WTO常用词汇

W T O简明术语AAccession 加入（世界贸易组织）Acceptable risk level 可接受的风险水平ACP---African、Caribbean and Pacific 非加太国家Actionable subsidy 可诉补贴Ad valorem tariff 从价税Aggregate measurement of support（AMS）（农业国内支持）综合支持量Agreement on Agriculture 《农业协议》Agreement on Textiles and Clothing（ATC）《纺织品与服装协议》Air transport services 空运服务Amber box measures （农业国内支持）“黄箱”措施Annex 附件Annual bound commitment（农业国内支持）年度约束水平Anti-circumvention 反规避Anti-competitive practice 反竞争行为Anti-dumping duty 反倾销税Audiovisual services 视听服务Automatic licensing 自动许可Appendix 附录Appeal （争端解决）上诉Appellate body （争端解决）上诉机构Appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection 适当的动植物卫生保护水平Acquisition of intellectual property rights 知识产权的获得Arbitration 仲裁Areas of low pest or disease prevalence 病虫害低度流行区Assessment of risk 风险评估Association of Southeast Asian Nations（ASEAN）东南亚国家联盟（东盟）Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relations（ANCER）《澳大利亚新西兰紧密经济关系协定》BBerne Convention 《伯尔尼公约》Base tariff level 基础税率Basic Instrument and Selected Documents（BISD）《基本文件和资料选编》Basic telecommunication services 基础电信服务Best information available （反倾销）可获得的最佳信息Blue box measures （农业国内支持）“蓝箱”措施Balance-of-payments（BOP）provisions 国际收支条款Built-in agenda （世界贸易组织）既定议程Business services 商务服务Bound level 约束水平Bretton Woods Conference 布雷顿森林会议CCairns Group 凯恩斯集团Causal link 因果联系Ceiling bindings （关税）上限约束Central Product Classification（CPC）《（联合国）中心产品分类》Challenge Procedures （政府采购）质疑程序Clean report of findings 检验结果清洁报告书Codex Alimentarius Commission（CAC）食品法典委员会Common Agriculture Policy（CAP）（欧洲共同体）共同农业政策Communication services 通信服务Conciliation 调解Confidential information 机密信息Conformity assessment procedures 合格评定程序Circumvention 规避Combined tariff 复合税Commercial presence （服务贸易）商业存在Committee on Trade and Development（CTD）贸易与发展委员会Committee on Trade and Environment（CTE）贸易与环境委员会Compensation 补偿Competition policy 竞争政策Complaining party （争端解决）申诉方Computed value 计算价格Consensus 协商一致Constructed value （反倾销）结构价格Consultation 磋商Consumption abroad （服务贸易）境外消费Copyright 版权Council for Trade in Goods（CTG）货物贸易理事会Counterfeit trademark goods 冒牌货Counter-notification 反向通知Countervailing duty 反补贴税Contraction parties 关税与贸易总协定缔约方Cross border supply （服务贸易）跨境交付Cross retaliation 交叉报复Currency retention scheme 货币留成制度Current market access（CMA）现行市场准入Current total AMS （农业国内支持）现行综合支持量Customs duty 关税Customs tariff 海关税率，海关税则Customs value 海关完税价值Customs valuation 海关估价Customs union 关税同盟DDeveloped member 发达成员Developing member 发展中成员Direct payment （农业国内支持）直接支付Distribution services 分销服务Domestic industry 国内产业Domestic production 国内生产Domestic sales requirement 国内销售要求Domestic subsidy 国内补贴Domestic support （农业）国内支持Dispute Settlement Body 争端解决机构Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes（DSU）《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》Due restraint （对农产品反补贴）适当克制Dumping 倾销Dumping margin 倾销幅度EEconomies in transition 转型经济体Enabling clause 授权条款Enforcement of intellectual property rights 知识产权法Equivalence （检验检疫标准）等效性European Communities（EC）欧洲共同体European Free Trade Association （EFTA）欧洲自由贸易联盟Electronic commerce 电子商务Enquiry point 咨询点European Union 欧洲联盟Exhaustion of intellectual property rights 知识产权权利用尽Existing subject matter （知识产权）现有客体Ex officio 依职权Export credit 出口信贷Export credit guarantee 出口信贷担保Export subsidy 出口补贴FFall-back method （海关估价）“回顾”方法Findings 争端解决调查结果First-come first served 先来先得Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO）联合国粮农组织Food security 粮食安全Foreign direct investment（FDI）外国直接投资Foreign exchange balancing requirement 外汇平衡要求Free-rider 搭便车（指根据最惠国待遇享受其他成员贸易减让而不进行相应减让的成员）Free trade area 自由贸易区GGATT 1947 《1947年关税与贸易总协定》GATT 1994 《1994年关税与贸易总协定》General Agreement on Trade in Service（GATS）《服务贸易总协定》General Agreement on Tariff and Trade （GATT）《关税与贸易总协定》General Council 总理事会General exceptions 一般例外Geographical indications （知识产权）地理标识Genetically Modified Organisms（GMO）转基因生物Good offices 斡旋Government procurement 政府采购Green box measures （农业国内支持）“绿箱”措施Grey area measures 灰色区域措施General Preferential System（GPS）普惠制HHarmonized Commodity Description and Coding System（HS）《商品名称及编码协调制度》Havana Charter 哈瓦那宪章Horizontal commitments （服务贸易）水平承诺IIdentical product 相同产品Illustrative list 例示清单Import deposits 进口押金Import licensing 进口许可Import substitution 进口替代Import surcharge 进口附加税Import variable duties 进口差价税Industrial designs 工业设计Infant industry 幼稚产业Information Technology Agreement（ITA）《信息技术协议》Injunctions 禁令Initial negotiating rights （INRs）最初谈判权（初谈权）Integration process 一体化进程Intellectual property rights（IPRs）知识产权Internal taxes 国内税International Labor Organization (ILO ) 国际劳工组织International Monetary Fund （IMF）国际货币基金组织International Organization for Standardization （ISO）国际标准化组织International Plant Protection Convention 《国际植物保护公约》International Textile and Clothing Bureau （ITCB）国际纺织品与服装局International Trade Organization （ITO）国际贸易组织International Trade Center （ITC）国际贸易中心International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴开发银行JJudicial review 司法审议Judicial person （服务贸易）法人KLLayout-designs（Topographies）of integrated circuits 集成电路外观设计（拓扑图）Least-developed countries （LDCs）最不发达国家License fee （知识产权）许可费Like product 同类产品Limited tendering （政府采购）有限招标Local content requirement 当地含量要求Local equity requirement 当地股份要求Mad-cow disease 疯牛病Maintenance of intellectual property rights 知识产权的维护Maritime transport services 海运服务Market access 市场准入Market boards 市场营销机构Market price support 市场价格支持Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization 《建立世界贸易组织马拉喀什协定》Marrakesh protocol 《马拉喀什协定书》Material injury 实质损害Medication 调停Minimum market access （MMA）最低市场准入Minimum values （海关估价）最低限价Most-favored-nation treatment （MFN）最惠国待遇MFN exemptions （服务贸易）最惠国待遇例外Ministerial conference 部长级会议Modalities 模式Modulation of quota clause （保障措施）配额调整条款Movement of natural persons 自然人流动Multi-Fiber Arrangement （MFA）《多种纤维协定》Multilateral trade negotiations （MTNs）多边贸易谈判Mutual recognition agreement 相互承认协议NNational treatment 国民待遇Natural person 自然人Negative standard （原产地）否定标准Neighboring rights （版权）邻接权New issues （世界贸易组织）新议题Non-actionable subsidy 不可诉补贴Non-automatic licensing 非自动许可Non-discrimination 非歧视Non-violation complaints 非违规之诉North American Free Trade Agreement（NAFTA）《北美自由贸易协定》Notification obligation 通知义务Non-tariff measures（NTMs）非关税措施Non-trade concern 非贸易关切Nullification or impairment （利益）丧失或减损Offer （谈判）出价Open tendering （政府采购）公开招标Orderly marketing arrangement （OMA）有序销售安排Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development（OEDC）经济合作与发展组织Original member （世界贸易组织）创始成员PPanel 争端解决专家组Paris convention 《巴黎公约》Patents 专利Peace clause 关于农产品反补贴的和平条款Pest or disease-free area 病虫害非疫区Pirated copyright goods 盗版货Plurilateral agreement 诸边协议Positive standard （原产地）肯定标准Presence of natural person 自然人存在Preshipment inspection 装运前检验Price verification （装运前检验）价格核实Price undertaking （反倾销）价格承诺Principal supplying interest 主要供应利益Product mandating requirement 产品授权要求Product-to-product method 产品对产品（谈判）方法Production subsidy 生产补贴Professional services 专业服务Prohibited subsidy 被禁止的补贴Protocol accession 加入议定书Protocol of Provisional Application of GATT 关贸总协定临时适用协议书Provisional application 临时适用Prudential measures 审慎措施QQuads 四方集团（至美国、欧盟、日本和加拿大）Quantitative restrictions 数量限制Quantity trigger level （农业特殊保障措施）数量触发水平RReciprocity 对等Recommendations （争端解决）建议Reference years 参照年Regional trade agreements 区域贸易协议Request （谈判）要价Responding Party （争端解决）应诉方Restrictive business practices 限制性商业惯例Risk analysis 风险分析Risk assessment 风险评估Roll-back 逐步退回Rome convention 《罗马公约》Round （知识产权）使用费Rules of origin 原产地规则SSafeguards 保障措施Sanitary and phytosanitary （SPS）measures 卫生与植物措施Schedule of commitments （服务贸易）承诺表Schedule of concessions （货物贸易）减让表Sectoral negotiations 部门谈判Security exceptions 安全例外Selective tendering （政府采购）选择性招标Separate customs territory 单独关税区Serious injury 严重损害Serious prejudice 严重侵害Simple average tariff 简单平均关税Similar product 类似产品Special and differential（S&D）treatment provisions 特殊与差别待遇条款Special Drawing Rights （SDRs）（国际货币基金组织）特别提款权Special safeguard（SSG）measures （农产品）特殊保障措施Specific tariff 从量税Specificity （补贴）专项性Standardizing bodies 标准化机构Standards 标准Standstill 维持现状State trading enterprises （STEs）国营贸易企业Subsidy 补贴Subsidies in general 一般补贴Substantial supplying interest 实质供应利益Substantial transformation （产品）实质改变Suspend concessions 暂停减让TTariffs 关税Tariff bindings 关税约束Tariff classification 税则归类Tariff concessions 关税减让Tariff equivalent 关税等值Tariff escalation 关税升级Tariff headings 税目Tariffication 关税化Tariff line 税号Tariff peaks 关税高峰Tariff rate quotas/ Tariff quotas （TRQ）关税配额Technical assistance 技术援助Technical barriers to trade（TBT）技术性贸易壁垒Technical regulationsTelecommunication services 电信服务Terms of reference （TOR）（争端解决专家组）职责范围Textile Monitoring Body （TMB）（关税与贸易总协定）纺织品监督机构Textile Surveillance Body (TSB) (关税与贸易总协定)纺织品监督机构Tokyo Round Codes 东京回合守则Total AMS （农业国内支持）综合支持总量Trade-balancing requirement 贸易平衡要求Trade facilitation 贸易便利化Trade in civil aircraft 民用航空器贸易Trade in goods 货物贸易Trade in services 服务贸易Trademark（TM）商标Trade Policy Review Body （TPRB）贸易政策审议机构Trade Policy Review Mechanism （TPRM）贸易政策审议机制Trade-related intellectual property rights （TRIPs）与贸易有关的知识产权Trade-related investment measures （TRIMs）Trade remedies 贸易救济（措施）Trade-weighted average tariff 贸易加权平均关税Transaction Value 成交价格Transition economies 转型经济体Transitional safeguard measures （纺织品）过渡性保障措施Transparency 透明度Transport services 运输服务Trigger prices （农产品特殊保障措施）触发价格UUndisclosed information （知识产权）未公开信息United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易与发展会议Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合VVariable duties 差价税Value-added telecommunication services 增值电信服务Voluntary export restraints （VERs）自愿出口限制WWaiver （义务）豁免Washington Treaty 《华盛顿条约》Withdraw concessions 撤回减让World Customs Organization（WCO）世界海关组织World Intellectual Property Organization （WIPO）世界知识产权组织World Trade Organization（WTO）世界贸易组织WTO Members 世界贸易组织全体成员WTO Secretariat 世界贸易组织秘书处。

