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Introduction to Artificial Intelligence智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下哈尔滨工程大学哈尔滨工程大学第一章测试1.All life has intelligence The following statements about intelligence arewrong（）A:All life has intelligence B:Bacteria do not have intelligence C:At present,human intelligence is the highest level of nature D:From the perspective of life, intelligence is the basic ability of life to adapt to the natural world答案:Bacteria do not have intelligence2.Which of the following techniques is unsupervised learning in artificialintelligence?（）A:Neural network B:Support vector machine C:Decision tree D:Clustering答案:Clustering3.To which period can the history of the development of artificial intelligencebe traced back?（）A:1970s B:Late 19th century C:Early 21st century D:1950s答案:Late 19th century4.Which of the following fields does not belong to the scope of artificialintelligence application?（）A:Aviation B:Medical C:Agriculture D:Finance答案:Aviation5.The first artificial neuron model in human history was the MP model,proposed by Hebb.（）A:对 B:错答案:错6.Big data will bring considerable value in government public services, medicalservices, retail, manufacturing, and personal location services. （）A:错 B:对答案:对第二章测试1.Which of the following options is not human reason:（）A:Value rationality B:Intellectual rationality C:Methodological rationalityD:Cognitive rationality答案:Intellectual rationality2.When did life begin? （）A:Between 10 billion and 4.5 billion years B:Between 13.8 billion years and10 billion years C:Between 4.5 billion and 3.5 billion years D:Before 13.8billion years答案:Between 4.5 billion and 3.5 billion years3.Which of the following statements is true regarding the philosophicalthinking about artificial intelligence?（）A:Philosophical thinking has hindered the progress of artificial intelligence.B:Philosophical thinking has contributed to the development of artificialintelligence. C:Philosophical thinking is only concerned with the ethicalimplications of artificial intelligence. D:Philosophical thinking has no impact on the development of artificial intelligence.答案:Philosophical thinking has contributed to the development ofartificial intelligence.4.What is the rational nature of artificial intelligence?（）A:The ability to communicate effectively with humans. B:The ability to feel emotions and express creativity. C:The ability to reason and make logicaldeductions. D:The ability to learn from experience and adapt to newsituations.答案:The ability to reason and make logical deductions.5.Which of the following statements is true regarding the rational nature ofartificial intelligence?（）A:The rational nature of artificial intelligence includes emotional intelligence.B:The rational nature of artificial intelligence is limited to logical reasoning.C:The rational nature of artificial intelligence is not important for itsdevelopment. D:The rational nature of artificial intelligence is only concerned with mathematical calculations.答案:The rational nature of artificial intelligence is limited to logicalreasoning.6.Connectionism believes that the basic element of human thinking is symbol,not neuron; Human's cognitive process is a self-organization process ofsymbol operation rather than weight. （）A:对 B:错答案:错第三章测试1.The brain of all organisms can be divided into three primitive parts:forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain. Specifically, the human brain is composed of brainstem, cerebellum and brain (forebrain). （）A:错 B:对答案:对2.The neural connections in the brain are chaotic. （）A:对 B:错答案:错3.The following statement about the left and right half of the brain and itsfunction is wrong （）.A:When dictating questions, the left brain is responsible for logical thinking,and the right brain is responsible for language description. B:The left brain is like a scientist, good at abstract thinking and complex calculation, but lacking rich emotion. C:The right brain is like an artist, creative in music, art andother artistic activities, and rich in emotion D:The left and right hemispheres of the brain have the same shape, but their functions are quite different. They are generally called the left brain and the right brain respectively.