Bld Blind 盲板Blk Black 黑色Blk Blank 空白BM Bench Mark 基准标志BM Bending Moment 弯矩B/M (BOM) Bill of Material 材料表Bot Bottom 底BP Back Pressure 背压BP Base plate 底板BR Basic Requirements 基本要求BRG Bearing 轴承BRKT Bracket 支架Brs Brass 黄铜BS Both Side 两边BS British Standard 英国标准BS Balance Sheet 平衡表Bskt Basket 筐BTU British Thermal Unit 英国热量单位BV Back View 后视图BV Butterfly Valve 碟阀BW Brine Vater 冷冻盐水BW Butt Welding 对焊BWG Birmingham Wire Gauge 伯明翰线规BWRA. British Welding Research Association 英国焊接研究协会C Centigrade(degree) 摄氏度数CA Chemical Analysis 化学分析CA Corrosion Allowance 腐蚀裕量Calc Calculate 计算Cap Capacity 能力、容量CAS Cast Alloy Steel 铸造合金钢Cat Catalyst 触媒、催化剂Catg Catalog 目录、样本C-C(C/C) Center to center 中心距cc carbon copy 复写（纸复制）本cc cubic centimeter 立方厘米CCW Counter clockwise 反时针方向CD Cold Drawn 冷拉的、冷拔的CE Covered Electrode 焊条Cent Centrifugal 离心的CF Centrifugal Force 离心力CFW Continuous Fillet Weld 连续角焊缝CG Center of Gravity 重心CH Case-Hardening 表面硬化Ch Chapter 章节Cham Chamfer 倒角、斜角、斜面Chan Channel 通道、沟槽、管箱、槽钢Chk Check 检查CI Cast Iron 铸铁CIF Cost，Insurance and Freight 到岸价格Circ Circumference 圆周、环向CL Class 等级、类别CL Center Line 中心线CL Clearance 间隙CLAS Cast Low Alloy Steel 低合金铸钢CM Center of Mass 质量中心Cnds Condensate 冷凝液CO Clean Out 清除Co Company 公司Coef Coefficient 系数Col Column 柱、塔Comb Combination 组合Comp Compare 比较Comp Compound 化合物、复合的Compn Composition 组分Conc Concrete 混凝土Conc Concentration 浓度Cond Conductor 导体Cond Condition 条件Conn Connection 联接、接口Const Constant 常数、恒定的Const Construction 结构Cont Control 控制Cont Contain 包含Cont Content 内容、含量Corp Corporation 公司Corr Corrosion 腐蚀CP Centipoise 厘泊CP Center of Pressure 压力中心Cpl Coupling 管箍Cplg Coupling 联轴节CR Chloroprene Rubber 氯丁橡胶CS Carbon Steel 碳钢CS Center Section 中心截面CSTG Casting 铸造、铸件Ctr Center 中心CW Cooling Water 冷却水CW Continuous Welding 连续焊Cy Cycle 循环Cyl Cylinder 气缸、圆筒WN带颈对焊法兰SO带颈平焊法兰IF整体法兰WN大直径管法兰BL法兰盖LF/SE对焊环松套法兰SW承插焊法兰（HG20616-20623）带颈对焊法兰（WN）密封面形式：突面（RF）凹面（MF）凸面（M）全平面（FF）欍槽面（TG）分配盘/气液分配盘（溢流型和（抽吸）喷射型）顶部入口扩散器（预分配器）催化剂卸出口冷氢箱（包括冷氢管冷氢盘再分配盘）提升管待生斜管/待生滑阀/再生斜管/再生滑阀/辅助燃烧室/旋风分离器/双动滑阀/分布段/溢流斗/溢流管/稀相段/密相段/烧焦罐/沉降器/待生立管/料腿/半再生立管/再生塞阀/烟气集合管/油气集合管出口收集器喷射盘瓷球栅板分配器膨胀催化剂料位/催化剂膨胀前料位回流罩新鲜催化剂低压废催化剂罐反应流出物出口Header 管箱Supporting column支柱Phenum风箱Fan ring风筒Fan deck风机底板Drive assembly驱动组件Forced draught鼓风式/induced draught引风式One-bay单排架Two-bay双排架Sheave皮带轮Item成台设备Plug sheet丝堵板Top plate顶板bottom plate底板end plate端板removable cover plate可卸盖板Stay plate加强板Side fame侧面框架tube spacer定距管Tube support cross-member管子支撑梁Tube keeper管子支撑件Instrument connection仪表接头Stud construction, confined gasket榫槽结构窄垫片Flanged construction, confined gasket凹凸结构窄垫片Full-faced gasket全表面宽垫片Plug header丝堵式管箱Stiffener加强件Front正面Side侧面Box-type plenum 箱型风箱Transition plenum转换风箱Standard fit标准配合Undertolerance负偏差Overtolerance正偏差Special close fit特殊紧配合Tube-hole grooving管孔槽Thread lubrication罗纹润滑Centerline header管箱中心线Centerline nozzle接管中心线Reference line基准线Out-of-plane tolerance不平度公差Holding-down bolts夹紧螺栓The instrument air supply空气供给仪器The louvre characteristic performance curve百叶窗特性曲线Instrumentation仪表Dry-bulb temperature干球温度Max. exposure temp. of elastomeric material弹性材料的最大外露温度For pheumatic positioner气动定位器For pheumatic diaphragm actuators气动隔膜执行机构For rotary unions旋转单元Expanded metal fan guard mesh风机护罩多孔金属网Direct right-angle gear drive齿轮直角直接驱动Belt drive皮带驱动Direct motor drive 电动机直接驱动Fan support 风机支架Suspended belt drive, motor shaft down悬挂皮带驱动，电动机轴朝下Gear box齿轮箱Bearing轴承Coupling联轴器Base plate底板Louvre deflection窗叶挠度Louvre blades in closed position with design load of 2000N/m2设计载荷为2000N/m2的处于关闭状态的窗叶Louvre side frames with uniform design load of 2000N/m2均匀设计载荷为2000的百叶窗边缘框架Length of the span between points of support俩支撑点之间的跨度Platform平台Column支柱Walkway走道Live load动载荷Floor framing平台铺板Columns and brackests支柱及托架Ladders and stairways梯子和脚踏Fan thrust风机推力(internal) refractory linings耐火衬里Wet gas compressor trim coolers湿气压缩机调温冷却器Stripper condenser汽提塔冷凝器Flattening 椭圆度Stripper feed pre-heater汽提塔进料预热器Stripprt 1st reboiler汽提塔第一再沸器Primary absorber bottom pumparound cooler一级吸收塔底循环泵冷却器Low temp. HIC resist KCS低温抗HIC镇静钢Gasoline trim cooler汽油调温冷却器Lean oil trim cooler贫油调温冷却器Fuel gas cooler燃料气冷却器Debutanizer reboiler脱丁烷塔冷凝器Butane product cooler丁烷产品冷却器Propane/propylene rectifier condensers丙烷/丙烯精馏塔冷凝器Mixed C3 cooler混合C3冷却器Residue MPS heater渣油MPS 加热器Feed/ slurry pumparound exchanger进料/油浆循环泵换热器Slurry HP steam generator油浆-高压蒸汽发生器Clarified oil MP steam generator澄清油中压蒸汽发生器Safetyrelated technical manual 产品安全技术说明书Namely, ….即….Specific gravity 比重Fixed tubesheet heat exchanger固定管板式换热器Floating head type heat exchanger浮头式换热器U-tube type heat exchanger U形管式换热器Kettle type heat exchanger釜式换热器Double tube type heat exchanger套管式换热器Slip tubesheet heat exchanger with stuffing box滑动管板填料函换热器Stuffing box heat exchanger填料函式换热器Double sheet heat exchanger双管板换热器Thin tubesheet heat exchanger薄管板换热器Bayonet type heat exchanger插管式换热器Jacket type heat exchanger夹套式换热器Mesh demister 丝网除沫器Skirt shell裙座筒体Cover plate盖板Base plate 底板Straddle equi-spaced跨中均布Bottom head 下封头Weld symbol std.焊缝符号标准Weld forms for NZLS-SHELL C、D类焊缝坡口形式Earthquake deg. 地震烈度“D uplicate”= “复制”“for gas service only”= “仅用于气体工况”0.8mm radius round半径为0.8mm的圆1st sulphur condenser第一硫冷凝器A 0.8mm radius round tool（磨平用）A balancing bellows平衡波纹管A blank head毛坯封头A centre line elevation of 3.5 m at the top exchanger顶层换热器中心线拔高A certificate of conformance性能证书A certified test report合格的试验报告A chord length弦长arc length弧长A circumferential line环向线A coded marking编号标志方法A coefficient of discharge排放系数A computed radial shear计算所得的径向剪切载荷A cone with a knuckle radius有转角半径的锥壳A cone-to-cylinder junction锥壳与圆筒的接逢A definitely determinable yield point有明显屈服点的材料A dimensioned detail sketch of defect location and extent缺陷位臵和范围的尺寸草图A fillet weld with a min. throat dimension角焊缝最小厚度a fine grain practice细化晶粒处理A fixed geographical location固定地理位臵A flare radius扩口半径A forged welding neck flange锻制焊接带颈法兰A given nominal chemical analysis给定的公称化学成分A heated electrode holder已加热电焊条的焊条筒A mockup模拟产品a needle gun for scale清除剥落层的撞针枪A neutral to slightly reducing flame中性至微还原性火焰A non-welded dished head非焊接凸形封头A pad垫板A positive mechanical locking arrangement可靠的机械锁紧装臵A proven quantitative analytical technique有效的定量分析方法A ratio of min. specified yield曲强比A ratio of not less than three to one不小于3：1的比例A recess 1/16 in. deep 开凹型座A reverse curve section反向曲线段A rupture disk holder安全膜夹持器A shallow contaminated area一个浅的污染区A shielding gas is employed采用保护气体transfer mode熔滴过渡形式short-circurting非短路过渡A stayed jacket具有拉撑件的夹套A stiff and lump paste粘稠而多块状物的糊A straight thread直螺纹A substantial lifting device靠可靠的提升装臵A suitable gas leak test适当的气密性试验A telebrinell portable tester便携式布氏测定仪A threaded fastener with a head on one end一端有螺栓头的螺纹紧固件A three to one taper over…在…上形成3：1的泄面A transition section reducer变径过渡段壳体A transition with a slope not exceeding 3:1过渡段其坡度不超过3：1A try cock试验旋塞A uniform force fit with the mating section at the root of the weld 在焊根部位的配合处应均匀贴合A valve data tag阀门数据标签A wet paint surface涂漆的未干的表面A wire penetrameter线型透度计Abnormal pressure caused by deflagration由爆燃引起的异常Above 3 o’clock/ 9 o’clock position高于时钟3点/9点的位臵Abrasive tooling打磨工具Abrupt transition突变过渡Accelerated cooling快速冷却Acceptance by inspector由检验员认为合格Acceptance criteria验收标准Acceptance standard合格标准Access openings通道孔Accessibility of pressure vessels压力容器可达性Accumulation of pressure压力累积Acid etch酸蚀Across, impact test横向冲击试验Acting as partial shell stiffeners做为部分壳体加强圈Actual heat treating temperature实际热处理温度Actual prevailing climatic conditions实际的气候条件Additional reinforcement附加补强Adjacent sliding surface such as guides and disks or disk holders相接触的滑动表面，如导向套、阀瓣、或阀瓣夹持器Adjacent to edges of stay-bolted surface临近用螺栓拉撑的表面周边处Adjoining base material相临母材Adjusting slider调整板Admissible wall thickness最小许可壁厚Aerosol can喷罐Affixed to 安装到…After Finning在和翅片成一体后Agitator device搅拌装臵Air baffle(upper/lower)挡风板Air hardening steels自淬钢Air pocket气袋Air volume风量Alignment tolerance对准公差, 组对公差All hydro-test leakage液压试验发现的所有泄露点Allow. Press. Drop允许压降Allowance for corrosion, erosion, abrasion腐蚀裕量，侵蚀，磨损裕量Alternative design for替代Ambient temperature环境温度Amine lean solution/ rich贫/富胺液Ammonia氨Amount of overlap搭接量An adjustable blow-down construction可调排污结构An aluminum coating on the hot face (gas side)热管板的热面（气体侧）喷一层铝thermally sprayed aluminum热喷铝An angle joint connecting锐角对接焊连接angle joint斜口接头An atmospheric dew point常压露点温度An individual tube hydrostatic test逐根进行液压试验Anchor bolt地角螺栓Anchor plate支撑板Angle beam examination横波检验法Angle of diagonal with longitudinal line对角向线与纵向线的夹角Anti-corrosive coating防酸腐蚀的涂层Anti-galling防卡滞的Any group of aligned indications任何一群或直线分布的显示Any non-hazardous liquid任何非危险性液体Any reduction in thickness任何厚度削薄Any taper at a welded joint焊接接头的任何斜度Apex angle顶角, half-apex angle半锥顶角Apparatus仪器，设备Applied linings, tightness应用忖里, 密封性Approval of new material新材料的批准Appurtenances附属零件Arc or gas welded(W)电焊或气焊Pressure welded (P)压力焊Brazed(B)钎焊（Electric）resistance welded (ERW)电阻焊Arc weld电弧焊Act