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2005年生物高考试题大全（12套word版)1、文理综合（辽宁卷)19、A和a为控制果蝇体色的一对等位基因，只存在于X染色体上。
在细胞分裂过程中，发生该等位基因分离的细胞是( ）A、初级精母细胞B、精原细胞C、初级卵母细胞D、卵原细胞20、关于人体内蛋白质的叙述，错误．．的是（ )A、合成蛋白质的氨基酸全部为必需氨基酸B、蛋白质也可被氧化分解释放能量C、组成肌肉细胞的有机物中蛋白质含量最多D、有些蛋白质具有调节新陈代谢的作用21、可以说明生态系统具有自动调节能力的简化实例是（）A、食草动物数量增加，导致植物数量减少，从而引起食草动物数量增长受到抑制B、豆科植物供给根瘤菌有机养料，并从根瘤菌获得含氮养料C、山区植被遭到破坏后造成水土流失D、废弃耕地上杂草丛生22．．A、6个亲本都是杂合体B、抗病对感病为显性C、红种皮对白种皮为显性D、这两对性状自由组合23、取正常小鼠，每天饲喂一定量的甲状腺激素，3周后,该小鼠（）A、新陈代谢增强,促甲状腺激素含量增加B、新陈代谢增强，促甲状腺激素含量减少C、新陈代谢减弱，促甲状腺激素含量增加D、新陈代谢减弱,促甲状腺激素含量减少24、下列关于植物蒸腾作用的叙述，正确的是（）A、没有蒸腾作用，根系就不能吸收水分B、没有蒸腾作用，根系就不能吸收矿质元素C、蒸腾作用散失水分引起根系吸水,是消耗ATP的过程D、蒸腾作用有利于水分在导管内的运输38、（14分)请填空回答下列问题：（1）植物细胞中有多种细胞器,在光照下能够释放氧气的细胞器是⑨；在黑暗中能够消耗氧气，产生ATP的细胞器是⑩（2）植物叶绿体色素分布在错误!上，其吸收的光能，在光合作用的错误!阶段能够转化为化学能并储存在ATP中，ATP在错误!阶段参与三碳化合物的还原。
（3）生物的遗传信息储存在基因的错误!之中。
生物体内基因控制蛋白质的合成要经过错误!和错误!两个阶段。
(4)在实验条件下，刺激一条离体神经纤维中间段的某处、所产生兴奋的传导方向是错误!。
13.南京大学2005年ⅠVocabularyPart ADirections: In questions 1 - 15, each sentence has an underlined word. Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases, marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one word or phrase that best matches the underlined word. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.1. Scientific evidence from different disciplines demonstrates that in most humans the left half of the brain controls language.A. fields of studyB. groups of expertsC. seminarsD. regulations2. Your analogy was not a good one because the two situations are not similar.A. comparisonB. categorizationC. classificationD. cognition3. Until she was 11 years old, Elizabeth Barrett Browning was confined to her home by her tyrannical father.A. constrictedB. drawnC. tiedD. restricted4. The conquerors stole not only the gold and silver that were needed to replenish the badly depleted treasure but also the supplies that were vital to the nation.A. substituteB. recollectC. restockD. resume5. Human population growth is a menace to nonhuman life forms on our planet.A. hindranceB. misfortuneC. catastropheD. threat6. Project Hond Start which was inaugurated in the United States in 1965 is a federally funded preschool for economically and culturally disadvantaged children.A. initiatedB. celebratedC. installedD. proposed7. The editorial described drug abuse as the greatest calamity of our age.A. catalystB. disasterC. casualtyD. retaliation8. Our hospital has an affiliation with the medical school of the City University.A. organizationB. administriationC. connectionD. cooperation9. Whenever be goes, he readily accommodates to new circumstances.A. finds a lodging inB. makes a close study ofC. provides lodging forD. adapts himself to10. The scholar discoursed at great lengths on the unconventional poetic style of Walter Whitman, the 19th century American poet.A. indicatedB. conversedC. fabricatedD. repudiated11. Even after ten years her name conjures up such beautiful memories.A. covers upB. revealsC. brings to mindD. makes up12. Students learning about how life began on Earth may be presented with the perplexing question, "Which came first, the chicken or the egg?"A. pressingB. puzzlingC. patronizingD. penetrating13. Many of his arguments have no pertinence to the subject under discussion.A. significanceB. valueC. enlightenmentD. relevance14. The family was too obstinate to evacuate the house when the flood began.A. scaredB. stubbornC. secureD. cautious15. The new administration will adopt a policy of laissez-faire toward industry.A. encouragementB. limitationC. noninterferenceD. interferencePart BDirections: In questions 16 - 30, each sentence had four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are markede by A, B, C, and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answerSheet.16. Satellite technology (means) (that people) can watch the same TV programs in (other) parts of the world (like) in America.A. meansB. that peopleC. otherD. like in17. (Depictions) of animals and hunting scenes (can found) (in) the prehistoric cave paintings of (nearly every) continent.A. DepictionsB. can foundC. inD. nearly every18. Perhaps the most typically American (types) of feature movie, the western, (has been) a resurgence (in) popularity (in recent years).A. typesB. has beenC. inD. in recent years19. The groundhog comes (out its) burrow (after) hibernating (through) winter, and wanders about the prairie (looking) for food.A. out itsB. afterC. throughD. looking20. The immune system (protects) the body (by) recognizing and destroying (abnormally) or foreign cells, as well as (providing) antibodies to fight bacteria.A. protectsB. byC. abnormallyD. providing21. Public health experts say that (the) money one spends (avoiding) illness is (less) than the cost (to be) sick.A. theB. avoidingC. lessD. to be22. Crustaceans, (alike) insects, are invertebrate animals (that) (possess) external (skeletons).A. alikeB. thatC. possessD. skeletons23. D.W. Griffith, (directing) and producing his own silent movies, (achieving) great popularity (and was) a pioneer of (modern) cinema.A. directingB. achievingC. and wasD. modern24. Cheap labor (scarcity was) in the cotton plantations (of the) American South, and (slaves) became (standard) practice.A. scarcityB. of theC. slavesD. standard25. A pacifist is a person (with) a deeply (hold) belief (in solving) disputes only (via) peaceful means.A. withB. holdC. in solvingD. via26. (In) the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians (lived) in the Northern Hemisphere grew (their) crops on river bottom (lands).A. InB. livedC. theirD. lands27. (The) number of leprosy cases around the world (has been) cut (of) ninety (percent) during the past ten years.A. TheB. has beenC. ofD. percent28. (In) the same way that (news services) have changed (since) the invention of television. So(does) entertainment.A. InB. news servicesC. sinceD. does29. Some (research) suggests (what) there is a (link between) the body's calcium balance (and) tooth decay.A. researchB. whatC. link betweenD. and30. The ozone layer (must be protected) because (it) shields the Earth (from) excessive ultra-vilolet (radiations).A. must protectedB. itC. fromD. radiationsPart CDirections:For each blank for questions 31 -40 in the following passage, choose the best answer from the choices given following the passage. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.When television first began to expand, very few of the people who had become famous as radio commentators (31) effective on television. Some of the difficulties they experienced when they were trying to (32) themselves to the new medium (33) When working (34) radio for example, they hadbecome (35) to seeing on behalf of the listener. This art of seeing for others means that the commentator had to be very good at taling. (36) all he has to be able to create a continuous sequence of visual images which add meaning to the sounds which the listener hears. In the case of television, however, the commentator sees everything with the viewer. His role, (37) is completely different. He is there to make sure that the viewer does not miss some point of interest, to help him focus on particular things, and (38) the images on the television screen. Unlike his radio colleague, he (39) know the value of silence and how to use it at those moments (40) the pictures speak for themselves.31. A. were able to be equally B. were able to be equalC. were able being equallyD. were able to be equal32. A. turn B. adapt C. alter D. modify33. A. was technical B. was technicallyC. were technicalD. were technically34. A. on B. at C. with D. behind35. A. experienced B. determined C. established D. accustomed36. A. After B. Above C. Of D. In37. A. however B. after all C. therefore D. in effect38. A. exhibit B. demonstrate C. expose D. interpret39. A. should B. must C. can D. would40. A. if B. when C. which D. asSection ⅡReading ComprehensionDirections: In this section you will read four passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. For questions 41 - 70, you are to choose the best answer from A, B, C, or D to each question. Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.Passage OneAs individuals, we are inherently more bruited than a community. Although we can consult books and friends and critics, in the end we are limited to our own single perspectives. We are only one person--looking at the world from one place, one history, one pattern of knowing.A community, on the other hand can see things through many eyes, many histories, many ways of knowing. The question is whether it dismisses or creatively makes use of and integrates that diversity.Communities are wise to the extent they use diversity well. The wisest know that every viewpoint represents a part of the truth and that it is through the cooperative creative interplay of the viewpoints that the wisest, most comprehensive and powerful truths emerge. So they engage in that interplay, that dialogue--a creative controversy or consensus process that winds its way to wise public judgment.The best government is that government which enables communities to do this--to nurture and utilizes their wisdom and resources--especially their diversity--in such a way that they require less and less government.A community that can manage itself in a wise and sustainable manner is one that has mastered democracy. They know they can't depend on leaders to do things for them. They know that democratic citizens and leaders work best in partnership with each other, co-creating each other's power. They know that leaders work must be seen as living extensions of their own will and wisdom, which must be kept active. They know that passive "followership" abandons leaders, deprives them of the wisdom and creativity of the community, and opens them up to the corruptions of alienated power. A democratic community grows beyond dependence and paternalism. In a sense, the more democratic a society is, the more it has "come of age". Movements for democracy might even be seen as the maturation process of a culture. A mature society knows how to handle itself in dynamic context with others, drawing on its inner resources (its diverse members) and relating responsively and creatively with its environment.41. The writer believes that individuals ______.A. are inevitably more narrow-minded and less resourcefulB. are able to develop lasting friendship within a limited circleC. can focus on one history or one aspect of knowledgeD. must decide whether or not to take advantage of the diversity42. The writer compares individuals and communities in order to ______.A. argue that communities are wiser than individualsB. criticize community's lack of friendliness and perspectiveC. prove that each has its own merits and advantagesD. show how community wisdom comes from individuals43. According to the passage, the best truth comes when ______.A. all different communities are equally smartB. the wisest men are chosen to stand for the whole communityC. people of various opinions work together in a productive wayD. people hold debates and put on plays to find out the wise judgment44. It can be concluded that the best goverment is one ______.A. that guides communities to make wise judgmentB. that encourages communities to work for the governmentC. that makes use of community's wisdom and diversity to perform its functionD. that leaves governing to the wisdom of communities and governs least45. According to the passage, in a democratic society ______.A. collective wisdom is employed in the management of the communityB. government is regarded as useless and unnecessaryC. leaders must be powerful and wise enough to guide peopleD. people are allowed to do whatever they want to do46. In the last paragraph, the phrase "come of age" is closest in meaning to ______.A. arrival of a new timeB. reaching maturationC. being advancedD. catching up with the trendPassage TwoMost new words are made up from other earlier words; language-making is a conservative process, wasting little. When new words unfold out of old ones, the original meaning usually hangs around like an unrecognizable scent, a sort of secret.There are two immense words from Indo-European, gene and bheu, each a virtual anthill in itself, from which we have constructed the notion Of everything. At the beginning or as far back as they are traceable, they meant something like being. Gene signified beginning, giving birth, while bheu indicated existence and growth. Gene turned itself successively into kund jaz (Germanic) and gecynd (Old English), meaning kin or kind. Kind was at first a family connection, later an elevated social rank, and finally came to rest meaning kindly or gentle. Meanwhile, a branch of gene became the Latin gens which emerged as genus, genius, genital, and generous; then still holding on to its inner significance it became "nature" (out of gnasci).While gene was evolving into "nasture" and "kind" bheu was moving through similar transformations. One branch became the English word "build". It also moved into Greek, as phuein, meaning to bring forth and make grow; then as phusis, which was another word for nature. Phusis became the source of physic which at first meant natural science and later was the word for medicine. Still later, physic became physics.Both words, at today's stage of their evolution, can be taken together to mean, literally, everything in the universe. You do not come by words like this easily; they cannot just be made up from scratch. They need long lives before they can signify. "Everyting," C. S. Lewis observed in a discussion of the words, "is a subject on which there is not much to be said." The words themselves must show the internal marks of long use; they mustcontain their own inner conversation.47. The passage is mainly concerned with ______.A. how to coin new wordsB. where to trace the origin of languageC. the evolution of wordsD. language and nature48. When a new word is formed from an old one ______.A. the original meaning of the old dies outB. it is hard to know the secret of the development of the wordC. the new word carries with itself some of the original meaningD. the meaning of the new word is often confusing49. Why does the writer say "gene" and "bheu" are immense words?A. Because they are rich in meaning.B. Because they come from a very old language.C. Beacuse they remind us of anthill.D. Because they mean beginning and birth.50. The word "gene" develops into the following meaings and words EXCEPT ______.A. beginningB. growthC. generousD. gentlePassage ThreeTraditionally, the study of history has had fixed boundaries and focal points—perious, countries, dramatic events, and great leaders. It has also had clear and firm notions of scholarly procedure: how one inquires into a historical problem, how one presents and documents one's findings, what constitutes admissible and adequate proof.Anyone who has followed recent historical literature, can testify to the revolution that is taking place in historical studies. The currently fashionable subjetcs come directly from the sociology catalog: childhood, work, leisure. The new subjects are accompanied by new methods. Where history once was primarily narrative, it is now entirely analytic. The old questions "What happened?" and "How did it happen?" have given way to the question "Why did it happen?" Prominent among the methods used to answer the question "Why" is psychoanalysis, and its use has given rise to psychohistory.Psychohistory does not merely use psychological explanations in historical context. Historians have always used such explanations when they were appropriate and when there was sufficient evidence for them. But this practical use of psychology is not what psychohistorians intend. They are committed not just to psychology in general, but to Frendian psychoanalysis. This commitment precludes a commitment history as historians have always understood it. Psychohistory derives its "facts" not from history, the detailed records of events and their consequences, but from psychoanalysis of the individuals who made history, and deduces its theories not from this or that instance in their lives, but from a view of human nature that transcends history. It denies the basic criterion of historical evidence that evidence be publicly accessible to, and therefore assessable by, all historians. And it violates the basic tenet of historical method: that historians be alert to the negative instances that would refute their rightness of their theses. Psychohisotrians, convinced of the absolute rightness of their own theories, are also convinced that theirs is the "deepest" explanation of any event, that other explanations fall short of the truth.Psychohistory is not content to violate the discipline of history (in the sense of the proper mode of studying and writing about the past); ii also violates the past itself. It denies to the past an integrity and will of its own, in which people acted out of a variety of motives and in which events had a multiplicity of causes and effects. It imposes upon the past the same determinism that it imposes upon the present, thus robbing people and events of their individuality and of their complexity, Instead of respecting the particularity of the past, it assimilates all events, past and present, into a single deterministic schema that is presumed to be true at all times and in allcircum stances.51. Which of the following best states the main point of the passage?A. The approach of psychohistorians to historical study is currently popular even though it lacks the rigor and verifiability of traditional historical method.B. Traditional historians can benefit from studying the techniques and findings of psychohistorians.C. Areas of sociological study such as childhood and word are of little interest to traditional historians.D. The psychological assessment of an individual's behavior and attitudes is more informative than the details of his or her daily life.52. It can be inferred from the passage that one way in which traditional history can be distinguished from psychohistory is that traditional history usually ______.A. views past events as complex and having their own individualityB. relies on a single interpretation of human behavior to explain historical eventsC. interprets historical events in such a way that their specific nature is transcendedD. turns to psychological explanations in historical contexts to account for events53. The author mentions which of the following as a characteristic of the practice of psychohistorians?A. The lives of historical figures are presented in episodic rather than narrative form.B. Archives used by psychohistorians to gather material are not accessible to other scholars.C. Past and current events are all placed within the same deterministic schema.D. Events in the adult life of a historical figure are seen to be more consequential than are those in the childhood of the figure.54. It can be inferred from the passage that the methods used by psyehohistorians probably prevent them from ______.A. producing a one-sided picture of an individual's personality and motivationB. uncovering alternative explanations that might cause them to question their own conclusionsC. offering a consistent interpretation of the impact of personality on historical