W T O简明术语AAccession 加入（世界贸易组织）Acceptable risk level 可接受的风险水平ACP---African、Caribbean and Pacific 非加太国家Actionable subsidy 可诉补贴Ad valorem tariff 从价税Aggregate measurement of support（AMS）（农业国内支持）综合支持量Agreement on Agriculture 《农业协议》Agreement on Textiles and Clothing（ATC）《纺织品与服装协议》Air transport services 空运服务Amber box measures （农业国内支持）“黄箱”措施Annex 附件Annual bound commitment （农业国内支持）年度约束水平Anti-circumvention 反规避Anti-competitive practice 反竞争行为Anti-dumping duty 反倾销税Audiovisual services 视听服务Automatic licensing 自动许可Appendix 附录Appeal （争端解决）上诉Appellate body （争端解决）上诉机构Appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection 适当的动植物卫生保护水平Acquisition of intellectual property rights 知识产权的获得Arbitration 仲裁Areas of low pest or disease prevalence 病虫害低度流行区Assessment of risk 风险评估Association of Southeast Asian Nations（ASEAN）东南亚国家联盟（东盟）Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relations（ANCER）《澳大利亚新西兰紧密经济关系协定》BBerne Convention 《伯尔尼公约》Base tariff level 基础税率Basic Instrument and Selected Documents（BISD）《基本文件和资料选编》Basic telecommunication services 基础电信服务Best information available （反倾销）可获得的最佳信息Blue box measures （农业国内支持）“蓝箱”措施Balance-of-payments（BOP）provisions 国际收支条款Built-in agenda （世界贸易组织）既定议程Business services 商务服务Bound level 约束水平Bretton Woods Conference 布雷顿森林会议CCairns Group 凯恩斯集团Causal link 因果联系Ceiling bindings （关税）上限约束Central Product Classification（CPC）《（联合国）中心产品分类》Challenge Procedures （政府采购）质疑程序Clean report of findings 检验结果清洁报告书Codex Alimentarius Commission（CAC）食品法典委员会Common Agriculture Policy（CAP）（欧洲共同体）共同农业政策Communication services 通信服务Conciliation 调解Confidential information 机密信息Conformity assessment procedures 合格评定程序Circumvention 规避Combined tariff 复合税Commercial presence （服务贸易）商业存在Committee on Trade and Development（CTD）贸易与发展委员会Committee on Trade and Environment（CTE）贸易与环境委员会Compensation 补偿Competition policy 竞争政策Complaining party （争端解决）申诉方Computed value 计算价格Consensus 协商一致Constructed value （反倾销）结构价格Consultation 磋商Consumption abroad （服务贸易）境外消费Copyright 版权Council for Trade in Goods（CTG）货物贸易理事会Counterfeit trademark goods 冒牌货Counter-notification 反向通知Countervailing duty 反补贴税Contraction parties 关税与贸易总协定缔约方Cross border supply （服务贸易）跨境交付Cross retaliation 交叉报复Currency retention scheme 货币留成制度Current market access（CMA）现行市场准入Current total AMS （农业国内支持）现行综合支持量Customs duty 关税Customs tariff 海关税率，海关税则Customs value 海关完税价值Customs valuation 海关估价Customs union 关税同盟DDeveloped member 发达成员Developing member 发展中成员Direct payment （农业国内支持）直接支付Distribution services 分销服务Domestic industry 国内产业Domestic production 国内生产Domestic sales requirement 国内销售要求Domestic subsidy 国内补贴Domestic support （农业）国内支持Dispute Settlement Body 争端解决机构Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes（DSU）《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》Due restraint （对农产品反补贴）适当克制Dumping 倾销Dumping margin 倾销幅度EEconomies in transition 转型经济体Enabling clause 授权条款Enforcement of intellectual property rights 知识产权法Equivalence （检验检疫标准）等效性European Communities（EC）欧洲共同体European Free Trade Association （EFTA）欧洲自由贸易联盟Electronic commerce 电子商务Enquiry point 咨询点European Union 欧洲联盟Exhaustion of intellectual property rights 知识产权权利用尽Existing subject matter （知识产权）现有客体Ex officio 依职权Export credit 出口信贷Export credit guarantee 出口信贷担保Export subsidy 出口补贴FFall-back method （海关估价）“回顾”方法Findings 争端解决调查结果First-come first served 先来先得Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO）联合国粮农组织Food security 粮食安全Foreign direct investment（FDI）外国直接投资Foreign exchange balancing requirement 外汇平衡要求Free-rider 搭便车（指根据最惠国待遇享受其他成员贸易减让而不进行相应减让的成员）Free trade area 自由贸易区GGATT 1947 《1947年关税与贸易总协定》GATT 1994 《1994年关税与贸易总协定》General Agreement on Trade in Service（GATS）《服务贸易总协定》General Agreement on Tariff and Trade （GATT）《关税与贸易总协定》General Council 总理事会General exceptions 一般例外Geographical indications （知识产权）地理标识Genetically Modified Organisms（GMO）转基因生物Good offices 斡旋Government procurement 政府采购Green box measures （农业国内支持）“绿箱”措施Grey area measures 灰色区域措施General Preferential System（GPS）普惠制HHarmonized Commodity Description and Coding System（HS）《商品名称及编码协调制度》Havana Charter 哈瓦那宪章Horizontal commitments （服务贸易）水平承诺IIdentical product 相同产品Illustrative list 例示清单Import deposits 进口押金Import licensing 进口许可Import substitution 进口替代Import surcharge 进口附加税Import variable duties 进口差价税Industrial designs 工业设计Infant industry 幼稚产业Information Technology Agreement（ITA）《信息技术协议》Injunctions 禁令Initial negotiating rights （INRs）最初谈判权（初谈权）Integration process 一体化进程Intellectual property rights（IPRs）知识产权Internal taxes 国内税International Labor Organization (ILO ) 国际劳工组织International Monetary Fund （IMF）国际货币基金组织International Organization for Standardization （ISO）国际标准化组织International Plant Protection Convention 《国际植物保护公约》International Textile and Clothing Bureau （ITCB）国际纺织品与服装局International Trade Organization （ITO）国际贸易组织International Trade Center （ITC）国际贸易中心International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴开发银行JJudicial review 司法审议Judicial person （服务贸易）法人KLLayout-designs（Topographies）of integrated circuits 集成电路外观设计（拓扑图）Least-developed countries （LDCs）最不发达国家License fee （知识产权）许可费Like product 同类产品Limited tendering （政府采购）有限招标Local content requirement 当地含量要求Local equity requirement 当地股份要求MMad-cow disease 疯牛病Maintenance of intellectual property rights 知识产权的维护Maritime transport services 海运服务Market access 市场准入Market boards 市场营销机构Market price support 市场价格支持Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization 《建立世界贸易组织马拉喀什协定》Marrakesh protocol 《马拉喀什协定书》Material injury 实质损害Medication 调停Minimum market access （MMA）最低市场准入Minimum values （海关估价）最低限价Most-favored-nation treatment （MFN）最惠国待遇MFN exemptions （服务贸易）最惠国待遇例外Ministerial conference 部长级会议Modalities 模式Modulation of quota clause （保障措施）配额调整条款Movement of natural persons 自然人流动Multi-Fiber Arrangement （MFA）《多种纤维协定》Multilateral trade negotiations （MTNs）多边贸易谈判Mutual recognition agreement 相互承认协议NNational treatment 国民待遇Natural person 自然人Negative standard （原产地）否定标准Neighboring rights （版权）邻接权New issues （世界贸易组织）新议题Non-actionable subsidy 不可诉补贴Non-automatic licensing 非自动许可Non-discrimination 非歧视Non-violation complaints 非违规之诉North American Free Trade Agreement（NAFTA）《北美自由贸易协定》Notification obligation 通知义务Non-tariff measures（NTMs）非关税措施Non-trade concern 非贸易关切Nullification or impairment （利益）丧失或减损oOffer （谈判）出价Open tendering （政府采购）公开招标Orderly marketing arrangement （OMA）有序销售安排Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development（OEDC）经济合作与发展组织Original member （世界贸易组织）创始成员PPanel 争端解决专家组Paris convention 《巴黎公约》Patents 专利Peace clause 关于农产品反补贴的和平条款Pest or disease-free area 病虫害非疫区Pirated copyright goods 盗版货Plurilateral agreement 诸边协议Positive standard （原产地）肯定标准Presence of natural person 自然人存在Preshipment inspection 装运前检验Price verification （装运前检验）价格核实Price undertaking （反倾销）价格承诺Principal supplying interest 主要供应利益Product mandating requirement 产品授权要求Product-to-product method 产品对产品（谈判）方法Production subsidy 生产补贴Professional services 专业服务Prohibited subsidy 被禁止的补贴Protocol accession 加入议定书Protocol of Provisional Application of GATT 关贸总协定临时适用协议书Provisional application 临时适用Prudential measures 审慎措施QQuads 四方集团（至美国、欧盟、日本和加拿大）Quantitative restrictions 数量限制Quantity trigger level （农业特殊保障措施）数量触发水平RReciprocity 对等Recommendations （争端解决）建议Reference years 参照年Regional trade agreements 区域贸易协议Request （谈判）要价Responding Party （争端解决）应诉方Restrictive business practices 限制性商业惯例Risk analysis 风险分析Risk assessment 风险评估Roll-back 逐步退回Rome convention 《罗马公约》Round （知识产权）使用费Rules of origin 原产地规则SSafeguards 保障措施Sanitary and phytosanitary （SPS）measures 卫生与植物措施Schedule of commitments （服务贸易）承诺表Schedule of concessions （货物贸易）减让表Sectoral negotiations 部门谈判Security exceptions 安全例外Selective tendering （政府采购）选择性招标Separate customs territory 单独关税区Serious injury 严重损害Serious prejudice 严重侵害Simple average tariff 简单平均关税Similar product 类似产品Special and differential（S&D）treatment provisions 特殊与差别待遇条款Special Drawing Rights （SDRs）（国际货币基金组织）特别提款权Special safeguard（SSG）measures （农产品）特殊保障措施Specific tariff 从量税Specificity （补贴）专项性Standardizing bodies 标准化机构Standards 标准Standstill 维持现状State trading enterprises （STEs）国营贸易企业Subsidy 补贴Subsidies in general 一般补贴Substantial supplying interest 实质供应利益Substantial transformation （产品）实质改变Suspend concessions 暂停减让TTariffs 关税Tariff bindings 关税约束Tariff classification 税则归类Tariff concessions 关税减让Tariff equivalent 关税等值Tariff escalation 关税升级Tariff headings 税目Tariffication 关税化Tariff line 税号Tariff peaks 关税高峰Tariff rate quotas/ Tariff quotas （TRQ）关税配额Technical assistance 技术援助Technical barriers to trade（TBT）技术性贸易壁垒Technical regulationsTelecommunication services 电信服务Terms of reference （TOR）（争端解决专家组）职责范围Textile Monitoring Body （TMB）（关税与贸易总协定）纺织品监督机构Textile Surveillance Body (TSB) (关税与贸易总协定)纺织品监督机构Tokyo Round Codes 东京回合守则Total AMS （农业国内支持）综合支持总量Trade-balancing requirement 贸易平衡要求Trade facilitation 贸易便利化Trade in civil aircraft 民用航空器贸易Trade in goods 货物贸易Trade in services 服务贸易Trademark（TM）商标Trade Policy Review Body （TPRB）贸易政策审议机构Trade Policy Review Mechanism （TPRM）贸易政策审议机制Trade-related intellectual property rights （TRIPs）与贸易有关的知识产权Trade-related investment measures （TRIMs）Trade remedies 贸易救济（措施）Trade-weighted average tariff 贸易加权平均关税Transaction Value 成交价格Transition economies 转型经济体Transitional safeguard measures （纺织品）过渡性保障措施Transparency 透明度Transport services 运输服务Trigger prices （农产品特殊保障措施）触发价格UUndisclosed information （知识产权）未公开信息United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易与发展会议Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合VVariable duties 差价税Value-added telecommunication services 增值电信服务Voluntary export restraints （VERs）自愿出口限制WWaiver （义务）豁免Washington Treaty 《华盛顿条约》Withdraw concessions 撤回减让World Customs Organization（WCO）世界海关组织World Intellectual Property Organization （WIPO）世界知识产权组织World Trade Organization（WTO）世界贸易组织WTO Members 世界贸易组织全体成员WTO Secretariat 世界贸易组织秘书处。