stud welding电弧螺柱焊Resistance stud welding电阻螺柱焊Atomic hydrogen原子氢焊Stud螺栓焊Electron beam welding电子束焊Flash闪光焊Electroslag电渣焊Explosive爆炸焊Induction感应焊Continuous/intermittent welding连续焊/间断焊Electro-gas welding气电焊Full penetration welding全熔焊Inertia and continuous drive friction welding用储能和连续驱动摩擦焊/惯性…L aser beam激光束焊Capacitor discharge welding电容放电焊Manual welding: flat position, vertical position手工焊：平焊、立焊Oxy-fuel gas氧燃料气焊Thermit铝热焊Spot点焊line线焊seam缝焊Tack/Tack weld定位焊Arc strikes, gouges, and other indication of careless workmanship引弧斑痕，刨痕及其他由于疏忽造成的损失starts引弧stops止弧Arithmetical average deviation计算平均偏差Around openings for welded attachment环绕焊接附件孔口Around openings环绕开孔Arrangement symmetry对称布臵Arrangement symmetry对称布臵equispaced midspan跨中均布Asbestos with suitable binder含有适当粘剂的石棉ASME designated organization ASME指定机构ASME designee ASME代表ASNT=American society for nondestructive testing美国无损检测协会ASTM=American society for testing and material美国试验材料协会At elevated temperature, 在高温情况下/cryogenic 低温下At increments that are within 20% of the range covered （点与点间的）增量应为所覆盖范围的20%At or near the center of the weld在焊逢中间或附近At shop在车间At the edges of the fillet weld在角焊缝焊趾处At the large end在大端At the max. anticipated temperature最大预期温度下At the most critical area最危险的区域At the purchaser’s option基于买方的选择At the smallest cross sectional area在最小横截面Attachment of pressure parts to flat plates to form a corner joint承压件、平板相焊形成角接头Attachment welds连续焊逢Austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steels奥式体铬镍不锈钢Austenitic stainless steel奥式体不锈钢Authentication认证/鉴定Auto-refrigeration自动制冷Average discontinuity hoop stress不连续环向平均应力Avoid overloading the bristles避免刷上沾太多油漆Avoid sharp break避免尖角破裂Axial load per unit circumference单位周长轴向载荷Axial strain轴向应变Back strip剥离Back-chip背面清根Backing device钩圈Backing plate, clad material 覆层材料的垫板Backing strip垫板Baffle cut折流板切口Baffle plate起顶板，挡板Baffle折流板Bare and marred spots裸露点（未上漆的）和损害了的地方Bars and shapes棒材和型材Bars拉杆jacks千斤顶clamps夹具Bar棒Base metal母材Base plate底板Base tube基管Basis for establishing确定的基础Bcup硼铜磷组BAg 硼银组Be applied as a continuous coating in an even manner to achieve a minimum film thickness平坦，最薄的膜Be available in sufficient quantity应有足够用的量Be brought up uniformly to均匀升温Be chamfered or rounded进行倒角或倒圆Be compatible with与…协调、一致Be conducted on water at a tem. Between..and..应采用温度在..和..之间的水来进行Be disconnected隔断Be either staggered or in-line可以相互错开，或并排布臵Be erected at the manufacturer’s works在厂内试安装Be essentially symmetrical with respect to the axis of rotation相对于旋转轴保持基本对称Be examined by sectioning可进行截面检查Be expanded for the full thickness of the tube sheet管只能在管板整个厚度里胀Be explicitly indicated that the unit is subjected to vibrations明确指出换热器会有振动Be formed to the curvature of the shell做成与壳体相对应的曲率Be forwarded to送交Be identified in yellow以黄色标明Be inspected to ascertain complete penetration检查确定是否Be mandatory for 强制性的要求Be multiplied by乘以Be obstructed by被…堵塞Be of streamlined design设计成流线型Be perpendicular to垂直于Be readily rendered inoperative经常失灵Be ready accessible for inspection便于检查Be sampled进行采样Be solution annealed进行固溶退火Be well ground, not cake, thicken or skin（油漆）安放好、不结块、变浓、或结皮Be written in stencil on the yellow bandBead width焊道Beams梁Bearing area承载面积Bearing surface受压面Bend tangent弯处切点Bend test弯曲试验Bending stress弯曲应力Bend弯管Bessemer quality steel贝式体钢Bevel is optional, 45°max.斜度/坡口任意，最大为45°Bevel斜磨/倒角Bind flange法兰盖/盲法兰Black ground, yellow letter黑底黄字Blank flange盲板法兰Blast cleaned surface喷砂清洗过的表面Blow敲击, peening锤击Body-to-bonnet or body-to-yoke bolting阀体和阀盖，阀体和阀轭螺栓Boiler water锅炉水Bolt hole clearance螺孔间隙Bolt lands螺栓载荷Bolt stress螺栓应力Bolt tensioners螺栓紧固件/ 螺栓张紧Bolted flange connection螺栓法兰连接Bolting flange螺栓法兰Bolt螺栓Bonnet封头管箱Booster gas heater增压气加热器Bosses threadsBottom plate of saddle鞍座底板Bottom plate底板Braced and stayed surface拉杆和撑杆表面Braces or stay-bolts of uniform diameter symmetrically spaced等直径并对称布臵的拉撑件或撑条的表面Brace拉杆Bracing拉筋Branch connection支管连接Brazed connections for nozzle接管的钎焊连接Brazed joint钎焊接头Brazed vessel钎焊容器Brazer钎焊工Brazing filler metal ring pre-placed here钎料环预先安放于此Brazing filler metals钎料Breaking pin device安全销装臵Breaking pin housing安全销套Breaking pressure破碎压力Breather valve呼吸阀Brinell hardness布氏硬度Brittle coating脆性涂料Brittle fracture脆性破坏BUB=bubble point沸点Bubble trays 泡罩塔Buckling stress屈曲应力Built-up pad加厚凸缘上Burrs along the hole periphery shall be removal除去管孔周边毛刺Burr毛刺, 毛口Busting test爆破试验But otherwise by…但用其他..方式则不Butt straps对接盖板/对接搭板Butt welded joint对接接头Buttering预堆边焊Buttstraps对接搭板Butt-welding对接焊By capillary attraction借助于毛细管引力Bypass shroud旁路挡板By-pass旁通管Cable clamp索夹Calculated test pressure计算得的试验压力Calculation heat exchanger area计算换热面积Calibrated against a standard deadweight tester经标准的静重式测试仪校正Calibrated at intervals not exceeding six months每隔六个月复检一次Can section罐段head端部exchanger section换热器段nozzle管嘴Capacity certification of pressure relief devices泄压装臵排量证明书Capacity certification test排量的验证试验Carbon content含碳量Carbon in material for welding焊接用材料中的碳Care for handling小心轻放HANDLE WITH CARE: Indicating that contents are fragileCast bronze threaded fittings铸造青铜螺纹连接管配件Cast copper alloy pipe flange铸铜合金公称管法兰Cast ductile vessel可锻铸容器Cast iron circular dished heads铸铁碟形封头Cast iron pipe fittings铸铁管件Cast iron vessel铸铁容器Cast iron plugCast iron standard parts, small铸铁标准部件，小件Cast iron铸铁/生铁Cast material铸造材料Cast, forged, rolled, or die formed standard pressure parts铸，锻，轧，或模具成形的标准受压件Casting quality factor铸造质量系数Casting铸件Catalyst circulation design case催化剂循环设计情况Catch basins滤污器Category B butt joint B类对接接头Category容器类别Caustic service有腐蚀的设备Caustic soda苛性钠Caustic washing tower/ alkaline tower碱洗塔Center of gravity mark重心标识NIL: Indicating position of center of gravity Center of lap搭接中心线Center of weld焊缝中心线Centrifugal castings离心浇注的铸件Ceramic random packing陶瓷散堆填料Certificate of authorization for code symbol stamp规范符号标志的认可证书Certification of nondestructive personnel无损检验人员证明书Certified individual（CI）合格人员Chamfer for pass partition oral part隔板槽倒角Chamfer倒角Channel box管箱Channel cover管箱平盖Channel flange管箱法兰Channel gasket管箱垫片Channel head管箱封头Channel pass partition管箱分层隔板Channel-side gasket管箱侧垫片Charpy impact tests“夏比”冲击试验Charpy V-notch type夏比V形缺口形式Chart草图Checking of Dimension 校核尺寸Cheesecloth粗棉布Chemical analysis for qualification shall be obtained by laboratory methods评定化学分析应当采用化验室分析方法Chemical analysis verification results化学分析验证结果Chemical cleaning connections 化学清洗连接处Chemical composition化学成份Chiller economizer再接触预冷器China state bureau of quality and technical supervision中国质量技术监督局Chip mark on integrally forged vessels整体锻造容器上的缺口标志Chip marks and minor depressions削痕或较小的凹陷Chipping铲chipping hammers; grinding磨abrasive wheels; scraping刮scrapers; gouging刨Chisel凿子chrome-moly steel铬钼钢Chrome铬钢Chromic acid铬酸Circular heads and noncircular heads圆形和非圆形封头Circular plates圆平板Circumferential butt joints with one plate offset单边折边的环向对接接头Circumferential joint 环向连接longitudinal joints纵向接头ring joint圆环形连接Circumferential stress环向应力Circumferential surface圆周表面Circumferential weld环焊缝Clad material覆层材料Clad plate复合板Clad restoration覆层复原Clad sheet复合薄板Clad side覆层侧Clad vessel覆层容器Cladding覆层Clad-stripped surface剥离了覆层的表面Clamp ring夹环Clamp卡箍Clapboard挡板Class of acceptance合格级别Class of welded details焊接细节的类别Classification number牌号Clay treater feed heater白土塔进料加热器Cleaned with a light, non-residue, and chemical solvent使用轻型、无残留化学熔剂Cleaning and developing solution清洗和显影法Cleaning of brazed surfaces钎焊的表面清理Cleaning of welded surface焊件表面清理Clearance between surfaces to be brazed钎焊表面间的间隙Clearance间距Clips夹板/压板/夹持件/夹板/卡子Closing in extensions of the body筒体延伸部分进行收口Closing plug塞堵, cap帽盖Closure bars拉紧杆Closure封闭Clustered indication密集性显示CMGC波齿垫CMR阶梯型填料Coarse ingot structure粗锭结构Coarse ripple粗糙焊波grooves沟槽overlaps焊瘤abrupt ridges陡脊valleys凹坑Cracks裂纹pinholes针孔incomplete fusion未熔合Crater弧坑Coated and cored electrodes and flux带涂层的及药芯的电焊条和焊剂Coated electrodes涂层焊条Coated surface涂漆了的表面Coated with a metallic base waterproof lubricant to prevent galling in use and aqueous corrosion during testing漆上金属防水润滑剂以防止卡滞及在试验过程中出现的水腐蚀Coatings涂层plating电镀Code for construction and acceptance of spherical tanks球形储罐施工和验收规范GB50094 Code number代码Code symbol规范符号Coiler蛇管，盘管Cold bent冷弯Cold differential test pressure冷差试验压力Cold flash drum feed cooler冷闪蒸筒进料冷却器Cold-drawn bars冷拔棒Collapsing pressure垮塌压力Collar boltColor coding色码Column立柱Column塔器Combination of different material不同材料组合Combination units组合容器Combined with pneumatic与气压试验混合Combine-unit组合件Combustible distillates可燃液体Commodity specification 设备规格书Communicating chambers连通室Complete chemical analysis of the overlay完整的堆焊层化学分析Complete fusion and complete joint penetration完全熔合及完全焊透Composite组合件Compresed asbestos gaskets压紧的石棉垫Compressed air service压缩空气锅炉Compression type压环式Compressors压缩机Computation 计算Computed working pressure from hydrostatic test由水压试验计算的工作压力Computer control module计算机控制模数Concave and convex凹面和凸面Concavity凹陷Concentric reducer sections同心变径段Concentric ring wave form disk plate同心环碟片填料Concert