eventsD. recognizing connections between a government's political actions and the aspirations of government leaders55. In presenting her analysis, the author does all of the following EXCEPT ______.A. describe some of the criteria employed by traditional historiansB. question the adequacy of the psychohistorians' interpretation of eventsC. point out inconsistencies in the psychohistorians' application if their methodsD. contrast the underlying assumptions of psychohistorians with those of traditional historians.Passage FourDearest Scottie:I don't think I will be writing letters many more years and I wish you would read this letter twice--bitter as it may seem. You will reject it now, but at a later period some of it may come back to you as truth. When I'm talking to you, you think of me as an older person, an "authority," and when I speak of my own youth what I say becomes unreal to you--for the young can't believe in the youth of their fathers. But perhaps this little bit will be understandable if I put it in writing.When I was your age I lived with a great dream. The dream grew and I learned how to speak of it and make people listen. Then the dream divided one day when I decided to marry your mother after all, even though I knew she was spoiled and meant no good to me. I was sorry immediately I had married her but, being patient in those days, made the best of it and got to love her in another way. Yor came along and for a long time we made quite a lot of happiness out of our lives. But I was a man divided-- she wanted me to work too much for her and not enough for my dream. She realized too late that work was dignity, and the only dignity, and tried to atone for it by working herself, but it was too late and she broke and is broken forever.……The mistake I made was in marrying her. We belonged to different worlds--she might have been happy with a kind simple man in a southern garden. She didn't have the strength for the big stage-- sometimes she pretended, and pretended beautifully, but she didn't have it. She was soft when she should have been hard, and hard when she should have been yielding. She never knew how to use her energies--she's passed that failling onto you.For a long time I hated her mother for giving her nothing in the line of good habit-- nothing but "getting by" and conceit. I never wanted to see again in this world women who were brought up as idlers. And one of my chief desires in life was to keep you from being that kind of persons, one who brings ruin to themselves and others. When you began to show disturbing signs at about fourteen, I comforted myself with the idea that you were too precocious socially and a strict school would fix things. But sometimes I think that idlers seem to be a special class for whom nothing can be planned, plead as one will with them--their only contribution to the human family is to warm a seat at the common table.……56. Why does the father talk about his youth in the form of writing a letter?A. Because the father decides that he won't write any letters in the future.B. Because the written letter appears more authoritative and formal.C. Because the father intends his daughter to find the truth hidden in the letter by carefully reading it.D. Because the father views this as a better way for his daughter to know him.57. How did the marriage affect the father's ambition?A. Ever since his marriage, the father could not speak to people any more.B. His mismatched marriage exerted a negative effect on his dream and career.C. Dissatisfied with the marriage, the father worked harder to fulfill his dream.D. Taking too much care of the sick mother, the father had little time to work for his dream.58. In the eyes of the father, the mother should ______.A. settle for a quiet and peacefull life instead of having a high aspirationB. work for herself and gain dignity by great achievementC. know her power and learn to be strongD. never give up her energy nor yield to failure59. It can be inferred that the father disapproves of idlers because ______.A. these idlers are proud for no good reasonB. these idlers need special care from their parentsC. idleness is destructive to lifeD. the idle person cannot be a bread earner in the family60. Which of the following statements does the letter justify?A. The father explained his reason why he divorced his wife.B. Daughter was rebellious because of lack of family love.C. The birth of the daughter brought happiness to the family.D. The father was upset that his daughter was an idler.Section ⅢTranslationPart ADirections: Put the following passages into Chinese.1. Academic circles had long recognized that regulatory agencies were often "captured" by a regulated industry. The public would become aroused by the revelation of an abuse in a certain industry and a regulatory agency would