对外贸易常用词汇(中、英文对照)1. 商业科Aabove par 高于票面值absolute advantage 绝对优势acceptance （l）承兑；承兑票据，（2）承诺acceptance of bill of exchange 汇票承兑；票据承兑acceptor 承兑人accident insurance 意外保险account （1）帐；账户，（2）科目，（3）客帐account payable 应付帐款account payee only 只限存入抬头人账户；只可转帐account receivable 应收帐款accountant 会计人员；会计主任；会计师accumulated dividend 累积股息acid-test ratio 酸性测验比率active partner 参与管理合伙人；活跃合伙人ad hoc committee 临时委员会；专责委员会administration 行政advertising 广告advertising agency 广告公司；广告代理商advertising appeal 广告诉求advertising media 广告媒介advice note 交货通知书agent 代理人aids to trade 贸易辅助服务air freight 航空货运费air transport 航空运输air waybill 空运提货单；空运提单All Ordinaries Index 所有普通股指数allocate 分配allotment 分配数allowance （l）折让，（2）津贴amalgamation 合并American Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong, The 香港美国商会annual general meeting 周年大会；年会annual report 年报ante-dated cheque 倒填日期的支票arbitrator 仲裁人Articles of Association 组织章程Asian Development Bank (ADB) 亚洲发展银行asset 资产association 社团at par 按票面值auction 拍卖authorized capital 注册股本；法定股本auto-pay 自动转帐支付automatic credit transfer 自动转帐收款automatic teller machine 自动柜员机average clause 受保范围；损失条款avoidable risk 可避免之风险Bbad debt 呆帐；坏帐balance of payments 国际收支差额balance of trade 国际贸易差额balance sheet 资产负债表bank credit 银行信用bank draft 银行汇票bank interest rate 银行利率bank note 钞票bank overdraft 银行透支bank services 银行服务Banking Ordinance 银行业条例bankruptcy 破产barter 以货易货；物物交换bear 看淡股市者；淡友bear market 熊市；淡市bearer bond 息票债券；不记名债券bearer cheque 来人支票；不记名支票bearer share 无记名股票below par 低于票面值best lending rate 最优惠贷款利率；最优惠利率bilateral arrangement 双边协议bill of exchange 汇票bill of lading 提货单bill payable 应付票据bill receivable 应收票据blue chips 蓝筹股board of directors 董事会；董事局bond 债券bonded warehouse 公税仓bonus 红利；花红bonus issue 发行红股bonus share 红股；股票股息book value 账面值；账面成本brand 牌子；品牌brand image 牌子形象；品牌形象brand loyalty 对牌子忠诚brand name 商标；品牌名称；牌子名称broker 经纪brokerage firm 经纪行budget 预算bulk-breaking 分件bulk-buying 大量购买bull 看好股市者；好友bull market 牛市；旺市burglary insurance 盗窃保险business enterprise 企业机构business entity 企业个体business organization 企业组织business registration certificate 商业登记证business reply service 商业回邮服务Ccall option 买入期权callable bond 可赎回债券called-up capital 已催缴股本capital 资金；资本capital employed 动用资金capital expenditure 资本支出capital gearing 资金借贷比率capital goods 资本物品capital intensive 资本密集capital market 资本市场capital reserve 资本公积金；资金储备capitalization （1）资本化；利益资本化；（2）资本总额cargo insurance 货物保险；货运险carriage forward 运费到付；货价不包括运费carriage paid 运费已付；货价包括运费carrier （1）运货工具，（2）承运商cash discount 现金折扣cash dispenser 现金提款机cash flow 现金流转；现金流量cash on delivery (COD) 交货付现cash sale 现销cash with order 订货付现cashier order 银行本票caveat emptor 购者自慎certificate of incorporation 公司注册证certificate of origin 产地来源证；来源证certificate of posting 投寄邮件证明书chain store 连锁商店channel of distribution 分销途径；分销渠道cheque clearance 支票交换Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, The 香港中华总商会Chinese Gold & Silver Exchange Society, The 金银业贸易场Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong, The 香港中华厂商联合会circulating asset 流动资产circulating capital 营运资金；周转资金；流动资本classified advertising 分类广告clearing house 票据交换所co-operative society 合作社co-partner 合伙人code of practice 操作守则coinsurance 共负保险collateral 抵押品collect call 接听人付费长途电话commercial paper 商业票据commission （1）佣金，（2）手续费commodities futures market 商品期货市场commodity 商品commodity exchange 商品交易所；期货交易所common carrier （1）运输业，（2）承运商common stock 普通股communication networks 通讯网Companies Ordinance 公司条例Companies Registry 公司注册处comparative advantage 比较优势compensating balance 补偿性最低存款额competitive advertising 竞争性广告confirmed letter of credit 保兑信用证；保兑信用状consequential loss 灾后损失；后果性损失；间接性损失consignment 寄销consignment note 托运通知书consular invoice 领事签证单；领事发票consumer behaviour 消费者行为Consumer Council 消费者委员会Consumer Council Ordinance 消费者委员会条例consumer goods 消费品consumer loyalty 消费者忠诚consumer market 消费者市场consumer survey 消费者调查container 货柜；货箱containerization 货柜运输；货柜化contract 合约；契约；合同contributed capital 缴入资本convenience goods 便利品convenience store 便利店；便利店铺convertible bond 可调换公司债券；可换债券convertible preference share 可转换优先股copyright 版权corporation 公司cost and freight (C & F) 成本包括运费cost of goods sold 销货成本cost, insurance and freight (CIF) 货价、保险及运费；到岸价格courier service 速递服务covered warrant 备兑认股权证；回购认股证credit （l）贷方，（2）贷项，（3）贷记，（4）贷入，（5）赊帐，（6）信用credit card 信用卡credit insurance 信用保险；信贷保险credit note 贷项通知单；入帐通知书credit period 赊帐期间credit policy 信用政策；信贷政策credit sale 赊售；赊销credit transfer 贷项转帐credit union 储蓄互助社credit worthiness 信贷可靠性creditor 债权人crossed cheque 划线支票cum dividend 带息cumulative dividend 累积股息cumulative preference share 累积优先股current account （1）往来存款账户；活期存款账户，（2）往来帐current asset 流动资产current liability 流动负债current ratio 流动比率customs 海关customs duty 关税Ddata processing 数据处理data transmission 数据传输debenture 债券debit （l）借方，（2）借项，（3）借记，（2）借入debit note 借项通知单；支帐通知书debt capital 债务资本；借入资本debt finance 外借资金debt financing 举债；债务筹措；举债融资debtor 债务人；债户deed 契据；契约default 违约；拖欠deferred asset 递延资产deficit 亏绌；赤字；亏损del credere agent 包销商；保付货价代理人delivery note 付货通知书；交运通知送货单demand deposit 活期存款department store 百货公司deposit 存款deposit-taking company 接受存款公司depositor 存户depreciation (1)折旧，(2)损耗Design Council of Hong Kong 香港设计委员会devaluation 贬值direct debit （1）直接支帐付款，（2）直接借记direct distribution 直接分销；直接分配direct marketing 直接行销direct shipment 直接装运disability insurance 伤残保险discount （1）折扣，（2）贴现discount allowed 销货折扣discount house 票据贴现所discount received 购货折扣discounting bill of exchange 票据贴现dishonour 拒付dishonoured cheque 退票；不兑现支票；拒付支票dissolution 解散；解体distribution channel 分销途径distributor 经销商；分销商diversification 多元化；多样化；业务分散dividend 股息dividend yield 股息率division of labour 分工document against acceptance 承兑交单document against payment 付款交单document of title （1）业权；所有权，（2）业权文件documentary bill 跟单汇票documentary credit 押汇documentary letter of credit 跟单信用证；跟单信用状domestic trade 本土贸易；国内贸易dormant partner 不参与管理合伙人；隐名合伙人down-payment 首期付款draft 汇票drawee 受票人drawer 发票人dumping 倾销durable goods 耐用物品duty 税duty drawback 退税Eearnings per share 每股盈利electronic banking 电子银行服务electronic data processing (EDP) 电子数据处理electronic payment system 电子付款服务embargo 禁运employees' compensation insurance 雇员赔偿保险employer's liability insurance 雇主责任保险endorsement （1）背书，（2）批注endowment insurance 储蓄保险enterprise 企业entity 单位；个体entrepot 转口港；转口埠entrepreneur 企业家equity 产权；主权；权益equity capital 主权资本；权益资本；股本equity finance 主权资金equity financing 资本筹措；权益筹资errors and omissions excepted (E & OE) 如有错漏不在此限European Economic Community (EEC) 欧洲经济共同体ex-dividend 除息ex-godown 仓库交货价；出仓价ex-right 除权ex-warehouse 仓库交货价；出仓价ex-works 出厂价；工厂交货价exchange （l）兑换，（2）交换exchange control 外汇管制exchange fund 外汇基金exclusive distribution 独家经销executor 遗嘱执行人export licence 出口许可证exporter 出口商exports 出口express delivery 专运express terms 明示条款extra dividend 额外股利Fface value 票面值factor 应收帐款收购商factoring 出售应收帐款；应收帐款让售factoring house 应收帐款收购商factors of production 生产因素；生产要素Federation of Hong Kong Industries 香港工业总会fictitious asset 虚设资产final dividend 末期股息；末期股利finance company 财务公司financial institution 财务机构；金融机构financial market 金融市场；财务市场financial statement 财务报表financial year 财政年度；会计年度finished goods 制成品fire insurance 火险firm 商号；商行；企业fixed asset 固定资产fixed capital 固定资本fixed deposit account 定期存款账户fixed liability 固定负债floating debenture 浮动抵押公司债券foreign corporation 外国公司foreign exchange 外汇foreign exchange control 外汇管制foreign exchange rate 汇率foreign trade 对外贸易；国际贸易forfeited share 没收股份founders' share 创办人股本；发起人股本franchise 营业特权；专利权franchisee 特许权使用人franchisor 特许权拥有人franking machine 邮戳机free alongside ship (FAS) 船边交货价free currency 自由货币free on board (FOB) 船上交货价；离岸价free port 自由港free trade 自由贸易freight 运费fringe benefit 额外利益；附带福利full liability 全部责任fund （1）基金，（2）资金futures contract 期货合约futures deals 期货交易futures market 期货市场futures price 期货价格Ggearing ratio 资本与负债的比率；资本借贷比率general average 共同海损general partner 普通合伙人general partnership 普通合伙gilt-edged security 金边证券goods 货品goodwill 商誉grading 等级gross loss 毛损gross margin 毛利gross profit 毛利gross weight 毛重HHang Seng Index 恒生指数hire purchase 租购；分期付款购买hire purchase agreement 租购合约holding company 股权公司；控股公司home trade 本土贸易；国内贸易Hong Kong Export Credit Insurance Corporation 香港出口信用保险局Hong Kong Futures Exchange Limited 香港期货交易所有限公司Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce, The 香港总商会Hong Kong Japanese Chamber of Commerce and Industry 香港日本人商工会议所Hong Kong Management Association, The 香港管理专业协会Hong Kong Productivity Council 香港生产力促进局Hong Kong Standards and Testing Centre Ltd., The 香港标准及检定中心Hong Kong Trade Development Council 香港贸易发展局horizontal integration 横面结合；平行合并hot money 热钱；游资hypermarket 特级市场II Owe You (IOU) 欠条；欠单；借据implied terms 默示条款import duty 入口税import licence 入口许可证importer 入口商imports 入口impulse buying 冲动性购买income statement 损益表；收益表indemnity 赔偿indent 国外订货单indenture 合约；契约index number 指数Indian Chamber of Commerce Hong Kong, The 香港印度商会indirect production 间接生产industrial diversification 工业多元化industrial goods 工业品Industry Department 工业署infant industry 萌芽工业；初生工业inflation 通货膨胀informative advertising 信息式广告infrastructure 基础设施；基本建设inland mail 本埠邮件Inland Revenue Department 税务局insider dealing 内幕交易insider trading 内幕交易insolvency 无力支付；无偿债能力instalment 每期付款额instalment loan 分期付款贷款insurable interest 可保利益insurable risks 可保风险insurance 保险insurance fund 保险基金insurance policy 保单insurance premium 保险费insured 受保人insurer 承保人intangible 无形intangible asset 无形资产integration 结合；合并intensive distribution 密集性分销；密集的推销方法；广泛性分销interest (1)利息，(2)权益；利益interim dividend 中期股息internal financing 内部融资international marketing 国际市场推销；国际市场营销International Monetary Fund (IMF) 国际货币基金组织international trade 对外贸易；国际贸易inventory (1)存货，(2)财产清单inventory control 存货控制；存货管理；存货管制inventory turnover 存货流转率invested capital 投入资本investment 投资investment company 投资公司invisible trade 无形贸易invoice 发票irrevocable letter of credit 不可撤销信用证issued capital 已发行股本Jjobber 证券经销经纪，证券批销经纪；批家joint account 联合帐joint stock company 股份有限公司joint venture 联合短期投资；短期合营LLabour Department 劳工处labour intensive 劳力密集labour union 工会；职工会laissez faire 自由放任lease (1)租赁；租，(2)租约legal entity 法人；法定个体lessee 承租人；承批人lessor 出租人letter of credit 信用证；信用状letter of enquiry 询价函件levy 课税；征收；征课liability 负债licence 许可证；牌照licensed bank 持牌银行life assurance 人寿保险limited company 有限公司limited liability 有限债务责任；有限责任limited partner 有限合伙人limited partnership 有限合伙linked exchange rate 联系汇率liquid asset 速动资产liquid capital 流动资金liquidation （1）清盘；清算，（2）清理liquidity 流动性；变现性；变现能力liquidity ratio 流动资金比率listed company 上市公司listed security 上市证券loan 放款；贷款loan stock 债券localization of production 生产地方化；生产区域化long position 买空；好仓；好仓合约；买进的期货合同long-term capital 长期资本；长期资金long-term liability 长期负债long-term loan 长期贷款loss 损失；亏蚀loss leader 亏本出售商品；损失领导物，吸引商品Mmail order 邮购marine insurance 海上保险；水险mark down 标价降低数mark-up 加于成本之价格；加成market capitalization 市值；市价总值market diversification 市场多元化；市场分散market price 市价market research 市场调查；市场研究market share 市场占有率market value 市值marketing 市场学mass distribution 大规模运销mass media 大众传播媒介mass production 大量生产；大规模生产mate's receipt 大副收据maturity 到期Memorandum of Association 组织大纲merchandise 商品merchant bank 投资银行；商人银行merchant wholesaler 批发商merchantible quality 适合销售品质；可销售品质merger 兼并；合并；归并middleman 中间人mobile shop 流动商店Money Changers Ordinance 货币兑换商条例monopolist 垄断者；独占者mortgage 抵押；按揭mortgage bond 抵押债券mortgagee 受押者；贷款人mortgagor 抵押者；借款人most favoured nation (MFN) 最优惠国；最惠国Multi-Fibre Agreement (MFA) 多种纤维协定；多纤协定multi-national company 跨国公司multiple shop 连锁商店Nnationalization 国有化negotiable instrument 流通票据net asset 净资产net book value 账面净值net current asset 流动资产净值net income 净利益；净收益；净利；纯利net loss 净损失net profit 纯利net profit on sales 销货纯利net working capital 营运资金净额net worth 净值new issue market 新股发行市场no claim bonus 无索偿奖励no-par-value capital stock 无面值股票nominal capital 票面股本；额定股本；名义股本nominal partner 名义合伙人nominal value 名义价值；票面值non-cumulative preference share 非累积优先股non-durable goods 非耐用品non-insurable risks 不可保风险non-profit making organisation 非牟利机构non-voting share 无投票权股票not negotiable 不得转让noting charges 票据拒付手续费Ooffer for sale 出让；公开发售on consignment 寄销open cheque 不记名支票operating expense 营业费用operating income 营业收益operating profit 营业收益；营业利润option dealing 期权买卖order cheque 记名支票；抬头支票order form 订单ordinary share 普通股Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 经济合作与发展组织ostensible partner 挂名合伙人output 产量over-trading 过度扩张营运overdraft 透支owe 欠Ppaid-up capital 已缴股本；实收资本par 面值par value 票面值participating preference share 参与优先股particular average 单独海损partner 合伙人partnership 合伙；合伙组织patent 专利权payee 受款人；收款人payer 付款人payment 支出payroll 薪饷pedlar 沿门兜售小贩percentage profit 利润比率person-to-person call 指名接听长途电话personal property 动产personal selling 人员销售；个人销售persuasive advertising 诱导性广告physical distribution 实体配销pledging accounts receivable 应收帐款抵押policy (1)政策，(2)保险单；保单policy holder 保险客户；投保人pooling of risks 分担风险；风险汇合；风险汇聚portfolio 投资组合；证券组合post-dated cheque 期票；远期支票postal communication 邮递通讯potential customer 