Thomas and his friends(托马斯小火车)(原版)钢琴双手简谱 钢琴谱 钢琴简谱

Thomas JeffersonIn the thick of（在最激烈的时刻）party conflict in 1800, Thomas Jefferson wrote in a private letter, "I have sworn upon（=swear on,发誓）the altar（祭坛，圣坛）of God eternal hostility against every form of tyranny（暴政）over the mind of man."This powerful advocate（提倡者）of liberty was born in 1743 in Albemarle County, Virginia,inheriting from his father, a planter and surveyor, some 5,000 acres of land, and from his mother, a Randolph, high social standing. He studied at the College of William and Mary, then read law. In 1772 he married Martha Wayles Skelton, a widow, and took her to live in his partly constructed mountaintop home, Monticello.（蒙蒂赛洛，美国地名）Freckled（有雀斑的）andsandy-haired, rather tall and awkward, Jefferson was eloquent （口才好的）as a correspondent,（通讯记者）but he was no public speaker. In the Virginia House of Burgesses and the Continental Congress, he contributed his penrather than his voice to the patriot cause. As the "silent member" of the Congress, Jefferson, at 33, drafted the Declaration of Independence. In years following he labored to make its words a reality in Virginia. Most notably（尤其），he wrote a bill（法案）establishing religious freedom,enacted（制定，颁布）in 1786. Jefferson succeeded(继承)Benjamin Franklin as minister to France in 1785. His sympathy for the French Revolution led him into conflict with Alexander Hamilton when Jefferson was Secretary of State in President Washington's Cabinet.（内阁）He resigned in 1793.Sharp political conflict developed, and two separate parties, the Federalists and theDemocratic-Republicans, began to form. Jefferson gradually assumed leadership of the Republicans, who sympathized with the revolutionary cause in France. Attacking Federalist policies, he opposed a strong centralized Government and championed（支持）the rights of states.As a reluctant（勉强的，不情愿的）candidate for President in 1796, Jefferson came within three votes of election. Through a flaw（瑕疵，缺陷）in the Constitution, he became Vice President, although an opponent（对手，反对者）ofPresident Adams. In 1800 the defect（缺陷）caused a more seriousproblem. Republican electors（选民）attempting to name both a President and a Vice President from their own party, cast a tie（不分胜负，打成平局）vote between Jefferson and Aaron Burr. The House of Representatives （美国众议院）settled the tie. Hamilton, disliking both Jefferson and Burr, nevertheless urged Jefferson's election.When Jefferson assumed the Presidency, the crisis in France had passed. He slashed（削减）Armyand Navy expenditures（开支）, cutthe budget（预算）, eliminated the tax on whiskey so unpopular in the West, yet reduced the national debt by a third. He also sent a naval squadron（中队，舰队）to fight theBarbary pirates（巴巴里海盗）, whowere harassing（反复袭击）American commerce in the Mediterranean. Further, although the Constitution made noprovision(供给品) for the acquisition of new land, Jefferson suppressed(克制，抑制) his qualms （良心之谴责，不安）over constitutionality（符合宪法）when he had the opportunity to acquire the Louisiana Territory from Napoleon in 1803.During Jefferson's second term, he was increasingly preoccupied with （沉浸在）keeping the Nation from involvement in the Napoleonic wars, though both England and France interfered with（干涉，妨碍）the neutral rights of American merchantmen（商船，商人）. Jefferson's attempted solution, an embargo upon（实行禁运）American shipping, worked badly and was unpopular.Jefferson retired to Monticello to ponder（考虑）such projects as his grand designs（宏大计划，宏伟设计）for the University of Virginia. A French nobleman observed that he had placed his house and his mind"on an elevated（高尚的）situation, from which he might contemplate the universe."He died on July 4, 1826.。

英国文学文学体裁：诗歌poem，小说novel，戏剧dramaOrigin起源：Christianity 基督教→ bible 圣经Myth 神话The Romance of king Arthur and his knights 亚瑟王和他的骑士（笔记）一、The Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)1、这个时期的文学作品分类：pagan(异教徒) Christian(基督徒)2、代表作：The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》( Germanic national epic 民族史诗) 采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法）例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved,To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period (1066-1350)Canto 诗章1、romance 传奇文学2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (高文爵士和绿衣骑士) 是一首押头韵的长诗三、Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400) 杰弗里.乔叟时期1、the father of English poetry 英国诗歌之父2、heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵) lines in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事(英国文学史的开端)大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.朝圣者都是来自英国的各地的人,代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character.这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。