be created, staffed initially by people responsive to the public interest, or at least highly critical of the industry. But eventually, public attention would turn to other problems, and only the regulated industry itself would maintain an interest in who was appointed to the agency and what decisions it rendered. In the long run,people sympathetic to the regulated industry would be appointed to the regulatory agency, and rulings would be made in the interest of the industry rather than in the interest of the public.2. In recent years there has been considerable discussion of the relation between science and the humanities. The differences in attitudes are related in part to the different objectives of science and the humanities. In gross terms, one objective of science is to achieve precise and parsimonious statements about the structure and processes of the animate and inanimate world. Ideally, these statements allow us to describe, understand, and predict something about that world. As stated earlier, elegance or aesthetic appeal have their place in the world of the scientist, but these qualities can be expressed in terms of precision and parsimony. A primary objective of the humanities is to enrich the life of the beholder by arousing some sensual experience, emotion, or feeling. Some of these feelings are quite complex and intricate, and need developing an activity that requires a great deal of talent. There are a number of ways in which the humanities and sciences are alike. One of the principal likenesses is the motivations for both groups.Part BDirections: Put the following sentences into English.1．美国在1940年代崛起为军事和经济强国，他们在各个领域的卓越成就让东方人为之神往。
南师大现当代文学考研复试真题2005-2018（缺2012）20051、结合文章对萧红小说《呼兰河传》的评析，谈谈茅盾现代作家作品研究的基本特点。
2、根据文章观点的提出、分析问题的思路，及其语言特点等方面，简述茅盾文学评论的写作方式。
3、针对文章的内容，请做出自己的评价，及其它在20世纪萧红小说研究中的意义。
文章茅盾《（呼兰河传）序》一 今年四月，第三次到香港，我是带着几分感伤的心情的。
从我在重庆决定了要绕这么一个圈子回上海的时候起，我的心怀总有点儿矛盾和抑悒，——我决定了这么走，可又怕这么走，我怕香港会引起我的一些回忆，而这些回忆我是愿意忘却的，不过，我忘却之前，我又极愿意再温习一遍。
在广州先住了一个月，生活相当忙乱；因为忙乱，倒也压住了怀旧之感，然而，想要温习一遍然后忘却的意念却也始终不曾抛开，我打算到九龙太子道看一看我第一次寓居香港的房子，看一看我的女孩子那时喜欢约了女伴们去游玩的蝴蝶谷，找一找我的男孩子那时专心致意收集来的一些美国出版的连环图画，也想看一看香港坚尼地道我第二次寓居香港时的房子，“一二·八”香港战争爆发后我们“避难”的那家“跳舞学校”（在轩尼诗道），而特别想看一看的，是萧红的坟墓──在浅水湾。
我把这些愿望放在心里，略有空闲，这些心愿就来困扰我了，然而我始终提不起这份勇气，还这些未了的心愿，直到离开香港，九龙是没有去，浅水湾也没有去；我实在常常违反本心似的规避着，常常自己找些借口来拖延，虽然我没有说过我有这样的打算，也没有人催促我快还这些心愿。
二十多年来，我也颇经历了一些人生的甜酸苦辣，如果有使我愤怒也不是，悲痛也不是，沉甸甸地老压在心上，因而愿意忘却，但又不忍轻易忘却的，莫过于太早的死和寂寞的死。
为了追求真理而牺牲了童年的欢乐，为了要把自己造成一个对民族对社会有用的人而甘愿苦苦地学习，可是正当学习完成的时候却忽然死了，像一颗未出膛的枪弹，这比在战斗中倒下，给人以不知如何的感慨，似乎不是单纯的悲痛或惋惜所可形容的。
2005-2010南京师范大学教学设计考研真题南京师范大学2005年硕士研究生招生入学考试初试试卷（教学设计A）一、辨析题（判断下列描述的正误，并说明理由，每题6分，共30分）1．行为主义理论学派主张用客观的方法研究客观的行为，学习的本质是行为的变化，即学习活动发生后，学习者要有可观察、可测量的外在变化。
2．具有场独立认知风格的学习者在认知活动中，一般会主动对外界信息进行加工，倾向于以外在参照作为信息加工依据，因此他们的知觉易受错综复杂的背景影响。
3．根据奥苏伯尔的同化论，学习者在学习一段语言或文字符号的材料后，在他的头脑中留下的是这段材料表达的意义，而不是语言或文字符号本身。
4．在现实生活中，儿童由于经常使用碗来盛饭菜，逐渐出现了碗是一种有特定形状和功能的器皿，从而正确分辨出碗，这表明儿童形成了关于碗的定义概念。
5．根据马斯洛的需要层次理论，人类最高级的需要是自我实现，既是自己为自己所认可。
二、比较题（比较下述概念的异同，每题8分，共40分）1．态度与品德2．传递-接受程序与引导发现程序3．陈述性知识与程序性知识4．偶然学习与有意学习5．诊断性评价、形成性评价与总结性评价三、综合应用题（第一题10分，第2、3题各20分，第4题30分，共80分）1．什么是知觉学习？试列举四中促进知觉学习的技术，并举例说明。
2．分析布鲁姆和加涅的认知学习系统分类的异同？并举例说明它们对编写学习目标的知道作用？3．在进行教学设计的过程中，常常需要考虑煤体的使用，如果要求你向学生介绍“计算机的基本组成”，你会选择使用哪些煤体？陈述你的选择理由。
4．目前，在小学、初中与高中开设的《信息技术》课程中，都有“用计算机制作多媒体作品”这一内容，如果要求你为三个不同阶段的学生进行学习活动的设计，你将如何考虑？请写出你的设计简案。
2006年硕士研究生招生入学考试初试试题一、辨析题（判断下列描述的正误，并说明理由，每题6分，共30分）：1、认知主义理论学派认为，学习是人的倾向或能力的变化，但这种变化要能保持一定时期，且不能单纯归因于生长过程，学习的实质是内在能力或倾向的变化。
生物试卷 第1页 共14页2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试江 苏 省 生 物 学 模 拟 试 题本试卷分第I 卷（选择题）和第II 卷（非选择题）两部分，共150分。
考试用时120分钟。
第I 卷（选择题，共70分）一、单选题：本大题包括26小题，每小题2分，共52分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
1、“人类基因组计划”研究的是存在于 条染色体上的全部遗传信息 A ．22条常染色体B ．22条常染色体+X 染色体C ．22条常染色体+Y 染色体D ．22条常染色体+X+Y2、大多数植物有绒密的根毛，这有利于增大根与土壤的接触面积，有利于吸收水分，但并非所有植物都有根毛。
你认为下列哪一生态环境中的植物常常无根毛或虽有但非常稀少 A ．高山植物 B ．沙漠植物 C ．湖泊植物 D ．森林植物3、乳酸杆菌的遗传信息存在于A ．细胞核B ．细胞核和质粒中C ．DNA 和RNA 分子中D ．DNA 分子中 4、正常人体内的造血干细胞能分裂产生各种血细胞，而体外培养时在某些因素的诱导下，却可以分化为神经细胞和肝细胞。
其根本原因是这些造血干细胞 A ．有旺盛的分裂能力B ．还没有分化C ．能合成神经细胞或肝细胞需要的蛋白质D ．具有与受精卵相同的全套遗传基因5、在肥沃的土壤中，种子萌发所需的矿质元素主要来自A ．土壤B ．种子本身C ．土壤溶液D ．水6、下图表示生物体内的三个生理过程（a 、b 、c ），在此三个过程中，y 代表的物质分别是 A ．激素、抗体、载体 B ．抗体、载体、酶 C ．载体、抗体、酶 D ．维生素、载体、抗体7、下列甲、乙、丙、丁四个图分别表示有关的生物学过程，对其曲线变化的描述中，不正确．．．的是x 进入细胞（a ） x 被消除（b ） x 变成其他物质（c ）xx 与y 结合AB C生物试卷 第2页 共14页A ．甲图B 点时若为茎背光面的生长素浓度，则C 点时不可能为茎向光面的生长素浓度 B ．乙图A 点时，害虫不存在抗药性个体，而B 点时，害虫存在抗药性个体 C ．丙图表示肠脂肪酶受pH 影响的示意图D ．丁图曲线A 点时，人的胰岛A 细胞兴奋性增强，胰岛B 细胞的兴奋性随后增强 8、下列四中曲线能够正确反映种子含水量与种子呼吸作用强度关系的曲线是9、在人体具有的下列一系列生化反应中，缺少酶A 导致丙酮酸尿症（PKU ），缺少酶B 导致尿黑酸尿症（AKU ）。
目录1.05年北师大物理类各方向2.05年长光所3.05年东南大学4.05年中科大5.05年南京大学6.05年华中科大7.05年吉林大学（原子所）8.05年四川大学（原子与分子）9.05年北京理工10.05年河北理工11.05年长春理工北京师范大学2005年招收硕士研究生入学考试试题专业:物理类各专业科目代号:459研究方向:各方向考试科目:量子力学[注意]答案写在答题纸上，写在试题上无效。
1.(20分)一个电子被限制在一维谐振子势场中，活动范围求激发电子到第一激发态所需要的能量（用ev表示）（，，）提示：谐振子能量本征函数可以写成2.（30分）一个电子被限制在二维各向同性谐振子势场中（特征频率为）。
（1）写出其哈密顿量，利用一维谐振子能级公式找到此电子的能级公式和简并度。