with inner surface与内表面吻合Conditioned areas修整区域Cone锥体Conical head锥形封头Conical reducer sections锥形变径段Conical sections圆锥截面Connection size standard连接尺寸标准Conspicuous location显眼的位臵Constant volume process zone定容过程区Construction fixtures建造夹具Construction结构数据Consumable and non-consumable electrode process熔化电极法与不熔化电极法Consumable inserts焊接用可熔化嵌条Contact facing接触面Contact pyrometers接触高温表Contamination污染物recontamination再污染Continuation of shell optional壳体可延伸Continuous full penetration weld连续全焊透焊逢Continuous heat resistance持续耐热Control of stamping打印管理Controlled shot peening控制喷丸Conversion换算Coolant冷却剂Cooling chamber冷却室Cooling rate降温速度Cooling tower fan冷却塔风机Cooling way and time 冷却方式与时间Copper sulfate etching硫酸铜Corner and fillet圆角和倒角Corner joint角接头Corner or tee joints角接或T型接头Corner, fillet角接焊缝，角焊缝Corrected for temperature温度校正Corrections for moisture content of the steam校正蒸汽的含水量Corroded thickness蚀态厚度Corrosion resistant linings防腐蚀忖里Corrosion resistant weld metal overlay cladding抗腐蚀堆焊金属层Corrugated metal, asbestos inserted, or corrugated metal, jacketed asbestos filled内填石棉的波纹状金属或充填夹层石棉的波纹金属Corrugated plate波形板Corrugated shells波纹形壳体Corrugating paper machinery波纹板机械Corrugating paper machinery瓦楞纸机械Cosmetic grinding休整性打磨Counter-current逆流/回流Coupling threadCouplings plugged to prevent damage塞紧以防损坏Coupling管箍/耦合/联结Cover flange外头盖法兰Cover plates/Cover盖板Cracks裂纹seams皱纹laps折叠cold shuts冷隔lamination分层Cradle吊架Crater crack火口裂纹Crimping强压Critical temperature临界温度Cross stray斜撑Curvature of the vessel wall容器壁的弧度，Curvature曲率Cutting oil切削油scale residues剥落的残渣Cutting切割fitting装配and alignment对准CVN impact testing夏比缺口冲击试验Cyclic operation循环工作Cyclical loading循环载荷Cylinder筒体Cylindrical shell 柱状壳体，Cylindrical圆柱形Damp潮湿greasy油污oxidized氧化Dead load静载荷Defective brazing有缺陷的钎焊Defect缺陷Defined limit规定的范围Deflecting baffle导流板Deflection cause linkage挠曲引起泄露Deflector导流装臵Delayed cracking延迟裂纹Demister破沫器Demonstration of density and penetrameter image射线透照的黑度和透度计Dengsity密度Velocity流速pressure drop压降viscosity粘性molecular weight分子量Density密度Deoxaluminite weld-through primer焊接坡口防护涂料Deoxidation脱氧Depentanizer feed-bottoms exchanger脱戊烷塔进料/塔底换热器Deposited weld metal熔焊金属Depth of offset折边深度Derusting去锈Design and construction of large, welded, low pressure storage tanks大型焊接低压贮罐设计和制造API620Design duty设计功率Design for full vacuum@ temper.Design life设计寿命Design margin设计裕度Design or type number of valve阀门设计号或型号Design parameter设计参数Designation名称Detachable chamber独立可分的受压室Detect pressure观察压力Detect surface calibration notches 检测表面标定缺口Detrimental corrosion有害的腐蚀Detrimental discoloration有害变色Deviation背离，（对角线、角度上的）偏差DEW=dew point露点Diagonal white and yellow bands 白黄色斜纹Dial indicating pressure gages表盘指示压力表Diameter exemption直径的豁免Diaphragm type pressure relief valve隔膜式泄压阀Die-stamping for material identification打材料标志硬印Diff. Pressure/ Differential pressure压差Differ in thickness厚度差Diffusible hydrogen limit扩散氢限制Digital reading pressure gages数字压力表Dimensionless factor无量纲系数Dimpled压凹窝的, embossed使凸出Direct firing(DF)直接火容器Discharge of safety valves安全阀泄放Discharge pipe排放管Discharge出料Dished cover球面凸形封头Dished heads碟形Disk-doughnut baffle盘-环行折流板Dismantling拆除installation 安装Displacement measurement test位移测量试验Dissimilar metal welding异种金属焊接Dissimilar weld metal不同金属的焊接Distortion大变形Distribution devices配电装臵Distribution, retention发送，保存Distributor分布器Double curvature双曲率single curvature单曲率Double pipe套管Double weld双道焊Double-jacketed金属包垫片Double-welding双面焊Doubly curved shell两个曲面组成的壳体Dowel 销子Drain opening排尽孔Drainage排放Drilled or bored holes钻孔或镗孔Drips and runs in the path of the weld joint焊道内的防护涂料滴痕或流痕Driving fit打入配合（封头与壳体焊接前）Drop weight test落锤试验Drum圆桶Dry saturated steam干饱和蒸汽Dry weight of total halogen or sulfur or in-organic halogens总卤素或硫或无机卤素干重Ductile cast iron可锻铸铁Due to fatigue or creep由于疲劳或蠕变Dummy tubes O.D.堵管平盖Duplex stainless steel双相不锈钢Duplicate and similar parts相同件和相似件During fabrication/Fitting up制造过程中制造期间Dye penetrant examination of the completed weld 100%的着色渗透探伤Dye stenciling染色镂刻Dye-penetration detection着色探伤Dynamic loading动载荷Each bundle每捆, each lift每个吊运包装, shipping container集装箱Each side of each circumferential welded intersection每一环向接头相交的两侧Earth lug接地板Earth lug接地板anchor bolt地脚螺栓lifting lugs吊耳Eccentricity of shell壳体的偏心度Eddy current test涡流探伤with eddy current methodEdge defects边缘缺陷Edge of plates, metal removal from由加工板边去除金属Effective gasket width有效垫片宽度Effective temp. Difference有效温差Effective thickness of conical section锥形段的等效厚度Efficiency系数Elastic buckling stress弹性失稳应力Elasticity, modulus of弹性模量Elastomer合成橡胶Elbow弯头Electrode core焊芯Electrode rods电焊条electrode wires电焊丝Electrode焊条Elevation above ground拔高/地面高度Ellipsoidal椭圆形, torispherical碟形, hemispherical半球形, conical锥形Ellipsoidal椭圆形hemispherical半球形spherically dished(torispherical)球面凸形（碟形）conical 锥形tori-conical(cone head with knuckle)折边锥形（具有转角区的锥形封头）Elliptical projection technique椭圆发射技术Elongated indication条型显示Embody包含，体现Embrittlement 脆化Employing straight threads使用直螺纹Enameled vessel搪瓷容器Enamel瓷釉Endurance limit疲劳极限Engineering drawings工程设计图纸commodity specification商品规格书Engraving or hard stamping蚀刻或打钢印Enlarged inlet nozzlesEnthalpy-temperature profile: linear热函-温度曲线图：线性的Entirely in spherical portion全部在球体部分Epoxy环氧涂层Equally spaced on two rows均匀分布为两排Equipment setup, calibration, operation, evaluation of examination设备调试、校准、操作、和检测数据评定Equip-spaced mid-span跨中均布Erection weight安装重量Erosion冲蚀Establish a mean analysis确定化学成分平均值Etchant浸蚀剂Etching, of sectioned specimens侵蚀，关于截面试样Evaluation and retests评片与复验Evaporator蒸发器Examination of sectioned specimens剖面试样的检验Examination report（超声波）探伤报告Locate indication area确定指示区域echo height回波高度indication dimensions指示尺寸depth below the surface表面下的深度type of indication指示类型Examined by审核人Excess stock from… material余料Excessive deformation过大的变形Excessive scoring of the plates平板上的深痕Exothermic kits放热包Expanded connection胀接Expansion joint膨胀节Explosion-proof group防爆等级Explosive welding of multiplayer tubes多层管爆炸焊Exposed inside edges内侧裸露出的边缘Exposed left un-welded留下不予焊接的显露部分Extend over…延伸到…Extended heat transfer surfaces延伸的转热面Extended or thickened necks加长或加厚管颈。
热管换热器设计计算及设计说明书第一章热管及热管换热器的概述热管是一种具有极高导热性能的新型传热元件，它通过在全封闭真空管内的液体的蒸发与凝结来传递热量，它利用毛吸作用等流体原理，起到良好的制冷效果。
具有极高的导热性、良好的等温性、冷热两侧的传热面积可任意改变、可远距离传热、温度可控制等特点。
将热管散热器的基板与晶闸管等大功率电力电子器件的管芯紧密接触，可直接将管芯的热量快速导出。
热管传热技术于六十年代初期由美国的科学家发明[1］,它是利用封闭工作腔内工质的相变循环进行热量传输，因而具有传输热量大及传输效率高等特点。
随着热管制造成本的降低，尤其是九十年代前后随着水碳钢热管相容性问题的解决，热管凭借其巨大的传热能力，被广泛应用于石油、化工、食品、造纸、冶金等领域的余热回收系统中.热管气—气换热器是最能体现热管优越性的热管换热器产品，它正在逐步取代传统的管壳式换热器。
热管气-气换热器是目前应用最广泛的一种气—气换热器.我国的能源短缺问题日趋严重，节能已被提到了重要的议事日程。
大量的工业锅炉和各种窑炉、加热炉所排放的高温烟气，用热管气—气换热器进行余热回收，所得到的高温空气可用于助燃或干燥,因此应用前景非常广阔。
据有关报道称，我国三分之二的能源被锅炉吞噬，而我国工业锅炉的实际运行效率只有65%左右，工业发达国家的燃煤工业锅炉运行热效率达85％，因此，提高工业锅炉的热效率，节能潜力十分巨大。
如果我国锅炉的热效率能够提高10％，节约的能耗则相当于三峡水库一年的发电量，做好工业锅炉及窑炉的节能工作对节约能源具有十分重要的意义[2~6].利用热管气—气换热器代替传统的管壳式气—气换热器,一方面,能够大大提高预热空气进入炉内的温度，降低烟气温度,从而大大提高锅炉的热效率；另一方面,热管气—气换热器运行压降非常小，有时甚至不需要增加引风机等设备，从而使得运行费用大大降低. 1。
1 热管及其应用热管是一种具有极高导热性能的传热元件，它通过在全封闭真空管内工质的蒸发与凝结来传递热量，具有极高的导热性、良好的等温性、冷热两侧的传热面积可任意改变、可远距离传热、可控制温度等一系列优点。
一、例子 (3)二、Input输入模块 (4)1、problem definition问题定义模块 (4)55 (6)2.2、Condensation curve冷凝曲线 (6)6 (7)7783.1、Fluid name（流体名称）83.2、Fluid quantity, total（热或冷流体总流速） (8)3.3、Temperature冷热流体进出口温度 (8)3.4、Operating Pressure(absolute) 绝对操作压力 (9)3.5、Heat exchanged交换热量 (9)3.6、allowable pressure drop允许的压力降 (9)3.7、fouling resistance污垢热阻 (10)1111（1）Property Option（特性程序选择——一般默认） (12)（2）Hot Side Composition热物质组成（若未知可不输） (12)（3）Hot Side Properties（热物流特性） (13)（4）cold side composition（冷物流组成——与前热物流组成一样） (13)（5）cold side properties（冷物流特性） (13)6、Exchanger Geometry（结构参数） (13)6.1 exchanger Type（换热器类型） (14)（1）Front head type（换热器前端管箱） (14)（3）Rear head type（后端结构） (17)（4）exchanger position（换热器水平还是垂直安装） (18)（5）cover密封（盖子）面类型（工艺计算没必要提供） (18)（6）Tubesheet type管板形式 (18)（7）Tube to tubesheet joint管子与管板的连接（工艺不关键） (19)6.2 Tubes（换热管） (19)（1）Tube type（管子类型） (19)（2）Tube outside diameter（管子外径） (20)（3）Tube wall thickness（管子壁厚） (21)（4）Tube wall roughness（管子粗糙度） (21)（5）Tube wall Specification（管子壁厚计算指定） (21)（6）Tube pich管心距 (22)（7）Tube material管子材质 (22)（8）Tube pattem换热管的排列 (22)（9）翅片管相关数据 (23)（a）Fin density翅片密度 (23)（b）Fin height翅片高度 (24)（c）Fin thickness翅片厚度 (24)（d）Surface area per unit length每单位管长的表面积 (24)（e）Outside/Inside surface area ratio外表面积比 (24)（f）Twisted Tape Ratio扭带比 (24)（g）Twisted Tape Width纽带宽 (24)（h）Tapered tube ends for knockback condensers (24)6.3 Bundle结构参数限定 (25)（1）shell entrance/exit壳体入口/出口 (25)（2）Provide disengagement space in shell (pool boilers only) 提供气体空间（只对锅炉使用） (26)（3）Percent of shell diameter for disengagement 指定空间相对于壳体直径的百分比 (27)（4）Impingement（壳体入口设置防冲板或导流板） (27)（a）壳程设置防冲板或导流板的条件 (27)（b）Impingement protection type防冲挡板及导流板类型 (27)（d）Impingement plate diameter防冲板直径 (28)（e）Impingement plate length and width防冲挡板的长度和宽度 (29)（f）Impingement plate thickness防冲挡板的厚度 (29)（g）Impingement distance from shell ID壳体侧到防冲挡板的距离 (29)（h）Impingement clearance to tube edge防冲挡板到第一排换热管的距离 (29)（i）Impingement plate perforation area %导流板穿孔面积百分数 (29)（3）Layout Options布置 (29)（a）Pass layout布置 (29)（b）Design symmetrical tube layout对称布管选项 (30)（c）Maximum % deviation in tubes per pass每程管子的最大偏差 (30)（d）Number of tie rods拉杆数 (31)（e）Number of sealing strip pairs密封条对数 (32)（f）Minimum u-bend diameterU型管最小的直径 (32)(g)Pass partition lane width隔板间距 (33)(h)Location of center tube in 1st row第一排管中心位置 (34)（i）Outer tube limit diameter布管限定圆直径（设计过程无用） .. 