潜在主顾；潜在顾客preference share 优先股preference share premium 优先股利preferred stock 优先股premium （１）保险费，（２）溢价price fixing 定盘price-earning ratio 市价盈利率primary market 第一市场；初级市场；基本市场primary product 原产品；初级产品primary production 初级生产；第一级生产prime rate 优惠利率；最优惠利率principal （１）本金，（２）委托人；主事人principle of contribution 风险分担原则principle of indemnity 补偿原则；赔偿原则principle of subrogation 权利代位原则private limited company 私人有限公司private treaty 私人合约pro forma invoice 临时发票producer goods 资本物品；生产者物品producers' co-operative society 生产人合作社product diversification 产品多样化；产品多元化product image 产品形象；产品印象productivity 生产力profit and loss account 损益帐；损益表profit margin 利润率；利润幅度profitability 盈利能力；盈利水平profitability ratio 盈利能力比率promissory note 借据；期票promotion （1）晋升；升职，（2）推广；促进，（3）拓销；推销；促销prompt cash 当场付款；实时付款；日内付款property 财产proposal form （l）保险申请表，（2）动议表格proprietor 资本主proprietorship （1）业权；资本主权益；东主权益；（2）独资企业prospectus 招股章程protectionism 保护主义protectionist measure 贸易保护措施protectionist policy 保护主义政策proximate cause 近因public corporation 公营公司public enterprise 公营企业Public Health and Municipal Service Ordinance 公共卫生及市政条例public limited company 公众有限公司purchases contract 购货契约purchases 购货put option 卖出期权Qquality control 品质控制quantity discount 数量折扣；大批量折扣quick asset 速动资产quick ratio 速动比率quiet possession 不受干扰享用权quota 配额quotation 报价单Rrail transport 铁路运输rate of return 报酬率；收益率；盈利率；回报率rate of stockturn 存货周转率rate of turnover 周转率re-export 转口；转口货receipt （1）收据，（2）收入recorded delivery 记录派递red chips 红筹股redeemable preference share 可赎回优先股redemption 偿还；赎回refund 退款；退现registered capital 注册股本；法定股本Registrar of Companies 公司注册官registration of companies 公司注册reinsurance 再保险；分保remittance 汇款remittance advice note 汇款通知书rendu 卖方负责运费之报价repossession 收回已出售之货品requisition 请求单reserve 公积金；储备resource 资源restricted licence bank 有限制持牌银行retail banking 零售性银行业务retail cooperative society 零售合作社retail price 零售价retail trade 零售业；零售贸易retailer 零售商retained earnings 滚存盈余；保留盈余；营业盈余return on investment 投资报酬率；投资回报率revenue reserve 收益储备；保留盈余revocable letter of credit 可撤销信用证rights issue 股权发行；供股risk pooling 分担风险；风险汇合；风险汇聚risk transfer 风险转移road transport 道路运输royalty （1）特权，（2）使用税；版税；专利税Ssafe deposit box 保管箱salary 薪金Sale of Goods Ordinance 售卖货品条例sales 销货sales promotion 促销；销售推广；销售促进savings account 储蓄存款账户；储蓄账户scrip dividend 期票股利；股利票sea transport 水上运输secondary market 第二市场；次级市场secondary production 次级生产；第二级生产secret partner 秘密合伙人；隐名合伙人secured debenture 有抵押债券secured loan 担保贷款；抵押放款security 证券self-service 自助self-sufficient 自给自足selling short 卖空；抛空share （1）股份，（2）股票share bonus 红股share capital 股本share premium 股本溢价share subscription 认购股本shareholder 股东shipping note 装运通知单；装运通知书shop-lifting 高买；店内盗窃shopping goods 选购品；选购货品；挑剔品short position 卖空；淡仓；淡仓合约；卖出的期货合同short selling 卖空；抛空short-term capital 短期资本；短期资金short-term liability 短期负债short-term loan 短期贷款sight draft 即期票据silent partner 静默合伙人sleeping partner 不参与管理合伙人；隐名合伙人Small Claims Tribunal 小额钱债审裁处Small Claims Tribunal Ordinance 小额钱债审裁处条例sole agent 总代理sole proprietor (1)全东；东主，(2)独资经营；独资企业sole proprietorship 独资经营sole trader 全东；东主；独资经营solvency 偿债能力specialization （1）专业化，（2）专门知识specialty goods 特殊品；特殊货品specialty store 特殊店；特殊店铺speculation 投机speculator 投机者spot cash 付现spot deals 实时交易；实时买卖spot delivery 实时交收spot price 现货价格stag 投机新股者stale cheque 过期支票stamp duty 印花税standing order 定期支付指示statement of account （l）会计帐目，（2）结单station-to-station call 对站长途电话；非指名接听长途电话status inquiry agency 状况咨询机构statutory body 法定机构stock （1）存货，（2)证券，（3）股票stock broker 证券经纪；股票经纪stock control 存货控制；存货管理；存货管制stock exchange 证券交易所Stock Exchange Compensation Fund 证券交易所赔偿基金Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited 香港联合交易所stock jobber 证券批销经纪stock market 证券市场stock option 认股特权；认股权stock split 拆股；股份分裂stock taking 盘点存货；盘存stock turnover 存货周转；存货周转率stockholder 股东straight irrevocable letter of credit 直接不可撤销信用证subrogation 权利代位subscribe 认购subsidiary company 附属公司；子公司supermarket 超级市场surface mail 平邮surplus 盈余surrender value 退还金额syndicated loan 组合贷款；集团贷款Ttakeover 收购tangible asset 有形资产tare weight 皮重；容器重量target market 目标市场tariff 关税tax 税捐tax allowance 免税额tax rate 税率telecommunication 电信；电讯telegram 电报telegraphic money order 电汇telegraphic transfer 电汇telex 专用电报tender 投标term loan 定期放款；定期借款terms of trade 贸易价格比率；贸易比率tertiary production 第三级生产third party insurance 第三者保险third party ownership 第三者拥有权third party, fire and theft insurance 第三者火灾与盗窃保险time deposit 定期存款time draft 期付汇票time policy 时限保单trade association 商会trade barrier 贸易障碍；贸易壁垒trade credit （1）贸易赊帐，（2）商业信用Trade Department 贸易署Trade Descriptions Ordinance 商品说明条例trade discount 交易折扣；营业折扣trade mark 商标trade mission 贸易团；贸易代表团trade name （1）商号，（2）商品名称trade promotion 贸易促进；商业促进trade restriction 贸易限制trade union 工会；职工会traders' credit 商人放帐额；同行放帐trading account 购销帐trading and profit and loss account 购销损益帐trading capital 营运资金trading partner 贸易伙伴tramp steamer 不定期货船transaction 交易事项transportation system 运输系统Travel Agents Ordinance 旅行代理商条例traveller's cheque 旅行支票trust deed 信托契据trust fund 信托基金trust rerceipt 信托收条trustee 信托人；受托人turn-around time 运转时间；周转期turnover 营业额；销售量Uunavoidable risk 无法避免之风险uncalled capital 末催缴股本undertaking (1)企业，(2)承担underwriter 承保人；包销人underwriting 包销underwriting contract 承保合约undistributed profit 未分派之盈利；未分派利润unfair trade practice 不公平贸易手段United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) 联合国贸易及发展会议unlimited company 无限公司unlimited liability 无限责任unlisted security 未上市证券unpresented cheque 末兑现支票unsecured loan 无担保贷款；信用贷款utmost good faith 具最高诚意绝对真确Vvending machine 自动售卖机vertical integration 纵面结合；垂直合并viewdata system 数据传视系统visible balance 有形贸易差额visible trade 有形贸易voucher 传票；凭单voyage policy 航程保单Wwarehouse 仓库；货仓warehouse warrant 仓单warrant 认股权证warranty （l）保证书，（2）保证条款water transport 水上运输Weights and Measures Ordinance 度量衡条例whole life policy 终生保险单wholesale banking 批发银行业务wholesale co-operative society 批发合作社wholesale price 批发价wholesale trade 批发业；批发贸易wholesaler 批发商winding-up 清盘working asset 营运资产working capital 营运资金；周转资金；流动资本working capital fund 营运资金基金working capital ratio 营运资金比率World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织Yyellow pages 黄页分类yield （1）收益；实际获利，（2）产量yield rate 实际获利率2. 企业概论Aabsenteeism 缺勤absolute advantage 绝对优势acceptance (1)承兑；承兑票据，(2)承诺acceptance of bill of exchange 汇票承兑；票据承兑acceptor 承兑人accident insurance 意外保险account (1)帐；账户，(2)科目，(3)客帐account executive 客户主任；户口主任account payable 应付帐款account payee only 祇限存入头人账户；只可转帐account receivable 应收帐款accountability 责任承担accountant 会计人员；会计主任；会计师accounting equation 会计等式accounting period 会计期间accumulated depreciation 累积折旧；折旧准备accumulated dividend 累积股息accumulated fund 累积基金achievement test 成就测验acid-test ratio 酸性测验比率active partner 活跃合伙人；参与管理合伙人activity ratio 实际作业与预算比率administration 行政advance 预付advancement 晋升advertising agency 广告公司；广告代理商advertising appeals 广告诉求advertising media 广告媒介Advisory Committee on Diversification 经济多元化咨询委员会affiliated company 附属公司agent 代理人aids to trade 贸易辅助服务allowance (1)折让，(2)津贴amalgamation 合并American Chamber of Commerce in Hong Kong, The 香港美国商会analog computer 仿真计算机annual general meeting 周年大会；年会annual leave 年假annual report 年报annuity 年金appreciation 升值；增值apprenticeship 学徒训练aptitude test 性向测验；才能测验arbirage 套利；套息arbitration 仲裁arbitrator 仲裁者；仲裁人arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) 算术及逻辑运算部件arithmetic mean 算术平均；等差中项；算术中项Articles of Association 组织章程Asian Development Bank (ADB) 亚洲发展银行Asian Productivity Organization (APO) 亚洲生产力组织assembling 装配assembly line 装配线asset 资产asset turnover 资产周转率assignment of responsibility 职责之指派associated companies 联营公司assumption of duty 就任；就职；上任at par 按票面值；按面值audit 查核；核数；审计authorised capital 注册股本；法定股本authoritarian 独裁式；独裁；专制authority 权力；职权auto-pay 自动转帐支付autocratic leadership 独裁式领导automatic credit transfer 自动转帐收款automatic teller machine(ATM) 自动柜员机automation 自动化autonomous work group 自治工作小组自治工作小组autonomy 自主；自治权average collection period 平均收帐期average rate of return (ARR) 平均收益率avoidable risk 可避免之风险Bbackward integration 后向合并bad debt 呆帐；坏帐balance (1)余额，(2)平衡balance of payments 国际收支差额balance of trade 国际贸易差额balance sheetbank draft 银行汇票bank overdraft 银行透支banker's acceptance 银行承兑票据Banking Ordinance 银行业条例bankruptcy 破产basic need 基本需要basic salary 底薪batch processing 成批处理；整批处理bear 看淡股市者；淡友bear marketbearer bond 息票债券；不记债券bearer cheque 来人支票；不记名支票bearer share 无记名股票；不记名股票best lending rate 优惠利率；最优惠利率；最优惠贷款条件bill of exchange 汇票；票据；交易票据bill of lading 提货单bill payable 应付票据bill receivable 应收票据blue chip 蓝筹股board of directors 董事会；董事局bond 债券bond dividend 债券股利bond interest 债券利息bonded warehouse 公税仓bonus 红利；花红bonus issue 发行红股bonus share 红股；股票股息book value 账面值boycott 杯葛；抵制brain drain 人材流失；人材外流brain storming 剌激创新；脑力激荡法brand 牌子；品牌brand image 品牌形象；牌子形象brand loyalty 对牌子忠诚brand name 商标；品牌名称；牌子名称break-even analysis 损益平衡分析；损益两平分析；营业平衡分析break-even chart 损益平衡图；损益两平图；营业平衡图break-even point (BEP) 损益平衡点；损益两平点；营业平衡点broker 经纪brokerage firm 经纪行budget 预算budgetary control 预算控制budgeting (1)预算，(2)编制预算buffer stock 调节存货；安全存货bulk-breaking 分件bulk-buying 大量购买bull 看好股市者；好友bull market 牛市；旺市bureaucracy 官僚系统；官僚组织制度；科层组织制度burglary insurance 盗窃保险business administration 工商管理business corporation 企业公司business cycle 商业循环；营业循环；营业周期business enterprise 企业机构business entity 企业个体business ethics 商业道德business organization 企业组织business registration certificate 商业登记证business reply service 商业回邮服务buying power index 购买力指数Ccalculating device 计算装置call provision 提前赎回(证券)条款callable bond 可赎回债券called-up capital 已催缴股本capital 资金；资本；股本capital budgeting 资本预算capital employed 动用资金；动用资本capital expenditure 资本支出capital gearing 资金借贷比率；资本与负债比率capital goods 资本物品capital market 资本市场capital-intensive 资本密集capitalism 资本主义capitalist economy 资本主义经济capitalization (1)资本化；利益资本化，(2)资本总额carrier (1)运货工具，(2)承运商carrying cost (1)贮存成本；存仓成本，(2)保有资产成本case study 个案研究cash budget 现金预算cash discount 现金折扣cash flow 现金流转；现金流量cash on delivery (COD) 交货付现cash rebate 现金回扣cash sale 现销；现金销货cash with order 订货付现cashier order 银行票caveat emptor 购者自慎central processing unit (CPU) 中央处理器central tendency 中央倾向；集中趋势centralization (1)集中；集中化，(2)中央集权；集权化centralized management 中央集权管理certificate of incorporation 公司注册证certificate of origin 产地来源证；来源证chain of command 命令线；命令链；指挥链chain store 连锁商店channel of communication 沟通渠道；传意途径channel of distribution 分销途径；分销渠道channel of information 信息渠道cheque clearance 支票交换Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, The 香港中华总商会Chinese Gold & Silver Exchange Society, The 金银业贸易场Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong, The 香港中华厂商联合会circulating asset 流动资产circulating capital 营运资金；周转资金；流动资本classified advertising 分类广告clearing house 票据交换所co-operative society 合作社code of ethics 道德规约；道德守则code of practice 操作守则coercive power 强制权力coinsurance 共负保险collateral 抵押品collective bargaining 集体议价；集体谈判collective ownership 集体所有；集体所有制command 命令；指令；指挥commercial paper 商业票据commission (1)佣金，(2)手续费committee structure 委员会结构commodities futures market 商品期货市场commodity 商品commodity exchange 商品交易所；期货交易所common stock 普通股communication barrier 沟通障碍communication channel 沟通渠道；传意途径communication network 沟通网络communism 共产主意Companies Ordinance 公司条例Companies Registry 公司注册处company 公司comparative advantage 比较优势compensating balance 补偿性最低存款额component 组成元素；组件computer 计算机；电子计算器Computer Aided Design (CAD) 计算机辅助设计Computer Aided Manufacture (CAM) 计算机辅助生产computer crime 涉及计算机的犯罪行为computer personnel 计算机从业员computer program/computer 计算机程序programme 计算机系统computer system 计算机化conciliation 调停；调解；斡旋conciliator 调停人；调解人conglomerate 联合企业consignment 寄销consolidated financial statement 综合财务报告表；综财务报表consolidated group 合并集团consumer behaviour 消费者行为Consumer Council 消费者委员会consumer goods 消费品consumer loyalty 消费者忠诚consumer marketconsumer price index 消费物价指数consumer survey 消费者调查consumerism 消费者主义containerization 货樻运输；货柜化contingent fund 意外准备基金contingent liability 或有负债contingent reserve 意外准备continuous production 连续性生产；流水生产contract price 合约价格contributed capital 缴入资本control 控制；统制；管制control chart 控制图control unit 控制部件controllable costcontrolled company 分公司；受制公司controlling company 总公司；控股公司convenience goods 便利品convenience store 便利店；便利店铺convertible bond 可调换公司债券；可换债券convertible preference share 可转换优先股colling-off period 冷却期；冷静期；等待期coordination 协调corporation 公司；法团cost 成本cost analysis 成本分析cost and freight (A & F) 成本包括运费cost control 成本控制cost of capital 资本成本cost of goods soldcost of production 生产成本cost, insurance and freight (CIF) 货价、保险及运费；到岸价格cost-benefit analysis 成本收益分析；成本效益分析cost-effectiveness analysis 成本效用分析；成本效能分析cost-plus 成本加成cost-plus pricing 成本力成定价；成本加利润计价法coupon bond 息票债券coupon rate 票面利率craft union 同业工会credit analysis 信用分析credit analysis 信用咭credit control 信用控制；信贷控制credit insurance 信用保险；信贷保险credit line 信用限额；信贷限额credit management 信用管理；信贷管理credit period 赊帐期间credit policy 信用政策；信贷政策credit rating 信用评级；信用评核credit sale 赊售；赊销credit terms 赊帐条件credit transfer 贷项转帐credit worthiness 信贷可靠性。