（2）请推导电子的径向运动方程。
并讨论其在时的渐近解。
提示：极坐标下3．（50分）两个质量为的粒子，被禁闭在特征频率为的一维谐振子势场中，彼此无相互作用（此题中波函数无须写出具体形式）：（1）如果两个粒子无自旋可分辨，写出系统的基态（两个都在自己的基态）和第一激发能级（即一个在基态，另一个在第一激发态）的波函数和能量（注意简并情形）。
（10分）（2）如果两个粒子是不可分辨的无自旋波色子，写出系统的基态和第一激发态的能量和波函数。
如果粒子间互作用势为，计算基态能级到一级微扰项。
（15分）（3分）如果两个粒子是不可分辨的自旋1/2粒子，写出基态能级和波函数（考虑自旋）。
如果粒子间互作用能为，计算基态能量。
（15分）（4）同（3），解除势阱，两个粒子以左一右飞出。
有两个探测器分别（同时）测量它们的y方向自旋角动量。
请问测量结果为两电子自旋反向的几率是多少？（10分）4．（30分）中心力场中电子自旋与轨道角动量存在耦合能。
总角动量，是的共同本征态。
现有一电子处于态，且。
（1）在一基近似下，可用代替，请问电子的能量与态差多少？（2）请计算该电子产生的平均磁矩，并由此计算在z方向均匀磁场B中电子的能量改变多少？（），当，，当，5．（20分）一个定域（空间位置不动）的电子（自旋1/2）处于z方向强磁场中。
南师大2013硕士研究生入学考试生物化学1、在细胞内蛋白质合成过程中，就某一种AA而言，只有与其对应的唯一一种tRNA负责其转运。
2、新合成的多肽链中用于指导Pr跨膜转运（定位）的信号肽总是位于AA序列的N端。
3、糖异生作用是由简单的非糖前体转变为糖的过程，此过程是糖酵解各反应步骤的逆转。
4、底物水平磷酸化与电子的传递链无关。
5、具有反竞争性抑制作用的抑制剂只与酶-底物复合物结合而不与游离的酶结合，这种抑制使Km和Vmax都变小但Vmax/Km不变。
+6、脑磷脂是磷脂酰与胆碱形成的复合物。
-7、催化一个代谢途径中前面反应的酶受到同一途径终产物抑制的现象称为反馈抑制，但只有少数代谢途径采取这种调控方式进行调节。
8、冈崎片段是在DNA滞后链的连续合成期间生成的，这是Okazaki在DNA合成实验中添加放射性脱氧核苷酸前体观察到的。
9、在转录过程中，RNA聚合酶与模板结合，并沿着模板的3’-5’方向移动，按照5’-3’方向催化RNA的合成。
10、辅基是与酶蛋白非共价结合的金属离子或有机化合物，用透析法可以除去。
辅基在整个酶促反应过程中始终与酶的特定部位结合。
1、下面关于酶的活性中心叙述，正确的是A、所有的酶都有活性中心B、所有酶的活性中心都含有辅酶C、酶的必须基团都位于活性中心之内D、所有酶的活性中心都含有金属离子2、糖原合成葡萄糖的供体是A、ADP-GB、CDP-GC、UDP-GD、1-磷酸酸葡萄糖3、鸟氨酸循环合成尿素过程中一个氨由氨基甲酸磷酸提供，另一个氨来源于A、游离氨B、谷氨酰胺C、安甲酸磷酸D、天冬氨酸4、下列与DNA解链无关的是？A、单链DNA结合蛋白B、DNA解旋酶C、DNA旋转酶D、DNA酶5、鞘酯类的母体化合物是A、磷脂B、唾液酸C、神经酰胺D、鞘氨醇6、已知鱼藤酮是一种杀虫剂，其杀虫机理在于抑制A、线粒体呼吸链复合物ⅠB、线粒体呼吸链复合物ⅡC、线粒体呼吸链复合物ⅢD、线粒体ATP合酶7、高效液相色谱是一项快速灵敏高效的分离技术，该技术课用于A、分配柱层析B、离子交换层析C、吸附柱层析D、上述各种柱层析均可8、某组织提取液中提纯一种酶，最理想的是酶制品的A、蛋白质含量最高B、活力单位数最高C、比活力最高D、Km值最低9、青霉素的抗菌作用主要通过A、抑制细胞膜合成B、抑制细胞壁合成C、干扰DNA合成D、破坏其内酰胺环10、两种不同碱基交替排列合成的多聚核苷酸，经转译后课生成A、两种多肽，每种多肽含一种类型的氨基酸B、由两种氨基酸交替排列组成的多肽C、三种多肽，每种多肽含一种类型的氨基酸D、三种多肽，这三种多肽都有两种氨基酸交替排列组成1、TCA第一步是由经草酰乙酸缩合形成2、PCR是扩增样品中的DNA量和富集众多DNA分子中的一个特定的DNA序列的一种技术。
年份：2021年科目：852一：名词解释〔10*5分〕1.径流模数2.风化作用3.生态幅4.垂直带性分异5.离堆山6.气候系统7.太阳常数8.地壳均衡9.河流侵蚀基准面10.生物小循环二：简答题〔6*10分〕1.自然区划发生统一性原那么2.土壤发育的气候因素，分别作简要介绍3.地层接触关系可以分为哪几类，分别作简要介绍4.粉砂淤泥质海岸的形成及其构造5.海洋对地理环境的影响三：论述题〔2*20分〕1．阐述大气获得能量的途径2.从地球系统圈层相互作用的角度，论述中国三大自然区域在成因上的联系。
年份：2021 科目：860一：名词解释〔7*5分〕1.焚风2.大气逆辐射3.净初级生产量4.气溶胶 4.地域分异规律 6.生物多样性二：简答题〔5*15分〕1.板块边界的三种类型2.地球表层系统的构造3.海洋对气候系统中能量的影响有哪些方面4.简述土壤圈与大气圈、水圈、生物圈、岩石圈之间存在哪些物质循环与能量的流动5.地球部动力因素对地表环境的影响主要表现在哪些方面三：论述题〔2*20分〕1.综合运用自然地理学及相关学科的理论与知识分析大面积砍伐森林对地球系统会产生哪些影响，为什么？2.试述中国西北干旱区的主要自然地理特征年份：2021年科目：844一：名词解释〔6*5分〕1.峡湾2.离堆山3.海浪的折射4.太阳常数5.限制因子6.地质大循环二：简答题〔4*15分〕1.泥石流形成的条件2.气候系统由哪些成分组成，一般把气候系统的特性概括为哪几种3.径流形成和集流过程可以分为哪几个特征时段，做简要阐述4.简述19世纪末俄国土壤学家道库恰耶夫的西成图因素说三：读图分析20分（1）如图1所示：监测数据显示，从亚马河流域中注入大西洋的由化学风化产生的离子总量为100%，其中的80%来自于占流域总面积10%的河流上游的安第斯山脉，而占流域总面积90%的流域低地的热带雨林仅占总量的20%，请运用自然地理学知识与理论，对这一检测结果进展分析。
南京师范大学2005年现代汉语试题
一.名词解释：20分
音节词语的基本义和引申义连动式借代
二.60分
1.给几个词语注音10分：
民族昌盛阿姨（还有两个不记得了）
2.在一组词里找连绵词：10分（只记得答案有葡萄烂漫崎岖：）不记得了）
3.用层次分析短语：10分
统一祖国是我们的愿望
我的哥哥和姐姐的三个朋友
4.复句分析10分
（1）不大记得了哦，呵呵，好象是个并列关系的
（2）不记得了
（3）不是鱼死，就是网破。
5.指造字法：10分
裹松车刃见
6.指短语的结构方式：10分
拿刀切菜派他去是朋友（还有两个不记得了）
三.问答题40分
1.不记得
2.举例说明兼语句与主谓短语做宾句的区别
3.根据以下几组词语来分析反义词的形成基础：
好/坏浅/大高/不高伟大/渺小
4.简述修辞和语音的关系。
四.论述30分（根据报考方向三题选两个做）
1.举例说明义素分析法的步骤
2.论述转换分析法的来源和分析方法
3.论述“被”字句，并要求指出被子句的限制。
（题目好象不是这么说的，但就是黄本现代汉语里讲被子句把字句那一节的内容，黄本列了（1234）的那几个就是答案）。
植物学（A）答案一 名词解释（每小题2分，共16分）1.细胞周期：指细胞从前一次分裂结束起到下一次分裂结束为止的活动过程。
2.抗原：指一种能刺激人或动物机体产生抗体或致敏淋巴细胞，并能与这些产物在体内或体外发生特异性反应的物质。
3.组织：由形态相似、功能相同的一群细胞和细胞间质组合起来，称为组织。
4.内稳态：生物体能够随着外界条件的改变而发生相应的调整活动，以保持内部环境的稳定，这种内部环境稳定不变的状态即内稳态。
5.反射弧：从接受刺激到发生反应的全部神经传导途径。
6.细胞免疫：T细胞受到抗原刺激后，分化、增殖、转化为致敏T细胞，当相同抗原再次进入机体，致敏T细胞对抗原的直接杀伤作用及致敏T细胞所释放的细胞因子的协同杀伤作用，统称为细胞免疫。
7.物理感受器：感受接触、压力、光、声、热等物理性刺激的感受器官。
8.领地：动物在其生活领域内占有一块土地或空间，作为个体或集体的生活、繁殖场所。
二 填空题（每小空1分，共30分）1.需要载体、需要能量2.组成作用、分解作用3.葡萄糖、果糖、淀粉、纤维素、糖元4.磷脂、胆固醇、糖脂5.种皮、胚、胚乳6.桥粒、紧密连接、间隙连接7.横纹肌、平滑肌、心肌8.食管、胃、小肠、大肠、直肠9.轴突、树突10.卵生、胎生三 选择题（每小题1分，共10分）1.D2.D3.D4.C5.D6.D7.D8.A9.C 10.C四 问答题（共44分）1.（1）呼吸链中的传氢体和电子传递体是间隔交替排列的。
且在线粒体内膜中都有特定的位置，催化作用是定向的。
（2）传氢体有氢泵的作用，当传氢体体从内膜内侧接受从底物传来的氢后，可将其中的电子传给其后的电子传递体，而把两个H+泵出内膜。
（3）内膜对H+不能自由通过。
泵出的膜外侧的H+不能自由返回膜内侧，造成H+浓度的跨膜梯度，包含的能量可驱使ADP和Pi生成ATP。
（4）H+通过ATP合成酶上的途径返回至基质，使质子发生逆向回流。
（8分）2.剥掉树皮，损坏了形成层和韧皮部，韧皮部不能再生，有机物运输系统完全中断，根系得不到从叶运来的有机营养而逐渐衰亡。
南京师范大学2005年普通心理学试题及参考答案一、判断题1．各种感觉的韦伯分数在中等强度范围内才正确。
2．色觉三色指红绿黄。
3．为了便于记忆而将信息加工组织的技巧为记忆术。
4．人在言语风格上的差别很能表现人的个性差异。
5．斯皮尔曼的二因素说指液态智力和晶态智力。
二、名词解释1．内抑制2．韦伯定律3．临界闪光频率4．自上而下加工5．人工概念三、简答题1．格式塔心理学家关于环境的理论。
2．简评马斯洛需要理论。
四、论述题1．举例说明情绪与认知的关系。
2．用巴甫洛夫的神经类型说明气质的生理机制。
[参考答案]一、判断题1．(F)2．(F)3．(F)4．(F)5．(F)二、名词解释1．是指在神经系统的发展中，皮质对皮下组织的控制和调节。
内抑制技能的发展是大脑皮质技能发展的重要标志之一。
它既可使反射活动更加精确、更加完善，又可使脑细胞受到必要的保护，因而是儿童认识外界事物和调节控制自身行为的生理前提。
2．19世纪德国物理学家兼生理学家韦伯曾系统研究了触觉的差别阈限，确定了刚刚能引起差别感觉的最小刺激量，发现对刺激物的差别感觉取决于刺激物的增量与原刺激量的比值。
这就是韦伯定律。
韦伯定律可以用以下的公式来表示，K＝△I/I，其中，I代表标准刺激的强度或原刺激量，△I代表引起差别感觉的刺激增量，K为常数。
对不同感觉来说，K的数值是不同的，即韦伯分数不同。
根据韦伯分数的大小，可以判断某种感觉的敏锐程度。
韦伯分数越小，感觉越敏锐。
韦伯定律虽然揭示了感觉的某些规律，但它只适用于刺激的中等强度。
刺激过弱或过强，比值都会发生变化。
3．连续的闪光由于频率增加，人们会得到融合的感觉，这种现象叫闪光融合。
刚刚能引起融合感觉的刺激的最小频率，叫闪光融合临界频率，也叫闪烁临界频率或临界闪光频率。
它体现了视觉系统分辨时间能力的极限。
不同视觉感受器在不同的刺激条件下，临界闪光频率不同。
4．知觉的产生不仅需要具体的客观对象，还要借助于感知主体过去的经验和知识。
2005年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江苏卷）生物试题第一卷（选择题，共70分）一、选择题：本题包括26小题，每小题2分，共52分。
