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热带作物学报2024, 45(4): 837 846Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops基因沉默番木瓜环斑病毒复制酶基因（PRSV-Nib）获得抗病毒病番木瓜的研究吴清铧1,2，贾瑞宗2*，郭静远2，杨牧之2，胡玉娟2，郝志刚2，赵辉2**，郭安平2** 1. 海南大学热带作物学院，海南海口 570228；2. 海南省南繁生物安全与分子育种重点实验室/中国热带农业科学院三亚研究院/中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所，海南三亚 572024摘要：番木瓜是重要的热带经济水果。
番木瓜环斑病毒（Papaya ringspot virus, PRSV）是番木瓜的重要病毒病，经常导致严重的产量损失和质量恶化。
自从1998年第一例转基因番木瓜问世以来，使得基于“致病菌衍生的抗病性（pathogen-derived resistance, PDR）”的抗病育种策略获得成功广泛应用。
然而依赖于序列同源性的抗病性与病毒突变导致多样性增加之间的矛盾成为番木瓜育种科学家的新挑战。
本研究拟采用RNAi策略针对复制酶（nuclear inclusion b. Nib）获得广谱抗PRSV番木瓜新种质。
通过团队已建立的胚性愈伤诱导-农杆菌介导转化-再生苗诱导的番木瓜遗传转化体系，共获得经过抗性筛选的再生苗52株，通过特异性PCR进行筛选共计获得24株转基因阳性植株。
通过对T0代田间自然发病试验中，转基因番木瓜株系抗病性明显高于非转基因对照，其中NibB5-2田间抗病性最优。
通过hi TAIL-PCR方法确定NibB5-2插入位点位于第2号染色体supercontig_30的1976766的位置。
T1代接种试验中，无病毒积累且无发病症状，初步确认具有良好的病毒抗性，为番木瓜抗病育种提供新思路。
关键词：番木瓜；番木瓜环斑病毒；Nib基因；RNA介导的病毒抗性中图分类号：S436.67 文献标志码：AGene Silencing of Papaya ringspot virus Replicase Gene (PRSV-Nib) to Obtain Virus Resistant PapayaWU Qinghua1,2, JIA Ruizong2*, GUO Jingyuan2, YANG Muzhi2, HU Yujuan2, HAO Zhigang2, ZHAO Hui2**, GUO Anping2**1. College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China;2. Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitor-ing and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions / Sanya Research Institutey, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agri-cultural Sciences / Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572024, ChinaAbstract: Papaya is an economically important tropical fruit. Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) is an important virus dis-ease of papaya, often causing significant yield losses and quality deterioration. Since the introduction of the first trans-genic papaya in 1998, PDR-based breeding strategies for disease resistance have been successfully applied. The contra-diction between disease resistance based on sequence homology and increased virus genetic diversity became a new challenge for papaya breeding. In this study, we propose to use RNAi strategies aim at nuclear inclusion b gene (Nib) to obtain broad-spectrum resistance to PRSV papaya. With optimized embryo callus generation-Agrobatium meidated transformation-shoot regeneration, 52 shoots were obtained after resistance screening and a total of 24 transgenic posi-tive shoots were obtained by specific PCR screening for the T0 generation. In the T0 generation field natural disease test, 收稿日期 2022-12-16；修回日期 2023-02-15基金项目 海南省重大科技计划项目（No. ZDKJ202002）；海南省重点研发计划项目（No. ZDYF2022XDNY257）；崖州湾科技城菁英人才项目（No. SCKJ-JYRC-2022-67）。
课下每天练(十) 50分阅读提分练姓名________ 班级________ 考号________ 时间：40分钟阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A[2024·福建省高三诊断性练习]Today's modern travelers are journeying further to explore Europe off the beaten track, and bringing home new skills and experience. Here are 4 ideas for an unusual holiday in Europe.Volunteer in TransylvaniaTransylvania is a top choice for an unusual European city break, with wonderfully preserved medieval (中世纪的) towns and castles that inspired the famous novel Dracula. In addition, you can take your unusual holiday experience even further by volunteering in Eastern Europe's largest bear reserve and working with bears.Teach skiing in AustriaAustria is one of Europe's top skiing destinations. If you're looking for a more unusual way to spend a winter holiday, why not consider training to be a ski instructor there? You'll gain a qualification that is recognized worldwide, and this programme includes a guaranteed paid instructor job at a ski resort (旅游胜地) once you have finished your training.Go diving in SpainFor a European holiday with a difference, take part in a plastic cleanup project based in Barcelona, help to empty