34 （4）Layout Limits布置的限定 (35)（a）Open space between shell ID and outermost tube壳体径与最外侧换热管的间距 (35)（b）Distance from tube center换热管管中心与中心线之间的距离 (36)（5）Clearances空隙尺寸 (36)（a）Shell ID to baffle OD壳体径与折流板外径的距离 (36)（b）Baffle OD to outer tube limit折流板外径到最外侧换热管之间的距离 (36)（c）Baffle tube hole to tube OD折流板管孔到换热管外径之间的距离 (36)6.4 Baffles折流板 (37)（1）Baffle type折流板类型 (38)（2）Baffle cut(% of diameter)折流板切割率 (40)（3）Baffle cut orientation折流板切割方向 (40)6.5 Tube supports（支承板） (41)（1）Number of Intermediate Supports中间支承数（折流板中支承板数） (41)6.6Rod Baffes折流杆 (44)6.7 Rating/Simulation Data (44)6.8 Nozzles（接管） (45)6.9 热虹吸换热 (58)5859（1）Shell/Bundle（壳程/约束） (59)（a）、Shell diameter壳体直径 (59)（b）、Tube length换热管长 (59)（c）、Tube passes管程数 (60)（d）、Baffle折流板间距 (61)（e）、Use shell ID or OD as reference以径还是外径为参考（一般为默（g）、Minimum shells in series最少的换热器个数 ............................（h）、Minimum shells in parallel换热器壳程数 (62)（i）、Allowable number of baffles折流板数限制（一般默认） (62)（j）、Allow baffles under nozzles管口下是否允许放置折流板 (63)（k）、Use proportional baffle cut使用比例切割折流板（一般默认） (63)（2）Process过程 (64)（a）、Allowable pressure drop允许的压力降 (64)（b）管流速 (65)7.2 材料 (87)三、其它手动设计 (96)1、筒体厚度 (96)第三章换热器设计一、例子已知混合气体的流量为227801kg/h，压力为6.9Mpa，循环冷却水的压力为0.4Mpa，循环水入口温度29℃，出口温度39℃，试设计一台列管式换热器，完成该任务。
HTRI 简介简介HTRI Introduction 华南理工大学化工学院陆恩锡0、换热器英文准备知识换热器基本英文词汇side sideShell side, tube side, tubesheet;壳侧，管侧，管板Bundle, segmental baffle, baffle cut;管束，弓形折流板，折流板缺口Front end head, rear end head;前封头，后封头Dummy tube, tube pitch;假管，管心距换热器基本英文词汇Air cooled heat exchanger空气冷却器Fans、bay风机、跨One bay unit单跨空冷器组Induced draft, forced draft;引风式，鼓风式Longitudinal pitch纵向间距换热器基本英文词汇Transverse pitch横向间横向间距economizer节能换热器、特殊空冷器staggered、inline错排、直排sealing strips旁路挡板Nozzles接管换热器基本英文词汇 flooded evaporator浸没式蒸发器Dry evaporator过热式蒸发器In series串联In parallel并联1、htri计算的换热器类型HTRI换热器类型---1⇩空冷器及特殊空冷器air‐cooled heat exchangers/economizer bundles⇩特殊空冷器系指一侧为空气冷却，空气可为自然对流，无风扇。
也可为矩形结构的管壳式换热器。
HTRI换热器类型---1⇩空冷器及特殊空冷器HTRI换热器类型---2⇩管壳式换热器shell-and-tube heatexchangers⇩该类换热器是工业上使用最多的类型。
约占各种换热器的90%以上，也是换热器计算的重点。
HTRI换热器类型---3⇩多内管式套管换热器hairpin heat exchangers该类换热器只允许两段直管，形状如同发夹，故英文称发夹式换热器。
管件中英文对照表Filter 过滤器No period of seamless hot-pressing elbow straight 无直段无缝热压弯头Butt plug 对焊堵头concentric reducer 大小头Welding plug 焊接堵头钢管模压大小头Steel pipe mold size head锻制等径三通Forged equal tee钢管模压异径管Steel pipe moulding reducer无缝热压弯头Seamless hot-pressing elbow锻制异径三通Forging reducing teewater flow indicator 水流指示器不锈钢大小头Stainless steel reducer热压等径三通Hot-pressing equal tee不锈钢无直管段无缝热压弯头Stainless steel seamless hot-pressing elbow straight pipe不锈钢热压等径三通Stainless steel hot-pressing equal tee不锈钢热压异径三通Stainless steel hot-pressing reducing tee不锈钢无缝热压弯头Stainless steel seamless hot-pressing elbow不锈钢偏心异径管Stainless steel eccentric reduce不锈钢同心异径管Stainless steel concentric reducer不锈钢钢板焊制异径管Stainless steel plate welded reducer方圆形排水漏斗Fangyuan drainage funnel钢板焊制异径管The steel plate welded reducer接管座Take over seatwater flo w indicator 水流指示器Circular cone 圆形漏斗Funnel (with cover) 漏斗（带盖）Fangyuan drainage funnel Thermal pressure reducing tee 热压异径三通。
一、例子 (4)二、Input输入模块 (4)1、problem definition问题定义模块 (4)1.1、description基本描写 (5)2、 application options（程序运行环境选择） (5)2.1、Hot side application（热流运行环境） (6)2.2、Condensation curve冷凝曲线 (6)2.3、Condenser type冷凝器类型 (6)2.4、Cod side application（冷流运行环境） (7)2.5、Location of hot fluid流程安排（热流位置） (7)2.6、Program mode（程序模式选择：设计、优化、模拟） (8)3、process data物流参数输入 (8)3.1、Fluid name（流体名称） (8)3.2、Fluid quantity, total（热或冷流体总流速） (8)3.3、Temperature冷热流体进出口温度 (9)3.4、Operating Pressure(absolute) 绝对操作压力 (9)3.5、Heat exchanged交换热量 (9)3.6、allowable pressure drop允许的压力降 (9)3.7、fouling resistance污垢热阻 (10)4、热平衡计算环境 (11)5、 Physical Property Data物理特性数据 (12)（1）Property Option（特性程序选择——一般默认） (12)（2） Hot Side Composition热物质组成（若未知可不输） (13)（3）Hot Side Properties（热物流特性） (13)（4）cold side composition（冷物流组成——与前热物流组成一样） (13)（5） cold side properties（冷物流特性） (13)6、 Exchanger Geometry（结构参数） (14)6.1 exchanger Type（换热器类型） (14)（1）Front head type（换热器前端管箱） (14)（3）Rear head type（后端结构） (17)（4）exchanger position（换热器水平还是垂直安装） (19)（5）cover密封（盖子）面类型（工艺计算没必要提供） (19)（6）Tubesheet type管板形式 (19)（7）Tube to tubesheet joint管子与管板的连接（工艺不关键） (20)6.2 Tubes（换热管） (20)（1）Tube type（管子类型） (20)（2）Tube outside diameter（管子外径） (22)（3）Tube wall thickness（管子壁厚） (22)（4）Tube wall roughness（管子粗糙度） (22)（5）Tube wall Specification（管子壁厚计算指定） (22)（6）Tube pich管心距 (23)（7）Tube material管子材质 (23)（8）Tube pattem换热管的排列 (23)（9）翅片管相关数据 (24)（a）Fin density翅片密度 (24)（b）Fin height翅片高度 (25)（c）Fin thickness翅片厚度 (25)（d）Surface area per unit length每单位管长的表面积 (25)（e）Outside/Inside surface area ratio外内表面积比 (25)（f）Twisted Tape Ratio扭带比 (25)（g）Twisted Tape Width纽带宽 (25)（h）Tapered tube ends for knockback condensers (25)6.3 Bundle结构参数限定 (26)（1）shell entrance/exit壳体入口/出口 (26)（2）Provide disengagement space in shell (pool boilers only) 提供气体空间（只对锅炉使用） (27)（3）Percent of shell diameter for disengagement 指定空间相对于壳体直径的百分比 (28)（4）Impingement（壳体入口设置防冲板或导流板） (28)（a）壳程设置防冲板或导流板的条件 (28)（b）Impingement protection type防冲挡板及导流板类型 (28)（d）Impingement plate diameter防冲板直径 (30)（e）Impingement plate length and width防冲挡板的长度和宽度30（f）Impingement plate thickness防冲挡板的厚度 (30)（g）Impingement distance from shell ID壳体内侧到防冲挡板的距离 (30)（h）Impingement clearance to tube edge防冲挡板到第一排换热管的距离 (30)（i）Impingement plate perforation area %导流板穿孔面积百分数30 （3） Layout Options布置 (31)（a）Pass layout布置 (31)（b）Design symmetrical tube layout对称布管选项 (31)（c）Maximum % deviation in tubes per pass每程管子的最大偏差32（d）Number of tie rods拉杆数 (32)（e）Number of sealing strip pairs密封条对数 (33)（f）Minimum u-bend diameterU型管最小的直径 (34)(g)Pass partition lane width隔板间距 (35)(h)Location of center tube in 1st row第一排管中心位置 (36)（i）Outer tube limit diameter布管限定圆直径（设计过程无用）36 （4）Layout Limits布置的限定 (38)（a）Open space between shell ID and outermost tube壳体内径与最外侧换热管的间距 (38)（b）Distance from tube center换热管管中心与中心线之间的距离38 （5） Clearances空隙尺寸 (39)（a）Shell ID to baffle OD壳体内径与折流板外径的距离 (39)（b）Baffle OD to outer tube limit折流板外径到最外侧换热管之间的距离 (39)（c）Baffle tube hole to tube OD折流板管孔到换热管外径之间的距离 (39)6.4 Baffles折流板 (39)（1）Baffle type折流板类型 (40)（2）Baffle cut(% of diameter)折流板切割率 (42)（3）Baffle cut orientation折流板切割方向 (42)6.5 Tube supports（支承板） (43)（1）Number of Intermediate Supports中间支承数（折流板中支承板数） (43)6.6Rod Baffes折流杆 (46)6.7 Rating/Simulation Data (47)6.8 Nozzles（接管） (47)6.9 热虹吸换热 (61)7、Design Data设计数据 (61)7.1 design Constraints设计参数约束 (62)（1）Shell/Bundle（壳程/约束） (62)（a）、Shell diameter壳体直径 (62)（b）、Tube length换热管长 (62)（c）、Tube passes管程数 (63)（d）、Baffle折流板间距 (64)（e）、Use shell ID or OD as reference以内径还是外径为参考（一般为默认） (64)（f）、Use pipe or plate for small shells指定小直径壳程使用无缝钢管还是有封钢板 (65)（g）、Minimum shells in series最少的换热器个数 (65)（h）、Minimum shells in parallel换热器壳程数 (65)（i）、Allowable number of baffles折流板数限制（一般默认） . 65（j）、Allow baffles under nozzles管口下是否允许放置折流板 . 66（k）、Use proportional baffle cut使用比例切割折流板（一般默认） (66)（2）Process过程 (67)（a）、Allowable pressure drop允许的压力降 (67)（b）管内流速 (68)7.2 材料 (91)三、其它手动设计 (100)1、筒体厚度 (100)第三章换热器设计一、例子已知混合气体的流量为227801kg/h，压力为6.9Mpa，循环冷却水的压力为0.4Mpa，循环水入口温度29℃，出口温度39℃，试设计一台列管式换热器，完成该任务。
Heat exchanger is the equipment that transfer the heat from the heat fluid to the cold fluid. It is widely used in the chemical field, power field, food and other industrial field, so it plays an important role in the industry. In the chemical field, heat exchanger can be taken as the heater, cooler, condenser, evaporator and reboiler and so on. According to the working principle, it can be divided into three types: recuperative heat exchanger, mixing heat exchanger and regenerative heat exchanger. Among these three typies heat exchangers, recuperative heat exchanger is most widely used.换热器，是将热流体的部分热量传递给冷流体的设备，又称热交换器。
换热器是化工、石油、动力、食品及其它许多工业部门的通用设备，在生产中占有重要地位。
在化工生产中换热器可作为加热器、冷却器、冷凝器、蒸发器和再沸器等，应用更加广泛。
换热器种类很多，但根据冷、热流体热量交换的原理和方式基本上可分三大类即：间壁式、混合式和蓄热式。
在三类换热器中，间壁式换热器应用最多。
弓形折流板换热器螺旋折流板换热器板翅式换热器板式换热器混合式换热器（冷却塔）。