答案:When dictating questions, the left brain is responsible for logicalthinking, and the right brain is responsible for language description.4.What is the basic unit of the nervous system?（）A:Neuron B:Gene C:Atom D:Molecule答案:Neuron5.What is the role of the prefrontal cortex in cognitive functions?（）A:It is responsible for sensory processing. B:It is involved in emotionalprocessing. C:It is responsible for higher-level cognitive functions. D:It isinvolved in motor control.答案:It is responsible for higher-level cognitive functions.6.What is the definition of intelligence?（）A:The ability to communicate effectively. B:The ability to perform physicaltasks. C:The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. D:The abilityto regulate emotions.答案:The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills.第四章测试1.The forward propagation neural network is based on the mathematicalmodel of neurons and is composed of neurons connected together by specific connection methods. Different artificial neural networks generally havedifferent structures, but the basis is still the mathematical model of neurons.（）A:对 B:错答案:对2.In the perceptron, the weights are adjusted by learning so that the networkcan get the desired output for any input. （）A:对 B:错答案:对3.Convolution neural network is a feedforward neural network, which hasmany advantages and has excellent performance for large image processing.Among the following options, the advantage of convolution neural network is（）.A:Implicit learning avoids explicit feature extraction B:Weight sharingC:Translation invariance D:Strong robustness答案:Implicit learning avoids explicit feature extraction;Weightsharing;Strong robustness4.In a feedforward neural network, information travels in which direction?（）A:Forward B:Both A and B C:None of the above D:Backward答案:Forward5.What is the main feature of a convolutional neural network?（）A:They are used for speech recognition. B:They are used for natural languageprocessing. C:They are used for reinforcement learning. D:They are used forimage recognition.答案:They are used for image recognition.6.Which of the following is a characteristic of deep neural networks?（）A:They require less training data than shallow neural networks. B:They havefewer hidden layers than shallow neural networks. C:They have loweraccuracy than shallow neural networks. D:They are more computationallyexpensive than shallow neural networks.答案:They are more computationally expensive than shallow neuralnetworks.第五章测试1.Machine learning refers to how the computer simulates or realizes humanlearning behavior to obtain new knowledge or skills, and reorganizes the existing knowledge structure to continuously improve its own performance.（）A:对 B:错答案:对2.The best decision sequence of Markov decision process is solved by Bellmanequation, and the value of each state is determined not only by the current state but also by the later state.（）A:对 B:错答案:对3.Alex Net's contributions to this work include: （）.A:Use GPUNVIDIAGTX580 to reduce the training time B:Use the modified linear unit (Re LU) as the nonlinear activation function C:Cover the larger pool to avoid the average effect of average pool D:Use the Dropouttechnology to selectively ignore the single neuron during training to avoid over-fitting the model答案:Use GPUNVIDIAGTX580 to reduce the training time;Use themodified linear unit (Re LU) as the nonlinear activation function;Cover the larger pool to avoid the average effect of average pool;Use theDropout technology to selectively ignore the single neuron duringtraining to avoid over-fitting the model4.In supervised learning, what is the role of the labeled data?（）A:To evaluate the model B:To train the model C:None of the above D:To test the model答案:To train the model5.In reinforcement learning, what is the goal of the agent?（）A:To identify patterns in input data B:To minimize the error between thepredicted and actual output C:To maximize the reward obtained from theenvironment D:To classify input data into different categories答案:To maximize the reward obtained from the environment6.Which of the following is a characteristic of transfer learning?