国际贸易中常用的词汇一、货物（Goods）1. Commodity.- 发音：[kəˈmɒdəti]- 词性：名词。

- 含义：商品，货物。

例如：The company deals in various commodities.（这家公司经营各种商品。

）2. Cargo.- 发音：[ˈkɑːɡəʊ]- 词性：名词。

- 含义：（船、飞机等装载的）货物。

例如：The cargo on the ship is very valuable.（船上的货物非常贵重。

）二、贸易方式（Trade Modes）1. Import.- 发音：[ˈɪmpɔːt]（名词）；[ɪmˈpɔːt]（动词）- 词性：名词、动词。

- 含义：进口，进口商品。

例如：The import of cars has increased this year.（今年汽车的进口量增加了。

）；We import a lot of electronics from Japan.（我们从日本进口很多电子产品。

）2. Export.- 发音：[ˈekspɔːt]（名词）；[ɪkˈspɔːt]（动词）- 词性：名词、动词。

- 含义：出口，出口商品。

例如：The export of textiles is an important part of our economy.（纺织品出口是我们经济的一个重要部分。

）；Our company exports furniture to many countries.（我们公司向许多国家出口家具。

）3. Wholesale.- 发音：[ˈhəʊlseɪl]- 词性：名词、形容词、副词、动词。

- 含义：批发。

例如：They do business in wholesale.（他们做批发生意。

）；The wholesale price is much lower.（批发价低得多。

）4. Retail.- 发音：[ˈriːteɪl]- 词性：名词、动词。

International trade 国际贸易1、Multinational corporations 跨国公司Agent 代理人，经纪人商务用语 purchasing 采购代理；estate agent 房地产经纪人真题重现 marketing to a wide audience could lead to more people buying direct from Sun Tours rather thangoing through travel agents, and the consequentreduction in agent’s commissions might boostcompany profits.向更广泛的受众营销，可以使得更多的人直接从SunTours 而不是旅行代理出购买，随之而减少的代理费用可以提高公司的利润Branch 分公司，分部商务用语 branch 分支机构； branch manager 分部经理Conglomerate 企业集团，联合大企业商务用语 conglomerate merger 集团企业合并Conglomerate company 跨行业集团Franchise 特许经营，特权；给···以特许商务用语 franchise chain 特许连锁；Franchise rights 特许经营权License 执照，许可证，特许；许可，发许可证商务用语 patent license 专利许可证；Business license 营业执照FDI 外商直接投资商务用语 outward FDI 对外投资Global strategic partnership 全球战略伙伴关系商务释义企业伙伴之间高度信任，通过合资、合作或其他方式，共享竞争优势和长期利益。

Joint venture 合资企业商务用语 sino-foreign venture 中外合资真题重现 yet joint ventures bring potential troubles, and companies should be careful not to lose sight ofthe original rationale for outsourcing: to gaincost efficiencies and quality of service in anarea that for some reason could not be carriedout entirely in-house.然后，合资企业也带来潜在的问题，企业应该小心，不要失去使用外包的最初理由；在那些由于某种原因不能完全内部生产的领域，使用外包以获得成本效率和服务质量。