1 管道组成件Piping component1.1 管子Pipe管子(按照配管标准规格制造的) pipe管子(不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管) tube钢管steel pipe铸铁管cast iron pipe衬里管lined pipe复合管clad pipe碳钢管carbon steel pipe合金钢管alloy steel pipe不锈钢stainless steel pipe奥氏体不锈钢管austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管wrought-steel pipe锻铁管wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管seamless (SMLS) steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance welded steel pipe电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管electric-fusion (arc)-welded steel-plate pipe螺旋焊接钢管spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe热轧无缝钢管hot-rolling seamless pipe冷拔无缝钢管cold-drawing seamless pipe水煤气钢管water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡胶管rubber tube直管run pipe; straight pipe1.2 管件Fitting弯头elbow异径弯头reducing elbow带支座弯头base elbowk半径弯头long radius elbow短半径弯头short radius elbow长半径180°弯头long radius return短半径180°弯头short radius return带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向）side outlet elbow (right hand or left hand)双支管弯头（形）double branch elbow三通tee异径三通reducing tee等径三通straight tee带侧向口的三通（右向或左向）side outlet tee (righthand or 1eft hand)异径三通（分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on outlet)异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run)带支座三通base tee异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing tee (reducing on one run and outlet)异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式）reducing tee (reducing on both runs, bull head)45°斜三通45° lateral45°斜三通（支管为异径）45°lateral (reducing on branch)45°斜三通(一个直通口为异径) 45° lateral (reducing on one run)45°斜三通(一个直通口及支管为异径) 45°lateral (reducing on one run and branch)Y型三通（俗称裤衩）true “Y”四通cross等径四通straight cross异径四通reducing cross异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducingon one outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and outlet)异径四通（两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on both outlet)异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径）reducing cross (reducing on one run and both outlet)异径管reducer同心异径管concentric reducer偏心异径管eccentric reducer锻制异径管reducing swage螺纹支管台threadolet焊接支管台weldolet承插支管台sockolet弯头支管台elbolet斜接支管台latrolet镶入式支管嘴sweepolet短管支管台nipolet支管台，插入式支管台boss管接头coupling, full coupling半管接头half coupling异径管接头reducing coupling活接头union内外螺纹缩接（俗称补芯）bushing管帽cap (C)堵头plug短节nipple异径短节reducing nipple; swage nipple1.3 弯管Bend预制弯管fabricated pipe bend跨越弯管（^ 形）cross-over bend偏置弯管（~ 形）offset bend90°弯管quarter bend环形弯管cirele bend单侧偏置90°弯管（? 形）single offset quarter bend S形弯管“S” bend单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管（| ?形）single offset “U” bend U形弯管“U” bend双偏置U膨胀弯管double offset expansion “U” bend 斜接弯管mitre bend三节斜接弯管3-piece mitre bend折皱弯管corrugated bend圆度roundness1.4 法兰Flange (FLG）整体管法兰integral pipe flange钢管法兰steel pipe flange螺纹法兰threaded flange滑套法兰（包括平焊法兰）slip-on flange (SO); slip-on welding flange承插焊法兰socket welding flange松套法兰lap joint flange (LJF)对焊法兰welding neckflange (WNF)法兰盖blind flange, blind孔板法兰orifice flange异径法兰reducing flange盘座式法兰pad type flange松套带颈法兰loose hubbed flange焊接板式法兰welding plate flange对焊环welding neck collar （与stub end相似）平焊环welding-on collar突缘短节stub end, lap翻边端lapped pipe end松套板式法兰loose plate flange压力级pressure rating, pressure rating class压力—温度等级pressure-temperature rating法兰密封面，法兰面flange facing突面raised face (RF)凸面male face (MF)凹面female face (FMF)榫面tongue face槽面groove face环连接面ring joint face全平面；满平面flat face; full face (FF)光滑突面smooth raised face (SRF)法兰面加工facing finish粗糙度roughness光滑的smooth齿形serrated均方根root mean square (RMS)算术平均粗糙高度arithmetical average roughness height (AARH)配对法兰companion-flange螺栓圆bolt circle (B.C.)1.5 垫片Gasket (GSKT)垫片的型式type of gasket平垫片flat gasket环形平垫片flat ring gasket平金属垫片flat metal gasket夹棉织物的橡胶elastomer with cotton fabric insertion 夹石棉织物的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶elastomer with asbestos fabric insertion and with wire reinforcement无石墨压缩白石棉垫片non graphited compressed white asbestos gasket天然白橡胶垫片natural white rubber gasket压缩石棉垫片compressed asbestos class gasket浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片PTFE impregnated asbestos gasket夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片spiral-wound metal gasket with asbestos filler内环inner ring外环，外定位环outer ring波纹金属垫片corrugated metal gasket波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片corrugated metal gasket with asbestos inserted双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片corrugated metal double jacketed asbestos filled gasket双夹套垫片double jacketed gasket金属包石棉平垫片flat metal jacketed asbestos filledgasket整体金属齿形垫片solid metal serrated gasket槽形金属垫片grooved metal gasket环形连接金属垫片ring joint metal gasket八角环形垫片octagonal ring gasket椭圆环形垫片oval ring gasket透镜式垫片lens gasket非金属垫片non-metallic gasket1.6 阀门Valve1.6.1 阀门结构、零件阀轭yoke外螺纹阀杆及阀轭outside screw and yoke (OS & Y) 阀杆stem内螺纹inside screw (IS)阀轭套yoke sleeve阀杆环stem ring阀座valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈seat ring整体（阀）座integral seat堆焊（阀）座deposited seat阀芯（包括密封圈、杆等内件）trim阀盘disc阀盘密封圈disc seat阀体body阀盖bonnet阀盖衬套bonnet bush螺纹阀帽screw cap螺纹阀盖screw bonnet螺栓连接的阀盖bolted bonnet (BB)活接阀盖（帽）union bonnet (cap)螺栓连接的阀帽bolted cap (BC)焊接阀盖welded bonnet (WB)本体阀杆密封body stem seal石棉安全密封asbestos emenen seal 倒密封back seal压力密封的阀盖pressure-tight bonnet 动力操纵器powered operator电动操纵器electric motor operator气动操纵器pneumatic operator液压操纵器hydraulic operator快速操纵器quick-acting operator滑动阀杆sliding stem正齿轮传动spur gear operated伞齿轮传动bevel gear operated扳手操作wrench operated链轮chain wheel手轮hand wheel手柄hand lever (handle)气缸（或液压缸）操纵的cylinder operated链条操纵的chain operated等径孔道full bore; full port异径孔道reducing bore, reduced port,venturi port 短型short pattern紧凑型（小型）compact type笼式环lantern ring压盖gland阀杆填料stem packing阀盖垫片bonnet gasket升杆式（明杆）rising stem (RS)非升杆式（暗杆）non-rising stem (NRS)指示器/限位器indicator/stopper注油器grease injector可更换的阀座环renewable seat ring1.6.2 常用阀(1）闸阀gate valve平行双闸板double disc parallel seat开口楔形闸板split wedge挠性整体楔形闸扳flexible solid wedge整体楔形闸板solid wedge塞型闸阀plug gate valve直通型闸阀through conduit gate valve(2) 截止阀globe valve球心型阀盘globe type disc塞型阀盘plug type disc可转动的阀盘swivel disc(3) 节流闪阀throttle valve针阀needle valve(4) 角阀angle valve(5) Y型阀（Y 型阀体截止阀）Y-valve (Y-body globe valve)(6) 球阀ball valve三通球阀3-way ball valve装有底轴的trunnion mounted耐火型fire safe type浮动球型floating ball type防脱出阀杆blowout proof stem(7) 蝶阀butterfly valve对夹式（薄片型）wafer type凸耳式lug type偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc burerfly valve; eccentric butterfly valve斜阀盘蝶阀canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀link butterfly valve8) 柱塞阀piston type valve(9) 旋塞阀plug valve三通旋塞阀three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleeve cock(10) 隔膜阀diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀straight way diaphragm valve堰式隔膜阀weir diaphragm valve(11) 夹紧式胶管阀pinch valve（用于泥浆、粉尘等）(12) 止回阀check valve升降式止回阀lift check valve旋启式止回阀swing check valve, flap check valve落球式止回阀ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀spring ball check valve双板对夹式止回阀dual plate wafer type check valve无撞击声止回阀non-slam cheek valve底阀foot valve切断式止回阀stop check valve; non-return valve活塞式止回阀piston check valve斜翻盘止回阀tilting disc check valve蝶式止回阀butterfly check valve1.6.3 其它用途的阀安全泄气阀safety valve (SV)安全泄液阀relief valve (RV)安全泄压阀safety relief valve杠杆重锤式lever and weight type引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀pilot operated safety valve 复式安全泄气阀twin type safety valve罐底排污阀flush-bottom tank valve电磁阀solenoid valve, solenoid operated valve电动阀electrically operated valve, electric-motor operated valve气动阀pneumatic operated valve低温用阀cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀steam trap机械式疏水阎mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀open bucket trap, open top bucket trap浮球式疏水阀float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀loose float trap恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀metal expansion steam trap液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀liquid expansion steam trap双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀bimetallic expansion steam trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balanced pressure thermostatic trap热动力式疏水阀thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulse steam trap放气阀（自动放气阀）air vent valve (automatic air vent valve) （疏水阀用）平板式滑动闸阀slab type sliding gate valve盖阀flat valve换向阀diverting valve, reversing valve热膨胀阀thermo expansion valve自动关闭阀self-closing gate valve自动排液阀self-draining valve管道盲板阀line-blind valve挤压阀squeeze valve（用于泥浆及粉尘等）呼吸阀breather valve风门、挡板damper减压阀pressure reducing valve, reducing valve 控制阀control valve膜式控制阀diaphragm operated control valve 执行机构actuator背压调节阀back pressure regulating valve差压调节阀differential pressure regulating valve 压力比例调节阀pressure ratio regulating valve 1.6.4 未指明结构（或阀型）的阀切断阀block valve; shut-off valve; stop valve调节阀regulating valve快开阀quick opening valve快闭阀quick closing valve隔断阀isolating valve三通阀three way valve夹套阔jacketed valve非旋转式阀non-rotary valve排污阀blowdown valve集液排放阀drip valve排液阀drain valve放空阀vent valve卸载阀unloading valve排出阀discharge valve吸入阀suction valve多通路阀multiport valve取样阀sampling valve手动阀hand-operated valve; manually operated valve 锻造阀forged valve铸造阀cast valve（水）龙头bibb; bib; faucet抽出液阀（小阀）bleed valve旁路阀by-pass valve软管阀hose valve混合阀mixing valve破真空阀vacuum breaker冲洗阀flush valve第一道阀；根部阀primary valve根部阀root valve总管阀header valve事故切断阀emergency valve1.7 管道特殊件Piping Specialty1.7.1 