（）A:It can only be used for supervised learning tasks B:It requires a largeamount of labeled data C:It involves transferring knowledge from onedomain to another D:It is only applicable to small-scale problems答案:It involves transferring knowledge from one domain to another第六章测试1.Image segmentation is the technology and process of dividing an image intoseveral specific regions with unique properties and proposing objects ofinterest. In the following statement about image segmentation algorithm, the error is （）.A:Region growth method is to complete the segmentation by calculating the mean vector of the offset. B:Watershed algorithm, MeanShift segmentation,region growth and Ostu threshold segmentation can complete imagesegmentation. C:Watershed algorithm is often used to segment the objectsconnected in the image. D:Otsu threshold segmentation, also known as themaximum between-class difference method, realizes the automatic selection of global threshold T by counting the histogram characteristics of the entire image答案:Region growth method is to complete the segmentation bycalculating the mean vector of the offset.2.Camera calibration is a key step when using machine vision to measureobjects. Its calibration accuracy will directly affect the measurementaccuracy. Among them, camera calibration generally involves the mutualconversion of object point coordinates in several coordinate systems. So,what coordinate systems do you mean by "several coordinate systems" here?（）A:Image coordinate system B:Image plane coordinate system C:Cameracoordinate system D:World coordinate system答案:Image coordinate system;Image plane coordinate system;Camera coordinate system;World coordinate systemmonly used digital image filtering methods:（）.A:bilateral filtering B:median filter C:mean filtering D:Gaussian filter答案:bilateral filtering;median filter;mean filtering;Gaussian filter4.Application areas of digital image processing include:（）A:Industrial inspection B:Biomedical Science C:Scenario simulation D:remote sensing答案:Industrial inspection;Biomedical Science5.Image segmentation is the technology and process of dividing an image intoseveral specific regions with unique properties and proposing objects ofinterest. In the following statement about image segmentation algorithm, the error is ( ).A:Otsu threshold segmentation, also known as the maximum between-class difference method, realizes the automatic selection of global threshold T by counting the histogram characteristics of the entire imageB: Watershed algorithm is often used to segment the objects connected in the image. C:Region growth method is to complete the segmentation bycalculating the mean vector of the offset. D:Watershed algorithm, MeanShift segmentation, region growth and Ostu threshold segmentation can complete image segmentation.答案:Region growth method is to complete the segmentation bycalculating the mean vector of the offset.第七章测试1.Blind search can be applied to many different search problems, but it has notbeen widely used due to its low efficiency.（）A:错 B:对答案:对2.Which of the following search methods uses a FIFO queue （）.A:width-first search B:random search C:depth-first search D:generation-test method答案:width-first search3.What causes the complexity of the semantic network （）.A:There is no recognized formal representation system B:The quantifiernetwork is inadequate C:The means of knowledge representation are diverse D:The relationship between nodes can be linear, nonlinear, or even recursive 答案:The means of knowledge representation are diverse;Therelationship between nodes can be linear, nonlinear, or even recursive4.In the knowledge graph taking Leonardo da Vinci as an example, the entity ofthe character represents a node, and the relationship between the artist and the character represents an edge. Search is the process of finding the actionsequence of an intelligent system.