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严禁折叠答题卡!Part1：You’re busy filling out the application form for a position you really need. Let’s assume you once actually completed a couple of years of college work or even that you completed your degree. Isn’t it tempting to lie just a little, to claim on the form that your diploma represents a Harvard degree? Or that you finished an extra couple of years back at State University? More and more people are turning to utter deception like this to land their job or to move ahead in their careers, for personnel officers, like most Americans, value degrees from famous schools. A job applicant may have a good education anyway, but he or she assumes that chances of being hired are better with a diploma from a well-known university. Registrars at most well-known colleges say they deal with deceitful claims like these at the rate of about one per week. Personnel officers do check up on degrees listed on application forms, then. If it turns out that an applicant is lying, most colleges are reluctant to accuse the applicant directly. One Ivy League school calls them "impostors(骗子)"; another refers to them as "special cases". One well-known West Coast school, in perhaps the most delicate phrase of all, says that these claims are made by "no such people". To avoid outright(彻底的)lies, some job-seekers claim that they "attending" means being dismissed after one semester. It may be that "being associated with" a college means that the job-seeker visited his younger brother for a football weekend. One school that keeps records of false claims says that the practice dates back at least to the turn of the century—that’s when they began keeping records, anyhow. If you don’t want to lie or even stretch the truth, there are companies that will sell you a phony diploma. One company, with offices in New York and on the West Coast, will put your name on a diploma from any number of nonexistent colleges. The price begins at around twenty dollars for a diploma from "Smoot State University". The prices increase rapidly for a degree from the "University of Purdue". As there is no Smoot State and the real school in Indiana is properly called Purdue University, the prices seem rather high for one sheet of paper.The main idea of this passage is that ________ .[A] employers are checking more closely on applicants now[B] lying about college degrees has become a widespread problem[C] college degrees can now be purchased easily[D] employers are no longer interested in college degreesAccording to the passage, "special cases" refers to cases that ________.[A] students attend a school only part-time[B] students never attended a school they listed on their application[C] students purchase false degrees from commercial firms[D] students attended a famous schoolWe can infer from the passage that ________ .[A] performance is a better judge of ability than a college degree[B] experience is the best teacher[C] past work histories influence personnel officers more than degrees do[D] a degree from a famous school enables an applicant to gain advantage over others in job competitionThis passage implies that ________ .[A] buying a false degree is not moral[B] personnel officers only consider applicants from famous schools[C] most people lie on applications because they were dismissed from school[D] society should be greatly responsible for lying on applicationsThe word "phony" (Line 13, Para. 2) means ________ .[A] thorough [B] ultimate [C] false [D] decisivePart2：Material culture refers to what can be seen, held, felt, used—what a culture produces. Examining a culture’s tools and technology can tell us about the group’s history and way of life. Similarly, research into the material culture of music can help us to understand the music culture. The most vivid body of material culture in it, of course, is musical instruments. We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on instruments for important information about music cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra. Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined folk music cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain, and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song, yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs. Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on music and, when it becomes widespread, on the music culture as a whole. One more important part of music’s material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic media—radio, record player, tape recorder, television, and videocassette, with the future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the "information revolution", a twentieth-century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution was in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; they have affected music cultures all over the globe.Research into the material culture of a nation is of great importance because ________ .[A] it helps produce new cultural tools and technology[B] it can reflect the development of the nation[C] it helps understand the nation’s past and present[D] it can demonstrate the nation’s civilization2. It can be learned from this passage that ________ .[A] the existence of the symphony was attributed to the spread of Near Eastern and Chinese music [B] Near Eastern music had an influence on the development of the instruments in the symphony orchestra[C] the development of the symphony shows the mutual influence of Eastern and Western music [D] the musical instruments in the symphony orchestra were developed on thebasis of Near Eastern music3.According to the author, music notation is important because ________ .[A] it has a great effect on the music culture as more and more people are able to read it[B] it tends to standardize folk songs when it is used by folk musicians[C] it is the printed version of standardized folk music[D] it encourages people to popularize printed versions of songs4 It can be concluded from the passage that the introduction of electronic media into the world of music ________ .