管道特殊件（组件）粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时粗滤器（锥型）temporary strainer (cone type)y 型粗滤器y-type strainerT型粗滤器T-type strainer永久过滤器permanent filter丝网粗滤器gauze strainer洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower视镜sight glass阻火器flame arrester喷嘴；喷头spray nozzle取样冷却器sample cooler消声器silencer膨胀节expansion joint波纹膨胀节bellow expansion joint单波single bellow双波double bellow多波multiple bellow压力平衡式膨胀节pressure balanced expansion带铰链膨胀节hinged expansion joint轴向位移型膨胀节axial movement type expansion joint自均衡膨胀节（外加强环）self-equalizing expansionjoint带接杆膨胀节tied expansion joint万向型膨胀节universal type expansion joint球形补偿器ball type expansion joint填函式补偿器slip type (packed type) expansion joint 单向滑动填料函补偿器single actionpacked slip joint 1.7.2 管道特殊元件Piping Special Element软管接头hose connection (HC)快速接头quick coupling金属软管metal hose橡胶管rubber hose挠性管flexible tube鞍形补强板reinforcing saddles补强板reinforcement pad特殊法兰special flange漏斗funnel排液环drip ring排液漏斗drain funnel插板blank垫环spacer8字盲板spectacle blind; figure 8 blind限流孔板restriction orifice爆破片rupture disk法兰盖贴面protective disc费托立克接头victaulic coupling1.8 端部连接End Connection法兰端flanged end坡口端beveled end (BE)对焊端butt welded end平端plain end (PE)承插焊端socket welding end螺纹端threaded end (TE)承口bell end焊接端welding end法兰连接（接头）flanged joint对焊连接（接头）butt welded joint螺纹连接，管螺纹连接threaded joint, pipe threaded joint锥管螺纹密封焊连接seal-welded taper pipe threaded joint承插焊连接（接头）socket welded joint承插连接（接头）bell and spigot joint环垫接头ring joint (RJ)万向接头universal joint软钎焊连接（接头）soldered joint搭接接头，松套连接lapped joint外侧厚度切斜角bevel for outside thickncss内侧厚度切斜角bevel for inside thickness内外侧厚度切斜角bevel for combined thickness法兰式的flanged (FLGD)对焊的butt welded (BW)螺纹的threaded (THD)承插焊的socket welded (SW)小端为平的small end plain (SEP)大端为平的large end plain (LEP)两端平both ends plain (BEP)小端带螺纹small end thread (SET)大端带螺纹large end thread (LET)两端带螺纹both end thread (BET)一端带螺纹one end thread (OET)支管连接branch connection焊接支管branch pipe welded directly to the run pipe 2 管道用紧固件及螺纹2.1 紧固件螺栓bolt六角头螺栓hexagonal head bolt方头螺栓square head bolt螺柱，双头螺栓stud bolt环头螺检eye bolt沉头螺栓countersunk (head) screw 地脚螺栓anchor bolt; foundation bolt 松紧螺旋扣（花篮螺丝）turnbuckle U形螺栓U-boltT形螺栓T-bolt圆头螺钉round head bolt机螺栓，机螺钉maehine bolt顶开螺栓，顶起螺栓Jack screw自攻螺钉self tapping screw膨胀螺栓expansion bolt粗制的coarse精制的finished, fine螺母nut六角螺母hexagonal nut方螺母square nut蝶形螺母wing nut扁螺母flat nut锁紧螺母lock nut垫圈washer平垫圈plain washer球面垫圈spherical washer 弹簧垫圈spring washer方垫圈square washer斜垫圈slant washer销轴pinned shan销pin开口销cotter pin定位销dowel pin带孔销pin with hole圆锥销taper pin铆钉rivet键key2.2 螺纹左螺纹left hand thread右螺纹right hand thread管螺纹pipe thread锥管螺纹taper pipe thread 直管螺纹straight pipe thread 梯形螺纹trapezoid thread 螺距pitch of thread粗牙螺纹coarse thread细牙螺纹fine thread特细牙螺纹extra fine thread通长螺纹full thread惠氏螺纹whitworth thread公制螺纹metric ibread美国标准锥管螺纹American standard taper pipe thread (NPT)螺孔tap3 材料、型钢及填料3.1 金属材料3.1.1 黑色金属Ferrous Metal碳素钢carbon steel (CS)低碳钢low-carbon steel中碳钢medium-carbon steel高碳钢high-carbon steel普通碳素钢general carbon steel优质碳素钢high-quality carbon steel普通低合金结构钢general structure low-alloy steel合金结构钢structural alloy steel合金钢alloy steel低合金钢low alloy steel中合金钢medium alloy steel高合金钢high alloy steel耐热钢heat resisting steel高强度钢high strength steel复合钢clad steel工具钢tool steel弹簧钢spring steel钼钢molybdenum steel镍钢nickel steel铬钢chromium steel铬钼钢chrome-molybdenum steel铬镍钢chromium-nickel steel,chrome-nickel steel 不锈钢stainless steel (S.S.)奥氏体不锈钢Austenitic stainless steel马氏体不锈钢Martensitic stainless steel司特来合金（钨铬钴台金）Stellite耐蚀耐热镍基合金Hastelloy铬镍铁合金inconel耐热铬镍铁合金incoloy20合金20 alloy平炉钢（马丁钢）Martin steel镇静钢killed steel半镇静钢semi-killed steel沸腾钢rimmed steel; rimming steel; open-steel 锻钢forged steel铸钢cast steel铸铁cast iron (C.I.)灰铸铁grey cast iron可锻铸铁malleable iron (MI)球墨铸铁nodular cast iron; nodular graphite iron 生铁pig iron熟铁，锻铁wrought iron铸件casting高硅铸铁high silicon cast iron3.1.2 镀层及制造方法渗铬钢，镀铬钢chromized steel镀铬的chromium-plated, chrome-plated镀层plating锻造，型钢swage锻造的，锻造forging轧制rolling热轧hot rolling冷轧cold rolling挤压extruding冷加工cold working热加工hot working拔制drawing3.1.3 有色金属Non-ferrous Metal 铝aluminum铜，紫铜copper黄铜brass青铜bronze铝青铜aluminum bronze磷青铜phosphor bronze铝镁合金aluminum magnesium锰青铜manganese bronze蒙乃尔（注：镍及铜合金）Monel 镍铜台金nickel copper alloy非铁合金nonferrous alloy钛titanium铅lead硬铅hard lead3.1.4 材料性能极限强度ultimate strength抗拉强度tensile strength屈服极限yield limit屈服点yield point延伸率percentage elongation抗压强度compressive strength抗弯强度bending strength弹性极限elastic limit冲击值impact value疲劳极限fatigue limit蠕变极限creep limit持久极限endurance limit布氏硬度Brinell hardness洛氏硬度Rockwell hardness维氏硬度Vickers diamond hardness, diamond penetrator hardness蠕变断裂强度creep rupture strength断面收缩率reduction of area韧性toughess脆性brittleness延性ductility冷脆cold shortness冷流cold flow3.2 非金属材料Non-metallic Material塑料plastic丙烯腈—丁二烯—苯乙烯acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)聚乙烯polyethylene (PE)聚氯乙烯polyvinyl chloride (PVC)苯乙烯橡胶styrene-rubber (SR)聚丁烯polybutylene (PB)聚丙烯polypropylene (PP)聚苯乙烯polystyrene (PS)氯化聚醚chlorinated polyether (CPE)聚酰胺polyamide (PA)聚碳酸酯polycarbonate (PC)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 醋酸丁酸纤维素cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB)氯化聚氯乙烯chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) 聚偏二氟乙烯polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)缩醛塑料acetal plastic尼龙塑料nylon plastic聚烯烃polyolefin (PO)石墨酚醛塑料graphite phenolic plastics聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)纤维增强热塑性塑料fiber reinforced thermoplastics 热塑性塑料thermoplastic热固性塑料thermosetting plastics胶粘剂adhesive溶剂胶接剂solvent cement树脂resin环氧树脂epoxy, epoxy resin聚酯树脂polyester resin聚酯纤维polyester fibers氟塑料fluoroplastics聚氨基甲酸酯polyurethane丙烯酸树脂acrylic resin脲醛树脂urea resin呋哺树脂furan resin乙烯丙烯二烃单体ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)合成橡胶synthetic rubber橡胶rubber丁腈橡胶nitrile butadiene rubber氯丁橡胶neoprene天然橡胶natural rubber乙丙橡胶ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)玻璃glass硼硅玻璃borosilicate glass耐火砖fire brick陶瓷ceramic搪瓷porcelain enamel木材wood3.3 型材型钢shaped steel, section steel, swage 角钢angle steel槽钢channel工字钢I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢wide flanged beam T型钢T-bar方钢square bar扁钢flat bar角钢hexagonal steel bar圆钢round steel; rod钢带strap steel钢板plate网纹钢板checkered plate腹板（指型钢的立板）web翼缘（指型钢的缘）wing3.4 填料及填料函填料packing石棉绳asbestos rope, asbestos cord．O形环O-ring自密封self-sealing四氟带Teflon tap带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳asbestos rope with inconel wire, inconel wire asbestos浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料Teflon impregnated asbestos packing金属填料metallic stuffing填料箱，填料函packing box, stuffing box填料函压盖stuffing box gland4 管道等级及材料统计4.1 管道材料规定Piping Material Specification管道等级piping class; piping classification管道等级号class designation公称直径nominal diameter (DN); nominal (pipe) size 公称压力nominal pressure (PN)压力级，等级，类别class (CL)低压low pressure (L.P.)中压medium pressure (M.P.)高压high pressure (H.P.)大气压atmosphere (ATM)真空vacuum工作压力operating pressure; working pressure设计压力design pressure工作温度operating temperature设计温度design temperature环境温度ambient temperature腐蚀裕量corrosion allowance管道附件piping attachment管道元件piping element壁厚wall thickness (WT)壁厚系列号schedule number (SCH. No.)加厚的，加强的extra heavy, extra strong双倍加厚的，双倍加强的double extra heavy, double extra strong通用连接组typieal installation分组（类）形式（如管道等级表）block form数据库data base文件file4.2 材料统计Material Take-off (MTO)汇总表summary sheet材料表bill of material (BM)综合管道材料表consolidated piping material summary sheet (CPMSS)统计材料准确度accuracy of take-off材料情况报告material status report (MSR)散装材料bulk material编位号的itemized代码code number短代码short code数量quantity (QTY)重力weight净重net weight毛重gross weight5 设备布置及管道布置Plot Plan and Piping Layout,Equipment and Piping Arrangement5.1 设备名称Equipment Name5.1.1 容器Vessel(1) 塔tower, column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔cooling tower精馏塔fractionating tower蒸馏塔distillation tower再生塔regenering tower造粒塔prflling tower汽提塔stripper脱气塔degasifier合成塔synthesis tower(2) 反应器reactor聚台釜polymerizer转化器，变换器converter脱硫反应器desulphurization reactor 甲烷化器methanator(3) 气柜gas-holder螺旋式气柜helical gas-holder湿式气柜wet gas-holder干式气柜dry gas-holder(4) 槽罐贮罐tank; storage tank缓冲罐knock out drum球罐spheroid, spherical tank罐drum接受槽receiver计量槽measuring tank加料槽feed tank排污罐blow down tank闪蒸罐flash drum汽包steam drum溶液贮槽solution storage tank 地下槽sloptank(5) 其它设备分离器separator旋风分离器cyclone分子筛molecular sieve脱氧器deaerator搅拌器agitator干燥器dryer混合器mixer萃取器extractor结晶器crystallizer澄清器gravity settler净化器purifier气化器vaporizer吸附器adsorber融解槽melter减温器desuperheater升压器booster喷射器ejector喷头sprayer火炬flare消声器silencer(6) 换热器、加热器、冷却器换热器heat exchanger空冷器air cooler水冷却器water cooler冷凝器condenser螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler急冷器quencher深冷器chiller预热器preheater再热器reheater加热器heater电加热器electric heater过热器super heater给水加热器feed water heater中间冷却器inter cooler后冷却器after cooler5.1.2 工业炉及锅炉炉子furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler烟囱stack废热锅炉waste heat boiler辅助锅炉auxiliary boiler省煤器economizer回热炉direct-fired heater辐射段radiant section对流段convection section裂化炉reformer焚烧炉incinerator回转窑rotary kiln炉管furnace tube吹灰器soot blower观察孔observation door, peep door防爆门explosion door5.2 辅助用房名称5.2.1 生产用房分析室analyzer room变压器室transformer room配电室，变电所substation, switch room蓄电池室battery room控制室control room通风室ventilating room贮藏室storage room维修间maintenance room办公室office5.2.2 生活用房更农室locker room盥洗室，厕所closet, lavatory, toilet5.3 图名管道布置平面piping arrangement plan (PAP)管道布置piping layout轴测图isometric drawing分区索引图key plan初版设备布置图（“A”版）preliminary plot plan ( “A” issue)内部审查版设备布置图（“B”版）inrernal approval plot plan ( “B” issue)用户审查版设备布置图（“C”版) owner approval plot plan ( “C” issue)确认版设备布置图（“D”版）confirm plot plan ( “D” issue)研究版设备布置图（“e”版）planning plot plan ( “E” issue)设计版设备布置图（“F”）designing plot plan ( “F” issue)施工版设备布置图（“G”版）construction plot plan ( “G” issue)5.4 厂房、站、单元压缩机房compressor house (room)泵房pump house (room)洗眼站eye washer station泡沫站foam station软管站，公用工程站hose station (HS), utility station 成套设备package unit设施facilities罐区tank yard空分装置air separation facility5.5 设备布置设备位号equipment item number工厂plant工厂区界plant limit项目区界内侧inside battery limit (I.S.B.L.)