plastic waste in the Mediterranean Sea and make a difference as you travel. This volunteer project combines diving with collecting plastic or other waste from the water, alongside giving you the chance to explore the city.Explore Tuscany on horsebackTuscany, one of the best places in Europe to explore on horseback, has witnesseda sharp increase in travelers. There are various activities that combine sightseeing with basic horse riding lessons and you can stay in Renaissance villas (文艺复兴风格的别墅) and farmhouses. You don't need to have any experience for horse riding holidays, and they are a brilliant alternative to your typical guided tour.1．What does the author suggest doing in Transylvania?A.Helping to care for bears.B．Finding a job in the castle.C．Reading the novel Dracula.D．Visiting its modern buildings.2．Where can you earn money while traveling?A．Transylvania. B．Tuscany.C．Spain. D．Austria.3．What do we know about horse riding holidays in Tuscany?A．They suit experienced riders.B．They are unique to Tuscany.C．They are growing in popularity.D．They feature a typical guided tour.B[2024·广东七校联考试卷]Overlooking the DavisGant Varsity Soccer Field, a bed of overturned soil waits for further development. In a few years, this area will become a natural habitat and a playground for animals and residents. This peaceful area didn't appear naturally, but through planning and action taken by Catlin Gabel's Tiny Forest project launched by teacher Patrick Walsh.Forests typically take hundreds of years to mature, with four stages of growth. “Tiny forests flatten out time through the plant ing of all four layers (层)，” Walsh explained. The end result is a fastgrowing, native forest in about 20 years. Over 600 plants from 43 species will be planted in the tiny forest, the first one in Oregon.Walsh was inspired to build a tiny forest after hearing about this idea, which emerged in Japan and has taken hold in North America. He shared his vision withseniors in his class. The seniors researched tiny forests and made a proposal resulting in Clean Water Services donating 60 trees and $5，000 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Armed with these resources, Walsh and the students started working. “Something I didn't really expect was the outpouring of students' enthusiasm. Seeing students from all grades volunteered to contribute to the ‘dirty work’ really blew me away，” Walsh said.Senior Megan Cover has been at the school since the first grade. “I'll graduate after working on this project, which is surely sad, but it's really rewarding and great to be a part of this project and to do my bit. We're creating this educational space for many young kids，” Cover said.Walsh summed up his goal of the project, which is to build a place where students can enjoy and learn about nature. “The forest will obviously not solve climate change, but it would deserve the efforts if the kids think about climate change and remember the importance of reforestation and trees when they look outside at the forest.”4．What is special about tiny forests?A．They originated in North America.B．They are usually planted in schools.C．They contain various types of trees.D．They become mature in a shorter time.5．What surprised Walsh in the process of planting the tiny forest?A．The abundance of native tree species.B. Public concern about the environment.C．The active participation of students.D．Support from local organizations.6．How does Megan Cover feel about the project?A.Proud. B．Hopeful.C．Excited. D．Grateful.7．What does Walsh want the forest to function as for the students?A．A source of enjoyment.B．A reminder.C．A source of inspiration.D．