2019-2021年天津市中考真题英语分项汇编阅读理解考点一：阅读理解之记叙文（2021·天津中考真题）I’m Kevin, a student of Grade 9. Most of my friends walk to school, but I like to ride my bike each day. I wake up at 7:00. After I wash my face and eat breakfast, I throw the schoolbag on my back. Do I have my books and homework? Yes, I do.I take my bike, hop （跳）onto it and ride to school at 7: 30. “See you later. Mum,” I say. I pass my friends when I ride by. “Hi, Kevin!” they call when I pass. Mary does not want to ride with me. She does not like to wear a schoolbag. She likes to carry her books in her arms when she walks. She likes to kick the autumn leaves. But she likes to look at the flowers the best.Not me! I like to ride my bike to feel the fresh air in my face. When I get to school, I lock my bike in the bicycle park. I walk across the field to say hi to Mr Brown and wait for my friends in our classroom.1．What grade is Kevin in?A．Grade 6. B．Grade 7. C．Grade 8. D．Grade 9.2．What time does Kevin ride to school?A．At 6:30. B．At 7:00. C．At 7:30. D．At 8:00.3．On her way to school, Mary likes to ________ the best.A．ride with Kevin B．look at the flowers C．wear a schoolbag D．kick the autumn leaves4．Why does Kevin like to ride a bike?A．To take his mum with him. B．To meet his grandpa.C．To feel the fresh air in his face. D．To show he is brave.5．Where does Kevin wait for his friends?A．At home. B．In the field. C．At the school gate. D．In the classroom.【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．D【分析】本文主要讲述了Kevin喜欢骑自行车去上学，他喜欢感受清新空气吹在脸上的感觉，而Mary喜欢走路去上学，她喜欢踢秋天的树叶，她最喜欢看花。

时光像一座奔跑的坟墓——狄兰·托马斯时光像一座奔跑的坟墓，追捕着你，你安然的拥抱是一把毛发的镰刀，她换好挡驾驭爱情缓缓穿过房室，灵车里的乌龟爬上裸露的楼梯，拖向穹顶，像一把剪刀昂首阔步，走来裁剪岁月，向种族中胆怯的我传递比死亡陷阱更为外露的爱，剥夺狡诈的口舌，他的带尺丈量寸寸骨肉，我的主人，传给我大脑和内心，一颗蜡烛般消瘦的死亡之心，当铲手之下的血和严密的时间驱动孩子们成长，像青肿袭上拇指，从少女从头脑，面对星期天，手套里塞着抹布，贞洁和猎手，眼目昏黄的男子，时光的茄克或冰冷的外套，我也许无法和一位处女相守在平整的坟墓，我大步走过死亡的国度，剽窃的主人在石上敲动密码，绝望的血液，可信的处女粘液，在阉人间停留，肉叉和脸面上留下硝石的污迹。