项目区界batterylimit (BL)区界area limit区域边界zone iimit界外off site东east (E)西west (W)南south (S)北north (N)上up下down工厂北向plant north真实北向true north道路road小过道cat walk, cat way走道，过道walk way, gangway, access way 污水坑（井）sump pit集水池catch basin沟槽through预留区trough场地future area铺砌区paving area非铺砌区unpaved area碎石铺面gravel paving橡皮铺面rubber paving面积，区域area体积，容积volume (VOL) 5.6 管道布置管道设计piping design管道研究piping study走向研究routing study重要管道critical piping地上管道above ground piping 地下管道under ground piping 管网network of pipes管廊pipe rack管沟piping trench管间距line spacing管道跨距line span总管header, manifold旁路by pass排液drain放空vent上升管，垂直管riser导管canduit裸管bare iine管件直接fitting to fitting (FTF)管段，接口spool piece, spool取样接口sampling connection集液包drip leg伴热管tracing pipe蒸汽伴热steam tracing热水伴热hot-water tracing电伴热electrical tracing夹套管jacketed line, jacketed piping 全夹套的full jacketed平面plan详图detail“ ”视图X view “X”“ ”剖视A-A section “A-A”连接图hook up drawing接续图continue on drawing (COD) 接续线match line (M.L.)比例scale图例legend符号symbol管口表list of nozzles方位orientation管口方位nozzle orientation定位location相交intersection水平的horizontal垂直的，立式的vertical垂直，正交，垂直的perpendicular平行，平行的parallel水平安装horizontal installation垂直安装vertical installafion对称的symmetric相反（的），对面（的）opposite顺时针方向clock wise逆时针方向counter clock wise计算机辅助设计computer aided design (CAD) 5.7 图面标注绝对标高abselute elevation海平面标高over-sea mean level (OSL)标高，立面elevation (EL)混凝土顶面top of concrete架顶面top of support (TOS)钢结构顶面top of steel梁项面top of beam (TOB)支撑点point of suppon (POS)管顶top of pipe (TOP)管底bouom of pipe (BOP)沟底boaom of trench管子内底invert (inside bottom of pipe)底平flat on bottom (FOB)顶平flat on top (FOT)工作点working point (W.P.)面至面face to face (F-F)中心至端面center to end (C-E)中心至面center to face (C-F)中心至中心，中至中center to center (C-C) 坐标coordinate坐标原点origin of coordinate出口中心线center line of discharge入口中心线center line of suction中心线centerline (CL)入口inlet, suction出口outlet, discharge排出口exhaust距离distance5.8 相关专业的专业词汇5.8.1 工艺(1) 图及表流程图flow diagram工艺流程图process flow diagram (PFD)管道及仪表流程图piping and instrument flow diagram (PID)公用工程流程图utility flow diagram (UFD) 管线表line list; line schedule命名表；管道表nomenclature设备表equipment list (schedule)(2) 流体fluid空气air仪表空气instrument air工艺空气process air低压蒸汽low pressure steam中压蒸汽medium pressure steam高压蒸汽high pressure steam伴热蒸汽tracing steam饱和蒸汽saturated steam过热蒸汽superheated steam氧气oxygen氢气hydrogen氮气nitrogen燃料气fuel gas天然气natural gas火炬气flare gas酸性气sour gas液化石油气liquefired petroleum gas (LPG) 氨气ammonia gas冷却水cooling循环水circulating water锅炉给水boiler feed water热水hot water蒸汽冷凝水steam condensate盐水brine工艺水process water化学污水chemical sewage防腐剂corrosion inhibitor重油heavy oil石脑油naphtha燃料油fuel oil润滑油lubricating oil密封油sealing oil冷冻剂refrigerant载热体heating medium溶剂solvent溶液solution母液mother liquor单体monomer聚合物polymer均聚物homopolymer共聚物copolymer工艺液体process liquid工艺气体process gas硫酸sulphuric acid盐酸chlorhydric acid硝酸nitric acid烧碱caustic soda(3) 流体特性fluid characteristics 蒸汽压vapor pressure临界温度critical temperature临界点critical point临界压力critical pressure比热specific heat湿度humidity密度density比重specific gravity粘度viscosity闪点flash point融点melting point凝固点freezing point浓度concentration爆炸极限limit of explosion 有毒的toxic可燃的；易燃的flammable (4) 其它回收recovery再生regeneration循环cireulatlon再循环；再生recycle补充make-up制备preparation蒸汽吹扫steaming out吹扫purge抽空；排空evacuation吹出blow-off排污blow down破真空vacuum breaker大气腿barometric leg备用stand-by化学清洗chemical cleaning净正吸入压头net positive suction head (NPSH) 进料feed成品product污染contamination大气污染atmospheric pollution环境温度ambient temperature5.8.2 建筑、结构建筑物building钢结构steel structure已有钢结构existing steel structure钢筋混凝土结构reinforced concrete construction 楼面floor平台platform (PF)地面ground level栏杆handrail楼梯stair; stair way直梯ladder柱column; post; stanchion基础foundation; footing粱beam。
暖通专业词汇中英文对照2007年04月10日星期二下午 02:30暖通专业词汇中英文对照air conditioning load空调负荷air distribution气流组织air handling unit 空气处理单元air shower 风淋室air wide pre.drop空气侧压降aluminum accessories in clean room 洁净室安装铝材brass stop valve 铜闸阀canvas connecting termingal 帆布接头centigrade scale 摄氏温度chiller accessories水冷机组配件chiller assembly水冷机组组装clean bench 净化工作台clean class 洁净度clean room 洁净室无尘室correction factor修正系数dry coil units 干盘管district cooling 区域供冷direct return system直接回水系统displacement ventilation置换通风drawing No.图号elevation立面图entering air temp进风温度entering water temp进水温度fahrenheit scale 华氏温度fan coil unit 风机盘管ffu fan filter units 风扇过滤网组flow velocity 流速fresh air supply 新风供给fresh air unit 新风处理机组ground source heat pump地源热泵gross weight 毛重heating ventilating and air conditioning 供热通风与空气调节hepa high efficiency particulate air 高效过滤网high efficiency particulate air filters高效空气过滤器horizontal series type水平串联式hot water supply system生活热水系统humidity 湿度hydraulic calculation水力计算isometric drawing轴测图layout 设计图leaving air temp 出风温度leaving water temp出水温度lood vacuum pump中央集尘泵mau make up air hundling unit schedule 外气空调箱natural smoke exhausting自然排烟net weight 净重noise reduction消声nominal diameter 公称直径oil-burning boiler燃油锅炉one way stop peturn valve 单向止回阀operation energy consumption运行能耗pass box 传递箱particle sizing and counting method 计径计数法Piping accessaries 水系统辅材piping assembly 配管rac recirculation air cabinet unit schedule循环组合空调单元ratio controller 比例调节器ratio flow control 流量比例控制ratio gear 变速轮 ratio meter 比率计rational 合理性的，合法的；有理解能力的rationale （基本）原理；原理的阐述rationality 有理性，合理性rationalization proposal 合理化建义ratio of compression 压缩比ratio of expansion 膨胀比ratio of run-off 径流系数ratio of slope 坡度ratio of specific heat 比热比raw 生的，原状的，粗的；未加工的raw coal 原煤 raw cotton 原棉raw crude producer gas 未净化的发生炉煤气raw data 原始数据raw fuel stock 粗燃料油raw gas 未净化的气体real gas 实际气体realignment 重新排列，改组；重新定线realm 区域，范围，领域real work 实际工作ream 铰孔，扩孔rear 后部，背面，后部的rear arch 后拱rear axle 后轴rear-fired boiler 后燃烧锅炉rear pass 后烟道rearrange 调整；重新安排[布置]rearrangement 调整，整顿；重新排列[布置]reason 理由，原因；推理reasonable 合理的，适当的reassembly 重新装配reaumur 列氏温度计reblading 重装叶片，修复叶片recalibration 重新校准[刻度]recapture 重新利用，恢复recarbonation 再碳化作用recast 另算；重作；重铸receiving basin 蓄水池receiving tank 贮槽recentralizing 恢复到中心位置；重定中心；再集中receptacle 插座[孔]；容器reception of heat 吸热recessed radiator 壁龛内散热器，暗装散热器recharge well 回灌井reciprocal 倒数；相互的，相反的，住复的reciprocal action 反复作用reciprocal compressor 往复式压缩机reciprocal feed pump 往复式蒸汽机reciprocal grate 往复炉排reciprocal motion 住复式动作reciprocal proportion 反比例reciprocal steam engine 往复式蒸汽机reciprocate 往复（运动），互换reciprocating 往复的，来回的，互相的，交替的reciprocating ( grate ) bar 往复式炉排片reciprocating compressor 往复式压缩机reciprocating condensing unit 往复式冷冻机reciprocating packaged liquid chiller 往复式整体型冷水机组reciprocating piston pump 往复式活塞泵reciprocating pump 往复泵，活塞泵reciprocating refrigerator 往复式制冷机recirculate 再循环recirculated 再循环的recirculated air 再循环空气[由空调场所抽出，然后通过空调装置，再送回该场所的回流空气]recirculated air by pass 循环空气旁路recircilated air intake 循环空气入口recirculated cooling system 再循环冷却系统recirculating 再循环的，回路的recirculating air duct 再循环风道recirculating fan 再循环风机recirculating line 再循环管路recirculating pump 再循环泵recirculation 再循环recirculation cooling water 再循环冷却水recirculation ratio 再循环比recirculation water 再循环水reclaim 再生，回收；翻造，修复reclaimer 回收装置；再生装置reclamation 回收，再生，再利用reclamation of condensate water蒸汽冷凝水回收recombination 再化[结]合，复合，恢复recommended level of illumination 推荐的照度标准reconnaissance 勘察，调查研究record drawing 详图、大样图、接点图recording apparatus 记录仪器recording barometer 自记气压计recording card 记录卡片recording facility 记录装置recording liquid level gauge 自动液面计recording paper of sound level 噪声级测定纸recording pressure gauge 自记压力计recording water-gauge 自记水位计recoverable 可回收的，可恢复的recoverable heat 可回收的热量recoverable oil 可回收的油recoverable waster heat 可回收的废热recovery plant 回收装置recovery rate 回收率relief damper 泄压风门return air flame plate回风百叶title 图名two-speed motor双速电机ultra low penetration air filter 超高空气效过滤器unidirectional air flow clean rooms单向流洁净室vacuum 真空vibration