（）A:对 B:错答案:对5.Which of the following statements about common methods of path search iswrong（）A:When using the artificial potential field method, when there are someobstacles in any distance around the target point, it is easy to cause the path to be unreachable B:The A* algorithm occupies too much memory during the search, the search efficiency is reduced, and the optimal result cannot beguaranteed C:The artificial potential field method can quickly search for acollision-free path with strong flexibility D:A* algorithm can solve theshortest path of state space search答案:When using the artificial potential field method, when there aresome obstacles in any distance around the target point, it is easy tocause the path to be unreachable第八章测试1.The language, spoken language, written language, sign language and Pythonlanguage of human communication are all natural languages.（）A:对 B:错答案:错2.The following statement about machine translation is wrong （）.A:The analysis stage of machine translation is mainly lexical analysis andpragmatic analysis B:The essence of machine translation is the discovery and application of bilingual translation laws. C:The four stages of machinetranslation are retrieval, analysis, conversion and generation. D:At present,natural language machine translation generally takes sentences as thetranslation unit.答案:The analysis stage of machine translation is mainly lexical analysis and pragmatic analysis3.Which of the following fields does machine translation belong to? （）A:Expert system B:Machine learning C:Human sensory simulation D:Natural language system答案:Natural language system4.The following statements about language are wrong: （）。
本人所在学科团队【前言】本人所在学科团队是一个跨学科的研究团队，主要聚焦于机器学习、计算机视觉、自然语言处理等领域。
我们的研究目标是探索如何利用人工智能技术解决现实生活中的问题，提高人们的生活质量和工作效率。
【团队成员】我们的团队由一群来自不同背景和专业领域的研究人员组成，包括计算机科学、数学、统计学、物理学等专业。
我们有博士后、博士生、硕士生和本科生等不同层次的研究人员。
虽然大家专业背景各异，但都对人工智能技术有着浓厚的兴趣和热情，并愿意为实现这个目标而努力。
【研究方向】我们主要关注以下几个方向：1. 机器学习机器学习是我们最核心的研究方向之一。
我们致力于开发新的算法和模型来解决各种实际问题，如图像分类、自然语言处理、推荐系统等。
我们还在探索如何将深度学习技术应用于更广泛的领域，如医疗、金融等。
2. 计算机视觉计算机视觉是我们另一个重要的研究方向。
我们致力于开发新的算法和模型来解决图像处理、目标检测、人脸识别等问题。
我们还在探索如何将计算机视觉技术应用于自动驾驶、智能安防等领域。
3. 自然语言处理自然语言处理是我们的另一个研究方向。
我们致力于开发新的算法和模型来解决文本分类、情感分析、问答系统等问题。
我们还在探索如何将自然语言处理技术应用于智能客服、智能写作等领域。
【研究成果】我们的团队已经取得了一些令人骄傲的成果，包括：1. 发表多篇高水平论文我们已经在多个国际顶级会议和期刊上发表了多篇高水平论文，如CVPR、ICCV、ECCV、NIPS等。
这些论文得到了同行专家的高度评价，并对学术界和工业界产生了广泛影响。
2. 参加多个竞赛并获奖我们的团队还参加了多个国际机器学习竞赛，并获得了多个奖项，如ImageNet、COCO、Kaggle等。
这些竞赛对于验证我们的算法和模型的有效性和实用性非常重要。
3. 开源代码库我们还开源了一些高质量的代码库，如PyTorch-YOLOv3、BERT-Chinese-Text-Classification等。
《基于多尺度和注意力机制融合的语义分割模型研究》篇一一、引言随着深度学习技术的不断发展，语义分割作为计算机视觉领域的一个重要任务，逐渐成为研究的热点。
语义分割旨在将图像中的每个像素划分为不同的语义类别，为图像理解提供了更加细致的信息。
然而，由于实际场景中存在多尺度目标和复杂背景的干扰，语义分割任务仍面临诸多挑战。
为了解决这些问题，本文提出了一种基于多尺度和注意力机制融合的语义分割模型。
二、相关工作语义分割作为计算机视觉的一个关键任务，在近几年的研究中得到了广泛的关注。
目前主流的语义分割模型主要采用深度卷积神经网络（CNN）来实现。
这些模型通过捕获上下文信息、提高特征表达能力等手段提高分割精度。
然而，在处理多尺度目标和复杂背景时，这些模型仍存在局限性。
为了解决这些问题，本文提出了一种融合多尺度和注意力机制的语义分割模型。
三、模型与方法本文提出的模型主要由两个部分组成：多尺度特征提取和注意力机制融合。
（一）多尺度特征提取多尺度特征提取是提高语义分割性能的关键技术之一。
在本模型中，我们采用了不同尺度的卷积核和池化操作来提取图像的多尺度特征。
具体而言，我们设计了一个包含多种尺度卷积核的卷积层，以捕获不同尺度的目标信息。
此外，我们还采用了池化操作来获取更大尺度的上下文信息。
这些多尺度特征将被用于后续的注意力机制融合。
（二）注意力机制融合注意力机制是一种有效的提高模型性能的技术，可以使得模型更加关注重要的区域。
在本模型中，我们采用了自注意力机制和交叉注意力机制来提高模型的表达能力。
自注意力机制主要用于捕获每个像素的上下文信息，而交叉注意力机制则用于融合不同尺度特征之间的信息。
具体而言，我们通过在卷积层之间引入自注意力和交叉注意力模块，使得模型能够更好地关注重要区域和提取多尺度特征。
四、实验与结果为了验证本文提出的模型的性能，我们在公开的语义分割数据集上进行了一系列实验。
实验结果表明，本文提出的模型在处理多尺度目标和复杂背景时具有更好的性能。
招聘科研岗位笔试题及解答(某世界500强集团)(答案在后面)一、单项选择题（本大题有10小题，每小题2分，共20分）1、以下哪种算法是非监督学习的一种典型应用？A、决策树B、线性回归C、K-means聚类D、逻辑回归2、以下哪一项不是科研项目管理中的关键要素？A、项目的时间管理B、预算的制定与控制C、团队协作与人员管理D、营销策略3、在模型训练过程中，过拟合的现象通常发生在：A、训练初期B、训练中期C、训练后期D、训练结束时4、关于深度学习中的反向传播算法，下列描述正确的是：A、反向传播算法仅适用于浅层网络B、反向传播算法是用来优化模型参数的基本算法C、反向传播算法是用来正向传播信号的基本算法D、反向传播算法无法与梯度下降法结合使用5、科研项目管理的核心是什么？A、技术开发效率B、团队协作能力C、项目目标达成D、创新思维能力6、在实验设计中，什么是确保研究结果可重复性的关键？A、采取随机抽样B、使用复杂实验设备C、严格的实验操作规程D、确保数据收集的全面性7、在团队项目中，哪种沟通方式能够确保信息得到准确传递和理解？A、电子邮件B、口头报告C、面对面会议D、即时消息8、科学研究中，对于实验数据的处理和分析，哪种统计方法能够用于检测两组数据是否存在显著差异？A、卡方检验B、T检验C、方差分析D、回归分析9、在材料科学中，以下哪种材料被广泛用于电子元件中的绝缘层和防腐蚀保护？(A)铝 (B) 玻璃 (C) 聚四氟乙烯 (D) 钢 10、半导体材料在电子学中起着决定性作用，以下哪种半导体材料在其价带和导带之间具有最大的能量隙？(B)砷化镓 (B) 硅 (C) 锗 (D) 碳二、多项选择题（本大题有10小题，每小题4分，共40分）1、科研岗位员工在进行项目设计时，应遵循的原则有哪些？A. 创新性B. 科学性C. 可行性D. 经济性E. 规范性2、科研人员进行学术论文写作时，应注意以下哪些方面？A. 明确研究目的和意义B. 深入研究背景和现状C. 展示实验设计与方法D. 论述结果分析与讨论E. 清晰引文引用标注3、(多项选择题)在进行实验数据处理时，常用的统计方法包括哪些？A. 方差分析B. 偏差计算C. 回归分析D. 相关性分析E. 方差计算4、(多项选择题)以下哪些技术被广泛应用于现代科学研究中？A. 基因编辑技术B. 3D打印技术C. 云计算D. 物联网技术E. 深度学习5、在机器学习领域，以下哪些算法属于无监督学习？( ) A) k-means聚类B) 决策树 C) 支持向量机 D) 随机森林 E) 线性回归 F) 主成分分析6、在深度学习中，常用的卷积神经网络（CNN）结构有哪些常见的架构？( ) A) LeNet B) AlexNet C) VGG D) Inception E) LSTM F) Transformer7、以下关于科研项目管理的说法中，哪些是正确的？（）（2分）A、科研项目管理主要强调的是项目进度的控制。