时光是一种愚蠢的幻觉，时光与傻瓜。

不！不！我的主人，你这情人的脑瓜，像垂落的锤子，敲击获取的荣誉。

你这英雄的头颅，机棚里的死尸向手杖诉说“失败”。

快乐不是叮当作响的国度，先生和女士，癌症的扩散或夏日的羽叶在相拥的绿树和狂热的十字架上闪亮，快乐也不是城市的沥青和地铁，倦于养育人类穿过碎石的小道。

我浇湿你圆形塔顶里的烛光。

快乐是尘埃的敲击，死尸穿越盒内的突变抽发亚当的芽胚，暮色苍茫的爱情国度和国有的颅骨，先生，是你的劫数。

一切均已消亡，塔楼崩塌，（风灌满空房），倾斜的布景，足跟从太阳悬落，（放弃夏天），皮肤粘连，所有的动作消亡。

人啊，我疯狂的人，腐败的风传播吹哨者的咳嗽，追踪的时光化为死亡的灰烬；爱上他的诡计，快乐的死尸饥肠辘辘，当你占据这禁止亲吻的世界。

通过绿色茎管催动花朵的力——狄兰·托马斯通过绿色茎管催动花朵的力催动我的绿色年华，毁灭树根的力也是害我的刽子手。

我缄默不语，无法告诉佝偻的玫瑰正是这同样的冬天之热病毁损了我的青春。

催动泉水挤过岩缝的力催动我鲜红的血液；那使絮叨的小溪干涸的力使我的血液凝固。

我缄默不语，无法对我的脉管张口，同一双嘴唇怎样吸干了山泉。

课程文化4-托马斯·贝叶斯(Thomas Bayes,1701-1761)
贝叶斯(Thomas Bayes,1701-1761)英国牧师、业余
数学家．生活在18世纪的贝叶斯生前是位受人尊敬英
格兰长老会牧师．为了证明上帝的存在,他发明了概率
统计学原理,遗憾的是,他的这一美好愿望至死也未能
实现．
贝叶斯在数学方面主要研究概率论．他首先将归
纳推理法用于概率论基础理论,并创立了贝叶斯统计
理论,对于统计决策函数、统计推断、统计的估算等做
出了贡献．1763年发表了这方面的论著,对于现代概率
论和数理统计都有很重要的作用．贝叶斯的另一著作《机会的学说概论》发表于1758年．贝叶斯所采用的许多术语被沿用至今．贝叶斯思想和方法对概率统计的发展产生了深远的影响．今天,贝叶斯思想和方法在许多领域都获得了广泛的应用．从二十世纪20至30年代开始,概率统计学出现了“频率学派”和“贝叶斯学派”的争论,至今,两派的恩恩怨怨仍在继续．。

英国文学史资料British Writers and Works一、中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485）•《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）•《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight )杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer)“英国诗歌之父”。

（Father of English Poetry）《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales）二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初）•托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More ）《乌托邦》（Utopia）•埃德蒙·斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser）《仙后》（The Faerie Queene)•弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）《论说文集》（Essays)克里斯托弗·马洛Christopher Marlowe•《帖木儿大帝》（Tamburlaine）•《浮士德博士的悲剧》（The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus）•《马耳他岛的犹太人》（The Jew of Malta）威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》（A Midsummer Night’s Dream）、《威尼斯商人》（The Merchant of Venice）悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）、《哈姆莱特》（Hamlet）、《奥赛罗》（Othello）、《李尔王》（King Lear）、《麦克白》（Macbeth）历史剧《亨利四世》（Henry IV）传奇剧《暴风雨》（The Tempest）本·琼生Ben Johnson•《人人高兴》（Every Man in His Humor）•《狐狸》（V olpone）•《练金术士》（The Alchemist）三、17世纪文学约翰·弥尔顿John Milton《失乐园》（Paradise Lost）《复乐园》（Paradise Regained）诗剧《力士参孙》（Samson Agonistes）•约翰·班扬（John Bunyan）《天路历程》（The Pilgrim’s Progress）•威廉·康格里夫（William Congreve）《以爱还爱》（Love for Love）《如此世道》（The Way of the World）四、启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期—18世纪中期）18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。

英国文学简史General introduction of English literature1。

1) Old English Literature (449-1066）古英语时期文学——The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》2) Medieval English Literature (1066-15th century）中世纪英语时期文学—-Geoffrey Chaucer (1340_1400）杰弗里·乔叟代表作:French influence:Romance of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》The Book Of Duchess《公爵夫人之书》Italian influence:The Legend of Good Women《良妇传说》The House of Fame《声誉之堂》The Parliament of Fowls《百鸟议会》Troilus and Criseyde 《特罗勒斯与克莱西》Maturity:The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》2.Renaissance English literature (late 15th century ～early 17th century）文艺复兴-—-———-Thomas More 托马斯。