[A] has brought about an information revolution[B] has speeded up the appearance of a new generation of computers[C] has given rise to new forms of music culture[D] has led to the transformation of traditional musical instruments5. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?[A] Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers. [B] Music cannot be passed on to future generations unless it is recorded.[C] Folk songs cannot be spread far unless they are printed on music sheets.[D] The development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspectPart3：Baekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers”had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines. In general, these “short sleeps”appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist(不动摇) in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal”or “acceptable”to their friends and associates. When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers”did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away. The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers”were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic(疯人). The “long sleepers”were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sleepers.”Many of the “long sleepers”were shy, anxious, introverted (内向), inhibited (压抑), passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.According to the report,______.many short sleepers need less sleep by natureB) many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy with their workC) long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the dayD) many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhoodMany “short sleepers”are likely to hold the view that _____.A) sleep is a withdrawal from the realityB) sleep interferes with their sound judgementC) sleep is the least expensive item on their routine programD) sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troublesIt is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers _____.are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of lifeB) often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleepC) do not know how to relax properlyD) are more unlikely to run into mental problemsWhen sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might ____.appear disturbed B) become energetic C) feel dissatisfied D) be extremely depressedWhich of the following is Not included in the passage?If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakenedB) The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the sane as those shown by many mental patients C) Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleepD) Short sleepers would be better off with more restPart4：Upon reaching an appropriate age (usually between 18 and 21 years), children are encouraged, but not forced, to “leave the nest”and begin an independent life. After children leave home they often find social relationship and financial support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married, Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in the United States; young adults meet their future spouses (配偶) through other friends, at jobs, and in organizations and religious institutions, Although children choose their own spouses, they still hope their parents will approve of their choices. In many families, parents feel that children should make major life decisions by themselves. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to choose another career. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order to assert their independence. A son may deliberately decide not to go into his father’s business because of a fear that he will lose his autonomy in his father’s workplace. This independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other. Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the American family Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self –reliance and independence.The writer discusses the marriage of young adults in order to show which of the following? They enjoy the freedom of choosing their spouses.B) They want to win the permission of their parents.C) They have a strong desire to become independent.D) They want to challenge the authority of their parents.Most young adults in the U.S. get married for the sake of ____.love B) financial concern C) their parents D) family backgroundBased on the passage, it can be assumed that ______.American young adults are likely to follow the suit of their parentsB) most American people never make major decisions for their childrenC) American young adults possess cultural values of independenceD) once a young person steps into his twenties, he will leave his home permanentlyA son is unwilling to work in his father’s business mainly because _____.he wishes to make full use of what he has learnt in schoolB) he wants to prove his independenceC) he wishes to do the opposite of what his parents approve ofD) he wants to show his love for his parentsThe subject matter of this selection is _____.A) family values B) marriage arrangements C) the pursuit of a career D) decision makingPart5：Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time ofr which the eyes stop ---the duration of the fixation ----varies considerably from person to person. It also vaies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness. Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have nowbegun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous textThe time of the recognition span can be affected by the following facts except ________ . one’s familiarity with the textB. one’s purpose in readingC. the length of a group of wordsD. lighting and tirednessThe author may believe that reading ______.requires a reader to take in more words at each fixationB. requires a reader to see words more quicklyC. demands an deeply-participating mindD. demands more mind than eyes3 What does the author mean by saying “but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently.”in the second parapraph? A. The ability to see words is not needed when an efficient reading is conducted.B. The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve both the ability to see and to comprehend words.C. The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve an efficient reading.D. The reading exercises mentioned has done a great job to improve one’s ability to see words.Which of the following is NOT true?The visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time.B. Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye training.C. The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading.D.The eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text.The tune of the author in writing this article is ________A criticalB neutralC prssimisticD optimisticPart6：Our quarrel with efficiency is not that it gets things done, but that it is a thief of time when it leaves us no leisure to enjoy ourselves, and that it strains our nerves when we try to get things done perfectly. In building bridges, American engineers calculate so finely and exactly as to make the two ends come together within one-tenth of an inch. But when two Chinese begin to dig a tunnel from both sides of a mountain both come out on the other side. --The Chinese’s firm belief is that it doesn’t matter so long as a tunnel is dug through, and if we have two instead of one, why, we have a double track to boot. The pace of modern industrial life forbids this kind of glorious and magnificent idling. But, worse than that, it imposes upon us a different conception of time as measured by the clock and eventuallyturns the human being into a clock himself. (This sort of thing is bound to come to China, as is evident, for instance, in the case of a factory of twenty thousand worker. The luxurious prospect of twenty thousand workers coming in at their own sweet pleasure at all hours is, of course, somewhat terrifying.)Nevertheless, such efficiency is what makes life so hard and full of excitement. A man who has to be punctually at a certain place at five o’clock has the whole afternoon from one to five ruined for him already. Every American adult is arranging his time on the pattern of the schoolboy - three o’clock for this, five o’clock for that, six-thirty for change of dress, six-fifty for entering the taxi, and seven o’clock for arriving at the destination. It just makes life not worth living.The writer objects to efficiency mainly on the grounds that it ____.entitles us to too much leisure timeB) urges us to get things done punctuallyC) deprives us of leisure timeD) imposes on us a perfect concept of timeIn the eyes of the author, the introduction of industrial life gives rise to ____.the excitement of lifeB) magnificent idling of timeC) more emphasis on efficiencyD) terrifying schoolboyThe passage tells us ____.Chinese workers come to work when it is convenientB) all Americans are forced to be efficient against their willC) Chinese engineers are on better terms with the managementD) Americans ought not to work so hard for efficiencyThe author believes that relaxing the rule of punctuality in factories would lead to ____. great confusion B) increased production C) a hard and exciting life D) successful completion of a tunnelWhat is implied but NOT stated by the author is that ____.every American is arranging his time in the pattern of a schoolboyB) every American is reluctant to be efficientC) every one should have some time to spend as he pleasesD) being punctual is an undesirable habit which should not be formedPart7：Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has learned to make friends with an enormous number. Some are pets, and offer him companionship; some give protection, and some do hard work which man cannot do for himself. Dogs, which serve man in all three capacities, are found in various breeds in all countries of the world. The Husky can live in the cold polar regions, and the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa. The inhabitants of certain countries are dependent for their very lives on the camel. In the West Indies the little donkey, strong and sure-footed, carrying heavyloads even in mountainous places, is a familiar sight. Trained and tamed for many generations, domestic animals are not accustomed to roaming(到处走动) in search of food and shelter. They look to their masters to provide for their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are content to do what their masters require. All domestic animals need proper food. It must be suitable for them, sufficient in quantity, fresh and clean. Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps, and then wonder why the animal seems listless(倦怠的) and dull. The quantity of food depends on the size of the animal and the amount of exercise it takes. Overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding. Containers for food and water must be washed regularly if the animal is to maintain good health. Even well cared for animals may sometimes fall ill. If this happens, the wise master seeks the best advice he can get. All sorts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals, and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price. Useful, friendly, hardworking animals deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health.What main idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?There exists thousands of species of animals in the world.B) Man came to establish a close relationship with a number of animals.C) In some regions a donkey seems to be a very useful beast.D) An animal will be useless unless domesticated.When an animal is underfed, it will probably ____.refuse to obey its masterB) immediately fall illC) require its master to offer some foodD) seek for food on its ownWhich of the following is NOT true of dogs