模拟ai英文面试题目及答案模拟AI英文面试题目及答案1. 题目: What is the difference between a neural network anda deep learning model?答案: A neural network is a set of algorithms modeled loosely after the human brain that are designed to recognize patterns. A deep learning model is a neural network with multiple layers, allowing it to learn more complex patterns and features from data.2. 题目: Explain the concept of 'overfitting' in machine learning.答案: Overfitting occurs when a machine learning model learns the training data too well, including its noise and outliers, resulting in poor generalization to new, unseen data.3. 题目: What is the role of a 'bias' in an AI model?答案: Bias in an AI model refers to the systematic errors introduced by the model during the learning process. It can be due to the choice of model, the training data, or the algorithm's assumptions, and it can lead to unfair or inaccurate predictions.4. 题目: Describe the importance of data preprocessing in AI.答案: Data preprocessing is crucial in AI as it involves cleaning, transforming, and reducing the data to a suitableformat for the model to learn effectively. Proper preprocessing can significantly improve the performance of AI models by ensuring that the input data is relevant, accurate, and free from noise.5. 题目: How does reinforcement learning differ from supervised learning?答案: Reinforcement learning is a type of machine learning where an agent learns to make decisions by performing actions in an environment to maximize a reward signal. It differs from supervised learning, where the model learns from labeled data to predict outcomes based on input features.6. 题目: What is the purpose of a 'convolutional neural network' (CNN)?答案: A convolutional neural network (CNN) is a type of deep learning model that is particularly effective for processing data with a grid-like topology, such as images. CNNs use convolutional layers to automatically and adaptively learn spatial hierarchies of features from input images.7. 题目: Explain the concept of 'feature extraction' in AI.答案: Feature extraction in AI is the process of identifying and extracting relevant pieces of information from the raw data. It is a crucial step in many machine learning algorithms, as it helps to reduce the dimensionality of the data and to focus on the most informative aspects that can be used to make predictions or classifications.8. 题目: What is the significance of 'gradient descent' in training AI models?答案: Gradient descent is an optimization algorithm used to minimize a function by iteratively moving in the direction of steepest descent as defined by the negative of the gradient. In the context of AI, it is used to minimize the loss function of a model, thus refining the model's parameters to improve its accuracy.9. 题目: How does 'transfer learning' work in AI?答案: Transfer learning is a technique where a pre-trained model is used as the starting point for learning a new task. It leverages the knowledge gained from one problem to improve performance on a different but related problem, reducing the need for large amounts of labeled data and computational resources.10. 题目: What is the role of 'regularization' in preventing overfitting?答案: Regularization is a technique used to prevent overfitting by adding a penalty term to the loss function, which discourages overly complex models. It helps to control the model's capacity, forcing it to generalize better to new data by not fitting too closely to the training data.。
建模算法（Modeling algorithm）1. Monte Carlo algorithm. The algorithm is also called random simulation algorithm, which is the algorithm to solve the problem through computer simulation. At the same time, it can verify the correctness of the model by simulation. It is almost the method that must be used in the game.2. data processing algorithms, such as data fitting, parameter estimation, interpolation, etc.. Games usually encounter a lot of data that needs to be processed, and the key to data processing is that these algorithms usually use MATLAB as a tool.3. linear programming, integer programming, multiple planning, two programming and other planning algorithms. Most of the problems in the modeling contest belong to