A witness.C[2024·唐山市模拟]Math anxiety is far from uncommon, but too often, those who fear the subject simply avoid it. Research from The University of Chicago offers evidence for the link between math anxiety and avoidance.Studying nearly 500 adults through a computer program called the ChooseAndSolve Task (CAST), the researchers gave participants a choice between math and word problems labeled “easy” and “hard”. The easy problems were always worth two cents, while the hard problems were worth up to six cents. They also informed participants the computer task would modify the questions in the process of testing based on their abilities, enabling them to handle about 70% of the hard problems.Although participants attempted hard word problems when promised higher monetary prizes, they rarely chose to do the same for math problems. “We found we couldn't even pay mathanxious individuals to do difficult math problems，” researcher Rozek says.The findings also contradict a widely held belief that feeling anxious about math and avoiding mathrelated problems is rooted in being bad at math. “If you take two students good at math, the mathanxious one will do worse at math than the one that isn't anxious.”Such a mentality does more than stopping people from taking calculus courses or pursuing a career in STEM. It can affect everyday interactions with math—like leaving a tip in a restaurant. But all is not lost. Reframing their anxiety from negative to positive cou ld help mathanxious people reengage. Giving those anxious about siting exams guidance may lead them to perform better. “Telling them if you're anxious, this is your body getting you ready to perform and focus，” Rozek says. Another path may be to create early positive experiences around math. For example, telling stories featuring math and tackling problems around the story may be helpful.8．What does the underlined word “modify” mean in Paragraph 2?A．Adjust. B．Design.C．Solve. D．Add.9．What does the study find?A.Math anxiety interacts with math avoidance.B.Word problems are often regarded as easier.C.Fear of math can outweigh higher rewards.D．People underrate their mathematical ability.10．What is a common misunderstanding about math anxiety?A．It is the cause of math avoidance.B．It causes people to be bored of math.C．It is a complex phenomenon in life.D．It results from poor math performance.11．What is the last paragraph mainly about?A．Consequences of math avoidance.B．Ways to break the anx ietyavoidance link.C．Explanations for math anxiety.D.Mental barriers to mathematical achievements.D[2024·厦门市高三质量检测]The burning of coal may be falling out of favor as a means of generating heat and electricity, but that doesn't mean it no longer has valuable uses. The team of King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) is using coal for a new economy.The project is led by Associate Professor Andrea Fratalocchi. While reading about challenges of ending the use of coal in power generation, Fratalocchi was struck by a novel possible use for coal. “Why don't we use coal for seawater desalination (脱盐)？” Fratalocchi recalls, still excited. Capable of taking in sunlight, the black mineral adds to the list of substances in dark colors serving t he purpose, which the team is on a longstanding hunt for.Fratalocchi and his team began to explore the use of a material known ascarbonized compressed powder (压缩粉末), also CCP, which is created by breaking coal into powder, and then pressing that powder back into a solid that has more tiny holes—it can also be made into a desired shape. The team combined CCP with natural cotton fibers, producing a block which was then placed within a seawater containing container, with its bottom touching water surface. While sunlight heated the black surface of the block, the inside fibers helped water flow in and through the block from the bottom. When that liquid water