W T O简明术语AAccession 加入（世界贸易组织）Acceptable risk level 可接受的风险水平ACP---African、Caribbean and Pacific 非加太国家Actionable subsidy 可诉补贴Ad valorem tariff 从价税Aggregate measurement of support（AMS）（农业国内支持）综合支持量Agreement on Agriculture 《农业协议》Agreement on Textiles and Clothing（ATC）《纺织品与服装协议》Air transport services 空运服务Amber box measures （农业国内支持）“黄箱”措施Annex 附件Annual bound commitment（农业国内支持）年度约束水平Anti-circumvention 反规避Anti-competitive practice 反竞争行为Anti-dumping duty 反倾销税Audiovisual services 视听服务Automatic licensing 自动许可Appendix 附录Appeal （争端解决）上诉Appellate body （争端解决）上诉机构Appropriate level of sanitary or phytosanitary protection 适当的动植物卫生保护水平Acquisition of intellectual property rights 知识产权的获得Arbitration 仲裁Areas of low pest or disease prevalence 病虫害低度流行区Assessment of risk 风险评估Association of Southeast Asian Nations（ASEAN）东南亚国家联盟（东盟）Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relations（ANCER）《澳大利亚新西兰紧密经济关系协定》BBerne Convention 《伯尔尼公约》Base tariff level 基础税率Basic Instrument and Selected Documents（BISD）《基本文件和资料选编》Basic telecommunication services 基础电信服务Best information available （反倾销）可获得的最佳信息Blue box measures （农业国内支持）“蓝箱”措施Balance-of-payments（BOP）provisions 国际收支条款Built-in agenda （世界贸易组织）既定议程Business services 商务服务Bound level 约束水平Bretton Woods Conference 布雷顿森林会议CCairns Group 凯恩斯集团Causal link 因果联系Ceiling bindings （关税）上限约束Central Product Classification（CPC）《（联合国）中心产品分类》Challenge Procedures （政府采购）质疑程序Clean report of findings 检验结果清洁报告书Codex Alimentarius Commission（CAC）食品法典委员会Common Agriculture Policy（CAP）（欧洲共同体）共同农业政策Communication services 通信服务Conciliation 调解Confidential information 机密信息Conformity assessment procedures 合格评定程序Circumvention 规避Combined tariff 复合税Commercial presence （服务贸易）商业存在Committee on Trade and Development（CTD）贸易与发展委员会Committee on Trade and Environment（CTE）贸易与环境委员会Compensation 补偿Competition policy 竞争政策Complaining party （争端解决）申诉方Computed value 计算价格Consensus 协商一致Constructed value （反倾销）结构价格Consultation 磋商Consumption abroad （服务贸易）境外消费Copyright 版权Council for Trade in Goods（CTG）货物贸易理事会Counterfeit trademark goods 冒牌货Counter-notification 反向通知Countervailing duty 反补贴税Contraction parties 关税与贸易总协定缔约方Cross border supply （服务贸易）跨境交付Cross retaliation 交叉报复Currency retention scheme 货币留成制度Current market access（CMA）现行市场准入Current total AMS （农业国内支持）现行综合支持量Customs duty 关税Customs tariff 海关税率，海关税则Customs value 海关完税价值Customs valuation 海关估价Customs union 关税同盟DDeveloped member 发达成员Developing member 发展中成员Direct payment （农业国内支持）直接支付Distribution services 分销服务Domestic industry 国内产业Domestic production 国内生产Domestic sales requirement 国内销售要求Domestic subsidy 国内补贴Domestic support （农业）国内支持Dispute Settlement Body 争端解决机构Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes（DSU）《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》Due restraint （对农产品反补贴）适当克制Dumping 倾销Dumping margin 倾销幅度EEconomies in transition 转型经济体Enabling clause 授权条款Enforcement of intellectual property rights 知识产权法Equivalence （检验检疫标准）等效性European Communities（EC）欧洲共同体European Free Trade Association （EFTA）欧洲自由贸易联盟Electronic commerce 电子商务Enquiry point 咨询点European Union 欧洲联盟Exhaustion of intellectual property rights 知识产权权利用尽Existing subject matter （知识产权）现有客体Ex officio 依职权Export credit 出口信贷Export credit guarantee 出口信贷担保Export subsidy 出口补贴FFall-back method （海关估价）“回顾”方法Findings 争端解决调查结果First-come first served 先来先得Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations（FAO）联合国粮农组织Food security 粮食安全Foreign direct investment（FDI）外国直接投资Foreign exchange balancing requirement 外汇平衡要求Free-rider 搭便车（指根据最惠国待遇享受其他成员贸易减让而不进行相应减让的成员）Free trade area 自由贸易区GGATT 1947 《1947年关税与贸易总协定》GATT 1994 《1994年关税与贸易总协定》General Agreement on Trade in Service（GATS）《服务贸易总协定》General Agreement on Tariff and Trade （GATT）《关税与贸易总协定》General Council 总理事会General exceptions 一般例外Geographical indications （知识产权）地理标识Genetically Modified Organisms（GMO）转基因生物Good offices 斡旋Government procurement 政府采购Green box measures （农业国内支持）“绿箱”措施Grey area measures 灰色区域措施General Preferential System（GPS）普惠制HHarmonized Commodity Description and Coding System（HS）《商品名称及编码协调制度》Havana Charter 哈瓦那宪章Horizontal commitments （服务贸易）水平承诺IIdentical product 相同产品Illustrative list 例示清单Import deposits 进口押金Import licensing 进口许可Import substitution 进口替代Import surcharge 进口附加税Import variable duties 进口差价税Industrial designs 工业设计Infant industry 幼稚产业Information Technology Agreement（ITA）《信息技术协议》Injunctions 禁令Initial negotiating rights （INRs）最初谈判权（初谈权）Integration process 一体化进程Intellectual property rights（IPRs）知识产权Internal taxes 国内税International Labor Organization (ILO ) 国际劳工组织International Monetary Fund （IMF）国际货币基金组织International Organization for Standardization （ISO）国际标准化组织International Plant Protection Convention 《国际植物保护公约》International Textile and Clothing Bureau （ITCB）国际纺织品与服装局International Trade Organization （ITO）国际贸易组织International Trade Center （ITC）国际贸易中心International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴开发银行JJudicial review 司法审议Judicial person （服务贸易）法人KLLayout-designs（Topographies）of integrated circuits 集成电路外观设计（拓扑图）Least-developed countries （LDCs）最不发达国家License fee （知识产权）许可费Like product 同类产品Limited tendering （政府采购）有限招标Local content requirement 当地含量要求Local equity requirement 当地股份要求Mad-cow disease 疯牛病Maintenance of intellectual property rights 知识产权的维护Maritime transport services 海运服务Market access 市场准入Market boards 市场营销机构Market price support 市场价格支持Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization 《建立世界贸易组织马拉喀什协定》Marrakesh protocol 《马拉喀什协定书》Material injury 实质损害Medication 调停Minimum market access （MMA）最低市场准入Minimum values （海关估价）最低限价Most-favored-nation treatment （MFN）最惠国待遇MFN exemptions （服务贸易）最惠国待遇例外Ministerial conference 部长级会议Modalities 模式Modulation of quota clause （保障措施）配额调整条款Movement of natural persons 自然人流动Multi-Fiber Arrangement （MFA）《多种纤维协定》Multilateral trade negotiations （MTNs）多边贸易谈判Mutual recognition agreement 相互承认协议NNational treatment 国民待遇Natural person 自然人Negative standard （原产地）否定标准Neighboring rights （版权）邻接权New issues （世界贸易组织）新议题Non-actionable subsidy 不可诉补贴Non-automatic licensing 非自动许可Non-discrimination 非歧视Non-violation complaints 非违规之诉North American Free Trade Agreement（NAFTA）《北美自由贸易协定》Notification obligation 通知义务Non-tariff measures（NTMs）非关税措施Non-trade concern 非贸易关切Nullification or impairment （利益）丧失或减损Offer （谈判）出价Open tendering （政府采购）公开招标Orderly marketing arrangement （OMA）有序销售安排Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development（OEDC）经济合作与发展组织Original member （世界贸易组织）创始成员PPanel 争端解决专家组Paris convention 《巴黎公约》Patents 专利Peace clause 关于农产品反补贴的和平条款Pest or disease-free area 病虫害非疫区Pirated copyright goods 盗版货Plurilateral agreement 诸边协议Positive standard （原产地）肯定标准Presence of natural person 自然人存在Preshipment inspection 装运前检验Price verification （装运前检验）价格核实Price undertaking （反倾销）价格承诺Principal supplying interest 主要供应利益Product mandating requirement 产品授权要求Product-to-product method 产品对产品（谈判）方法Production subsidy 生产补贴Professional services 专业服务Prohibited subsidy 被禁止的补贴Protocol accession 加入议定书Protocol of Provisional Application of GATT 关贸总协定临时适用协议书Provisional application 临时适用Prudential measures 审慎措施QQuads 四方集团（至美国、欧盟、日本和加拿大）Quantitative restrictions 数量限制Quantity trigger level （农业特殊保障措施）数量触发水平RReciprocity 对等Recommendations （争端解决）建议Reference years 参照年Regional trade agreements 区域贸易协议Request （谈判）要价Responding Party （争端解决）应诉方Restrictive business practices 限制性商业惯例Risk analysis 风险分析Risk assessment 风险评估Roll-back 逐步退回Rome convention 《罗马公约》Round （知识产权）使用费Rules of origin 原产地规则SSafeguards 保障措施Sanitary and phytosanitary （SPS）measures 卫生与植物措施Schedule of commitments （服务贸易）承诺表Schedule of concessions （货物贸易）减让表Sectoral negotiations 部门谈判Security exceptions 安全例外Selective tendering （政府采购）选择性招标Separate customs territory 单独关税区Serious injury 严重损害Serious prejudice 严重侵害Simple average tariff 简单平均关税Similar product 类似产品Special and differential（S&D）treatment provisions 特殊与差别待遇条款Special Drawing Rights （SDRs）（国际货币基金组织）特别提款权Special safeguard（SSG）measures （农产品）特殊保障措施Specific tariff 从量税Specificity （补贴）专项性Standardizing bodies 标准化机构Standards 标准Standstill 维持现状State trading enterprises （STEs）国营贸易企业Subsidy 补贴Subsidies in general 一般补贴Substantial supplying interest 实质供应利益Substantial transformation （产品）实质改变Suspend concessions 暂停减让TTariffs 关税Tariff bindings 关税约束Tariff classification 税则归类Tariff concessions 关税减让Tariff equivalent 关税等值Tariff escalation 关税升级Tariff headings 税目Tariffication 关税化Tariff line 税号Tariff peaks 关税高峰Tariff rate quotas/ Tariff quotas （TRQ）关税配额Technical assistance 技术援助Technical barriers to trade（TBT）技术性贸易壁垒Technical regulationsTelecommunication services 电信服务Terms of reference （TOR）（争端解决专家组）职责范围Textile Monitoring Body （TMB）（关税与贸易总协定）纺织品监督机构Textile Surveillance Body (TSB) (关税与贸易总协定)纺织品监督机构Tokyo Round Codes 东京回合守则Total AMS （农业国内支持）综合支持总量Trade-balancing requirement 贸易平衡要求Trade facilitation 贸易便利化Trade in civil aircraft 民用航空器贸易Trade in goods 货物贸易Trade in services 服务贸易Trademark（TM）商标Trade Policy Review Body （TPRB）贸易政策审议机构Trade Policy Review Mechanism （TPRM）贸易政策审议机制Trade-related intellectual property rights （TRIPs）与贸易有关的知识产权Trade-related investment measures （TRIMs）Trade remedies 贸易救济（措施）Trade-weighted average tariff 贸易加权平均关税Transaction Value 成交价格Transition economies 转型经济体Transitional safeguard measures （纺织品）过渡性保障措施Transparency 透明度Transport services 运输服务Trigger prices （农产品特殊保障措施）触发价格UUndisclosed information （知识产权）未公开信息United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易与发展会议Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合VVariable duties 差价税Value-added telecommunication services 增值电信服务Voluntary export restraints （VERs）自愿出口限制WWaiver （义务）豁免Washington Treaty 《华盛顿条约》Withdraw concessions 撤回减让World Customs Organization（WCO）世界海关组织World Intellectual Property Organization （WIPO）世界知识产权组织World Trade Organization（WTO）世界贸易组织WTO Members 世界贸易组织全体成员WTO Secretariat 世界贸易组织秘书处。

WTO常用词汇1.关贸总协定，世界贸易组织的前身GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs andTrade)2.世界贸易组织WTO (World Trade Organization)3.乌拉圭回合Uruguay Round4.最惠国待遇（现通常称"正常贸易关系"）MFN（most-favored-nation) treatment5.争端解决机构dispute settlement body6.《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》DSU (Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes)7.《北美自由贸易协定》NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)8.东盟自由贸易区ASEAN Free Trade Area9.东部和南部非洲共同市场COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa)10.反倾销措施anti-dumping measures ag ainst…11.非配额产品quota-free products12.非生产性投资investment in non-productive projects13.风险管理/评估risk management/ assessment14.国际收支balance of international payments/ balance of payment15.实行国民待遇grant the national treatment to16.瓶颈制约"bottleneck" restrictions17.非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定）ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific Group)18.（补贴协议）可诉补贴actionable subsidy19.上诉机构appeal body20.基础税率base tariff level21.国际收支条款BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions22.既定日程built-in agenda23.约束水平bound level24.(欧盟）共同农业政策Common Agriculture Policy25.规避circumvention26.反补贴税countervailing duty27.交叉报复cross retaliation28.海关完税价值customs values29.环保型技术EST(Environmentally-sound technology)30.出口实绩export performance31.出口补贴export subsidy32.粮食安全food security33.免费搭车者(享受其他国家最惠国待遇而不进行相应减让的国家) free-rider34.政府采购government procurement35.灰色区域措施grey area measures36.WTO最不发达国家高级别会议HLM (WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs)37.协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度）HS (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System)38.进口许可import licensing39.进口渗透import penetration40.最初谈判权(初谈权) INRs (Initial Negotiating Rights)41.知识产权IPRs (Intellectual property rights)42.最不发达国家LDCs (Least-developed countries)43.当地含量local content44.市场准入market access45.专门的营销机构market boards46.(服务贸易)自然人national person47.国民待遇national treatment48.(利益的)丧失和减损nullification and impairment49.(争端解决)专家组panel50.(《农业协议》中关于反补贴的)和平条款peace clause51.诸边协议plurilateral agreement52.(服务贸易)自然人流动presence of natural person53.生产补贴production subsidy54.消费膨胀inflated consumption55.慢性萧条chronic depression56.进口环节税import linkage tax57.北美自由贸易区NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area)58.全球配额global quota59.祖父条款grandfather clause60.贸易和投资自由化和便利化TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)61.国际清算international settlement62.横向兼并horizontal merger63.垂直兼并vertical merger64.垃圾融资junk financing65.申报制度reporting system; Income declaration system66.市场准人的行政管理措施AAMA (Administrative Aspects of Market Access)。

国际贸易英语常用词汇1. import - 进口2. export - 出口3. trade - 贸易4. tariff - 关税5. customs - 海关6. duty - 关税7. quota - 配额8. subsidy - 补贴9. free trade - 自由贸易10. protectionism - 爱护主义11. trade deficit - 贸易逆差12. trade surplus - 贸易顺差13. trade agreement - 贸易协定14. trade barrier - 贸易壁垒15. trade war - 贸易战16. embargo - 禁运17. dumping - 倾销18. trade liberalization - 贸易自由化19. trade imbalance - 贸易不平衡20. market access - 市场准入21. intellectual property - 学问产权22. patent - 专利23. copyright - 版权24. trademark - 商标25. standardization - 标准化26. quality control - 质量把握第1页/共6页27. logistics - 物流28. exchange rate - 汇率29. currency - 货币30. foreign direct investment - 外商直接投资31. multinational corporation - 跨国公司32. supply chain - 供应链33. container - 集装箱34. trade fair - 贸易展览会35. trade mission - 商务访问团36. goods - 商品37. services - 服务38. negotiation - 谈判39. agreement - 协议40. contract - 合同41. invoice - 发票42. payment - 付款43. delivery - 交货44. insurance - 保险45. dispute - 争议46. arbitration - 仲裁47. compliance - 符合48. documentation - 文件49. logistics provider - 物流服务供应商50. transportation - 运输51. export license - 出口许可证52. import license - 进口许可证53. trade finance - 贸易融资54. letter of credit - 信用证55. bill of lading - 提单56. customs clearance - 海关清关57. incoterms - 贸易术语58. CIF - 成本加保险加运费价59. FOB - 离岸价60. EXW - 工厂交货价61. DDP - 目的地交货价62. L/C - 信用证63. T/T - 电汇64. B/L - 提单65. NAFTA - 北美自由贸易协定66. WTO - 世界贸易组织67. ASEAN - 东南亚国家联盟68. EU - 欧洲联盟69. APEC - 亚太经济合作组织70. GATT - 关税和贸易总协定71. World Bank - 世界银行72. IMF - 国际货币基金组织73. developing countries - 进展中国家74. developed countries - 发达国家75. emerging markets - 新兴市场76. market economy - 市场经济77. command economy - 方案经济78. mixed economy - 混合经济79. inflation - 通货膨胀80. recession - 经济衰退81. economic growth - 经济增长82. purchasing power - 购买力83. economic indicators - 经济指标84. GDP - 国内生产总值85. inflation rate - 通货膨胀率第3页/共6页86. unemployment rate - 失业率87. interest rate - 利率88. exchange rate - 汇率89. stock market - 股市90. commodity - 商品91. consumer goods - 消费品92. capital goods - 生产资料93. raw materials - 原材料94. agricultural products - 农产品95. energy resources - 能源资源96. manufacturing - 制造业97. agriculture - 农业98. services sector - 服务业99. technology - 技术100. innovation - 创新101. demand - 需求102. supply - 供应103. market - 市场104. price - 价格105. cost - 成本106. profit - 利润107. competition - 竞争108. market share - 市场份额109. marketing - 市场营销110. branding - 品牌建设111. advertising - 广告112. promotion - 推销113. distribution - 分销114. consumer - 消费者115. producer - 生产者116. retailer - 零售商117. wholesaler - 批发商118. e-commerce - 电子商务119. online shopping - 网上购物120. market research - 市场调研121. target market - 目标市场122. market segmentation - 市场细分123. product life cycle - 产品生命周期124. branding - 品牌建设125. customer relationship management - 客户关系管理126. business-to-business - 企业对企业127. business-to-consumer - 企业对消费者128. business-to-government - 企业对政府129. supply and demand - 供需关系130. economic sanctions - 经济制裁131. quota system - 配额制度132. foreign exchange - 外汇133. trade deficit - 贸易逆差134. protectionist policy - 爱护主义政策135. foreign investment - 外国投资136. market share - 市场份额137. global market - 全球市场138. economic integration - 经济一体化139. international trade rules - 国际贸易规章140. trade dispute - 贸易纠纷141. trade organization - 贸易组织142. trade policy - 贸易政策143. balance of trade - 贸易平衡144. current account - 经常账户第5页/共6页145. capital account - 资本账户146. foreign exchange rate - 外汇汇率147. interest rate - 利率148. central bank - 中心银行149. monopoly - 垄断150. globalization - 全球化。