optimization problems. In many cases, these problems can be described by mathematical programming algorithms, and usually solved by Lindo and Lingo software.4. graph theory algorithm. This algorithm can be divided into many kinds, including the shortest path, network flow, two points diagram and other algorithms, involving the graph theory problems can be solved by these methods, need to seriously prepare.5. computer algorithms, such as dynamic programming, backtracking search, divide and conquer algorithm, branch and bound algorithm. These algorithms are commonly used in the algorithm design, competition will be used in many occasions.6. non classical algorithms of optimization theory: simulated annealing algorithm, neural network algorithm, and genetic algorithm (three). These problems are used to solve some difficult optimization problems, which are very helpful for some problems, but the implementation of the algorithm is difficult and needs careful use.7. mesh algorithm and exhaustive method. Both are the most violent search algorithms have advantages, applications in many competitions, when focus on the model itself and despise the algorithm, you can use this violence program, it is best to use some advanced language as programming tool.8. some discretization methods for continuous data. Many problems are actual, data can be continuous, and the computer can only deal with discrete data, so the discrete difference, instead of differential summation instead of integral thought is very important.9. numerical analysis algorithm. If you use high-level language programming in the game, those commonly used algorithms in numerical analysis, such as equations solving, matrix calculation, function integration algorithm, you need to write additional library functions to call.10. image processing algorithm. Cup title has about a class of problems with graphics, graphics and even if the problem has nothing to do, we also will need pictures to illustrate the problem, these figures show how and how to deal with is the need to solve the problem, usually use MATLAB for processing.The following will be combined with competition issues over the years, the ten types of algorithms are described in detail.The following will be combined with competition issues over the years, the ten types of algorithms are described in detail.A detailed description of the 20 algorithms2.1 Monte Carlo algorithmMost modeling problems can not be separated from computer simulation, random simulation is one of the most common algorithms.One example is the 97 year A title, each part has its own calibration value, also have their own tolerance level, while the optimal combination scheme will face is a very complicated formula and 108 kinds of tolerance selection, it is impossible to obtain analytical solutions, then how to find the best solution? Stochastic simulation is a method to search the optimal solution in the feasible interval of each parts in accordance with the normal distribution of random selection of a calibration value and selects a tolerance value as a solution, and then through the Monte Carlo simulation algorithm of a large number of programs, from selecting a best. Another example is the last of the lottery second Q, needs to design a better solution, the first scheme depends on many complicated factors, the same can not describe for a model that can only rely on random simulation.2.2 data fitting, parameter estimation, interpolation andother algorithmsData fitting is used in many questions, many problems associated with graphics processing and fitting relationship, is an example of 98 years in the United States A title game, 3D interpolation of biological tissue sections, the 94 title in A altitude of the mountain cut paths through mountains, interpolation calculation,There is also a lot of noise, may be the "SARS" problem also need to use the data fitting algorithm, observe the trend of the data processing. Such problems in MATLAB have many ready-made functions can be called, familiar with MATLAB, these methods can be used with ease and ease.2.3 programming class problem algorithmThe competition there are many problems and mathematical programming, can be said