according to the passage?They can act as friends, guards, and servants to man.B) They have great adaptation for the environment.C) There live a great variety of breeds of dogs on the globe.D) The Husky and the Saluki are the strongest breed ever known in the world.To keep a domestic animal physically fit, its owner is advised ____.not to hesitate to spend enormous amount of money on itB) to pay attention to its proper feedingC) not to allow it to take excessive amounts of exerciseD) to join some sort of pet-keeping organizationsWhich of the following would be best TITLE for this passage?A) Domesticated Animals - Man’s Best FriendB) Proper Diet - the Road to HealthC) The Advantages of Raising Domestic AnimalsD) Some Tips on Pet-keepingPart8：The greatest contribution to civilization in the century may well be the air-conditioning- and American leads just as amazing is the speed with which this situation came to be. Air-conditioning began to spread in industries as a production aid during World War Ⅱ. Today most Americans need to take air-conditioning for granted to homes, offices, factories, theatres, shops, studios, schools, hotels, and restaurants. But not everybody is aware that high cost and easy comfort are merely two of the effects of the vast cooling of American. In fact, air conditioning has substantially altered the country’s character and customs. Many of the byproducts are so conspicuous that they are scarcely noticed. To begin with, air-conditioning transformed the face of America by making possible those glassy, boxy, sealed-in skyscrapers. It has been indispensable, no less, to the functioning of sensitive advanced computers, whose high operating temperatures require that they be constantly cooled. . . It has, at will, forced families into retreating into families with closed doors and shut windows, reducing the interactions of neighborhood life. It is really surprising that the public’s often noted withdrawal into self-pursuit and privacy has coincided with the historic spread of air-conditioning. Though science has little studied how habitual air-conditioning affects mind and body, some medical experts suggest that, like other technical avoidance of natural variations in climate, air-conditioning may damage the human capacity to adapt to stress. If so, air-conditioning is only like many other greatly useful technical developments that liberate man from nature by increasing his productivity and power in some way - while indirectly weakening him in others.According to this selection, which of the following constitutes the unique character of U.S.? Its excessive use of air-conditioning.B) Its advanced computerized civilization.C) Its public’s retreating into self-pursuit.D) Its greatest contribution to human civilization.According to the author, the chief consequence brought about by the wide application of air-conditioning is ____.the loss of human capacity to adapt to changes in climateB) the reduction of social communications of neighborhood lifeC) the active life style of all its usersD) the decreased human production and powerThe tone of this selection reveals that air-conditioning ____.has little effect on its usersB) has more effect on body than on mindC) brings more benefits than damage to its usersD) does harm as well as good to its usersWho benefits the least from air-conditioning according to the author?Medical experts. B) Manufacturers. C) Factory laborers. D) Consumers.5. What is the author’s overall attitude towards air-conditioning?Neutral B) Objective C) Critical D) CompromisingPart9：Until the 1980s, the American homeless population comprised mainly older males. Today, homelessness strikes much younger part of society. In fact, a 25-city survey by the U. S. Conference of Mayors in 1987 found that families with children make up the fastest growing part of the homeless population. Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient(变化无常的) and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems —both legal and educational —for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers. Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million. Likewise, estimates of the number of homeless school children vary radically. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis, But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly. One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the “throwaway”youths who have been cast of their homes. The Elementary School Center in New York City estimates that there are 1.5 million of them, many of whom are not counted as children because they do not stay in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets. Federal law, the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the educational needs of homeless children. The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education.It is implied in the first paragraph that ____.the writer himself is homeless, even in his eightiesB) many older homeless residents are going on strike in 25 citiesC) there is a serious shortage of academic facilitiesD) homeless children are denied the opportunity of receiving free educationThe National Coalition for the homeless believes that the number of homeless children is _____. A) 350,000 B) 1,500,000 C) 440,000 D) 110,000One part of the homeless population is difficult to estimate. The reason might well be ____. the homeless children are too young to be counted as childrenB) the homeless population is growing rapidlyC) the homeless children usually stay outside schoolD) some homeless children are deserted by their familiesThe McKinney Act is mentioned in this passage in order to show that ___.the educational problems of homeless children are being recognizedB) the estimates on homeless children are hard to determineC) the address of grade-school children should be locatedD) all homeless people are entitled to free educationThe passage mainly deals with ____.the legal problems of the homeless children。