WTO法律词汇整理1.WTO-World Trading Organization世界贸易组织2. Anti-dumping duty 反倾销税3. Appeal （争端解决）上诉4. ATC-Agreement on Textiles and Clothing 《纺织品与服装协议》5. Dumping 倾销6. Bound level 约束水平7. Compensation 补偿8. Consensus 协商一致9. Consultation 磋商10.Countervailing duty 反补贴税11. Customs valuation 海关估价12. DSB--Dispute Settlement Body争端解决机构13. Export subsidy 出口补贴14. GATS--General Agreement on Trade in Service 《服务贸易总协定》15. GATT--General Agreement on Tariff and Trade 《关税与贸易总协定》16. Government procurement 政府采购17. Import licensing 进口许可18. Import substitution 进口替代19. Import surcharge 进口附加税20. Market access 市场准入21. Market price support 市场价格支持22. Material injury 实质损害23. MFN--Most-favored-nation treatment最惠国待遇24. National treatment 国民待遇25. Non-actionable subsidy（补贴协议）不可诉补贴26.NTMs--Non-tariff measur非关税措施27.Plurilateral agreement 诸边协议28. Prohibited subsidy（补贴协议）被禁止的补贴29.Protocols 议定书30.PSI--Preshipment inspection装运前检验31. Rules of origin 原产地规则32. Safeguard Measures 保障措施33. Schedule of concessions 承诺减让表34. Specific tariff 从量税35. SPS-Sanitary and phytosanitary measures 动植物卫生检疫措施36. Tariff binding 关税约束承诺37. Tariffication 关税化38. TBT--Technical barriers to trade技术性贸易壁垒39. TPRM--Trade Policy Review Mechanism贸易政策审议机制40. Transparency 透明度41. TRIMs--Trade related investment measures 与贸易有关的投资设施42. TRIPS--Trade related intellectual property rights 与贸易有关的知识产权43. TRQ--Tariff rate quotas/tariff quotas 关税配额44. Waiver （WTO义务的）豁免45. Ad valorem Tariff 从价税46. Arbitration 仲裁47.Balance-of-payments (BOP) Provisions 国际收支条款48. Ceiling Bindings （关税）上限约束49. Conciliation 调解50. de minimis 微量51. General Exceptions 一般例外52. Illustrative List 例示清单53. Import Surcharge 进口附加税54. Infant Industry 幼稚产业55. Intellectual Property Rights （IPRs）知识产权56. ASEAN Free Trade Are东盟自由贸易区57. “bottleneck” restrictions瓶颈制约59. Transit Duties 过境关税60. Par value of Exchange 汇兑平价61. Autonomous Tariff 自主关税62. Export Finance 出口信贷63. Customs Co-operation Council关税合作理事会64.Tariff Escalation 关税升级65.Margin of Preference 优惠差额66.Effective Vate of Protection有效保护率67.Retaliation and cross retaliation报复与交叉报复68.AMS-Aggregate Measure of Support综合支持量69.Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合70.DSU-Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Dispute《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》71.EST-Environmentally-soundtechnology 环保型技术72.grey area measures 灰色区域措施73.import penetration 进口渗透74.INRs-Initial Negotiating Rights最初谈判权（初谈权）75.local content 当地含量76.nullification and impairment（利益的）丧失和减损77.panel （争端解决）专家组78.peace clause （《农业协议》中关于反补贴的）和平条款79.reporting system 申报制度80.CTG-Council for Trade in Goods货币贸易理事会81.Currency retention scheme货币留成制度82. Ex ante/post 采取措施前/后83. Food security 粮食安全84. Geographical indications（知识产权）地理标识85. Green Box measures（农产品国内支持）绿箱措施86.LDCs-Least-developed countries最不发达国家87. Like product 同类产品88.Montreal Protocol《蒙特利尔议定书》(有关保护大气臭氧层的多边环境协定)89.Notification obligation 通知义务90.Paris Convention 《巴黎公约》(关于保护工业知识产权的公约)plaint （解决争端)申诉方92.Defendant (解决争端)被诉方93.Counter-notification 反向通知94.free-rider 免费搭车者（享受其他国家最惠国待遇而不进行相应减让的国家）95.HS-Harmonized Commodity and Coding System 协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度）96.AAMA-Administrative Aspects of Market Access 市场准人的行政管理措施97.Import variable duties 进口差价税98.Import surcharge 进口附加税99.SSG-Special Safeguard (《农产品协议》)特殊保障100. MFA-Multifibre Agreement 《多种纤维协定》。

国际贸易词汇
国际贸易是指不同国家或地区之间通过商品、服务、技术、资本
等交换和流通而产生的商业活动。

在国际贸易中，有许多专业术语需
要了解：
1. 进口：指把商品、服务、技术、资本等从其他国家或地区引进
到本国的行为。

2. 出口：指将本国商品、服务、技术、资本等出售到其他国家或
地区的行为。

3. 贸易顺差：指出口收入大于进口支出的情况下多余的部分，也
就是国家或地区的贸易盈余。

4. 贸易逆差：指进口支出大于出口收入的情况下不足的部分，也
就是国家或地区的贸易赤字。

5. 贸易壁垒：指为了保护本国经济和产业而采取的限制进口的措施，如关税、配额等。

6. 自由贸易：指国家或地区为了促进贸易自由化而降低或取消贸
易壁垒，以便更加自由地进行贸易活动。

7. 跨国公司：指在不同国家或地区拥有多个子公司或机构的企业，可以在跨国贸易中起到重要的作用。

8. 关税：指为了保护本国产业而对进口商品征收的税费。

9. 配额：指为了限制进口而对某些商品进口数量进行限制。

10. 同等待遇：指在国际贸易中，所有国家或地区都应该享受相同的待遇，不应该有任何歧视。

国际贸易专业英语单词1. Import - 进口2. Export - 出口3. Trade - 贸易4. Goods - 商品5. Services - 服务6. Tariff - 关税7. Duty - 关税8. Customs - 海关9. Free trade - 自由贸易10. Balance of trade - 贸易平衡11. Trade deficit - 贸易赤字12. Trade surplus - 贸易顺差13. Trade barrier - 贸易壁垒14. Quota - 进口限额15. Embargo - 禁运16. Dumping - 倾销17. Dumping margin - 倾销幅度18. Anti-dumping duty - 反倾销税19. Subsidy - 补贴20. Trade agreement - 贸易协议21. World Trade Organization (WTO) - 世界贸易组织22. Free trade agreement - 自由贸易协议23. Preferential trade agreement - 优惠贸易协议24. Trade dispute - 贸易争端25. Trade war - 贸易战争26. Bilateral trade - 双边贸易第1页/共6页27. Multilateral trade - 多边贸易28. Exchange rate - 汇率29. Currency - 货币30. Foreign exchange - 外汇31. Importer - 进口商32. Exporter - 出口商33. Trade deficit - 贸易赤字34. Trade surplus - 贸易顺差35. Inflation - 通货膨胀36. Deflation - 通货紧缩37. Cross-border trade - 跨境贸易38. Trade finance - 贸易融资39. Letter of credit - 信用证40. Bill of lading - 提单41. Incoterms - 货物贸易术语42. FOB (Free On Board) - 离岸价43. CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight) - 到岸价44. EXW (Ex Works) - 工厂交货价45. Port of entry - 入境口岸46. Port of exit - 出境口岸47. Shipping - 运输48. Logistics - 物流49. Clearing agent - 清关代理商50. Inbound logistics - 入境物流51. Outbound logistics - 出境物流52. Customs duty - 海关税53. Import license - 进口许可证54. Export license - 出口许可证55. Import quota - 进口配额56. Export quota - 出口配额57. Import restrictions - 进口限制58. Export restrictions - 出口限制59. Trade policy - 贸易政策60. Trade negotiations - 贸易谈判61. Market access - 市场准入62. Non-tariff barriers - 非关税壁垒63. Intellectual property rights - 知识产权64. Counterfeit - 仿冒65. Trademark - 商标66. Patent - 专利67. Copyright - 版权68. Royalties - 版权使用费69. Anti-counterfeiting - 打击假冒70. Dumping investigation - 倾销调查71. Import substitution - 进口替代72. Export promotion - 出口促进73. Trade facilitation - 贸易便利化74. Trade dispute settlement - 贸易争端解决75. Trade remedy - 贸易救济措施76. Dumping margin - 倾销幅度77. Safeguard measures - 保障措施78. Countervailing duty - 反补贴税79. Anti-dumping duty - 反倾销税80. Tariff escalation - 关税递增81. Product standards - 产品标准82. Technical barriers to trade - 技术贸易壁垒83. Sanitary and phytosanitary measures - 卫生和植物检疫措施84. Trade remedy investigation - 贸易救济调查85. Dispute settlement mechanism - 争端解决机制第3页/共6页86. Preferential tariffs - 优惠关税87. Most favored nation (MFN) - 最惠国待遇88. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) - 关税与贸易总协定89. Regional trade agreement (RTA) - 区域贸易协定90. Free trade area - 自由贸易区91. Customs union - 关税同盟92. Common market - 共同市场93. Economic integration - 经济一体化94. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) - 北美自由贸易协定95. European Union (EU) - 欧盟96. Single market - 单一市场97. Customs union - 关税同盟98. European Economic Community (EEC) - 欧洲经济共同体99. Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) - 东南亚国家联盟100. Pacific Alliance - 太平洋联盟101. Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) - 跨太平洋伙伴关系102. World Bank - 世界银行103. International Monetary Fund (IMF) - 国际货币基金组织104. International trade law - 国际贸易法105. International trade finance - 国际贸易融资106. International trade dispute resolution - 国际贸易争端解决107. Import substitution industrialization (ISI) - 进口替代工业化108. Outward processing trade - 外加工贸易109. Offshore trade - 离岸贸易110. Advance payment - 预付款111. Documentary credit - 跟单信用证112. Documentary collection - 跟单托收113. Factoring - 让与114. Forfaiting - 福费廷115. Letter of indemnity - 不足保证书116. Standby letter of credit - 保函117. Open account - 开立账户118. Bill of exchange - 汇票119. Commercial invoice - 商业发票120. Packing list - 装箱单121. Certificate of origin - 原产地证书122. Import declaration - 进口申报123. Export declaration - 出口申报124. Insurance certificate - 保险凭证125. Bill of lading - 提单126. Bill of lading - 佣提单127. Bill of lading - 非佣提单128. Air waybill - 空运提单129. Phytosanitary certificate - 植物检疫证书130. Certificate of inspection - 检验证书131. Certificate of conformity - 符合性证明132. Certificate of quality - 质量证明书133. Country of origin - 原产国134. Harmonized System (HS) code - 统一编码135. Tariff code - 关税编码136. Value-added tax (VAT) - 增值税137. Excise tax - 特别消费税138. Withholding tax - 扣缴税139. Customs valuation - 海关估价140. Transfer pricing - 转让定价141. Import duty - 进口关税第5页/共6页142. Export duty - 出口关税143. Import restrictions - 进口限制144. Export restrictions - 出口限制145. Inventory - 库存146. Supply chain - 供应链147. Market research - 市场调查148. Trade show - 贸易展览会149. Market segmentation - 市场细分150. Market entry strategy - 进入市场策略。