每小题只有一个．．．．选项最符合题意。
1．下列物质中，不．在核糖体上合成的是（）A．麦芽糖酶B．核糖核酸C．胰岛素D．载体蛋白2．下列各项中，包含非生物因素的是（）A．种群B．群落C．生态系统D．物种3．夏季中午强烈的阳光会导致植物气孔关闭。
此时，下列植物中光合作用强度最高的是（）A．高梁B．水稻C．大豆D．小麦4．将下列细胞或细胞器置于蒸馏水中，不．会破裂的是（）A．红细胞B．叶绿体C．线粒体D．洋葱表皮细胞5．蔬菜和水果长时间储藏、保鲜所需要的条件应为（）A．低温、干燥、低氧B．低温、湿度适中、低氧C．高温、干燥、高氧D．高温、湿度适中、高氧6．根据生长素的生理作用判断，生长素类似物不．能用于（）A．促进月季插枝生根B．棉花的保蕾保铃C．人工培育无籽辣椒D．促进香蕉成熟7．人体内糖类代谢的中间产物可通过转氨基作用生成（）A．丙氨酸B．赖氨酸C．脂肪酸D．核苷酸8．下图表示某种植物光照强度与光合作用强度的关系。
P点的生物学含义是（）A．无光合作用，有呼吸作用Array B．光合作用与呼吸作用达到动态平衡C．无呼吸作用，有光合作用D．光合作用与呼吸作用都不进行9．下列关于兴奋传导的叙述，正确的是（）A．神经纤维膜内局部电流的流动方向与兴奋传导方向一致B．神经纤维上已兴奋的部位将恢复为静息状态的零电位C．突触小体完成“化学信号→电信号”的转变D．神经递质作用于突触后膜，使突触后膜产生兴奋10．与两栖动物相比，爬行动物个体发育过程中特有的阶段或构造是（）A．卵膜B．囊胚C．原肠胚D．羊膜11．能够使植物体表达动物蛋白的育种主法是（）A．单倍体育种B．杂交育种C．基因工程育种D．多倍体育种12A ．分裂期和细胞周期均最短的是肿瘤细胞B ．分裂期占细胞周期时间比例最小的是十二指肠细胞C ．不同种类细胞的细胞周期持续时间不同D ．不同种类细胞的分裂都是同步进行的13．下列过程能使ADP 含量增加的是（ ）A ．消化道内蛋白质的消化B ．线粒体内的[H]与O 2结合C ．叶绿体中的叶绿素a 失去电子D ．细胞分裂时纺锤丝的收缩14．香蕉成熟过程中，随着贮藏物质强烈水解并转化为还原糖，香蕉逐渐变甜，其呼吸速率变化如图中曲线a 所示。
2005年南京师范大学年南京师范大学作品阅读和评论作品阅读和评论作品阅读和评论考研试题考研试题
一、
二、名句填空
1．__今我来思，雨雪霏霏；
2．__杂花生树，群莺乱飞；
3．__为谁流下潇湘去；
4．念桥边红药_；
三、简答
1．项羽本纪，别姬一段反映项羽的性格；
2．怀旧空吟闻笛赋用的什么典故；
3．杨万里，船离洪泽岸头沙，人到淮河意不佳；何必桑乾方是远，中流以北即天涯。
为啥意不佳？
4．顾炎武什么诗说张季鹰什么。
四、论述
1．鲁迅说陶渊明不静穆所以伟大，结合作品理解；
2．李清照的白描，结合作品分析；
五、评论写作各400字
1．水仙子，瓦匠，什么词。
2．莫唱当年《长恨歌》，人间也自有银河。
石壕村里夫妻别，泪比长生殿里多。
袁枚《马嵬》。
南京农业大学植物病理考研复试题硕士研究生入学复试试卷 2005年度姓名专业:植物病理学考号: 得分:一、名词解释每题3分，共30分1、卵抱子和休眠抱子囊2、水平抗性和主动抗性3.、准性生殖4、锁状联合5、假子座6.、质粒7、植物保卫素8.、垫刃型食道9、水寄生10、辅助因子二、写出下列植物病原生物的中文名称，并列举出I种该病原引起的植物病害每题3分，共30分1. Agrobacterium2.Anriuinrr3. Clrrviceps4. Plytophthora5. Pvricerlurirr6. ltrrlstnrritr7. Veuturin8. Tnphrina9. lthizoctonia10. Plasmopara三、回答下列问题每题9分，共90分1.你认为农作物上的许多病害爆发的原因是“天灾”为主还是“人祸”为多，2，如何完成一种植物病害的诊断?3.什么是半知菌?半知菌的分类单元在性质上与其它真菌有什么不同?4.试说明诱发抗病性的特点和可能的机制。
5.请介绍在接触期病原物有哪些活动，环境条件对病原物的活动有何影响。
6.试比较病原细菌和病原真菌在侵染、传播方面的特点。
7.植物病毒有哪些组分组成?简述病毒基因组核酸表达一般策略。
8.寄生植物如何吸收营养物质?怎样繁殖和传播?9.植物的非侵染性病害有哪些不同类型的病因?10.试以稻瘟病或麦白粉病为例，制定病害的综合防治方案。
南京农业大学植物病理学专业2006年攻读硕士学位研究生入学复试试题试题名称:植物病理学一、名词解释每题3分，共30分植物病害诱导抗病性单循环病害菌核质粒植物保卫素附着胞基因对基因学说真菌生活史辅助因子二、写出下列植物病原生物的中文名称，并列举出1种该病原引起的植物病害每题3共30分1.Xathomonas2. Puccinia3. Cercospora4. Phytophthora5 Pricularia6 Venturia8. Taphrina9. RhiZOCtnnia10. Alternaria三回答下列问题每题，分，共90分9. 植物病理学是如何诞生的?简要介绍5个中国著名的植物病理学家。
05普通生物学真题四川大学2005年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：生物学科目代码：356适用专业：植物学、动物学、微生物学、遗传学、细胞生物学、生物化学与分子生物学、生态学、生物信息学、生物安全、结构生物学、农药学（试题共四页）一、单项选择题：（总计15分，每题1分）1、在生物界流通的能量的最终来源是（）A、光合作用；B、新陈代谢；C、线粒体；D、太阳2、下列生物中不具备真正细胞核的是（）A、蓝藻；B、变形虫；C、酵母；D、真菌3、不属于二倍体的是（）A、大孢子母细胞；B、人类上皮细胞；C、被子植物胚乳细胞；D、蛙受精卵细胞4、原核生物乳糖操纵子调控模型中，调节基因产生阻遏蛋白，阻断（）的作用。
A、组蛋白；B、启动子；C、底物；D、调节基因5、尚未形成液泡的幼嫩植物细胞，其水势组分是（）A、渗透势+衬质势；B、衬质势；C、压力势+衬质势；D、渗透势+压力势6、遗传漂变导致（）的改变。
A、物种多样性；B、基因频率；C、种群大小；D、物种分布7、能够证实基因的本质是DNA的是（）A、1944年美国Oswald Avery等人的研究；B、1953年Waston 和 Crick的工作；C、1928年英国Fredrick Griffith等人的肺炎双球菌侵染小鼠实验；D、1959年M Nireberg和S Ochoa等人的研究。
8、花粉中的识别蛋白质是（）A、色素蛋白；B、脂蛋白；C、糖蛋白；D、金属硫蛋白9、在不发生低温伤害的情况下，适度的低温则（）。
A、促进衰老；B、影响生长速度，不影响衰老；C、可能促进也可能延缓衰老；D、延缓衰老10、如果DNA的编码从5’读是GTA，那么相应的反密码子的碱基序列从5’端读应该是（）A、GTAB、UACC、AUGD、CAU11、造成油菜花而不实的原因可能是缺（）A、MgB、MoC、KD、B12、食物链中每一个营养级上没有被利用或传递的能量以（）的形式释放出来。
《植物学》考试试卷（ A 卷）题号一二三四五六总分分数得分评卷人一、单项选择题（在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确的答案，并将其号码填在题干后的括号内，每小题 1分，共10分）1.将生物划分为动物界和植物界的创始人是（）A.林奈B.海克尔C.魏特克D.达尔文2.植物细胞所特有的细胞器是（）A.线粒体B.内质网C.质体D.高尔基体3.在细胞周期中，DNA含量加倍是在（）A.Ｇ1期B.S期C. G2期D.M期4.使禾本科植物增高的分生组织主要是（）A.顶端分生组织B.侧生分生组织C.居间分生组织D.次生分生组织5.A.块根B.块茎C.肉质直根D.根状茎6.禾本科植物茎中的维管束大多是（）A.无限外韧维管束B.有限外韧维管束C.双韧维管束D.周韧维管束7.在植物学中称为种子的是（）A.小麦籽粒B.向日葵籽粒C.玉米籽粒D.西瓜籽粒8.植物茎的木质部中无输导能力的是（）A.边材B.早材C.心材D.晚材9．周皮上植物体进行气体交换的通道是（）A. 皮孔 B. 气孔 C.穿孔 D.筛孔10．侧根起源于（）A. 分生区B.伸长区表皮C.根毛区中柱鞘D.根尖原始细胞二、判断题（认为正确的，在题干后的括号内打“√”；错误的打“×”。
每小题 1分，共10分）1.所有成熟的种子都有种皮、胚和胚乳。
（）2.质膜的主要功能是控制细胞与外界环境的物质交换，即质膜有选择透性。
（）3.所有双子叶植物都是直根系，5或4基数的花。
（）4.早材即春材或心材，属初生木质部；晚材即秋材或边材，属次生木质部。
（）5.叶片一般正面颜色较深，是因为上表皮细胞含叶绿体多。
（）6.单雌蕊仅由一心皮构成，复雌蕊则由两个以上心皮愈合而成。
（）7.有些植物不产生花也能结果，如无花果。
（）8.所有靠孢子繁殖的植物都是低等植物。
（）9.根的初生木质部分化成熟的方式是外始式，茎的则为内始式。
（）（）三、名词解释（每小题 2 分，共 10分）1.泡状细胞2.胞间连丝3.假果4.平周分裂5. 合轴分枝四、填空题（每空 0.5分，共 30分）1．地球上已发现的植物有种。
2005年21 ．香蕉属于哪种类型的果，食用的主要部分属于哪部分结构：A ．蒴果、真果；花托B ．干果、假果；内果皮C ．浆果、假果；内果皮和胎座D ．浆果、真果；内果皮和胎座解析：香蕉果实是肉质果实，即为浆果，由内果和胎座发育而成，所以属于假果。
所以选择C22 ．向日葵的管状花的雄蕊（群）属于：A ．聚药雄蕊B ．单体雄蕊C ．两体雄蕊D ．多体雄蕊解析：雄蕊的花丝分裂而花药相互联合称为聚药雄蕊，菊科和葫芦科植物都是聚药雄蕊，向日葵属于菊科。
所以选择A23 ．初生分生组织中的可以分化出维管束？A ．原表皮B ．基本分生组织C ．原形成层D ．形成层解析：初生分生组织是由原分生组织刚衍生的细胞组成。
在茎的原分生组织下面，逐渐分化出原表皮、皮层和维管束的前身。
所以选择C24 ．右图是单列射线切面图。
这是什么切面？A ．横切面B ．切向切面C ．径向切面解析：横切面射线呈辐射状，显示出射线的长度和宽度；径向切面的射线细胞象一堵砖墙，显示了射线的高度和长度；切向切面射线呈纺锤状，显示了射线的高度、宽度、细胞列数和两端细胞的形状。
所以选择C25 ．菊花一般在秋天开花，要使其提前开花，需要控制的条件是：A ．水分B ．温度C ．光照时间D ．养分解析：菊花是短日照植物，要使菊花提前开花，需要将日照时间缩短。
所以选择C26 ．植物根和茎的初生结构不同，但根和茎的维管束又是连在一起的，这个连接的部位是下面的哪个部位？A ．上胚轴B ．中胚轴C ．下胚轴D ．胚根解析：子叶着生点到胚根的一段称为下胚轴实际上是连接胚根与胚芽（根与茎）的部位；由子叶着生点到第一片真叶的一段称上胚轴；中胚轴见于某些属的禾本科植物，是鞘叶基部与胚盘之间缩小的组织。
所以选择C27 ．一个精子和卵结合发育成胚，另一个精子和极核结合发育成胚乳，这种类型的双受精现象是哪类植物所特有的？A ．裸子植物B ．蕨类植物C ．被子植物D ．苔藓植物解析：双受精是被子植物特有的生殖现象，是高度进化的生殖方式。