莫尔Utopia 乌托邦(1516）-——he gave a profound and truthful picture ofthe people’s sufferings and put forward hisideal of a future happy society.-—Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯·培根(1561——1626)The philosophical——-The Advancement of Learning《学术的推进》The literature —---—Essays《随笔》The professional works——-—--Thomas Wyatt托马斯怀亚特（1503-—1542)The first to introduce the sonnet into English literature(引入十四行诗的第一人）Lyrical poetry---—-—Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙斯宾塞(1552--1599）Poet's poet 诗人中的诗人The Faerie Queene 《仙后》（the greatest epic poem 史诗)The Shepheardes Calendar《牧人月历》——William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚(1564-—1616)The most popular and the most wildly respected writer in all English literature四大悲剧：HamletOthelloKing LearMacbeth四大喜剧：A Midsummer Night’s DreamThe merchant of VeniceAs you like itTwelfth Night-—Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗·马洛The greatest of the pioneers of English dramaThe one who first made blank verse the principal instrument of English dramaEnglish Literature of the Revolution and Restoration Period (1640-1688）资产阶级革命与王朝复辟时期的文学--———-—John Donne约翰多恩(a metaphysical poet 玄学诗人）代表作：”the flea"（跳骚)—love poem“Song”(歌)“A Valediction: Forbidden Morning”（别离辞：节哀）“Death be not proud”(死神，你莫骄傲)死亡时永恒的，不要害怕死亡，人死后可以超生，到天堂“The Canonization"（封圣）-—John Milton约翰·弥尔顿(puritan)Paradise Lost《失乐园》Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson Agonistes《力士参孙》On his blindnessOn His Deceased Wife《悼念我的亡妻》-—John Bunyan 约翰·班扬The Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》—-—is written in theold-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream.4。