QQuads 四方集团（指美国、欧盟、日本、加拿大）Qualification of Suppliers 供应商资格Qualification Procedures 资格审查程序Qualification System 资格审查制度Qualifications 资格Quantitative Ceiling 数量上限Quantitative Restriction 数量限制Quantity Commitment Levels 数量承诺水平Quantity trigger level 数量触发水平Quantum of International 国际贸易总量Quarantine Measures 检疫措施Quarantine Treatments 检疫处理Quasi-judicial 准司法Quota Period 配额期限Quota Price 配额价格Quota Restrictions 配额限制Quota System 配额制度quota-free products 非配额产品Quota-Hopping 配额跳过RRate of Subsidization 补贴率Reasonable Expectation 合理预期Reasonable Means 合理方法Reasonable Period of Time 合理期限Rebuttal Evidence 反驳的证据Rebuttal Submissions 书面辩驳Recidivist Dumping 习惯性倾销Recipient Country/Region 受援国/地区Reciprocal Trade 互惠贸易Reciprocity 对等Recommendations （争端解决）建议Recommendations of Findings 建议或裁决Recovery of Costs 成本收回Red Box 红箱Reduction Commitments 削减承诺Reference years 参考年（基期）Refund of Duties or Taxes 退税Regional trade 区域贸易Regional Trade Agreements 区域贸易协定Registration of a Trademark 商标注册Registry 登记处Regular Channels of Trade 正常贸易渠道Regulatory Duty 调节关税Regulatory Requirements 管理要求Related Persons 有关联关系的人Remedies 经济措施Remission or Drawback 减免与退税Renewal of Registration 注册续展Rental of Phonograms 录音制品出租Rental Rights 出租权Reporting system 申报制度Representations or Proposals 交涉或建议Representative Office 代表处Representative Period 代表期Request for a Waiver 请求豁免义务Request for Conciliation 请求调解Requirments of Use 使用要求Res Judicata 一事不再理Reservation Clause 保留条款Reserved Negotiations 保留谈判Residual Tariffs 剩余关税Residual Value 剩余价值Resource Rent 资源租金Responding Party 应诉方Restraint of Trade 贸易限制Restrictive Clauses 限制性条款Resumed dumping 继续倾销Retail Store Restriction 零售店限制Retailing Services 零售服务Retaliation 报复Retaliatory Measures 报复措施Retaliatory Subsidization 报复性补贴Retrospective Remedies 追溯性救济Revenue 税收Reverse Dumping 逆倾销Review 复审Review Session 审议会议Revocation 撤销Right Holder 权利持有人Right of Appeal 上诉权Right of Establishment 设立权Right of First Refusal 首次拒绝权利Right of Priority 优先权Right of Reproduction 复制权Right to Use a Trademark 商标使用权Risk assessment 风险分析Round 回合Routine Notification 例行通知Royalties 特许权费/使用费Rules of Origin 原产地规则Rules of Procedure 议事规则Rural Development 农村发展SSafeguard Agreement 保障措施协定Safeguard(SG) 保障措施Safe-Haven Agreement 安全港协定Safety Requirements 安全要求Sale for Export 出口销售Sales Tax 销售税Sanitary Inspection 卫生检查Scale of Contribution 会费分摊比例Schedular Tax 分类所得税Schedule of Commitments(GATS) 承诺减让表Schedule Price 价目表价格Schedules of Bindings 约束关税表Schedules of Concessions 减让表Schedules of concessions 减让时间表Scheduling 减让表制作Scientific Evidence 科学证据Scientific Justification 科学上的正当性Scientific Tariff 科学关税Scope of Appellate Review 上诉审查范围Screen Quota 反映限额Screen Time 反映时间Screwdriver Operations 改锥业务Secondary Dumping 二级倾销Second-Level Obligations 第二层义务Sectoral Commitments 部门承诺Sector-Specific Commitments 部门具体承诺Security 担保Security Exceptions 安全例外Security Services 证券服务Selection Procedures 选择程序Selective Safeguard 选择性保障措施Selective Safeguard Clause 严重损害Self-Certification 自我认证Self-Regulatory 自律组织Sellers’Price List 卖方价格清单Selling Price 销售价格Semi-Generic Wine Names 半通用酒名Separate Customs Territory 单独关税区Sequencing 先后顺序Serious Adverse 严重不利影响Serious injury 严重损害Serious Prejudice 严重侵害Service Address 送达地址Service Industry 服务业Service Mark 服务商标Service Market Access 服务贸易市场准入Service Regulations 服务管理Services 服务Services Supplier 服务提供者Settlement of Claims 权利请求的解决Shrimp Case 虾案Similar Goods 类似货物Singapore Agenda 新加坡议程Singapore Issues新加坡议题Single Approach 单一方式Single Tendering 单一来源采购Single Unified Market 单一统一市场Situation Complaints 情势之诉Small Economies 小经济体Social Dumping 社会倾销Social Labeling 社会标签Social Services 社会服务Social Subsidies 社会补贴Social Welfare Charges 社会福利费用Sole Agent 独家代理人Sole Concessionaire 独家受让人Sole Distributor 独家经销人Special Economic Areas 特殊经济区Special Import Measures Act 特殊进口措施法Special Safeguards（SSG）特殊保障措施Special Treatment（ST）（农业协议）特别处理Specialist 专家Specialist in Accounts 会计账目专家Specific Duty 特别关税Specific License 特种许可证Specific Measure 具体措施Specific Subsidy 专向性补贴Specific tariff 从量税Specificity 专向性Specificity Principle 专向性原则Specificity Test 专向性测试Sporadic Dumping 零星倾销Spurious Dumping 假倾销Square Brackets 方括号Staff Regulations 职员条例Staff report 工作人员报告Staff Rules 职员规则Stamp Tax 印花税Standard of Review 审查标准Standardization 标准化Standardization Activities 标准化活动Standardizing 标准化机构Standards 标准Standards Code 标准守则Standing Appellate Body 常设上诉机构Standstill Commitment 维持现状承诺Standstill Provisions 维持现状规定Stare Decisis 遵循先例Start-Up Period 投产期间Start-Up Situation 投产状态State Pricing 国家定价State Responsibility 国家责任State Trading 国营贸易State Trading Commitment 国营贸易承诺State Trading Countries 国营贸易国家State-Owned Enterprises 国有企业State-Trading Dumping 国营贸易倾销Statism 国家主义Stockpiling Exception 储存例外Strategic Duping 战略倾销Subheading 子目Subject Matter of a Patent 专利的客体Submission 递交材料Sub-National Obligation 地方政府义务Subsequent Practice 嗣后做法Subsidiaries 独资子公司Subsidiary 从属性Subsidiary Bodies 附属机构Subsidies 补贴Subsidized Goods 补贴产品Subsidizing Member 进行补贴的成员Subsidy 补贴Subsidy Practice 补贴做法Substantial Improvement 实质性改善Substantial Interest 实质利益Substantial Transformation 实质性改变Substantive Disciplines 实质性纪律Substantive Meeting 实质性会议Substitutable Products 替代品Sunset Clause 日落条款Sunset Industry 夕阳产业Sunset Review 日落复审Supplemental Information 补充信息Supplementary Criteria 补充标准Support Price 支持价格Surrogate Country 替代国Suspend concessions 暂停减让Suspension of an Investigation 中止调查Suspension of Concessions 中止减让Suspension of Release 中止放行Sustainable Development 可持续发展Swiss Formula 瑞士公式Symmetrical Comparisons 对称比较Sympathetic Consideration 积极考虑TTargeted Dumping 目标倾销Tariff Act 关税法Tariff Anomaly 关税异常Tariff Bindings 约束关税/ 关税约束承诺tariff classification 关税分类Tariff Concessions 关税减让Tariff Consolidation 关税合并Tariff Equivalent 关税等值Tariff Escalation 关税升级Tariff Increase 提高关税Tariff Item 税号Tariff Laws 关税法规Tariff Level 关税水平Tariff line 税号Tariff Line 税则号列Tariff Negotiations 关税谈判Tariff Nomenclature 税则目录Tariff peaks 关税高峰Tariff Policy 关税政策Tariff Preferences 关税优惠Tariff Protection 关税保护Tariff Quota 关税配额Tariff Range 关税范围Tariff Rate 关税税率Tariff rate quotas （TRQ ）关税配额Tariff Schedule 关税表Tariff Structure 关税结构Tariff Union(CU) 关税同盟Tariff valuation 关税估价Tariff War 关税战Tariff Zone 关税区Tariff-Cutting Formula 关税减让公式Tariff-Free Quota 免税配额Tariffication 关税化Tariff-Only Regime 单一关税机制Tariffs 关税Tax Credit 税收抵免Tax Subsidy 税收补贴Taxation Services 税收服务Taxed Product 国内征税产品Technical Expertise 技术专长Technical Regulation 技术法规Technical Specifications 技术规格Technical Sub-Committee 技术小组委员会Telecommunication Services 电信服务案Telecommunications 电信Telecommunications Annex 电信附件Telecommunications Services 电信服务Television Services 电视服务Tendering Documents 招标文件Tendering Procedures 招标程序Term of Patent Protection 专利保护期Terms of Reference 职权范围条款Test Methods 检验方法Test Value 测试价格Testing and Inspection 检验和检查Textile Committee 纺织品委员会Textile Designs 纺织品设计Textile Trade 纺织品贸易The Contracting Parties 缔约方全体The contraction in demand 需求萎缩Threat of Injury 损害威胁Threat of Serious Injury 严重损害威胁Threshold 最低限额Threshold Price 门槛价Threshold Value 最低限价Tied Investment 捆绑式投资Tiered Formula 分层公式Time-Limited Exceptions 有时限的例外Time-Schedules 时间表Tokyo Round 东京回合Tolerances for Contaminants 污染物允许量Top-Down Approach 自上而下的方法Torquay Round 托奎回合Total AMS 综合支持总量Total AMS Commitment 综合支持总量承诺Total Eligible Costs 可计入总成本Tourism Satellite Account 旅游卫星账户Tourist Guides Services 导游服务Trade and Environment 贸易与环境Trade Defence Measures 贸易防御措施Trade Diversion 贸易转移Trade diversion inquiry 贸易转移调查Trade Facilitation 贸易便利化Trade in goods 货物贸易Trade in Services 服务贸易Trade in Services Statistics 服务贸易统计Trade Name 商号Trade or Business Association 同业公会或商会Trade Policy 贸易政策Trade Policy Review 贸易政策审议Trade preferences 贸易优先Trade Regulations 贸易法规Trade Relief 贸易补救Trade Remedies 贸易救济Trade Rules for Services 服务贸易规则Trade Secrets 商业秘密Trade Statistics 贸易统计Trade Surplus 贸易盈余Trade, Debt and Finance 贸易、债务和金融Trademark 商标Trading Rights 贸易权Traffic Rights 航空权Training Services 培训服务Transaction in Services 服务交易Transaction Value 成交价格Transfer Duties 转让税Transfer of Liabilities 债务转移Transfer of Payments 转移支付Transitional Safeguard 过渡性保障措施Translation Issues 翻译问题Transparency 透明度Transport Subsidy 运输补贴Transshipment 转运Treaty Interpretation 条约解释Trigger Clause 触发条款Trigger Level 触发水平Trigger Price 触发价格Triggering Point 触发点Turnover Tax 营业税UUnder-Invoicing 低报出口Undertaking 承诺Undisclosed Information 未披露信息Unforeseen Development 不可预见的发展Uniform Tariff 统一关税Unit Amount of a Subsidy 单位补贴额Universal Services 普遍服务Unrequited Export 无偿出口Upstream Dumping 上游倾销Upstream Subsidy 上游补贴Urban Planning Services 城市规划服务Urgent Circumstances 紧急问题Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合Use in Good Faith 善意使用Use of a Trademark 商标使用User Member 用户成员VVagueness of Claims 权利请求模糊Valuation Basis 估价基础Valuation Effect 估价效果Valuation of Contracts 合同估价Valuation Option 估价选择Valuation Procedures 估价程序Valuation System 估价系统Value Added Tax System 增值税制度Value Added Tax（VAT）增值税Value-Added Telecommunications 增值电信Variable duties 差价税Variable Duty 可变税Variable Import 进口差价税Variable Levies差价税Verification 核实Vertical merger 垂直兼并Veterinary Services 兽医服务Violation Claims 违反之诉Visible Balance 有形收支余额Visible Export and Import 有形进出口Visible Trade 有形贸易Visible Trade Balance 有形贸易余额Voluntary Export Quota 自愿出口配额Voluntary Restraint of Export 自愿出口限制Voluntary Standard 自愿性标准Voluntary Undertakings 自愿承诺WWaiver （WTO 义务）豁免Water Transport Services 水运服务Welfare Services 社会福利服务Well-Known Trademark 驰名商标Wheat Flour 面粉案Wholesale Trade Services 批发服务Withdraw 撤回Withdraw concessions 撤销减让Withdraw from the Agreement 退出协定Withdrawal 退出Withdrawal of the Measures 措施撤回Withholding of Concessions 停止减让Witness statement 证词Work of Applied Art 实用艺术作品Working party 工作组Working Procedures 工作程序Wrongful Detention of Goods 错误扣押商品WTO Agreement WTO 协议WTO Secretariat 世界贸易组织秘书处YYearly Updates 年度更新ZZero Binding 零关税约束Zero Duties 零关税Zero-for-Zero Approach 零对零方法Zero-for-Zero Principle 零对零原则Zero-for-Zero Proposal 零对零建议Zeroing 归零Zero-Margin Harmonization 零差别协调。

WTO中的常用术语贸易体 trading entity经济实体 economic entity禁运 embargo经济制裁 economic sanctions非法出口 unlawful export受管制商品(货物)controlled commodities公平交易 fair trade公平竞争 fair competition新闻中的新词语Jerry-built projects 豆腐渣工程housing project for low-income urban residents 安居工程education for all-round development 素质教育laid-off workers 下岗职工knowledge-intensive 智力密集型overseas-funded enterprises 外资企业reposition of redundant personnel 分流chain debts 三角债law-and-order situation 社会治安情况nation state 民族国家Taiwan authorities 台湾当局Taiwan compatriots 台湾同胞Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分。

“ independence of Taiwan”“台独”Development of the West Regions西部大开发“ each side(of the Taiwan Straits) is a country”“一边一国”新闻中的新词语朝阳产业 sunrise industry人才流失 brain drain配套政策 supporting policies网络经济 cybereconomy注册资本 registered capital连带责任 joint liability分期付款 installment payment布什主义 Bush Doctrine瓶颈制约“bottleneck” restrictions不良贷款 non-performing loan带薪假期 paid holiday宽带接入 broadband access对等开放 reciprocal opening跳槽 job-hopping欧洲货币一体化 European monetary integration申请破产保护(美国) go to Chapter 11外交豁免权 diplomatic immunity《反弹道导弹条约》ABM（Anti-ballistic Missile Treaty）西方八国工业集团峰会 G8 Summit信用危机 credit crisis猎头公司 head-hunting company升级换代 updating 英汉合壁的谚语和成语Wine is mirror of the mind. 酒后吐真言。