reached the hot surface, it turned into steam which rose and condensed (冷凝) on the inside of a specially shaped cover. That condensation then flew down the cover and was collected as fresh, drinkable water. The seawater's salt content remained behind within the CCP. A simple wash was enough to remove most of it, so the material could be reused multiple times.KAUST has partnered with the Dutch startup PERA Complexity to promote the technology. The material will see its first use in a pilot plant in Brazil. “CCP is abundant in nature and reasonable to use, besides being lightweight and highly changeable，” says team member Marcella Bonifazi. “The device's desalination rate per unit of raw material is two to three times higher than that of any other solar desalination system, but it produces fresh water at around onethird the expense of current stateoftheart technologies.”12．What is Fratalocchi's team seeking for?A．Fibers functioning well with CCP.B．Green ways to desalinate seawater.C．Novel industrial applications of coal.D．Darkcolored materials for desalination.13．How did the team get water into the CCP device?A．By placing cotton fibers inside.B．By heating its black surface.C．By making the powder into a block.D．By installing a special cover.14．Which feature of CCP does Marcella Bonifazi stress?A．Being ecofriendly. B．Being lowcost.C．Being efficient. D．Being flexible.15．What does the text mainly talk about?A．Scientists have made a breakthrough in desalination.B．Coal finds new use in desalination technology.P is expected to be in reallife use soon.D．Drinkable water will be got from the sea.其次节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
List of related AI Classes CS229covered a broad swath of topics in machine learning,compressed into a sin-gle quarter.Machine learning is a hugely inter-disciplinary topic,and there are many other sub-communities of AI working on related topics,or working on applying machine learning to different problems.Stanford has one of the best and broadest sets of AI courses of pretty much any university.It offers a wide range of classes,covering most of the scope of AI issues.Here are some some classes in which you can learn more about topics related to CS229:AI Overview•CS221(Aut):Artificial Intelligence:Principles and Techniques.Broad overview of AI and applications,including robotics,vision,NLP,search,Bayesian networks, and learning.Taught by Professor Andrew Ng.Robotics•CS223A(Win):Robotics from the perspective of building the robot and controlling it;focus on manipulation.Taught by Professor Oussama Khatib(who builds the big robots in the Robotics Lab).•CS225A(Spr):A lab course from the same perspective,taught by Professor Khatib.•CS225B(Aut):A lab course where you get to play around with making mobile robots navigate in the real world.Taught by Dr.Kurt Konolige(SRI).•CS277(Spr):Experimental Haptics.Teaches haptics programming and touch feedback in virtual reality.Taught by Professor Ken Salisbury,who works on robot design,haptic devices/teleoperation,robotic surgery,and more.•CS326A(Latombe):Motion planning.An algorithmic robot motion planning course,by Professor Jean-Claude Latombe,who(literally)wrote the book on the topic.Knowledge Representation&Reasoning•CS222(Win):Logical knowledge representation and reasoning.Taught by Profes-sor Yoav Shoham and Professor Johan van Benthem.•CS227(Spr):Algorithmic methods such as search,CSP,planning.Taught by Dr.Yorke-Smith(SRI).Probabilistic Methods•CS228(Win):Probabilistic models in AI.Bayesian networks,hidden Markov mod-els,and planning under uncertainty.Taught by Professor Daphne Koller,who works on computational biology,Bayes nets,learning,computational game theory, and more.1Perception&Understanding•CS223B(Win):Introduction to computer vision.Algorithms for processing and interpreting image or camera information.Taught by Professor Sebastian Thrun, who led the DARPA Grand Challenge/DARPA Urban Challenge teams,or Pro-fessor Jana Kosecka,who works on vision and robotics.