名人生平事迹(个人总结)jazzdrum1.Roosevelt (罗斯福) 在面对big depression 采取有效的经济措施对比可为Adolf Hitler他却发动战争2.托马斯爱迪生(Thomas Edison) 发明电灯泡so that the digital and electronic era3.Noiman’s idea of computer4.Nixon’s Watergate scandal ,Bill Clinton sexual scandal 可用于描写政治家5.Van Gogh 不能被contemporary appreciate and comprehend6.Churchill 在二战时作出自己的明智的选择不过大多数英国人的反对和苏联,美国联盟7.Karl Benz produce the automobile8.Homer(荷马)整理前人的作品可用于类似于issue759.Aristotle利用点很多10.Archimedes (阿基米德) when taking a bath, he found the principle of buoyancy11.Dante(但丁) 艰苦的环境下为了自己的理想和信念作品Divine comedy12.Joan of Arc (贞德) French military leader and heroine 为了独立和国家人民13.Columbus(哥伦布) 利用点那篇目的和中间的发现14.Da vinci(达芬奇) Mona Lisa 蒙那里莎15.Copernicus(哥白尼) 利用点很多16.Socrates(苏格拉的) Greek philosopher the teacher of plato, 最后被迫害, 利用点Thinkercan’t be paid enough attention17.孔子Confucius 利用点同上18.Michelangelo(米开朗基罗)19.Magellan(麦哲伦)20.Cervantes(塞万提斯) create the works of Quixote(唐吉诃德) 利用点艺术家需要资助,艺术家被迫害21.Shakespeare( 莎士比亚) 利用点很多22.Bacon(培根) knowledge is the power23.Newton found the law of the classical physics24.Rousseau卢梭被迫害25.Gorge Washington 华盛顿领导美国独立战争,并成为第一界总统26.Watt 改良蒸气机27.Jefferson the drafter of the declaration of independence 知识渊博, once said the knowledgeis the power, the knowledge is the happiness, the knowledge is the safety28.Adam Smith(亚当史密斯) advocate the idea of the competition impelling the developmentof the society29.Goethe(歌德) spend nearly sixty years on the works of Faust (浮士德), 利用点,个人兴趣和执着的目标指导一个人奋勇向前30.Beethoven(贝多芬) the glorious and outstanding symphonies of the Hero, Fate31.Hegle (黑格尔) the contradiction drives the society as a whole ahead32.Robert Owen(欧文) who is the utopian socialist33.Faraday(法拉第) who discovered the law of the electromagnetic34.John Brown 开始是理想主意者,后来变成realist,主张用暴力废奴35.Lincoln (林肯) who led the civil war or the war between the states to emancipate the slave36.Darwin(达尔文) his great work Origin of species37.Pasteur(巴斯德) famous and renowned doctor who even taste the law of the virus by himself38.Einstein(爱因斯坦) who is the founder of the modern physics and the relativism39.Galileo 都被用烂了,利用点我就不说了最后写一下自己对用名人事迹的心得, 关键是记住他们的名字和相关背景,其他不用记得太多,到具体写的时候在根据具体情况现遍,屡试不爽.如还有什么不清楚的咱们再交流,Roosevelt (罗斯福) 在面对big depression 采取有效的经济措施对比可为AdolfHitler 他却发动战争2. 托马斯爱迪生(Thomas Edison) 发明点灯泡so that the digital and electronic era3. Noiman's idea of computer4. Nixon's Watergate scandal ,Bill Clinton sexual scandal 可用于描写政治家5. Van Gogh 不能被contemporary appreciate and comprehend6. Churchill 在二战时作出自己的明知的选择不过大多数英国人的反对和苏联,美国联盟7. Karl Benz produce the automobile8. Homer(荷马)整理前人的作品可用于类似于issue759. Aristotle利用点很多10. Archimedes (阿基米德) when taking a bath, he found the principle of buoyancy11. Dante(但丁) 艰苦的环境下为了自己的理想和信念作品Divine comedy12. Joan of Arc (贞德) French military leader and heroine 为了独立和国家人民13. Columbus(哥伦布) 利用点那篇目的和中间的发现14. Da vinci(达芬奇) Mona Lisa 蒙那里莎15. Copernicus(哥白尼) 利用点很多16. Socrates(苏格拉的) Greek philosopher the teacher of plato, 最后被迫害, 利用点Thinker can't be paid enough attention17. 孔子Confucius 利用点同上18. Michelangelo(米开朗基罗)19. Magellan(麦哲伦)20. Cervantes(塞万提斯) create the works of Quixote(唐吉诃德) 利用点艺术家需要资助,艺术家被迫害21. Shakespeare( 莎士比亚) 利用点很多22. Bacon(培根) knowledge is the power23. Newton found the law of the classical physics24. Rousseau卢梭被迫害25. Gorge Washington 华盛顿领导美国独立战争,并成为第一界总统26. Watt 改良蒸气机27. Jefferson the drafter of the declaration of independence 知识渊博, once said the knowledge is the power, the knowledge is the happiness, the knowled ge is the safety28. Adam Smith(亚当史密斯) advocate the idea of the competition impelling t he development of the society29. Goethe(歌德) spend nearly sixty years on the works of Faust (浮士德), 利用点,个人兴趣和执着的目标指导一个人奋勇向前30. Beethoven(贝多芬) the glorious and outstanding symphonies of the Hero, F 收藏分享评分issue6"The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyze the trends of its youth年轻人."这个很有道理, 不过我刚看一眼把its youth 理解成国家的“年轻时”，就是想要了解现在的国家可以去去分析它的过去晕了I agree,这个倒是符合梁启超的少年中国说1young people represent the new culture and new era, they are liable to accept new technologies and culture.like more young people are familiar with computer,mp4,they celebrate foreign festivals and make it popular...2 on average, they they are more creative that the old generation, they can make a unique culture of their own.3.but they are capriciousissue13"Many of the world's lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct."萨该就是说小语种应该受到保护，以为语言是文化的体现所以也归为一类这个我不同意，不知道从哪里听到故事说不同的语言是上帝对人类的忌讳，怕人们在统一交流的情况下，进步得太快1，the most important effect of language is communication and record, that's the reason why it exists.2.if without this meaning, many languages are unnecessary to devote financial and people to keep it...wasteissrue81 "Patriotic reverence for the history of a nation often does more to impede than to encourage progress."对国家历史的带有爱国主义色彩的崇敬往往对国家发展起阻碍作用，而不是推动作用这个问题很麻烦，我不同意这个观点以日本来说就是最好的例子1，patriotic reverence for the history is like the cohesion of a big family, which make every member work hard for its better future.2.what a pity if there is not any respect of patriot in their nation, the nation may break up easily.3.Patriotic reverence for the history also should be guided in right direction, and educated in a proper way, or else it will mislead the nation. bad results like terrorism and militarism.issue10 "Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive, because it is primarily in cities that a nation's cultural traditions are preserved and generated." [05/27; 06/1]政府必须要确保主要城市发展所需的财政支持，因为一个国家的文化传统主要是在城市中得以保存和发展。