that many of the models can be reduced to a set of inequality constraints, as some function as the objective function of the problem, meet this kind of problem solving is the key, for example, 98 years of B problem, with a lot of different type can describe clearly, to more convenient solution with Lindo and Lingo software, so the listing plan, so also need to be familiar with the two software.2.4 graph theory problem98 years, B 00 years B, 95 years of packing locks problems reflect the importance of the problem of graph theory, there are many algorithms for this problem include: Dijkstra, Floyd,Prim, Bellman-Ford, maximum flow, two points, etc.. Each algorithm should be implemented once, otherwise it will be written late in the game.2.5 problems in the design of computer algorithmsComputer algorithm design includes many contents: dynamic programming, backtracking search, divide and conquer algorithm, branch and bound. For example, 92 year B problem using branch and bound method, 97 year B problem is a typical dynamic programming problem, in addition, 98 year B problem reflects the divide and conquer algorithm. This problem is similar to the problem in the ACM programming contest. It is recommended to look at the book "computer algorithm design and analysis" (Electronic Industry Press) and other computer related books.Three non classical algorithms of 2.6 optimization theoryThe optimization theory has developed rapidly in the past ten years. The three algorithms, simulated annealing, neural network and genetic algorithm, are developing very fast. In recent years, the competition is more and more complex, not what good model for many problems we can learn, so these three kinds of algorithm many times can come in handy, for example: 97 years of simulated annealing algorithm A problem, neural network classification algorithm B problem for 00 years, 01 years as B problem this problem can also be the use of neural network, and the competition for 89 years A questions and BP algorithms, was just 86 years of proposed BP algorithm, 89 years passed, that tournament title may be abstract reflect today'scutting-edge technology. 03 years B gamma knife is a researchtopic, the current algorithm is the best genetic algorithm.2.7 mesh algorithm and exhaustive algorithmJust like the exhaustion method, the mesh method is only the exhaustive problem of the continuous problem. For example, the optimization problem in the case of N variables, then the space for picking these variables, for example, in the [a; b] interval, take M +1 points, that is, a; a+ (B-A) /M; a+2 (B-A) /M;...... B, then this cycle requires (M + 1) N times operation, so the amount of calculation is great. For example, 97 year A problem, 99 year B problem can be searched by grid method, this method is best in the operation speed is fasterIn the computer, but also to use high-level language to do, it is best not to use MATLAB as a grid, otherwise it will be long. Exhaustive method is familiar to everyone, do not say.2.8 some discretization methods for continuous dataMost of the programming of physics problems are related to this method. The physics problem reflects that we live in a continuous world. The computer can only deal with the discrete quantity, so it is necessary to discretize the continuous quantity. This method is widely used and is related to many algorithms above. In fact, the grid algorithm, the Monte Carlo algorithm and the simulated annealing use this idea.2.9 numerical analysis algorithmThis algorithm is specially designed for advanced languages.If you use MATLAB, Mathematica, you don't need to prepare, because there are many functions in numerical analysis, such as general mathematical software.2.10 image processing algorithmIn the 01 year A question, you need to read the BMP image and the 98 year A question of the American tournament. You need to know the 3D interpolation calculation,In the 03 year, the B question requires higher, not only the programming calculation, but also the processing, and the digital model paper also has many pictures to display, therefore the image processing is the key. It is important to learn MATLAB well, especially the part of image processing.。