•CS224S(Win):Speech recognition and synthesis.Algorithms for large vocabu-lary continuous speech recognition,text-to-speech,conversational dialogue agents.Taught by Professor Dan Jurafsky,who co-authored one of the two most-used textbooks on NLP.•CS224N(Spr):Natural language processing,including parsing,part of speech tagging,information extraction from text,and more.Taught by Professor Chris Manning,who co-authored the other of the two most-used textbooks on NLP.•CS224U(Win):Natural language understanding,including computational seman-tics and pragmatics,with application to question answering,summarization,and inference.Taught by Professors Dan Jurafsky and Chris Manning.Multi-agent systems•CS224M(Win):Multi-agent systems,including game theoretic foundations,de-signing systems that induce agents to coordinate,and multi-agent learning.Taught by Professor Yoav Shoham,who works on economic models of multi-agent interac-tions.•CS227B(Spr):General game playing.Reasoning and learning methods for playing any of a broad class of games.Taught by Professor Michael Genesereth,who works on computational logic,enterprise management and e-commerce.Convex Optimization•EE364A(Win):Convex Optimization.Convexity,duality,convex programs,inte-rior point methods,algorithms.Taught by Professor Stephen Boyd,who works on optimization and its application to engineering problems.AI Project courses•CS294B/CS294W(Win):STAIR(STanford AI Robot)project.Project course with no lectures.By drawing from machine learning and all other areas of AI, we’ll work on the challenge problem of building a general-purpose robot that can carry out home and office chores,such as tidying up a room,fetching items,and preparing meals.Taught by Professor Andrew Ng.2。
2020，42（6）DOI ：10.13836/j.jjau.2020138江西农业大学学报Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensishttp ://独行菜抗逆相关转录因子LaDREB 密码子偏性与进化分析周茜1，陈芸1，卢函3，王玉州1，王继莲1，赵惠新2*（1.喀什大学生命与地理科学学院/叶尔羌绿洲生态与生物资源研究高校重点实验室，新疆喀什844000；2.新疆师范大学生命科学学院/新疆特殊环境物种保护与调控生物学实验室/干旱区植物逆境生物学实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐830054；3.和田师范专科学校生地学院，新疆和田848000）摘要：【目的】为明确独行菜抗逆相关转录因子LaDREB 基因密码子的使用特性。
【方法】运用CodonW 与EMBOSS 程序及Excel 、SPSS 、MEGA 等软件，分析了独行菜与其他物种中抗逆相关转录因子DREB 基因的密码子使用偏好性，比较了独行菜LaDREB 基因与模式生物的密码子使用频率。
【结果】独行菜LaDREB 基因的ENc （有效密码子数）、CAI （密码子适应指数）和GC 含量分别为50.49、0.261和45.60%，表明其密码子使用偏性较弱，密码子偏好使用AT 结尾；根据RSCU 值，确定独行菜LaDREB 基因高频密码子11个；不同物种间的DREB 基因的密码子存在一定选用偏好性；CDS 序列及RSCU 聚类分析表明，独行菜LaDREB 基因与双子叶植物中十字花科的植物偏好性最相近；密码子碱基成分和相关性分析发现，LaDREB 基因在进化过程中密码子偏好性主要受碱基突变压力的影响。
【结论】比较密码子使用频率分析发现，原核生物大肠杆菌表达系统更适合作为独行菜LaDREB 基因的异源表达受体，模式植物拟南芥、水稻均可作为独行菜LaDREB 基因的遗传转化受体，其中拟南芥是其最理想的遗传转化受体。
研究为今后独行菜LaDREB 基因的异源表达以及相关基因功能的进一步研究提供重要参考。
2023年6月六级听力原文及答案解析Part III Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.W: Did you hear that Anna needs to stay in bed for 4 weeks?M: Yeah. She injured her spine in a fall and a doctor told her to lie flat on her back for a month so it can mend.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?【答案】A) The injury will confine Anna to bed for quite a while.【解析】细节题。
价格的利润生物公司正在吞噬可改变动物DNA序列的所有专利。
这是对阻碍医学研究发展的一种冲击。
木匠认为他们的贸易工具是理所当然的。
他们买木材和锤子后，他们可以使用木材和锤子去制作任何他们所选择的东西。
多年之后来自木材厂和工具储藏室的人并没有任何进展，也没有索要利润份额。
对于那些打造明日药物的科学家们来说，这种独立性是一种罕见的奢侈品。
发展或是发现这些生物技术贸易中的工具和稀有材料的公司，对那些其他也用这些工具和材料的人进行了严格的监控。
这些工具包括关键基因的DNA序列，人类、动物植物和一些病毒的基因的部分片段，例如，HIV,克隆细胞，酶，删除基因和用于快速扫描DNA样品的DNA 芯片。
为了将他们这些关键的资源得到手，医学研究人员进场不得不签署协议，这些协议可以制约他们如何使用这些资源或是保证发现这些的公司可以得到最终结果中的部分利益。
许多学者称这抑制了了解和治愈疾病的进程。
这些建议使Harold得到了警示，Harold是华盛顿附近的美国国家卫生研究院的院长，在同年早期，他建立了一个工作小组去调查此事。
由于他的提早的调查，下个月出就能发布初步的报告。