isolation减振virbrate free double poles terminal防震双球软接头water flow水流量water piping fittings 水管吊支架water to water plate heat exchangers板换water wide pre.drop水侧压降由热心网友《补充》：air balance 风量平衡air barrel 空气室air blanket 空气夹层air blast 强气流,鼓风,强制通风air blast cooling 吹风式冷却air blast connection pipe 风管air blast freezer 强制通风冻结间air blast freezer tuunel 强制通风冻结隧道air blast freezing 强制通风冻结air blast freezing plant 强制通风冻结装置air bleed hole 排气孔air bleed system 抽气方式air bleeder 放气管air blow aeration 散气式通风air blower 鼓风机air blowing 吹气,空气吹污air blowpipe 吹气管air bottle 压缩空气瓶air box 空气室air brake 空气制动器air breather 通风装置,通风孔rac recirculation air cabinet unit schedule循环组合空调单元ratio controller 比例调节器ratio flow control 流量比例控制ratio gear 变速轮 ratio meter 比率计rational 合理性的，合法的；有理解能力的rationale （基本）原理；原理的阐述rationality 有理性，合理性rationalization proposal 合理化建义ratio of compression 压缩比ratio of expansion 膨胀比ratio of run-off 径流系数ratio of slope 坡度ratio of specific heat 比热比raw 生的，原状的，粗的；未加工的raw coal 原煤 raw cotton 原棉raw crude producer gas 未净化的发生炉煤气raw data 原始数据raw fuel stock 粗燃料油raw gas 未净化的气体real gas 实际气体realignment 重新排列，改组；重新定线realm 区域，范围，领域real work 实际工作ream 铰孔，扩孔rear 后部，背面，后部的rear arch 后拱rear axle 后轴rear-fired boiler 后燃烧锅炉rear pass 后烟道rearrange 调整；重新安排[布置]rearrangement 调整，整顿；重新排列[布置]reason 理由，原因；推理reasonable 合理的，适当的reassembly 重新装配reaumur 列氏温度计reblading 重装叶片，修复叶片recalibration 重新校准[刻度]recapture 重新利用，恢复recarbonation 再碳化作用recast 另算；重作；重铸receiving basin 蓄水池receiving tank 贮槽recentralizing 恢复到中心位置；重定中心；再集中receptacle 插座[孔]；容器reception of heat 吸热recessed radiator 壁龛内散热器，暗装散热器recharge well 回灌井reciprocal 倒数；相互的，相反的，住复的reciprocal action 反复作用reciprocal compressor 往复式压缩机reciprocal feed pump 往复式蒸汽机reciprocal grate 往复炉排reciprocal motion 住复式动作reciprocal proportion 反比例reciprocal steam engine 往复式蒸汽机reciprocate 往复（运动），互换reciprocating 往复的，来回的，互相的，交替的reciprocating ( grate ) bar 往复式炉排片reciprocating compressor 往复式压缩机reciprocating condensing unit 往复式冷冻机reciprocating packaged liquid chiller 往复式整体型冷水机组reciprocating piston pump 往复式活塞泵reciprocating pump 往复泵，活塞泵reciprocating refrigerator 往复式制冷机recirculate 再循环recirculated 再循环的recirculated air 再循环空气[由空调场所抽出，然后通过空调装置，再送回该场所的回流空气]recirculated air by pass 循环空气旁路recircilated air intake 循环空气入口recirculated cooling system 再循环冷却系统recirculating 再循环的，回路的recirculating air duct 再循环风道recirculating fan 再循环风机recirculating line 再循环管路recirculating pump 再循环泵recirculation 再循环recirculation cooling water 再循环冷却水recirculation ratio 再循环比recirculation water 再循环水reclaim 再生，回收；翻造，修复reclaimer 回收装置；再生装置reclamation 回收，再生，再利用reclamation of condensate water蒸汽冷凝水回收recombination 再化[结]合，复合，恢复recommended level of illumination 推荐的照度标准reconnaissance 勘察，调查研究record drawing 详图、大样图、接点图recording apparatus 记录仪器recording barometer 自记气压计recording card 记录卡片recording facility 记录装置recording liquid level gauge 自动液面计recording paper of sound level 噪声级测定纸recording pressure gauge 自记压力计recording water-gauge 自记水位计recoverable 可回收的，可恢复的recoverable heat 可回收的热量recoverable oil 可回收的油recoverable waster heat 可回收的废热recovery plant 回收装置recovery rate 回收率relief damper 泄压风门return air flame plate回风百叶Seat air supply座椅送风Shaft seal 轴封Shaft storage 搁架式贮藏Shake 摇动，抖动Shakedown run 试车，调动启动，试运转Shake-out 摇动，抖动Shakeproof 防振的，抗振的Shaker 振动器Shaking 摇[摆，振]动Shaking grate 振动炉排Shaking screen 振动筛Shallow 浅层，浅的，表面的Shank 柄，杆，柱体，轴Shape 造[成]型，形状[态]模型。
换热器使用说明书使用说明书尊敬的用户，感谢您选用我们的换热器产品。
为了确保您能正确、安全地使用本产品，特提供本使用说明书，请您在使用前仔细阅读并按照说明进行操作。
一、产品概述本换热器为热交换设备，适用于工业、建筑、能源等领域，用于传递热量或冷量，实现不同介质之间的换热。
产品具有高效、稳定、耐用等特点，可以满足不同使用场景的需求。
二、安全须知1. 在使用前，请确保产品完好无损。
如发现任何破损、变形等异常现象，请勿使用，并及时联系售后服务。
2. 安装前请确保环境通风良好，确保换热器正常工作。
3. 进行维护或清洗时，请先切断电源并等待冷却后再操作，以免烫伤或其他意外伤害。
4. 使用过程中，请勿向产品内部注入腐蚀性液体，避免损坏设备或对人身安全造成威胁。
三、安装步骤1. 将换热器放置在预留位置，并确保底座平稳。
2. 根据实际需要调整管道的连接方向，确保与进出口管道相连接。
3. 使用扳手和螺丝刀等工具将进出口管道固定，确保不漏水、不松动。
4. 连接好电源，并按照产品面板上的指示开启换热器。
四、使用方法1. 开机前，请先阅读产品面板上的指示，并根据实际需要进行设置。
2. 按下开机按钮，等待设备启动并进入工作状态。
3. 使用调控面板上的按钮或旋钮，对换热效果进行调整，以满足实际使用需求。
4. 使用过程中，请注意观察设备运行情况，如发现任何异常现象，请立即停机并联系售后服务。
五、维护与保养1. 每个月对换热器进行清洗，以去除附着在设备表面的尘埃和污垢。
2. 每季度检查设备的电源线、管道连接等部位，确保正常使用。
3. 如需更换零部件，请联系售后服务，并使用原厂提供的配件。
六、注意事项1. 请勿随意拆卸换热器，以免影响产品性能或造成设备损坏。
2. 请勿将产品暴露在高温、潮湿等极端环境下使用。
3. 请勿将反应性强的物质直接倒入换热器内部，以免引发化学反应或设备损坏。
4. 请勿在换热器上放置重物或进行过多震动，以免对设备造成损坏。
四平市巨元换热设备有限公司SIPING JUYUAN HEAT EXCHANGE EQUIPMENT CO., LTD.套管式换热器使用说明书OPERATION MANUAC FOR JACKETED PIPE HEAT EXCHAN GER四平市巨元换热设备有限公司Siping Juyuan Heat Exchange Equipment Co., Ltd.地址:吉林省四平市南环西路5号Add:No5,Nanhuan West Road, Siping city, Jilin Province电话: (0434) 3265455 3265740 3265841 巨元集团Tel: (0434) 3265455 3265740 3265841 JUYUAN GROUP 传真: (0434) 3265455 3265740Fax: ( 0434) 3265455 3265740邮编: 136000套管式换热器使用说明书JACKETED PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER OPERATION MANUAL目录Contents1.概述 (1)Brief Introduction2.工作原理及结构特征 (1)Structural Features And Working Principles3.型号及其意义 (1)Type And Indication4.安装 (2)Installation5.试车 (2)Trial Operation6.使用与维护保养 (3)Operation And Maintenance7.受压原件的检验和水压试验 (4)Inspection Of Pressurized Component And Hydraulic Test8.故障与排除 (5)Failure And Debugging9.其它 (5)Others说明..................................................................................... (6)Notes四平市巨元换热设备有限公司. 巨元集团1.概述Brief Introduction套管式换热器是冶金、化工、机械、能源、交通、轻工、食品、医药、供热等行业普遍采用的热交换设备，适用于冷却、冷凝、加热、蒸发、余热回收等不同工况。
由于套管式换热器结构坚固，使用弹性大、适应性强、耐高温、高压及高温差，故在门类众多的热交换设备中，套管式换热器仍居重要地位。
Jacketed pipe heat exchanger as the heat transfer equipment was widely adopted for the project of metallurgy, chemical industry, energy resources ,communications ,light industry ,foodstuff, pharmacy and etc .It was generally used for conditions of cooling, condensing, heating, evaporation , heat recovery and etc. Thanks to the Properties of its structural sturdiness, larger elasticity of operation, excellent suitability, high temperature, and pressure resistant, high Temperature difference, so it plays a very important part among the all types of heat transfer equipment.我公司生产的套管式换热器的设计、制造、检验及验收均符合HG/T2650-95《钢制管式换热器》标准，系列产品的设计温度为0~350ºC，设计压力分别为0.6MPa,1.6MPa,和2.5MPa,4.0MPa。
Product design, fabrication, inspection and acceptance of jacketed heat exchanger which assembled by Sipping Juyuan Company conforms the standard requirements of HG/T2620-95<<Steel Tubulary Heat Exchangers >> Design temperature of series product is 0~350ºC .Design pressure is 0.6 MPa,1.6 MPa and ,40 MPa differently. 2.结构特征及工作原理Structural Features And Working Principles套管式换热器是由两种不同大小直径的管子组装成同心管，两端用U型弯管将它们连接成排，排列组合形成传热单元，我公司亦可根据经济技术合同为用户设计、制造其他结构形式的套管式换热器。
Jacketed pipe heat exchanger are composed of concentrical tubes which have been assembled by two kinds of tubes with different larger or 四平市巨元换热设备有限公司. 巨元集团Siping Juyuan Heat Exchange Equipment Co., Ltd.smaller diameter. Both ends were connected by tubes of U shape to form the tube banks of elemental components of heat transfer, We can also provide to the user with other types of jacket pipe heat exchangers in according to stipulation of economical and technical contracts for designing and fabrication.套管式换热器属于间壁式换热器，它是利用固体壁面将进行热交换的两种流体隔开，使它们通过共同的壁面（内管）进行热交换。
换热时，一种流体走内管，另一种流体走内外管之间的环隙，内管的壁面为传热面，一般按逆流方式进行换热。
两种流体都可以在较高的温度、压力、流速下进行换热。
Jacketed pipe heat exchanger belongs to recuperative type of heat exchanger .It isolates the two kinds of media by the use of solid wall face to realize the heat transfer with the common surface (Internal tubes). On the conditions of heat transfer , one fluid flows inside of internal tube; another flows inside of annular interval between internal and external tubes .Wall surface of internal tube takes as the surface of heat transfer, generally by means of counter current flow .Both media can all realize service of transfer at conditions of higher temperature ,pressure ,and flow velocity.3.型号及意义Type And IndicationGXT—1.25—0.9—38/60————内/外管直径(mm)Internal / External Tube D.(mm)换热面积(M²)Area of heat transfer设计压力（MPa）Design pressure套管式换热器Jacketed pipe heat exchanger四平市巨元换热设备有限公司. 巨元集团JACKETED PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER OPERATION MANUAL4.安装Installation4.1场地和基础Construction and installation4.11换热器的布置应留有足够的空间来满足拆装、维修的需要。
排列间隔最小为600mm。
两端弯部位至少留出1.5倍设备长度，以便抽出内管。
Layout of heat exchanger shall be maintained to have enough space for requirements of disassembly and maintenance ;interval of arrangement shall be maintained to have 600mm at least; bend of both ends maintained to 1.5 times of equipment length to remove the internal tube .4.12基础由用户根据现场情况及换热器的几何尺寸、重量等自行设计，但活动支座的基础面上应预埋滑板，滑板的几何尺寸应大于支座板至少100mm(厚度可与支座底板相同) 。
Design of foundation may be completed in accordance with the actual construction site and geometric size, weight of heat exchanger and etc. Slide plate on the foundation surface of free support shall be pre-buried. Geometric size of slide plate, shall be larger than support 100mm at least (Thickness is equal to the base plate of support).4.2地脚螺栓和垫铁Anchor Bolt and steel washer4.2.1活动支座的地脚螺栓应有2个锁紧的螺母，螺母与底板间留有1~3mm的间隙。