来自安阿伯密歇根大学的法律教授，该工作组的主席Rebecea Eisenberg说，她们的工作组已经听到了好多研究者的抱怨，在它们中有一份由美国联合大学技术管理组提交的重量级的卷宗。
为了帮助收集证据，NIH建立了一个网站，在这个网站上研究者们可以匿名举报一些案件，这些案件他们相信他们的工作已经被这些限制性许可证严重阻碍了。
迫使研究人员在出版之前需要将他们的手稿展示给公司的这一保密条款和协议是投诉中最常见的原因之一。
另一个问题是一些公司坚持保有自动许可证的权利，该许可证是有关利用他们物质所生产的任何未来将被发现的产品，并且这些赋予他们对任何利用他们的工具所赚取的利润的支配权利的条款也有保有的权利。
Eisenberg说：“如果你不得不签署了许多这样的条款的话，那真的是一个大麻烦”。
大连民族学院国际商学院英文翻译2007级毕业论文外文翻译资料Microfinance's Latest Growing Pains小额信贷业的发展阵痛《Knowledge Wharton》February 2nd 2011《沃顿知识》杂志 2011年2月2日译者：刘颖会大连民族学院国际商学院国际经济与贸易072班2011年6月小额信贷业发展阵痛近期的小额信贷危机源于印度南部城市安得拉邦，当地过度负债、暴力催款和借款者被迫自杀等问题引发了民众对小额信贷行业的广泛指责，并强烈呼吁政府加强监管。
10月，印度政府对损害信贷、强行控制回款天数并拖累印度最大的盈利性小额信贷公司SKS股价暴跌的小额信贷机构实施管制。
1月19日，印度储备银行发布Malegam委员会报告，建议对印度小额信贷机构施加一系列新的监管措施，包括设置利率上限、贷款限额以及对借款人的收入进行规定。
有些观察家对此表示欢迎，而悲观人士则认为此举难以避免信贷紧缩和行业崩溃。
尽管现在要分析行业前景还为时尚早，但安得拉邦的危机着实引发了民众对全球小额信贷行业的热烈讨论和深刻反省。
近期在沃顿阿瑞斯高级管理教育学院小额信贷管理培训班上，讨论的焦点集中在过度信贷、高速的行业增长以及如何在追求利润的同时更好地实现小额信贷的设立宗旨。
小额信贷业经历了一场由坏账“大地震”所引发的“痛苦的觉醒”，26名来自全球各地的社会财富计划参与者之一Kamran Azim在一堂主题为小额信贷业的增长与可持续发展的讨论中如此比喻道。
Azim是创立于1996年的巴基斯坦拉合尔小额信贷机构Kashf 基金的运营总监。
他指出，过去20到30年间，小额信贷的方式方法几乎都没有发生过变化。
但现在，突然之间，这个行业经历了一场地震。
正如该培训计划中一门课程的导言所说：“面对不断加速的变革，人们趋向于依赖传统的方式进行商业发展。
然而，正是在这样的时刻，创新方显得尤为重要。
”此外，几名学员也指出，小额信贷行业必须在兼顾客户需求的同时通过创新的方式来巩固发展。
Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意1．Atlantic adj.大西洋的2．whale n．鲸3．mystery n．难以理解的事物，谜4．crash v．暴跌5．per cent n．百分比6．creature n．生物，动物7．element n．基本部分，要素8．breathtaking adj.令人惊叹的9．eagle n．鹰10．capture v．(用文字或图片)记录，捕捉11．file n．档案，文件Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．charity n．慈善机构，慈善团体2．annual adj.一年一度的，每年的3．seek v．寻找，寻求4．professor n．教授5．measure v．量，测量n．措施；尺度6．position n．位置7．eventually ad v.最终，终于8．destroy v．破坏，毁掉9．chemical n．化学品adj.化学(作用)的10．idiom n．习语，成语11．authority n．当权，权力12．source n．来源，出处13．found v．创立，创建14．button n．按钮15．encounter v．意外地遇见，与……邂逅n．意外的相遇，邂逅16．path n．小径，小道17．stare v．凝视，盯着看18．image n．图像，影像Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．migrate v．移栖，迁徙→migration n．迁徙2．determine v．测定，确定→determined adj.坚决的；有决心的→determination n．决心；果断3．solution n．解决，解决方法→solve v t.解决4．amazing adj.惊人的，了不起的→amaze v．使惊讶→amazed adj.惊讶的→amazement n．惊奇；惊愕5．survive v．活下来，幸存→survival n．幸存；残存物→survivor n．幸存者；生还者6．effect n．影响，结果→effective adj.有效的；有影响的7．accommodation n．住处，工作场所→accommodate v．容纳；提供住宿8．photographer n．摄影师→photograph n．照片v i.& v t.(为……)拍照→photography n．摄影；摄影术9．recover v．(从糟糕经历中)恢复→recovery n．恢复10．shock n．吃惊，震惊→shocking adj.令人震惊的→shocked adj.感到震惊的11．variety n．多样化，变化→various adj.多种多样的→vary v i.变化；不同12．concentrate v．专注，专心→concentration n．专心→concentrated adj.全力以赴的；集中的13．freeze v．(froze，frozen) 突然停止，呆住；结冰；(使)冻住→freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的→frozen adj.结冰的；冻僵的；冷冻的14．reaction n．(对某一情形或事件的)反应→react v i.做出反应；回应1．endow /I n'daʊ/v t.捐赠；资助be endowed with天生具备2．array /ə're I/n．大量；大群；阵列v t.布置；排列3．thread /θred/n．线；思路；线状物v t.& v i.穿(针)；穿过4．beam /biːm/n．光线；束；梁v i.& v t.照射；发光；发热5．stickiness /'st I kinəs/n．黏性→sticky /'st I ki/adj.黏的；闷热的；难办的6．attribute /'ætr I bjuːt/n．属性；性质；特征/ə'tr I bjuːt/v t.把……归因于；认为是……所为7．forth /fɔːθ/ad v.向前；离去call forth使产生；引起8．circulate /'sɜːkjəle I t/v i.& v t.循环；传播9．evaporate /I'væpəre I t/v i.& v t.(使)蒸发；挥发10．moisture /'mɔI stʃə(r)/n．潮气；水汽；水分Ⅳ.背核心短语1．flow chart流程图，作业图2．kill two birds with one stone一举两得，一箭双雕3．hold your horses慢点，别急4．rain cats and dogs下倾盆大雨5．brave the elements不顾天气恶劣，冒着风雨6．after all毕竟，终究7．manage to do sth成功做某事8．the solution to...……的解决办法9．at a speed of以……的速度10．show respect to尊重11．cut down 砍倒；减少12．feed on以……为食13．concentrate on把注意力集中于，全神贯注于14．fall off从……掉下来15．recover from从……恢复16．from time to time不时，偶尔Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．The solution to the mystery of the monarch’s amazing ability comes at a time when it is in serious trouble.(when引导定语从句)黑脉金斑蝶这一惊人能力的奥秘被揭开时，这一生物正处于水深火热的生存状态中。
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